<html><head> <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8'> </head><body> <br> <font size=+2><b>abandon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> relinquish; quit a job; leave; give s.t. up<br> <br> <font size=+1>en aNNan aasiriyar veeleye viTTuTTu ippa kaaval tore adihaariyaa veele paakraaru</font> <br> My older brother has abandoned his teaching post and has now joined the police force. <br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> forsake; leave; quit; let go of s.t.; give s.t. up as a lost cause<br> , ?<br> <font size=+1>kaTesile {\d d}aak{\d t}ar ellaarum avane kaiviTTuTTaanga; enna seyya muTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>When all the doctors have abandoned his case, what more is there to be done?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abashed (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuccappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be bashful or shy; be reticent<br> .<br> <font size=+1>meeTeyle eerippeesa konjamum kuuccappaTakuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Students should not feel shy about getting up on the stage and speaking in public.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become reduced; let up, as heat; get lowered, get cooled down<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizahattle ippa veyyilu konjam erangiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The heat wave in Tamilnadu has now abated somewhat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abated (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> be reduced; be lowered; get relieved<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maasam suuTu konjam taNinjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This month, the heat has abated somewhat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be alleviated, be pacified, be allayed<br> .<br> <font size=+1>inda uurle ippa taan tiruTTu payam konjam korenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Fears about theft and burglaries have only recently abated to a certain extent in this area</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> incite; instigate; encourage or assist (an offender or offense).<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasiyalvaadingadaan maaNavangaLe inda pooraaTTatte seyya tuuNTiviTraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>There is nobody other than politicians, aiding and abetting the students who are carrying out this strike</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTandeyaayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be an accessory to; aid and abet<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama keTTa kaariyangaLukku eppavum oTandeyaa irukkakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We should never be in a position of aiding and abetting wrongdoing and bad deeds</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abhor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaru)</font> 6 tr <br> loathe, despise; hate, detest<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru enda kaaraNamum illaame enne aruvarukkraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He seems to absolutely abhor me for no reason at all</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTeppiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> follow; abide by; stick to the letter of<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu vidingaLe kaTe piTiccaa endavidamaana tondaravum varaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If one abides by government rules and regulations, there shouldn't be any problem or trouble</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttukko @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> tolerate; put up with<br> <br> <font size=+1>inimeelum avan seyyura tondarave ennaale poruttukka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I no longer can abide the kind of troubles and problems he creates.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abjure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> quit (a habit); abandon; renounce<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaiccar eppavum tannooTa koLhengaLe konjanguuTa kaiviTamaaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister never abjures his policies or principles</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>able (be able)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iyalu)</font> 1 intr <br> be possible<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa tambiyaale anda veeleye nicciyamaa senju muTikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>My little brother is certainly able to accomplish that task</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) -( )</B> <font size=+1>(muTi-(yum))</font> 3pn + instr <br> be possible, have the ability, wherewithal, stamina, fortitude to do (s.t.); be willing and able to do (s.t.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennaale niinga sonna anda veeleye sariyaa seyya muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I will be able to successfully complete the work that you specified</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiyum)</font> 2b intr + nom <br> be possible to vb., be able to vb.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ade seyya muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I can, am able to do that</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abolish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 6b tr <br> annul, do away with, obliterate, put a stop to<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudire pandayam aaTra saTTatte inda arasu aTiyooTa oziccadu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>One good thing this government has done is to completely abolish horse racing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> discard, oust, terminate; get rid of; put a stop to<br> ' ' <br> <font size=+1>poona nuuttaaNTuledaan sadiingare periya koTumeye indiyaavule niikkunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Only in the 20th century was the heinous crime of "Sati" abolished in India.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 6b tr <br> obliterate, get rid of, put a stop to, shut down<br> <br> <font size=+1>cenneyile naTanduvanda kudirepandayatte pattu varushattukku munnaaTi eppaTiyoo oziccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Ten years ago they managed to abolish the horse racing that was going on in Madras</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuccidevu seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> terminate pregnancy<br> <br> <font size=+1>kamalaa poona maasam karuccidevu senjukiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Kamala underwent an abortion last month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abrade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teey)</font> 2b intr <br> be removed, worn away, rubbed raw; be effaced by rubbing; wear down, erode, scrape away, corrode, eat away at, gnaw away at.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandu naTandu en kaalellaam teeynjiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The skin on my feet has become abraded from walking so much</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abscond ( with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> run away secretly or suddenly (taking s.t.); elope<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda viiTTup poNNu tannooTa kaadalanooTa engeeyoo ooTippoonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The neighbor family's girl absconded with her lover last week</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>absent (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varaame iru)</font> 7 intr <br> fail to be present; fail to show up; absent o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa sneehidan een inge innum varaame irukkraangradu enakku veLangale</font><br> <font size=+1>I am simply not able to understand the reason why my friend is absent</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varalle)</font> 7 intr <br> fail to show up; absent o.s.; be missing<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan neettu varalle</font><br> <font size=+1>he was absent (i.e. didn't come) yesterday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>absorb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take in or imbibe (moisture or liquid)<br> <font size=+1>This cloth will absorb a lot of moisture</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>absorbed (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urinjikko @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> be absorbed, as water in ground<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu maze penjaalum maNNu appaTiyee iiratte urinjiradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The soil is capable of absorbing all the water, no matter how heavy the downpour</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>absorbed, be/become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(onrippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be involved in, become one with, become like s.t.; resonate with, get into s.t., get wrapped up or caught up in; lose o.s. in<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan taan paTiccikiTTirunda naavalooTa appaTiyee onrippoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>he really became absorbed in the novel that he was reading</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abstain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> refrain from, avoid; get rid of<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nii modalle unnooTa kuTi pazakkatte viTu, appadaan nii konjamaavadu uruppaTuve</font><br> <font size=+1>First of all, you need to abstain from drinking--only then will you be able to function as a normal person</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>abuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eesu)</font> 3 tr <br> reproach, insult, scold; revile, vituperate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa tanggecciye rombavum eesunaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother abused her daughter verbally</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> asperse, injure, insult; badmouth, diss<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa naNban yaareyum eppavum tuutta maaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend never insults, abuses, or ridicules anybody, ever</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> scold, revile, chastise severely<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungiTTe veele seyravangaLe aTikkaTi tiTTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not good practice to abuse your co-workers.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(koTumepaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bully; treat cruelly; torture; pick on s.o.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava kaNavan avaLe koTumepaTuttinadunaale ava viiTTe viTTu veLiyeerinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Because her husband abused her, she left the house.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accede (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> attain an office; take office, assume a post<br> . . . <br> <font size=+1>ti.mu.ka. mandiri sabai iNNekki kaaleyile padavi eTuttukiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The D.M.K.Ministry acceded to the oath of office this morning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuttamkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> speak forcefully, emphasize, give greater force, accentuate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleele siikkram ezundu paTipadule engappa aztamkuTuttu peesuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father used to accent (the importance) of waking up early in the morning and studying.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accept</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukko)</font> 4 tr <br> receive, admit, take upon o.s. (an idea, principle, etc. )<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa solrade eettukkradu onakku nalladu seyyum</font><br> <font size=+1>It's to your advantage for you to accept what father says because it'll do you good in the end</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangikkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> get, receive (an object)<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan tara paNatte ippo vaangikkoo. miidiye naan perahu tarreen</font><br> <font size=+1>For now, please accept the money that I'm giving you. I'll give you the rest later on</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukko @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> take for o's own use, admit<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa pustahatte nii onnooTa ubayoohattukkaaha eTuttukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Please accept this book of mine for your own use</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> approve of, agree to<br> . <br> <font size=+1>appaa solrade eettukkoo. adu pinnaaTi onakku odeviyaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>if you accept now what father recommends, you'll be better off in the future</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accept as</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pettukko @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> accede to an estate, inherit<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ide ennooTa parisaa vaangikkaNum appaTiNNu avaru enkiTTe keeTTukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked me to consider this as a gift from him and accept it as such</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>acclaim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarppari)</font> 6b intr <br> welcome with loud shouts; praise or applaud enthusiastically and publicly.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanga talevarooTa peecce toNTarunga romba aarppariccu varaveettaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the party members acclaimed the speech of their party leader with great enthusiasm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>acclimatize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakku)</font> 3 tr <br> accustom, make accustomed to, train, make s.o. get used to<br> <br> <font size=+1>denamum teehappayirci seyya maaNavangaLe pazakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to acclimatize our students to doing physical exercise on a daily basis</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accompany</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppivaa)</font> 2c intr <br> go with s.o. a little distance, see, send s.o. off ; give s.o. a send off<br> <br> <font size=+1>tampii, nii konja duuram pooyi akkaave uurukku anuppi vaayeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Son, how about you accompany your older sister a bit and see that she gets off okay</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(@(x)@ooTe poo @(N intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> go along with another<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kaNNan romba cinna payyan. adanaale yaaraavadu avanooTa cennekki pooradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>Kannan is young, so it would be good if someone would accompany him to Chennai</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTappoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go along with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa bambaayikki taniyaa pooha payandadaale, naanum kuuTa pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since mother was afraid of going alone to Bombay, I decided to accompany her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accomplish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTicciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> finish, execute fully, take care of<br> <br> <font size=+1>seyalaaLar tanakku kuTukkappaTTa veeleye terameyaa muTiccuTTaaru appaTiingradule endavidamaana sandeehamum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is no doubt at all that the work allotted to the secretary has been accomplished in an effective and efficient way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> fulfill, complete<br> <br> <font size=+1>oruttaru taan eTuttukiTTa kaariyatte mananerevaa nereveettaradu romba nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever task one has undertaken should always be accomplished in an adequate way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accord (be in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppukko @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> agree with, be in agreement with<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avaru sonna karutte muzu manasaa oppukkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am whole-heartedly in accord with the views expressed by him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accord (with, be in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> agree with, be in harmony with<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>niinga sonna karuttooTa ennooTa karuttum porundudu illeyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't you think that my thought process is in accord with yours?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>account</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakku kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> account for; make a proper record or accounting of<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla poruLaaLarukku azahu moreyaa kuzuvukku kaNakku kaaTTradudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>A good accountant should be able to make a proper accounting to the governing committee</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>account (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNam sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> explain satisfactorily, give reasons, justification for<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii anda poNNukiTTe tappaa naTandukkiTTadukku niidi manrattule enna kaaraNam solluvee?</font><br> <font size=+1>What can you say to the Court that will account for your indecent behaviour with that girl?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accredit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> accredit somebody with s.t.; evaluate correctly, give a true estimation, give credit where credit is due.<br> <br> <font size=+1>palhalekkazaha paNihale madipeetta oru madippeettakkuzu amekkappaTTirukkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>An evaluation council has been formed in order to accredit the programs of the universities</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accrue (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> arise through increase or addition; mount up<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNakkaarangaLukku eppaTiyum paNam vandu seendukkiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Somehow more and more wealth seems to accrue to rich people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accumulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> heap up, pile up, store up; be built up<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanjaavuuru keTangule nellu kuvinji keTakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>There is plenty of paddy accumulated in the Thanjavur godowns</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise money, gather, pile up (riches, fame ,etc)<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla kaariyangaLukkaaha uur jananga kiTTerundu poruLudavi teraTTradule tappille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is nothing wrong in accumulating funds from the public of the town for good causes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accursed (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sabikkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be under a curse<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>mahan tannooTa vaazkeyile kashTa paTradukku avanooTa pettavangaLe een sabikkaNum?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why should the parents be so accursed, just because their son is undergoing a lot of suffering?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(verukkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be detestable, despicable<br> <br> <font size=+1>jaati veerupaaTu kaaTTradu iNNekki engeyum romba verukkappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Displaying caste and communal differences so openly is very much of a this accursed modern behavior</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazi somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> charge wilfully, frame<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiNaa oruttaru meele pazi somattradu paavam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is shame to accuse somebody for no reason</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam sollu)</font> 3c tr, tr <br> blame, charge with a crime, level accusations against<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu moosamaana nidi nelamekki yaar meele kuttam solraduNNu enakku teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I do not know whom to accuse for the terrible financial conditions that prevail</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pazi sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> blame, lay the fault on<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tambii, ippaTi oruttar meele viiNaa pazi solla kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>young man, you should not accuse others unnecessarily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam saaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a formal accusation; censure; denounce<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaavi meele vakkiil kuttam saaTTaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The lawyer is accusing an innocent person</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accustom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahikko @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get used to, accustomed to, acclimatized to<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii inda eLam vayasule niinja pazahikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>At your young age, you should try to accustom yourself to swimming</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accustomed (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakippoo)</font> 3b intr 3pn+dat <br> (3pn w. dat.) get used to s.t.; become habituated to<br> <br> <font size=+1>tenamum neeram kazicci saappaTradu enakku romba pazahi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I have gotten very accustomed to eating very late on a daily basis</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accustomed, get/be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahikko @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> accustom o.s. to, get used to<br> <br> <font size=+1>amerikkaavule oruttaru modalle kaaru ooTTa pazahikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>In America, you just have to get accustomed to driving a car</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ache</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noo)</font> 2 intr <br> be in pain; suffer from<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa iNNekki tanakku tale noovudu appaTiNNu enkiTTe sonnaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother said she's suffering from a head ache today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koTe)</font> 2b intr <br> ache in limbs and bones<br> . <br> <font size=+1>paaTTikki kayyi kaalu koTeyradaam; adanaale vaittiarkiTTe kaaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandmother reports aches and pains in her hands and legs, so we better take her to the doctor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vali)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> hurt, smart, have pain<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku tale valikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>my head aches; I have a headache</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> have intermittent stabbing pains, sting, stab<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTipaTTa eTattule romba kuttuduNNu ennooTa tangecci solraa</font><br> <font size=+1>My little sister says that she's having a lot of aching and stinging feelings in the area</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>achieve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 2b tr <br> attain a desired end, aim; reach<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma pradamaru taan neneccade aTeyaame viTamaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When our Prime Minister has a particular goal, he will not abandon it until he has achieved the desired end</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saadi)</font> 6b tr <br> persevere, persist in attaining a desired end; stick with s.t. until end is attained<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru taan eTuttukiTTa kaariyatte saadikkaame viTamaaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>he's the kind who won't leave a project until he achieves his goals</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 2 tr <br> reach, approach<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNmeyaavum urudiyooTeyum ozeccadaale avaraale nenecca maadiri aTeyamuTinjadule aacaariyam ille</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he worked hard and put in a lot of effort and devotion, it's no wonder that he was able to achieve what he set out to do</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>acidify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amilamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> convert into an acid<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu teTapporuLe eTuttu kalandu eedaavadu oru amilamaakku</font><br> <font size=+1>mix those two solids and acidify them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>acknowledge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppukko @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> recognize authority, claims of; accept<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku adu sariyaa eTuttu sollappaTTaduNNaa naan ade oppukkoLradule sramam eduvum irukkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I wouldn't have any problem accepting and acknowledging it if it were explained to me clearly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> acknowledge the receipt or existence of; inform<br> <br> <font size=+1>tambi nallabaTi uurukku vandu seendaanaa appaTingrade patti enakku terivi</font><br> <font size=+1>Please acknowledge the details of my brother's arrival in town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>acquaint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make known, inform; publicize<br> <br> <font size=+1>modal mandiri mandiri sapeyle senjirukkra maaTTatte iNNekki teriyappaTuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Chief Minister acquainted people with the changes that have been made in the cabinet today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make s.o. or s.t. well known; bring into common knowledge or use; make s.o. familiar or conversant with<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi oru pudu ooTTal irukkuNNu makkaLukku teriyavekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should acquaint people with our new hotel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>acquainted with, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) -( )</B> <font size=+1>(teri-(yum))</font> 2b 3pn (+ dat) <br> be accustomed to, know (s.o.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku avare teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I know, am acquainted with him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>acquire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> seek, earn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazangaala tamizarunga kaTal kaTandu pooyi appo tiraviyam teeTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the olden days the Tamils travelled out to many countries and acquired wealth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kattukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> study, acquire knowledge by studying<br> . . <br> <font size=+1>naan em. ee. vahuppiledaan moziyiyal paaTam kattukkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I acquired a knowledge of Linguistics only for my M.A. degree course</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> get or gather (wealth); pile up, amass, as wealth; store up (wealth)<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam iiTTuradudaan avanooTa oree kuri</font><br> <font size=+1>His only aim is to acquire money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>acquit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> discharge completely; exculpate, exonerate; get s.o. off<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa poona maasam oru kaTattal kuuTTattulerundu ennooTa sneeydan oruttane viTuviccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Last month my father managed to completely acquit one of my friends from the charge of being part of a group of smugglers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> conduct; behave; acquit o.s.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan paricsheyle eppaTi naTandukiTTaan?</font><br> <font size=+1>How did he acquit himself on the test? (How well did he do?)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>acrid, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTu)</font> 6 intr <br> taste or smell sharp, spicy, acidic, pungent, or biting<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii iNNekki senjirunda kozambu romba kaTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>the lentil dish that you cooked today gave off a very acrid smell</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>act</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppacceyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> act so as to satisfy; carry out duties; perform in a certain way<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan taan senjadu sariiNNu mattavangaLe ottukkoLLa vecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has acted in such a way as to convince others to accept his performance of that job as satisfactory</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNi)</font> 2b tr, intr <br> act boldly or decisively, venture forth, presume to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum tuNinji avangavanga veeleye seyyunga appaTiiNNu modal mandiri janangaLe keeTTukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister asked the people to act boldly in carrying out their duties</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(miirinaTa)</font> 7 intr <br> try to be cool or hip; dress and act like a dandy; strut, pose;<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veelekkaaran varavara romba attumiiri naTakkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>That servant is acting like he's some kind of a cool dude</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sirikka naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> act in a ridiculous manner, act so as to bring ridicule upon o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama eppavum pala peerum namme paattu sirikkra maadiri naTakkakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We shouldn't act foolishly when other people are watching</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(naTi)</font> 6b intr <br> act in a dramatic performance, etc.<br> j g <br> <font size=+1>civaaji ganeesan sinimaavule romba nallaa naTikkraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>In his movie roles, Sivaji Ganesan acts very competently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(naTiccukkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> express dramatically<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar maadiriyee ennaale naTiccukkaaTTamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I can act just like the teacher acts</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(naTi)</font> 6b tr <br> perform or enact a play<br> <br> <font size=+1>naageesh anda paTattule arumayaa naTiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Nagesh acted excellently in that movie.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>act as if</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(baavane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> feign; pretend, conceal o's true feelings, sentiments, ideas, etc.<br> d d <br> <font size=+1>oNNum teriyaadamaadiri ava baavane seyraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is acting as if she knows nothing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>act like</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(baavane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> pretend, simulate, put on; assume (a role, identity); playact, dissemble, sham, feign, fake, fake it, dissimulate, make believe, put on a false front, posture, go through the motions<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ellaam tanakku teriyum appaTiNNu baavane seyraan anda aaLu. niinga avane nambaadiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>That guy acts like he knows everything, but don't take him at face value</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>act out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaha naTi)</font> 6b intr <br> play the part or role of<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTahattule avan siisaraa naTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He acted out the part of Caeser in the production.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>activate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make active, as people; activate, animate, motivate; build a fire under (s.o.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>samudaaya seeve seyyumpaTi naan taan ennooTa sneeydarungaLe tuuNTuneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm the one who took it upon himself to activate my friends and motivate them to do social service</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(surusuruppaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make or cause to be active; ginger (s.t.) up<br> <font size=+1>We need to activate and reinvigorate this program, because it's not doing much now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>active, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surusuruppaTe)</font> 7 intr <br> be (or become) busy or diligent; bustle about; be energetic; not let grass grow under o's feet<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippellaam ennooTa tambi romba surusuruppaTanju tannooTa paTippule kavanam selutturaan</font><br> <font size=+1>These days my younger brother is very hard working and active in his studies</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>active, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surusuruppaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make active, activate; build a fire under s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda oru veeleyum seyyaame irundavane naan surusuruppaakkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to build a fire under a lazy guy who wasn't doing any useful work, to sit up and be more active in his job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>adapt o.s. to s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattiyameccukkoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> adjust, accommodate o.s. to s.t.; get used to s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>andanda eTattukku eetta maadiri vaazkkeyle moreye maatti amecciradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>1. It's best to adapt yourself to the conditions that prevail in the place where you live. 2. When in Rome, do as the Romans.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>adapt to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tazuvi ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> modify a piece of writing; edit; make an adaptation of<br> <br> <font size=+1>meel naaTTu naavalgaLe tazuvi ippa indiya mozikaLule pudu naavalunga ezudappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>There are many novels written in Indian languages that were modeled on western styles of novel writing and adapted to Indian tastes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>add</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seettukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 4 tr <br> perform addition, put together, collate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungiTTe irukkra kaNakkooTu ideyum kuuTTi seettukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Please add this to the account that you already have set up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>add (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> join, write (s.t.) additionally; inscribe s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga kacciyile pudusaa oru laccam uruppinarunga seendu irukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Tens of thousands of new members have recently added themselves to the party rolls</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>add up (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mottamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> total; come to<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga vaangina jaamaanukkellaam mottam nuuru ruubaa aaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The things you bought add up to 100 rupees.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>addicted be/get/become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTimeyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> surrender o.s. to a habit, practice; get accustomed to or dependent on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa naNpan kuTippazakkattukku aTime aahiviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend has become addicted to drink</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>addle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> confuse, boggle, perplex, consternate, spoil, mess up<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaaru anda kurippiTTa veLakkatte solli maaNavangaLe kozappiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher has addled the students' minds by giving this type of misinformation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>address</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaNangu)</font> 3 tr <br> pay homage, pay o's respects to, wish formally; greet respectfully<br> <br> <font size=+1>nanbarhaLee, ungaLeyellaam modalle vaNanguvadule sandooshappaTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>Dear friends, I have the great pleasure to be able address you all at this meeting</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mohavari ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> write (on a letter, package, etc. ) directions for delivery<br> <br> <font size=+1>indak kaTidattu oremeele sariyaana mohavari ezudi pooTTuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Address the envelope of this letter correctly and then mail it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(peer oreyaattu)</font> 3 intr <br> make, deliver a speech; hold forth; speechify, orate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalainjar karuNaanidi avarkaL kalaivaaNar arangule pongal vizaa peerore aattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Kalaignar Karunanidhi addressed the [the multitudes] on the occasion of the Pongal festival</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(peeccu kuTu @r tr@)</font> 3 intr <br> deliver a speech, lecture, address, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu ilakkaNakkoLhe patti enga peeraasiriyaru nalla peeccu kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our professor delivered an interesting lecture on the new grammatical theory</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTuttikkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> attack a problem, be busy with, apply o.s. to; face up to; take on<br> <br> <font size=+1>inimee nalla samudaya veelengaLe seyradule unne muzusaa iiTupaTuttikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>From now on you should address various social service projects more directly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>adduce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(udaaraNamaa kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cite or offer as an example; give, mention, name, specify, quote, bring in, provide<br> <font size=+1>The teacher adduced a number of examples to demonstrate her point</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>adequate, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) - </B> <font size=+1>(pood-um)</font> irreg, 3rd pn dat st <br> be enough, suffice; be sufficient; meet the needs of; be adequate, do, serve, meet requirements, satisfy demands, answer/meet o's needs, answer/serve the purpose; (inf.) fit/fill the bill, hit the<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>idu ongaLukku poodumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Will this be adequate for you?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poodumaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be sufficient for, serve<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga kuTutta paNam ennooTa selavukku poodiyadaa irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The money you gave me was adequate for my expenses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>adhere (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTeppiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> be faithful to, abide by, follow; believe in and follow the practices of:<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahaatmaa kaandi vaazkkeyle pala nalla koLhengaLe tavaraama kaTepiTiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Mahatma Gandhi adhered to certain positive principles throughout his life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kai puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> follow, as an ideology; wed o.s. to; stick to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTe vaazkke koLhengaLe tiivaramaa kaippuTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He adhered to his life principles fervently.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>adjudicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirppu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> pronounce judgement; make a formal judgement on a disputed matter; judge, try, hear, examine, arbitrate ; pronounce on, give a ruling on, decide, determine, settle, resolve<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vazakke visaaricca niidipadi saTTa vidingaLukku uTpaTTee tiirppu sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>the judge who heard the arguments adjucated the case according to the constitutional laws that are in force</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>administer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nirvahi)</font> 6b tr <br> manage, direct, execute, run<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa samsaaram kamalaa enga aalaye ellaarum paaraaTTura maadiri nirvahiccukiTTu varaa </font><br> <font size=+1>My wife Kamala administers our factory in such an efficent way that everybody praises her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>admire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTu @shtr@)</font> 3 tr <br> esteem highly, praise, applaud, congratulate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaargille viira tiira seyalungaLe senja namma viirarungaLe romba paaraaTTuroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We admire greatly all our soldiers who boldly faught in the conflict that took place at Kargil [Ladakh]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>admit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept, give in; accept as adequate or true; allow into o's company, admit into society, receive<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan sonnadudaan sari appaTingrade modalaaLi kaTesiyle eettukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The owner of the firm finally admitted that what I said was correct</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruppinaraa eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> adopt as a member; allow into membership<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar sangattile inda pudu vaattiyaareyum uruppinaraa eettukumpaTi veeNTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I request that the teachers' association admit this new teacher into membership</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oppukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept, agree, accept as true; become a party to an agreement<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungaLooTa karutte inda vishayattule naan muzusaa oppukkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>As far as that's concerned, I admit that your point of view is completely right</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(seettukkoo)</font> 4 tr <br> allow entrance to (a school); allow into society; allow into o's company<br> <br> <font size=+1>maarkku koreccalaa vaangina maaNavangaLe inda kalluuriyile seettukka maaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>This college will not admit students who obtained low grades in their entrance examinations</font><br> 1) (nozeyaviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ottukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> concede, allow; accede; agree; give in; confess that s.t. is true or the case; confess to or acknowledge (a crime, fault, or failure).<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nii senja tappe ottukoo. illaaTTi, taNTane keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Admit that you have committed a mistake, otherwise you will have to pay the consequences</font><br> 1) (eettukko @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>admit (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> admit, consent, accept as true, confess that s.t. is true or the case; reach or come to an agreement or understanding<br> <br> <font size=+1>senja kuttatte oppukradu onakku rombavum nalladu seyyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you were to admit to the mistake you made, it would definitely be beneficial</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>admonish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> speak with severity or earnestness; reprove; chastize, scold<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga kalluuri prinsipaalu inda more maaNavangaLe romba kaNTicci peesinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>This time, our college principal admonished us students severely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eccari)</font> 6b tr <br> warn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inimee ozungaa veeleseyyaaTTi enne veelelerundu niikkradaa modalaaLi eccariccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss admonished me saying that he would fire me if I don't work well hereon.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>adopt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept or agree to a policy, take up another's opinion or idea, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda koLheye pinpaTradaa naan neettu oru pramaaNam eTuttukiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday I took an oath to adopt this policy and agree to follow it from now on</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tazuvikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> embrace, take up, convert to, adhere to<br> <br> <font size=+1>putta madakkoLhe avarukku piTiccadanaale avaru anda madatte tazuvikiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he embraced the principles of Buddhism he decided to adopt that religion</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take ownership of a policy; take up another's opinion or idea, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>unnooTa teevekki eettaapple nii avarooTa koLheye eTuttukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Tou could adopt his idea and make good use of it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tattu eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take into o's family, as a child; make s.o. o's legal heir<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanakku vaaricu illaadadanaale ennooTa naNbaru keeraLaavule irundu oru kozandeye tatteTuttu vaLakkuraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>As my friend has no birth children, he has adopted a child from Kerala</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>adorn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alangari)</font> 6b tr <br> decorate, beautify, put on ornaments; deck (out)<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki teer tiruvizaa naTakka irukkradanaale kooyil vikkarahangaLe romba azahaa alangariccirukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Since there is going to be a chariot festival today, they have adorned the temple idols very beautifully</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saattu)</font> 3 tr <br> put the caste mark on the forehead; dress or adorn the idol<br> <br> <font size=+1>aanjineeyarkku vaTe maale saattuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They adorn the idol with garlands</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>adulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tudippaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> eulogize, flatter, worship; suck up to, apple-polish<br> <br> <font size=+1>inge irukkra sela peerukku tudippaTradutaan tozil</font><br> <font size=+1>some of the people here make a habit of adulating others</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>adulterate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalappaTan seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dilute, water down, make impure by admixture of baser or foreign ingredients<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saappiTra uNavu poruLhaLle kalappaTam senci periya paNakkaaran aayiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has become a very rich man essentially by selling adulterated food products</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>advance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munneettu)</font> 3 tr <br> promote, egg on, cause to move forward or progress or rise in rank<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda arasaangam maanilattooTa tozil nelameye munneeTra rombavum paaTupaTrudu appaTiNNu sonnaa adu konjamum mihevaahaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This government is very much interested in, and works hard to advance the state in its industrial development</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(munneeru)</font> 3 intr <br> move forward, progress, be in the vanguard; get far ahead; make a name for o.s.; be distinguished by/for<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa toozan romba kashTappaTTu vaazkkeyle munneerinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend advanced in his career by hard work and overcoming great obstacles</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>advantageous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anuhuulamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be favorable, convenient<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga afiisule reNTu veelekkaaranga irukkradu veele veehamaa romba anuhuulamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The presence of two servants working in our office is very advantageous for our working conditions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be useful, be helpful<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppavoo vaangina ennooTa pazeya pustaham ippa ennooTa aaraayccikki romba payanpaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This old book I bought a while back is now turning out to be quite advantageous for my research</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saadahamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> benefit; be favorable for, be conducive or contributive to; be beneficial to; work to the advantage of; be conducive to/for<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelame edir aNikki saadahamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The situation is advantageous to our opponents</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>advertise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLambarappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> publicize, make known; tout; describe or draw attention to (a product, service, or event) in a public medium in order to promote sales or attendance<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaiTan kampanikaaranga avankaLooTa veevaaram vaLara aTikkaTi veLamparappaTutturaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Titan Company very often advertises through different media to publicize their business development</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> promote o's business by publishing information in news media.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu vyaabaaram nallaa vaLaraNumNNaa nii nallaa eTuttukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>In order to promote the new business you better advertise heavily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>advice, give</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arivure sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> counsel, advise<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTTamaLippu vizaavule serappu virundaaLarnga paTTadaaringaLukku nereya nalla arivure sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief guest at the annual convocation gave useful advice to the young graduates</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(buddisol)</font> 3c tr <br> urge , encourage , call on , enjoin , charge , press ; bid , appeal to , entreat , implore<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTTaame avanukku buddisolli anuppiveccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The village headman gave him advice and sent him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>advise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> inform (esp. commercially or officially)<br> <br> <font size=+1>periya adihaari iNNekki namma aafiisukku varudu enakku terivikkappaTale</font><br> <font size=+1>I was not advised that an important official was supposed to visit the office today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(buttimadi sollu @Nc tr@)</font> 3 tr <br> counsel, give advice to<br> <br> <font size=+1>eLam piLLengaLukku appappa nalla buttimadi sonnaa adanaale nalla palan eerpaTum</font><br> <font size=+1>if we properly advise our growing young children, that will certainly help them come up in life</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>advocate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaadaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> argue for (or against); strongly recommend; push for<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTTilakkaNakkooTpaTTe patti anda reNTu aaraaycciyaaLarngaLum vaadaaTinaanaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The two researchers advocated for the theory of transformational grammar</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>affable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taa(z)ndupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> yield, be accommodating, yielding, or agreeable; bend or bow down; bow and scrape<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan yaaru kashTam kuTuttaalum adanaale taandu pooha maaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I haven't given anyone any trouble so I won't make an effort to be affable.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>affect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu @(sh intr)@)</font> 6b intr <br> strike, pierce the mind; have an effect or impact on; make a difference to; influence, act on, work on; change, alter, modify, transform, form, shape, sway, bias<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava peesina sela vaartteynga ennooTa manasule surukkuNNu paTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Some of the words she said affected me very deeply</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 6b intr <br> cut to the quick, affect acutely; be sensitive to, be bothered by<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan adukku meele senjadu enne balamaa orenjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>What he did next affected me deeply.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> have an affect on, as o's health or interest<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona varusham avane vesha kaaccalu taakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was that terrible virus last year that affected his health</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(toTu)</font> 4 tr <br> move the feelings of, touch; influence, act on, work on, have an impact on; sway<br> <br> <font size=+1>aanandiyooTa kateyle varum cela paattirap paTeppunga ennooTa manace toTTutu</font><br> <font size=+1>Some of the characters that are found in the stories of Anandhi affect me deeply</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttu N intr)</font> 6b intr <br> strike, pierce the mind, be biting, bitter, stinging; insult, cut to the quick<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaaru tiTTuna vaartteynga ennooTa manase appiTiyee kuttiTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>Our teacher's abusive words affected me very negatively</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paadi)</font> 6b tr <br> produce an effect upon, influence, esp. negatively<br> <br> <font size=+1>unnooTa sahoodaranooTa keTTa pazakkanga avanooTa nanbaneyum paadikkidu appaTiNNudaan sollaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I think it must be said that your brother's bad behavior has affected his friend as well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>affected, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTikkoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> be artificial or unnatural; act strangely or weirdly; put on airs; be stuck up; have o's nose in the air; be supercilious or haughty<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirpaakkaame sottu vandadum avan ennamoo romba alaTTikkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He received some wealth unexpectedly and now he's going around acting in a very affected and artificial manner</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kulukku)</font> 3 intr <br> mince, strut, put on outrageous airs, act flamboyantly<br> <br> <font size=+1>taTiyaana anda sinna poNNu oTambe kulukki naTakkradu paakka veeTikkeyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's quite a sight to see this little girl strutting around and affecting airs</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(alukku)</font> 3 intr <br> strut, put on airs, act haughtily; act superciliously; condescend<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTTulerundu vandafukkappram, eppa paattaalum alukkikkiTTirukkaan inda payyan</font><br> <font size=+1>After he came back from abroad, all he does is act very affected, putting on airs and so on</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>affectionate, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anbaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be kind, be loving<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama eppavum kozandenga kiTTe anbaa irukkaveeNTiyadu avasiyam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's always a good policy to be very affectionate and loving towards children</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>affiliate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruppaa eettukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> take over as a branch or associate of<br> D JD( ) <br> <font size=+1>NDA kuuTTaNi JD(U) kaTciye oru uruppu kaTciyaa eettukiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The NDA has allowed the JD(U) party to be affiliated as an associate party</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruppinaraa eettukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> adopt as a member; admit to membership<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediriyaa irundaalum avaLeyum madicci inda sangattule oru uruppinaraa eettukkradudaan more appaTiiNNu naan nenekkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think that it's proper to affiliate her as a member of this body even though she one of your rivals</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>affirm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( )~</B> <font size=+1>(urudiyaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> assert strongly; state, declare, aver, proclaim, pronounce, swear, attest.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamasaamidaan unga viiTTule tiruTunaan appaTiingrade naan urudiyaa solluveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I can affirm that it was Ramasami and nobody else, that stole the things from your house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urudi seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> confirm, attest, certify<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiya palhalekazakattooTa inda varushattu karuttarangule kalandurade idumuulam urudi seyreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Through this letter I hereby affirm my intention to participate in this year's All India University Tamil Teachers Association</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>affix</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stick (e.g. a stamp), fasten by adhesion<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTu poora tabaalukku padinanju ruubaa tabaal tale oTTaNum appaTingradu pudu vidi</font><br> <font size=+1>It is a new regulation that all letters intended for foreign destinations should have a fifteen rupee stamp affixed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyezuttu iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> sign, append (a signature)<br> . . <br> <font size=+1>niinga ezuduna manuve naan nallaa paattuTTeen. adu sariyaa irukku. adanaale niinga adule kayyezuttu pooTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>I have carefully gone through your appeal to the Government office. It is quite in order, so please just kindly affix your signature</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6b tr <br> imprint, impress a seal or stamp<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu aafiisungaLle eppavum kaTidangaLle oru arasu muttare padippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It is a custom to affix a seal on letters received at Government offices</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> attach, stick on, cause to adhere to<br> <br> <font size=+1>tabaal tali oTTi inda kaTidatte pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Affix a postage stamp to this envelope and mail it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>afflict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> vex, afflict, harrass, saddle s.o. with s.t.; cause to wither or weaken<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri eTTu maNivarekkum veele seyyaNummuNNu enga modalaaLi pooTTu vaaTTuraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our boss afflicts us with extra work until after regular hours, even at eight o'clock at night</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> affect (esp. illness, negative feelings); trouble, burden, distress, cause suffering to, beset, harass, worry, oppress; torment, plague, blight, bedevil, rack, smite, curse<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane peru nooyi piiTiccirukkradu varuttappaTaveeNTiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is indeed sad to notice how he's been afflicted by illness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>afflicted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be distressed with distress, illness, problems<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazkkeyle seyyakkuuTaada tappeyellaam senjadunaale ippa romba oTambukku nooy vandu kashTappaTuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>As a result of a lot of dumb things he did in his life, he is now afflicted with illness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>afraid, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be frightened, be apprehensive, scared<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nammooTa veeleye naama sariyaa senjaa naama een mattavangaLukku bayappaTaNum?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why should we be afraid of others if we do our jobs well?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anju)</font> 3 intr <br> be frightened, be meek, be hesitant or reluctant, be submissive<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga edukkum anja veeNTaam appaTiNNu ennooTa naNbaru enakku tayiriyam sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend advised me not to be afraid of anything</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maruLu)</font> 1 intr <br> be confused; be fearful, be scared; be petrified<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaTTulee naTandu poohum poodu puliye paattu payappaTamaaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he saw a tiger in the jungle, he wasn't afraid</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(payappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be frightened, apprehensive, get scared<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tampi neettu paampe paattu payappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My little brother was really afraid yesterday when he saw a snake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(bayandu saahu)</font> 3 intr <br> feel apprehensive of; be very reluctant to do s.t.; be afraid for o's life; be in moral fear of s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>bayandu saahaama dairiyamaa iru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't be afraid of it, have courage!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>afraid, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> be frightened, be startled; be spooked<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungaLe paattaa enga maaTu romba meraLudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Whenever it catches sight of you our cow gets very afraid</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>age</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mudiru)</font> 2 intr <br> become mature, to become dry (as leaves on a tree)<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu nallaa muttuna teengaa</font><br> <font size=+1>This is a aged mature coconut</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kezaTutaTTu)</font> 3 intr + dat <br> (of people) grow very old, show effects of old age prematurely<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanukku ippa ampadu vayasu kuuTa aayiTucci. adukuLLe ippaTi kezaTu taTTippooccee</font><br> <font size=+1>He may be only about fifty but he seems to be showing the effects of age</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mudumeyaTe)</font> 2 intr <br> (of people) grow old, become decrepid<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa appaammaa ippa romba vayasaanavangaLaayiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>my parents have aged a lot</font><br> 1) (vasayaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>aggravate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcaluuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> annoy, irritate, vex, bother, bug<br> <br> <font size=+1>dayavusenji ippaTi kaNTapaTi peesi enakku ericcaluuTTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Do not aggravate me by speaking such nonsense</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make worse or severe; cause problems or trouble; exacerbate; worsen, inflame, compound; intensify, increase, heighten, magnify, add to, amplify, augment; (inf.) add fuel to the fire/flames, add insult<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa kaaru enjinu nallaadaan irundudu. anda mekkaanik eppaTiyoo ade romba moosamaakkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The engine of my car was in good condition, but somehow that mechanic has aggravated things</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>aggrieved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttattukkuLLaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be distressed; be or get worked up about s.t., be annoyed, bothered, worried, vexed<br> <br> <font size=+1>aLavukku adihamaa peesi mattavangaLooTa varuttattukkuLLaahadu onakku nalladu ille</font><br> <font size=+1>It is not good for you to get excessively aggrieved with others</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>agitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLarcci seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> stir up (political) trouble, provoke a situation; roil s.o. or s.t. up; foment discord, rebellion; strike<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaNavangaLe tuuNTiviTTukkiTTu inda kammyuunisT kaccikaaranga varavara rombavum keLacci seyraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The communist party people create a lot of problems by continuing to agitate among the students</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>agitated, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be disturbed, be shaken up, become anxious, distressed<br> <br> <font size=+1>tangaLooTa mahan paTutta paTukkeyaa irukkrade paattu avanooTa appaammaa manasu kalangunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When they saw their son bedridden from illness, the parents became very agitated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padaru)</font> 3 intr <br> get flustered; get confused, addled, messed up, in a flurry<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan keeTTa keeLviye keeTTu, naan padil solla muTiyaame padarineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got agitated from his line of questioning and couldn't answer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>agitated, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padaTTamaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> get nervous or anxious; get worked up;<br> <br> <font size=+1>He became agitated about the [impending] interview.