Archaeological Data
from the MBIIA-C Periods


I. Fortification Systems

	A. MBIIA may have been a village culture at first
	   and then surrounded by mudbrick walls.

	B. Major fortifications with ramparts, glacis,
	   and dry moats associated with MBIIB-C.

		1. Many fortification lines continue
		   into Late Bronze.

	C. End of MBIIC, perhaps new massive stone wall systems
	   as at Shechem.

	D. Many MBII fortification lines continued to be used
	   in the Late Bronze Age as well.

II. Gates

	A. Direct entrance gate with three piers were common
	   in this period.  Later versions would have guard
	   rooms on the side of the entrance passageway.


III. Building Structures

	A. Some large building structures are known from the
	   period.

		1. Common type has a central courtyard with
		   rooms surrounding it. (See Megiddo XII)

			a. Later examples have bathing
			   facilities, in-door plumbing,
			   shell mosaic floors, and frescos?


		2. Large fortress/temples (Migdal) consisting
		   of one room, shrine niche and fortified
		   entrance.

IV. Burial Practices

	A. Secondary burials. Primary burial in supine
	   position.

		1. No evidence of preservation or embalming.

		2. Grave goods consist of jewelry, pottery,
		   and some fine pieces of alabaster.

	B. Horse burials in MBIIC with riders(?) in niches.

V. Pottery

	A. Pottery is wheel-made, imitates metal and heavily carinated.

	B. Most forms common for the next 1,000 years originate in MBII.

	C. Tell el-Yahudiyeh ware.

	D. Bichrome ware.

VI. Small Finds

	A. Scarabs

		1. Development of the scarab

		2. Hyksos scarabs.

	B. Cylinder Seals

	B. Toggle pins

	C. Alabaster vessels

	D. Ivory Inlays and furniture fragments

	E. Weapons

VII. Review of major sites