Perfective Past Intransitive

A. Read the following sentences.

É. hu& hSyo I laughed. (Male speaker.)

Ê. hu& hsI. I laughed. (Female speaker)

Ë. Ame / Aap8e hSya We laughed. (Male speakers.)

Ì. Ame / Aap8e hSya&. We laughed. (Female or male and female speakers.)

Í. tu& hSyo. You (sg.) laughed. (Male listener.)

Î. tu& hsI. You (sg.) laughed. (Female listener.)

Ï. tme hSya&. You (pl.) laughed. (Male listeners.)

Ð. tme hSya& You (pl.) laughed. (Female or male and female listeners.)

Ñ. te hSyo. He laughed. (The person referred to is male.)

ÉÈ. te hsI. She laughed. (The person referred to is female.)

ÉÉ. teAo hSya. They laughed. (The persons referred to are male.)

ÉÊ. teAo hSya&. They laughed. (The persons referred to are female or male and female.)

B. Remember that

    1. The past perfective marker is -y\-.
    2. Subject agrees with verb in gender and number.

C. Exercise: 1

Translate the following.

  1. Lila cried.
  2. Mohan died.
  3. I run. (The speaker is Nayana.)
  4. I fall. (The speaker is Kapil.)
  5. We slept. (The speakers are Sita and Gita.)
  6. We slept. (The speakers are Kantibhai and Nima.)
  7. Ganga wept.
  8. Lata came.
  9. Birds flied.
  10. A snake came.