</font><br> 1) (keLarcciyaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>agonize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veetanaippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> suffer agony, be very distressed; suffer, be upset, disturbed<br> <br> <font size=+1>cidamparattule konja kaalattukku munnaaTi naTanda sambavangaLe paattu rombavum veedaneppaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I really agonized over the news about the awful happenings at Chidambaram recently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veedaneppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to suffer agony; torment, torture<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavangaLe veedane paTuttradu avanukku oru pozudu pookku</font><br> <font size=+1>He takes pleasure in inflicting agonizing pain on people and making them suffer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>agree</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> consent, submit, yield, comply<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalaaLiyooTa vaarttekki eNangi naan ippaTi seyya moyarccippaNNeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Having agreed with what our boss said, I tried to do things this way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukko @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept, admit, go along with, be as one with<br> <br> <font size=+1>ameccaru solrade anda tore seyalaaLaru eettukka marukkuraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The secretary of that government department refuses to agree with what the minister says</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> grant approval, submit, comply; go along with s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nidi torekkaarangaLe eNanga vekka rombavum kashTappaTa veeNTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to work very hard to get the Finance Department to agree with you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oppukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> admit, consent, accept<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga kacciyile seerradaa nii oppukiTTaa unakku veeNTiyadellaatteyum naanga seyroom</font><br> <font size=+1>if you agree to join our political party, we will do everything that you require</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(seendukoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> unite, join (with); make or come to an agreement or understanding about s.t.; reach an agreement or understanding<br> <br> <font size=+1>tambiyum aNNanum oNNaa seendukiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The older and the younger brother agreed to come to an understanding</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(ottukko @sh intr@)</font> 3 intr <br> approve, consort, accede to s.t.; reach or come to an understanding<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu naaTungaLum samaadaanamaa pooha ottukiTTana</font><br> <font size=+1>Both countries agreed to cooperate and work together peacefully</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> be suitable, be pleasing, be proper, be agreeable<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa karuttu ennooTa karuttooTa porundudu appaTingradu sandooshappaTaveeNTiya visheyam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's nice to see that his view agrees with mine</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> concur, give assent<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan romba veeNTi keeTTadaale ippa ooraLavukku erangiyirukkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has now agreed to do what I begged and implored him to do</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(sammadam terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> express agreement or confirmation; ratify<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeccuvaarttekki edirkaTci talaivar sammadam teriviccuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The opposition party leader has agreed to hold talks</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>agreeable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> be pleasing, be attractive, like s.t.; suit s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu enakku romba piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>I like it a lot; it's very agreeable to me</font><br> 1) (poruttamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>aground (run)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tare taTTu)</font> 3 intr + dat <br> (of boats, etc.) strike against the ground or bottom<br> <font size=+1>The boat ran aground on a sand bar, and they were stuck there for hours</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>aground, run</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tare taTTa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause (a boat, etc.) to run aground<br> <font size=+1>He deliberately ran the boat aground in order to save it in the storm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>aid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odavu)</font> 3 tr <br> assist, help<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleejukku paNam kaTTa kaTasiyle ennooTa maamaa odavunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>It was my maternal uncle who aided me in the end by paying my college fees</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>aim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set o's sights on s.t., focus eyes on a target, have o's eyes on s.t. or s.b.; choose s.t. for acquiring or stealing; single out for abuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru poruLmeele kurivaccuTTaa ade aTeyaame viTamaaTTaaru avaru</font><br> <font size=+1>If he has his eye on a particular thing, he won't leave it until he's got it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuripaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> focus o's eyes or fix sights on target; take aim<br> <br> <font size=+1>viirarunga kuripaattu suTaradule keTTikaarangaLaa irukkradu romba mukkiyam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's very important that soldiers take careful aim before firing their weapons</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>air</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattule olaravayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> expose to the air, dry in the air; put out to dry in the air<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii tovecca tuNinga ellaatteyum kaattule olaravayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Please air (out) all the clothes that you washed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peesi tiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> air o's differences; discuss things openly; get things out in the open<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona vaaram naTanda virundule reNTu peerum kalandu avangaLooTa praccanengaLe peesi tiittukiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The two of them met at the dinner program last week and air their differences and solved their problems</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>air (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattaaTavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> expose to the air; dry by exposure to air<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda iiramaana paruppe kaattaaTavaccaa ciikkiramaa kaanjuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>if you air out the wet dhall it'll dry quickly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>air, get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattaaTappoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go for a walk, take the air<br> . . <br> <font size=+1>een viiTTuleyee aTenji keTakkare? veLiye kaattaaTappooyiTTu vaayeen. adu oTambukku nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you always stuck inside the house? Why don't you go out and get some air? It's better for your health</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>airs, put on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTikkoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> assume airs, act haughtily, arrogantly, or superciliously; condescend to others; (inf.) get or act snippy, huffy, or stuck up<br> . <br> <font size=+1>arpa aaLukku vaazvu vandaduNNaa avan alaTTikaaTTadaanee seyvaan. idule enna aaccariyam irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>A mean person will start to put on airs only when they get rich; it's not surprising</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alarm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiliyuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> terrify, scare, strike with panic<br> . <br> <font size=+1>sinna vayasule kozandengaLe kiliyuuTTi payappaTuttakkuuTaadu. eeNNaa adu avangaLe koozeyaakkiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>One should not unduly alarm young children--it will make them cowards.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alarm, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be scared, afraid, be apprehensive<br> <br> <font size=+1>idukkupooyi een ivvaLavu payappaTurengradu enakku puriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I do not understand why you are so afraid of this</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alarmed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veruLu)</font> 1 intr <br> realize a series of dangers<br> <br> <font size=+1>paampe paattatum maaTu veruNTu ooTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the cow saw the snake it realized what danger it was in and ran away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(bayandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow terrified, be frightened, be upset<br> <br> <font size=+1>ange sindi irunda rattatte paattu romba payandupooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got very alarmed when I saw the blood that was sprinkled there</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eccarippuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> call to a state of readiness, warn, bring to the attention of, make an issue of<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyal naaLekki maaleyle kareye kaTakkum appaTingradunaale oru podu eccarippuuTTradu romba nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It'll be good to alert everybody about the storm that will be passing through here tomorrow evening</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alert, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizippaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be mindful or attentive; be paying attention; have o's eyes open<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaavalkaaranNaa eppovum vizippaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you're a [security] guard, you should always be on the alert</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alienate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muriccukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> lose or break friendship, attachment or relations; estrange<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLukkuLLe irunduvanda nalla orave eenoo avanga tiTiirNNu muriccikiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They had a good relationship but for some reason they have suddenly become alienated from each other</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alienated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anniyamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be estranged from; be withdrawn from s.o. or s.t.,<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLukkuLLe irundu vanda aNNan tambi oravu ippa eenoo anniyamaahivarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>For some reason the brotherly relationship that existed between them has now been totally alienated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alienated, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be separate; be estranged, divided, at a distance, be isolated, cut off; be set against, be turned away from, be disunited, be at variance/odds<br> <br> <font size=+1>oNNaa irunda tambinga ippa pirinijiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The brothers who were in unity earlier have now become alienated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alike, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oreemaadiriyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> conform, resemble, look alike<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu pasangaLum oree maadiri irukkraanga appaTiNNu ennooTa samsaaram sonnaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My wife told me that those two look very much alike</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poola iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be like s.t., resemble s.t.; have a similarity to, or the same appearance as<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaave poolavee avanga poNNum irukkradule aaccariyam oNNum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not at all surprising that the mother and daughter look very much alike</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ottiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be similar, be equal, conform, resemble<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTum ottirukku appaTiNNu ellaarum solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody says that those two things look alike</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oree maadiriyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be the same; conform, resemble, be undistinguished, mediocre, bland<br> <br> <font size=+1>ange saappaaTu oreemaadiri irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The food there is all alike--one thing tastes the same as the next</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alive, be/stay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pezecciru, pozecciru)</font> 7 intr <br> manage to exist; subsist; get by somehow<br> . <br> <font size=+1>IndiyaavooTa jana toheyle iruvadu sadaviidampeeru edoo appaTi orumaadiri pozeccirukkraanga, avvaLavudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>20% of India's population are just barely managing somehow to stay alive, not much more</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>allay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 6b tr <br> alleviate, mitigate, soothe, quench, cure, pacify<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba koovamaa irunda en samsaarattooTa koovatte taNicci avaLe veLiye kuuTTikiTTu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to pacify my wife (who was very angry with me), and allay her fears, and then took her out on the town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alleviate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koreyaccey @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> remove in part; lessen or make less severe, as pain, suffering; reduce, lessen, diminish, relieve, ease, allay, abate, mitigate, assuage, palliate<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru nalla arasaangattooTa kaTame janangaLooTa kashTangaLe korekkradudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The first and foremost duty of good government is to try to alleviate the suffering and grievances of the people</font><br> 1) (maTTuppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 6b tr <br> cool down, reduce, allay, quench; mollify<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda uurule ippa irukkra padattatte taNikkaNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to alleviate the tension that is prevailing in that town right now.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>allocate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> distribute, divide and assign; redistribute; break up and reassign s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>modal ameccaru tangiTTe irunda sela torengaLe matta mandiringaLukku piriccikuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Chief minister allocated some of the extra departments under his control to other cabinet ministers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pangiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> assign as share, distribute; divide up, parcel or give out<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaveeri nadi taNNi pangiTuradu toTarbaa oru kuuTTam siikkiram naTakka irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There's going to be a meeting very soon regarding allocating Cauvery river water</font><br> 1) (pahuttukkuTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (pangiiTu seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pahundukuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> apportion, assign as share<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa eranda perahu avarooTa sotte naalu puLLengaLukkum anda uuru periya manusharu pahundukuTukka odavunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The village headman helped the four sons to divide the property after the death of their father</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>allot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> divide and give, dole out, assign<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu paLLikkuuTam kaTTa arasu ange irunda eTattule oru pahudiye odukkikkuTuttudu nalla vishayam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's good that the Government has allotted space for building a new school there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give out in parts, divide up, assign, apportion, earmark, balkanize<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa tannooTa mahanukkum mahaLukkum sarisamamaa pange piriccikuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Father divided his property and allotted equal portions to his son and daughter</font><br> 1) (pangiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>allow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anumadi)</font> 6b tr <br> permit, let (s.o.) have or do s.t.; admit as legal or acceptable<br> <br> <font size=+1>maavaTTa aluvalakattulerundu anda aaNeye vaanga enakku anumadi keTeccirukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The district office has allowed me to have the go-ahead</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTamkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> permit, let, admit of, give ground<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda peeraveyle ennooTa karutte solla eTanguTunga appaTiNNu keekkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I request that I may be allowed a chance to express my view in this august body</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>allow for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakkule eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take into account; make allowances for; consider, budget for<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda pudu viiTTooTa kaTTumaana seleve madippiiTu seyrappa paNa viikkattooTa paadippeyellaam kaNakkule eTuttukkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>When he estimated the construction costs of that new house, he did not allow for the effects of inflation.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>allude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> refer indirectly; mention in passing, or figuratively; suggest or call attention to indirectly; hint at<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii adepatti kurippaa sonnaa, poodum, ennaale veLangikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>It is enough if you allude to it indirectly; I will understand</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> refer, point to, mention briefly or in passing; give a nod to<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan solliyirukkra oru karutte avaru tannooTa kaTTureyile kurippiTTa veeNTiyadaa poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>It became obvious to him that he needed to allude to one of my points in his research article</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTeyaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> refer indirectly, hint at<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa senja tappe ammaa saaTeyaa sonnaa</font><br> <font size=+1>the mother alluded only indirectly to the mistake made by the father</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alone, be/live</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taniyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be solitary, be single, be independent, be self-sufficient<br> <br> <font size=+1>tangaLooTa appaa ammaave viTTuTTu ennavoo avanga piLLenga taniyaa irukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>For some reason or the other, the children have left their parents and are living alone by themselves</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alone, go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taniccuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go (off) by o.s., isolate o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa tambiyum avanooTa samsaaramum taniccupooyiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My younger brother and his wife have left us to live alone, on their own</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alone, go (it)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taniccuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go alone, go by o.s.; function independently<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaarooTeyum seeraama nii maattram taniccu pooyi veevaaram paNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you just start a business by yourself and just go it alone?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perazu)</font> 2 intr <br> be out of turn; change; get s.o. wrong, do s.t. differently<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tirukkuraLe vari perazaame onnaale sollamuTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you recite the Tirukkural without altering any of the lines?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>altered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaru)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> be changed, be different<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizahattu arasiyal suuznele ippo koncam maariyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The political environment of Tamilnadu is somewhat altered lately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alternate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattimaatti ame)</font> 6b tr <br> arrange alternatively; vary; make different; modify, diversify; put one, then the other<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda paTatte maatti maatti amecci paarungaLeen. eedaavadu pudusu keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you try alternating motifs in that picture, and maybe you'd get something different for a change?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maattimaatti vayyi)</font> 6b <br> intercalate, interpose; change off; put variety into s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu cinna kaNkaacci. adanaale poruLungaLe maatti maatti veccaa paakka nallaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This is a very small exhibition, so if you alternate the exhibits it will give a better appearance</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maarimaari seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> perform by turns or alternatively, take turns; switch off<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veeleye oruttaree seyyaame reNTu peeraavadu maari maari seyyunga</font><br> <font size=+1>If one of you can't do this work alone, then the two of you should take turns and alternate doing it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi maatti pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> alternate the hand while pounding; switch from one hand to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttuccaNTe viirar kayyi maatti pooTTu ediriye kuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boxer alternated his punches, using one hand then another to pound his opponent</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>amass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> accumulate, collect, gather, pile up, bring together<br> <br> <font size=+1>maanaaTTu selavukkaaha arasiya kaccinga toNTarunga kiTTe nidi teraTTraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the political parties amass funds from their party workers for their party's budget</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>amaze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malekka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> astonish, fill with wonder, surprise. be taken aback<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga nalla viiranga appaTingradu enakku teriyum. irundaalum ivvaLavu serappaa ellaareyum malekkaveppaanga appaTiNNu naan edurpaakkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>Though I knew very well that they are brave people, I was not expecting to be amazed like this</font><br> 1) (maleppuuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tehekka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> astonish, astound, fill with wonder, blow (s.o.) away<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda mandaravaadi pala mandara tandrangaLe senji ellaareyum appaTiyee tehekka veccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That magician did some magic tricks and amazed everybody in the audience</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tehe)</font> 2b intr <br> bewilder, perplex; astonish, befuddle<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii een enne paattadum ippaTi tehecciTTe?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why does the fact of seeing me amaze you so?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>amazed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehe)</font> 6b intr <br> be astonished, be taken aback, surprised, be blown away, be rendered dumbstruck<br> j <br> <font size=+1>ajandaa ellooraa ooviyangaLe paattu naan appiTiyee tehecceengradule oru sandeehamum keTeyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was really amazed when I saw the Ajantha and Ellora paintings and sculpture--there's no other word for it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(asaru)</font> 6 tr <br> be greatly surprised, be astonished, be taken aback, be rendered speechless, be blown away<br> j <br> <font size=+1>taajmahaale modamoda naan paattappa naan rombavum asandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was really amazed when I saw the Tajmahal for the first time</font><br> 1) (veya) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(bramiccuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be amazed, astonished or perplexed<br> <br> <font size=+1>nayaagra niirviizcciye naan moda taTave paattappa neccamaa appaTiyee bramiccuppooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I saw Niagara Falls for the first time I was just amazed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ambush</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazippari seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> waylay, accost, rob<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri neerattule poora bas prayaaNingaLe mariccu vazipparicceyraanga appaTiNNu kaaval torekke seydi vandirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The police department has learned of the robbery perpetrated by a band of thieves ambushing bus passengers traveling at night</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ameliorate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make better, improve; better, make improvements to, enhance, help, benefit, boost, amend; relieve, ease, mitigate; (inf.) tweak, patch up, fix up<br> <br> <font size=+1>oyarkalviye innum serappaa meembaTuttaNum appaTiingra karuttu rombavum eTuttu sollappaTTatu</font><br> <font size=+1>The view that higher education needs to be ameliorated was strongly emphasized as one of the important duties of government</font><br> 1) (osattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to make better; raise (standards)<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezangaLooTe vaazkka taratte meempaTutta arasaangam oru tiTTam koNTuvandirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has implemented a new plan to ameliorate the (conditions of) poor people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>amend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> correct, reform, improve, perfect<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppaTiyaaccum butti solli unnooTa naNpane tirutta veeNTiyadu unnooTa poruppu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is your responsibility to give good advice to, and help your friend amend his ways</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>amount (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> add up to, be equivalent to<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>reNTum reNTum ettane (aahum)?</font><br> <font size=+1>How much does two plus two amount to? (How much is two plus two?)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>amount to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mottam aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> come to a total of, add up to<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga vaanguna saamaan ellaattukkum seettu eranuuru ruubaa mottamaahudu</font><br> <font size=+1>All of your purchases together amounts to a total of two hundred Rupees</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>amputate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> cut off, as a limb, by surgical operation<br> <br> <font size=+1>aruve sihicce seyyrappa sela {\d d}aakTarunga oTambule sela baahangaLe veTTi eTukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some doctors routinely amputate body parts as a matter of course whenever they perform surgery</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>amuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozundupookku)</font> 3 tr <br> pass time, occupy o.s. in a light or trivial manner; enjoy o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>liivu naaLule avan viiNaa pozudupookkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He amuses himself in useless pursuits during vacations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeTikke kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> entertain, put on a show<br> , . .<br> <font size=+1>tambi, naan konjam veLiye poohaNum, naan tirumbi varravare kozandengaLukku konjam veeTikke kaaTTikiTTiru</font><br> <font size=+1>I have to go out for a while. So, little bro, you're in charge of amusing the kids somehow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anaesthetize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakkamuuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> make s.o. unconscious with anaesthetic or narcotic; put s.o. under anaesthesia<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayittule aruve sihicce seyyaNumNNaa aaLe mayakkamuuTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Anyone who needs to have stomach surgery needs to be anaesthetized first</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anchor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nanguuram paayccu)</font> 3 tr <br> cast, drop anchor<br> <br> <font size=+1>kareye aTenjadum kaapTan nanguurampaaycci anda kappale niruttunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the ship reached the shore the captain anchored it securely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anger</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koobam paNNu)</font> 3 tr w loc <br> make angry, inflame, annoy; infuriate, enrage, exasperate, irritate, incense, madden, vex, outrage, provoke, nettle, rile, pique, gall<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman sonnadu en kiTTe romba koobam paNNiccu.</font><br> <font size=+1>What Raman said angered me greatly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anger (verb+)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suLi)</font> 6b intr <br> express anger, displeasure or dislike by features, words<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan keeTTadukku avan tannooTa mohatte suLiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When I asked the question, the expression on his face told me how angry he was</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anger, (verb)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make s.o. angry; kindle, stir up to anger, fan the flames<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda poNNudaan reNTu aampuLLengaLukku saNTe muuTTiviTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>That woman stirred up an argument between those two men</font><br> 1) (siiru) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anger, (verb+)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koobamkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show anger; use anger to frighten<br> . .<br> <font size=+1>avan summaa edoo koobam kaaTTuraan, adukku pooyi bayappaTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>He is simply trying to scare people with his anger. Don't give him the satisfaction of showing fear</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siiru)</font> 3 intr <br> express anger, rage or fury<br> <br> <font size=+1>edukku eTuttaalum een ippaTi siirraan appaTiNNee teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I do not know why each and every little request makes him so angry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>angle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTule viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> fish with hook or tackle<br> <br> <font size=+1>uuru eeriyile tuuNTule viTTu miinu piTikka anumadi veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>you need to get permission to angle for fish in our village lake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTule pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fish for s.o. or s.t.; try to catch; ensnare<br> <br> <font size=+1>miine piTikka tuuNTule pooTTu naaLmuzudum kaattukkeTandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I sat there all day along angling for a fish</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>angry, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koobam vaa)</font> 2c intr (3pn + dat.) <br> become, get angry<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku on meele koobam varradu</font><br> <font size=+1>I am (getting) angry at you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sodi)</font> 6b intr <br> be furious<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koobamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be angry, furious, ticked off<br> . <br> <font size=+1>talame adihaari ippa romba koovamaa irukkraaru. adanaale avare pooyi paakkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>the office supervisor is mad as hell right now, so stay out of his way</font><br> 1) (karuvu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>angry, be/become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koovappaTu @(sh intr)@)</font> 7 intr <br> be angry<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan anda veeleye sariyaa seyyallengradukkaaha appaa emmeele koovappaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Father was very angry with me because I didn't finish the work properly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anguished, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veedaLeppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be sorrowful or pained, regret deeply<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga maha senja kaariyattukkaaha avaLooTa pettavanga romba veedaLeppaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The parents are deeply anguished by the actions of their daughter</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>animate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyiruuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> breathe life into, enliven, spark, perk up, liven up, freshen (up)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tamiz sinimaavukku uyiruuTTradee adule irukkra paaTTunga taan</font><br> <font size=+1>What really animates this Tamil movie and brings it to life are the songs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>annex</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tanvasamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. o's own; appropriate, incorporate, take over, subsume; treat as o's own<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru kooyil nelatte tanvasamaakkikiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He annexed the temple property as if it were his own</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>annihilate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> destroy, wipe out, vanquish<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediraaLinga anda kuTumbatte kuuNTooTa aziccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Their opponents annihilated the whole family--just wiped them out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kollu)</font> 1 tr <br> kill; murder; decimate, destroy<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediringa ellaareyum kollaNumNu taLabadi uttaraviTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The general ordered that all enemies should be annihilated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aziccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> destroy completely, totally; decimate, exterminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorle amerikkaa hiroshimaave aziccuruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>America absolutely annihilated Hiroshima</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>annotate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakkavure aLi)</font> 6b tr <br> comment on; add notes and/or comments to<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiize irukkra kuraLukkellaam veLakkuvure aLiyunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Annotate the kurals mentioned below</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>announce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> make known, make public, inform<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naharle kaalaraa nooy kaNTirukku appadiingrade ellaarukkum oTanee teriviyunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please announce to everyone in this town that there is a case of cholera here.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(arivippu seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make an announcement; proclaim, make known, make public<br> <br> <font size=+1>senneyle inda varusham pudusaa oru poriyiyal kalluuri toTangradaa arivippu senjirukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have announced that a new Engineering College will be opened in Chennai this year</font><br> 1) (saattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paresaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> announce by beat of drum<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaalattule arasu arivippungaLellaam paresaattiyee arivikkappaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>In those days, all government announcements were made by beating drums loudly in the streets</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saattu)</font> 3 tr <br> declare<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarukkum viiTTu mane kuTukkappaTum appaTiiNNu arasu paresaatticci</font><br> <font size=+1>The government announced that each citizens would be given a plot on which to construct their homes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>annoy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcaluuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> irritate, bother, nag, vex: (inf.) bug, drive s.o. nuts, drive s.o. up the wall<br> " ," <br> <font size=+1>"kaNTapaTi peesi enakku ericcaluuTTaade," appaTiNNu enga periya adihaari koovamaa sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The big boss told us angrily that we should not annoy him by talking nonsense</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naccari)</font> 6b tr <br> vex, irk, harass<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>unnooTa marumaha denamum unnepooTTu een ippaTi naccarikkraa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why does your daughter-in-law annoy you daily in this way?</font><br> 1) (paTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (varuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tolle kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> vex, drive s.o. to distraction, cause trouble to; tease; bother; get on the nerves of, bug<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanee oru nooyaaLi. niinga veere een avane ippaTi tolekkuTukkriingaNNu enakku teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>This guy is one sick man. Why you have to go and annoy him on top of everything else, I don't understand.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(koobappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make angry or exasperated; get s.o.'s goat; get under s.o.'s skin; bug, annoy<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne kooba-paTutta paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to annoy me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anoint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavu)</font> 3 tr <br> smear, daub, rub gently<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kaayattu meele inda marunde nallaa taTavunga. reNTu naaLle sariyaa pooyiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Please anoint the wound carefully with this medicine and it will be cured in two days</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muzukkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bathe, as an idol; dedicate, consecrate<br> j <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki viTiya kaaleyle sidamparam naTaraaja perumaanukku muzukkaaTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Early this morning at the Chidambaram temple there was a ceremony during which the idol of Lord Nataraja was anointed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>answer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTe ezudu @(1 tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> write out answers, provide written responses<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiize kuTuttirukkra keeLvingaLukkaana veTeye ezudavum</font><br> <font size=+1>Please answer the questions given below</font><br> (badil sollu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(badil ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> write a reply or an answer; respond in writing<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNan paricceyle ellaa keeLvingaLukkum romba sariyaana badile ezudiyirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Kannan has given appropriate written answers to all the questions in the examination</font><br> 1) (badilaLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(badil sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> reply orally, answer for<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan keeTTa keeLvingaLukku avan sariyaana badil sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He answered correctly all the questions that I asked</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anticipate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> expect, look forward to<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta maasam ungaLooTa varave romba aavalooTa naan edurpaakkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I anticipate your arrival next month with great eagerness</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mundikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be prepared for a possible circumstance; take s.t. into account; be aware of and prepare for (a future event); regard as probable<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ungiTTe avanga sela keeLvingaLe keekka irukkaanga, adanaale nii munkuuTTiyee adeppatti nallaa terinji vaccukoo</font><br> <font size=+1>I think they are going to ask you a few questions so you had better anticipate any eventuality</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anxious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavaleppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be concerned, be worried, be uneasy; be full of cares or troubles about s.t.<br> / <br> <font size=+1>taan senja tappukkaaha ippa romba kavale paTraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very worried and anxious about the mistake that he made</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aavalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be desirous, be expectant, be hopeful<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta varusham oru tamiz elakkiya pustaham veLiyiTaNum appaTiiNNu aavalaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I am very anxious to publish a book on Tamil literature next year</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>anxious, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padaTTappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be made nervous or upset<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>pariicce samayatle avan padaTTa-paTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>During examinations he gets very anxious</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poola seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> imitate, mimic; make fun of; copy, echo, mock, parody, parrot<br> G <br> <font size=+1>naTaraajan enbavaru MGR poola peesi poolacceyyradule romba keTTikkaaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a guy named Natarajan who's quite clever at aping the speech style of M.G.Ramachandran</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pinpattu)</font> 3 tr <br> imitate slavishly, follow, mock<br> . . . <br> <font size=+1>aNNaavooTa koLheye ti.mu.ka. kacci innum tavaraama pinpattuvarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Even now, the DMK party still apes the principles of Annadurai</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>apologize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mannippu keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> excuse o.s., make an apology; beg or ask for forgiveness<br> <br> <font size=+1>senja tappukkaaha mannippukeekkradule tappu oNNum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There's nothing wrong with apologizing for one's faults</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>appeal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mureyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> ask help from the public or from higher authorities; call upon another to decide, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tangaLooTa uurule taNNivarale appaTiNNu adihaaringa kiTTe jananga moreyiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people of the town appealed to higher authorities in their quest to get water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> beseech, pray, make an earnest request (esp. relig.)<br> " , ," <br> <font size=+1>"iraivaa, enakku nalla oTal nalam kuTu," appaTiNNu saamikiTTe veeNTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I appealed to the Lord Almighty, asking him to give me good health and well-being</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meelvazakkaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> take or pursue a case to a higher court; ask for reconsideration of a decision<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jayalalitaa ippa tannooTa saarpule oyarniidi manTrattule meelvazakkaaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Jayalalitha has appealed the ruling and is taking her case to a higher court</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaru)</font> 2 tr <br> attract, interest; catch the attention<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla veLambaram janangaLe kavarudu appiTiingradule sandeeham ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is no doubt about the fact that a good advertisement appeals to people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>appear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> meet with, come across; pop up or in<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba naaLaa paakkaada ennooTa sneeydaru iNNekki kaaleyile vaziyile edurpaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>A friend of mine that I hadn't seen in a very long time suddenly appeared on the road this morning</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tenpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> meet, come into sight; be visible<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu saayankaalam muuNaam pore tenpaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The crescent moon appeared yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> seem, spring up, come to existence, come to mind; look like<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga neneccabaTi seyradu nalladu appaTiNNu enakku tooNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It appears to me that the way you wanted to do it was a good way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(moLe)</font> 6b tr <br> come out, spring up, turn up, sprout; volunteer (botan.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga tooTTattule pudusaa oru puucceTi moLeccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>A new flowering plant has appeared today in our garden</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b tr, 3pn + dat <br> become visible, appear at a distance, come into view<br> <br> <font size=+1>talevarooTa vaNTi varradu ingirundee teriyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Even from this distance it's possible to see our leader's car appearing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> come forth into view; come to light; become known; emerge<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuL en kanavule neettu tooninaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>God appeared in my dream yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>appease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amaidi paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> calm down, restore calm<br> <br> <font size=+1>ange naTanda amaLiye ennaale muTinjavare amaidipaNNuneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried my best to appease people and calm them down after the tense situation there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pasi tiiru)</font> 2 intr (3.pn.) <br> slake or quench, as hunger, thirst; satisfy, sate, satiate, relieve, assuage<br> . <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTukku vanda saamiyaarukku pasi tiindatu. avaru ippa eLappuraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The sage who came to our house has had his hunger appeased, and he is now taking rest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>applaud</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaitaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> clap hands, express approval with applause<br> <br> <font size=+1>serappu peeccaaLar peesi muTiccadum ellaarum kaitaTTi mahizcci teriviccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the chief guest completed his speech the assembled multitude applauded and expressed their happiness</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pohaz @(n tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> praise, cherish, appreciate, worship<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla kaariyangaLe seyravanga ellaaraaleyum pohazappaTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Those who do good things for society will be applauded by all</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>apply</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> devote o.s. to s.t.; work hard, diligently<br> <br> <font size=+1>podu veelengaLle onne iiTupaTuttradu onnooTa vaLarccikki nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>Applying yourself when it comes to common causes is good for your personal development</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> spread, smear, apply, as medicine on the surface of the body; rub in or on<br> . <br> <font size=+1>maruttuvaru kuTutta marunde leesaa kaimeele appaTiyee iTu; adu poodum</font><br> <font size=+1>All you need to do is just apply the medicine the doctor gave you gently on the hand</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(appu)</font> 3 tr <br> apply as a lotion; smear on; stick on<br> <br> <font size=+1>idenna, onnooTa maha kannam puuraavum marunde ippaTi appiyirukkraa?</font><br> <font size=+1>You mean to tell me that your has daughter applied the medicine on her cheek like this?</font><br> 1) (ottu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> smear on, daub, paint; grease streak, smudge, mark, soil, dirty; (inf.) splotch, splodge<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTukku poona maasandaan veLLe puusinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We applied whitewash to our house just last month</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(viNNappi)</font> 6b tr <br> make (an) application; submit or present o.s. for a job; make a request for a job by filling out forms, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa tambi arasuttureyle maruttuvar veelekki viNNappiccirukkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>My younger brother has applied for a position as a doctor in a government hospital</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strike; apply s.t. by strokes, such as whitewash or paint, with a brush, e.g. beaten against a stick.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sunnaambu aTiccikalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>(We) could apply whitewash; (we could whitewash it)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavu)</font> 3 tr <br> annoint; apply or rub oil into o's hair<br> <br> <font size=+1>taleyle eNNe teeccadukkappuram taleye vaarikko</font><br> <font size=+1>Comb your hair after you apply hair oil</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(apLai paNNu)</font> 6b intr <br> make application, as for a job<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veelekki nii oTanee apLai paNNaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should apply for this job immediately.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(appu)</font> 3 tr <br> put or place on a surface, as colors, paint, plaster, etc.; dab, as powder, lipstick, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda poNNu konjam pauTare mohattile appikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The girl applied some powder to her face.</font><br> 1) (ottu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>appoint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neyami)</font> 6b tr <br> assign, nominate; select; co-opt<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamasaamiye pudu niidibadiyaa iNNekki arasu neyamiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government appointed Ramasami to a judgeship today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(amattu)</font> 3 tr <br> employ, name to a position<br> . <br> <font size=+1>tamiz vaLarcci iyakkunaraa tiru. naagaraasangravare paNiyile amattunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They appointed Mr. Nagarajan as the Director of Tamil Development.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(padaviyle amattu)</font> 3 tr <br> install in office; assign a job or role to; nominate, name, designate, commission, engage, co-opt; select, choose, elect, vote in<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalvaru naaLekki mandirihaLe padaviyle amattuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister will appoint the ministers tomorrow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>appoint (as s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkaa ame @(rb tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> retain s.o. as counsel in a suit<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne inda vaakkule vazakkaa ameccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He appointed me as counsel in this suit.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>apportion</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pahundu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> allocate, assign as share; dole out, distribute<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan naTuneleyooTa irundu aNNan tambikki avanga sotte pahundukuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I acted as a mediator to apportion the property between the older and younger brothers</font><br> 1) (pahuttukkuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>appreciate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(osaru)</font> 2 intr <br> increase in value or number; go up, mount, shoot up<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavule velevaasi ippa romba osandirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The cost of living in India has appreciated a lot recently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(madippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> evaluate worth, etc., of; estimate<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman nalla samuuha seevahanaa madikkappaTuyaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman is appreciated and valued as a good social-service minded person</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puri)</font> 2b intr (3 pn + dat) <br> be sensitive to, be aware of; understand, comprehend <br> . <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaaru veLakkradu enakku puriyudu. aanaa ennaale tirumba veLakka muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I am able to understand and appreciate what the teacher is saying, but I don't seem to be able to explain it back</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(osattu)</font> 3 tr <br> increase value of, raise; inflate, upgrade<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nelattooTa madippe ippa osatta irukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are working on getting the value of this land to appreciate now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> applaud, praise, acclaim, honor, congratulate<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla samudaaya seeve seyravangaLe naama paaraaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to appreciate and praise those who do good social service</font><br> 1) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>apprehend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> seize a criminal; catch, hold; (inf.) nab, grab, hook and book; entangle<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaval torekkaaranga tale maravaa irunda kolle kuuTTatte piTiccadu rombavum mahizcci tarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was really satisfying that the police department was able to apprehend the criminals who were hiding</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>apprehensive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel fear, dread, be scared; be uneasy, worry<br> <br> <font size=+1>idule bayappaTradukku oNNum ille appaTiNNu pala taTave naan avarukiTTe solliyirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have told him many times that there is nothing to be apprehensive about</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(bayappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> fear, dread, be fearful of, worry about<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTikkravangaLe paattaa ennooTa sahoodaran romba bayappaTraan</font><br> <font size=+1>My brother is very apprehensive around people who drink too much</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>approach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> seek protection, help, or benefits; seek the sponsorship of<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne aNTi pozekka vandavangaLukku ennaale muTinjade naan eppavum senjirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have always tried my best to assist those who approached me for help in making a living</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> make an approach to, speak to; make a proposal to<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vishayatte patti avare paakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's approach him about this matter.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungu)</font> 3 intr <br> (be)come near or closer, come together, draw near; be on the same page<br> <br> <font size=+1>taniccirunda anda reNTu kaccingaLum ippa ooraLavukku nerungi varraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The two political parties that were on different tracks are now approaching each other, to a certain extent</font><br> 1) 2c intr<br> 2) (maruvu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkattule vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come near, come closer<br> , . <br> <font size=+1>een tambi ivvaLavu bayappaTree? summaa pakkattule vaayeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you so afraid of me, young man? Please approach</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>approach (obliquely)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTule pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> entice, decoy, make oblique approaches, make a pass at, angle<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ahappaTaleeNNaa tuuNTule pooTTu paareen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you are not able to get her, approach her in a more indirect way and see what happens</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>appropriate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaru)</font> 2 tr <br> steal, take another's property as o's own; annex, absorb<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezeyaana avane meraTTi avanooTa sottu ellaatteyum inda periyavaru vanjahamaa kavandukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>This rich and powerful man went and deceitfully appropriated the property of that poor man</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urimeyaakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take possession of, get o's hands on; take over, expropriate<br> <br> <font size=+1>tarisu nelatte eeze eLiyavangaLukku arasu urime aakkikka sandarpam kuTuttu varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>the government is now creating opportunities for poor people to appropriate waste land legally</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tanvasamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. o's own; get o's hands on s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>idu ennooTa tangecciyooTe nahe. anda poNNu ade eppiTiyoo tanvasamaakkikkiTTaa.</font><br> <font size=+1>This is my sister's jewelry; that girl has somehow appropriated it for herself</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaru)</font> 2 tr <br> steal, take over another's property, seize the assets of; help o.s. to s.t. illegally, expropriate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTeyile irunda modalaaLiyooTa poruLe veeleyaaLu kavandukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The worker appropriated some of his boss' property he found in the shop</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(urimeyaakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take possession of; annex; take over illegally<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkattule irunda nelatteyum anda modalaaLi ade tannooTa urime aakkikiTTaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That big landlord has appropriated land adjoining his own land</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>approve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anumadi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> authorize, approximate, ratify, sanction<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu kaTTaTangaLe kaTTa aaTcikkuzu anumadikuTuttrukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The trustees of the university have approved the construction of new buildings</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>approximate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiTTattaTTa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be similar in value to; approach the value of; come to; be so-so; be more or less the case; be near, be about right, be more orless correct, on the mark, be in the neighborhood of<br> <br> <font size=+1>adooTa vele kiTTattaTTa ambadu ruubaayaavadu irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Its price is approximately fifty rupees, I guess</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>argue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puusaliTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dispute hotly, quarrel, altercate, quibble<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna cinna vishayangaLukku kuuTa maaNavanga tangaLukkuLLe saNTe pooTTukeaanga appaTingradu varuttam tarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's very sad that the students argue among themselves over such small things</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaadaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> argue for or against, esp. judicially; advocate a point or case; contend or disagree; wrangle; plead, as in court<br> <br> <font size=+1>naavarasu vazakkule nallaa vaadaaTi jeyicca vakkiilu ivarudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's the very same lawyer who argued the Navarasu murder case and won</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vevaadi)</font> 6b tr <br> debate, dispute<br> <br> <font size=+1>koLke vevaadattukku enga kacci eNNekkum tayaaraa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Our political party is always prepared to argue in favor of the debate on policies and principles</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTeyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> quarrel, wrangle, dispute, quibble, pick a fight; raise petty objections, cavil, carp, pettifog, split hairs; (inf.) nitpick<br> <br> <font size=+1>endavida kaaraNamum illaame enga veeleyaaLu ennooTa saNTe pooTuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>For no reason at all our servant boy picks fights and argues with me For no reason at all our servant argues with me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(edirvaadam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> speak against; oppose; debate; controvert, rebut<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTTimanrattule kalandukoLLa edirvaadam seyyra terame niccayam veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>It is necessary to be able to argue well if you take part in debates</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pera)</font> 7 intr <br> be born of, proceed from, originate from<br> <br> <font size=+1>pala aanmiiha periyavanga poranda maNNule iNNekki edirpaakkaada jaadimada kozappanga tooNivarradu varuttamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It is a sad state of affairs that a lot of caste- and religious-based tensions arise in unexpected ways these days</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> come into existence; take place, occur; come to the fore; develop<br> , , .<br> <font size=+1>apparam, oru kashTam eerpaTTaa, kavale paTamaaTTiinga.</font><br> <font size=+1>Then, if some problem arises, you won't worry.</font><br> 1) (tooNu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ezundiru)</font> 7 intr <br> arise from the dead; be resurrected; rise again<br> .<br> <font size=+1>muuNaavadu naaLu, kristtuvar eendirundaaru.</font><br> <font size=+1>On the third day, Christ arose again.