**** TABLE OF CONTENTS: **** [1] Modems and Cables [1.1] What kind of modem will work with my Macintosh? [1.2] What kind of cable do I need to use my external modem with my Macintosh? (Includes cable pinouts) [1.3] What do V.32, V.42, bis, MNP, etc mean? [1.4] How fast can the Macintosh serial ports really go? [1.5] How can I disable call-waiting when using my modem? [2] File Formats and Conversion [2.1] What is a resource (or data) fork? [2.2] What is MacBinary? [2.3] What is BinHex? What is uuencode? What are atob/btoa ? [2.4] What is Apple-Single/Double ? [2.5] What do file suffixes like .hqx, .sit, .bin, etc ... mean and how can I convert such files back to normal Macintosh applications and documents? [3] Macintosh File-transfers [3.1] What program(s) do(es) Kermit, FTP (client), and/or X,Y,Z-Modem and where can I get them? [3.2] What is the latest version of ZTerm? [3.3] What is the Communications Toolbox (CTB)? [3.4] Are there any public-domain or shareware Communication Toolbox tools that support Kermit, and/or X,Y,Z-Modem? [3.5] How can I transfer Macintosh files to/from my Macintosh and other non-Macintosh computers (eg: mainframes, Unix boxes, PCs)? [3.6] What's the best compression program to use when uploading files to an archive or BBS? Are there any other guidelines I should follow? [3.7] How can I use the programs that are posted to comp.binaries.mac? [4] Introduction to AppleTalk (and Remote AppleTalk) [4.1] What kind of hardware do I need to set up an LocalTalk network? [4.2] How can I change the Chooser "user" and name of my Macintosh? Also: Why can I no longer change the name of my hard-disk? [4.3] What is AppleTalk Remote Access ? [4.4] Where can I get a Remote Access script for my modem? [5] Networking, MacTCP, Telnet, SLIP [5.1] What is MacTCP and what kind of hardware and software do I need to use it? [5.2] What is the difference between AppleTalk, LocalTalk, EtherNet, EtherTalk, TCP/IP, etc? [5.3] What is Telnet, and is there a Telnet program for the Macintosh? [5.4] Is there a FTP (server) program for the Macintosh? [5.5] What are SLIP, CSLIP and PPP? [6] MacX and Other Ways to Interface With Unix [6.1] Can I run X-Windows on my Mac? [6.2] How can I run MacX over a modem? Is it feasible? [6.3] What is MacLayers and what do I need to use it? [6.4] What is UW and what do I need to use it? [6.5] Is there a program that will convert between BinHex and MacBinary for Unix? [6.6] How can I create LaserWriter PostScript printer files and print them on an PostScript printer connected to a Unix network? [7] Sending and receiving Mail and Usenet News with your Macintosh [7.1] How can I send/receive Internet mail with my Macintosh? [7.2] How can I read/post Usenet news with my Macintosh? [8] Miscellaneous [8.1] I don't have FTP --- How can I access the various archives through e-mail? Appendix [A] List of Common File Suffixes and Abbreviations [B] List of Macintosh archive sites available through the Internet [C] Vendor Information [D] Contributors ================================================================================ [1] Modems and Cables ------------------------------------- [1.1] What kind of modem will work with my Macintosh? Any *external* Hayes compatible modem will work with your Macintosh. See comp.dcom.modems for more information about the many different external Hayes compatible modems. Such modems can be used with any computer (Macintosh, Unix box, MS-DOS PC, Amiga, etc) with a serial port (eg: Macintosh modem port) interface. However, there are modems that are designed specifically for use with the Macintosh. Internal Powerbook modems, ADB modems, and internal NuBus modems are all examples. Assuming you wish to use an external modem, your only other hardware consideration is to find an appropriate cable to connect it to your Macintosh. Especially at higher baud rates (9600 baud and up), a hardware-handshaking cable is recommended (see [1.2] for details). There are many non-hardware-handshaking cables being sold at reputable computer accessory stores, so it's recommended that you ask before buying. Various special modems exist with unique features; the most notable type is the dual FAX/modem. For more information, visit comp.dcom.modems or your local dealer: there are simply too many products to describe here. ------------------------------------------ [1.2] What kind of cable do I need to use my external modem with my Macintosh? Most modems have a female DB-25 (25 pin) connector labelled RS-232C on their backsides. All Macintoshes since the Mac Plus use a mini DIN-8 (8 pin) connector for the two serial ports (modem and printer). Earlier models use the larger DB-9 (9 pin) connector. Finding a generic cable for any configuration should not be very difficult at most computer accessory stores. They are typically sold for around $25. However, especially at the higher baud rates (9600 baud and up), a hardware handshaking cable is highly recommended. Attempting to transfer files at high baud rates using a non-hardware- handshaking cable will likely result in repeated transmission errors, a drop in the transfer rate, and possibly an aborted transmission. Since many non-hardware-handshaking cables are still being sold, it's a good idea to ask before buying. If you want to "roll-your-own" or are having problems getting your modem and your Macintosh to communicate, read on. The serial ports on the Macintosh are not actually RS-232C ports but are instead RS-422 compliant, a similar but better standard. This explains some of the difficulty in implementing hardware- handshaking. One way to wire your cable is as below: Macintosh (DTE) Modem (DCE) DIN-8 DB-25 Pin Signal Signal Pin 1 HSKo --------------------------- RTS 4 2 HSKi --------------------------- CTS 5 3 TxD- --------------------------- TxD 2 4 GND --------------------------- GND 7 5 RxD- --------------------------- RxD 3 6 TxD+ (nc) .-- DSR 6 7 GPi (nc) '-- DTR 20 8 RxD+ --------------------------- GND 7 shield --------------------------- shield Figure 1.2.1 If your modem cannot be configured to ignore DTR, or if you are using an old 1200 baud or 2400 baud modem, the pinout in Figure 1.2.1 is probably best. However, if you are using a high-speed modem that can ignore DTR, and/or Remote AppleTalk, you should instead use the pinout in Figure 1.2.2, which is the pinout recommended by Apple: Macintosh (DTE) Modem (DCE) DIN-8 DB-25 Pin Signal Signal Pin 1 HSKo ----------------------+---- RTS 4 '---- DTR 20 2 HSKi --------------------------- CTS 5 3 TxD- --------------------------- TxD 2 4 GND ----+---------------------- GND 7 8 RxD+ ----' 5 RxD- --------------------------- RxD 3 6 TxD+ (nc) 7 GPi --------------------------- DCD 8 shield --------------------------- shield Figure 1.2.2 Note: You can find a pretty picture of this PICT by using ResEdit to open the 'Apple Modem Extension' CTB. This PICT Note: Be careful! Although technically, you should not be able to damage either your modem or computer by using an incorrectly wired cable, you should always perform a connectivity test to double-check your wiring before using your homemade cable. Some serial devices place auxiliary voltages on non-standard pins. Note: If you are having trouble finding or soldering a mini DIN-8 connector (they can be expensive and are rather small), Dave Alverson suggests purchasing a DIN-8 to DIN-8 cable (often sold as an Imagewriter printer cable), cutting it in half, and wiring each end to a DB-25 that can plug into your modem (resulting in *two* cables). However, before slicing, Jon Spear notes that it is a good idea to check for continuity between all the pins (otherwise you will not be able to wire each signal). Note: If you are running A/UX and are having difficulties controlling your modem from software, see the comp.unix.aux FAQ for the latest information on an A/UX specific cable. ---------------------------------------------- [1.3] What do V.32, V.42, bis, MNP, etc mean? Because these topics are universal telecommunications issues, they are more fully discussed in comp.dcom.modems. However, a short description of some of the more common abbreviations and buzzwords is given below. An excellent article on the subject of modems, including a guide to buying high-speed modems, is available from InfoMac (sumex-aim) and its mirror sites as the file info-mac/report/modem-guide-10.txt. Buzzword What it typically means --------------- ---------------------------------------------- bit : binary digit; amount of information necessary to distinguish between two equally likely events (such as the value of a binary digit) byte : eight bits; size of a single ASCII character bps : bits per second baud : one analog signal state change; people usually use baud and bps interchangeable although most modern modems can encode multiple bits per baud Bell 103 : 300 bps U.S. Standard Bell 212A : 1200 bps U.S. Standard LAP/M : Link Access Protocol/Modem. MNP : Microcom Networking Protocol (Proprietary) MNP5 : MNP extension; 2 to 1 data compression. V.32 : 9600bps, 4800bps V.32bis : 14.4Kbps, 12Kbps, 9600bps, 7200bps, 4800bps V.42 : MNP 4 and LAP/M modem to modem error correction V.42bis : LAP/M and 4-to-1 data compression. Table 1.3.1 ---------------------------------------- [1.4] How fast can the Macintosh serial ports really go? The Macintosh operating system supports data rates up to 57600 baud, but the Macintosh serial hardware can support transfer rates that are much higher if they are externally clocked. Serial port sound-input-devices such as the Cedar Technologies SID and Farallon's MacRecorder, as well as AppleTalk boxes, use this trick to achieve transfer rates greater than 100 Kbps. Note: Powerbooks are known to have problems at extremely high data rates. These problems are caused by Power Manager overhead. A soon-to-be released Powerbook Tuner will hopefully cure this problem. ------------------------------------- [1.5] How can I disable call-waiting when using my modem? This varies depending on your local phone company, but often, if you preced the phone number you wish to tone dial with "*70," (omit the quotes but not the comma), you can disable call-waiting FOR THAT CALL ONLY. If you have a strictly rotary dial line, try preceding the phone number with "1170". ================================================================================ [2] File Formats and Conversion --------------------------------------------- [2.1] What is a resource (or data) fork? A Macintosh file has two parts: a data fork and a resource fork. Text files and GIF image files are examples of Macintosh files that are usually stored completely in the data fork, and have an empty (or nonexistent) resource fork. Applications, as a a counter-example, store most if not all of their information in 'resources' in the resource fork and usually