NOTES


<p><a name=*>[[*]]</a> Text of the presidential address delivered to the
annual meetings of the American Philological Association, December 29,
1992, New Orleans LA. Published in <i>Transactions of the American
Philological Association</i> 123(1993) 1-14

<p><a name=1>[[1]]</a> The wise words of Molly Myerowitz Levine,
"Multiculturalism and the Classics," Arethusa 25 (1992) 215-220, deserve
attention. 

<p><a name=2>[[2]]</a> Reference, of course, is to the heated debate still
raging over Martin Bernal's ambitious, admirably learned, occasionally
brilliant, and productively provocative Black Athena, a projected
multi-volume work, of which two have appeared; Black Athena: The
Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, vol. 1: The Fabrication of
Ancient Greece, 1785-1985 (New Brunswick 1987); vol. 2: The Archaeological
and Documentary Evidence (New Brunswick 1991). Numerous discussions and
disputes have found their way into print, with Bernal frequently offering
rebuttal. See, especially, The Challenge of 'Black Athena', special issue,
Arethusa (1989), ed. by M. M. Levine and J. Peradotto; and a range of
articles in Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3 (1 990). Note also the
trenchant remarks of Edith Hall, "When is a Myth not a Myth? Bernal's
`Ancient Model'," Arethusa 25 (1992) 181-201, with Bernal's response,
203-214. A valuable bibliography on the controversy may be found in M. M.
Levine, "The Use and Abuse of Black Athena," AHR 97 (1992) 440-460. 

<p><a name=3>[[3]]</a>  Cf. the salutary comments of H. von Staden, 
"Affinities and Elisions: Helen and Hellenocentrism," Isis 83 (1992) 578-595. 

<p><a name=4>[[4]]</a>  For what follows, see the much fuller treatment 
in E. 
S. Gruen, Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome (Ithaca 1992) 6-51. 

<p><a name=5>[[5]]</a>  Plut. Rom. 2.1-3; D. H. 1.72.6; Festus, 326, 328L; 
Servius, ad Aen. 1. 273. 

<p><a name=6>[[6]]</a>  Cf. A. Momigliano, Settimo  contributo alla
storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico (Rome 1984) 109, 447,
459. 

<p><a name=7>[[7]]</a> Liv. 22.9.7-10, 10.10; 23.30. 13-14, 31.9. 

<p><a name=8>[[8]]</a> Sources and discussion in Gruen, Studies in Greek 
Culture and Roman Policy (Leiden 1990) 5-33. 

<p><a name=9>[[9]]</a> W.  Wirgin, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 101
(1969) 15. See J. Goldstein, I Maccabees (New York 1976) 455-460. 

<p><a name=10>[[10]]</a> E. J. Bickerman, The Jews in the Greek Age 
(Cambridge, MA 1988) 184.