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> formed, be; take shape, develop<br> . <br> <font size=+1>viiramarabu iTaikkaalattule eerpaTTadu. aanaa adu mudaLaalittuvam ozinjupoora varekkum irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Chivalry arose during the Middle Ages and lasted until feudalism was abolished</font><br> 1) (tooNu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poorkkoolam koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be ready for battle or debate<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona varusham indiyaa poor koolam koLLa veeNTiyadaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It became necessary for India to arm for battle last year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poorkoolam koLLu @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> equip a country with armaments, etc.; be ready for battle or war<br> <br> <font size=+1>indyaa paakistaan oravu meembaTTa neleyle reNTu naaTungaLukkum eTeyule poorkoolam koLra suuznele tavukkappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The situation between India and Pakistan has changed lately, and each side has begun to back away from constantly arming itself for war.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arraign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttamsaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> accuse, indict, bring s.o. formally before a court of law<br> j . <br> <font size=+1>arasu sotte vaanginadaa jeyalalitaa meele kuttam saaTTiyirukkraanga. vazakku naTandu varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Ms. Jeyalalitha has been accused of purchasing government property, and has been arraigned in court</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arrange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungu paTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> organize, bring into order, line s.t. up, straighten up; align, clean up<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa ruumle irukkra saamaangaLe ozungu paTuttaradudaan ennooTa modal veele</font><br> <font size=+1>My first job today is to arrange all the stuff in my room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaaTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make arrangements or preparations<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tirumaNa virundukku nalla eerpaaTu seyya veeNTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I have to arrange things properly for the marriage banquet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put in order, adjust, line things up<br> . <br> <font size=+1>unnooTa ruumle eedum sariyaa ille. adanaale ellaatteyum sariyaa eTuttu vaccu ozungupaTuttu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nothing is in order in your room, so you better arrange everything and get stuff organized</font><br> 1) (variseppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(koodu)</font> 3 tr <br> do the hair; comb or stroke the hair; preen, adjust feathers aright<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa samsaarattooTa tale muTiye avaru nallaa koodi viTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He managed to arrange his wife's hair very nicely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> arrange, set in order<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTukki vecca tuNihaLe kalaccuTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>I have arranged those clothes neatly, so don't mess them up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(eeeraaTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make arrangements for; prepare for, fix things up for<br> j <br> <font size=+1>puujeykki naan naalu naaLaa eerpaaTu senjikiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have been arranging things for the pooja for the past four days.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put s.t. in a neat manner; put in order<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTukku pooradukku munnaale puttahatteyellaam ozungupaTutti meeseyile vacciTTu poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Before you go home, arrange all the books and leave them on the table</font><br> 1) (variseppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arrange to stay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tangaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> permit to stay; make arrangements for s.o. to spend a night; accommodate, make accommodations for s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kennaTi eerpoorTTule enne oru naaLu tanga viTTaanga.</font><br> <font size=+1>They arranged for me to stay one night at JFK airport</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arranged, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozangaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be in rows, in right order<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga ade aTukki veccappuram adu romba ozungaa irukku, appaTingradule konjamum sandeeham ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is no doubt that you've arranged it all properly and it's all in order</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arranged, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(variseppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be in rows, in right order; be ordered, be orderly<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ezudiyirukkrade sariyaa variseppaTutti engiTTe kuTuttaa romba nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's good that you've got all those things you've written arranged in the right order so you can give them to me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arrest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiduseyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> apprehend, seize, capture, put in detention, detain, lock up; take into custody, take prisoner, put in jail; (inf.) pick up, pull in, pinch, bust, nab, do, collar, hook and book<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizaga kaaval torekkaaranga kaTesiyaa anda tiruTTu gumbale kaidusenjuTTaanga appaTingradu nimmadi kuTukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's very comforting to all that the Tamilnadu police department has finally arrested the robbers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> check, stop, inhibit, prevent, put a stop to; delay or block the progress or action of; hinder, obstruct, hamper, hold back/up, delay, interfere with, disrupt, retard, slow (down); block, check, stop,<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavule amme nooyi paravaama taTuttadu periya kaariyam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's a great achievement that India has managed to arrest (the spread of) small pox</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arrive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> draw near, reach, approach; land in/at; attain o's destination<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona varusham sepTambar maasam naan amerikkaavukku nalamaa vandu seendeen</font><br> <font size=+1>It was last year in September that I arrived in America, safe and sound</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vandaTe)</font> 2 tr <br> reach, attain a destination, come into possession of<br> <br> <font size=+1>toNeveendarunga maanaaTTukkaaha ellaarum laNTan vandaTenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The vice-chancellors finally all arrived in London for the vice-chancellors' conference</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arrive at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooyseeru)</font> 2 tr <br> reach, approach; attain a goal; get somewhere<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanga naalu maNikkee ingeyrundu porappaTTaanga; idukkuLLe niccayamaa viiTTukku pooyi seendiruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They left here at about 4 o'clock, so I think by now they should have arrived home</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vanduseeru)</font> 2 intr <br> reach, approach (the present point), come into the presence of<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamaa anuppcirunda pustahak kaTTu neettu tabaalle nallabaTi vanduseendadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The book parcel that was sent by my uncle arrived (here) safely yesterday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arrogant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTikkoo)</font> 4 intr <br> be aggressively conceited or presumptuous; be overbearing: be artificial or unnatural; be haughty or affected; be conceited, self-important, egotistic, full of o.s., superior; pompous, bumptious,<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku vanda laaTTari paNatte vaccikiTTu romba vara vara alaTTikkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been acting very arrogantly since he won the lottery</font><br> 1) (karvamaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (viimbaayiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> be haughty, impudent, insolent, puffed up<br> . <br> <font size=+1>pudu paNakkaaran aanadum anda vyaabaari rombadaan tuLLraaru. adu nalladukkalla appaTiNNu sollivayyinga</font><br> <font size=+1>That merchant is very arrogant because he has recently become very rich. Why don't you have it out with him?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arrogant, behave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(timiraa naTandukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> behave haughtily or arbitrarily; be overbearing; throw o's weight around<br> <br> <font size=+1>siitaa eppavum timiraavee naTandukkraa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sita is always behaving arrogantly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>articulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> speak out, state o's case; enunciate, pronounce, voice, say, utter, express, vocalize; make a clear oral presentation of s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ongaLooTa karutte niinga teLivaa eTuttu sollunga. appodaan adu sariyaa eTupaTum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to articulate your case very carefully; then only will it be properly heard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaa uccari)</font> 6b intr <br> pronounce clearly; enunciate<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maaNavan tamiz olingaLe teLivaa uccarikka pazahikiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That student has learned to articulate the sounds of Tamil very clearly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaa peesu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> speak clearly, explain a position<br> <br> <font size=+1>siiccekki perahu enga appaa teLivaa peesuraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>After the (medical) treatment, my father can articulate much more clearly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ascend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> mount, climb, scale, go up, get into (a vehicle)<br> <br> <font size=+1>tensing-ngravaru moda moda evarasT male ucciyile eerinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>It was Tensing, along with Sir Edmond Hillary, who first ascended Mount Everest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ascertain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> check, find out, determine<br> <br> <font size=+1>edu nalladu edu keTTadu appaTingrade oruttaru terinju vaccirukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>A person should certainly try to ascertain what is good and what is bad</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTTuppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> find out by touching<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu nalla paTTudaanaa appaTingrade toTTupaattee terinjukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's easy to ascertain whether it's good silk or not, just by touching it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ascribe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saatti sollu)</font> 3b tr <br> attribute a reason to; give credit to s.o. for s.t.; impute, assign, put down, accredit, credit, chalk up to; blame on, lay at the door of; connect with, associate with, give as an excuse <br> <br> <font size=+1>avan teervule toolvi aTenjadukku oTambu soham illaadadudaan kaaraNamNNu saatti sonnaan </font><br> <font size=+1>He ascribed the reasons for his failure on the exam to his recent illness.</font><br> 1) (kaaraNam sollu @Nc tr@) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ashamed (be, feel)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vekkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be abashed or embarrassed; be mortified, be shy, be reluctant<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga maaNavangaLooTe naTatteye paattu naan romba veTkappaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I really felt ashamed of our students' behavior</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ashamed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(talekunivaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> grow abject or shameful; hang o's head in shame<br> <br> <font size=+1>toNTarhaLooTa naTatte talevarukku talekunivaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The actions of his followers made the leader ashamed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ask</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> question, hear, listen, ask about, ask after, ask for; inquire, put or pose a question to, query, interrogate, quiz, cross-examine, catechize; (inf.) pump, give the third degree to, grill, roast, pu<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu naTanda peeTTiyle nereya kashTamaana keeLvingaLe keeTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They asked me a number of difficult questions during the interview yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 3 tr <br> question, inquire<br> <br> <font size=+1>ongiTTe avaru enna sonnaaru appaTiNNu naan keeTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I asked him what it was he said to you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(visaari)</font> 6b tr <br> ask for information, ask about, ask after, inquire, cross examine<br> <br> <font size=+1>cenneyle irukkra veeppeerikki pooha edu nalla vazi appaTiNNu vaziyle oruttare visaaricceen</font><br> <font size=+1>En route, I asked a man for directions on the best way to get to Veppery in Chennai</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(varaccollu)</font> 3c tr <br> (pst tns only) invite, ask s.o., summon s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa naNbarunga reNTu peere en viiTTukku virundukku varacconneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I asked two of my friends to come to my house for dinner yesterday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ask (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> request, ask for, require, seek; entreat; beg for; need<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaNTavaa enakku nalla oTal nalatte kuTu appaTiNNu veLLikkezame kooyille veeNTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>On Friday I prayed to the Lord Almighty in the temple, asking "O lord give me good health"</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ask for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeTTukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> entreat, solicit, beg<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku odavi teeveNNaa nii avarkiTTe keeTTukoo</font><br> <font size=+1>if you need help, ask him for it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ask s.o. to come</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aze)</font> 6 tr <br> invite, request, bid , summon; request s.o.'s company/presence at<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii avaLe een azecce appaTingradu enakku teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I do not know why you went and asked her to come</font><br> 1) (varac collu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>asked, get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu @njb tr@)</font> 3 tr <br> question, inquire<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelekki neeram kazicci vandadaale een taamadam appaTiNNu nereya keeLvingaLe keeTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I was late to work today, I got asked a lot of questions</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>aspire to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ishTappaTu @(sh tr)@)</font> 2 tr <br> desire or wish for strongly<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa mahan samudaaya seeve seyyaNum appaTiNNu rombavum ishTappaTraan</font><br> <font size=+1>My son very much aspires to get involved in doing social service</font><br> 1) (aaseppaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> attack with blows or words, assault verbally; make a concerted or violent attack on; pounce on, set upon/about, fall on, charge, rush, storm; (inf.) lay into, tear into, pitch into, jump all over; b<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa enne neettu kaTum vaartaingaLaale taakkunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father assailed me with a slew of harsh, angry words yesterday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assault</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzu)</font> 2 tr <br> besiege, surround, set upon from all sides, attack a fortress<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTenga naalaapuramum anda araNmaneye suuzndinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the army assaulted the fortress from all four sides</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 4 intr <br> rape<br> <br> <font size=+1>kole veri piTicca andap paadahan andappoNNe keTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>that crazed man assaulted and raped that woman</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oreccuppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> appraise metal, esp. gold, by rubbing on a touchstone<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu nalla tangandaanaa appaTiNNu anda ore kallule oreccu paarungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>why not assay the gold by rubbing it on the touchstone to find out if it's pure or not?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nooTTampaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> appropriate, evaluate, examine (esp. of metals); test (as gold, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>pahal neerattule nooTTampaakkradukku tiruTangaLooTe nookkam</font><br> <font size=+1>The government maintains an office where you can take gold samples to be assayed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assemble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> gather, meet, associate, get together<br> <br> <font size=+1>ovvoruvaaramum bodankezame inda areyile aaraaycci kuuTTam kuuTrudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The research forum assembles weekly on Wednesdays in this hall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTu)</font> 6 tr <br> bring, put, or gather together, as for a book; edit, as an anthology<br> <br> <font size=+1>puukkaLe toTuttu muTiyile veccukko</font><br> <font size=+1>Gather the flowers together and arrange them in your hair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> collect; bring together; bring/put together, gather, collect, round up, marshal, muster, summon, congregate, accumulate, amass, rally, convoke. <br> <br> <font size=+1>en sondakkaarangaLe kuuTTi aalosane seyyapooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to assemble my relatives and discuss things with them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> agree, accede to<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan keeTTa saamaane tarradaa enga appaa kaTesiyle ottukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father finally assented to give me the things I asked for</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(valiyuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> insist upon, claim strongly or forcefully; demand o's rights<br> <br> <font size=+1>naharaacci uruppinaru peesunappa enga tohudikki oru pudu paLLikkuuTam veeNum appaTiNNu valeyuruttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When the member of the district council was speaking he asserted that a new school should be built in our district</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> state, declare<br> <br> <font size=+1>inge varuhe tandappoo, pudu kalluuri oNNu toTangappaTum NNu ameccar sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Minister declared during his visit here that a college will be started here soon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak strongly or vehemently; attack verbally; claim<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tappee seyyaleNNu avan aTiccu peesinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He asserted that he did not make any mistake whatsoever</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(valiyuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> insist upon, demand o's rights; state, claim; declare, announce, maintain, pronounce, proclaim, contend, aver, swear, avow, attest, affirm, allege, postulate<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaLooTa vaattyaaru tirumbat titrumba andak karutte valiyurutti sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>our teacher asserted that point over and over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assess</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varividi)</font> 6b tr <br> impose a levy or tax; raise (tax)<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu arasu pudusaa vari edeyum vidikkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The new government has not assessed any new taxes recently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiiTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> estimate, make an assessment<br> <br> <font size=+1>palhalekkazaha maaniyakkuzu anju varushattukku oru taTave nidi madippu seyradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The University Grants Commission assesses the financial needs of the universities once every five years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> evaluate; contrast and assess the value of; evaluate or estimate the nature, value, or quality of s.t.; assay<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanga nahehaLe madippiTuvadule en tambi teramesaali</font><br> <font size=+1>My brother is good at assessing the value of gold jewelry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niccayi)</font> 6b tr <br> designate, allocate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuppusaamikki seyalaaLar padavi appaTiNNu munnaaTiyee niccayiccadu yaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who was responsible for the decision to assign the secretaryship to Mr.Kuppusamy way before the election?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNam sollu @Nc tr@)</font> 3 tr <br> ascribe as reason; justify<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii inda veeleye ippaTi senjadukku enna kaaraNam solluve appaTiNNu enakku teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't imagine what reason you could possibly assign for doing this work in this way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veele kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> schedule or distribute work assignment, workload, duties, responsibilities, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>pudu veelekkaaran viiNaa pozude kazikkuraan. avanukku eedaavadu veele oTanee kuTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the new servant is essentially wasting his time, we'd better assign him some work immediately</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> transfer property; sign over title to; write off; sign off on<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda periyavaru tannooTa sottule kaalvaasiye darma kaariyangaLukku ezudivaccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That eminent person assigned one fourth of his property to charity</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> allot specifically, specify, earmark<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanakkuNNu taniyaa eTam odukkikkuTukkaNum appaTiNNu tambi piTivaadam seyraan</font><br> <font size=+1>My little brother is adamant that he should be assigned a separate place of his own</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put to use, apply, utilize; specify as required<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ezudina pattu pustahanga pala kalluuringaLle paaTa pustahangaLaa payanpaTuttappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Ten different books that I wrote have been assigned as text books in a number of different colleges</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assimilated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be absorbed in, become one with, become like s.t.; inhabit<br> j <br> <font size=+1>sivaaji gaNeesan veerapaaNTiya kaTTapomman paattrattooTa oNNuppoonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>In that movie about Kattabomman, Sivaji Ganesan managed to totally assimilate himself into the role</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aikkiyam aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become more alike, similar to, or absorbed in<br> <br> <font size=+1>amerikkaavule kuTiyeerinavanga reNTu talemorekki appuram naaTTooTe pazakkavazakkangaLooTa aikkiyamaayTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>After most immigrant groups are in America for two generations, they become fully assimilated.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toNe seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> help, assist, cooperate, abet, lend a hand<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa sneydan ennooTa kashTa kaalattule rompa toNe senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>During the time when I was having a lot of trouble, my friend assisted me in many ways</font><br> 1) (odavi seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> lend a hand, lend assistance, take part in<br> . <br> <font size=+1>taniyaa anda aaLu romba kashTappaTraaru. konjam kaikuTuttu odavunga</font><br> <font size=+1>That guy is all alone and is having a hard time; you could assist him a little</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>associate (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTa seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> be joined as partners; be pals<br> j <br> <font size=+1>kaNNanooTa jaanum kuuTaseendu nahe veevaaram seyraan</font><br> <font size=+1>John is associated with Kannan as a partner in their jewelery business</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be fond of, be a hanger-on; kiss up or suck up to; be a leech<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaNakkupuLLe eppavum nallaa paseyuLLa modalaaLiyaa paattutaan oTTikkuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That accountant is the sort who only associates with people who have money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> keep company with; consort with; have dealings with; have associations with; (inf.) hang out with<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalluuri naaTkaLle naan avaLooTa pazahineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was associated with her during my college days</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>associated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seendiru)</font> 7 intr <br> come together, live together; be bound in a partnership<br> <br> <font size=+1>innum sela varushamaavadu niinga reNTu peerum seendiruppadu veevaarattukku nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It would be good for the business if you two could be associated with each other as partners for a few more years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assume</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> presume, think to o.s.; suppose to be the case, without proof: take for granted, presuppose, presume, imagine, think, believe, fancy, expect, accept, suspect, surmise, understand, gather, guess, rec<br> . <br> <font size=+1>veelekkaaran nallavan appaTiNNu neneccikiTTrundeen. aanaa ennooTa eNNam tappaayiTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>I had assumed that the servant was a good person. But later on my assumption was proven to be wrong</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nene)</font> 6b tr <br> think of s.t. as s.t. else; mistake s.o. for s.o. else; take for granted<br> , , <br> <font size=+1>ange varradu kaNNan ille raaman appaTiNNu naan nenecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I assumed that the person coming along there was Raman instead of Kannan</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> seize, take or base on as a shape, etc.; appropriate<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTTaTatte maadiriyaa eTuttukkiTTu veere pudu kaTTaTatte kaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Assuming this building as a model, we're supposed to build a new one</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> presume; take as evident; suppose, take for granted, presuppose, presume, imagine, think, believe, fancy, expect, accept, suspect, surmise, understand, gather, guess<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan solradu uNme appaTiNNu naan manasaara neneccikiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I assumed that what he said to me was the truth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudii sollu @Nc tr@)</font> 3 tr <br> reassure, guarantee; swear up and down; tell s.o. s.t. positively in order to dispel potential doubts; declare to, affirm to, give o's word to, promise, swear to, certify to, pledge to, vow to, att<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama sonna veeleye muTiccu kuTukkradaa avaru engiTTe urudisonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He assured me that he would finish the work we were assigned</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>astonish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adisayikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> strike with wonder, amaze<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki uLLa neleyle olahattule eerpaTTirukkra vinjaana saadanenga ellaareyum adisayikkavekkudu-NNu tuNinju sollalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>It must definitely be said that some of the scientific advancements that have taken place in the world have really astonished a lot of people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>astonished, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizi)</font> 6b intr <br> be or remain astonished or perplexed, esp. w. eyes open wide<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>een appaTi vizikkree? idu enna naTakkakkuuTaada nehazcciyaa enna?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you so astonished? Is this is some type of unheard-of thing that's not supposed to ever happen?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>astound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adisayikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> astonish, strike with wonder, amaze; (inf.) knock s.o.'s socks off, blow s.o. away<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaalattule ameerikka vinjaaninga sandiranle kaalveccu olahatte adiceyikkaveccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>At that time, American scientists astounded the world by landing on the moon</font><br> 1) (bramiccupoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>astounded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehe)</font> 6b intr <br> be perplexed; be taken aback; be bewildered<br> !<br> <font size=+1>poNNu koLLekkaaringaLum iruppaangaaNNu tehecceen!</font><br> <font size=+1>I was astounded to know that female criminals existed!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>astray, go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sedaru)</font> 3 intr <br> get scattered, disperse, be squandered (as money)<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTiyile veccirunda muttu ellaam eppaTi kiize sedaricciNNu teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know how all those pearls that were kept in the box managed to go astray</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>astringent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tovaru)</font> 6 intr <br> be of harsh or bitter taste; be constricting, constrictive, contracting; be styptic<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puLiyambazam romba tovakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This variety of tamarind fruit is very astringent and tastes harsh and bitter</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>atone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazuvaa teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> expiate (sins, etc.); be made accountable for; make amends or reparation for; make up for, compensate, pay, recompense, make good, offset; do penance for<br> <br> <font size=+1>iduvare nii senjirukkra paavangaLukku kazuvaa teeTradu mukkiyam</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to atone for the sins that you have committed so far</font><br> 1) (iiTuseyyi @(nb intr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> affix, stick, adhere, put on<br> <br> <font size=+1>padivu tabaalukku ippa irubadu ruubaa sTaampu oTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays if you want to send a registered letter you have to attach a twenty rupee stamp!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parimodalseyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take by legal authority; confiscate, appropriate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nelavari kaTTaadadanaale arasaangam avanooTa sotte neettu parimodal senjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he didn't pay the proper land tax, the Government attached his property as of yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> connect, join, associate; hook up or together<br> <br> <font size=+1>taniyaa irunda reNTu kambiyum eNacci enga taNNi erekkra eendaratte iyanga vacceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was able to attach the two separate electric wires and get our water pump to work</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> connect, join or bind together; harness, hitch up, couple, yoke<br> <br> <font size=+1>paseyaale inda peeppare eNe</font><br> <font size=+1>Attach these two sheets of paper to each other with glue.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attached, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(appu)</font> 3 tr <br> stick to s.t., adhere to; become affixed to<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuusi-tumbalellaam en muukku vaaykk-ellaam appikkiTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dust and dirt attaches itself to my nose and mouth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be fond of, be an adherent of; gravitate toward<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppaTiyaavadu vasadi irukkravangaLooTa oTTikradule suuran avan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is quite an expert at attaching himself to people who have money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> assault with blows or words; jump or pounce on; shoot with weapons; charge forward; set/fall upon, strike at, storm, pounce upon, beset, besiege, beleaguer; strike, fall down on; fall or descend up<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda koTuuramaana gumballe irundavanga ange irunda ellaareyum taakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>That unruly bunch attacked all the people who were gathered there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> attack the reputation or virtue of s.o.; disparage s.o.; put s.o. down, bad mouth s.o., abuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>tarakkorevaa tuuttradu arasiyalule naTakkara oNNutaanee</font><br> <font size=+1>It's quite common in politics for people to attack each other over the issue of s.o.'s reputation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ediru)</font> 6 tr <br> stand up against, oppose<br> .j . . . . . . <br> <font size=+1>inda more pa.ja.ka.ve eduttu a.ti.mu.ka.kacci pooTTipooTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This time in the general election, the ADMK directly attacked the BJP party</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stab, strike; attack with knives<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaziyile poona poNNe kayye piTiccu izuttavane ange irundavanga nallaa kutti anuppinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people who were there attacked, stabbed, and chased off the guy who had sexually harrassed the woman, who just happened to be passing by</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ode)</font> 6b tr <br> kick<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kaNavan tan manaiviye kaalaale eTTi odeccaan. adanaale ava viiTTe viTTu veLiye pooyiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Her husband attacked her and kicked her so she fled from the house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> assault, fight with; fall upon s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattirile paadiriyaare yaaroo taakkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone attacked his Dad during the night.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> accomplish, achieve; get what o. wants; obtain results, reach goals<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanakku kuTukkappaTTa veeleye enga aasiriyaru romba nalla moreyile nereveettinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Very systematically, our teacher attained his goals and fullfilled the tasks he had set himself</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eydu)</font> 3 tr <br> attain or reach a state, status, position<br> <br> <font size=+1>vazkkeyile romba kashTappaTTu ozeccu inda nalla neleye aTenjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I worked very hard in my life to finally attain this decent status</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attempt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moyarci senjuppaaru)</font> 6 trr <br> give a try, assay, have a go at s.t.; make a stab at; try s.t. and see for o.s.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda more eppaTiyum oru veele vaanga moyarci senjupaaru. adu oru samayam palanaLikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This time, make an attempt to find a job. You never know when you might succeed.</font><br> (moyaNTupaaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> have a go at s.t., estimate; eyeball<br> / <br> <font size=+1>poruLe paattu veleye sollu/keeLunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Have a look at the things and attempt a fair estimate (of their value)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veele seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> pay attention to work, as a servant, etc.; do the needful<br> <br> <font size=+1>ovvoruttarum avangavanga veeleye senju nalla peeru vaangradu rombavum paaraaTTappaTaveeNTiyadaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It is a good idea to praise people who attend to their work and duties and carry them out well.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go to on a regular basis, attend, as school, office, church,<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enda paLLikkuuTattukku pooree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Which school do you attend?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> look after, take care of as a doctor or nurse; manage, as supervisor, director, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>onne nambitaan inda periya poruppe viTTuTTu pooreen. nii ade nallaa paattukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I am leaving, handing over this responsibility to you in the hope that you will attend to it carefully and responsibly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attentive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavani)</font> 6b tr <br> heed, observe, pay attention to, attend to<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paaTatte ellaa maaNavangaLum nallaa kavanikkaNum appaTiNNu enga vaattiyaaru sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our teacher let us know that all students had better be attentive to this lesson</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(gavaniccuppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> examine, look at with care, attention; be mindful or cautious<br> . <br> <font size=+1>onga veele tiruptiyaa ille. adanaale innum konjam poruppaa kavaniccu paarungaLeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Your work has not been up to standard recently, so you'd do well to be more attentive to your responsibilities</font><br> 1) (gavanamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saacci sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> testify as a witness; give attestations<br> j <br> <font size=+1>raajiiv kole vazakkule nuuttukkum adihamaanavanga saaTci sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the Rajiv Gandhi murder case, more than a hundred people attested in court</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saanTraLi)</font> 6b tr <br> certify or authenticate by affixing signature<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu naTattiya paricceyle moda vahuppule paas paNNinaar appaTiNNu idumuulamaa saanTraLikkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I hereby attest that he has successfully obtained a first class in the examination conducted by the Government</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saanTridaz kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> certify by means of credentials, documents, degrees, diplomas, or certificates; supply certificates or credentials; credential<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naan nallaa veele senjeeNNu ongaLaale oru saanridaz kuTukka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Would you be willing to attest to my good work?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> draw in or up, suck up; pull in; convert, flip<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa tambiye matta kaccikaaranga eppaTiyoo avanga pakkamaa izuttukiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The members of the other political party were somehow able to attract my younger brother to them and their party</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iiru)</font> 6 tr <br> draw to or toward o.s. (as gravity or magnetism); draw attention, entice, captivate, steal<br> <br> <font size=+1>janangaLe iirppadukkaa pudu pudu veLambarangaLe veevaaringa kuTukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Business people advertise a lot in order to attract people's attention</font><br> 1) (kavaru) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attractive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azahaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be lovely, graceful, or fine; be fair, nice-looking<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanaalum ava azahaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Though she is old, she is still attractive</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attribute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karpi)</font> 6b tr <br> assign as a cause; allege as a motive; ascribe reasons for; blame<br> <br> <font size=+1>seyyradeyum senjuTTu ippa adukku edoo oru noNTi kaaraNam karpikkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Having done this intolerable thing, he now attributes his actions to some lame reason or other</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNam kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show s.t. as the reason for s.t. else; attribute s.t. to s.t. else; impute<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avanooTa toolvikku duradirshTatte kaaraNam kaaTTraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He attributes his failure to bad luck.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>attuned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(esenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be in harmony with, be sympathetic to; be in tune with<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru eTattule sela peeru oNNaa seendu kuTiyirukkrapoodu oruttarooTa oruttar esenjirukkradudaan nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>When people join together and live communally, it's good to be attuned to each other's needs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>auction (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eelampooTu @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> sell at an auction<br> <br> <font size=+1>diipaavaLi neerattule kaTengaLle tuNingaLe eelampooTradu oru vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's traditional to have clothing auctions at Deepavali season</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eelavirpane naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> conduct auctions, sales that involve bidding from the floor<br> <br> <font size=+1>eela virpane naTattiyaavadu miidi irukkra saamaangaLe vikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We'll have to auction off the remaining goods somehow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>audit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNikke seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> examine accounts in an official manner; conduct an official enquiry into accounts<br> <br> <font size=+1>maanila arasu nidi kaNakkungaLe varushattukku oru taTave podu aluvalahangaLle naTattudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The state government usually conducts an official audit of the financial accounts in the state offices once a year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakku paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> check accounts, look into accounts<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham laaba nashTam evvaLavu appaTingrade terinjukka sariyaa kaNakku vazakke paarunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please audit the accounts carefully in order to determine the business profit and loss for this year</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>augment</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> increase, supplement; increase, add to, top up/off, build up, enlarge, expand, extend, raise, multiply, swell; magnify, amplify, escalate; improve, boost; (inf.) up, jack up, hike up, bump up, max ou<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela vevasaayinga nelattukku adiha orampooTTu urpattiye adihappaTuttaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some farmers augment their production by using lots of manure</font><br> 1) (perukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>augur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sahunamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be or portend a good or bad omen; be a favorable sign of s.t.; bode, herald, warn, forewarn, foreshadow, be an omen or harbinger of, presage, indicate, signify, signal, promise, threaten, spell, de<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan porappaTTapoodu puune valappakkamirundu eTappakkam poonadu nalla sahunamaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It augured well that when I started to go out, the cat scooted away from right to left</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurisollu, munnaaTi sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> foretell, prophesy, tell fortune from omens; foretell the future<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiye paattu kuri solradu oru more</font><br> <font size=+1>Auguring the future by reading palm lines is one of the methods used by fortune-tellers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keTudale kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> indicate a future misfortune, accident, etc.; suspect, surmise, read, second-guess, outguess, bet, wager, forecast, calculate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sonnadu varungaalattukku keTudale kuriccadaale naanga ellaarum nimmadi illaame irundoom</font><br> <font size=+1>What he said did not augur well for the future, and we were all uneasy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>authorize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihaaram kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> make legitimate, sanction s.t.; give permission to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en peerle varum kaTidatte vaanga naan avanukku adihaaram kuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I authorized him to receive all my mail</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urime aLi)</font> 6b tr <br> give authority to; designate as official; deputize<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa sotte gavanikkavum adukkaaha pattu sadavihida varumaanatteyum kuTuttu urime aLikkreen appaTiNNu avaru sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He said that he would give the authority, not only to look after the property but also 10% percent of the profit to whoever would take care of it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(adihaaram kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> enable; give permission or authority to; delegate authority or empowerment to<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inge veele seyya onakku yaar adihaaram kuTuttadu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who authorized you to work here?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>available, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b intr 3 pn <br> be able to obtain, get; be at the disposal of<br> j , ?<br> <font size=+1>barmaa bajaarukku poonaa, ellaam keTekkum appaTiNNu solraangaLee, adu nejamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>People say that just about everything is available in the Burma Bazaar. Is that true?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>avenge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paziye tiittukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> seek or take vengeance or inflict retribution for a crime or a perceived wrong; repay, pay back, take revenge for, requite, punish, get even for, get back at<br> " ," <br> <font size=+1>"appaave emaattinavanukku tahunda taNTanaye kuTuttu paziye tiikkravarekkum kalyaaNam paNNamaaTToom," appadiNNu muuNu pasangaLum tiirmaaniccanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Though the person who had deceived their father had been appropriately punished, the three sons decided not to get married until their father had been avenged</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>avoid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> check, stop, arrest<br> <br> <font size=+1>periya vibattu naTakka irundade anda vaNTi ooTTunavaru dayiriyamaa taTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Somehow the driver of that car skillfully avoided causing a very serious accident that might have otherwise occurred</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(velakku)</font> 3 tr <br> refrain from, keep away from; keep o's distance from<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga eppavum keTTa manushangaLooTa orave velakkuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We always try to avoid evil-minded people</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taviru)</font> 6 tr <br> desist; keep away or refrain from; eschew, steer clear of; evade, hide from, elude, shirk, dodge; abstain from, hold back from<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozuppusattu uLLa saappaaTTe tavirkkradu onakku nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It would be better for you to avoid food with high fat content</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tavir)</font> 6 tr <br> evade (an unpleasant task, a blow, etc.); dodge; give s.o. the slip; duck (out)<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii een avaLe tavirttuTTee irukke</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you always avoiding her?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tavir)</font> 6 tr <br> to shun<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku vyaadi irukkradunaale ellaarum enne tavirkkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone is avoiding me since I got sick.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tavir)</font> 6 tr <br> avert, ward off, keep off; fend off<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTu poorade eppaTiyaadu tavirkka paattukiTTurukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm trying my best to avoid having to go abroad</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>awaken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> get up from sleep; wake up<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan aaru maNikkee ezumbiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I awakened at 6:00</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>award</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> furnish with garlandry, pendants, etc.; crown with a diadem; confer a title, invest with honors<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham pongal tiruvizaa appo muruhanukku tiruvaLLuvar virude suuTTi arasu avare gauraviccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Murugan was awarded a special title by the government on Pongal Day this year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parisu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make or present a gift<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>jeyiccaa enakku enna parisu kuTuppe?</font><br> <font size=+1>What prize will you award me if I win?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>awful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be extremely bad, as a dream, a performance<br> <br> <font size=+1>seeharooTa neleme moosamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Sekar's condition is just awful</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>babble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> run over at the mouth; fail to control o's words, chat, gossip, jabber, prattle; yak away, blather<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda pombaLenga eppavum vaayaaTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>those women always babble and chatter a lot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> talk volubly; talk foolishly; blat out; rattle on and on<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tuukkattule oLarinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He babbled in his sleep.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>back (s.o.) up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prop up, support; strengthen, reinforce, shore up, underpin, brace, uphold, defend, look after the interests of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava naan varuttamaa irundapoodellaam enne muTTukuTuttu paadukaattaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She backed me up when I was sad and supported me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>backfire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tanne suTu)</font> 4 intr <br> have the opposite effect of what was desired; rebound, boomerang, come back; fail, miscarry, go wrong; (inf.) come back to bite or haunt (you); blow up in o's face; have a boomerang effect;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sonna vaarttenga tirumbi avaneyee suTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His words backfired on him and blew up in his face</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bad, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poodaamaliru)</font> 7 intr <br> be insufficient; be inadequate, be not right; be not enough, fall flat<br> <br> <font size=+1>sakkare poodaamalirundadaale kaappi kasandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The coffee tasted bad because it lacked sugar</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>badmouth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> express censure of; decry; disparage; speak disparagingly (of); cf. also belittle, denigrate, deprecate, play down, trivialize, make light of, undervalue, underrate; ridicule, deride, mock, scorn<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppavum mattavangaLe patti koresolliTTee irukkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't keep badmouthing others all the time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bail (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peNe sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> pay security with bail for; post a bond for<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa ammaa peNe solli avane kaaval toreyleendu viiTTukku azeccu vandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>His mother bailed him out and brought him home from the police station.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>balance (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> level, as ground, etc.; maintain a stable and specific orientation in relation to the immediate environment; steady , stabilize , poise, offset<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTe ameydi avanooTe aatturate samappaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her calm balanced out his anger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>balance out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sari seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make s.t. straight; offset; compensate for<br> <br> <font size=+1>talekki meele irunda kaTane konjam adihamaa varavu sari senjiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>My extra income balanced out my great indebtedness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bandage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bind up, as for a wound; swaddle<br> <br> <font size=+1>maruttuvaru neettu ennooTa kaalle kaTTu pooTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor bandaged my leg yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNe kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cover or blindfold the eyes<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNu sikiccekku pinnaale TaakTarunga maruttuvamaneyle avan kaNNe kaTTinaanga </font><br> <font size=+1>After his eye surgery, doctors bandaged his eyes in the hospital.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>banish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> shun, blacklist, send or drive away; exile, deport, expel, eject, expatriate, cast out, outlaw, transport, oust, evict, throw out, exclude, proscribe, excommunicate<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTTu jananga anda uur raajaave veLinaaTTule sela varushangaLukku taLLiveccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The citizens banished their king to a foreign country for a few years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bankrupt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(divaalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> ruin (s.o. or s.t.) financially; go broke; be busted<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda niruvanam anju varushangaLule avane divaalaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Within five years, this firm had bankrupted him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>barter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNTam maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> exchange (goods or services) without using money; get one for another; trade, swap, exchange, sell<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela graamattuLe innum paNTam maattidaan vaazndukiTTu irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People still barter things for a living in some villages</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>base</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTippaTe aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. the basis or foundation of; ground or establish s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar ozeppayum mariyaadaiyum tann00Ta verriyooTa aTippaTeyaakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He based his success on hard work and respect for others</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bathe ritually</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muzukkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bathe, as an idol; anoint, dedicate, consecrate<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>kumbakooNam kooyille iNNekki saamikki koTamuzukkaaTTinaangaLaamee. sariyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>It seems that the idol of the Lord Almighty at Kumbakonam was given a ritual bath today. Is that correct?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>baulk/balk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuusu)</font> 3 intr <br> hesitate, on the grounds of scruples; object, take exception, take issue, protest, cavil, dissent; voice reservations, be unwilling, be reluctant, think twice; drag o's heels, refuse;<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maadiriyaana vaarttenga keekkavee en kaadu kuusudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My ear baulks at listening to this kind of verbiage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> reside, stay, wait, exist; be located<br> . . ?<br> <font size=+1>ungaLe modalaaLi konjaneeram irukka solraaru. adanaale niinga konja neeram ingeeyee irunga. Okay?</font><br> <font size=+1>Our boss wants you to be here for a while, so please hang around a little longer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be a lie</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poyyaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> give the lie, give a false idea of; be erroneous, inexact, deceiving, misleading, untrue<br> <br> <font size=+1>koorTTule saTaam sonnadellaam poyyaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everything Saddam said in court turned out to be a lie</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be busy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be busy; be preoccupied, be full of activity or people<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan veeleyaa irundadunaale naan avanooTe peesale</font><br> <font size=+1>Because he was busy, I didn't speak with him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be hooked on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be caught, or snagged, as a skirt on a nail, a projection, etc.; be enamored of; be addicted to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avalooTa poTave oru aaNile maaTTikkiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her sari got hooked on a nail</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be in need of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNum)</font> irreg 3pn + dat <br> be required, obliged (to do s.t.); need s.t.; absolutely have to have s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku naaLekkuLLe nuuru Taalar veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I need $100 by tomorrow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be in order</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa iru)</font> 7 intr (+ dat) <br> be suitable for; be proper or agreeable; be attractive or flattering to; get things linked up properly; get o's act together<br> !<br> <font size=+1>enakku yoosane solradukku munnaale nii sariyaa iru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Before telling me what to do, you get your own life in order!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be known as</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peyareTuttiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be said to be; have the reputation of being<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava oru koNaccittra naTihe-NNu peyar pettirukkaa.</font><br> <font size=+1>She is well known as a character actress.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aze)</font> 6b tr <br> call s.o. or s.t. as s.t.; be referred to as s.t.; be famous as<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanjaavuur tamiznaaTTooTe nerkaLanjiyamNNu azekkappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tanjore is known as the granary of Tamil Nadu</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be left over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miindiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a residue; exceed<br> j j <br> <font size=+1>neettu naTanda virundu saappaaTTule konjam daan miindirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There was only a small amount leftover from the various dishes prepared for yesterday's dinner</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be necessary</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avasiyamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be necessary; be urgent, required; be needed, be essential<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga ennooTe maha kalyaaNattule avasiyamaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>It is necessary for you to marry my daughter</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be of two minds</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edileeyum paTTukkoLLaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be uncommitted, undecided, or neutral; be wishy-washy, be on the fence, be neither here nor there; straddle the fence; (inf.) be a mugwump<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veshayattule naan paTTukkoLLaama irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm of two minds on this issue</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be set on/in o's mind (about s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muraTTu puTivaadam puTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be stubborn about s.t.; have a fixed idea about s.t.; have o's mind made up about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNam paNNunaa inda poNNettaan kalyaaNam paNNuveenNNu moraTTu puTivaadam puTikkraan ivan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is set on marrying this girl, and refuses to consider anybody else</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(some)</font> 7 tr <br> carry a load; carry a child, as when pregnant<br> <br> <font size=+1>ombadu maasam kozendeye sumandaa</font><br> <font size=+1>For nine months, she bore that child.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 4 tr <br> give birth to (of people)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vayasaana kaalattule oru mahane pettaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She bore a son at an old age.</font><br> 1) (iinu) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bear (the) sight (of)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paakkakkuuTa piTikkaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unable to tolerate, to bear the sight of s.o. or s.t.; be full of loathing of s.o. or s.t.<br> ; .<br> <font size=+1>naan avane sahikka muTiyalle; paakka kuuTa piTikkaame irukkreen.</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't bear the sight of him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bear (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taangu)</font> 3 tr <br> bear up, stand, support, put up with, endure, tolerate<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>ennaale inda periya kavaleye taanga muTiyale. enna seyya?</font><br> <font size=+1>I am not able to bear this heavy problem. What can I do?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bear witness</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTci sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> testify in court<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niidi manTrattule iNNekki saami poysaaTci sonnaaru. adu avarooTa madippukku eettadille</font><br> <font size=+1>Samy bore false witness in court today, an action beneath the dignity of a person of his stature</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strike, wallop, use corporal punishment<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onga mahan romba tondaravu kuTuttaalum avane aTikkaNumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>So what if your son caused so much trouble, do you have to beat him?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat; strike; scold; rebuke; punish, discipline, castigate, thrash; wallop<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTiyaada maaTu paTiyaaduNNu solluvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The cow that is not beaten will not obey, they say ("Spare the rod and spoil the child.")</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toorkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> defeat, as an opponent in a match, an enemy, etc.; win victory over s.o., as in a match, a game, a contest, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>Tennisle avane yaarum tookkaTikka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can beat him in tennis.