have an empty data fork. Because this two-forked organization of files isn't very common, transferring Macintosh files that have non-empty resource forks to non-Macintosh machines (such as Unix boxes, or MS-DOS machines) requires special encoding, described below. --------------------------------------- [2.2] What is MacBinary? MacBinary is a standard way of taking a Macintosh file (both resource and data forks) and creating a new file with just a data fork. This new file can then be transferred through machines which know nothing about the native Macintosh file system, without losing the information stored in the resource fork. MacBinary also stores other information (such as the filename, creation and modification dates, file type and creator) about the original file. If you want to store some Macintosh files on a non-Macintosh computer, one way is to convert them to a MacBinary format file before transferring. Note that MacBinary files are useless to people who are not using Macintosh computers. MacBinary's purpose is to encapsulate *all* information contained in a Macintosh file for transport over a non-Macintosh medium. For this reason, you should not use MacBinary and/or BinHex to post GIF images, for example, to Usenet because (1) GIF images contain no Macintosh specific information and (2) doing so will make it impossible for most non-Macintosh users to display your image. Although a Macintosh program (called MacBinary) does exist to do the converting to and from MacBinary, almost all modern Macintosh telecommunications programs have the capability of converting and unconverting MacBinary files for you. ZTerm, for example, can be configured to automatically detect when a MacBinary file is being received and to convert this file to its original representation; or, if you are uploading, ZTerm can optionally encode the file into MacBinary before sending. Fetch, White Knight, and most other commercial and shareware products have equivalent or similar capabilities. Dennis Brothers designed the original MacBinary standard many years ago. Yves Lempereur incorporated this standard into his Binhex 4.0 program (see [2.3]), solving a major problem on Compuserve. About a year later, around the time the Mac Plus came out, group discussions on Compuserve led to an enhancement of the original MacBinary standard. Since then, BinHex 4.0 and the new MacBinary have become the standard way of encapsulating Macintosh files for transferring over foreign systems throughout the Internet, Usenet, and elsewhere. MacBinary I is the name given to the old MacBinary standard. MacBinary II is the name given to the new MacBinary standard which everybody uses today; in common usage, MacBinary means MacBinary II. -------------------------------------------- [2.3] (a) What is BinHex? (b) What is uuencode? (c) What are atob/btoa ? (a) A "binary" file is usually intended to describe a file which does not always have the high bit in each byte set to zero. Text and BinHex files are the most common examples of non-binary data. Programs and images are common examples of binary data. MacBinary files are specially encoded binary files (see 2.2]). Unfortunately, many network e-mail and Usenet gateways are only receptive to non-binary files. To make it possible to send binary files such as Macintosh MacBinary files through e-mail or Usenet, it is necessary to convert these files to a text- compatible form. BinHex and uuencode are two different ways of doing this. Both BinHex and uuencode result in files that are larger than the original binary version. BinHex 4.0, by Yves Lempereur, is a binary to text translator that can directly encode any Macintosh document (ie: it knows how to convert information in both the resource and data forks). BinHex files can be easily recognized since they begin with the line: (This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0) and are followed by a line starting with a colon, ':'. The BinHex encoding of the file follows, and is ended with another colon. There is in fact a program called "BinHex 4.0" in various archives, but you don't have to use it to convert files to and from BinHex. Many programs, including the popular compression programs "Compact Pro" and "StuffIt" allow you to convert BinHex files on your Macintosh. There are even various Unix utilities (see [6.5]) that manipulate BinHex, MacBinary, and other types of Macintosh files. Just about every Macintosh program posted to Usenet appears in BinHex 4.0 format. Most FTP sites also store their Macintosh archives in BinHex format to allow users who don't have (or forget to use) binary mode in FTP to successfully transfer files. BinHex files are usually denoted by the suffix ".hqx". The specifications to BinHex, should you be interested, are available at InfoMac archives (retrieve the file tech/binhex-40-specs.txt). Useful utility programs for converting to and from BinHex 4.0: BinHex 4.0 the original BinHex 4.0 application DeHqx-2 a much more powerful BinHex 4.0 utility Note: On Unix (and other non-Macintosh machines), you can use the programs described in [6.5] to manipulate BinHex files. There is also a program/format called "BinHex 5.0"; it is NOT a more advanced version of "BinHex 4.0" but rather a separate _binary_ format (it uses the entire eight-bit ASCII character set and is thus not suitable for Usenet postings or e-mail) that was the precursor to MacBinary (see [2.2]). Converting a file with BinHex 5.0 and then using BinHex 4.0 is another way of converting a native Macintosh files with data and resource forks into a format that can be e-mailed or posted (and then reconstructed). MacBinary, however, is almost always used in preference to BinHex 5.0. (b) "uuencode" is a binary to text translator that serves the same purpose as BinHex, except that it knows nothing about the Macintosh resource/data fork structure. uuencode was designed to allow Unix binary files to be easily transferred through text- only interfaces, such as e-mail. Every uuencoded file contains a line similar to: begin 644 usa-map.gif followed by a series of lines of 60 ASCII text characters that begin with the letter 'M'. The file ends with a line containing the word 'end'. There may be other special keywords included. Usually, you won't find Macintosh files in uuencode format; however, most non-Macintosh specific binary data posted to Usenet is uuencoded, so if you wish to use any of this data (such as images posted in alt.binaries.* and elsewhere), you will need to deal with uuencode. The programs 'uuencode' and 'uudecode' exist on most Unix systems. If not, ask a local expert to find them. Several programs allow you to convert to and from uuencode using your Macintosh; among these are UULite 1.4 and Tiger 1.11. uuencoded files are usually denoted by the suffix ".uu". There is a StuffIt translator to handle uuencode conversion. (c) atob and btoa are programs typically found on Unix systems that also convert between binary and ASCII-printable character sets. Although not as popular as uuencode, btoa produces smaller text-compatible versions of binary files that can be e-mailed or posted on Usenet. Check your local man pages for details. There are StuffIt translators to handle atob/btoa conversion. ------------------------------------------- [2.4] What is Apple-Single/Double ? AppleDouble is another means of storing Macintosh files on non-Macintosh computers or filesystems, particularly on Unix filesystems that also allow files to be mounted under the Macintosh operating system via AppleShare (or an equivalent product). AppleDouble files are actually two files. The data fork of the corresponding Macintosh file is stored in a single file just as it exists on the Macintosh using the original filename. The resource fork is stored in a second file whose name is obtained by prefixing the original filename with '%'. A few Macintosh programs decode these files; one such utility is Tiger 1.11. The macutils Unix utilities [see 6.5] may also be useful. If you are trying to figure out how to access the files in the 'mac.bin' directory at ftp-archive maintained by the University of Michigan, don't bother; all those files exist in .hqx format in the 'mac' directory. ------------------------------------- [2.5] What do file suffixes like .hqx, .sit, .bin, etc ... mean and how can I convert such files back to normal Macintosh applications and documents? Most files available by FTP or posted to Usenet are modified twice to allow them to more easily pass through foreign computer systems. Files may be compressed to make them smaller, and/or they are almost always translated to either BinHex (.hqx) or MacBinary (.bin) format (see [2.2] and [2.3] for an explanation of these formats). How a Macintosh file has been translated and compressed for transmission is indicated by its suffix. Normally a file will have a name similar in form to: filename.xxx.yyy, where: .xxx indicates how it was compressed .yyy indicates how it was translated Usually, .xxx is one of: .cpt, .dd, .sea, .sit Usually, .yyy is one of: .bin, .hqx, .image To convert a file back to its native Macintosh format, you will typically need to go through one step per suffix. For example, the filename "Swatch.cpt.hqx" indicates that a Compact Pro archive (.cpt) "Swatch" has been translated to BinHex (.hqx). To recreate the file(s) in the original archive, you must first 'undo' the BinHex transformation, creating a Compact Pro archive, and then open the Compact Pro archive and extract the file(s) in the archive. You can use the following table to determine what Macintosh programs decode which formats. For a more complete description of the various Macintosh archival programs, see the excellent FAQ for comp.sys.mac.apps. Suffix: .sit .cpt .hqx .bin .pit .Z .image .dd .zip .uu .tar Extractors ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- StuffIt 3.0| X X X X X X ! ! ! Compact Pro| X X Packit | X UULite 1.4 | X MacCompress| X SunTar | X X X X BinHex 5.0 | X BinHex 4.0 | X DiskDoubler| X UnZip | X DiskCopy | X Table 2.5.1 Note: Although it cannot be used to generate archives, the free program StuffIt Expander is a useful program for expanding archives. It recognizes all StuffIt, Compact Pro, and AppleLink archives, and supports drag-and-drop under System 7. ! Note: StuffIt Deluxe includes translators for .tar, .uu, MacBinary, atob, btoa, AppleLink packages, and DiskDoubler. These translators can also be used with StuffIt Lite. A .zip translator is also distributed with StuffIt Deluxe, but remains part of the commercial package. The following file suffixes indicate formats that are native to the Macintosh and which can be manipulated using the indicated programs: .bin MacBinary files; see [2.2] .cpt Compact Pro archive files; [see 3.6] .dd DiskDoubler archive files; [see 3.6] .hqx