"Judaism on the World Scene" by Robert A. Kraft (University of Pennsylvania) copyright Robert A. Kraft (14 September 1992) [[original = ch 3 in Catacombs and the Colosseum, ed. S. Benko and J.J. O'Rourke (Valley Forge PA: Judson, 1972)]] For the latest version of this file, see http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rs/rak/publics/judaism/WorldScene.htm