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beat (around the bush)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttivaLeccu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> paraphrase, circumlocute, temporize; fail to come to a point; employ delaying tactics; equivocate, procrastinate, play for time, play a waiting game, stall, delay, hang back, prevaricate; hem and ha<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda peeccaaLaru romba suttivaLeccu peesuraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That speaker really beats around the bush</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beat around (the bush)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suusahaama peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> speak unclearly; speak about s.t. without any frankness; prevaricate, equivocate; cover things up with words<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaiccarellaam eppavum suusahamaa peesiyee makkaLe eemaattuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The ministers always beat around the bush and then cheat citizens</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beat up (on s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muraTTuttanamaa naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat s.o. badly, roughly or harshly; mistreat, abuse, kick s.o. around<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar eppavum veelekkaarangaLe muraTTuttanamaa naTattuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's always beating up on his servants</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beat up (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hit s.o. often; beat again and again; knock around or about<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan tan maneviye summaa aTikkradu uNmayaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is it true that he beats up on his wife?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beat, be cf. tired, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLecciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be exhausted or tired; be bushed, be wiped out<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane veele senjusenju kaLecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is beat from working so hard</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beat/crush/pound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooy)</font> 6b tr <br> crush herbs in a mortar; wash clothes by beating<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tuNimaNiye aattu kareyle tooyccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She washed the clothes [by beating them] in the river.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beaten, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toolviyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be defeated; be crushed, whipped <br> <br> <font size=+1>enga kacci ellaa teerdalleyum toolvi aTenjiTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our party is being beaten in all the elections</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toottuppoo)</font> 3 intr <br> be defeated by s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasan poorle muuNu taTaveyum ediringaLaale toottupooyTTaan </font><br> <font size=+1>The king was beaten in all three battles.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beautiful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azahaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be attractive, fair, lovely, gorgeous<br> <br> <font size=+1>kamalaa ammaave poola azahaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Kamala is as beautiful as her mother</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beautify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaNe seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> put on make-up; beautify o.s.; paint the face<br> <br> <font size=+1>maadavi naaTTiyattukku munnaale oppane senjikiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Before the dance performance, Madavi beautified herself</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(singaari)</font> 6b tr <br> decorate, adorn, put on makeup<br> <br> <font size=+1>singaariccadu poodum; siikkiram keLambu</font><br> <font size=+1>Enough of beautifying yourself, get ready quickly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>becalmed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asayaame iru)</font> 7 intr <br> become still, as a ship in the doldrums<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan koLattule aadaame asayaame irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lay still in the pool, totally becalmed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beckon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seheseyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> gesture, sign, call attention, wave<br> <br> <font size=+1>toravinga kaare nirutta sehe senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The ascetics beckoned to the car to stop.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyi aaTTu @N tr@)</font> 6 tr <br> gesture or with hands; wave with the hand, as if to invite s.o.; give a signal, indicate, with the hand<br> " " <br> <font size=+1>"nii poo"-NNu appaa kaiye aaTTunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father beckoned with his hand to tell me to go.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> change from a state; go or get (in)to a particular state; undergo a transition<br> <br> <font size=+1>saayangaalam eezu maNikki apporam iruTTi pooyiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>It becomes dark after seven o'clock in the evening.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>become dark</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meehamsuuzu)</font> 2 intr <br> darken, be covered with clouds (as sky)<br> <br> <font size=+1>maleye meeham suuzndukiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hills became dark by clouds</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bed s.o. down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTukkekki kuuTTikkiTTupoo)</font> 3b tr <br> take or put s.o. to bed<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNu teriyaada ennooTe paaTTiye naan padukkekki kuuTTikiTTu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I took/guided my blind grandmother to bed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bed, make (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTukke pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> prepare a sleeping place for s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattu maNikki ammaa enakku paTukke pooTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>At ten o'clock mother makes up a bed for me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bed, put to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTukkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put a child to bed; put a child down to sleep; bed s.o. down<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandeye anda areyile paTukkavayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Put the child to bed in that room.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bedaubed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(appikiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bedaubed with, smeared, covered with<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNa poNNu mohattule manjaLe appikkiTTrundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The bride's face was all bedaubed with turmeric.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bedazzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malekka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> impress forcefully, enchant, amaze<br> <br> <font size=+1>kapildevooTa krikeTTu aaTTam ellaareyum malekkavaccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody was bedazzled by Kapildev's cricket playing.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bedazzled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asundupoo @Nintr@)</font> 6b intr <br> be charmed, be enchanted, be amazed<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tooTTattu azahule naan asandupooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was enchanted and bedazzled by the beauty of the garden.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bedeck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azahupaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> decorate, adorn, cover with beautiful things<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNattu munnaaTi poNNe azahu paNNuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Before the wedding ceremony, they bedeck the bride with jewels etc. to make her beautiful</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bedraggled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be disheveled, messed up, as hair, appearance, clothing<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattu veehamaa aTiccadanaale tale muTi kalenjirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The wind was blowing hard so my hair got all messed up and bedraggled-looking.</font><br> 1) (seeruhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be disheveled, ragged, messy<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan romba neeram tooTTattule veele senjeen. adanaale saTTe ellaam azukkaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I worked a long time in the garden and as a result, my shirt looks kind of bedraggled.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beef</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moreyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> complain (especially peevishly) grumble, grouse, protest, whine, bleat, (inf.) moan, bellyache, bitch, whinge, kvetch, moan, gripe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanakku sariyaa reeshan keTekkaleNNu moreyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was beefing because he didn't get the proper rations</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>befall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neeriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> happen, come to pass, happen to<br> <br> <font size=+1>sariyaa tiTTam pooTaleNNaa vaazkkeyile kashTam varum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't make good plans, misfortune will befall you in your life</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>befog</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> confuse, render unclear; obfuscate, boggle the mind; be wrapped in mist and fog<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ede sonnaalum kozappuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter what he says, you end up befogged, befuddled, and confused</font><br> 1) (muuTupaniyaale mare) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>before, fall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toottuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> fall before a rival; go down to defeat at the hands of<br> <br> <font size=+1>raavaNan raamankiTTe toottupoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raavanan fell before Raman</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>befoul</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asingappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> defile, sully, mess up; foul up; dirty up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuppengaLe ellaa eTattuleyum pooTTu uure asingapaTutturaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They leave their trash and garbage everywhere and foul up the whole town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>befuddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> confuse, bewilder, mess up, muddle<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe naNbanukku eppavum enne kozappi viTradudaan veele</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend's main object in life seems to be to confuse and befuddle me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poodai vaa)</font> 2 intr <br> intoxicate; make tipsy or drunk; make confused with drink<br> <br> <font size=+1>modal suttu taNNiyileeyee avanukku boode vanduTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>He got totally befuddled when he had his first drink</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poode kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> intoxicate; make tipsy or drunk; make s.o. confused<br> <br> <font size=+1>saakkee kuTiccaa onne ariyaamaleeyee onakku poode kuTuttuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Sake can befuddle you and make you drunk if you don't watch out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beg</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(picceyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> ask for alms, as a beggar; panhandle<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurule nereye peeru picce eTukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In this town there's a lot of people begging</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manTraaTi keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> seek a favor, pray; beseech<br> <br> <font size=+1>poNNooTe appaa maapLekiTTe poNNe kalyaaNam paNNikka solli manTraaTi keeTTukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The girl's father literally begged the groom to agree to marry her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beg off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuviTaveeNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> beg to be released; ask to be dismissed or excused from some obligation<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avar kiTTe anda aaraacci parisu anda aluvalaham tara nenecca poodu, avar tanne summaa viTTuviTa veeNTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When the organization considered awarding him the research prize, he begged off.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beggar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piccekkaaranaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make poor, ruin, reduce to the state of a beggar; bankrupt<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennaale avane piccekkaaranaakka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I wasn't able to bring myself to (make a) beggar (out of) him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>begin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> begin to exist, be established, start (up), develop<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkattu uurule oru pudu uur panjaayattu eerpaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A new village government began operations in the neighboring village</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangu)</font> 3 tr <br> commence s.t.; start (up) a business, work, a course of action; undertake s.t.; pick (a fight)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe freNTu pudusaa oru vyaabaaram toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend has begun a new business</font><br> 1) (toTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>behave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> act in a certain way (usu. well)<br> <br> <font size=+1>periyavanga solrabaTi naama naTakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should behave as our elders say</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>behave (make s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTakkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause a certain kind of behavior, cause a person to act in a certain way<br> <br> <font size=+1>tirukkuraLu nambaLe nalla vaziyile naTakka vaikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The Tirukkural teaches us to behave in a good way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>behave (o.s.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> act in a certain way (usu. well)<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa sollra maadiri naTandukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Do as father says and behave (yourself)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>behead</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(talevaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> decapitate, have or cut off the head of<br> j <br> <font size=+1>raajaa tappu paNNaa tale vaangiTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days, if the king made a mistake, they would simply behead him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>behind, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pindu)</font> 3 intr <br> happen afterwards; be inferior; follow; lag behind<br> , <br> <font size=+1>moyal veehamaa pooccu, aame pindi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hare ran swiftly, while the tortoise lagged behind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>behoove</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTameyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be obliged, be responsible for s.t.; be required to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>puLLengaLe vaLakkradu appaa-ammaa kaTame aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It behooves the parents to raise their own children (properly)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>belabor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTikkiTTee poo)</font> 3b intr <br> dwell on, elaborate or treat at great length, as a point, an argument, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vishayatte niiTTikkiTTee poohaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't belabor the point.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(virittore)</font> 6b tr <br> explain at length, elaborate or dwell on, as an argument, a point, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava eppoodumee oru vinayatte virivaa eTuttu solluvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She always has to belabor the point.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>belch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kakku)</font> 3 tr <br> (of volcanos, engines and guns, etc.) throw out forcefully<br> <br> <font size=+1>havaayi erimale eppavum neruppe kakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>In Hawaii the volcanoes literally belch smoke and fire</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeppamviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> burp, emit wind through the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga saapiTTa porahu tenamum eeppam vuTuriingaLee!</font><br> <font size=+1>What's the matter with you, you always belch after eating!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>believe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambu)</font> 3 tr <br> (acc.+ verb) trust (in) s.t. or s.b.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>naan ava sonnade namballe</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't believe what she said.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karudu)</font> 3 tr <br> hold as an opinion; think; conceive of s.t.; be convinced by, trust, have confidence in, consider honest, consider truthful; be of the opinion that<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda neleyile poorukku pooradu aabattaanaduNNu naan karudureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I believe that it is dangerous to go to war at such a stage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nambu)</font> 3 tr <br> hold an opinion through belief or judgement; deem; consider, regard as, judge, adjudge, hold to be, view as, see as, take for, class as, count, find, esteem, suppose, reckon; think, feel.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>indiyaa jeyikkumNu nambi pandeyattule erangiyirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have placed my bet, believing that India will win</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nambu)</font> 3 tr <br> believe without reason or absolute certainty; be taken in by s.o.; fall under the spell of; be conned by<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooli saamiyaare ellaam nambi eemaandu poohaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't believe suck fake holy men and get tricked.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>belittle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sinnattanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dismiss as unimportant;denigrate; disgrace; debase; scorn; disparage, run down, deprecate, depreciate, downgrade, play down, trivialize, minimize, make light of, treat lightly; bad-mouth; invalida<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa pazakkam eppavum mattavangaLe sinnattanappaTutti peesradudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>His modus operandi is to always belittle others and speak ill of them</font><br> (sirumeppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izivu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> denigrate, trivialize, insult; put down; bad-mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan yaareyum izivu paTutta maaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I won't belittle anyone in any way, shape or fashion</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> criticize severely; find fault with; castigate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan romba kuttam kaNTupiTikkradunaale avanooTa peesavee muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Because he belittles people so much, it's very hard to talk to him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puunekki maNikaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> equip a cat with a bell (fig.: put a stop to s.t.; interrupt some menace or threat)<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>puunekki yaaru maNi kaTTuradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who's going to bell the cat?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bellow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ukkaaram seyyi)</font> 4 intr <br> roar as an ox, bull, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>erudu ukkaaram seyrudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ox bellows loudly</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuccaliTu)</font> 4 intr <br> shout with anger; yell, roar, shout, bawl, thunder, trumpet, boom, bark, shriek, howl, scream; raise o's voice; (inf.) holler, boo<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>Traamaa sariyaana neerattule aarambikkalle; adanaale ellaarum kuuccal pooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the play didn't begin on time, everybody booed and bellowed with displeasure</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(alaru)</font> 3 intr <br> yell, shout with pain or confusion<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een ippaTi alaruree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you bellowing? (Why are you making so much noise?)</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bellyache</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muukkaale azu)</font> 1 intr <br> grumble; complain whiningly; moan and groan; whinge<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ede sonnaalum avan muukkaale azuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter what I say, he just whines and bellyaches</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>belong</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> join with, belong to, be the property of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda sottu ellaam onne seendadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This property all belonged to you.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uriyadaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be suitable to, be becoming, be belonging to; have a right to be in a place; be designated for<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda parisu poruL ellaam onakku sondam aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>This prize belongs to you and you alone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>belong to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sondamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be related to or in possession of; be members of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga mandirikki sondamaa iruppaangaNNu nenekkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>It appears that they belong to the minister's family</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urittaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be or become o's own, as by right; appertain to; devolve upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona maasattilerundu anda eTam muzusum enakku urittaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>As of last month the whole place belongs to me and is my property</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>below par, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be insufficient; be inadequate; be under par, be deficient; be lacking in s.t.; be unacceptable<br> <br> <font size=+1>eTe pattaama irundadunaala kuttuccaNTe pooTTiyila ennaala kalandukkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Since my weight was below par, I couldn't take part in the wrestling competition</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>below, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> yield to s.o., be subordinate to s.o.; be inferior or subservient to<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan aluvalahattule avarukku kiize veele seyreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am below him in the ranks of the administration</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>belt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oongiyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat with force, thrash. hit, beat, strike, batter, thump, hammer, pound, rain blows on; assault, attack; cudgel, club, birch ; (inf.) wallop, bash, whack, thwack, clout, clobber, slug, tan, whomp<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan appaa avan senjade keeTTadum, avane oongi aTiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When his father heard what he had done, he just hauled off and belted him</font><br> 1) (aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oongiyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat with force, thrash. wollop<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan appaa avan senjade keeTTadum, avane oongi aTiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When his father heard what he had done, he just hauled off and belted him</font><br> 1) (aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>belt down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNNi aTi)</font> drink excessively or in large quantities; get or be drunk as a result<br> d <br> <font size=+1>veLLikkezame aaccoo illeyoo taNNi aTikkradu daan modal veele</font><br> <font size=+1>Every Friday evening he starts belting them down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bemoan</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(polambu)</font> 3 intr <br> express sorrow for; weep; moan and groan; complain<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda padavi keTekkaleNNu polambaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't bemoan the fact that you didn't get what you wanted</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaari vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> moan and groan; express regrets; complain unnecessarily; moan like a professional mourner<br> <br> <font size=+1>piiTTar tannooTe veele poocciNNu oppaari vaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Peter bemoaned the fact that he lost his job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bench</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velakkiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause a player to be removed from a game; remove s.o. temporarily; confine to the bench<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan pandayattule sariyaa veLeyaaTaadanaale avane velekkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He didn't play the ball well, so they benched him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuniya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to stoop or bend down<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan kiizee keTakkum poruLai eTukka avane kuniya vacceen </font><br> <font size=+1>I made him bend down to pick up the thing that was lying down there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neLiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> shape or force (s.t. straight) into a curve or angle; deviate from a straight line, as a road or river <br> <br> <font size=+1>moongile neLiya vekkamuTiyum aanaa oTekka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Bamboo can be bent but not (easily) broken</font><br> 1) (neLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> twist; form into a bent, curled, or distorted shape. turn round or into a different direction. force or be forced out of the natural position by twisting: twist, turn aside; divert, avert, sidetrack;<br> <br> <font size=+1>keLehaLe vaLacci uTecci kiize pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Bend the branches, break them and throw them down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bend (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(talekuni)</font> 2b intr <br> let o's head fall in shame; bow down in shame or embarrassment; shrink or recoil in shame; go around with the head bent in shame<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ellaaru munnaaleyum senja tappukkaaha tale kuninjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I bent my head in shame because of the mistakes I had made in front of the whole world</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>benefit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nanmeyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> receive benefit or help<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku nallavangaLaale eppoovum nalladu keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>I always benefit from the good things I receive from good people</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nalam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be beneficial, do good, be helpful<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama eppoovum ellaarukkum nalladu seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should always do things that will benefit the most people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTangiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bent, twisted, folded or distorted<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiize vizunda pustaham maTangiyirunduccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The book that fell down there got all bent out of shape</font><br> 1) (tonjiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bent, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tonjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become slack or bent; become twisted, curved, or distorted; become confused<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku sele odavi keTekkaadadaale avan manam toonju poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Because he didn't get the help he needed, his mind became twisted and bent out of shape</font><br> 1) (vaLenjupoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bequeath</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTTuppoo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1intr <br> leave s.t. for posterity<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe taattaa en appaavukku nereya sottungaLe viTTuTTu poonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather bequeathed a lot of property to my father</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> leave money, property to s.o. by will; make a bequest, esp. in writing<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa tannooTe sottungaLe anji puLLengaLukkum samamaa ezudi vaccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The father bequeathed all his wealth to all five children.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beseech</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> plead; ask for earnestly; beg humbly; entreat, supplicate<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiri ellaareyum ameydiyaa irukkumbaTi veeNTikiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister beseeched everyone to be calm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beset</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tolle suu(z)ndiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be faced or surrounded with problems, be vexed, plagued<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane eppavum tolle puTiccikiTTirundadu; (tolle suuzndirundadu?)</font><br> <font size=+1>He was always beset with difficulties</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suttivaLe)</font> 7b tr <br> surround, encircle; be faced with difficulties or danger<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa pakkattuleyum engaLe kashTangaLooTa sutti vaLeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>We were beset by trouble on all sides.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>besiege</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzu)</font> 2 tr <br> assault, surround, set upon from all sides, attack (a fortress, etc.); lay siege to, beleaguer, blockade, encircle, encompass<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naaTTuppaTenga ellaam pakkattu naaTTe suundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The army of the one country besieged the army of their neighbor</font><br> 1) (muTruheyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suu(z)ndukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> gather round (a public figure) in great numbers; gherao<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangattulerundu sariyaa odavi keTekkaadanaale jananga adihaaringaLe suundukiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Because the help received from the government wasn't adequate, the people besieged the officials and wouldn't let them escape</font><br> 1) (muTruheyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>besotted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ; </B> <font size=+1>(poo(huu)deyle iru)</font> 7 intr (+ dat) <br> be smashed, be muddled with intoxication or infatuation; lie drunk<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNakkaaranga saayngaalattule eppavum poodeyle iruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People who have more money than sense often spend their nights besotted with alcohol</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTe pooTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be intoxicated; be plastered, soused, loaded, smashed, looped<br> <br> <font size=+1>graama jananga saami kumbuTTu paTTe pooTTiruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the village people become besotted with religious enthusiasm after decorating the deity</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>best</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(too(r)kaTi, tookkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat, defeat; get the better of<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman raavaNane poorle tookkaTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman bested Ravanan in battle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bestir</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuccikoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get o.s. up; arouse o.s. to action; arouse o.s. from torpor<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan anda naarkaaliylerundu ezuccikkavee maaTTaaNNu naan nenecceen. aanaa kaTesiyle avan ezunduTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I thought he'd never bestir himself to get out of that chair, but finally he did</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bestir o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surusuruppaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> get o.s. in motion; pull o.s. together; rouse o.s. to do things quickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan reNTu Tamblar kaappi kuTiccadum naan surusuruppaTenjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>After a couple of cups of coffee, I finally was able to bestir myself</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bestow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> give, confer, grant; grant, endow, as superiors on inferiors; give alms<br> <br> <font size=+1>modal maaNavikki mandri pattaayiram ruubaa parisu kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister bestowed a prize of Rs. 10,000 on the top-ranking female student.</font><br> 1) (ii) 2 tr<br> 2) (taa) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taa @(nc intr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> (orig. to 3rd pn. recipients) give, provide<br> <br> <font size=+1>meeham maze tarum</font><br> <font size=+1>The heavens bestow rain upon us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNayam vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> stake s.t. in gambling; offer as a pledge; lay a wager<br> <br> <font size=+1>siiTTu aaTTattule ellaa sottuhaLeyum paNayam vacci aaTunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He bet everything he owned on some game of chance</font><br> 1) , (beT kaTTu, beT paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (paNamkaTTu) 3 tr<br> 3) (pandayamkaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) , </B> <font size=+1>(beT kaTTu, beT paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> lay odds that; bet that s.t. will or won't happen; believe strongly<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avan jeyikka maaTTaaNNu naan beT kaTTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was willing to bet money that he wouldn't win</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>betray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be disloyal or unfaithful to or inform on or against, treat treacherously, break faith with, break o's promise to; get s.o. cornered; (inf.) tell on, double-cross, stab in the back, blow s.o.'s cover<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe kuuTTaaLi enne darumasangaTattule maaTTi vuTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My partner betrayed me by blowing my cover</font><br> 1) (drooham seyyi @(nb intr)@) 1 tr<br> 2) (sikka vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(drooham seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be disloyal to s.o.; violate allegiance towards s.o., esp. o's country or sovereign; commit treason<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku en kaadali drooham senjiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My lover has betrayed me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>betroth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niccayadaarttam seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> perform the ceremony of betrothal or engagement<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ennooTe mahanukku innum aaru varushattukku perahu niccayadaarttam seyveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will still perform the betrothal ceremony for my son, after 6 years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parisam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> perform the betrothal (esp. presenting jewels to the bride)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe kuuTTaaLi tannooTe mahaLukku inda maasam parisam pooTuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend will perform the betrothal ceremony for his daughter this month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>better</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siirtiruttam paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> make improvement(s), make progress, ameliorations; improve the lot of; ameliorate, upgrade<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaandi indiyaave ellaa vaziyleyum siirtiruttam senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Gandhi did a lot to better things in India</font><br> 1) (siirtiruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>better, be(come), make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> improve, develop, progress<br> <font size=+1>We have improved the product and made it even better</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>better, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeru)</font> 3 intr <br> improve (as health); pass in examinations; cheer up; recover in health<br> <br> <font size=+1>maruttuvaru nalla marundu kuTuttadanaale avan oTambu nalam teerinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the doctor prescribed that good medicine, his health has become better</font><br> 1) (nalamaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bewail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(polambu)</font> 3 intr <br> weep (for); express sorrow (for); grieve or regret the loss of<br> " , ," <br> <font size=+1>"een idukkaaha polambure, aTutta veeleya paaru," appadiNNu appaa sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My dad said, "why are you bewailing this loss? Look to the future."</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varundu)</font> 3 intr <br> express sorrow (for); feel sorry (for); bemoan<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veele keTekkaleNNu naan varunduneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was bewailing the fact that I didn't get that job </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bewilder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> perplex; confuse; lead astray<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan seyda drooham enne taTumaara senjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>His treachery absolutely bewildered me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> confuse, puzzle, lead astray; perplex; perturb; ruffle; mix s.o. up; befuddle<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nallaa ellaareyum kozappunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He did a good job of bewildering and confusing everybody</font><br> 1) (kalakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bewitch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuniyam vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause evil through witchcraft; cast a spell, esp. w. the "evil eye"<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukku yaareyaavadu puTikkaleNNaa suuniyam vacciTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>If he doesn't like someone, he'll try to bewitch them.</font><br> 1) (vasiyamseyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>beyond, go/be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miiru)</font> 3 tr <br> exceed, transgress the bounds of propriety; go too far<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan eppavum ammaa solle miira maaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll never go beyond what mother tells me to do</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bias</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manatte keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> poison the mind; inspire with prejudice; influence unfairly; lead s.o. astray, fill s.o. with prejudices<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo avanooTa manatte keTutaan; adanaalee taarumaaraa peesuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone has managed to totally bias him, that's why he rants and raves.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>biased, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munkaruttukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be prejudiced, have a preconceived notion; labor under a misapprehension; be fooling o.s.; deviate, swerve from the truth<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan inda maadiri tappu seyyamaaTTaaNNu munkaruttukkiTTeen. aanaa adu poyyaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was biased, and thought that he couldn't possibly make this kind of mistake, but I was wrong</font><br> 1) (terambu) 3 intr<br> 2) (orudaleppaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bicycle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saikkiL viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> ride a bicycle; travel by bicycle<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan eppavum veehamaadaan saykiLu ooTTuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I go bicycling, I always ride fast</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b intr <br> offer a price; make a bid<br> <br> <font size=+1>pasu maaTungaLe reNTaayiram ruubaaykki eelam keekkuraanga </font><br> <font size=+1>They bid a price of Rs. 2000 for the cattle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eelamkeeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> bid in auction<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naaLekki namma uurule maram eelam vuTuraanga, nii pooyi eelam keeLu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tomorrow in our town there's a timber auction; you go and make a bid</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bid (welcome)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaNakkam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> salute. greet, welcome<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tenamum vaattiyarukku vaNakkam solluveen </font><br> <font size=+1>Every day I bid the teacher welcome</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bid s.o. off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaziyanuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> bid farewell, send off, send on o's way; dispatch<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan neettu ennooTe kuuTTaaLiye uurukku vazi anuppuneen</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday I bid my friend goodbye</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bid up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(osatti keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> bid high in an auction; offer higher prices<br> <br> <font size=+1>eelattule ellaareyum viTa osattikkeeTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody kept bidding up the prices in the auction</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bide (o's time)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalam varum vaNaakaattiru)</font> 7 intr <br> wait for the right time; await o s best opportunity; cf. strike when the iron is hot<br> <br> <font size=+1>en freNTu nalla veele keTekka kaalam varum vaNaa kaattuTTirukkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend is biding his time, waiting for the right job to come along</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bifurcate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(reNTaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go in two different directions; go separate ways; diverge<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kaaTTule reNTu vazi reNTaa pooccu. naan adiham naTakkaada vaziye eTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>Two roads bifurcated in the forest, and I took the one less traveled by,</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bigger, get/become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perusaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become larger; increase in size; expand, grow, enlarge<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>ava reNTee varushangaLule evvaLavu perusaa aakiyirukkaa!</font><br> <font size=+1>How much bigger she has gotten, in just two years!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bilk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> swindle, cheat, defraud, exploit, fleece, deceive, trick, bamboozle, rook, gull; (inf.) con, do, rip off, snocker; take to the cleaners<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aaLe ellaa sottilirundum moosaTi senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They bilked the poor guy out of his life's savings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koLLe aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> overcharge; cheat s.o. by charging higher prices than usual<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda hooTTalle kaappi kuTicceen. adukku anju rubaaykki billu kuTuttu enne koLLeyaTiccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>I drank just one cup of coffee in this place, and they bilked five rupees out of me for it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTiyal pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> charge s.o. for s.t.; make out a bill<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe poNTaaTTi viiTTule irukkura ellaa poruLeyum paTTiyal pooTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My wife made out a bill for all the property in the house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>billet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTe viiTu ama(r)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> arrange for lodging, encampment for soldiers, usu. without payment<br> <br> <font size=+1>amerikkan swattandra poorle, ingliish kaaranga amerikkan viiTTule-ellaam paTe viiTu amattuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During the American Revolutionary War, one issue was the billeting of soldiers in private homes by the British</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>billow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poTe)</font> 6b intr <br> puff out, swell up as sail<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTipaTTa oTanee neTTiyle poTeccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the sail was struck, it billowed out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTippooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> tie s.o. up; bind hand and foot; bind and gag<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tiruTanooTe kayyi kaale yaarum kaTTi pooTa muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody is allowed to just tie up a thief and bind him hand and foot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTTepooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bind a book, provide (the sewn sheets of paper) with a cover; have a book (re)bound<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu pustahattu ellaam en appaa aTTe pooTTu kuTuppaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father binds and recovers all his new books</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten or tie together<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis tiruTanooTe reNTu kaiyeyum kaTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police bound both hands of the thief</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kayettaale kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tie with a cord; fasten with string or cord<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTTepeTTiye kayittaale kaTTi tuukkiTTu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I bound the cardboard box with a rope and carried it (away)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten or tie with a rope, strap, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Bind the two bundles together with twine</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bitch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toNatoNa)</font> 6b intr <br> complain, nag at, whine, whinge, moan and groan<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppappaattaalum tannooTa manaivikkiTTe toNetoNettukkiTTeeyiruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He always bitching at his wife</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bitch (at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> complain or nag about s.o. or s.t.; snipe at<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>sadaa yaare pattiyaavadu kuttam solrade niruttiTTu; nii on veeleye ozungaa gavani</font><br> <font size=+1>You should stop bitching and complaining about other people and mind your own business</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTu)</font> 6 tr <br> be sharp, as acid, cold or wind<br> <br> <font size=+1>NNekki kaattu kaTuttukkiTTe irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The wind is just cold and biting today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> strike (as of snake); sting, as an insect, scorpion etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu enne teeLu koTTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday a scorpion bit me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cut into s.t. with teeth; sting (as of a scorpion); sink o's teeth into, chew, munch, crunch, champ, tear at.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne naayi maadiri kaTiccaan </font><br> <font size=+1>He bit me like a dog would</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bite and suck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sappu)</font> 3 tr <br> suck; masticate; sip, slurp<br> <br> <font size=+1>maambazatte nallaa sappi saapiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The way you eat a mango is you bite into it and suck the juice out of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bitter (make)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasakasappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> worsen, exacerbate, make bitter or sour (of relations, etc.)<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avanooTa maamaa taarumaaraa peesi sondatte kasakasappaakkinaaru.</font><br> <font size=+1>His uncle spoke with such indifference it ended up making their relationship kind of bitter</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bitter, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasa)</font> 7 intr <br> be bitter; be harsh, acerbic<br> <br> <font size=+1>paavakkaa kasakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>A bitter squash will have a bitter taste.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tovaru)</font> 6 intr <br> be of harsh taste, be astringent<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>niinga iNNekki senjirukkra kozambu romba tovakkudee. een?</font><br> <font size=+1>How come the stew that you cooked today tastes so bitter? What happened?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be mushy or rancid<br> <br> <font size=+1>karuNekkezange saappiTTaa kaarumee</font><br> <font size=+1>When you eat the 'karunai' tuber, it's very bitter</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bitter, taste/be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasappaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have a bitter flavor<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda marundu romba kasappaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This medicine tastes very bitter.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blab</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> babble, chatter, let the cat out of the bag; spill the beans<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan TairekTarkiTTe namma vishayatte patti oLari toleccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>he's blabbed the whole story to the director, and now we're in deep trouble</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oLarikkoTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> blurt out, speak out without awareness; spill the beans; let the cat out of the bag<br> !<br> <font size=+1>naan avangiTTe sonna ellaa rahasiyatteyum avan ellaarkiTTeeyum pooy oLarik koTTinaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>He went and blabbed all the secrets I told him, to everyone!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>black out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakkam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> lose consciousness, pass out<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyil taangaame vayasaanavaru mayakkam pooTTu vizundaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Unable to bear the heat of the sun, the old man blacked out and lost consciousness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blackball</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirvaakku pooTu @(sh tr)@)</font> 6b tr <br> vote against, esp. secretly; cast a lone dissenting vote against s.o., especially for membership in a club etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>en kaTciyile irundukiTTu edirvaakku pooTTavan yaaru? </font><br> <font size=+1>Who is the person in my own political party who has blackballed me?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blacken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> be scorched, burned, charred; become like charcoal<br> .<br> <font size=+1>tiiyile maram ellaam karuhiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the trees got blackened and charred by the fire.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kareppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make dirty or stained; sully, tarnish the reputation<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma talevarooTe madippe kare paTuttiTTaanga. </font><br> <font size=+1>They blackened and tarnished the reputation of our leader</font><br> 1) (seerukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karuppaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. black<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLe neratte karuppaakkuvadu solabam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's easy to make the white color black.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blacken o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kariyaakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> darken o.s. with charcoal; make black, darken, make dirty/sooty/smoky, besmudge; stain, grime, or soil o.s. <br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaalattule naaTahangaLile naTihargaL selasamayam tannooTa mohatte kariyaakkikiTTu veeTam pooTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the theater, actors sometimes used to blacken their faces and act out a role</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blacklist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukkivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put s.o.'s name on a list of undesirable people<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasiyal talevanga nalla manushangale eppovum odukki veppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The government leaders always try to blacklist good people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam saaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> charge with a crime; indict; find fault with, criticize<br> <br> <font size=+1>nallavangaLe kuttam saaTTa kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Good people should not be blamed for bad things</font><br> 1) (kore sollu @(Nc tr)@) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazi somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> frame, bear false witness; charge with a crime or put the blame on falsely<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda nalla manushan meele anaavasiyamaa pazi somattinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>they blamed that good man unjustly--he was framed</font><br> 2) (pazi) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam sollu)</font> 3c tr, tr <br> impugn; disparage; hold responsible, hold accountable, condemn, accuse, find/consider guilty, assign fault/liability/guilt; inculpate; censure; criticize severely; hold accountable, condemn<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna cinna vishayangaLukkellaam enne kuttam sollaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't blame me for trivial things</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blanch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiru)</font> 3 intr <br> grow pale; turn white<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooda kaNavan setta seydiye keeTTadum veLirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She blanched when she heard the news of her husband's death</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blank (be, go)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham marandupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> forget or fail to recognize a face; draw a blank, blank out<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaavooTe moham ettane varusham aanaalum marandu poovaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You won't blank on your mother's face, not matter how many years pass</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blank out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakkam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> pass out, faint, lose consciousness<br> <br> <font size=+1>taattaa veyilu taanga muTiyaame mayakkam pooTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>(My) grandfather blanked out because he wasn't able to stand the heat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blanket</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be covered with (as snow, leaves)<br> <br> <font size=+1>male-ellaam paniyaale muuTiyirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hills were blanketed with snow.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> cover an area with investigators, officials, pamphleteers, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga teerdalukku munnaale, anda naaTTe muzusaa kacci makkaLooTa poottinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We blanketed the whole area with our party people before the election.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ekkaaLam pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make sound like a trumpet or horn; utter haughtily; roar<br> j <br> <font size=+1>indiyaa krikkeTTule jeyicca poravu kuuTTam ekkaaLam pooTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>When India won at cricket, the crowds blared forth, roaring and howling</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(alaru)</font> 3 intr <br> blast forth, as music, radio, loudspeakers, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarooTe viiTTleyum kaarttaale reeTiyoo alarum</font><br> <font size=+1>The sound of boomboxes blares forth from every home in the morning</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mozangu)</font> 3 intr <br> make sound like a trumpet or horn; utter loudly; declaim<br> <br> <font size=+1>tozirccaleyle kaaleyleyum saayangaalamum sangu mozangum</font><br> <font size=+1>The siren blares from the factory morning and night</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blaspheme</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTavuLe tiTTu @(N intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> talk irreligiously; revile god; blame, speak disrespectfully of god<br> <br> <font size=+1>naasttihanga eppavum kaTavuLe tiTTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Evil people always blaspheme God</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> break to pieces; ruin, destroy; attack verbally<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadinga paalatte veTi veccu oTecciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The firefighters blasted the bridge with explosives and blew it up</font><br> 1) (taharu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> destroy; wipe out, demolish; smash to smithereens<br> <br> <font size=+1>iraakle koLLekkaaranga anda uure naasappaTuttiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In Iraq, the terrorists (?) destroyed that town; blasting it to smithereens</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sedaraTi)</font> 6b tr <br> knock s.o. out; deal a heavy blow to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuNTu avanooTa muuLeye sedaraTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bomb delivered a terrible blast to his brain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blat out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLaru)</font> 3 tr <br> blab, let out a secret; blather; spill the beans; speak without restraint, talk senselessly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ede keeTTaalum oLaruraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Whenever he wants to ask a question, he just blats it out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blaze (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozunduTu eri)</font> 2b intr <br> burn brightly, as in a conflagration, forest fire, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda viiTu eppaTi kozunduTTu eriyidu paarunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how that burning house is just blazing away!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bleach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLira seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> lighten the color; remove color from cloth, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>bLiiccing pavTaru tuNingaLe veLira seyyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Bleach will whiten and bleach the clothes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bleat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTupoola kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> cry like a sheep, goat; complain pitifully<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan denamum kaaleyile aaTu poola katturaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Every morning he bleats like a sheep, complaining pitifully</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNupoola kaNe)</font> ??6b intr <br> cry like a calf or goat; complain<br> d <br> <font size=+1>adu kaNNu poole kaNeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It bleated like a calf. </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bleed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rattam urinjiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> exploit; use badly; suck the blood from; bleed s.o dry ( or white); drain s.o. of all their money or resources<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavule nereya eezengaLe paNakkaaranga rattam urinjuviTaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In India, poor people are bled dry by the rich</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(rattam vaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> lose blood from the body as a result of injury or illness; emit blood<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga avane maruttuvamanekku azaccuTTu poovadukku munnaale avan nereyaa rattam vaTiccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Even before we could take him to the hospital he had been bleeding profusely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakku)</font> 3 tr <br> prepare the mixture of; mix smoothly; intermix, intermingle; flux, conflate, commingle, fuse, coalesce, meld, combine, merge<br> <br> <font size=+1>paruppeyum kaanja tiraaTsaiyaiyum kalakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Blend the nuts and raisins together</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kala)</font> 7 tr <br> flux, conflate, commingle, fuse, coalesce, meld, combine, merge; mix together<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalle taNNi kala</font><br> <font size=+1>Blend water with milk</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bless</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bestow blessings upon; wish happiness to; send greetings to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru enne vaazttunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He blessed me and wished me well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(punidappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make sacred or holy<br> <br> <font size=+1>eesu inda maNNule porandu boomiye punida paTuttinaaru, appaTiNNu kristuvarnga nenekkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Christians believe that Jesus blessed this earth by his birth.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> felicitate; congratulate; wish well, offer blessings to/for<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNamakkaLe periyanga vaazttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The elders blessed the bride and the bridegroom</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blessed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeru peru)</font> 4 intr <br> be favored with; be fortunate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan inda varusham appaa aavura peeru pettaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He became a father this year, being blessed with a child</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vasadiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be equipped with; have the advantages and comforts of; be convenient, comfortable<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii eppavum nallaa vasadiyaa irukkaNum appaTiNNu kaTavuLe veeNTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I pray to Almighty God that you should always be blessed with the comforts and advantages of wealth and health</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNe mare)</font> 6b intr <br> make s.t. impossible to judge or understand<br> <br> <font size=+1>paasam avare sariyaa niidi solla muTiyaame kaNNe mareccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>Passion blinded him and prevented him from giving a correct verdict</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blind, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuruTaahu)</font> 3 tr <br> become sightless; take away the eyesight<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadaale en appaavukku kaNNu kuruTaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of age my father became blind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blind, be/go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuruTaaha iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without sight; be unsighted<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vayaasaana kaalattule kaN teriyaama kuruTaa irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In his old age, his eyesight failed and he went blind.