BinHex files; see [2.3], [3.7] .image Apple DiskCopy disk image file (typically used for distributing system software); latest version available via anonymous ftp from ftp.apple.com .pit Packit files; [see 3.6] .sea Self-extracting archive files; this usually denote an application which can be double-clicked upon to create a decompressed version of the archive .sit StuffIt archive files; [see 3.6] .sitd mistakenly used to indicate files created by StuffIt Deluxe; *all* StuffIt files should be given the .sit extension (says the author!) Table 2.5.2 The following file suffixes indicate formats that are not native to the Macintosh, but in most cases, files of these types can be manipulated on the Macintosh using the indicated programs. .arc MS-DOS PC archive file; ArcPop, MacArc .arj MS-DOS PC archive file; unArjMac .gif Compuserve Graphics Interchange File; many programs, free, shareware and commercial exist to display and/or modify these images; some of the popular shareware ones are: QuickGIF and GIFConverter. .lzh MS-DOS PC archive file; LHarc or MacLHa .shar Unix shell archive file; Unshar 1.5 .uu Unix uuencoded files; see [2.3] .Z Unix 'compress' archive file; MacCompress 3.2 .zip MS-DOS PC archive file; UnZip, ZipPop Table 2.5.3 Archive-name: macintosh/comm-faq/part3 Last-modified: Thu Oct 29 1992 ================================================================================ [5] Networking, MacTCP, Telnet, SLIP ------------------------------------------ [5.1] What is MacTCP and what kind of hardware and software do I need to use it? MacTCP is Apple's implementation of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) TCP/IP Protocols (see [5.2]). MacTCP's software interface is a Control Panel, which means that it loads when your Macintosh boots. Under System 6.0.X, MacTCP will reside in the System Folder; under System 7.0, it should be placed in the Control Panels Folder. MacTCP accomplishes two important tasks: it is a tool that lets programmers who wish to develop TCP/IP based applications do so without "reinventing the wheel". By providing a standard interface to TCP/IP network hardware, MacTCP also makes it possible for more than one TCP/IP based application to run on a Macintosh at any one time. For example, you can simultaneously use a Telnet program, an FTP program, and share a filesystem via NFS when you use MacTCP to provide the interface to your TCP/IP network. The latest version (8/92) of MacTCP is MacTCP 1.1. It requires a Macintosh Plus or later model, System 6.0.5 or later, a direct connection to a Ethernet or TokenRing network (typically a Ethernet or TokenRing card or a SLIP dialup connection), or a connection to a LocalTalk network with a DDP-IP router such as a Shiva FastPath, Cayman Gatorbox, Webster Multigate, or Compatible EtherRoute TCP. As indicated above, MacTCP is an Apple product. The official way to obtain it is to purchase it from APDA (look for address and ordering information in the Appendix). It is a licensed product and is officially NOT free. Many universities have campus site licenses; your site may also have such an arrangement --- check before buying. Educational discounts are available, when appropriate. Otherwise, expect to pay about $100 for a single copy. An internal-use license agreement for MacTCP is $1000 for universities and $2000 for commercial firms. For more detailed information regarding setting up a Macintosh to connect to a TCP/IP network using MacTCP, see Eric Behr's report on MacTCP which is archived at the various FTP sites as mac-tcp-info.txt. At InfoMac mirror sites, it can be found in the report subdirectory. This report provides a lot of useful information for first-time Macintosh networking administrators. ---------------------------------------- [5.2] What are AppleTalk, LocalTalk, EtherNet, EtherTalk, TCP/IP, etc? When attempting to describe networking terms, a distinction should be drawn between networking _protocols_ (such as AppleTalk and TCP/IP) and networking _hardware_ (such as LocalTalk, Ethernet, and TokenRing). In most cases, a specific protocol can be used over more than one hardware medium. In order to help understand the interaction of these disparate parts in a real-world network, we can adopt the useful analogy of multi-layer cake with the physical wire at the very bottom and the software which you are running at the very top. Thus, we can think of LocalTalk, Ethernet and TokenRing as being the layers at the bottom, AppleTalk and TCP/IP in the middle and programs like NCSA Telnet, NFS/Share and MacX at the top. The following terms describe protocols (software descriptions) common to the Macintosh networking world: * AppleTalk: A proprietary suite of protocols developed by Apple Computer, Inc. that provides for near-transparent network connections between Macintosh computers. However, within the last few years AppleTalk has been ported to operating systems other than the Macintosh OS, including UNIX, VMS and DOS. Questions about the AppleTalk protocol are probably best posed in the newsgroup comp.protocols.appletalk . * TCP/IP: A suite of protocols developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) whose purpose is multi-platform connectivity. TCP/IP drivers are available for almost all of the computer platforms in use today, including micros, minis, main- frames and supercomputers. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, because these are the two most widely used protocols in the suite. However, TCP/IP includes the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) and others. * EtherTalk: The driver which allows AppleTalk protocols to be transported by Ethernet. * TokenTalk: The driver which allows AppleTalk protocols to be transported over IBM TokenRing networks (4 and 16 Mb/s). The following terms describe hardware (the physical link such as the wire(s) connecting computers) common to the Macintosh networking world: * LocalTalk: One type of hardware over which AppleTalk protocols can be transported. LocalTalk has a throughput of 230.4 Kilobits per second, or roughly a quarter of a Megabit per second. * PhoneNet: Another type of hardware commonly used to transport AppleTalk packets. PhoneNet mates LocalTalk hardware with ordinary (unused) telephone wire. PhoneNet is probably the cheapest way to connect widely separated Macintosh computers within a single building. * Ethernet: A network medium over which AppleTalk, TCP/IP and other protocols travel. Ethernet's maximum throughput is 10 Megabits per second. * TokenRing: A network medium developed (and patented) by IBM based on a topology of a ring of nodes connected serially by a single wire. Each node, or computer, speaks on the wire only when it has posession of a token. TokenRing technology can demonstrate throughputs of either 4 or 16 Megabits per second. -------------------------------------- [5.3] What is Telnet, and is there a Telnet program for the Macintosh? Telnet is a high speed terminal connection protocol designed with TCP/IP in mind. A Telnet program allows you to connect to computers that accept Telnet sessions (such as Unix boxes) with interactive full-screen console input and output capabilities in mind. There are several Telnet programs for the Macintosh. The first and most widely used is NCSATelnet, which is free and can be found via anonymous FTP from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu (as well as elsewhere). The latest version is 2.5 and supports TEK 4105 graphics, provides both an FTP server *and* client as well as a built-in SLIP driver, and can do session logging. Unlike most TCP/IP programs for the Macintosh, it does not require (but can use) MacTCP. Comet, the Cornell Macintosh Terminal Emulator, is a Public Domain communications program which offers multiple VT102 and IBM 3278 emulator Telnet sessions (using MacTCP) as well as serial VT102 connections. A TFTP server is provided for TCP/IP file transfer; in addition the "ft3270" file transfer protocol supports file transfer with IBM VM hosts over Telnet and serial connections. Comet is available via anonymous FTP from the pub/comet/ directory of comet.cit.cornell.edu. Hytelnet is a Telnet program available for various personal computers including the Macintosh. The Macintosh version is based upon Hypercard 2.x. Contact Charles Burchill at for more information about Hytelnet. InterCon has a fully-functional Telnet Connection Tool (for use with the CTB). InterCon's TCP/Connect II includes facilities for Telnet as well as a FTP (and a host of other features). Versaterm 4.6.2 ships with a Telnet Connection Tool (in addition to MacTCP). However, this tool seems to be intended to be used only with Versaterm and does not support all Telnet features. Stanford University Networking Systems distributes a package known as SU-Mac/IP that includes Telnet, FTP, tn3270, printing facilities and other MacTCP based capabilities. The package can be licensed *ONLY* by "degree-granting institutions of higher education". For information, either send e-mail to macip@jessica.stanford.edu or call [USA] (415) 723-3909. ------------------------------------- [5.4] Is there a FTP (server) program for the Macintosh? Yes, you can choose from freeware, shareware and payware varieties: * NCSATelnet (see [5.3]) includes both FTP client and server capabilities. * Fetch 2.06 (from Dartmouth) is a freeware FTP application * FTPd, $5, by Peter Lewis , is a recently released shareware FTP server with many features (described below by the author): o Multiple simultaneous users. o Honours System 7 Users & Groups (in fact depends on them!). o Supports BinHex and MacBinary transfers, including the MACB command. o Allows login to other AppleShare servers on the local network. o Allows different formats of a file to be fetched. o Pattern matching in change directory command. o Individual initial directory for any user. o FTP site descriptions sent after login. o Directory descriptions sent after CD command. o Supports the CatSearch feature to allow very fast volume wide searches. o Quite slow. * HyperFTP, a Hypercard-based FTP client. * Versaterm 4.6.2 also ships with an FTP CTB Tool. Advanced Software Concepts, sells a commercial FTP server (name currently unknown) product and has posted a demo to InfoMac. ------------------------------------- [5.5] What are SLIP, CSLIP and PPP? SLIP stands for Serial Line Internet Protocol. SLIP is a "non-standard" for framing IP packets and shipping them over a serial line (e.g. a cable, or a pair of modems), thus allowing a home machine to dial up and become part of the Internet. Effectively, SLIP turns a serial port into a logical ethernet port. Many workstations and terminal servers can support SLIP. On the Macintosh side, several vendors offer SLIP modules for MacTCP. (These vendors and products are summarized