[course revision, begun 10/2/84; use as new section (9/88)] CLASSIFYING THE PRIMARY SOURCES RAKraft Religious Studies 525: Varieties of Judaism 9/1990 See separate bibliography for abbreviations, etc. DRAFT 1. PRIMARY SOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF EARLY JUDAISM WHICH HAVE NOT COME BY MEANS OF THE CHRISTIAN FILTER ("If Christianity had not survived . . . .") ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS IN GENERAL For a survey of the materials, see EJMI (Meyers & Kraabel); also Meyers & Strange, Archaeology, The Rabbis, & Early Christianity (Abingdon, 1981). ART AND RELATED EXPRESSIONS: Goodenough SYMBOLS COINS (NUMISMATICS): EJMI (Meshorer) INSCRIPTIONS: CIJ See also J. Gray, "The Jewish Inscriptions in Greek and Hebrew at Tocra, Cyrene and Barce," in A. Rowe, Cyrenaican Expedition of the University of Manchester (1952), 43-59. PAPYRI: CPJ See also the Samaritan Papyri from the time of Alexander the Great discovered at Wadi ed-Daliyeh near Jericho (see F.M. Cross Jr., The Biblical Archeologist 26 [l963] 110-121). and various fragments from Qumran MANUSCRIPTS FROM QUMRAN AND OTHER JUDEAN DESERT SITES ... Biblical Texts, Excerpts, Commentaries "Apoc. & Pseud." fragments: Enoch, T 12 Ps, Jubilees, Tobit (?), Daniel adds, Ep.Jer (Gk), Sirach, added Pss Genesis Apocryphon War Scroll Damascus Doc, Rule, Temple Scroll, Special Halakah Hymns & Liturgies Treasure Scroll ... (etc.) MATERIALS PRESERVED IN JEWISH CIRCLES Pirke Avot and other Mishna Early Midrashim and Targumim "Josippon" "Book of Jashar" "3 Enoch" Cairo Geniza Texts MATERIALS PRESERVED IN ISLAMIC SOURCES AND CONTEXTS Muslim Historians and Heresiologists 2. MATERIALS PRESERVED IN CHRISTIAN CONTEXTS HELLENISTIC NON-JEWISH NON-CHRISTIAN SOURCES See Reinach, Stern RELATIVELY FAITHFULLY PRESERVED JEWISH HELLENISTIC SOURCES Aristeas 1 Macc 2 Macc "3 Macc" 4 Macc Wisd Sol Pss Sol Esther adds Daniel adds Pr Manassah (Sirach, Tobit, Judith) Philo Josephus LARGELY JEWISH MATERIALS (?) IN PROBLEMATIC TRANSMISSION (See the composite classified lists, below) 3. CLASSIFICATION OF PRESERVED LITERARY MATERIALS (FORM & CONTENT) SCRIPTURAL TRANSLATIONS, PARAPHRASES, EXCERPTS (explicit) Septuagint and other Greek translations Aramaic Targums (Other Jewish translations: Latin? Syriac?) Testimonia and Florilegia (Qumran) (see also Genesis Apocryphon, Jubilees, LAB, Antiquities) SCRIPTURAL INTERPRETATION AND EXPOSITION Pesharim (Qumran) Philo Treatises ("expositional" and "allegorical") Philo Questions and Answers Rabbinic Midrashim HISTORY-NARRATIVE-STORY (to inform about and/or connect with the past) Extended Connected Narratives LAB/Biblical Antiquities (ps-Philo) Jubilees/Little Genesis Genesis Apocryphon (Qumran) Josephus Antiq & War 1-2 Macc "3 Macc" (see also, e.g. Philo Life of Moses, Ezekiel the Tragedian) Biography, Romances, Person-related Vignettes Life of Adam and Eve (Ladder of Jacob) History of Joseph Joseph & Asenath Jannes and Jambres Legacy ("Testament") of Solomon Lives of the Prophets Ascension of Isaiah Paraleipomena Jeremiou Daniel/Susannah, Bel and the Dragon Judith Tobit History of the Rechabites Josephus' Autobiography (Philo, Life of Moses) (Jesus Gospel Materials) TESTAMENTS AND QUASI-TESTAMENTS (Jubilees) T 12 Patriarchs T Moses (Assumption of M) T Job T Abraham T Isaac T Jacob T (etc.) Adam APOCALYPSES Enoch/ "Watchers" Enoch/"Similitudes" Enoch/"Heavenly Luminaries" Enoch/"Dream Visions" Enoch/To His Children (Testament?) Enoch/miscellaneous fragments Slavonic Enoch ("2 Enoch") Ascension of Ishmael/Enoch ("3 Enoch") Apocalypse of Zephaniah Ezra-Sedrach Apocalypses and Associated Literature 4 Ezra, Gk Apcl Ezra, Vision of Ezra, Questions of Ezra, (Rev Ezra), Apcl Sedrach Baruch Apocalypses ("2 Baruch", "3 Baruch") (Call and) Apocalypse of Abraham Apocalypse of Adam (to Seth) Apocalypse of Daniel (Apocalypse of John) CALENDRIC AND RELATED LORE (Enoch/"Heavenly Luminaries") (Jubilees) "Treatise of Shem" "Revelation of Ezra" Qumran Horoscopes MAGICAL FORMULAE AND FORMULATIONS (see PGM, Sefer ha-Razim, Acts of Philip, etc.) PROPHECIES, PROPHETIC ADMONITIONS, AND ORACLES (Ladder of Jacob) Letter of Jeremiah Words of Baruch ("1 Baruch") Anonymous Prophecy ("Apocalypse of Elijah") Words/Prophecy of Ezra ("5 Ezra") Sibylline Oracles Anonymous Oracles ("6 Ezra") Eldad and Modad Orphic Oracle ETHICAL/SOCIAL/RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION ("WISDOM") (see also Testaments) Ahikar Sirach Harlot Text (Qumran) Wisdom of Solomon 4 Maccabees Philo Treatises Pirke Avot (Mishna) (Paul Letters, James Epistle) PRESCRIBED COMMUNITY CONDUCT Manual of Discipline (Qumran) Rule of the (Eschatological) Community (Qumran) "Damascus Document"/"Zadokite Fragment" Temple Scroll (Qumran) Mishna War Scroll (Qumran) (see also Philo's treatises on Essenes and Therapeutae) Two Ways Traditions (see Barnabas, Didache, Doctrina) COMMUNITY RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIVE MATERIALS Treasure ("Copper") Scroll (Qumran) New Jerusalem (Qumran) MMT (Qumran) HYMNS/PSALMS, PRAYERS, LITURGIES Psalms/Hymns (Qumran, etc.) Benedictions (Qumran) Psalms of Joshua (Qumran) Psalms of Solomon Prayer of Manasseh Odes of Solomon "Hellenistic Synagogue Prayers" Prayer of Jacob Prayer of Joseph Angelic Liturgy (Qumran) RESPONSES TO CRITICISM FROM OUTSIDE ("APOLOGETICS") Philo, Embassy to Gaius and "Apology" Josephus Against Apion [NOT YET CLASSIFIED...] fragments of ... Aristobulus Artapanus Cleodemus Malchus Demetrius the Chronographer Eupolemus Ps-Eupolemus Ezekiel the Tragedian ps-Hecataeus Philo the Epic Poet ps-Phocylides Theodotus (various other Qumranic fragments) //end//