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blinded, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNu kuusu)</font> 3 intr <br> be unable to see because of bright light; be rendered unable to see<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattiyaana suuriya veLiccattule kaNNu kuusum</font><br> <font size=+1>In the afternoon, your eyes get blinded by the bright sun.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTuppooTTu aNe)</font> 6b tr <br> flash; turn s.t. on and off quickly/repeatedly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan areyle veLiccatte pooTTu pooTTu aNeccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He blinked the light switch in the room on and off repeatedly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eme)</font> 6b tr <br> close the eyes briefly; move the eyelids<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNe muuTikiTTu irunda ava ippo kaNNe emekkiraa</font><br> <font size=+1>Earlier, she had her eyes shut, but now she's blinking</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blister</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koppaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> rise in blisters or pustules<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande veyille naTandadanaale paadam koppaLiccidu </font><br> <font size=+1>Because the child walked in the hot sun, his feet got blistered</font><br> 1) (koppaLampooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puNNaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> raise blisters or pustules on; cause wounds or soreness on; be very hot; make scathing remarks;<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda suuTaana venniir en kaile teLiccu ade puNNaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The scalding hot water spilled on my hand and blistered it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bloated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruttiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be overgrown; be top-heavy as a bureaucracy; be full of useless people<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naaTTooTa arasaangam soombalaana arasiyalvaadingaLooLe peruttirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This country's government is bloated with lazy politicians</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>block</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> obstruct; prevent; curb or restrain; stand in the way of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne viiTTukkuLLe poova viTaamale taTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He blocked me from entering the house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> prohibit; forbid; hinder<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaaTTukkuLLe pooha kuuTaaduNNu taTe senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They blocked everyone from entering the forest</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> obstruct; block up; close<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaarum inda viiTTukkuLLe nozeya kuuTaaduNNu kaaval tore kadave aTeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>To prevent people from entering the house, the police blocked the door.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vazimari)</font> 6b tr <br> obstruct; waylay<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan neettu raattri enne vazimariccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday night a thief blocked my way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be temporarily at a loss for words or thoughts; draw a blank<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan sonnadu eppaTi avanukku tooNaama irunduduNNu enakku puriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know how he managed to block out my advice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(taviTupoTiyaahu)</font> 3 tr <br> frustrate; diminish to dust; rout; foil, frustrate, baulk, stand in the way of, forestall, derail, dash; stop, check, prevent, defeat, impede, obstruct, snooker, hinder, hamper<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamuvooTa eNNanga ellaam taviTupoTiyaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu's ideas were thwarted and blocked</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>block out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maranduTu)</font> 4 tr <br> forget, fail to register, psychologically `block' s.t. from o's mind<br> ; .<br> <font size=+1>nallade eppovum nenevule veccikko; keTTade oTanee maranduTu.</font><br> <font size=+1>Remember good things always and block out the bad immediately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blockade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muttukayiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make a blockade; lay seige to; obstruct<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkattu naaTTu arasan en naaTTe muttukayiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The neighboring king blockaded my country</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bloom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puu valar)</font> 6 intr <br> bear flowers; be in flower or in bloom; flourish<br> <br> <font size=+1>seTikki taNNi pooTTadum adu puu valandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the plants were watered, they bloomed</font><br> 1) (poli) 2b intr<br> 2) (arumbu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puu)</font> 6 intr <br> open or bear blossoms; be in blossom<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyile taamare puu puukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The lotus blooms in the morning</font><br> 1) (arumbu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blossom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malar)</font> 2 intr <br> open up, part, as a flower ready to blossom<br> <br> <font size=+1>kushile avaLooTe mohamee malandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her whole face blossomed with joy.</font><br> 1) (arumbu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(malar)</font> 2 intr <br> open into a flower; open as a flower (face, eyes. etc.); come into being, become alive or fresh, like a flower<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku parisu keTeccuduNNu ava keeLvipaTTadum ava moham malandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her face blossomed when she heard she had received the prize.</font><br> 1) (arumbu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottu)</font> 3 tr <br> dry out ink with blotting-paper, chalk, sand etc.; soak up<br> <br> <font size=+1>taaLle irukkra mayye otti eTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Blot up the ink on the paper</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blot (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marakka aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> extinguish the memory of; obscure, blot out, obliterate, veil, hide<br> <br> <font size=+1>mannaaraaTciye kavizttavoTanee anda aaTciyooTa neneiveyellaam marakka aTikka muyarci senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>After the regime changed, they tried to blot out any memory of the heroes of the previous regime.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tenTral viisu)</font> 3 intr <br> be blowing (of south wind)<br> <br> <font size=+1>terkuleendu oru kaTinamaana tenral viisudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A harsh wind is blowing from the south.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kombu uudu)</font> 3 tr <br> sound trumpet, horn, brass instrument<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan romba ahangaaram piTiccavan; tan kombe taanee uudippaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is a very arrogant man; he blows his own trumpet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of breeze, air) move, fan<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLunda kaattu viisudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A cool breeze is blowing.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blow (air)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(visiru)</font> 3 tr <br> fan; circulate the air<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuTTule kaattu visira oru visiri romba teeve</font><br> <font size=+1>You need a fan to blow the air around in the heat.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blow (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaccariyappaTa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> surprise or astound; impress a lot; throw s.o. for a loop; knock the socks off<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paTatle avan naTippu enne aaccariyappaTa vekkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>His performance in that film blew me away me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blow (off/up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b intr <br> explode; shoot off; be discharged (as of a gun, etc.); split; crack<br> <br> <font size=+1>diibaavaLile kozendenga paTTaasu veTippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During Deepavali, children blow up firecrackers</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blow (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> dissipate; abate; disappear gradually; evanesce, fade<br> .<br> <font size=+1>poyal raattiri muzukka viisiyaTiccu kaaleyle taan oru moreyaa aTangi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>After raging for the entire night, the storm blew over only in the morning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blow (the nose)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siindu)</font> 3 tr <br> expel fluid, mucous, etc. from the nose<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan jorattule en muukke siindineen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I had that fever I blew my nose</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blow (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uudu)</font> 3 tr <br> inflate with the mouth; play upon a wind instrument; blow a whistle, etc., blow up, inflate a balloon<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava balluune kozendekki uudi kuTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She blew up the balloon for the child</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blow away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehe)</font> 6b intr <br> be knocked over; be surprised; be flabbergasted, bowled over<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa poyya keeTTu naan tehecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>Her lies just blew me away.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blow in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vandu seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> (inf.) arrive (in a breezy manner), sail in<br> <br> <font size=+1>kappal aaru maasangaLukku perahu kappal toreyle vandu seenduccu</font><br> <font size=+1>After six months, the ship blew into the harbor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blow up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTivayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> destroy by explosives; explode; blast s.t. away<br> <br> <font size=+1>viirappan kaaval tore vaNTi meele veTi veccu tappiccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Veerappan blew up the police van with a bomb, and escaped</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tahar)</font> 6 t <br> remove, dismantle, show the errors of, as a superstition, a theory, etc.; cause to disintegrate, explode<br> <br> <font size=+1>veTiguNTaale maleye taharttoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We blew up the mountain using dynamite.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blubber</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kadariyazu)</font> 1 intr <br> sob, wail, howl, bawl, cry or weep noisily<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa ammaa eranda poodu kadariyazudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He blubbered and sobbed with grief when his mother died</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bludgeon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurundaTiyaale aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strike with a short stick, thick club, cudgel, blunt object, etc.; hit with a bludgeon; bash s.o. with a bludgeon<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan maaNavane kurundaTiyaale aTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The robber bludgeoned the student with a thick club</font><br> 1) (kuNTaandaTiyaale aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niilampooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> treat with laundress' blueing for clothes<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii veLLe saTTeyle niilam pooTTaa adu veLuppa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you add blue (laundry) dye to your clothes, they'll look clean and white.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blue, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niilaneramaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dye s.t. blue; paint the face with blue makeup<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naaTahattukkaaha tannooTa mohatte niilaneramaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He painted his face blue for the theater skit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bluff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vettuveeTTu aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> put up a show of a bold front; tell a tall story; pretend, fake, feign, put s.o. on, lie, fabricate<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>avaLaale poy sollaama irukkamuTiyale. eppoodum ava vettuveeTTu aTikkradutaan! </font><br> <font size=+1>She cannot stop lying and bluffing--she's always fabricating stories!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blunder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perundavaru seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a mistake or a blunder; commit an injustice<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>naan avankiTTe anda rahasiyatte sonnadule periya tappu senjuTTeen. avan anda rahasiyatte ellaarkiTTeyum solliTTaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>I blundered when I told him that secret--hee went and blabbed it to everybody!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blunt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazunga seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make blunt or dull; make a blade dull, make less sharp; (fig.) soften the effect of s.t., make less sharp or harsh<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava sameyal kattiye denamum payanpaTutti ade mazunga senjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She blunted the kitchen knife by using it everyday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make indistinct; dim; obfuscate; make unclear<br> !<br> <font size=+1>pustahattule irukkra vittiyaasangaLe onnooTa kozappangaLooTa mangalaakkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't blur the distinctions in the book with your confused ramblings!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blurry, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be indistinct, due to distance, age, poor vision or weather<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku vayasaanadunaale ennooTa paarve mangalaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Because I am old, my vision has become blurry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blurt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLariviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> speak out unthinkingly; spill the beans; let the cat out of the bag<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kozende puriyaame solla kuuTaadade oLariviTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In its ignorance, the child blurted out something that shouldn't have been revealed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>blush</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham seva)</font> 7 intr <br> become red in the face; flush from embarrassment. shame, anger, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava aTangamuTiyaada koovattule moham sevandaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She blushed in uncontainable anger</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naaNamuru)</font> 6 intr <br> feel shy or bashful; feel coy<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kuuccappaTTu naaNamuruttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Feeling somewhat shy, she blushed</font><br> 1) (vekkamuru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moham seva)</font> 2 intr <br> turn red, esp. in emotion<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum aLavukku miiri pohazndadule sinna poNNooTe moham sevanduTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The little girl's face blushed if everyone praised her too much</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bluster</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viiruppu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> huff and puff; talk big; blow out of proportion; utter overbearingly; rant, thunder, bellow, sound off; be overbearing; throw o's weight about/around; make a big fuss about nothing; make a big dea<br> ? !<br> <font size=+1>avaLaale een nallarivooTa irukka muTiyalle? ellaatteyum ava viiruppu peesuraa!</font><br> <font size=+1>Why can't she be sensible? She always has to bluster and blow everything out of proportion!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>board</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> get on or into a bus, train, ship, vehicle, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan cidambarattule cennekki poovadukku reeyil vaNTiyle eerineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I boarded the train for Chennai in Chidambaram</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>board up, over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(palaheyiTTu aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> close up or cover over with boards, as of doors, windows, etc.; close up a building by covering windows and doors with boards<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paazaa poona viiTTe pooliis palaheyiTTu aTeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police boarded up that ruined house</font><br> 1) (palahepooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLuhu)</font> 4 intr <br> exaggerate, tell tall tales; stretch the truth; talk with excessive pride and self-satisfaction about o.s.; brag, crow, swagger, swank, gloat, show off; overstate; (inf.) talk big, lay it on thick<br> j . <br> <font size=+1>avanaale nejamee peesamuTiyalle. avan eppoodum puLuhuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He cannot speak the truth--he's always boasting and exaggerating</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piittu ??[piiccu?])</font> 3 intr <br> brag; swagger; speak boastingly; put on airs<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava taan romba paNakkaariNNu piittikiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She boasted that she was extremely rich</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(perume peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> extol; speak proudly of; brag<br> <br> <font size=+1>pettavanga tangaLooTa kozandengaLe patti perume peesinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The parents boasted about their children's accomplishments</font><br> 1) (perume sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pahalle poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> travel by boat for pleasure or business; go boating<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan pattu vayasaa irukkum poodu modal moreyaa pahalle pooneen </font><br> <font size=+1>When I was ten years old, I travelled in a boat for the first time</font><br> 1) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bob</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asenjaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move to and fro; make a quick, short movement up and down etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan taangaada oNarcciyle asenjaaTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Moved by emotions he couldn't control, he bobbed and swayed back and forth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bob (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirikkavvu)</font> 3 tr <br> catch or seize n the mouth, as a hanging fruit, apples in a tub of water, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan eeppiL pazatte taNNiile edirikavvineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was bobbing for apples</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bob (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meelezu)</font> 2 intr <br> rise up in water or in air; come to the surface; pop up; surface<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinjikkoNTirunda avan muuccuviTamaTTum meelezundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The swimmer bobbed up only for air.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arihuriyaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be a sign of, an omen; be a portent of a good or bad outcome; portend, foreshow<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda eTattukku vandadu avanukku nalla arihuri aaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her coming there boded well for him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bog (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sahadiyle amiz)</font> 2 intr <br> be submerged in a bog; be sinking; (fig.) be stuck in s.t. and unable to move<br> <br> <font size=+1>sahadiyle amunda avaLe kaTesi nimishattule kaapaattinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>She was bogged down in the muck, but they saved her at the last minute</font><br> 2) (seettule amiz) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bogged down, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muzuhi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (fig.) be stuck in s.t. and unable to get out; be overburdened, swamped with work or difficulties etc.; come to a halt, as progress, negotiations; get stuck somewhere in the mire of detail<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava taangamuTiyaada veeleyle muzuhi poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was bogged down with unbearable amounts of work</font><br> 1) (taTepaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(komappu)</font> 3 tr <br> be confused or befuddled; be unable to understand s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalluuriyle paTicca kaNakku en manase komappiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The math I studied in college completely boggled my mind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ponguviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be cooked in water; reach or cause to reach the temperature at which it bubbles and turns to vapor.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paal aTuppule pongudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk is boiling on the stove</font><br> 1) (kodi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(avi)</font> 6b intr <br> be cooked in water or steam<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTu aTuppule avikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The stew is cooking on the stove</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pongu)</font> 3 intr <br> come to a boil; boil over; seethe<br> <br> <font size=+1>paal aTuppule pongiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk boiled on the stove.</font><br> 1) (kodi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaccu)</font> 3 tr <br> cook at a high temperature<br> <br> <font size=+1>enge viiTTule taNNiye kaacci daan kuTippoom</font><br> <font size=+1>In my house, we drink water only after boiling it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boil over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pongu)</font> 3 intr <br> bubble up; come to a boil or reach the boiling point<br> <br> <font size=+1>paal paatturattuleendu pongi koTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk boiled over (the sides of) the pot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boiled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vendupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or (over) cooked (of food); be burnt; be baked<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>saappaaTu vendu pooyrukkum; aTuppuleendu eTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>The food must have boiled by now; take it off the stove!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boiling, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( )</B> <font size=+1>(vee(hu))</font> 2b intr <br> be cooked, be hot, be sultry; be inflamed<br> <br> <font size=+1>uruLe kezangu taNNiyle veehudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The potatoes are cooking/boiling in the water</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boisterous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaravaaram seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be noisy and clamorous; bluster or swagger; behave boisterously and inappropriately; talk in a loud, aggressive, or indignant way with little effect<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandenga aTakkamillaame paLLiyle aaravaaram senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children got boisterous and were out of control in school</font><br> 1) (aaravaari) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bold, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mone)</font> 2b intr <br> be daring; be intent upon; be confident, daring or courageous; be sure of o.s.; be innovative<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan sariyaana viiran. bayangramaana seyalellaatteyum avan moneppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is a true warrior, bold and daring even when terrifying things happen</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bolster</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTukkuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> prop up; keep from falling, as a wall, government, enterprise, etc.<br> j . . <br> <font size=+1>jee pii moorgan anda eeze ameerikka arasaangatte avan paNattooTa muTTukuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>J.P. Morgan bolstered the bankrupt American government with money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bolt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizungu)</font> 3 tr <br> swallow (drink or food) quickly or in large mouthfuls, often audibly; eat hastily, greedily, or with effort, like a hungry animal<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan taangaada pasiyle sootte vizunginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Because he was unbearably hungry, he just bolted his food down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taaLiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> secure (door) by bolt; lock securely with a sliding bolt or bar<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan viiTTule taniyaa irukkum poodu kadave taaLiTuveen </font><br> <font size=+1>I bolt the door when I am alone at home</font><br> 1) (kadavu aTe) 6b tr<br> 2) (kadaveppuuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bomb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTikuNTaale taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> drop bombs on s.t.; attack or bombard with bombs<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaa paakistaane veTikuNTaale taakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>India bombed Pakistan</font><br> 1) (kuNTu viisu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bombard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> (fig.) overwhelm with numerous attacks; break down by an attack of cannons; assail with questions, requests, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vakkiilu enne keeLviyaale taakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That lawyer bombarded me with questions</font><br> 1) (veTikuNTaale taakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (biirangiyaale taharu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTu)</font> 6 tr <br> shoot (questions, etc.) at s.o.; overwhelm, as with questions, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandenga aasiriyare toTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children bombarded the teacher (with questions)</font><br> 1) (toLe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bond</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> tr <br> join; hold or bring together with spiritual or psychological bonds<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda bayangramaana vibattu avangaLe oNNaa eNeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That terrible accident bonded them together inseparably</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(elumbeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> remove bones from (meat, etc.) in preparation for cooking etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>erecci kaTeyle erecci kaTekkaaran aaTTe elumbeTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In the butcher shop, the butcher boned the mutton</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bone (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaTi)</font> 6 tr <br> cram for exams; study up on s.t.; try to learn s.t. quickly<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan varusham muzukka soombalaayirundu paTikaadadanaale, kaTesi nimishattule uruvaTikka veeNTiyadaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because I had been lazy the entire year and hadn't studied, I had to bone up for my exams at the last minute.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bonk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strike; bump; obliterate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en taleyile neettu oongi aTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He bonked me hard on the head yesterday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>book</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> write down (reservations, orders, etc.) in a book or register; make reservations for travel, dining, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa meTraas payaNattukku payaNa siiTTu padivu senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He booked a ticket for his trip to Madras</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam padivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> record in police records when arresting<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaval adihaari ava senja tiruTTukkaaha avaLe kuttam padivusenjaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The police officer booked her for stealing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mozangu)</font> 3 intr <br> give out a deep sound; roar; rumble<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaTTaTam kiizee vizundappa nallaa mozangicci</font><br> <font size=+1>When the building collapsed, it really boomed.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTu piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> thrive, increase dramatically, as of business<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga veLambaram senjaduleendu vyaabaaram nallaa suuTupiTiccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Business is really booming since they started advertising.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boost</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarvattooTa aadari)</font> 6 tr <br> support enthusiastically; be a booster, supporter, or fan of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa ammaa ennooTa iseyle irukkra en kavarcciye aarvaattooTa aadariccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother was constantly boosting my passion for music</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odeccu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> eject s.o.; kick s.o. out of (home, employment, etc.); kick a person down; give s.o. the boot<br> <br> <font size=+1>pettavanga avan senja periya kuttatte patti keeLvipaTTadum avane appavee viiTTuleendu odeccu taLLinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the parents heard about his horrible crime they booted him out of the house then and there</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boot (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarambam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> start up a computer<br> <br> <font size=+1>kampiyuuTTare aarambam seyya inda vaTTe payanpaTuttikko</font><br> <font size=+1>Use this disk to boot your computer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>booze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tannii aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> abuse alcohol; drink spirits to excess; booze (it) up; be a boozer; consume, quaff, guzzle, gulp (down)<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan nallaa taNNi aTippaan. avane kaLLukku pakkattule viTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>He boozes too much; don't let him near the alcohol.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>booze (it up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNNi aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> abuse alcohol; drink spirits to excess; be a boozer; drink excessively<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan romba taNNi aTippaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>He boozes it up all the time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>booze (it) up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNNiyaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be very drunk; abuse alcohol; drink too much<br> !<br> <font size=+1>neettu raattriyellaam nereya taNNiyaTiccirunda avanaale taniyaa viiTTukku naTakkamuTiyale!</font><br> <font size=+1>That guy who was boozing it up all night long couldn't walk home by himself!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>border (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(elle aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be a border; extend along the edge of s.t.; serve as a border for<br> <br> <font size=+1>paakistaanukku indiyaa elle aahudu</font><br> <font size=+1>India borders (on) Pakistan</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTuttiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be next to; be adjacent to; share a border with<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiznaaTu aandira pradeesatte aTuttirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Tamilnadu borders on Andhra Pradesh</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>border on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruhule vai @Rb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> approach a state of; resemble; be tantamount to<br> <br> <font size=+1>aniidiye aruhil vacca kuttam adu</font><br> <font size=+1>That is a crime that borders on treason!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bore</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(boor aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> be boring, be tedious, dull, without interest; be excruciatingly boring; be dry as dust<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar oNNum mukkiyamaa solrade viTTu ellaareyum romba boor aTiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of saying something important, he just bored us all to tears</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(salippu uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make disgusted or weary; drain the energy of; sap the strength of<br> <br> <font size=+1>en aappis veele enakku romba salippu uNTaakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My office job bores me and drains all the energy out of me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toLe)</font> 6b intr <br> make a hole in s.t.; perforate; punch; drill into, penetrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maratte vaNTu toLeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bugs bored holes in the tree</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>born, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pera)</font> 7 intr <br> spring, proceed from; arise; appear, come into existence<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaa sodandaram aTenja varushattule paakistaanum poranduccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Pakistan was also born in the year that India attained independence</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>borrow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTan vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> get (money, etc.) on promise of return; take a loan from<br> j <br> <font size=+1>eezayaana veelekkaaran tannooTa ejamaanuTTeendu paNam kaTan vaanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The penniless servant borrowed money from his boss.</font><br> 1) (eraval vaangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaimaattu vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> borrow on short term with no promissory note or collateral; borrow `out of pocket'<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTumbangaLule cinna tohengaLe kaimaattu vaangradu pazakkandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Borrowing small sums of money 'out of pocket' is customary in some families.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boss (around)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNi)</font> 6b tr <br> order; direct; give orders; order s.o. around<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa naaLmuzukka enne paNiccukkiTTee irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father just bosses me around all day long</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>botch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arekoreyaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do or attend to s.t. badly or incompletely; do poor work; spoil, ruin; carry out (a task) badly or carelessly; bungle, mismanage, mishandle, make a mess of; (inf.) mess up, make a hash of, muff,<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan veeleye arekoreyaa senjadu romba aacciriyam ille; avanukku terame keTeyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not surprising that he botched the job; he's not very good at anything</font><br> 1) (keTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bother</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> distress, vex, afflict, annoy, pester<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu seyalaaLaru veelekkaarangaLe pooTTu rombavum varutturaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The new secretary of the body bothers the other employees a lot</font><br> 1) (tolle kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bottle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puTTiyle aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> fill in a bottle (of liquid); can; put up<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTTi senja takkaaLi uurukaaye naan puTTiyle aTecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I bottled my grandmother's tomato pickle.</font><br> 1) (puTTiyle pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bottle up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> keep things to o.s., keep o's counsel; hold, stifle, or choke back the emotions<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa varuttangaLe tannooTa manasule aTakkikkuraan; adu avvaLavu nalladille</font><br> <font size=+1>He bottles up his sorrows in his mind; this is not good</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bottom out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizee erangi viTu)</font> 3 intr <br> reach a low point in o's life; be depressed; straighten out after a plunge; reach the bottom of a curve<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tanooTa kaNavan eranda perahee vaazkkeyle kiize erangi viTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Her life sort of bottomed out after her husband died.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bounce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pandaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bounce a ball; rout (enemies, opponents)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande pandaaTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child bounced a ball.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbivaa)</font> 2c intr <br> be without sufficient financial backing (of checks, bank drafts, etc.); be without value; be returned to sender marked "insufficient funds"<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ezudina kaasoole tirumbivandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The check he wrote bounced.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bounce back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miiLu)</font> 1 intr <br> revive; recover from a setback, illness; stage a comeback,<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru romba aabattaana nooyleendu miiNTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has managed to bounce back from a very dangerous illness</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> send back, give back, or throw back, as sound or light<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii keekkum sela sattamellam ediroliyaa tiruppi anuppappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Some of the sounds you hear are being bounced back as echoes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bounce back (as sound, echo)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edir oli)</font> 6b intr <br> echo back<br> <br> <font size=+1>koheyle nammaLooTa koral edirolikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Our voices echo and bounce back to us when we're in caves.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLikkudi)</font> 6b intr <br> jump; spring; prance; leap, spring<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinna kozandenga puungaavule tuLLi kudiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the park, the little children just bounded around</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bound to (vb), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( b +)~ </B> <font size=+1>(@(vb +)@aahaNum)</font> irreg. <br> be required to (vb), be likely or liable to (vb); be forced to (vb)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ange poonaa, avare paattaahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you go there, you're bound to see him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bound, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varambukkuLLe iru @(z intr)@)</font> 4 intr <br> be subject to the jurisdiction of; be required by law, contract or regulation<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangattooTe vidihaLukku ellaarum varambukkuLLe irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Citizens are bound by the laws of the government.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tale vaNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> lower the head in respect to s.b.; submit<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar periyavare paattu tale vaNanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He bowed his head in respect before the big man.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizppaTi)</font> 2 intr <br> yield; submit; concede to the authority of another<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLikkozandenga aasiriyarooTa kaTTaLekki kiizpaTinjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children bowed to the teacher's orders.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 6b intr <br> bend down; yield<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaNal poyalle vaLenju kuTuttuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The reed bowed down in the storm</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> bow down, as in prayer or in greeting a person<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ennooTe aasiriyare paakkum poodellaam vaNanguveen</font><br> <font size=+1>Whenever I meet my professor, I always bow in respect.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bow (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuunu)</font> 3 intr <br> lower the head; become stooped, as in shame or embarrassment; be humbled, be submissive<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan senja tappe ellaarum keeTTadanaale kuuni kuruhi poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went around with his head bowed in shame because everyone had heard about the mistake he had made</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bowed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bent or crooked; be sagged or curved<br> <br> <font size=+1>kokkooTa kazuttu vaLenjirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The neck of a stork is bowed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bowl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(panduviisu)</font> 3 tr <br> throw, project, pitch, or roll a ball (as in cricket, bowling)<br> <br> <font size=+1>krikkeeTTule avan pandu viisinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He bowled the ball in cricket.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> roll a wheel, a ball, etc.; cause a ball to roll<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna kozandenga tooTTattule panduruTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The little children were bowling the ball in the garden.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bowl (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehekka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> knock s.o. over; surprise or stun s.o.; blow s.o. away; throw s.o. for a loop; knock s.o. over with a feather<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa ahangaaram enne tehekka veccuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her arrogance just bowled me over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>box</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttu saNTe pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fight, as a boxer; throw punches at s.o. in a boxing match etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kuttusaNTe pooTuradule periya aaLu</font><br> <font size=+1>He is very skilled at boxing.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadule are)</font> 2b tr <br> strike the ears of<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar kurumbu senja kozandeye kaadule arenjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher boxed the ears of the mischievous child.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>box (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put limits on s.o; restrict or reduce s.o.'s options; confine s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa vaadanga enne sikkaveccuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His argument sort of boxed me in and gave me no way out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boycott</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mariyal seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> conduct a program, strategy, campaign etc. of not patronizing certain merchants or products; refuse to buy certain products<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyanga ingliish-kaarangaLooTa poruLungaLe mariyalsenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Indians boycotted British goods.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi kaTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hold on to s.t. in anticipation of a shock, movement; prepare o.s. against the cold by holding the arms, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kuLurukkedurule kayyi kaTTiiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He braced himself against the cold.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brace o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> prepare o.s. for shock, disruption; support, strengthen, reinforce, fortify, shore up, prop up, hold up, buttress<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan sollappoora adircciyaana seydikki nii onne piTiccukko</font><br> <font size=+1>Brace yourself for the shocking news I am about to tell you.</font><br> 1) (manade dairiyam paTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bracket</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeppukkuri pooTu)</font> 4 <br> lump together; associate s.t. or s.o. into one class or group<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>summaa ellaatteyum aTeppukuri pooTTu ezudaadenga; ovvoNNum veere veere seydiye solludu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't just bracket them all together; they're really different</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brackish, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kari)</font> 6b intr <br> be salty, alkaline (as water); be unpleasant or distasteful, as light; be briny, saline, bitter, impure, undrinkable, unsavory<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTal taNNi romba karikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Sea-water is very brackish to the taste</font><br> 1) (ovaru) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tanperume peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> boast of o's accomplishments, attributes; speak immodestly of o.s.; crow, show off, bluster, blow o's own trumpet (horn), sing o's own praises, pat o.s. on the back; (inf.) talk big, blow hard<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku tanperume peesura vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>She has a habit of bragging about her accomplishments</font><br> 1) (perume peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soyapuraaNam paTi)</font> 6b intr <br> blow o's own horn, trumpet; tell o's own story<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku soyapuraaNam peesura keTTa vazakkam uNTu</font><br> <font size=+1>He has the bad habit of bragging and constantly blowing his own horn</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>braid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moTe)</font> 2 tr <br> plait; (make) wattle; twist together<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kayitte moTeccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He braided the ropes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnu)</font> 3 tr <br> plait; twist (esp. the hair); entwine<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandenga tangaLooTa muTiye pinnikiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children braided their (own) hair.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> twist the hair into braids<br> <br> <font size=+1>siita en akkaavukku muTi piNNiviTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sita braided my sister's hair</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maNTeyle aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> bash s.o. on the head<br> g <br> <font size=+1>gopi avane koovattule maNTeyle aTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In anger, Gopi (just hauled off and ) brained the guy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brainwash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuLe salave seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> indoctrinate systemically and so completely as to effect a radical transformation of attitudes and beliefs; pull the wool over s.o.'s eyes; indoctrinate, condition, re-educate, persuade, influence<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda arasaangam avane muzusaa muuLeccalave senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That government completely brainwashed him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put on the brakes; stop (a vehicle) using brakes, arrest<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tiTiirNNu vaNTiye niruttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He braked the vehicle suddenly.</font><br> 1) (taTe) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>branch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLehaLaa piri)</font> 2b intr <br> diverge into; enlarge, as a river, an organization; spread out, fan out<br> <br> <font size=+1>nadi kaTalooTa seeruvadukku munnaale keLahaLaa pirinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The river branched into several outlets before merging with the sea</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>branch (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> enlarge; spread out, multiply; send out branches, tendrils<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda nirvanam anjuu varushattuleeyee romba peruhiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>That institution has branched out a lot in just five years.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cauterize; burn a mark into the hide of an animal; burn in, scorch, sear, stamp, mark<br> <br> <font size=+1>vevasaayi maaTTe suuTu senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The farmer branded the cow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>branded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padinjiru)</font> 7 intr. <br> be painfully etched in memory; be unforgettable<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan cinna vayasaa irundapoodu enga uurule naTanda kalavarattooTe biidi ennooTe manasule innum aazamaa padinjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The traumatic memory of the riots in my town when I was a child is still deeply branded in my memory.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brandish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sozaTTu, sozattu)</font> 3 tr <br> swish or flourish (a sword), esp. threateningly; wave, shake, wield; swing; display, flaunt<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan kattiye kaattule sozaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief brandished the sword in the air</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNinjiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> resolve to face; dare; stand up to, endure, put up with, bear, suffer, withstand, defy, challenge, confront; act bravely in the face of danger<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan aabattileyum bayamillaama irukka tuNinjuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He braved the situation, even in the face of danger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brawl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saccaravu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> fight noisily; wrangle, wrestle, scuffle, tussle, clash, battle, quarrel, argue; (inf.) scrap <br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandenga aasiriyar illaada poodu rombavum saccaravu senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children got into noisy brawls when the teacher was absent.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> make a cry of a donkey; cry; shout, neigh, whinny, hee-haw<br> <br> <font size=+1>kazude sattamaa katticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The donkey brayed loudly</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (kazude poola kattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>breach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peLavu uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make a break in (walls, etc.); cause a division in (groups)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa saavu inda reNTu naTpu kuzungaLukkuLLe oru periya peLave uNTaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His death caused a major breach between the two (formerly) friendly groups.</font><br> 1) (oTeppu eerpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>break</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aru)</font> 2 intr <br> be severed, as a rope; be cut asunder<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaTTe kaTTivecca kayiru arunduTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rope that the goat was tied with, broke.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe)</font> 2b intr <br> snap, break, as a branch, stick, or bone<br> <br> <font size=+1>vibattule avanooTa muduhelumbu oTenjuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His backbone broke in the accident.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.t. to disintegrate, sever, or snap; smash, dismember<br> <br> <font size=+1>saNTeyle avanooTa kaiye innuuttan oTeccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The one guy broke the other's hand in the fight.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oTeccuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> break a thing; break s.o.'s heart<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa sooham avaLe muzusaa oTeccuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her sorrow broke her completely.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>break (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasapaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> domesticate an untamed animal; subdue; persuade, train<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga anda miruha kaaLe vasapaTuttinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We broke in that wild bull and tamed it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>break (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 2 tr <br> twist, wrench; bend, warp, misshape, deform, contort, distort; wrest<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan atturattule ennooTa kaiye murikka paattaan poola irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It felt like he was trying to break my hand off in anger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piyyi)</font> 6b tr <br> break or tear off with fingers; break a piece of bread, chappati, etc.; pinch; pinch off, as leaves, fruits, coffee beans, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan roTTiye kaiyaale picceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I broke off a bit of bread with my hand.</font><br> 1) (kiLLu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>break (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uzu)</font> 1 tr <br> break up the ground; plough<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTu vayale uzum</font><br> <font size=+1>The ox ploughs the field and breaks it up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> break up the ground; dig; grub up<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeleyaaLu maNNe kottinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The worker broke up the ground.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(neri)</font> 6b tr <br> crack, as seeds, nuts; crack o's fingers or knuckles<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan baadangoTTeye nericceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I cracked almonds.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>break (voice)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koral oTe)</font> 2b intr <br> change voice, as in adolescence; change pitch uncontrollably (as the voice); be damaged or ruined<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya neeram paaTinaa anda paaTahanooTa koral oTenjuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>That singer's voice will break down if he sings for a long time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>break (wind)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayuTiri)</font> 6b intr <br> pass gas; fart<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>break into, up, etc.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poTiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> break into pieces or powder; pulverize<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga paaTTi vereye poTiyaakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandmother broke up the seeds, pulverizing them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taharu)</font> 6 tr <br> break into pieces; explode<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru cinna kallu oru periya vaNTiye tahattudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A small stone managed to break up a large vehicle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>breathe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> respire; exhale; inhale; (neg.) withhold words, keep quiet, keep mum; keep o's lips sealed<br> !<br> <font size=+1>muuccuviTaadenga!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't breathe a word!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suvaasi)</font> 6 intr <br> respire<br> <br> <font size=+1>seTihaLum suvaasikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Even plants breathe</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ere)</font> 2b intr <br> breathe with difficulty; pant, wheeze, gasp for breath<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nooyaaLi kashTapaTTu erenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The patient breathed with great difficulty.</font><br> 1) (teNaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu vuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> have life, breath<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan innum muuccu viTTukkiTTirukkeen. saahale</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm still breathing; I'm not dead yet.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> exhale; (here:) tell or reveal a secret<br> d <br> <font size=+1>ade patti muuccu viTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't breathe a word of it [to anyone]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> breathe in and out; catch o's breath<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTattooTa nerisalle sariyaa muuccuviTamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I could not breathe properly because of the crush of the crowd.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>breathe (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu izu)</font> 7 intr <br> inhale deeply, take a deep breath<br> <br> <font size=+1>maruttuvaru enne aazamaana muuccu izukka sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor asked me to breathe deeply.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>breed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puzu)</font> 6 intr <br> generate worms or maggots (as of rotten fruits, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>veppa kaalattule puzu inge puzungum</font><br> <font size=+1>Mosquitoes breed in the summer here.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iinu)</font> 1c tr <br> give birth to (of people and animals)<br> <br> <font size=+1>aLavukku adihamaa iNTaa avunga oru kaTTuppaaTillaama peruhiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If they breed too prolifically, they will multiply out of control</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(senekki viTu)</font> 4a tr <br> set aside (the female animal) for impregnation; impregnate (of animals)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga anda pasu maaTTe senekki viTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have set aside this cow for breeding</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(enamperukku)</font> 3 tr <br> reproduce the race, species, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaarttiha maasattule naayi adihamaa enamperukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Dogs breed a lot during the month of Karthigai</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(seneyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> impregnate (of animals)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaLe pasumaaTTe seneyaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bull bred with the cow and impregnated her</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be the cause of; engender, create, propagate<br> <br> <font size=+1>poor soohattukku kaaraNamaa irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>War breeds misery.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>breeze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tenTralaa noze)</font> 2b intr <br> enter, sweep in, etc.; proceed quickly and easily<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda ruumukkuLLe tenTral maadiri nozenjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She breezed into the room (like she owned it)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((saaraayam) kaaccu)</font> 3 tr <br> brew (arrack) by boiling and fermenting<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan panamarattuleendu (saaraayam) kaaccuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He brewed alcohol from the juice of the palm tree</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((madu) tayaari)</font> 6b tr <br> prepare or manufacture (liquor)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda niruvanattule rahasiyamaa (madu) tayaariccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They brewed liquor secretly in that organization.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((kaLLu) erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> tap (toddy) off the tree<br> <br> <font size=+1>marattuleendu graamattule kaLLu erakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They tapped and brewed toddy from the tree in the village.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bribe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(lanjam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> offer illegal payment for, dishonestly persuade (s.o.) to act in o's favor by a payment or other inducement<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avan kiTTe veele vaanga lanjam kuTukka veeNTiyadaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was forced to bribe him in order to get him to do any work.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> offer money as a bribe; corrupt, buy, grease s.o.'s palms; cross s.o.'s hand(s) with silver<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma arasaangattukkee paNam kuTukka veeNTiyadaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It has come to the point where we even have to bribe the government.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bribe(s), take</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(lanjam vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> take a bribe; profit from bribery, kickbacks, etc.; receive illegal payments to in exchange for favors or influence<br> , <br> <font size=+1>anda naaTTule, lanjam vaangaadavane paakka kashTamaa irukku.</font><br> <font size=+1>In that country, it's hard to find somebody who doesn't take bribes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bribe, ask</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(lanjam keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> ask for or extort a bribe<br> !<br> <font size=+1>anda cinna paiyanum ippa lanjam keekka aarambiccuTTaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>Even that young boy has started asking for bribes now!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bribe, take</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> take money as a bribe<br> .<br> <font size=+1>ellaarum modal mandirikiTTerundu paNam vaanguraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody takes bribes from the Chief Minister.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brick (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sengal pooTTu muuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> erect (a wall of bricks); brick up, obstruct, close off<br> j <br> <font size=+1>tooTTatte nookki irunda jannale sengal pooTTu muuTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They decided to brick up the windows that gave out on the garden.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bridge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paalam iTu)</font> 4a tr <br> join as by a bridge (fig.); bridge a gap, bring two sides together<br> , <br> <font size=+1>mosTaarle, naharattooTa nadi meele avanga pazeye paalatte oTeccu oru pudu paalatte iTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>They bridged the river in Mostar again after the old one was broken down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paalam pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> connect a place by a bridge; bridge a gap; connect or reduce the distance between<br> , <br> <font size=+1>reNTu uurukkum naTuvule oru paalam kaTTinadunaale oru uurlerundu iNNoru uurukku veehamaa poohamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Because they bridged the gap between the two cities, one can commute from one to the other fast.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bridle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTivaaLam iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put a check on; curb, control, restrain<br> !<br> <font size=+1>onnooTa koovattukku oru kaTivaanam iTaNum! </font><br> <font size=+1>You need to bridle your anger!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brief</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(konjam sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> fill s.o. in on details of; tell s.o. the story of<br> .<br> <font size=+1>ide patti engiTTe konjam sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Brief me about this.