below). Macintosh software which communicates with the outside world via MacTCP will continue to work over SLIP, albeit somewhat more slowly due to the relatively low bandwidth of modem connections. CSLIP stands for Compressed SLIP. CSLIP reduces the size of the headers in IP packets by eliminating a certain amount of redundancy. This improves interactive performance. PPP stands for Point-to-Point Protocol. PPP can support both synchronous and asynchronous connections and protocols that are not IP-based. It provides specifications for error correction, feature negotion, escaping control characters, etc. Nearly all modem users continue to use SLIP or CSLIP, and PPP seems to be popular only over synchronous high-speed (56 Kbps or greater) connection. However, as dedicated high-speed connections become more common, PPP is likely to become more popular. So far, however, there are no PPP extensions for MacTCP (as of 8/92). Recently, several vendors have provided SLIP LAPs for MacTCP. What is a "MacTCP SLIP LAP"? To quote Steve Dorner, "It's an extension that allows MacTCP to work over a phone line, allowing you to use any MacTCP application over your modem, if you have the right dialins." LAP stands for Link Access Protocol. You choose the LAP you want to use via the MacTCP Control Panel. Currently, the following SLIP products for the Macintosh are readily available: o MacSLIP from Hyde Park Software is a MacTCP extension that supports SLIP and CLSIP and a scripting language for session. Individual copies sell for $49.95. Contact: info@hydepark.com, [USA] (800) 531-5170, or write: TriSoft 1825 East 38 1/2 Austin, Texas 78722 Reports of transfer rates as high as 1500 bytes/sec have been posted to comp.sys.mac.comm by users of MacSLIP on high-end Macintoshes (IIfx, Quadras) with V.42bis 9600 baud modems. o InterCon Systems is shipping a MacTCP extension with their networking product (TCP/Connect II), and as a separate package (InterSLIP). Contact: sales@intercon.com, [USA] (703) 709 9890 o Synergy Software offers a SLIP/CSLIP MacTCP extension with its Versaterm/Versaterm-PRO packages. If you already own Versaterm, SLIP is a $20 upgrade. If you buy the complete Versaterm 4.6.2 package (about $90), you will also get an FTP server and client, a Telnet connection tool, and MacTCP. Contact: [USA] (215) 779 0522 o If you are only interested in Telnet and FTP capability, you may want to examine NCSA Telnet (see [5.3]). Information about setting up SLIP on Sun Unix boxes, as well as some reviews and Unix SLIP programs, can be found via anonymous FTP from ftp.bio.indiana.edu in util/slip, among other places. ================================================================================ [6] MacX and Other Ways to Interface With Unix -------------------------------- [6.1] Can I run X-Windows on my Mac? Yes. For Macintosh OS users (not using A/UX), two possibilities exist. MacX is an X-Windows server for the Macintosh, developed by Apple. With MacX running, your Macintosh can serve as a display server for any X-Windows client program (such as xterm, xbiff, etc). The client programs must be running on a separate machine running Unix (unless you are also running A/UX, Apple's brand of Unix for the Macintosh). MacX's technical capabilities, as described by Alan Mimms in "X for the rest of us" (2/91) and paraphrased in the FAQ for comp.windows.x are as follows: MacX runs on MacPlus or newer machines with >= 2MB of memory and system software 6.0.4 or later. Version 1.1 is fully X11R4-based. It supports full ICCCM-compatible cut and paste of text AND graphics between the Macintosh and X11 worlds, the SHAPE extension (including SHAPEd windows on the Macintosh desktop), an optional built-in ICCCM-compliant window manager, X11R4 fonts and colors, a built-in BDF font compiler, and built-in standard colormaps. To connect your Macintosh to a network of machines capable of running X-Windows clients, MacX uses MacTCP. For the best performance, you will want to access this network through LocalTalk or normal Ethernet. However, it is also possible to make the connection over a high-speed modem and use MacX to run X-Windows clients on remote machines; you will need a SLIP LAP module for MacTCP to do this --- see [6.2] for the details. MacX can be purchased from official Apple retailers, such as most university campus stores, for about $300 (less if you qualify for an educational discount). MacX is also bundled with A/UX 3.0. The FAQ for comp.windows.x also describes another product, eXodus, as follows: eXodus from White Pine Software (603-886-9050) runs on any Mac with at least 1MB of memory and runs the X server within a standard Macintosh window. Version 3.0 [6/91] supports intermixing of X and Mac windows and the ADSP protocol. The version supports the SHAPE extension and includes DECwindows support. For information regarding using MacX with A/UX, see the FAQ for comp.unix.aux and/or ask questions in that newsgroup, and/or investigate wuarchive.wustle.edu:/systems/aux/X11R5. You _can_ run X11R5 under A/UX 3.0. ---------------------------------------- [6.2] How can I run MacX over a modem? Is it feasible? Now that several SLIP LAP modules for MacTCP are available, it is possible to run MacX over a modem. You are advised that performance will be significantly poorer than you may be expecting, especially if you are not using a high-speed modem (eg: 9600 baud or higher with compression and/or error- detection). With high-speed modems, using MacX to bring up xterms and other text-oriented clients is usable; however, any sort of graphics-intensive program (eg: xdvi) is going to require some patience (but should be bearable). Thus, in addition to MacX, to be able run MacX over a modem you need: 1. A modem. A high-speed modem with v.32bis and v.42 is *STRONGLY* recommended. 2. A terminal-server at your site that offers dial-up SLIP connections. You'll have to ask your site or system administrator about this one. There will likely be some paperwork to fill out. 3. A SLIP (or CLSIP) LAP module for MacTCP. See [5.5] for details on such products. If you are specifically interested in just having multi-window connections to a Unix box that you connect to over a modem, other options include using a Telnet program with SLIP (see [5.3]), or MacLayers or UW (see [6.3], [6.4]) ------------------------------------- [6.3] What is MacLayers and what do I need to use it? MacLayers allows you to logon to a Unix host and open more than one window over a single (serial) connection. Each window can correspond to a (login) shell or program running on your choice of host(s). Up to seven full-screen resizable VT-100 windows are allowed. In addition, MacLayers provides a primitive (but useful anyway) mechanism to download binary files "in the background", allowing you to work in other windows while you download. No upload facility (except for text pasting) is provided. At this time, MacLayers does not support the CTB. However, it is freely distributable (but may not be sold). MacLayers requires: 1. A Unix host which supports sockets. 2. A Macintosh with 128 KB ROMs or larger. MacLayers does not work with the old 64 KB ROM machines. MacLayers comes in two parts: a program you run on your Macintosh and a set of C source files that you compile on your Unix host (a Makefile is provided). When you login to your host while running MacLayers on your Macintosh, you simply run one of the Unix-side programs to start up the windowing system (similar to running a windowing-environment like X-Windows at the console, except that everything is character based -- no graphics). MacLayers is currently at version 1.10. Unfortunately, the original author, David W. Trissel, has not had a lot of time to devote on his _free_ program. Fortunately, however, a group of programmers dedicated to Macintosh telecommunications is taking over the development of MacLayers. TopSoft promises to make major enhancements before releasing the next version of MacLayers (7/92). MacLayers 1.10 can be FTP'd from rascal.ics.utexas.edu in mac/communications/MacLayers. InfoMac sites are still carrying MacLayers 1.0. Let me stress again that the latest version does NOT support uploading, Zmodem transfers, X-Windows, the CTB, SLIP, or any other features not mentioned in the documentation. If you are using System 7, be sure to get the latest version, 1.10, since the earlier version, 1.00, has a few incompatibilities with System 7. MacLayers 1.10 provides much better keyboard support (through an included keyboard layout resource) for non-extended keyboards. The official archive site for MacLayers is rascal.ics.utexas.edu but both the Unix and Macintosh parts of MacLayers can be found in the comm directory at Info-Mac mirrors. -------------------------------------- [6.4] What is UW and what do I need to use it? UW (short for Unix Windows) is a program similar in style and intent to MacLayers (see [6.3]) --- that is, it provides a multi-window interface to a Unix hosts. UW has been around a lot longer than MacLayers but, as far as I know, hasn't been updated in quite a long time. It offers most of the same features as MacLayers, but no facility for downloading is provided. UW does have the advantage of working with the older 64 KB ROM machines, but in general, MacLayers is the superior program. ------------------------------------- [6.5] Is there a program that will convert between BinHex and MacBinary for Unix? Yes, there are at least two that will handle BinHex 4.0, MacBinary, and other conversions. macutil and mcvert are distributed as Unix shar archvies and can be found in the unix directory at InfoMac sites. Source code is included (of course) so you will need a C compiler to build the programs: * macutil macutil is a collection of utilities for manipulating Macintosh files in MacBinary [see 2.2] or BinHex [see 2.3] format, or over AppleDouble, AUFS, or CAP servers. As of (8/92), macutil includes three programs: o hexbin - a program to convert BinHex 4.0 to MacBinary; it also converts uuencode (and UULite) files to their native binary format; support for .dl, .hex, and .hcx formats (all predecessors of BinHex 4.0) also exists o macsave - a MacBinary filter program to convert between various MacBinary representations, including a single .bin file, three separate .data, .rsrc, .info files, and AUFS format. macsave also allows one to "peek" inside MacBinary files o macunpack - a program to unpack PackIt, StuffIt, Diamond, Compactor/Compact Pro, most StuffIt Classic and StuffIt Deluxe, DiskDoubler, Zoom and LHarc/MacLHa archives. It also decodes BinHex 5.0, MacBinary, uuencode, and Unix compress (ie: .Z suffix) files (as well as variants of compress implemented by various Macintosh compress programs). Support for password protected and/or multi-segment archives