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Associative Case.

This case expresses social accompaniment. This is comparable to English `with' or `along with' in the sense `I went with him' but not in the sense `I cut it with a knife', where the latter use is instrumental.

The form of this case marker is Ñ×¹ oode or Ñ×¹ oodu. With animate nouns this always means `associative' but with inanimate nouns -oode can be instrumental, e.g. ÀÕ¡øÔØÂÔ×¹ riksaavoode by `rikshaw' instead of ÀÕ¡øÔ¬×Á riksaavle ibid., in other dialects.



Harold_F.Schiffman