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bright, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(elangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be intelligent; shine; gleam; glitter; scintillate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ellaa pariccengaLLeyum elangraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's a bright star in all her exams.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayi)</font> 2b intr <br> shine brightly (of the sun and moon)<br> <br> <font size=+1>rattriyle sandiran azahaa kaanjuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the night, the moon shone brightly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brighten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malattu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause s.o.'s life to be brighter<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ellaarooTa vaazkeyeyum malattinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She brightened everyone's life.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paLapaLappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make brighter by polishing, etc.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda paattirangaLe paLapaLappaakradu romba kashTamaa irukku! </font><br> <font size=+1>It is extremely hard to brighten these utensils any more!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(malaru)</font> 2 intr <br> become happy; become brighter; bloom. blossom<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa moham avaLe paattavoTanee malandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His face brightened as soon as he saw her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brilliant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehaz)</font> 2 intr <br> glimmer; be intelligent; shine<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman ellaa vishiyangaLleyum teha(z)ndaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman was brilliant in everything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tadumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> be full to the top; brim over, spill over<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kaNNu tadumbi vaziyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes are brimming with tears.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerambi vazi)</font> 2b intr <br> overflow; brim over in s.t.; be full of some quality, as happiness, sorrow, health<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kaNNiir soohattule nerambi vazinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes brimmed over in sorrow.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brim (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viLimbu vare nerenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full to the top; be running over, be overflowing<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattaram viLimbu vare nerenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The bowl is brimming over</font><br> 1) (nerambivazi) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTu vaa, koNTaa)</font> 2c tr <br> pick s.t. up and bring it (towards the speaker); convey an inanimate, lifeless, or unwilling object or person<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku anda pustahatte kaTeyleendu koNTuvaa @(or)@ koNTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Bring me that book from the store.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azeccu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> bring or accompany a person (towards the speaker)<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ennooTa virundaaLiye viiTTukku azeccu vandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I brought our guest home.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTuvaa)</font> 2c tr <br> bring an unwilling or uncooperative person; transmit, transport (as a prisoner, hostage, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman enga irundaalum enkiTTe koNTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Bring Raman to me, wherever he may be</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring (s.o.) up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLaru)</font> 6 tr <br> raise, train up; foster; educate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa taniyaa kozandeye vaLattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother brought up the child singlehandedly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siiraaTTi vaLaru)</font> 6 tr <br> raise lovingly, indulgently<br> .<br> <font size=+1>eLavarasan siiraaTTi vaLandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The prince was brought up very indulgently.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause the fall of; fell; defeat; ruin, bring s.o. to their knees<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan poorule romba vallavan; ellaareyum viizttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was very skilled in combat and managed to bring everybody down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring (a)round, through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevukku koNTuvaa)</font> 2c tr <br> revive, restore to consciousness<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga ellaarum kaTalule vizundavane nenevukku koNTuvandoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We all worked to revive the man who'd fallen in the sea and bring him around</font><br> 1) (soyanelekki koNTu vaa, koNTaa) 2c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> make s.t. happen; be responsible for the origin of; originate; accomplish, attain, achieve<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan yaarooTeyoo peesi ideyellaam eppaTiyoo samaaLiccirukkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has spoken to someone or other and has somehow or other managed to bring all this about</font><br> 1) (eerpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangavayyi)</font> 6 tr <br> persuade, convince of the rightness of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe kaaraNamellaam enne eNangaveccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His reasons finally brought me around</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazikki koNTuvaa)</font> 2c tr <br> persuade s.o. to accept o's view; influence in o's favor; flip s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane siikkiramaa namma vazikku koNTuvaraNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to bring him around to our side, as soon as possible.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevukku koNTu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> cause memories to recur; cause to remember; restore memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa moham enakku ellaatteyum nenevukku koNTuvandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His face brought everything back to my memory.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring back to life</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyirppi)</font> 6b intr <br> revive; resuscitate; bring around, give artificial respiration to, give/administer CPR to, save, restore to health;<br> <br> <font size=+1>yeranda manidane yaaraalum uyirppikka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can bring a dead man back to life</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring forth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 4 tr <br> bring forth; bear young<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava romba kashTattooTe kozandeye pettaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She brought forth the child only with great difficulty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring forth/about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> produce; manufacture; bring out, create<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazkke eppaTi uNTaakudu appaTiingrade patti nereya makkaL ezudiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>A number of people have written about how life is brought forth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> join, unite, associate, admit s.o.<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>onga kuzuvule avane seekka veeNTaam appaTiNNu nereya taTave eTuttu sonneen. niingadaan keekkalle!</font><br> <font size=+1>I told you over and over not to bring him into your group, but you didn't listen!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> transport in for a specific purpose; summon; summon in; introduce; send for, call for, bid, request or demand the presence of <br> <br> <font size=+1>pooTTiyle jeyikka veLinaaTTlerundu payircciyaaLarunga varavazikkappaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Trainers from abroad were brought in for the competition</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> earn (an income); produce; yield, as profit, harvest, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan kuTukka kuTukka, avanooTe niruvanamum tiruppi tiruppi kuTuttuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The more he invested, the more money his firm brought in</font><br> 1) (aLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring in (as a judgement)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( ~ ~)~</B> <font size=+1>(koNTuvaa)</font> 3 tr <br> return, render a verdict<br> <br> <font size=+1>maarttaa sTuuvarTTu vazakkule naTuvar manram kutta vazakku tiirppu koNTuvandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the Martha Stewart case, the jury brought in a guilty verdict</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> accomplish, be successful with<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTe cinna vayasule nereya kaariyangaLe neraveettinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She brought off many accomplishments in her young life.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> introduce or release a new product; put a new product on the market<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga niruvanam neettu oru pudu poruLe veLiyiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our firm brought out a new product yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLikkiTTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> publish, put out<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham enga paLLikuuTattule oru pattirihaye veLLikiTTuvandoom</font><br> <font size=+1>This year in my school, we brought out a magazine.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring to (a stop)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring to a standstill; stop or interrupt s.t.; interrupt<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tarkole seyyarudukku munnaale naan avaLe niruttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>Before she could commit suicide, I stopped her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring to (an end)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> make an end of; complete, conclude; finish, bring to conclusion<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan anda veeleye oru vaziyaa neettu muTicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I finally brought that work to an end yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivukku koNTuvaa)</font> irreg. 2t <br> complete or conclude, as agreements, negotiations, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naaTahatte iyakkunar eppodaan muTivukku koNTuvaruvaaroo?</font><br> <font size=+1>I wonder when the director will bring the drama to some kind of final conclusion?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring to (neg.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sede)</font> 2 intr <br> be brought to nothing, naught; be decimated, annihilated; be derelict, in ruins, dilapidated, ruinous, tumbledown, ramshackle, decrepit, falling to pieces, crumbling, decaying, disintegrating<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliyoo nooyinaale anda graamamee sedenjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of polio the entire town was brought to nothing.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring to a boil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kodi)</font> 6b intr <br> bubble up, seethe; be very hot internally; be ready to explode<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLikka taNNiye ippa naan kodikkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am bringing the bath water to a boil now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring to(gether)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> gather, mix, mingle; compound<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ellaareyum diipaavaLi vizaave koNTaaTa tannooTe viiTTule kuuTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She brought everyone together in her house for the Deepavali festivities.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6 tr <br> combine, merge into one, unite; reconcile, join, associate; conciliate<br> <br> <font size=+1>pala varushamaa pirinjirunda pazeya sneedangaLe oNNaa eNecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was able to bring together the two old friends who had been separated for many years</font><br> 1) (seeru) 6 tr<br> 2) (seeru vayyi @Rb tr@) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munneettu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to expand or progress; bring to a more advanced state; develop; stimulate growth<br> <br> <font size=+1>graamangaLe munneetta arasukiTTe tiTTangaLee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has no plans to bring the villages up to par</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring up/forward</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaale koNTu vaa, koNTaa)</font> 2 tr <br> put forward; show; put s.t. up for discussion; bring up (a question)<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan nereyaa vishiyangaLe visaaraNekki munnaale koNTu vandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I brought up several matters for inquiry.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brisk, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surusuruppu aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be bright, efficient, sharp; be short with words; wield a sharp pencil or tongue<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba soombalaa irunda avan tannooTe tandayooTa saavukku appuram surusuruppaanaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He who had been really lazy became very brisk and efficient after his father died.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bristle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siluppu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make the hair stand on end (of porcupine, etc.); annoy s.o., make s.o. defensive; be stirred up; rise up to fight or in defiance<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe kaTinamaana vaartenga enna siluppa veccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His harsh words made me bristle.</font><br> 1) (silirttezu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siliru)</font> 6 tr <br> cause goosebumps; cause the hair to stand up (of people);<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paatta moham avane siliccuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The face that he saw made his hair bristle and stand on end</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>broach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTeccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bring up a subject that has been kept secret, not previously discussed, or is sensitive<br> <br> <font size=+1>peesakkuuTaadade avan ellaar munnaaleyum oTeccu viTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He broached a subject that should not have been brought up in front of everyone.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>broadcast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oliparappu)</font> 3 tr <br> send out by radio, television, etc.; speak, sing, etc. for radio broadcast<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiraa gaandiyooTe saavu naaTu muzuvadum oliparappa paTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>(The news of) Indira Gandhi's death was broadcast throughout the nation.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>broaden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virivu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> extend knowledge, horizons; make s.o. aware of larger issues<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar kaNakkule ennooTe njyaanatte virivu paTuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher broadened my knowledge of math.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>broader, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 6 intr 3 <br> become fatter, heavier; widen, expand, stretch (out), draw out, spread; deepen.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava saappTu saappTu peruttu poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She ate and ate and got fatter and broader</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brocade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puTTaa pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> decorate cloth with raised designs; weave with decorative designs in relief<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaanjipurattule tuNi neyravanga poTavekki puTTaa pooTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In Kanjipuram the weavers brocade special sarees</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>broken, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 2b intr <br> break, as a branch or a bone; snap<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyalunaale marattooTe keLenga murikkappaTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tree branches were broken by the storm.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>broken-hearted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam oTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be heartbroken, grief-stricken, desolate, devastated, inconsolable, miserable, depressed, wretched, sorrowful, forlorn, heavy-hearted, woeful, doleful, downcast, woebegone, sad<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe manevi eravunaale avan manam oTenju poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was broken-hearted by the death of his wife.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bronze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veNkalam puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> cover or plate in bronze; give the appearance or color of bronze to<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooville neettu saamikki veNkalam puusinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They bronzed the image of the god at the temple yesterday.</font><br> 1) (veNkala vaNNamaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brood</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pori)</font> 6b tr <br> brood over and hatch (as birds or snakes)<br> <br> <font size=+1>parave kunju poriccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bird brooded over the young</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTekaa)</font> 6 tr <br> cover with the body so as to hatch (eggs, etc., as birds, snakes)<br> <br> <font size=+1>koozi muTTe meele okkaandu aTekaattukkiTTrundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hen sat brooding on the eggs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brood (about)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(adee (oree) neneppaayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be obsessed in thoughts about s.t.; worry, fret, agonize, think, ponder, meditate, muse, mull, dwell (on/upon), ruminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan adee neneppaa reNTu naaLaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been brooding about the same issue for a couple days now.</font><br> 1) (varuttappaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brook</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttukko @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> tolerate, put up with (usu. only negative)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade poruttukka-maaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He won't put up with that; he brooks no opposition</font><br> 1) (sahiccukkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>browbeat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bully; scold; frighten by words; hector, intimidate, force, coerce, compel, dragoon, bludgeon, pressure, tyrannize, terrorize, menace; harass, harry, hound;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda cinna kozandeye viiNaa adaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He browbeat the little child needlessly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brown</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pon neramaa varu)</font> 6 tr <br> toast; roast s.t. golden brown; sautee<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan dooseye pon neramaa varuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He browned the dosa a nice golden color</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brown, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> get tanned in the sun; darken<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naaL muzukka veLiyle veele senju neram karuttupoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Working all day in the sun, he became really brown</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>browse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meelezundu vaariyaa paTi)</font> 6b tr <br> read or study cursorily; look over or through; pay superficial attention to, as in bookstores, libraries, etc.; move or surf through various files on a computer, the Internet, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTe paaTatteyellaamee meelezundu vaariyaattaan paTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just sort of browsed the lessons only superficially.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nunippul meeyi)</font> 2b tr <br> feed upon the upper layer, feed within reach; read or study cursorily; pay superficial attention to<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava soombattanattule pustahatteyellaam nunippul meeyccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was very lazy, and only browsed through her books</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bruise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat in a mortar; pound, smash, crush<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kaTuhe poTiyaa iTiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She bruised the peppers into a fine powder.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNa vayyi)</font> 6 tr <br> discolor the skin by blows; contuse; (of fruits, plants, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vesha paambe taTiyaale kaNNaveccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She beat the poisonous snake with a stick until it was all bruised</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uumekkaaya paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> injure without breaking the skin; cause blood clots or hematoma<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTattule sanTe pooTTavanga oruttara oruttar uumekkaaya paTuttikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The actors in the movie managed to bruise each other while fighting</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bruised, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> get or become bruised, as skin, fruits, etc.; be discolored, blackened, marked, blemished, contused, injured, hurt<br> <br> <font size=+1>paricca vaaze pazam reNTu naaLukku appuram kaNNippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The banana that was plucked became bruised after two days.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brush</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukku)</font> 3 tr <br> brush aside, dismiss (as people, troubles, etc.)<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>avaLe anda maadiri odukkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't brush her aside like that!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTe)</font> 6 tr <br> clean clothes with a brush or cloth<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaL tanooTe saTTeyle irunda azukke toTeccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She brushed off the dirt from her shirt.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brush (by, up, against)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oraanjikkiTTu poo)</font> ic tr <br> brush against; graze in passing, push past s.o.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>bassule oree kuuTTam. ellaareyum oraanjikkiTTu poohaveeNTiyadaayirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bus was very crowded--you had to brush against people to get by.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brush (teeth)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> clean (teeth) with a brush or fingers<br> <br> <font size=+1>tenamum kaaleyle palle veLakkara pazakkam nalla pazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is a good habit to brush your teeth every day in the morning.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brush off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> wave aside; dismiss<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan avane eccarikka seyya muyarci senjeen, aanaa avan ennooTe edirppe odukki taLLiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to warn him, but he just brushed my objections aside</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>brutalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miruham aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make brutal by repeated exposure to violence; make savage, make like an animal; demonize; desensitize, dehumanize, harden, toughen, inure<br> <br> <font size=+1>iiraakkle poor veedangaLe miruham aakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The war in Iraq seemed to brutalize the soldiers</font><br> 1) (kaaTTumiraaNTi maattu) 3 tr<br> 2) (moraTTuttanamaakku) 3 tr<br> 3) (kuruuramaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(miruhamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> brutalize; turn or cause to be a brute<br> <font size=+1>The treatment he received from his father brutalized him</font><br> 1) (kaaTTumiraaNTi maattu) 3 tr<br> 2) (moraTTuttanamaakku) 3 tr<br> 3) (kuruuramaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bubble (up/over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kumiziyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> break out in bubbles; (fig.) bubble with joy, etc.; send up or rise in bubbles<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe tirumaNa seydi avaLe kumiziyiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The news of his marriage made her bubble over with joy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bubble up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pongu)</font> 3 intr <br> give off bubbles; boil over; overflow, effervesce<br> <br> <font size=+1>paal pongumboodu ellaarum pongaloo pongalNu sollaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone is supposed to say 'Pongalo pongal' when the milk bubbles up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkiyeri)</font> 2b tr <br> throw (the rider) by bucking, etc., as a steer, horse, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaLe veraTTule kaaLe kaaLekkaarare tuukkiyerinjiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The horse bucked the rider off.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(edirniiccal pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> go against the current, trend, or the flow of s.t.; attempt to change or overthrow s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangattukku oruttanaale maTTum edirniiccal pooTa muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>One person acting along can't buck the government.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buck (the tide)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edir niiccal pooTu)</font> 6 tr <br> go against s.t. such as a trend, a system; oppose<br> , <br> <font size=+1>mattavanga sel foon vaangrapoodu, edir niiccal pooTuradu kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>When everyone else is getting cell phones, it's difficult to buck the tide.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buck (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urcaaham aTe)</font> 2b intr <br> become cheerful or vigorous; revive<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaL aaha aaha avanum tannooTe nooye maranduTTu urcaaham aTenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>As the days passed by, he forgot his illness and began to buck up.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buckle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> secure or fasten a buckle, clasp, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan seruppe sariyaa maaTTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I buckled my shoe tight.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buckle under</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNinji poo)</font> 3b tr <br> be submissive; give in, submit, cave in<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar kurumbaana maaNavane tiTTinaa; aanaa avan taNinju poohaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher kept scolding the mischievous student; but he refused to buckle under the pressure.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>budge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ase)</font> 2 intr <br> shift slightly; move away a little; make or cause to make the slightest movement (usu. neg.)<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avLooTa neleye maatta naanga varpuruttinoom. ava onnum aseyradaa teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to get her to change her position, but she wouldn't budge</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTukuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be considerate; make or cause to make the slightest movement; move, shift, stir, go<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakkaa konjam viTTu kuTungaLeen!</font><br> <font size=+1>Can't you budge a little for me?</font><br> 1) (asenjukuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>budget</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((varavu selavu tiTTam) tayaari)</font> 6b tr <br> draft or prepare a budget<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu arasaangattule aTutta varushattukku varavu selavu tiTTam tayaariccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday, the government began budgeting for the upcoming (fiscal) year.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam odukku)</font> 6 tr <br> include in a budget; set aside (funds) for<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNattukku odukki vacca paNatte tiipaavaLikki selavu senjiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The money that they had budgeted for the wedding, they spent on Diwali instead.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bug</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naccari)</font> 6b tr <br> pester; tease; annoy; trouble, vex; badger, hound, harass, plague, annoy, bother, keep after, persecute, torment, bedevil, harry, worry, beleaguer, chivvy, nag; (inf.) hassle<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tenamum avane paNa samaajaratte patti naccarittaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She bugged him daily about money matters.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(olippadivu karuvi ame)</font> 6b tr <br> install a listening device in a place; plant a secret microphone, listening device or other audiosurveillance device<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliiskaaranga neettu taan inge oru olipadivu karuviye ameccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police bugged this area only yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcaluuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> annoy, nag, vex, bother, irritate, needle; give constant input and suggestions so as to confuse and throw s.o. off; be on s.o.'s case<br> !<br> <font size=+1>enne ozungaa veele seyyavuTaama appaTi seyyi ippaTi seyyiNNu solli enakku ericcaluuTTikkiTTeeyirukke!</font><br> <font size=+1>You bug me constantly with all kinds of instructions on how to do my job and never let me do things on my own!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bugle (sound)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kombu uudi aze)</font> 6b tr <br> call by sounding the instrument<br> d <br> <font size=+1>anda veerane graamam muzusaa kombu uudi azeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole village sounded bugles to welcome the hero</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>build</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> construct; tie up; pack<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maNTabatte pattu varushangaLukku munnaale kaTTaarambiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They started building this dome ten years ago.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> construct and give over; construct on a turnkey basis<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga taattaa taan inda viiTTe engaLukku kaTTi kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>It was our grandfather who built us this house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ame)</font> 3 tr <br> create; make; construct from scratch; create<br> <br> <font size=+1>amerikka arasaangam iraakkule oru pudu samudaayam amekka paakkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The U.S. government is trying to build a new society in Iraq.</font><br> 1) (uruvaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> erect; build upon land; construct<br> j j <br> <font size=+1>aagraavule shaa jahaan taaj mahaale ezuppinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in Agra.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>build up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perukku)</font> 3 tr <br> practice; build up; enlarge<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar oru varushattuleeyee tannooTe vevasaayatte reNTu pangu perukkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Within a year he built up his business to where it had doubled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bulge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poTe)</font> 6b intr <br> extend; swell out; be enlarged; enlarge (as the stomach); protrude; stick out; hang out, as from a pocket, overflow<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaL muzusaa saappiTTadunaale avanooTa vayiru poTeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because he ate all day long, his stomach bulged out.</font><br> 1) (pidungu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bulk (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perusaa tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> be or look large, heavy or important; become large; deliberately gain weight for competitive purposes, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda poTTiyooTe aLave paattaa romba perusaa tooNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Looking at the size of that suitcase, it seems really bulked up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bully</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(araTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> frighten through words; browbeat, intimidate, coerce, oppress, domineer, persecute, cow, tyrannize, pressure, bulldoze; (inf.) push around, strong-arm. <br> ?<br> <font size=+1>periyavan appaTiNNaalum engaLellaam ippaTi araTTalaama?</font><br> <font size=+1>Just because he's older, must we let him bully us like this?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttu izuttu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak in a slow or sub-standard manner; slur o's speech (from intoxication, age, infirmity, etc.) drawl, mumble<br> ! !<br> <font size=+1>izuttu izuttu peesaade; sariyaa peesu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't mumble and bumble; speak clearly!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bump</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> push s.o. aside, as in a work hierarchy; take s.o.'s job through seniority, because of layoffs, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>reNTu vangiyeyum seettadule meelaaLare odaviyaaLaraahavum, odaviyaaLare paNivaaLaraahavum taLLi viTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the two banks merged, they bumped the manager down to assistant manager, and the assistant manager to secretary.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkippooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of vehicles) hit, bang, strike, knock, crash into, collide with; (inf.) slam; throw s.o/s.t over; jerk<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda karaTumoraTaana rooTule vaNTi engaLe tuukkipooTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>On that rough road, the vehicle just bumped us all over</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> strike or knock against, esp. accidentally; hurt o.s. by bumping<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en maNTeye sevuttu meele muTTikuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I bumped my head against the wall.</font><br> 1) (moodikkoo @(sh intr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bump into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTittukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> knock into; collide with; hit or strike against<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu raattiri naan sovuttle iTiccikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I bumped into the wall last night.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bunch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kosuvam veccukaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> wear (sari) after having gathered it into folds<br> <br> <font size=+1>poTaveye kosuvam veccu kaTTinaa azahaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>When you wear a sari, bunch it up and fold it under, then it will look nice.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kottaaha kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tie (flowers, etc.) together into a bunch or bouquet<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava puuve azahaana kottaa kaTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She bunched the flowers into a pretty bouquet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bunch up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put together in a confused way; throw confusedly into; clump or bunch together; wad up<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTe tuNimaNiyellaam oru kottaa poTTile pooTTu tuukkippooTTu porappaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She bunch up all her clothes together willy-nilly in the suitcase and set out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bundle (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTekaTTi anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> pack s.o. off; send (s.o.) away unceremoniously; send s.o. packing<br> ? !<br> <font size=+1>avanga een inge innum tangaraanga? avangaLe ingeendu muuTTe kaTTi anuppu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are they still here? Bundle them off and send them packing!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bundle (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTe kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tie in, or make up into, a bundle; pack up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ellaatteyum muuTTe kaTTi viiTTe viTTu veLiyeerinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He bundled everything up and moved out of the house.</font><br> 1) (kottu kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bungle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLarubaTi seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> do (a piece of work) badly or clumsily; bumble; botch<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>veeleye nallaa nidaanamaa seyyi; koLarubaTi seyyaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Do your work calmly and do it well; don't bungle it!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> botch; bumble; confuse or muddle; mess up; do a hatchet job on s.t.; blunder over, mismanage, or fail at s.t.; mishandle, mismanage, mess up, spoil, ruin; (inf.) muff, fluff, make a hash of, foul<br> !<br> <font size=+1>sollikuTukka aarambiccavan enne nallaa kozappiviTTaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>He started teaching me stuff but ended up totally bungling the job!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bunt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> hit/strike s.t. down; (baseball) hit softly; (fig.) do s.t. weak or ineffectual instead of s.t. strong and forceful<br> <br> <font size=+1>pande oongiyaTikkradukku badilaa leesaa muTTitaLLiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of hitting a home run, he bunted.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buoy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(modakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> keep s.t. afloat in the water or in the sky; raise s.o.'s spirits, keep spirits aloft, raise morale, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTe mahizcci ellaareyum modakka senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her happiness buoyed everyone's spirits.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> speak indistinctly with anger, in fear, etc.; stammer; speak in an unintelligible or silly way, typically at unnecessary length; chirp vapidly; gurgle, bubble, murmur, purr, whirr, drone, hum, rumble<br> <br> <font size=+1>payattule koLari peesinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In his fear, he kind of burbled indistinctly</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> lay a charge or burden on a person; delegate a responsibility; give or saddle s.o. (with) responsibility for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vayasuleeyee avan meele nereye baaram sommattapaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was burdened with heavy responsibilities even at a young age</font><br> 1) (some eettu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(somakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make s.o. carry, transport, or bear s.t.; load s.t. on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa muuTTeyum enne maTTum somakka seyyaadeNNu kumaran sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>"Don't burden me with all the bags" Kumaran complained.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burglarize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kannamiTTu tiruTu)</font> 3 tr <br> break into (homes etc.) and steal things<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan viiTTukkuLLe puhundu saamaaneyellaam kannamiTTu tiruTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He burglarized the house at night and stole all the stuff.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buried, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(podenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> lie interred; lie buried or hidden, be underground<br> <br> <font size=+1>sottu maNNule podenjirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The treasure was buried in the ground.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> burn with a hot stick, etc., as punishment; mark cattle, etc. with a branding iron; brand<br> <br> <font size=+1>sele samudaayattule pazuppu kambiyaale suuTupooTTu mada sambandadmaana paNTiheye seyvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In some secret societies, burning the new members with a branding iron is part of the initiation rites.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> consume by fire, heat<br> <br> <font size=+1>paal aTuppule suTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk is burning on the stove.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karukku)</font> 3 tr <br> roast; singe, scorch; burn to a crisp; darken by heat; broil; char<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan arusiye aTuppule marandu pooyi nereyaa neeram veccu ade karukkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He forgot the rice on the stove for several hours and (consequently) burned it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(koLuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> set fire to; set aflame; ignite<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan aatturattule anda kaTidatte koLuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He burned the letter in anger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(anal viisu)</font> 3 intr <br> send out rays of heat; be very hot; glow<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>anda veppa kaalattule anal viisiccu; engaLaale veLiyle engeyum pooha muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>That summer, it was burning hot; we couldn't go out at all</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTukkoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> get scalded or burnt (of skin)<br> !<br> <font size=+1>kaiye neruppule suTTukkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't burn your hands in the fire!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(posungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be sunburned, scorched or singed; be consumed (by fire)<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaalu suuTTule posungi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My feet got burned from the sun.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(posukku)</font> 3 tr <br> scorch; singe<br> <br> <font size=+1>neruppu en poTaveye posukkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fire burned my sari.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(eri)</font> 2b intr <br> burn as chafed or dried skin; be sunburnt; be reddened and inflamed, as the skin caused by overexposure to the sun<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyil suuTTule en toolu erinjee pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the heat of the sun, my skin felt like it was burning</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) j </B> <font size=+1>(joli)</font> 6b intr <br> light up or glow, as with interest, desire, etc.; sparkle<br> j ( )<br> <font size=+1>avan kaNha urcaahattaale joliccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes burned with enthusiasm.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burn (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be destroyed by fire; be burnt out<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTu anda neruppule muzusaa erinjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our house burned completely down in that fire.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burn (internally)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenju eri)</font> 2b intr <br> (+ dat 3rd pn.) suffer from heartburn; have indigestion, have acid reflux disease<br> , <br> <font size=+1>enakku nenju erinjadunaale, naan TaakTare paakka pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of the burning feeling [heartburn] in my throat, I went to see the doctor.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burn (up/down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTeri)</font> 6 tr <br> destroy by fire<br> <br> <font size=+1>gooshTipuusalle nereya viiTu suTTericcuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>As a result of the gang war, they burned many houses to the ground</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burn down, into, up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTu posukku)</font> 3 tr <br> burn up; destroy completely by fire; incinerate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda kuttamsaaTTure kaTidatte suTTu posukkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He destroyed the incriminating letter by burning it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTeri)</font> 6b tr <br> burn down; destroy completely by fire; be consumed by fire;<br> <br> <font size=+1>verahu neruppule erinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The firewood (got) burned (up) in the fire.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 6b tr <br> burn into, eat up (as acid, caustic soda)<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaaramaana saappaaTu ennooTe nenje ariccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That spicy food burned my stomach.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burn inwardly (fig.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vayiru eri)</font> 2b intr <br> suffer from indignities; be hungry; growl from hunger (of stomach)<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avane paattaalee en vayiru eriyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>When I see him, my stomach starts churning and burning.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burn s.o. up (fig.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azattu)</font> 3 tr <br> burn/torment as a sore does; inflame; seethe, do a slow burn,<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTe soombattanam enne azatticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her laziness just burned me up.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burned out, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karinjupoo)</font> 4 intr <br> be exhausted by s.o.; be unable to stand s.t. any more; be a burnt-out case; be fed up<br> <br> <font size=+1>ave muppadu vayasuleeyee veelaye senju senju karinjupoonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was burned out by housework by the age of thirty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kari)</font> 2b intr <br> become charred, singed<br> !<br> <font size=+1>aTuppule irunda kaayhariyellaam karinjupooyTuccee!</font><br> <font size=+1>All the vegetables on the stove have gotten burned!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karuhippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become scorched, singed or wasted; be consumed by fire, be destroyed or eaten up by flame; cease to exist<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTuppuleendu sariyaana neerattule eTukkaadadunaale doose karuhipooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dosa got burnt because it was not rescued from the stove in time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burnish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meruhiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> polish; brighten<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLi paattarangaLLaam puujekki meruhiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>(You) must burnish the silver bowls for the puja until they're bright</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burnt, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> be sunburned; be bruised<br> <br> <font size=+1>veppa kaalattule ennooTe tool kaNNu poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>In the summer, my skin gets sunburned.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tii)</font> 2b intr <br> be slightly scorched<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>saappaaTe aTuppuleendu eTu; illeNNaa adu tiinju poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>Remove the food from the stove; otherwise, it'll get burned.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyle taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pat on the head to stop from hiccupping; pat on the chest to cause burping<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozendeye taleyle taTTinaa pore eeraadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you pat the child on the head, it won't burp</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeppam viTa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> burp a baby; cause s.o. to belch (by patting on the back, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozendeye muduhule taTTi eeppam viTa seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Burp the baby by patting it on the back.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burrow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTe)</font> 2 tr <br> bore or hollow out; dig holes under the surface of; make a burrow, as foxes, ferrets, etc.; question persistently and minutely<br> <br> <font size=+1>enge paattaalum aNil koTenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The squirrel has burrowed holes everywhere.</font><br> 1) (vaLe tooNTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nooNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pry; rummage; investigate; stick o's nose into s.t.; be inquisitive, pry<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan oru periya perumuukku; ellaarooTe irahasiyatteyum nooNTe paappaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is very nosy; he'll try to burrow into everyone's secrets.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burst</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 6b intr <br> break; fly into pieces; explode or splatter out from s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>muttu naheyleendu tericcudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The pearl burst from the (encased) jewel.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe)</font> 2 intr <br> break; go into pieces; explode; break suddenly and violently apart; split, split open, break open, rupture, crack, fracture, fragment, shatter, shiver, fly open<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan baluune veehamaa uudinadunaale adu paTaaruNNu oTenjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He blew the balloon up too fast and it burst.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burst (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTiirNNu tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> arrive unannounced; appear suddenly; thrust o.s. in upon the scene<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaL virundaaLi en paTiyle iNNekki tiTiirNNu tooNunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly our guest burst into our study today.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burst (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b intr <br> speak out suddenly; begin speaking angrily or violently;<br> g <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki naanga ellaarum saappaaTTukku okkaandirunda poodu avan tiTiirNNu keeLvimeele keeLviyooTe veTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Today, when we were all sitting down to eat, he suddenly burst out with one question after another.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burst into flames</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soTar viTTu eri)</font> 2b intr <br> explode; be in flames; incinerate suddenly<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTu tiTiirNNu soTar viTTu erinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The house suddenly burst into flames.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burst out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLukk-NNu siri)</font> 6b intr <br> explode with sudden laughter<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyarooTe saTTeyile oru sinna ooTTe irukkrade paattu maaNavanga kaLukkuNNu siricciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the students saw the hole in their teacher's shirt, they burst out laughing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLukkuNNu siri)</font> 6b intr <br> explode with sudden laughter<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyarooTe saTTeyile oru sinna ooTTe irukkrade paattu maaNavanga kaLukkuNNu siricciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the students saw the hole in their teacher's shirt, they burst out laughing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bury</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pode)</font> 6b tr <br> put a dead body in a grave; cover with earth; hide, as a treasure, etc. lay to rest, consign to the grave, entomb, inhume<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiriyle avanga poNatte podeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The buried the body at night.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(podeccuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> forget; hide, conceal<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda vishiyatte nii podeccu viTu; mattavangaLukku terinjuviTTaa aabattu</font><br> <font size=+1>Bury this matter; if others get to hear of it, it's dangerous.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(podeccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> bury for safe keeping<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tiruTina tanga nahengaLe avan tannooTa viiTTu tooTTattule podeccuveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He buried the stolen gold jewelery in his garden.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6b tr <br> hide s.t. in the ground; put a seed in the ground; inlay, as a gem<br> .<br> <font size=+1>inda sedeye maNNule aazamaa padi</font><br> <font size=+1>Bury this seed deep in the ground.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bushwhack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gorillaa moreyle poor seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make way across country through forest (military, guerrilla warfare, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda raanuva paLLikuuTattule gorillaa moreyle poor seyya kattukuTukkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In this military academy, they teach you to 'bushwhack'.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bushy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(podaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> grow or spread like a bush; be thick with undergrowth<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaTu oree podaraa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The woods were very thick and bushy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be thick like a bush, as eye brows, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe puruvam aTandirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyebrows are bushy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bushy, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(podaraahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be overgrown with bushes or like a bush<br> , <br> <font size=+1>oruttarum inda nelatte gavanikkaadadunaale, adu podaraa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Because no one's taking care of this land, it's become overgrown and bushy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 3b intr <br> be caught, be apprehended or punished; be done for<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis maTTum ide paattaangaNNaa niinga tiindiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>If the police find out about this, you'll be busted.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bustle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paraparappaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be in a hurry, a rush; be very busy<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaNavarunga paricce kaalattule paraparappaa iruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Students are always bustling about during exam time.</font><br> 1) (surusuruppaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTiyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> hurry about<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naaL muzukka ooTiyaaTi ozeccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>All day long he hustled and bustled and toiled.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bustle about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padariyaTicci seyyi @nb intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> rush about, hurry around, dash around<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa viiTTukku poorappoo ava padariyaTiccikkiTTu samaippaa</font><br> <font size=+1>When you go to her house, she starts bustling about preparing food</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>busy (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surusuruppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> keep active; keep occupied, engaged<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii eppoodum tuungiTTee irukkaame konjam surusuruppaa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of sleeping all the time, you need to keep busy and active.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>busy o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veele kuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> keep a person or thing engaged in or busy with some piece of work<br> <br> <font size=+1>eedaavadu tappaana eNNangaL varappa avan tanakku eedaavatu veele koTuttukkuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he feels these bad feelings coming on, he needs to busy himself with some activity</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>busy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be engaged in; be involved with<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalaaLi veeleyaa irukkradunaale naaLekki vaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Come tomorrow--the boss is busy (today)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>butcher</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> slaughter (animals) for food; cut up an animal into pieces<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kooziye veTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He butchered the chicken.</font><br> 1) (aru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koNNuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> kill; massacre; bungle terribly; destroy indiscriminately<br> <br> <font size=+1>iraakle arasaangam nereyaa appaavi makkaLe koNNuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>In Iraq, the government butchered many innocent people.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>butt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> push/hit against, esp. with the head, horns, or blunt object; ram, headbutt, bunt; bump, buffet, push, shove<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan vayalle irundapoodu, maaTu tiTiirNNu vandu enne muTTiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>While I was out in the field, the cow suddenly came and butted me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> butt in; interrupt; meddle in a situation where not appropriate; stick o's nose into<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een onakku sammandam illaada vishiyattule nii taleyiTare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you butting into matters that don't concern you?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>butter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veNNe taTavu)</font> 3 tr <br> cover or spread butter upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>idule veNNe taTavinaa innum soveyaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you butter this, it will be even more tasty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>butter (s.o.) up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aayilaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> Do or make s.t. to s.o. so as to obtain favors; grease the palm; polish the apple; curry favor with; (inf.) suck up to; brownnose;<br> . <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaar solra veeleye ellaam senju avarukku aayilaTiccu vaccirukkaan inda paiyan. pariccayile niccayamaa paas paNNiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>This boy has buttered up his teacher very thoroughly by doing all the jobs he asked him to do. He will definitely pass the examination</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>butter (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veNNe vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> flatter s.o.; lavish compliments on, especially in order to further o's own interests; compliment, praise, express admiration for, say nice things about, pay court to, fawn on; cajole, humour; (inf<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan periyavanga meele veNNe veccee vaazkeyle munneerirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has progressed in life solely by buttering up his superiors.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soop pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> soft soap; massage the ego; compliment unduly, esp. for gain or advantage<br> ? !<br> <font size=+1>een ivvaLavu sooppu pooTare; uNmeye peesu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you trying to butter me up like this? Be honest!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mohastudi sey @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> flatter, softsoap s.o.; massage s.o.'s ego; brown-nose<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan paricceyle nalla maarku vaanguradukku, paTikrade viTTuTTu aasiriyare mohastudi senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In order to get better grades in the exams he resorted to buttering up the teacher, instead of studying harder.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>button</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pottaan pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fasten with buttons; insert a button into a button hole<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>modalle nii onnooTe saTTekki pottaan pooTu; paLLikkuuTattukku neeram aahudu</font><br> <font size=+1>First button your shirt; it's getting late for school.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buttress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odekaal kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prop up, furnish with a temporary strut; strengthen, reinforce, support, shore up, underpin, brace, uphold, defend, back up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa karuttukku aadaravaa sappekkaTTu kaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to buttress his arguments with lame excuses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> get; purchase<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTekki poohum poodu enakku konjam paal eTuttukoonga</font><br> <font size=+1>When you go to the store, buy me some milk.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koomodal seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a purchase of; acquire by payment<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avvaLavu arisiye koomodal senjadunaale avanaale ade saappiTa muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>Because he bought so much rice, he couldn't finish eating it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> purchase<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii evvaLa nelam vaanginee?</font><br> <font size=+1>How much land did you buy?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> purchase for o.s. or o's own use<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade nii onakkaahavee vaangikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Buy that for your own use.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> purchase for another; purchase as a gift for another<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa kozende keeTadeyellaam adukku vaangikuTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother bought the child everything it asked for.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(malivaa vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> purchase cheaply; get s.o. for a bargain<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide nii burmaa bazaarule romba maluvaa vaangalaamee</font><br> <font size=+1>You could buy this very cheaply in Burma Bazaar</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(velekki vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> get s.t. by paying a price; gain a person by bribing; buy over or out; pay hard (or cold) cash for s.t.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda viiTTe naan velekki vaangineen; yaarum ide enakku elavasamaa kuTuttuTalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I bought this house for hard cash; no one gave it to me for free.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buy (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> buy up; purchase for a later use; stock up on; inundate with gifts or purchases;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enakku parisu meele parisu vaangi pooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He bought me gift after gift</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buy (back)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> repurchase s.t.; buy s.t. that one has just sold<br> ; d !<br> <font size=+1>inda naheye nii ippavee tiruppivaangaNum; idu onnooTe naheyille!</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to buy that jewelry back immediately; it wasn't yours to begin with!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buzz</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moralu)</font> 1 intr <br> make a buzzing sound; push a buzzer; hum, as bees<br> <br> <font size=+1>teeni moralum</font><br> <font size=+1>Bees buzz.</font><br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uur siri)</font> 6b intr <br> tell or communicate rumors secretively; give out, put about, circulate, spread, pass around, noise abroad, disseminate, gossip, hint, suggest.