of various types is minimal or non-existent. The various authors of the macutil utilities are too numerous to list here; consult the README files that come with the package for the details. * mcvert mcvert allows you to convert BinHex files to MacBinary files and vice versa. In addition, you can create MacBinary files with empty resource forks from normal files, as well as perform other transformations. mcvert can also decode PackIt archives. mcvert was originally written in 1987 by Doug Moore; since 1989, mcvert has been independently updated by volunteers who have also posted their source. There are some known minor bugs with some of the earlier versions mcvert; for example, mcvert 1.65 fails to decode BinHex files that end with a single colon, ':', on the last line. On the other hand, many people have had difficulties compiling later versions on non Sun-like Unix systems. mcvert needs an official author to avoid confusion with independently derived versions. Volunteers can contact the editor of this FAQ to coordinate their efforts. ------------------------------------ [6.6] How can I create LaserWriter PostScript printer files and print them on an PostScript printer connected to a Unix network? First, make sure there is no way you can find a Macintosh connected to a LaserWriter which you can use to print your document normally. If this definitely is not an option, determine whether 'macps' is installed on your Unix system. If 'macps' is not installed on your system, get the latest version from an InfoMac archive (look for it in the Unix sections) and follow the included directions to install it. You may need the assistance of your site's system administrator. 'macps' is a Unix program that prepends a modified LaserPrep file to a PostScript file created by a Macintosh application (such as Microsoft Word). The result can be spooled directly to a PostScript printer. To generate the PostScript on your Macintosh, make sure the appropriate LaserWriter Chooser item is selected in the Chooser. Print your document using the normal print option of your application. On System 7 systems, click the "PostScript File" radio button when the standard Printer Manager dialog box is displayed. On pre-system 7 systems, hold down Command-F immediately _after_ clicking on OK in the dialog box; timing is crucial here --- Apple obviously did not originally intend users to take advantage of this "feature" (see note below). If you are running System 7, you will be prompted to select the destination folder and name for the PostScript file. Otherwise, it will be named "PostScript' (or 'PostScript#' where '#' is a digit) and placed either in the System folder, the application's current folder, or the root folder on the startup disk. You may rename the file. Upload (or otherwise transfer) the PostScript file to your Unix system, treating it as a text file, unless you are including graphics or fonts in your output (in which case you should be safe and take the extra steps and treat the file as an eight-bit binary file). Then, use 'macps' to spool the file to your printer. For example, if you had named the PostScript file 'report.ps' and normally print files on Unix with the command 'lpr -Pryon', you would issue the command: % macps report.ps | lpr -Pryon This will print the file on your Unix printer. The documentation included with 'macps' includes a man page that provides more information on the process. 'macps' was written by Edward Moy and is copyrighted by the Regents of the University of California. It can be freely distributed; check its ReadMe file for details. Note: Under System 7, _all_ fonts (including information needed to decode TrueType fonts if you use any TrueType fonts) you use your document are included in the PostScript file. As a result, even the smallest documents can produce very large (hundreds of kilobytes) PostScript files. If the fonts you use in your document are automatically downloaded to the laser printer you will be using to print, you can significantly reduce the size of your PostScript file (and thus save time transmitting) by removing the font definitions. You can do this manually, but it is safer to use a utility, such as Trimmer, StripFonts, or the DMM-LW utilities (which includes other capabilities as well), all available at InfoMac sites. Note: If you are a pre-System 7 user, you are encouraged to read the file tips/generating-postscript at InfoMac archives. This file gives explicit directions for generating PostScript files using pre-System 7 machines and also describes how to enable a check box in the LaserWriter Dialog box that allows you to redirect the PostScript output to a file without having to type Command-F or Command-K. Archive-name: macintosh/comm-faq/part2 Last-modified: Thu Oct 29 1992 ================================================================================ [3] Macintosh File-transfers ------------------------------------------ [3.1] What program(s) do(es) Kermit, FTP (client), and/or X,Y,Z-Modem and where can I get it? The following programs are the more popular free, shareware, and payware terminal and file-transfer programs currently available (Last revised: 9/92). GT: GrafTerm, $50 shareware, Infrastructure Software MK: MacKermit, free, source code is available, fdc@watsun.cc.columbia.edu ML: MacLayers, free, UNIX source included, David W. Trissel layers@rascal.ics.utexas.edu MP: Microphone II, $175, cheaper sidegrades often available, Software Ventures Corporation, (510) 6441325, microphone@svcdudes.com PT: PacerTerm, $159, Pacer Software, (619) 454-0565, support@pacersoft.com QV: QVT, $50 shareware, QPC Software SC: Smartcom II, $84, $59 upgrade from Smartcom, Hayes, (404) 441-1617, BBS: 800-US-HAYES TM: Term, free, Peter DeCamillo and Jon Gilbert cmsmaint@brownvm.brown.edu TL: Terminal, free, source code included, Erny Tontlinger 73720.2200@compuserve.com TR: Termulator, $25 shareware, Brad Quick TY: Termy, free, Ice Engineering, termy@ice.com VP: VersaTerm Pro, $177, Synergy Software, (215) 779-0522, D2296@applelink.apple.com VT: VersaTerm, $90, Synergy Software, (215) 779-0522 D2296@applelink.apple.com WK: White Knight, $85, Freesoft, (412) 846-2700 ZT: ZTerm, $30 shareware, $40 with disk, Dave Alverson, davea@tso.uc.edu CM: Comet, free, Kevin Eric Saunders saunders@nmc.cit.cornell.edu or comet-comments@nmc.cit.cornell.edu FTP from comet.cit.cornell.edu or ftp.cit.cornell.edu The archive sites described in the Appendix are the best place to look for free or shareware file-transfer programs. Other commercial but non-shareware ("payware") products must be purchased from a dealer. Table 3.1.1 summarizes file transfer capabilities of various Macintosh telecommunications programs. Programs: ZT SC MP MK VT VP WK TR PT GT ML QV TM TL TY CM -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Protocols | __________| Xmodem | X X X X X X X X X X X X Ymodem | X X X X X X X X ZModem | X X X X X X X Kermit | X X X X X X X X QuickB | X X X X B Plus | X X FTP | X X X TFTP | X rmac/wmac | X Flash | X FT3270 | X CTB | X X X X Table 3.1.1 Table 3.1.2 summarizes the terminal-emulation capabilities of various Macintosh telecommunications programs: Programs: ZT SC MP MK VT VP WK TR PT GT ML QV TM TL TY CM -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Terminals | __________| TTY | X X X X X X X VT52 | X X X X VT100 | X X X X X X X X X X X X VT102 | X X X X X X X X VT220 | X X X X X VT320 | X X X PC/ANSI | X X X IBM3270 | X X X Tek 4010 | X X X Tek 4014 | X X X Tek 4105/7| X TVI950 | X DG210/211 | X X Prestel | X Controls | X X X CTB | X X Table 3.1.2 Table 3.1.3 summarizes the scripting capabilities of various Macintosh telecommunications programs: Programs: ZT SC MP MK VT VP WK TR PT GT ML QV TM TL TY CM -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scripting | __________| Recording | X X X X If/Else | X X X X X X Loops | X X X X X XCMDs | X X X X FileOps | X X X X Arithmetic| X X X X X Variables | X X X X X X X User Input| X X X X Key Remaps| X X X X Arrays | X X X Table 3.1.3 [3.2] What is the latest version of ZTerm? ZTerm is currently at revision level 0.9. Other released versions were 0.7, 0.75 and 0.8, and 0.85. A "fake" version 1.0 of ZTerm circulated briefly in the past. This was a doctored version of 0.85. -------------------------------------- [3.3] What is the Communications Toolbox (CTB)? The Communications Toolbox is a Macintosh operating system interface that provides a standard interface for programmers writing communications programs. Rather than make calls to control the modem serial port, for example, a programmer can call an equivalent CTB routine. This allows the operating system to manage the serial port(s) just like any other limited resource. In addition, specific "tools" that interface with modems, provide terminal emulation, or handle file transferring can be implemented as external add-on features to CTB-aware programs. The CTB requires System 6.0.4 or later. The CTB is built into System 7. Tools can be added by placing them in the Extensions folder; rebooting is not necessary. Under System 6.0.X, CTB tools belong in the Communications folder. ------------------------------------------- [3.4] Are there any shareware or freeware tools that support Kermit, and/or X,Y,Z-Modem? Termy 1.0, freeware from Ice Engineering, is the only CTB-aware application that can be obtained via anonymous FTP. Termy has no built-in support for any connection methods, file transfer protocols, or terminal emulation, so you will need to obtain Communication Toolbox tools for each of these. Several modem Connection tools are available from the various FTP sites. These include the Apple Modem Tool 1.11, the Hayes Modem Tool 1.02, the CCL Modem Tool 1.0, and the Zoom Modem Tool 1.11. Just recently, Glenn Howes released his free Kermit CTB tool Kermit Tool GH; it includes support for MacBinary, RLE compression, and other features. The Basic Connection Tools Disk is available from ftp.apple.com as /dts/mac/sys.soft/netcomm/basic-conn-set-1-1-image.hqx . You will need DiskCopy or MountImage to decode the image file. This disk includes VT102 and TTY terminal tools, XModem and Text File Transfer tools, and Modem, Serial, and Appletalk Connection tools (10/92). Advanced Software Concepts has demonstration versions of several CTB tools at InfoMac sites in the demo directory. Demo versions of a TCP/IP Connection tool, an FTP File Transfer tool, as well as VT420, IBM3270, and IBM5250 Terminal tools are being distributed (10/92). New free and shareware CTB tools inevitably get posted to Info- Mac where they appear in the info-mac/comm directory and also to mac.archive.umich.edu in mac/system.extensions/commtoolbox. As of 10/92, there are *NO* free or shareware Ymodem, Zmodem, or FTP File Transfer tools, *NO* free Tektronix, 3270, or VT320 Terminal Tools, and *NO* free Telnet or SLIP Connection Tools. There is no point in posting frequent queries on the subject, so please don't. There are, however, a number of available *payware* tools that provide various levels of functionality: o Microphone II 4.01 should soon (9/92) include a Telnet tool. Contact Software Ventures for your free upgrade. o PacerTerm ships with a broad collection of tools, including: Xmodem, Zmodem, Kermit, and FTP file transfer tools; Telnet, LAT, ADSP, and serial connection tools; and TTY, VT102, and VT320 terminal tools. o Seaquest Software has released XModem, YModem, and Kermit file transfer tools. You can contact the company at the following address or see the e-mail contacts in the Vendor Info appendix: Pete Mackie [USA] (503) 531-0252 Seaquest Software [USA] (503) 629-8442 {FAX} 4200 N.W. Columbia Ave. Portland, OR 97229 o Versaterm and Versaterm Pro include FTP client and server file transfer tools and Telnet, LAT, SLIP, and ADSP connection tools. --------------------------------------- [3.5] How can I transfer Macintosh files to/from my Macintosh and other non-Macintosh computers (eg: mainframes, Unix boxes, PCs)? If your telecommunication program supports MacBinary (they almost all do), turn MacBinary on. This usually involves selecting a menu option or clicking a radio button in a 'preferences' type dialog box. Then, transfer your file normally. Your Macintosh file will be sent as a MacBinary file that can be treated as an ordinary binary file. If your telecommunication program does not support MacBinary, get a copy of the MacBinary program and use it to make a MacBinary version of your Macintosh file. Then send this MacBinary file. Meanwhile, look around at the various shareware and commercial telecommunications programs that do support Macbinary. See [3.1]. Note: Not all files need to be transferred as MacBinary files. In particular, most text and non-Macintosh specific binary files (like GIF/JPEG images) do not. See [2.2] for more information. To actually "download" a file (eg: transfer it from a remote host computer to your Macintosh), you must first instruct the remote computer to send the file by issuing a command. For example, to download a file from a Unix machine using Xmodem, you would first have to give a command similar to: % sx filename where 'sx' is the local Unix program to send a file using Xmodem and 'filename' is the name of the file you wish to send. Then, locally, you must start the file transfer by typically choosing a menu option in your terminal program. The process is similar for Kermit transfers. Terminal programs that support Zmodem should recognize the start of a Zmodem download automatically. Note: Not all systems are alike. The command to start Xmodem may not necessarily be 'sx'; another possibility is 'xmodem'. Ask your local system administrator if you cannot find the right program; most sites support something. Also, see the listing below. To upload, first issue the appropriate receive command on the remote host computer; then, select the local send option in your terminal program. Good Zmodem packages can start the remote file transfer automatically. If you experience multiple CRC errors when downloading with Zmodem, especially after backgrounding the download, try sending your file using a fixed window size, eg: 'sz -w 1024 filename'. If errors persist, also try escaping control characters, eg: 'sz -ew 1024 filename'. Depending on your setup, you may be able to use a larger window size (eg: use 4096 or 2048 instead of 1024) which can slightly reduce transfer time. Typical Unix programs that support transfering files via a serial (modem) link: Kermit Xmodem Ymodem Zmodem ------- ------ ------ ------ kermit sx sb sz ckermit xmodem If you are trying to transfer a lot of information between a Macintosh and an MS-DOS PC, and your Macintosh has an FDHD disk drive (also known as a SuperDrive), using Apple File Exchange, or any of the various shareware and payware programs that allow you to access (or even mount) MS-DOS formatted 3.5" HD diskettes, can greatly speed up the transferring process. Apple File Exchange even provides for automatic translation of certain types of files. --------------------------------------- [3.6] What's the best compression program to use when uploading files to an archive or BBS? Are there any other guidelines I should follow? Best Compression: As of (9/92), there is no specific answer to this question. StuffIt Lite 3.0 and Compact Pro 1.33 both have loyal users who insist that one is just a little bit faster or provides better compression performance than the other. Previous to the introduction of StuffIt Lite 3.0, most people agreed that Compact Pro was the easiest to use and gave the best performance. Now, it appears that StuffIt Lite 3.0 gives better compression performance overall. I suggest you try using both and choose the one you like best. Note that StuffIt 1.5.1 and Stuffit Classic are *not* the same as, nor as good as, StuffIt Lite 3.0. Posting Macintosh Programs: You should use either Compact Pro or StuffIt Lite 3.0 to compress Macintosh files you send to an anonymous FTP site or BBS. Do not post PackIt, Disk Doubler, SuperDisk, Zip, or any other type of archive (including self-extracting archives -- see below). Compact Pro and Stuffit Lite 3.0 have evolved as the standard archive formats for posting Macintosh files for good reasons. Regardless of which archiver you use, PLEASE DO NOT MAKE AN AN ARCHIVE YOU ARE POSTING SELF-EXTRACTING! The extra code added to the file to make it self-extracting is NOT insignificant in size. The convenience of self-extracting archives is not worth the space they waste at anonymous-FTP sites and BBS's (where literally thousands of compressed files are stored). Self- extracting archives are useful in other contexts, but should be discouraged as a medium for posting to archives. Also, don't rely on the archive maintainer having the time to extract your self-extracting post and re-archiving it; these volunteers are simply too busy to take on this additional burden. Try to avoid using strange punctuation marks in filenames that you upload. Characters such as exclamation points, spaces, dollar signs, etc, are legal characters in Macintosh filenames but can be difficult to work with on non-Macintosh systems (where most Macintosh archives are stored). Since BinHex and MacBinary store your original Macintosh filename, removing strange characters from a BinHex'd or MacBinary'd file before uploading will not affect the original filename. Thanks for complying with these guidelines. ------------------------------------ [3.7] How can I use the programs that are posted to comp.binaries.mac? The files posted to comp.binaries.mac are in BinHex 4.0 format. Long files are split into several postings that must be concatenated IN THE PROPER ORDER (and usually with headers and signatures removed) before converting. First, read the man page or other documentation for your newsreader. A little time spent here can save you a lot of time doing repetitive tedious work later. Find out how to save an article to a file. Next, save all the posted articles for a given program posted to comp.binaries.mac to a single file. Don't combine postings that are for different programs, but do save multi-part postings to the same file, in increasing order of part number. For example, if you are using the Unix newsreaders 'rn', 'trn', or something similar: ***** 15 unread articles in comp.binaries.mac--read now? [=ynq] 2761 Great Icon Editor (part 1 of 2) 2762 Great Icon Editor (part 2 of 2) 2764 Hypercard Resource Tools 2765 Idea 1.2 (part 01 of 11) 2766 Idea 1.2 (part 02 of 11) 2767 Idea 1.2 (part 03 of 11) 2768 Idea 1.2 (part 04 of 11) 2769 Idea 1.2 (part 05 of 11) 2770 Idea 1.2 (part 06 of 11) 2771 Idea 1.2 (part 07 of 11) 2772 Idea 1.2 (part 08 of 11) 2773 Idea 1.2 (part 09 of 11) 2774 Idea 1.2 (part 10 of 11) 2775 Idea 1.2 (part 11 of 11) What next? [npq] 2761 s iconeditor.hqx 2761 Saved to mailbox /u/joe/News/iconeditor.hqx What next? [npq] 2762 s iconeditor.hqx 2762 Saved to mailbox /u/joe/News/iconeditor.hqx At this point, download the file "iconeditor.hqx" (it will be automatically placed in your "News" directory) to your Macintosh and use a text editor to remove all Usenet headers and signature data. Then use a program like BinHex 4.0, Compact Pro, or StuffIt to convert the .hqx file to a Macintosh file. Alternatively, you can avoid removing headers, etc, and use DeHqx to convert the .hqx file, which has other useful features (such as batch processing). The Macintosh file you create may in fact be an archive that you then need to unarchive with the appropriate program. See the list of file suffixes to determine which program(s) to use. Note: You can streamline the process by: --> using the Unix program 'mcvert' or 'hexbin' (see [6.5]) to convert the .hqx file to a MacBinary file on your Unix host. Since the .hqx file is usually 30% to 40% larger than the MacBinary file, this saves download time. These utilities are also smart enough to handle stripping headers and signatures, although you must still save the postings in the proper order. --> using one of the many utilities that exist to reorder postings automatically before you convert them from BinHex --> learning enough about your newsreader program to save more than one article at once in a particular order --> checking out the program DeHqx ================================================================================ [4] Introduction to AppleTalk (and Remote AppleTalk) ---------------------------------- [4.1] What kind of hardware do I need to set up an LocalTalk network? Be sure you have read section [5] and understand the difference between LocalTalk and PhoneNet. Setting up an AppleTalk network based on either LocalTalk or PhoneNet requires purchasing a box that connects to your Macintosh's serial (printer) port with the appropriate mini DIN-8 or DB-9 connector and provides, in the case of LocalTalk, two mini DIN-8 connectors for Apple's (expensive) multiwire AppleTalk cables, or, in the case of the less expensive PhoneNet, two standard RJ11 (modular telephone) jacks. Both boxes look similar to Figure 4.1.1. ................. to/from <------>| | rest of | |<--------> to Macintosh or network <------>|.................