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>anda payyanum poNNum ooTi poona seydiye patti uuree sirikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>When that boy and girl eloped, the whole town was buzzing with rumors.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>buzz (give or make)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koralkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make a (telephone) call, give s.o. a buzz, a ring; call s.o. (up) or ring s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku enda seeve veeNTumNNaalum enakku oru koralkuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever help you need, just give me a buzz.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cable</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keebil anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> send a telegram, cable or wire<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan uurukku varradaa engaLukku neettu keebil anuppiyirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sent us a cable yesterday about his impending arrival</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cache</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(podeccuvayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> hide s.t. underground; bury; place s.t. in a hiding place in order to get it later<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga tiruTina paNatte tooTTattule podeccu vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They cached the loot in the garden.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cackle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> crow as cocks; call, call out<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kezavi poole kuuvinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She cackled like an old lady.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kokkari)</font> 6b intr <br> make the sound of hens; shout in triumph or defiance; give a raucous clucking cry; cluck, clack, squawk<br> <br> <font size=+1>koozi kokkarikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Hens cackle.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cadge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(picceyeTuttu tiri)</font> 3b intr <br> go about begging; scrounge, borrow; (inf.) bum, touch s.o.for, sponge; (Brit. inf.) scab; (N. Amer. inf.) mooch<br> <br> <font size=+1>munnaale raajaavaa irundavan ippellaam picceyeTuttu tiriyaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He who was like a king earlier, is now going around in the streets, cadging handouts</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuNTule aTe)</font> 4 tr <br> put, confine or keep in a cage, as an animal; imprison, lock up; coop up; restrain in a cage or coop.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>anda paraviye een kuuNTule naaL muzukka aTekkare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you cage the bird like this all day long?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cajole</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(konju)</font> 3 tr <br> say sweet nothings; offer enticements; coax; offer blandishments<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa kozandeye konjuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>a mother will tend to coax and cajole her child</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poha(z)ndu vasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> coax, persuade, flatter; persuade (s.o.) to do s.t. by sustained coaxing or flattery<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kozandeye saappuTavekka pohandu vasappaTuttinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She cajoled the child into eating his food.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pasuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> utter empty promises, etc; wheedle; persuade by flattery, deceit<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>nii uNmeye peesradee nalladu; enakku inda pasuppu veeNTaam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's better if you just speak the truth; I don't need to be cajoled or flattered.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>calculate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakkiTu)</font> 4 tr, tr <br> compute; estimate; add up; reckon<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vari kaTTaradukku tannooTe sambaLatte kaNakkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She calculated her salary in order to pay her taxes.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> count, tally up<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>anda veleye onnaale eNNavaavudu muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you at least calculate the price?</font><br> 1) (suuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>calibrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aLaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> assess the quantity or dimensions of s.t.; mark (a gauge) with a standard scale of readings; adjust and compare an instrument with a standard<br> <br> <font size=+1>idule uppe aLaviTTutaan pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should only add the salt to this after calibrating it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>call</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> call as a cuckoo; shout; cry out; summon help<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuyil kuuvum</font><br> <font size=+1>Cuckoos make the sound 'cuckoo'.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cry or call aloud; send for; invite; name, give a name, have the name; ring up on the phone, telephone s.o.; call for; visit a person to accompany him/her somewhere; call together; convoke; summon<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTe taayaare kuuppuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He called his mother.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuukkoral iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> call out; cry out; emit a cry<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku eedaavudu kashTam irundaa engaLe kuukkoral iTu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you have any difficulties, gives us a call.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(peer kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> assign or give s.o. a name; take, call the roll<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kozandeye enna peer kuuppuTa poore?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you going to call the child?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>call (forth/up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> call forth, call up; bring back to (the) mind; remind; recollect<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTam avan mohatte nenevuuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This picture calls his face to mind.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>call (mistakenly)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> call s.o. by the wrong or different name; mistakenly call or refer to s.o. as s.t.<br> . j !<br> <font size=+1>ennooTe peeru siittaaraaman. niinga eppavum enne raajaaraamNNu tappaak kuuppiTTukkiTTirukkiinga!</font><br> <font size=+1>My name is Sitaraman, but you always call me Rajaraman!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>call (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viLi)</font> 6b tr <br> summon; invite; ask<br> <br> <font size=+1>onaku enna odavi veeNumNNaalum enne viLikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You can call on me for any help at all.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>called, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>((u)ngr-)</font> 5 intr <br> refer to s.t. as, call s.t. as, etc.; be known as<br> j <br> <font size=+1>javaharlaal neeruvooTe poranda naaLe kozandenga denom-ngraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Jawaharlal Nehru's birthday is called (or referred to as) "Children's day".</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>callous, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayi)</font> 6b intr <br> grow hard, as a callous; grow insensitive or indifferent<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe ammaavooTe maraNattukku appuram avan kaanjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He grew callous after the death of his mother.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>calm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make calm; pacify<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda aattramaana kozandeye taNiyaveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He calmed the angry child.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(amedi aTe)</font> 7b tr <br> pacify; calm down; smooth the feelings of; mollify, appease, cool off<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTam amedi aTeye eedaavadu senjaahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Something really needs to be done to calm the people in the crowd</font><br> 1) (amedipaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (teettu) 3 tr<br> 3) (amedi paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>calm (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooyi)</font> 2b intr <br> come to an end, cease, stop, become calm, come to rest, settle down; subside; become silent; simmer down<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri ombadu maNikki appuram kozandenga sattam oonjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>After 9 p.m, the kids' ruckus finally calmed down</font><br> 1) (amediyaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (amediyaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>calm, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(konduLippu aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become quiet (of waves, earthquakes, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>alenga ippa konduLippu aTenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The waves have become calm now.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>calmed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> be soothed, calmed down, cooled off<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare taniyaa azaccikiTTupooyi peecinappuram daan avarooTa veehamum koovamum taNinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>it was only after after we took him out and spoke to him that he calmed down a bit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>camp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muhaam pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> establish a camp (of troops); stay indefinitely, as (unwanted) guests; squat<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ava enga viiTTule aaru maasamaa muhaam pooTTirukkaa!</font><br> <font size=+1>She has camped in our house for the past six months!</font><br> 1) (kuuTaaram aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>camp (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTaaramaTiccu tangu)</font> 3 intr <br> live in a camp; live in temporary quarters<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava aaru maasattukku kuuTaaramaTiccu tanginaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She camped out for six months.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>campaign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooraaTTattule erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> mount, go on a campaign<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaNavarunga neettu kaaleejule pooraaTTattule eranginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Students in the university started campaigning yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooraaTTam naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> organize a campaign, a movement, or an agitation (political, governmental, advertising)<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyarunga tanga sambaLatte perukka pooraaTTam naTattinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Teachers campaigned for higher wages.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>can</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 2b intr 3 pn + dat, <br> be able; have the power, means, knowledge, skill, ability<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ongaLukku saikkiL ooTTa muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you ride a bike?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cane</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porambu veele seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> furnish or provide with cane, as a chair, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>mun kaalattule kuruTarhaLe porambu veele seyya solli kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Way back when, they used to train blind people to cane furniture</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(porambaTi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> to hit or beat with a cane<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeram kaziccu vanda maaNavarungaLe aasiriyar porambaTi kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days, the teachers used to cane students who came late to class.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>canvass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadaravu teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> ask for support; campaign for support; go around door to door, requesting support or votes<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava inda nalla kaaraNattukkaaha peeTTeyle aadaravu teraTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She canvassed in the neighborhood for this good cause.</font><br> 1) (vaakku keeLu) 5b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uutti muuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put on a cap (on a person's head, on a bottle, on a program); put a ceiling on s.t.; establish a highest limit for s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>selavu talekki meela selavaaykiTTirukku. naama inda viyaabaaratte uutti muuTiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Expenses are getting out of hand, so we need to cap this program.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>capable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 2b intr <br> (3pn w dat) be able; be possible (cf. can)<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku tamiz peesamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I am capable of (am able to) speak(ing) Tamil.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (iyalu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>caper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> bound about, gambol; spring; skip, dance, romp, frisk, cavort, prance, frolic, leap, hop, jump<br> <br> <font size=+1>maan tuLLi ooTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The deer capered away.</font><br> 1) (tuLLi kudi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>capitalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(modalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> turn into capital by selling; turn to o's advantage<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda viiTTe nii ippa vittu modalaakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You can sell this house now and capitalize it.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (mudaliiTu seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>capitulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saraNaTe)</font> 2 intr <br> surrender, give in or up, yield, concede defeat, give up the struggle, submit; lay down o's arms, raise/show the white flag, throw in the towel/sponge.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga engakiTTe saraNaTeradu daan ongaLukku nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>Your best option is to capitulate to us.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>capricious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTakku paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> be frivolous, whimsical, unpredictable, unreliable, irresponsible<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>anda aaLe nambavee muTiyaadu; eedaavudu solli eTakkuppaNNikkiTTee iruppaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>You can't trust that guy; he's totally capricious and just keeps giving you the run-around</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>capsize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavuz)</font> 2 intr <br> be overturned, go belly-up, as a boat; flip over, turn turtle<br> <br> <font size=+1>kappal poyalle kavundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The boat capsized in the storm.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (kaviz seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavuz)</font> 6 tr <br> overturn or upset s.t., as a boat; turn over, turn upside down, upend, flip/tip/keel over<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTahule kudiccu soomu paTahe kavuzttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Somu jumped into the boat and managed to capsize it.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (kaviz seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>captivate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNek kavar)</font> 2 tr <br> attract; charm, mesmerize<br> <br> <font size=+1>eLavarasiyooTa azahu eLavarasanooTa kaNNe kavarndudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The beauty of the princess captivated the prince</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> enthrall; fascinate, mesmerize, capture the attention or imagination of<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTattooTa azagule ellaarum mayangi poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people were captivated by the beauty of the painting</font><br> 1) (vasiihari) 6b tr<br> 2) (kavaru) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>capture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaippattu)</font> 3 tr <br> seize, grab, catch hold of; win (in an election etc.); obtain or take for o.s., take possession of, confiscate, usurp<br> . . . <br> <font size=+1>romba kashTappaTTu anda padaviye ti.mu.ka.kaaranga kaipattunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>With great difficulty the DMK party was able to capture that seat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take by force; take prisoner; seize; take possession of<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTane pooliiskaaranga piTiccuTTu pooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police captured the thief and took him away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ahappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> come in o's reach, power, possession<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaar kaNNuleyum ahappaTaama kaidi seraylerundu tappiccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The prisoner got away from the jail without getting captured</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>care</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> look after property or s.o.; take charge of; care for, look out for the needs of<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandengaLe paattukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to care for (look after) the children.</font><br> 1) (paraamari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poruTTaaha madi)</font> 6b tr <br> feel or feel regard or deference for; be concerned, be interested, interest o.s., worry, trouble, bother, mind; (inf.) give a damn, give a hoot, give a rap<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa viiTla tiruTTu poonata raamu oru periya poruTTaave matikala</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu did not seem to care much about the theft that happened in his house</font><br> 1) (pootti vaLaru) 6 tr<br> 2) (viruppam vayyi @(Rb intr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaa @(r tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> preserve, protect; keep; take care of, ward against or off<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda marundu kozandengaLe jorattuleendu kaappaavum</font><br> <font size=+1>This medicine will protect children from fever</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>care (take)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(akkare vayyi @(Rb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> feel interest or concern for; look out for; take responsibility for<br> <br> <font size=+1>taay eppavum kozande meela akkare vaippaa</font><br> <font size=+1>A mother will always care for a child</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>care (to/for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virumbu)</font> 3 tr <br> like; wish; be willing to; care for s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>innum konjam kaappi virumburiingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Would you care for some more coffee?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>careful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavaniccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> be mindful, vigilant, or cautious; take care with; exercise caution; be attentive to detail<br> . <br> <font size=+1>onnooTa kaNakkule eedoo tappu varudu. ade konjam nallaa gavaniccupaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>I think there is an error in your accounts. Please be a little more careful</font><br> 1) (vizippaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (gavanamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>caress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiraaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fondle; stroke, pat, pet, finger, tickle, play with; maul, molest; (inf.) paw, grope, feel up, touch up, cop a feel of<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinna eLavarasane ellaarum siiraaTTi paaraaTTi vaLattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone cherished and caressed the little prince.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(konju)</font> 3 tr <br> fondle; touch lovingly<br> <br> <font size=+1>azudukiTTirunda kozandeye taayaar konji samaadaanam senjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother caressed and consoled the crying child.</font><br> 1) (varuTi kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>caricature</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeliccittaram vare)</font> 2b tr <br> represent in caricature, make a stylized drawing or written portrain of s.o. (or s.t.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasiyal vaadingaLe pattirikeyellaam keeliccittaram vareyvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Politicians are often caricatured in magazines.</font><br> 1) (keeliccittiram aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>caring, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavaniccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> look after; take charge of; care for<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaana kaalattula appaa ammaa kiTTa anpaa naTakkanum</font><br> <font size=+1>Children should care about their parents in their old age</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carol</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paLLu paaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> sing joyous songs, esp. at Christmas; serenade with carols<br> <br> <font size=+1>kristumas samayattule kristuvanga paLLu paaTikkiTTee terukku teru naTandu poovaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Around Christmas time, Christians go through the streets caroling.</font><br> 1) (sindu paaTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carouse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kummaaLam pooTu)</font> 7 intr <br> to be boisterous/riotous (esp. in groups): drink alcohol and enjoy o.s. with others in a noisy, lively way; drink and make merry, go on a drinking bout, go on a spree; revel, celebrate, roister; (in<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalluurile maaNavanga sani njaayirule taNNi aTiccukkiTTum sattam pooTTukkiTTum romba kummaaLam pooTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>College guys are famous for carousing and making a lot of noise on weekends.</font><br> 1) (kuTiyaaTTam aaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam sollu @Nc tr@)</font> 3 tr <br> nag, find fault with; criticize; scold, pick on, harp on at, be on s.o.'s back, henpeck, bully, upbraid, berate, find fault with, complain to, grumble to, grouse (about), niggle, nitpick, bitch, moan<br> ? !<br> <font size=+1>enne nii een eppoodum kuttam solre? enne nidaanamaa viTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you always carping and complaining? Leave me in peace!</font><br> 1) (eTakku peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkiTTu poo @(N tr)@)</font> 5 tr <br> carry a burden; transport s.t., take s.t. along<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda kozandeye naan idukku meele tuukkiTTu pooha muTiyaadu. avan romba periyavanaayTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't carry this kid any longer. He's become much too big.</font><br> 1) (eTuttu-kiTTu poo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukku)</font> 3 tr <br> lift, lift up, bear away<br> . .<br> <font size=+1>inda kanamaana pustahangaLe konjam tuukkeen. ennaale ideyellaam reNTee kaiyaale tuukkamuTiyaadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>Could you carry some of these heavy books? I can't carry all this with just two hands.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taangu)</font> 3 tr <br> bear; support the weight of; put up with<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>anda sinnavanaale ivvaTavu ganamaana poTTiye taangamuTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can such a little kid carry that heavy trunk?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(iTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> carry or bear a child on the hip<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ivvLavu sinna kozendeye nii een innum iTukkare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you still carrying such a big child?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(somandu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> carry away a burden on the head or shoulders<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava taleyle pazatte somandu poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She carried the (bunch of) fruit on her head.</font><br> 1) (soma) 7 tr<br> 2) (tuukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aLLikkiTTupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> sweep up and run away with; steal away; snatch up and make off with<br> <br> <font size=+1>piccekaaranga avan paakkaama kiize erinja paNatte appaTiyee aLLikkiTTupoonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Beggars swooped down and carried away the money he unknowingly dropped on the ground.</font><br> 1) (somandu-kiTTu poo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry (forward)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaale koNTupoo)</font> 3b tr <br> accomplish a task, make progress<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda niruvanatte mattavangaLooTa odaviyillaama munnaale koNTupoonadu nii daan</font><br> <font size=+1>The person responsible for single-handedly carrying this business forward is you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaipatti poo @(Nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> carry off; seize; kidnap; take hostage<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirkaccile irunda pattu peer neettu pradama mandiriye kaTatti kaipatti poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Ten people from the opposition party yesterday snuck in and carried off the prime minister.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarpu koNTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> have an amorous intrigue with; be in communication with; have a thing going; be an item with; be involved in hanky-panky with<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naTihan avaLooTa toTarpu koNTirukkaaNNu pattiriheyle ezudiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It says here in this magazine that this actor is carrying on with this actress.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarndu seyyi@(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> continue; stick with s.t., put up with s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda veeleye nii sahiccukkaama toTarndu senjaa, nalla palan keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you carry on doing this work without minding it too much, you'll benefit from it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> accomplish; make s.t. happen; get results<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavanga kaNTippaa nereveetta muTiyaaduNNu neneccade avan senju saadiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He carried out what other people had written off as impossible to accomplish.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry (refl.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> bear o.s. in a certain manner; behave in a certain way<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivan een ippuTi ahangaaramaa naTandukkaraaNNu puriyale.</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't understand why he carries himself so arrogantly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTupoo)</font> 3b tr <br> have with one; carry; carry along with o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppavum kayle onnooTa foone koNTupoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Always carry your (cell) phone with you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> discharge duty, responsibility; execute a task; accomplish, achieve, attain goals<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNiyaaLarunga tangaLooTa veelengaLe nereveetturadule romba gavanamaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The employees have to be very careful in carrying out the duties assigned to them.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry out/through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vellu)</font> 1 tr <br> win; overcome; subdue; conquer; carry the day; execute a task<br> ; .<br> <font size=+1>oru kaariyatte velluvadukku sandippu maTTum pattaadu. ozeppum veeNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>To carry something through, it's not enough just to think about it; you need to work hard at it, too</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaNTile eetti poo)</font> 3b intr <br> transport, convey in a cart; transport goods<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaykarikkaaran vaNTile nereya nalla pazangaLeyum kaaykarihaLeyum eettiTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The grocer carted lots of of nice vegetables and fruits around.</font><br> 1) (vaNTiyle eettiiTTupoo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cartoon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeliccittram vare)</font> 2b tr <br> draw as, or represent in a cartoon; caricature<br> <br> <font size=+1>keeliccittram vareyarudu romba kashTamaana veele</font><br> <font size=+1>Cartooning is hard work!</font><br> 1) (keeli paTam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sedukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cut; chisel; pare<br> <br> <font size=+1>sirpi kalle naaL muzukka sedukkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The sculptor carved the stone all day.</font><br> 1) (sedukki uruvaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (poLikottu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carve (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kohe tooNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a cave; hollow out a cave or den; dig out<br> <br> <font size=+1>singam tanakkaaha oru koheye tooNTi veccirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The lion had carved out a cave for itself</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carve out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTenju uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> carve, as a temple, by cutting and hewing; hew; shape by carving<br> <br> <font size=+1>mauNT rashmoor maleye koTenju oru romba periya sirpatte uruvaakkiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have carved a monumental statue out of Mt. Rushmore</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carve out (for o.s.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakkikkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> create for o.s. (fig.); establish o.s. as<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan veeleyle kaaTTina surusuruppunaaleyum aarvattunaaleyum avan tanakku oru nalla peer uruvaakkikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>By diligence and hard-work, he carved out an excellent reputation for himself</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sedukkiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be carved or sculptured, be graven or engraved<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kallare kallellaam paLingu kal veyaaparattule irunda ennooTa muppaaTTanaale sedukkiyirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tombstones were carved by my great-grandfather, who had a marble business</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cascade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aleyaleyaa vizu)</font> 2b intr <br> fall down in waves<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda muttu nahe ava kazuttule aleyaleyaa vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The pearl necklace cascaded around her neck in waves.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cascade (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niirviizcciyaa vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall down in huge waves, as a waterfall<br> <br> <font size=+1>naiyaagaraa oru romba periya oyarattuleendu niirviizcciyaa vizudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Niagara Falls cascades down from a very great height.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>case (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nooTTampaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> evaluate, examine; get the lay of the land; take note of; take the measure of; snoop around<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTanunga pahal neerattule appaTiyee vandu kaTengaLe nooTTam paakkradu uNTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The thieves come and case out the shops during the daytime</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNamaa maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> obtain cash from cheques, etc.; turn into cash<br> .<br> <font size=+1>nii vangikki pooyi inda kaasoolengaLe paNamaa maattikkiTTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Go to the bank and cash these checks.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cash in (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cash in on; turn to o's advantage; capitalize on; cash s.o. out; buy s.o.'s interest in a business<br> <br> <font size=+1>tozilaaLingaLooTa terameye modalaaLi nallaa payanpaTuttikkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss cashed in well on the skills of his workers</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> melt and pour metal into a mould<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTeyle avanga tangatte vaari kuTuppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In this place, they cast gold (in a mold) for you.</font><br> 1) (vaza vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaarppi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to cast metals; have s.t. cast in metal<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaNayanatte vaarpadu ennooTa veele</font><br> <font size=+1>My job is to have coins cast</font><br> 1) (vaza vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaatteTu)</font> 6 tr <br> mould into a shape<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uloohatte vaatteTukkradu romba kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's very difficult to cast this metal.</font><br> 1) (vaza vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaadaham kaNi)</font> 6b intr <br> construct a horoscope<br> j ?<br> <font size=+1>inda poNNukku een oruttanum innum jaadaham kaNikkale?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why hasn't anyone cast a horoscope for this girl yet?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> direct (an eye; glance or look); glance; give s.t. the once over; send or turn in a certain way<br> <br> <font size=+1>on kaNNe inda viTenga meele konjam ooTTippaareen</font><br> <font size=+1>Cast your eyes over these answers for me?</font><br> 1) (seluttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(vaarppaTam seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a casting; do the work of melting metal, pouring it into moulds, and creating metal objects<br> , <br> <font size=+1>coozarunga vengalattule nereya sirpangaLe vaarppaTam senji, anda kaleyile serandu irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Cholas cast many statues in bronze and were masters of the craft</font><br> 1) (vaza vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cast ( a vote)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakkaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> give o's vote to; mark the ballot for<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu inda graamattu makkaLunga pancaaya taleyvarungaLe vaakkaLiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday, the people of this village cast their vote for the Panchayat leaders.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cast (a net)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vale viri)</font> 6b intr <br> ensnare; set or lay a trap<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeTan tannooTa koNTikkaaha vale viriccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The hunter cast a net for his prey.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cast (a spell)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> deceive, charm, pull the wool over the eyes; delight, please, attract, win, win over, captivate, allure, lure, draw, fascinate, bewitch, beguile, enchant, enrapture, enamor, seduce, cajole, hypnotize<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru aaTTakkaari vaziyle ennooTa nanbane eemaatti avangiTTerunda kaacellaatteyum eTuttukiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>A dancing girl cast a spell over my friend and fleeced him of everything he had</font><br> (pasappu) 3 tr<br> 2) (mayakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cast (about)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> try various solutions; look in vain for; grasp at straws<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>naan naaL muzukka tolenju poona paNatte teeTineen; aanaa ade kaNTee puTikka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I cast about for the lost money all day but couldn't find it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cast (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eri)</font> 2b tr <br> throw (away); fling; reject; get rid of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nalla veele vaayppe tuukki eriyaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't cast away this good job opportunity.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cast (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTe uri)</font> 6b intr <br> shed skin (of snake)<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambu saTTe urikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Snakes cast off their skin [when they molt]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cast aspersions</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazi)</font> 6b tr <br> blame, ridicule; slander; express censure of; decry; disparage; speak disparagingly (of); cf. also belittle, denigrate, deprecate, play down, trivialize, make light of, undervalue, underrate; ridicule<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>ivan appaaviyaanavan; avan meele ippuTi pazi somakkradu sariyille</font><br> <font size=+1>He's an innocent man; it's not right to cast aspersions on him like this.</font><br> 1) (pazi tuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (avaduuru seyyi) 2b tr<br> 3) (nindi) 6b tr<br> 4) (tuuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>castigate (by hitting)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> correct by punishing/beating<br> <br> <font size=+1>mun kaalattule kozendengaLe aTiccu tiruttradu romba sahajam</font><br> <font size=+1>It was very common in earlier times to castigate children by hitting them.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>castrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vedeyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> emasculate (of animals); geld<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNme pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> emasculate (of men)<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela sanyaasinga tangaLLukku aaNme pooTu pooTTu kolluvaangaLaam</font><br> <font size=+1>There are some Sanyasis that have themselves castrated, it seems</font><br> 1) (aaNme pookku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cat and mouse, play (fig.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eli puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> search carefully, slowly; move steathily<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru periya kayitte vacci maaTTe piTikkrade viTTuTTu are maNi neeramaa summaa elipuTiccikkiTTirukkiingaLee</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of catching the cow with a long rope you have been playing cat and mouse with it for the past half an hour</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catalog</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTiyalle seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> enter into a catalogue<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda toheye paTTiyalle seeru</font><br> <font size=+1>Catalog this amount.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catapult</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTiirNNu periya aaLaa aavu)</font> 3b intr <br> become suddenly famous or important by virtue of circumstances<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naavale ezudina oTane tiTiirNNu periya aaLaa aayiTTaar avaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He was catapulted to fame after he wrote that novel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catcall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siizkkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> make catcalls; heckle; whistle (for approval or disapproval); boo, hiss, jeer, heckle<br> <br> <font size=+1>pasanga peN kalluurikki munnaale niNNu vandu poona poNNungaLeyellaam siizkkaTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Boys were hanging around the women's college and making catcalls at the women there.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccumuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (3 pn.) catch o's breath; gasp<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan romba duuram ooTinadunaale enakku muuccumuTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because I'd run such a long distance, I had to catch my breath</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> obtain, grasp; seize; get aboard; intercept and hold (a ball, etc.); hold<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>tiruTan ange ooTuraan paaru; avane puTi!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look, there's the thief running over there; catch him!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saLi puTiccukkoo)</font> 4 intr <br> (3rd pn.) catch cold, etc.; come down with an illness<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pani kaalattule saLi puTiccukkradu sahajam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is normal to catch a cold in the winter.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taavi puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> jump up and catch hold of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava pande taavi puTiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She leapt up and caught the ball.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catch 'verb'ing</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paattuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> catch s.o. in the act; discover, catch out<br> <br> <font size=+1>soomu peenaa tiruTinade naan paattuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I caught Somu stealing the pen</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catch (s.o.) out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTamizakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> discover a deception, ruse, untruth; uncover a plot<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediraaLiyooTa tiTTatte purinju avane aaTTamizakka seyveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will catch out the opponent's plan and defeat him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catch (up with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooyppuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch up with; pursue, track down, and catch<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTane pooy puTikkradu kaaval torayooTa kaTeme</font><br> <font size=+1>It is the duty of the police to go after thieves and catch them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catch (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTi puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> grasp, hug a person in o's arms; embrace<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa kozandeye kaTTi puTiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother caught up her daughter (and held her)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catch at/up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundu)</font> 3 tr <br> catch up with; overtake; come from behind<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nuuTraaNTukuLLe, indiyaavum, ciinaavum amerikaave mundipoovaangaNNu sela peeru solluvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It is predicted that within this century, India and China will catch up with and overtake the US economically.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catch fire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(patti koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of fire, firewood, a stove, a cigarette, etc.) ignite, start to burn; take fire, kindle; light<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda verahu innum pattikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>This piece of firewood hasn't caught fire yet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catch sight of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNule paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be seen, be perceived, be visible<br> <br> <font size=+1>puli veeTTakkaaran kaNNule paTTuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tiger was caught sight of by the hunter</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cater</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parimaru)</font> 3 tr <br> serve food to large numbers of people; lay on a huge feast<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNangaLle suvayaana sappaaTu parimaradu tamiz vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>Catering food in a grand manner at marriages is a Tamil custom</font><br> 1) (pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (virundu pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>caterwaul</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puunepoola aTiccukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> quarrel like cats, bluster, moan, bitch, complain; howl, wail, bawl, cry, yell, scream, screech, yowl, ululate<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu tambinga puunepoola aTiccukkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The two brothers quarreled and caterwauled</font><br> 1) (puune poola kriicciTu) 4 ta<br> 2) (puunepoola alaru) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>caught, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikku)</font> 3 intr <br> be seized or captured; be ensnared; be entangled, snagged, as an item of clothing on a nail<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>miinu valeyle sikkikiTTirundadu; veLiye varamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fish got caught in the net and couldn't get out</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (sikkikkoo) 4 intr<br> 2) (maaTTu) 3 tr<br> 3) (ahappaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTipaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be seized or captured; be trapped; catch on to s.t.; become comprehensible; come to know the knack of<br> <br> <font size=+1>puli piTipaTaNumNu selvi kaTavuLkiTTe veeNTikiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Selvi prayed to God that the tiger would be caught</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>caulk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTe aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> patch, fill up cracks, etc.; close holes, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuureyle ooTTe aTekkalleNNaa taNNii uLLe vanduTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The water will leak in if the roof is not caulked</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cause</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLevi)</font> 6 tr <br> be the reason for, produce, give rise to, bring about; effect; bring into existence; create; develop<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa nooyi avanooTa kuTumbattule soohatte veLeveccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His sickness caused sadness to his family.</font><br> 1) (eerpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (kaaraNamaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>caution</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eccari)</font> 6b tr <br> warn; urge to take heed; advise, counsel, urge, admonish. <br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri neerattule taniyaa suttaadeNNu naan avane eccaricceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I cautioned him not to roam around alone at night</font><br> 1) (munnarivippu seyyi ~(nb tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cautious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eccarikkeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full of caution or attention; be mindful, alert, careful<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda uurle tiruTTu adiham naTakkradaale eccarikkeyaa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Be cautious--a lot of theft happens in that city</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>caw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> cry as a crow; make noise; scream; croak; shriek, howl, shout, cry out, call out, yell, screech, yelp, squeal, wail, squawk, bawl;<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaakkaa kattavadum oru vidamaana isaidaaNNu solravanga irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>There are people who say that even the cawing of a crow is a kind of music</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (kare) 2b, 6b intr<br> 4) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to cease; put a stop to; get rid of; destroy; annihilate; deep-six<br> <br> <font size=+1>kettavazakkangaLe ozikka namma paaTupaTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should endeavour to cease doing bad things</font><br> 1) (ozinju poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (illaama poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cease (to exist)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(attuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become extinct or vanish; go out of circulation; cease to be; collapse, die<br> ~1 1~ <br> <font size=+1>@1LL1@-le sooviyaT yuunyan suruNTu vizundu attipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed and ceased to exist.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cede</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> agree; admit; acknowledge, accept, allow, grant, recognize, own, confess; agree. <br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaLooTa koorikkekki eNangi mudalvar maruteerdalle pooTTiyiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister ceded to the people's request and contested the reelections</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (oppukkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>celebrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> observe (a festival); praise, applaud; commemorate, honor, mark, keep, drink to, toast; keep, remember, memorialize; celebrate, <br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham navambar maasam aaraandeedi diibaavaLi paNTiheye koNTaaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>This year the Deepavali festival is to be celebrated on the 6th of November</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vizaa naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> perform a religious ceremony; commemorate; host a celebration<br> <br> <font size=+1>tayaarippaaLaru paTattooTa veTriye koNTaaTa vizaa naTattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The producer celebrated the success of his movie</font><br> 1) (poottu) 3 tr<br> 2) (vizaa eTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(serappi)</font> 6b tr <br> honor; praise; adorn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTiyarasu talaivar vizaavle pangeTuttu vizaave serappiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The President honored the function by attending it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>celebrate, with song</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaTi koNTaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> sing joyfully, sing chorally<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda aaNTooTe pongal samayattule naanga paaTi koNTaaTinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We celebrated this year's Pongal festival with songs.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cement</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(simeNT puusu)</font> 3 intr <br> coat with cement; glue s.t together; firm up relations between two parties<br> <br> <font size=+1>sovarle irukkra peLavuhaLe simeNT puusi aTekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The cracks in the wall need to be cemented</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>censor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNikke seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> act as censor; audit; remove offensive portions from a book, play, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>renTu maNi neera paTam taNikke senjadule oru maNi neera paTam aayiTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>The two-hour long movie became a one-hour movie after censoring</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>censure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTanam terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> scold; chide; formally reprove; express censure or dissaproval; disapprove; criticize, condemn, blame, castigate, denounce, disapprove of, berate, upbraid, reproach, rebuke, reprimand, reprehen<br> <br> <font size=+1>en eeLanamaana peeccukku en ammaa kaNTanam teriviccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother censured me for my derisive talk</font><br> 2) (kaNTi) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>center</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maiyatte kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> find out the center; balance s.t. on a central point<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaTTattooTa maiyatte kaNTupiTicci oru puLLi vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Find the center of this circle and place a dot there</font><br> 1) (maiyattule vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>centralize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mattiya aaTcikki uTpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring under the control of a central government, authority or power; gather or concentrate all power at the center<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTaozungu ciirkolenji poonadaale anda maanilatte mattiya aakshikki uTpaTuttiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the law and order situation had deteriorated, power in that state was centralized under the control of the central government</font><br> 1) (maiyamaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>certify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(attaaLci kuTu)</font> 6b tr <br> vouch for, provide with credentials; accredit<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivaru oru periya moziyiyal arinjaru appaTiNNu naan idu muulam attaaLci kuTukkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I hereby certify through this certificate that he is a very competent Linguistic scholar</font><br> 1) (sarTifay paNNu) 6 tr<br> 2) (urudiyaLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chafe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazuppaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> become sore (of skin); abrade, graze, rub against, gall, scrape, scratch<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalukku romba sinna seruppu pooTTadaale adu ennooTe kaale puNNaakki pazuppaTicciTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was wearing some very tight shoes that chafed against my heels and made them very sore.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sangiliyaale kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bind or fasten with a chain; fasten, secure, tie, bind, tether, shackle, fetter, manacle, hitch, moor, handcuff, confine, restrain, trammel, gird, imprison<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaye fensle sangiliyaale kaTTiyirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We chained the dog to the fence</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLeyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> bind with fetters or shackles; restrain; shackle, manacle, handcuff, clap in irons, put in chains, tie, tie up, hobble<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaidingaLe taLeyiTumbaTi raajaa uttaraviTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The king ordered the prisoners to be chained</font><br> 1) (sangiliyaale peNe, poNe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chair</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleme taangu)</font> 3 intr <br> act as a chairperson; preside over a meeting<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaadyaaru neettu kuuTTatte taleme taanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The professor chaired the meeting yesterday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chalk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suNNaambu tuuLaale kuriyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> mark with chalk; sketch in temporarily; lay out a general plan<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaNi aTikkaveeNTiye eTangaLe naan suNNaambu tuuLaale kuriyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I chalked out the places (on the wall) where we needed to insert nails</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chalk out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> sketch; plan<br> , <br> <font size=+1>pudu kaTTaTam kaTTa tiTTamiTTirukkoom, aanaa oNNum tiirmaanamaa muTivaale</font><br> <font size=+1>We chalked out some plans for the new building, but nothing's set in stone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chalk s.t. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> achieve s.t. to add to o's record; , attain s.t. more, accomplish, gain, earn, win, succeed in making, make, get, obtain, notch up, rack up<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona veleyaaTTule veRRi aTenji innoru veLeyaaTTuleyum veRRi aTenji marupaTiyum kuri pooTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has chalked up another success, right after winning the last tournament.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chalk, be like</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mohamveLu)</font> 6 intr <br> become pale (of face), with fear or illness<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayattule payyanooTa moham veLuttu pooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The boy's face turned chalk-white out of fear</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>challenge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(savaalviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> issue or offer a challenge; defy; stimulate<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe savaalviTTuTTeen, inimee pooTTile kalandukiTTee aahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I have challenged him, now I have to participate in the contest</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urimekkoral ezuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> raise a demand for s.t. due or rightful; call for help or restitution; call to a contest of skill, etc.; throw down the gauntlet; summon to prove or justify s.t.; dare, summon, invite, bid.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu naaLaa uumeyaa irunda eezenga iNNekki urimekkural ezuppa aarambicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The poor, who have been quiet all this time, have now challenged things by calling for their rights</font><br> 1) (arekuuvu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maruppu terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> express objection, denial or refutation<br> <br> <font size=+1>baadikkappaTTavangaLooTa kuttaccaaTTuhaLukku naan maruppu terivikka pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I challenge and deny the accusations made by the affected people</font><br> 1) (edirppu terivi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>champion</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaadaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> plead the cause of; defend, protect, uphold, support, stand up for, fight for, speak for, advocate, back, promote, espouse<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanavangaLooTa urimekki vaadaaTara nelame vanduTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The time is such that we even have to champion the cause of the aged</font><br> 1) (parinjukoNTuvaa) 2c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayppe payanpaTuttu)</font> make use of a chance or opportunity; go for s.t.; sieze the bull by the horns<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda ariya vaayppe payanpaTutti koLradu on kailedaan irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It is up to you to chance it (and make use of the opportunity)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayppu eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> occur by chance; meet by happenstance; happen<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan anda lifTle pooykkiTTirukrappa etirpaaraadavidamaa avungaLooTa peecce keekra vaayppu eeRpaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I chanced to overhear their conversation in the elevator</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chance upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappi tavari paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> come upon by accident; discover by accident; happen upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooNTi vekkappaTTa sorangatte naan tappi tavari paattuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I just happened to chance upon the tunnel they'd been digging</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>change</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> exchange; take another instead of; get rid of one thing for another; substitute one thing for another; convert, transform into; bring s.o. around (to a point of view); persuade, convince, win s.o. ov<br> <br> <font size=+1>caTTe enakku cinnadaa irundadaale kaTekki pooy maattiTTu vandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the shirt was too small for me, I went back to the shop and (ex)changed it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change places with; move or change from one house, room, etc., to another; adjust, shift<br> <br> <font size=+1>en haasTale oru varushamaanaa eTam maattam senjiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In my dorm, they change our rooms once a year</font><br> 1) (eTam maaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change clothes<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyilukku pooradukku munnaaTi oTeye maattikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Change your clothes before going to the temple</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(reyil maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change trains; transfer from one vehicle or form of transportation to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>madureyile reyil maatti naaLe kaalekuLLa tirunelveeli pooyseenduTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Change trains at Madurai and you can reach Tirunelveli by tomorrow morning</font><br> 1) (viTu-maaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(manam maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> have a change of heart; be changed in o's heart; become different, adjust, adapt, amend, modify, revise, refine; reshape, refashion, redesign, restyle, revamp, rework, remodel, reorganize, reorder;<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNamee veeNTaamNu sonna avan eppaTi diTiirNu manam maarinaan?</font><br> <font size=+1>How did he have such a sudden change of heart after saying earlier that he would never marry?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kai maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> change hands; pass to a different owner; take as a temporary loan, take as a loan 'out of pocket'<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu aTutta viiTTukkaarikiTTerundu kai maattuvaangina kaTan iNNekki tirumbi kuTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The loan that I borrowed out of pocket yesterday from the neighbor woman has to be repaid today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(tooLu maattikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> change the carrying shoulder; alternate from one shoulder to another; shift burden from one side to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>baaram adihamaa iruppadaale saamane tooL maattikkiTTu naTandu poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the burden is heavy, change the bag from one shoulder to the other and keep going</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(maaru)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> be altered, fade; be washed out; adapt, move into<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan poona vaaram vaangna saTTeyooTa kalaru ippa maaruduNNu teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know why the shirt I bought last week has changed color</font><br> 1) (maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(maattikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>Tress maattikiTTadukkappuram kalyaaNattukku poohapooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will go to the wedding after changing my clothes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(nele maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> become different in condition; become transformed, improved<br> <br> <font size=+1>pirpaTuttappaTTavangaLooTa nele maarinaadaan naaTu munneerum</font><br> <font size=+1>The country will progress only if the condition of the backward people changes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>change (o.s.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> adapt o.s. to, for; adjust o's position or outlook; undergo a transformation, conversion<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa arasiyal koLheye poona varusham maattikiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He changed his political ideology last year</font><br> 1) (urumaaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>change (of face)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> become livid with anger, dissappointment, etc. (of face); change the expression<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu pandu vaangiTTu varaleNNadum en payyan moham maariTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My son's face changed when I told him that I did not get him a new ball</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>change money</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sillare maattikkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> exchange money for smaller denomination; break a bill; get small change; exchange currency (from one country's currency to another's)<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii busle erradukku munnaale, modalle sillare maattikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Before boarding the bus, change your bills into coins first.