| printer Figure 4.1.1 Computers and printers should be connected serially; that is, chain the devices in any convenient order, with either a single AppleTalk cable (LocalTalk network) or telephone cable (PhoneNet network) connecting neighboring machines. Do *not* connect the ends of a LocalTalk or PhoneNet network --- this is not a ring (eg: TokenRing) network. It should be noted that Apple is "strongly encouraging" new AppleTalk networks to be Ethernet-based. -------------------------------------- [4.2] How can I change the Chooser "user" and name of my Macintosh? Also: Why can I no longer change the name of my hard-disk? To change the owner and name of your Macintosh under System 7, select "Controls Panels" from the Apple Menu and double-click on the "Sharing Setup" Control Panel. The Chooser "user" is the "Owner name:". Change it like any standard edit field. The name of your Macintosh is the "Macintosh name:". Also on this Control Panel is a button to turn File Sharing on and off. When File Sharing is on, you cannot change the name of shared disks. If you are trying to change the name of your hard disk but cannot get the name to turn into an edit field, File Sharing is probably on. Use the Sharing Setup Control Panel to turn File Sharing off, change your hard disk name, and then turn File Sharing back on (unless you have no need for it). ------------------------------------- [4.3] What is AppleTalk Remote Access ? Apple's AppleTalk Remote Access is a software package that allows you to dial-in to an AppleTalk network (or to create an AppleTalk network between two Macintoshes via dial-up modems) from a remote Macintosh. Remote Access requires at minimum: o a Macintosh (possibly connected to an AppleTalk network) designated as the host with a dedicated high speed modem o one or more remote Macintoshes with modems o a phone line connecting the host Macintosh with the remote Macintosh o copies of the Remote Access software running on the designated host as well as on all remote machines Once configured, connecting the remote machine to the AppleTalk network is as simple as clicking a button. Modem control is handled automatically (assuming one of the many included modem scripts works with your modem; see [4.4]). Passwords and call- back facilities are provided. Once connected, the remote machine can use the AppleTalk network normally. One can print remotely, send messages, access remote filesystems, monitor network traffic, etc. Throughput, even when using 9600 baud modems, will be significantly lower than through a LocalTalk or PhoneNet connection; however, except for program launching and file copies, the added delay is small. You CAN use slower 2400 baud modems, including the internal Powerbook modems, but you will probably not enjoy the experience. ------------------------------------ [4.4] Where can I get a Remote Access script for my modem? If none of the (many) included modem scripts work with your modem, try: o searching the InfoMac archives for a script for your modem; several scripts have been posted recently o making a copy of the script that works best with your modem (the scripts are in the Extensions Folder which is in the Systems Folder), opening it up with a text editor, and experimenting; this assumes you have a copy of your modem's manual and know the basics about the Hayes command set. If you are succesful, post your script so others can benefit! Archive-name: macintosh/comm-faq/part4 Last-modified: Thu Oct 29 1992 ================================================================================ [7] Sending and receiving Mail and Usenet News with your Macintosh ------------------------------------ [7.1] How can I send/receive Internet mail with my Macintosh? There are a variety of ways to do this depending primarily on how you connect your Macintosh to the rest of the world. The most popular and practical methods are summarized below: Note: Methods of sending and receiving e-mail that are specific to A/UX are not discussed; see the FAQ for comp.unix.aux. * UUCP Perhaps the most practical way to interact with Usenet for most is to use UUCP (Unix-to-Unix-Copy). UUCP is a protocol intended to be used to transfer files between Unix machines over telephone lines. Various UUCP programs exist for the Macintosh, from freeware to shareware to payware. In addition to the UUCP software, you must find a host machine connected to the Internet (or equivalent) that is willing to send and receive your e-mail (and news, if you wish [see 7.2]). There are commericial services that provide this capability in various regions of the country. Once you have identified such a machine, you need to register your site with a unique name in the UUCP maps. -> Mac/gnuucp is a port of the GNU UUCP sources to the Macintosh. Sources are included. The interface uses the standard Think C command-line substitute. A Hypercard mail reader is provided. Usable, but not recommended if you intend on transfering a lot of files. -> UUPC 3.0 is a substantially better freeware implementation of the UUCP protocol for the Macintosh. UUPC 3.0 includes support for various flavors of UUCP that provide better performance with high-speed error-correcting modems. Full source code is provided. UUPC 3.0 was implemented by a coalition of programmers led by Dave Platt. Thanks! -> uAccess, a payware product (about $300) from Ice Engineering supports the CTB and can be used to send and receive both e-mail and USENET postings via a UUCP link. See [7.2] for more information. * MacTCP: SMTP, POP SMTP (Simple-Mail-Transfer-Protocol) and POP (Post-Office- Protocol) are two protocols for transfering electronic mail between machines that have a TCP/IP interface or equivalent. Usually, on the Macintosh, such an interface is provided via MacTCP and/or the Communications Toolbox. -> Eudora is one of the best written and most popular free programs available for the Macintosh. Eudora is a complete versatile e-mail package which can send e-mail via SMTP (either through the CTB or a serial connection) and receive e-mail via a POP server. It can also be used with UUPC 3.0 (as a mail reader and message generator, not a transport agent). Eudora can be also used to transfer arbitrary Macintosh files between computers through its BinHex 4.0 attachment features. Many accolades go to the author, Steve Dorner , who continues to support Eudora. As of (7/92), the latest version of Eudora can be FTP'd from ftp.cso.uiuc.edu in mac/eudora. -> LeeMail is a shareware ($10) MacTCP-based SMTP mailer for the Macintosh. LeeMail allows you to send and receive Internet mail directly from your Macintosh --- if you have a fixed IP address (manual addressing). Otherwise, if your Macintosh uses dynamic addressing to determine its IP address, you can use LeeMail to send mail from your Macintosh but should use a different Reply-To address. LeeMail supports various enclosures. Author: Lee Fyock -> TCP/Connect II, from Intercon, includes support for both SMTP and POP based e-mail. * Other: -> Fernmail, a shareware program ($20), can be used as a stand- alone mailer program to read and compose e-mail messages. It can also be used to send e-mail between different users of the same Macintosh but has no built-in facility to transfer messages between machines. It is most useful as a front-end for UUCP mailers that lack a sophisticated mail management program. Author: Dave Platt ------------------------------------- [7.2] How can I read/post Usenet news with my Macintosh? Again, the various options depend primarily on how your Macintosh is connected to Usenet. The various ways to connect your Macintosh to outside networks are summarized elsewhere in this FAQ. What follows is a brief description of the more popular software packages, according to connection method. Note: Methods of sending and receiving news that are specific to A/UX are not discussed; see comp.unix.aux instead. * UUCP -> uAccess, a commericial product (about $300) from Ice Engineering (and the product from which uATerm and Termy were derived) is a well-designed product that works well enough to allow you to use your Macintosh as a Usenet node (if you have enough disk space). uAccess supports the CTB and comes with a terminal emulator. It was reviewed in the July, 1992 issue of _UnixWorld_. * MacTCP - NNTP Most (if not all) MacTCP-based newsreaders for the Macintosh will require access to a NNTP news server. NNTP (Net News Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used to transfer articles between a central news server and many client machines over TCP/IP or a serial link. -> NewsWatcher is a free MacTCP-based NNTP news client. It supports a graphical "point and click" interface for browsing and reading news. The program was featured in Apple's technical "d e v e l o p" magazine (#6) with source; you can also FTP the source from ftp.apple.com. The application itself is available at other archives. Contact: send e-mail to Note: An *early* *development* version of the next release of Newswatcher has been made available for anonymous FTP at ftp.acns.nwu.edu [129.105.113.52] in the directory pub/newswatcher. IF YOU FTP THIS, PLEASE READ THE ACCOMPANYING README FILE FOR IMPORTANT INFORMATION. John appreciates hearing bug reports, but he is also being beseiged by e-mail; don't forget that NewsWatcher is being supported and extended by a group of volunteers. -> Nuntius is a thread-based, MacTCP-based NNTP news reader with a graphical Finder-like user interface. It is actively supported by its author. Author: Peter Speck -> TheNews is a shareware ($25) MacTCP-based NNTP news reader. You can respond to articles via a local SMTP server also. Author: Bill Cramer <70322.3412@compuserve.com> -> TCP/Connect II, from Intercon, includes an NNTP based news reader, as well as e-mail (and other) facilities. * Serial - NNTP --> NetFeed is a NNTP newsreader designed to communicate with a NNTP server via modem. It includes an article reader and a simple scripting language to facilitate dialing the modem. NetFeed is shareware, but the authors seem to only ask for a postcard if you use their software. Authors: Bill Burns Brad Boyer ================================================================================ [8] Miscellaneous ----------------------------------- [8.1] I don't have FTP --- How can I access the Macintosh FTP archives through e-mail? First, look in the Appendix of this FAQ. Descriptions on how to access mailservers that mirror the InfoMac archives are provided there. For more general help on accessing FTP sites through e-mail, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu and include a line containing "send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources" in the message body. You will be mailed instructions on how to use FTP sites via e-mail. ================================================================================ Appendix [A] List of Common File Suffixes and Abbreviations Suffix Description ------- ------------------------------------------------------ .bin MacBinary files; see [2.2] .cpt Compact Pro archive files; see [3.6] .dd DiskDoubler archive files; see [3.6] .gif Compuserve Graphics Interchange File; .hqx BinHex files; see [2.3], [3.7] .image Apple DiskCopy disk image file; see [2.5] .sea Self-extracting archive files .shar Unix shell archive file .sit StuffIt archive files; [see 3.6] .uu Unix uuencoded files; see [2.3] .Z Unix 'compress' archive file .zip MS-DOS PC archive file Abbrev- iation Description ------- ------------------------------------------------------ A/UX Apple Unix ADB Apple Desktop Bus AFE Apple File Exchange ARA AppleTalk Remote Access bps bits per second csmc comp.sys.mac.comm CTB Communications Tool Box CTS Clear-To-Send DSR Data-Set-Ready DTR Data-Terminal-Ready FTP File Transfer Protocol IP Internet Protocol LAP Link Acess Protocol MNP Microcom Networking Protocol NNTP Net News Transfer Protocol RTS Request-To-Send SID Sound Input Device SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol uw Unix Windows [B] List of Macintosh archive sites available through the Internet All shareware or freeware programs described in this FAQ are available from one of the many archives that mirror the InfoMac archives at sumex and at other Macintosh FTP sites described below. Of course, since almost all files are distributed in BinHex format, the first program you need to get hold of is "BinHex 4.0" or one of the programs described in [2.3] that has the capability to decode BinHex files. If you have FTP access, try to FTP the file info-mac/util/binhex4.bin from sumex-aim.stanford.edu with 'binary' mode set (issue the command 'binary' to the FTP server). This file is a MacBinary version of BinHex 4.0. If you don't have a binary- capable FTP, or if you forget to use binary, you will get a corrupted file when you transfer the file to your Mac. If you don't have FTP access or binary FTP doesn't seem to work for you, try to friend who has BinHex 4.0 (or equivalent) on a disk that you can copy. Or, if you have a Pascal compiler handy, you can download the Pascal source from sumex and compile it. But your best bet is to ask around. Unless otherwise indicated, the following FTP sites are all anonymous FTP sites available through the Internet. Logon as "anonymous" and give your e-mail address as the password. Remember that the use of anonymous FTP at these sites is a privelege, not a right, so please act accordingly. Type 'ls' to get a directory listing. Use the command 'cd' followed by a directory name to move to a specific directory. USe the command 'cd ..' to move back "up" to the previous directory. Issue the command 'binary' to change to FTP BINARY mode. Give the command 'get' followed by a filename to retrieve a specific file. Sites are grouped by geographical location. North American users are strongly encouraged to use the North American sites. Practically everything found on other continents can also be found somewhere in North America. Similarly, non-North American users are advised to check out their local sites first. Ftp.apple.com is the notable exception. NORTH AMERICA: ** ftp.apple.com ** This FTP site is maintained by Apple. You can FTP System 7, TuneUp, various Developer Technical Support items (including all the Tech Notes), QuickTime, and much more. You will need the Apple DiskCopy program (available online) to make floppy-disk versions of the disk images. ** mac.archive.umich.edu ** (141.211.182.23) University of Michigan's Macintosh Public Domain and Shareware Archive. All files are in the mac directory (mac.bin is a directory useful only to local University of Michigan users). Has lots of Macintosh files that don't seem to be available anywhere else. Announcement of recent additions to the archives are routinely seen in comp.sys.mac.apps. Read the file '00introduction' for details on submitting. ** microlib.cc.utexas.edu ** The University of Texas Computation Center maintains a large and useful Macintosh archive in microlib/mac (Archives for other personal computers are also available here). Submissions can be e-mailed (in BinHex form) to macgifts@mac.archive.umich.edu (which are then rebroadcasted elsewhere; this is the easiest way to distribute public-domain or shareware stuff throughout the Internet). ** sumex-aim.stanford.edu ** (36.44.0.6) The Macintosh Archive site. This site is heavily used and has anonymous FTP connections limited during local working hours, so you are STRONGLY encouraged to use one of the many sites which mirror the sumex archives. All Macintosh files are stored in the directory info-mac in a tree structure by generic file type. You should read the file in the help subdirectory called 'posting-guidelines.txt' for details on submitting files to the archive. ** wuarchive.wustl.edu ** (128.252.135.4) Washington University maintains a mirror archive of sumex-aim and also mac.archive.umich.edu (among others). Look in mirrors/infomac and mirrors/archive.umich.edu respectively. This site is also useful for other reasons and can be mounted via NFS (see the README files in the top level). If you don't have FTP access, you can access the sumex-aim InfoMac archives by using the LISTSERVer at Rice University in Houston, TX. For example, to retrieve the file UTIL/CPT-EXPAND-10.HQX, send a message containing the line "$macarch get UTIL/CPT-EXPAND-10.HQX" to listserv@ricevm1.rice.edu. Unix users may also find the following script useful: #!/bin/csh -f # macarch.get if test $# -ne 1 then echo Usage: $0 archive-name-of-file-to-retrieve exit 1 fi echo \$macarch GET $1 | mail LISTSERV@ricevm1.rice.edu The files HELP/ALL-FILES.TXT, HELP/ACCESSING-FILES.TXT, and other files in the HELP hierarchy are useful files to try retrieving initially. EUROPE: ** ftp.funet.fi ** (128.214.6.100) The Finnish University and Research network (FUNET) archive site. Macintosh files are in pub/mac. Read the README file in the top level, especially if you are FTP-ing "long distance". ** nic.switch.ch ** (130.59.1.40) The Swiss Academic and Research Network (SWITCH) maintains an info-mac mirror on nic.switch.ch. Files are in the directory /mirror/info-mac and are updated daily. ** src.doc.ic.ac.uk ** (146.169.2.1) Archive site maintained by UKUUG Software Distribution Service, Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK. Macintosh files are in directory mac. Mirrors of sumex-aim.stanford.edu and mac.archive.umich.edu are in mac/sumex and mac/umich respectively. Some files are compressed using Unix compress (.Z); see the README file. ** irisa.irisa.fr ** (131.254.254.3) Archive site maintained by Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systemes Aleatoires in Rennes, Brittany, France. This site maintains an archive of various comp.binaries.* group, including comp.binaries.mac. Files are in News/comp.binaries.mac. Warning: Files in this directory are numbered and numerous so avoid asking for a directory listing; that is, don't type 'ls' or 'dir'. Rather, change to this directory and download the file 'index' which maps the "Subject:" line to a number which you can then 'get'. If you don't have FTP access, you can access the InfoMac archives by sending e-mail to the mirror archive kept on fileserv@irlearn.ucd.ie. Files must be requested by their (14 digit) number, so first send a message containing only the line "get macfile listing" for a full index, or ask for the most recent additions by sending "index newmac". AUSTRALIA: ** archie.au ** (139.130.4.6) AARNet Archive Server, Melbourne, Australia. Macintosh files are in pub/micros/mac. This site also mirrors sumex-aim.stanford.edu; look in pub/micros/mac/infomac. JAPAN: ** utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp ** (133.11.11.11) University of Tokyo archive site. Macintosh files are in pub/Mac. This site also mirrors info-mac at sumex-aim.stanford.edu; check the pub/Mac/info-mac directory. [C] Vendor Information These vendors are either mentioned in this FAQ or provide products relating to Macintosh networking. Neither the editor of this list nor any of the contributors necessarily endorse any of the vendors or their products. The following information is provided for your convenience only. It was compiled from sources obtained from Usenet. Please bring any errors or additions to the attention of the editor. Vendor Contact Methods: --------------------------------------- -------------------------------- Advanced Software Concepts e-mail: adv.soft@applelink.apple.com anonymous FTP at 192.70.34.153 Alverson Software e-mail: davea@tso.uc.edu Apple Developers Association (APDA) [USA] (408) 974 4667 e-mail: APDA@applelink.apple.com MacTCP orders and information: [USA] (800) 282-2732 [USA] (408) 562-3971 {FAX} [CANADA] (800) 637-0029 [WORD] 562-3910 Cayman Systems [USA] (800) 473 4776 e-mail: info@cayman.com e-mail: sales@cayman.com anonymous FTP at ftp.cayman.com Compatible Systems [USA] (800) 356 0283 e-mail: support@compatible.com anonymous FTP at ftp.compatible.com Freesoft [USA] (412) 846-2700 Global Village [USA] (415) 390-8300 e-mail: GLOBALVILLAG@applelink.apple.com America Online: GlobalVill CompuServe: 75300,3473 Hayes [USA] (404) 441-1617 [CANADA] (519) 746-5000 [USA/CANADA] (800) US-HAYES {BBS} [USA/CANADA] (404) HI-MODEM {BBS} [UK] 081-848-1858 [UK] 081-569-1774 {BBS} [HK] 852-887-1037 Hyde Park Software (TriSoft) [USA] (800) 531-5170 e-mail: info@hydepark.com ICE Engineering, Inc. [USA] (313) 449-8288 e-mail: info@ice.com e-mail: time@ice.com Intercon Systems [USA] (703) 709-9890 e-mail: sales@intercon.com Pacer Software [USA] (619) 454-0565 e-mail: support@pacersoft.com Seaquest Software [USA] (503) 531-0252 e-mail: seaquest1@aol.com e-mail: peterm@cs.pdx.edu CompuServe: 73217,3460 America Online: Seaquest1 Shiva [USA] (800) 458-3550 [USA] (617) 621-0190 {BBS} e-mail: info@shiva.com e-mail: sales@shiva.com e-mail: support@shiva.com anonymous FTP at ftp.shiva.com Smartcom (Hayes) [USA] (404) 441-1617 [USA] (800) US-HAYES (BBS) Software Ventures Corporation [USA] (510) 644-1325 e-mail: microphone@svcdudes.com Synergy Software [USA] (215) 779-0522 Webster Computer Corp. [AUSTRALIA] 61 3 764 1100 White Pine Software [USA] (603) 886-9050 [D] Contributors The editor of this FAQ would like to graciously thank all of the following individuals who have contributed in some form or another to the answers provided above, and to the many others who have encouraged and corrected me along the way. Dave Alverson (ZTerm, Powerbooks) Jack Brindle (BinHex, MacBinary) Eric Behr (MacTCP) Josh Cole (Networking, MacTCP, AppleDouble) Bill Coleman (Smartcom) Steve Dorner (Eudora, SLIP) Don Gilbert (SLIP) Tom Gewecke (European E-Mail, Archives) Elliotte Rusty Harold (General, File Transfer Programs) Greg Kilcup (MacX, SLIP, CSLIP, PPP) Andy Y. A. Kuo (Networking) Peter N Lewis (General, FTPd) Leonard Rosenthol (StuffIt) Kevin Eric Saunders (Comet) Eric P. Scott (General) Jon L. Spear (General, Baud Etymology) Werner Uhrig (Official Archive Site Maintainer) Rick Watson (MacSLIP) sbb@panix.com (Versaterm) ================================================================================ .