</font><br> 1) (paNam maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>changed, (be)come</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirundu)</font> 3 intr <br> get transformed in o's ways; alter, make/become different, adjust, adapt, amend, modify, vary, transfigure, be corrected, be perfected<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan pazayae seedu ille, ippo tiruntiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is not the old Sethu, he has changed now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>changed, be, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> get deflected; get sent back; be diverted, waylaid<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>channel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring under strict control; manage carefully; alter, make/become different, adjust, adapt, amend, modify, revise, refine; reshape, refashion, redesign, restyle, revamp, rework, remodel, reorganize, re<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tenamum nii on neeratte neripaTuttinaa, ellaa veeleyeyum nii nallaa sammaaLikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you channel your time well every day, you can easily manage all your work</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalvaay veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> excavate a channel; communicate; build irrigation ditches, ducts<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kaalvaay veTTi kaaviri niire karnaaTahattilirundu tamiznaaTTukku koNTuvaramuTiyaada?</font><br> <font size=+1>Isn't it possible to dig a channel and bring Cauvery water from Karnataka to Tamilnadu?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oodu)</font> 3 tr <br> recite scriptures, mantras or prayers<br> <br> <font size=+1>saastiratte moreyaa kattukiTTaadaan mandirangaLe nallaa oodamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You can only chant the mantras well if you've learned the sastras formally</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTippu uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to crack, as the skin, due to cold, etc.; become raw, become sore, become inflamed, chafe, crack<br> <font size=+1>kuLir kaalattule kaattu en veralellaam veTippu uNTaakkiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the winter months the wind causes my fingers to get all chapped </font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTiccuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become chapped, dry, cracked<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTum kuLirnaale en tool veTiccuTuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>My skin became chapped because of the severe cold</font><br> 1) (veTi) 6b intr<br> 2) (veTiccu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chaperone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toNekki poo)</font> 3b intr <br> accompany; go with as chaperone; accompany, escort, attend, watch over, take care of, keep an eye on, protect, guard, safeguard<br> <br> <font size=+1>niyyum suttulaavukku kozandengaLooTa toNekki poo</font><br> <font size=+1>You go along to the fair, too, to chaperone the kids</font><br> 1) (kuuTa poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>char</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become burned, scorched; be singed, seared, blackened<br> <br> <font size=+1>sengal tiiyile karinjuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The brick got charred in the fire</font><br> 1) (kari) 2b intr<br> 2) (karuhu) 3 intr<br> 3) ~(1 )~ (tiinju pooha seyyi) 2b tr<br> 4) (kariyaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kariyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> burn to charcoal; scorch, singe, sear, blacken;<br> <br> <font size=+1>virahe ericcu kariyaakkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I charred the wood and made charcoal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>characterize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taniccirappaa ame)</font> 2b intr <br> be a characteristic of, be typical of; be known for a certain quality<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTTaTattooTa azahaana vaTivam idooTa taniccirappaa ameyum</font><br> <font size=+1>This building will be characterized by its uniquely beautiful shape</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>charge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattu ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> record as a debt in the accounts; arrange to pay at a later date; bill, invoice<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vaangura ellaa saamangaLum en peyarile pattu ezuduNNu naan kaTekkaarankiTTe sonneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I asked the shopkeeper to charge everything she bought to my account</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> give s.t. into a person's care; give as a task or responsibility; put a person in charge<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kozandeyooTa nalvaazve on kaiyile oppaTacciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have charged you with my child's welfare</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vele sollu @(Nc intr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> ask a price; sell at a price<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>iNNekki oru pavuNTu arisi enna vele solluvaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>What do they charge for a pound of rice nowadays?</font><br> 1) (kaTTaNam sollu @(Nc intr)@) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam saaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> accuse, blame, charge with a crime; indict for, arraign for, impeach for, summon with/for, cite for, inculpate for. make a charge against, accuse s.o. of a fault or crime <br> <br> <font size=+1>nii daan inda tiruTTe senje appaTiNNu un meele kuttam saaTTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I charge you with the crime of theft, declaring that you have indeed committed this crime.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(poruppu somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> ascribe responsibility to; load, lade, weight, charge, weigh down, encumber, hamper. <br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku terame irukkardunaale avan meele periya poruppe somattiyirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he has the capability, I have charged him with a huge responsibility</font><br> 1) (poruppu aakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (poruppu eettu) 3 tr<br> 3) (keTTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNe iTu)</font> 4 intr <br> give orders or instructions to<br> <br> <font size=+1>niidibadi aaNeyiTTaa ade aTipaNindee aahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to obey whatever the judge charges you with</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>charm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> win over, fascinate, spellbind; delight, please, attract, win, captivate, allure, lure, draw, bewitch, beguile, enchant, enrapture, enamor, seduce, cajole, hypnotize, mesmerize<br> <br> <font size=+1>Kalainjar kuuTTattule irunda ellaatteyum tanvasappaTuttunaaru appaTingradule yaarukkum sandeeham varale</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody had any doubt that Kalaignar Karunanidhi charmed everybody assembled in the meeting with his rhetoric</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pasappu)</font> 3 intr <br> deceive with charm; delight, please, attract, win, win over, captivate, allure, lure, draw, fascinate, bewitch, beguile, enchant, enrapture, enamor, seduce, cajole, hypnotize, mesmerize<br> <br> <font size=+1>pasappi peesi avan enne eemaattiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He deceived me with his charming blather</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mandrattaale mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cast a spell; captivate, allure, lure, draw, fascinate, bewitch, beguile, enchant, enrapture, enamor, seduce<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandirattaale mayakkuvadeviTa tandrattaale mayyakuvadu viveeham</font><br> <font size=+1>It is smarter to deceive somebody by tricks rather than charm them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> fascinate; allure; coax; bewitch, entrance; put s.o. under a spell<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTshitalaivaru tannooTa peeccinaale makkaLe mayyakiTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our party leader charms the people with his talk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaru)</font> 2 tr <br> attract; captivate<br> <br> <font size=+1>poTaveyooTa sehappu neram en manase kavandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The red color of the saree charmed me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>charmed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be fascinated, mesmerized; be confused or perplexed; be spell-bound or captivated<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaraa irundaalum avaLooTa azahe paattu mayangiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Anybody will be charmed by her beauty</font><br> 1) (vasamaahu) 3 intr<br> 2) (sokku) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>charred, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kariyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become charcoal; become burned up; partially burn so as to blacken the surface.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTeyile irunda pustahangaLellaam tiiyile kariyaahiviTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the books in the shop got charred by the fire</font><br> 1) (kari) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTam vare)</font> 2b tr <br> set a course after consulting maps, etc.; keep records of some activity<br> <br> <font size=+1>puduu naTepaade tiTTatte paTam varenju kaaTTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will chart the new sidewalk plan and show it (to you)</font><br> 1) (veLakkappaTam vare) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>charter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urime saasanam aLi)</font> 6b intr <br> give a deed of right to<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>aikkiya naaTuhaL ameppukku urime saasanam eppo aLikkappaTTuduNNu teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know when the United Nations was chartered?</font><br> 1) (saasanam paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hire, lease a vehicle for sole conveyance of s.o. or a group for a specific purpose; charter a bus, plane, boat, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>piknikkukku pooradukku oru basse naanga vaaTahekki puTiccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We chartered a bus to take us on the school picnic</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> pursue, send (persons) in a hurry or unceremoniously; run after s.o. in order to apprehend or do harm; follow; follow, give chase to, hunt, stalk, track, trail<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan neettu viiTTukku porappaTum poodu oru naay enne torattinadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday when I was leaving for home, a dog chased me.</font><br> 1) (pin toTar) 2 tr<br> 2) (torattiyooTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chase (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adaTTi torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> scare, frighten, drive away; drive away; force to move before one; move or advance rapidly;<br> <br> <font size=+1>poNNu paakka varravangaLe ava eenoo adaTTi toratteviTTuTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She, for some reason, tends to intimidate and chase off prospective suitors</font><br> 1) (ooTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chastened, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vekkamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be contrite, be submissive after wrongdoing<br> <br> <font size=+1>kirikkeT aaTTattule indiyaa toottade neneccaa enakku vekkamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I am chastened by India's loss in the cricket match</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> talk about all and sundry; cover the waterfront; talk in a friendly and informal way; have a chat with, talk, gossip, conversation, chatter, have a heart-to-heart talk, have a tte--tte; pass the ti<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTippe patti peesaama summaa peesikiTTirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are just chatting, not discussing our studies</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vambaLa)</font> 7 intr <br> talk easily; gossip<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga summaa avankiTTe vambu aLandukiTTirundoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We were just chatting with him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(araTTe aTi)</font> 6b trA <br> talk familiarily and pleasantly; talk, gossip, chatter, have a conversation, converse, prattle, jabber, prate;<br> <br> <font size=+1>araTTe aTikkraduNNaa avanukku romba ishTam</font><br> <font size=+1>He loves to chat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chatter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of birds and animals; also certain kinds of machinery, guns, etc.) make inarticulate, repetitive sounds<br> ' ' <br> <font size=+1>kaakkaa 'kaa kaa'NNu kattikkiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>When crows chatter, they go 'caw caw'</font><br> 1) (odaru) 3 intr<br> 2) (sattam paNNu) 3 tr<br> 3) (sattam paNNu) 3 tr<br> 5) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(salasalaNNu peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> speak foolishly and continuously; prattle, babble<br> <br> <font size=+1>summaa salasalaNNu peesikiTTurukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We were just chattering and babbling</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pedattu)</font> 3 intr <br> babble; speak foolishly<br> <br> <font size=+1>boode mayakkattule avan edoo pedattarude kaNTukkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Ignore his drunken chattering</font><br> 1) (oLaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> tremble, as the teeth, with cold, fear, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLirnaale en pallu naTunga aarambiccuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My teeth started chattering because of the cold</font><br> 1) (peNaattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cheap(er), be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vele kore)</font> 2b intr <br> become low, cheaper in price<br> <br> <font size=+1>diibaavaLi taLLubaTi irukkradunaale vele koreyumNu nenekreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think the prices will get cheaper because of the Deepavali discount</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cheap, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mali)</font> 2b intr <br> be inexpensive; be plentifully available<br> <br> <font size=+1>malivaa keTeccadunaale inda naarkaaliye vaangiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I bought this chair because I was able to get it cheap</font><br> 1) (nayamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(madippu eza)</font> 7 intr <br> become lowered in value; become less in value<br> <br> <font size=+1>tangaccangili teenju poonadunaale konjam madippu ezanduTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the gold chain had gotten worn, it became a bit cheaper</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cheat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosam paNNu @(N tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> deceive, trick, dupe; bilk; gyp, rip off; swindle; bluff, hoodwink, double-cross, gull; exploit, take advantage of, victimize; (inf.) con, bamboozle, finagle, bilk; rip off, fleece, take for a ride;<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe kuuTTaaLi enakku eppavum moosam paNNamaaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend would never cheat me</font><br> 1) (eeyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (eemaattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappi aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cheat on exam by copying from s.o. else's paper; act dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an advantage; deprive of s.t. by deceitful or unfair means<br> <br> <font size=+1>teervule kaappi aTiccu maaTTikkiTTa anubavam enakku nereye irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There were many times when I cheated in the exam and got caught</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cheated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or feel cheated, disappointed, deceived<br> . <br> <font size=+1>tiruvizaavule kalandukka reNTu maNi neeramaa kaattukkiTTirundoom. kaTesiyile uLLe poohamuTiyaama eemaandupoonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We waited in line two hours to get into the concert, and when we didn't, we felt cheated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>check</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakku paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> audit accounts, look into accounts; verify or examine the accuracy, quality, or condition of; make sure; verify; establish to o s satisfaction<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaNakk-ellaam paattaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Those accounts have all been checked.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prevent; restrain; obstruct; impede; warn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vele uyarve taTutti nirutta pudu tiTTam avasiyam</font><br> <font size=+1>A new plan is needed to check inflation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mari)</font> 6b tr <br> block a person's way; cut in (sports)<br> <br> <font size=+1>en vaziye yaarum marikkaadiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>Let nobody check me going in my path</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> corner or confute; subdue; block; render ineffectual; catch up on a person on the run;<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaiccar edirkaTci talevare maTakka sela kurippu vaccirundaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The leader managed to check the leader of the opposition party by making a few well placed points.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of fabrics) print or weave checks; draw checked designs<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTam pooTTe satteNNaa en purushaNukku romba piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>My husband likes checked shirts a lot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>check (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sari paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> verify; test the accuracy of; cross-check;<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaNTiye saripaakka nereye selavaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will cost a lot to check out this vehicle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>checked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTepaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be impeded or stopped; be blocked, stymied, hindered, obstructed<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa moyarccinga ellaamee taTepaTTukiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>All her efforts are being checked</font><br> 1) (taTangal aahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cheer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarppari)</font> 6b intr <br> raise shouts of triumph and cheer; shout in praise, joy, or encouragement; praise or encourage with shouts; hail, acclaim, hurrah, hurray, applaud, shout at, clap for<br> j <br> <font size=+1>olahak kooppeye jeyiccappa jermaniyile ellaarum aaTikkiTTum paaTikkiTTum aarppariccikkiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody was cheering in Germany when they won the World Cup</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cheer (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mahizcci uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> inspire or encourage with cheer; make happy; gladden; inject some life into s.o. or s.t., stimulate; tickle s.o. pink<br> <br> <font size=+1>kirikkeT aniyooTa munneerram engaLukku magizcci uuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cricket team's progress cheered us up a lot</font><br> 1) (urcaaham uuTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (urcaaham uuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cheerful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham malar)</font> 6 intr <br> be happy; be of good cheer; be filled with cheer or mirth; be jolly; be effervescent<br> <br> <font size=+1>bommeye paatta oTane kozandeyooTa moham malandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The baby's face became cheerful when it saw the doll</font><br> 1) (gushiyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cherish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pootti vaLar)</font> 6 tr <br> bring up tenderly; care for dearly; remember fondly<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizooTe puhaze pootti vaLakkradu ovvoru tamizanooTa kaTameNNu peerasiriyar connaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The professor said that it was the duty of every Tamilian to cherish and nourish the Tamil language</font><br> 1) (poottu) 3 tr<br> 3) (nenevule poottu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mellu)</font> 5 tr <br> chew food to give to a child<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozendengaLukku pallu moLekkaadappa sela ammaa saappaaTTe mennu avungaLukku koTuppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When babies still don't have any teeth, in some places they chew the food for them and then feed it to them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meNNu tinnu)</font> 1 tr <br> chew before swallowing; chew or masticate completely; bite and work (food) in the mouth to make it easier to swallow; crush or indent with the teeth; munch, champ, crunch, bite, gnaw, grind<br> j <br> <font size=+1>nallaa meNNu tinnaadaan saappaaTu muzumeyaa jiiraNamaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>Food will be digested completely only if you chew it well before swallowing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chew (cud)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asepooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> chew the cud; munch; deliberate<br> <br> <font size=+1>konja neeram pul meenjapparam pasuvellaam ade taaTeyilirundu eTuttu ase pooTTu saappiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>After cows have grazed for a while, they stop and chew their cuds</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kodappu)</font> 3 tr <br> chew, as tobacco or betel<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naadasvara vidvaan eppovum vettale kodappikkiTTeedaan peesuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That nadaswaram player always chews betel leaves as he talks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mellu)</font> 3 tr <br> crush (food, betal nut, bubblegum, etc.) between the teeth while eating<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande maattireye meNNu saappiTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The child chewed the pill and swallowed it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chew s.o. out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> scold, abuse, curse, berate; angrily remonstrate with or rebuke; chastise, bawl out; give s.o. a hard time; (inf.) smoke s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppapaattaalum yaareyum tiTTukiTTee irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Every time you see him he's chewing somebody out for something</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>choke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tenara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> overwhelm; choke or stifle; boggle the mind; astound; prevent from breathing by constricting or obstructing the throat or depriving of air<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda ruumle irunda poheyum neruppum enne tenara senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fire and smoke in that room made me choke</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chomp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(norunga mellu)</font> 5 tr <br> munch or chew noisily or vigorously; crunch<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudire tiiniye norunga meNNucci</font><br> <font size=+1>The horse chomped away at his feed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chomp (at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pallek kaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> be impatient to begin s.t.; chomp at (the bit); be raring to go<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ennaale avane innum puTiccikkiTTirukka muTiyale. avan palle kaTiccikkiTTu enkiTTeerundu ooTa moyarci senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't restrain him any more; he's chomping at the bit to get going</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>choose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porukki eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pick out; select; cull<br> <br> <font size=+1>unakku piTicca poruLhaLe porukki eTuttukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Choose the things you like</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teendeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> select<br> <br> <font size=+1>nuuru pasangaLLa naan modalaavadaa teendeTukkapaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was chosen the first out of 100 students</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut up, as meat; chisel<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooTTakkaaran maamaratte kottiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The gardener chopped up the mango tree.</font><br> 1) (tuNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>chop (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNi)</font> 6b tr <br> cut asunder; cut into pieces<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clarify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> expand upon, amplify, explain in detail, expatiate<br> <br> <font size=+1>neetteya podukkuuTTattule anda kacciyooTa koLheye romba serappaa eTuttu sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The speakers clarified the principles of their party in yesterday's public meeting</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mooda)</font> 3 tr <br> dash against, attack, collide, come up against; be in disagreement<br> . <br> <font size=+1>teeve illaame anda reNTu kuzukkaLum moodaraanga. enna naTakkumoo teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>As the two groups are clashing with each other without provocation, I don't know what to predict</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cleanse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuyme paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> refine, as metal, style, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>manase tuuyme paTutta naan denam kooyilukku pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I go to the temple everyday to cleanse my mind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clear up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tii(r)ttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> repay, pay down (as a debt); reduce to nothing, diminish<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa ellaa kaTaneyum aTutta maasattukkuLLe tiittuTa sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Father told us to clear up all our debts by next month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clear, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be firm and unwavering about a decision<br> <br> <font size=+1>muTiveTuttadukkapuram adule teLivaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should be clear about a decision, once you take it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be comprehensible; be easily understood<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippa enakku ellaam veLangudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Now, everything is crystal clear</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clear, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLi)</font> 2b intr <br> be or become clarified or limpid, as water, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>koLattule taNNii teLivaayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water in the pond has become clear.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>climb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> mount, climb, scale, go up, board, get into (a vehicle)<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazani malemeele eeri muruhane kumbuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I climbed the Palani Hills and did puja to Lord Murugan</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meeleeru)</font> 3 intr <br> rise above; ascend; mount s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii anda periya male meele eeraade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't climb up that big hill</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meeleepoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go up(wards), move further up(wards); ascend; rise (up); mount, scale, conquer<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii innum anda male uccimeele eerippoonaadaan onakku anda eTam nallaa teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You can see that place only if you climb to the peak of the mountain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(male eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> ascend, mount, go up, walk up, or rise to an elevated location<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda eTTu maaTi kaTTiTattule minduukki illaama kiiz maaTileerundu eTTaavadu maaTikki denamum maleyeeraveeNTiyadaayirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Since there's no elevator in this eight-storey building, I have to climb to the eighth floor from the bottom floor everyday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cling</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kottaa eNe)</font> 2b intr <br> come or stick together in a bunch; stick, adhere, hold, grip, clasp, clutch<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaaleejule ellaa veLinaaTTukkaarangaLum oru kottaa eNenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In this college, all the international students cling together as a group.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>close in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavi)</font> 2b intr <br> bend in or over (as sky, cloud, branches); cover, obscure<br> <br> <font size=+1>meehamellaam maldyooTa ucciye kaviccikiTTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The clouds have closed in on the peak of the mountain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>close to, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNuhavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> bring near to or close to; approach; come near,<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda paNiye seyra aaLu romba keTTavaru. adanaale avare onga pakkattule aNuhavekka veeNTaam appaTiiNNu keeTTukreen</font><br> <font size=+1>That worker is a bad apple, so I'm wondering if it's better that you not allow him to get too close to you</font><br> 1) (nerungu) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>close, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungu)</font> 3 intr <br> come near, draw near, approach; hang out together; be thick as thieves; reach, arrive at,<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>anda poNNum payyanum samiiba kaalamaa nerungi pazaharaanga appaTiingradu ongaLukku teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know anything about the fact that that girl and that boy are very close lately?</font><br> 1) (seeru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukkamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be crowded; be packed closely together; be congested, be dense; be cheek by jowl<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTanga ellaam romba nerukkamaa irukku konjam taLLi maaTTi veccaa nallaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The pictures are all very close to each other, it would be good if you put some distance between them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>closed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be covered up; be locked up; be not open or allowing access; be not open to all; be inaccessible; be shut; be closed or shut up; be concealed, be not open for business<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNikaTe muuTi irundadunaale ennaale saTTe vaangivara muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the cloth shop was closed, I couldn't buy a shirt</font><br> 1) (muuTiyiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> be contracted, as the petals of a flower; be drawn together<br> <br> <font size=+1>teeni teene kuTicciTTirundaboodu puu kuumbiTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flower closed when the bee was drinking the nectar</font><br> 1) (kumi) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> coagulate, as blood; set, congeal, jell, thicken, cake, curdle<br> <br> <font size=+1>balatte aTipaTTadule rattam kaTTiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The blood clotted because of the strong impact</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cloudy, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karu)</font> 6 intr <br> become dark, clouded over (as sky with clouds); darken (as face, with anger, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze varattukku munnaale meeham karukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Before it rains, the sky gets cloudy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cloy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> become distasteful through excess; be too rich, sweet, pungent<br> <br> <font size=+1>paayasam romba inippaa irundadaale tehaTTiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The pudding was so sweet it was cloying</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tehaTTa seyyi @ (nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make unpalatable through excessive sweetening, richness, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tehaTTa seyyare aLavukku sakkaraye pooTTuTTiyee</font><br> <font size=+1>You have added so much sugar it's now cloyingly sweet</font><br> 1) (teviTTu) 3 intr<br> 2) (paahaa ini) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cloying, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paahaa ini)</font> be excessively sweet; disgust or sicken with an excess of sweetness, richness, or sentiment.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ava neettu enne paattu een paahaa iniccaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why was she so sickeningly sweet to me yesterday?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>club</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTiyaale aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat with a club; hit, strike, batter, thump, bang, hammer, punch, knock, thrash, pound, pummel, slap, rain blows on; assault, attack, cudgel<br> <br> <font size=+1>taTiyaale aTiccu tiruTangaLe naan veraTTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I attacked the thieves with a club and chased them away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cluck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kokkari)</font> 6b intr <br> cry as a hen; crow as a cock; speak defiantly or triumphantly; speak dissapprovingly, wag the tongue<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuriyan udiccavodane koozi kokkariccirum</font><br> <font size=+1>The hen will start clucking as soon as the sun rises</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 3 tr<br> 4) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clue (s.o. in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTeyam kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> point out a clue; offer a hint, hint at, reveal some details<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avarukku ade patti oNNum puriyalle, adanaale naan avarukku taTeyam kaaTTuneen</font><br> <font size=+1>He didn't understand the situation, so I clued him in.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clump</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuviccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> gather into a mass or clump; pile everything together in a shapeless mass<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuppeye oru eTattule kuviccu vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Clump all the trash together in one place</font><br> 1) (kuviyal pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(gumbalaa vaLaru)</font> 2 intr <br> grow in clumps, as trees, bushes, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vahayaane maranga eppavum gumbalaa vaLarum</font><br> <font size=+1>These kind of trees always clump together in their growth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cluster</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kottaa vaLaru)</font> 6 intr <br> grow into a clump or cluster, as bushes, flowers, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sile puunga kottaa vaLarum</font><br> <font size=+1>Some flowers cluster together</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cluster (together)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> gather in groups, clusters, in bundles or in large numbers<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooTTihaLLe pangeerka podumakkaL teraNTu vandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The public clustered together to participate in the competitions</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clutch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTippiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> seize or grab eagerly, suddenly or desperately; grasp at straws<br> <br> <font size=+1>avunga saappaaTTe viniyoohiccappa eeze makkaL saappaaTTup paiye eTTip puTikka muyarci senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When they began to distribute the food, the poor people clutched at the bags in desperation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clutter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuppe aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> litter with things; make untidy; make messy, disorderly or unruly; fill with useless objects<br> <br> <font size=+1>podu eTangaLe namma viiTaa nenecci kuppe aakkaame irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should treat public places as our homes and should not litter them and clutter them up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cluttered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraa keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> be strewn about or littered<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan viTTle ella saamangaLum taarumaaraa keTekkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His room is cluttered with his junk</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>co-operate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottuze)</font> 6 intr <br> work or act together for a common purpose; assist<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ottuzeccaa niccayam nammaale jeyikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you cooperate, we can definitely win</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>co-opt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruppinaraa seettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> add members to a committee by common consent, or because of some special skill or experience<br> <br> <font size=+1>seeharukku sangiidattule njaanam irukkradunaale avane sangattule uruppinaraa seettukkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They co-opted Sekar as a committee member because of his knowledge of music</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>co-ordinate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottuze)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.o. or s.t. to act harmoniously or in proper relationship or order; place in the same order, rank, class, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vishayamellaam nallaa ameya ideyellaam ottuzaikka vaikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to do a better job of coordinating all these things</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payirci kuTu)</font> 6b tr <br> train, as for a game; instruct, teach, tutor, drill, put s.o. through their paces; give advice on how to act <br> <br> <font size=+1>tiivira payirci kuTukka oru nalla payircciyaaLare neyamikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to appoint a good trainer who can coach (the players) well</font><br> 1) (pazakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (solli kuTu) 6 tr<br> 3) (kattukuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: coagulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tova)</font> 7 intr <br> (of a fluid, especially blood) change to a solid or semi-solid state; congeal, clot, thicken, gel; solidify, harden, set, dry; curdle.<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When you make yogurt, the milk solids coagulate or congeal after just a few hours.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooy)</font> 2b intr <br> curdle, as milk; thicken; congeal, set (as yogurt)<br> <font size=+1>His blood wasn't coagulating properly so they gave him something to make it clot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: coal (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kariyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> burn to coal or charcoal; stoke a furnace, engine, etc. with coal<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When it gets cold, coal up the furnace and get some heat in here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coalesce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> form into a mass; gather together; clump or adhere together; merge, unite, join together, combine, fuse, mingle, blend; amalgamate, consolidate, integrate, homogenize, converge; come together into a g<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kuzu iyarkaiyaa avangaLooTa ottuppoona eNNattaale teraNTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>This group sort of coalesced by some natural process, because of their common beliefs</font><br> 1) (kuzuvaa uruvaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veele seyyaama suttikkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> move or work without much effort; move with accumulated inertia but no additional effort; roll downhill; freewheel, cruise, taxi, drift, glide, sail. <br> . <br> <font size=+1>summaa veele seyyaama suttikkiTTirundaanga. edeyum saadikradaa teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>They were just coasting along, making no effort to accomplish anything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> cover s.t. with a coating of, as paint, plaster, etc.; smear<br> <br> <font size=+1>suvare balapaTutte simeNTe puusu</font><br> <font size=+1>Coat the wall with cement to strengthen it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coax</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nayandu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> cajole; flatter; speak persuasively; persuade, wheedle, get round; beguile, seduce, inveigle, manoeuvre; talk into, flatter, entice, induce, persuade, prevail upon, win over; (inf.) sweet-talk, s<br> <br> <font size=+1>nayandu peesi avane inda veelekki oppukoLLavecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I had to coax him and beg him to take this job</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> charm; allure; fascinate; wheedle<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeccaale enne mayakki eemaattiTalaamNu nenakkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't think you can trick me with your coaxing and wheedling</font><br> 1) (mayanga vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (iccaham peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cobble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seruppu tayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> mend or make chappals, shoes<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inde viidiyile seruppu tekkaravan irukkaanaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is there a cobbler on this road?</font><br> 1) (pazudu paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cobble (up/together)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTuppooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> mend; patch, fix; whip up; put together a loose patchwork of s.t.; assemble bits and pieces of things into a temporary plan; assemble s.t. quickly on spur of the moment<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu talaivarhaLooTa moyarciyaale oru vaziyaa adeyum ideyum oTTup pooTTu oru pudu tiTTatte koNTu vara varekkum maruttuva vasadi tiTTam keTappule keTandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The health care reform plan was almost dead until the two leaders managed to cobble together a workable plan.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orupakkamaa saayi)</font> 6b tr <br> turn or set to one side, as the head<br> <br> <font size=+1>reeTiyoove orupakkamaa saayccaadaan nallaa keekkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can hear the radio clearly only when I cock it to one side</font><br> 1) (tale saayccu paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> treat tenderly; pamper; protect s.o. from the hardships of the world; wait on s.o. hand and foot<br> !<br> <font size=+1>konjam eTam kuTuttaa talekki meele eeri okkandukkriyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>If I coddle you even a little bit, you take advantage of me!</font><br> 1) (sellam kuTuttu vaLaru) 6 tr<br> 2) (sellam kuTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTanguTuttu vaLaru)</font> 6 tr <br> bring up tenderly or indulgently; pamper, spoil<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane romba eTanguTuttu vaLarttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was coddled and pampered too much when he was being raised</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>code</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sangeedattule ame)</font> 6b tr <br> encode; arrange in a code<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTRanga tangaLooTe seediye parimaarikrappa yaarukkum puriyaama sangeedattule ameppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When spies send messages, they usually code them so people can't understand them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>codify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tohu)</font> 6 tr <br> arrange in a systematic manner; collect into a system; systematize, organize; anthologize<br> <br> <font size=+1>baaratiyooTa kavidengaLe tohuttu vazangalaamNu irukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are planning to codify Bharati's poems and bring them out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(more paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> arrange in a systematic manner; reduce to a code<br> <br> <font size=+1>hammurabi baabiloon saTTatte moreppaTuttradule puhazpeTRavar</font><br> <font size=+1>Hammurabi is famous for codifying the laws of Babylon</font><br> 1) (tohuttame) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coerce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaaya paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> compel; force; pressure, intimidate, press, push, constrain; oblige, browbeat, bludgeon, bully, threaten, intimidate, dragoon, twist s.o.'s arm;<br> <br> <font size=+1>saappiTa piTikkaleNNaa enne kaTTaaya paTuttaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Do't coerce me into eating when I don't feel like it</font><br> 1) (accuruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coexist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seendiru)</font> 7 intr <br> exist together; get along at least minimally<br> ...<br> <font size=+1>naanum ennooTa freNTum oree viiTTile seendirukkoom, aanaa summaa eppaTiyoo seendirukkiTTirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend and I live together in the same house, but we're just barely coexisting</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cogitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sindane seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> think; ponder; meditate; think deep thoughts; ruminate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ede patti sindane senjiTTirukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you cogitating about?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cohabit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTa peze)</font> 6b intr <br> live as husband or wife with<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereye naaL kuuTappezeccum avanga kalyaaNam senjukkale</font><br> <font size=+1>Though they cohabited for a long time, they never got married</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~(w. . b .)~ </B> <font size=+1>(@(w.soc.abl.)@ ottup poo)</font> 3b intr <br> coexist; get or go along with, as an ideology, life style, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>palavida manattaangaLukku eTeyilum rashiyaavum meele naaTellaamum oruvarooTa oruvar ottup pooha muyarci senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During the Cold War, the USSR and the west tried to cohabit peacefully.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cohere</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> join together; stick together, hold together; unite<br> <br> <font size=+1>taniyaa seyalpaTrade viTa oNNupaTTu seyalpaTTaa palan adiham</font><br> <font size=+1>You get more results if you work together and produce a plan that coheres, rather than working alone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coiffe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi azahu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> arrange or dress the hair<br> <br> <font size=+1>muTiy azahu senjadunaale ave innum azahaa teriyuraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She always looks beautifully coiffed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu)</font> 3 tr <br> gather or wind in circles, rings or loops<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kayatte sutti veeTikke kaaTTa onakku teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know to coil the rope and do tricks with it?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coil (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruNTukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> coil up, as a reptile; lie curled or doubled up, as a person, a hose<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayattule paambu oru oorattule suruNTundiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The snake coiled itself up in a corner, out of fear</font><br> 1) (curuLu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coiled (up), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neLinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bent, twisted, or wound; spiral, loop, curl, entwine, snake, wreathe, convolute.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paatta paambu neLinjirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The snake I saw was all coiled up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaartte uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make a new phrase or locution; issue coins, as a government<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar inda toreyile nereye kaNTupuTippe kaNTupuTiccadooTu illaama neReye pudu vaartteyeyum uruvaakkinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He not only did original work in the area, he actually coined a lot of the terminology</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coincide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oree samayattule neeriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> correspond exactly in time and place; happen at the same time<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>buuhambamum poyalum oree samayattule neeriTa vaayppu irukka?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is there a possibility of an earthquake coinciding with a storm?</font><br> 1) (sariyaa ottiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tarceyalaa neeriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> happen accidently; be coincidental<br> <br> <font size=+1>ande vibariidam tarceyalaa neeriTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>That misfortune coincided with another accident</font><br> 1) (porundi-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cold, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siliru)</font> 6 intr <br> bristle with cold; shiver with cold<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLirle en toolmuTi silirttuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hair on my skin bristled with cold</font><br> 1) (jill-NNu iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLir)</font> 2 intr <br> be chilly; be cool, icy, crisp, brisk, fresh, raw, sharp, biting, penetrating, freezing, frigid, chill; be nippy.<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki raattri romba kuLiraa irukkumNu vaaNile arikke teriviccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The weather forecast has predicted that tonight will be very cold</font><br> 1) (jilliTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cold, catch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saLipiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> catch a cold<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLirkaalam aaramiccavoTane engapaavukku saLipiTiccuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>My father gets a cold as soon as winter starts</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cold, get, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vere)</font> 6b intr <br> become stiff with cold<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiyuraye toleccadaale en veralellaam verecciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My fingers got stiff from the cold because I lost my gloves</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cold, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLaavu)</font> 3 tr <br> cool (hot water) by adding cold water<br> <br> <font size=+1>venniire veLaaviviTTu kuLi illeNNaa suTTuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Cool the hot water by adding cold water, otherwise you'll get scalded</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>collaborate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTanoze)</font> 6b (in)tr <br> work jointly with another or others on an activity, esp. to produce or create s.t.; join forces, team up, band together, work together, participate, combine, ally; pool resources, club together<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya peeru inda aharaadi seyya, oTanozenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people collaborated to create this dictionary</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) (~ ~) </B> <font size=+1>((@NP-@)ooTu seendu eyattu)</font> 3 tr <br> work with another, as a coauthor<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamaayanatte vaalmiikiyooTu seendu eyattiyadu yaaruNNu vaadyaaru keeLvi keeTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>'Who collaborated with Valimiki in writing the Ramayana?', asked the teacher</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ediriyooTe kuuTTuseeru)</font> 2 intr <br> cooperate traitorously with an enemy or occupying army<br> <br> <font size=+1>toolvi niccayaamana oTane mandiri ediriyooTa kuuTTuseendukkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Once defeat was certain, the minister started collaborating with the enemy</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>collapse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarinju vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> roll or slide down; slip down<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelasarivunaale paarellaam kiize sarinju vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of the landslide, a lot of rocks collapsed and fell down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suruNTu vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> break down under the strain of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anju naaLaa saappuTaada avan neettu suruNTu vizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Having not eaten anything for five days, he collapsed yesterday.</font><br> 1) (tovaLu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toonjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become slack, weak, or supple; sag; bend through weakness (as of a ceiling, etc.); cave in, fall in, subside, fall down, give (way), crumple, slump<br> <br> <font size=+1>soomaaleyaa naaTTule jananga pasiyaa irundadaale toonju poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During the famine in Somalia some people got so weak they just collapsed from hunger</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(iTinjuvizi)</font> 2b intr <br> fall or cave in, as the roof<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTumayaana mazeyle kuure iTinjuvizunduTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The roof collapsed due to heavy rains</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(miri)</font> 2b intr <br> break down; snap; as government; have a nervous breakdown; experience physical and mental collapse; fall or cave in; slip down<br> ~1 1~ <br> <font size=+1>sooviyaT yuunyan @1LL1-@le mirinjiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991</font><br> 1) (vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 2b intr <br> lean, fall, bend over, keel over; crash; fall down, as a tree; cf. also smash, batter, dash, shatter, break, disintegrate, shiver, splinter, fracture, fragment.<br> d <br> <font size=+1>raattiri pattu maNikki naan kaTusiyle paTukkeyle saanjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>At 10:00 at night, I finally collapsed in bed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(iTinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> lose self control; fall apart; become desperate; be besides o.s.; fall unconscious; faint, swoon<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamaa settu poona seydiye keeTTu paartiban iTinjupooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Parthiban collapsed on hearing the news of his uncle's death</font><br> 1) (murinju poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (mayangivizu) 2b intr<br> 3) (iTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>collar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hold s.o. in conversation against h. will; corner, pin down, button-hole<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTangaaranga enne piTicikiTTaa viTamaaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If the money lenders manage to collar me, they won't let me go</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>collate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottiTTu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> compare; check; verify; compare and analyse (two or more sources of information); verify the order of (sheets of a book) by their signatures<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa badileyum sariyaa irukkaaNNu ottiTTu paakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to collate the answers to make sure they all tally</font><br> 1) (pakkavaariyaa seeru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkavaariyaa aTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> arrange according to pages<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda pustahatte pakkavaariyaa aTukkradukku evvaLavu neeramaahum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How much time will it take to collate the pages of this book?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: collate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pradipeedam paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> compare texts<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's collate the two and establish a concordance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>collect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> assemble as facts, data; anthologize; bring together into a coherent whole<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa aaraayccikkaaha pala uurungaLukkum pooyi tahavalungaLe seetteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I visited many places in this area in order to collect data for my research</font><br> 1) (seeru) 2 intr<br> 2) (kala) 7 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam seettu)</font> 3 tr <br> amass funds, raise money<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu podu kalyaaNa maNTabattukku naanum ennaale muTinja vaheyle konjam paNam seettu kuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I did my part by collecting a bit of money in order to build a public marriage hall in our town</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring or get s.o. together; compound; mingle; gather up<br> <br> <font size=+1>on aNNan tambihaLeyum kuuTTikiTTu kalyaaNattukku vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Collect your brothers and come to the wedding</font><br> 1) (seeru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> assemble, as a crowd; accumulate, as wealth; associate with<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTi vaazndaa kooTi nanmaiNNu periyavanga solvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Older people say that living well is as good as wealth(?)</font><br> 1) (vasuuli) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a collection of (donations, stamps, etc.); accumulate, as wealth; gather up; raise funds<br> <br> <font size=+1>sangattukkaaha paNam teraTTradu oru mukkiyamaana poruppu</font><br> <font size=+1>Collecting money for the club is an important responsibility</font><br> 1) (kuuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(seehari)</font> 6b tr <br> make a collection of; accumulate; gather up<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuppuhaLe seehariccu paattaa kuttavaaLiye kaNTupiTicciTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can catch the culprit if we collect all the evidence and clues</font><br> 1) (seehari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(vasuul seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a collection of (dues, rents, taxes, donations, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaTahe vasuul seyya viiTTukkaararu eenoo innum varale</font><br> <font size=+1>For some reason, the owner has not yet come to collect the rent</font><br> 1) (teraTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>collide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b intr <br> hit; strike; crash against; come together forcefully; dash or strike against; smash<br> <br> <font size=+1>laari oNNu naTandu pooyiTTurunda baaluve iTicciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>A truck collided with Balu, who was on foot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>collocate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(variseyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> occur together, as words in phrases (linguistics)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa vaarttengaLum variseyaa irukkaaNNu saripaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Check to see whether all the words collocate correctly</font><br> 1) (orungee vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (oNNaa vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>collude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTi sadiceyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> conspire with; be in collusion with; play along with; collaborate with (as oppressor, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaavaltore adihaariyum kaTattalkaarangaLooTe kuuTi sadisenjadaa keeLvippaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I heard that a police official also colluded with the kidnappers</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>colonize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyeettu naaTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> turn a country into a colony<br> <br> <font size=+1>ingilaanTu indiyaave kuTiyeettu naaTaakki palanuuru aaNTunga aaNTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The British colonized and ruled India for hundreds of years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>color</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varNam puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> apply color to; paint; tint<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTTu pongalukku ozavanga maaTTu kombuhaLukku varNam puusi singaariccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The farmers colored the horns of the cow and beautified them for the Maatu Pongal festival</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerameettu)</font> 3 tr <br> tinge; dye<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar naappadu vayase aTenjappoo avarooTa muTikki nerameetta aarambiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>When he turned 40, he started coloring his hair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(neramaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> take on color; change in complexion<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTu poonadukkappuram ava nalla neramayiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She took on color after going abroad</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>color, change</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neram maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> become different in color, hue, tint<br> <br> <font size=+1>paruvam maara elehaLum neram maariccu</font><br> <font size=+1>As the season changed, the leaves also changed color</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>comb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siivu)</font> 3 tr <br> arrange the hair with a comb<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ennooTe taleye siivinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She combed my hair.</font><br> 1) (vaaru) 3 tr<br> 2) (siivi muTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(alasu)</font> 3 tr <br> search everywhere thoroughly; comb a place; turn a place inside out looking for s.t.; beat the bushes; ransack<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTe muzusaa alasippaarttum tolenje bomme keTekkele</font><br> <font size=+1>I combed the whole house but could not find the lost doll</font><br> 1) (saTe pinnu) 3 tr<br> 2) (teeTi paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koodu)</font> 3 tr <br> stroke the hair into place, as birds; run fingers through hair; fondle by stroking hair<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinnavayasule en ammaa en muTiye koodiviTTaadaan naan tuunguveen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I was a child, I used to not be able to sleep unless my mother combed and stroked my hair</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>combat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edittu pooraaTu)</font> 3 tr, tr <br> fight; contend; struggle; lead a fight against; combat a disease<br> <br> <font size=+1>aniyaayangaLe edittu pooraaTa tuNiccal avasiyam</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to have courage to combat injustice</font><br> 1) (edittu nillu) 5c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>combine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> come together, join together, unite (as chemicals)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga renTu beerum seendaa oree kummaaLamdaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When both of them combine forces, they create havoc</font><br> 1) (kala) 7 tr<br> 2) (seeru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> join or hook together; unite; bring together<br> <br> <font size=+1>innum sele reyilpeTTinga eNekkappaTale</font><br> <font size=+1>A few of the rail cars have not been combined in the consist yet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> join, unite, conjoin, set together<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinga veccirukkra reNTu kaNakkungaLeyum oNNaa kuuTTunga paakkalaam. sariyaa irukkum appaTiNNu nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Try combining both the accounts you have and see what happens. I think they'll be in better order</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> approach; arrive; appear; emanate from<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTam aarambikkradukku munnaale siikkram vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Come quickly, before the movie starts</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> happen; occur<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inge enna naTandukiTTu irukku?</font><br> <font size=+1>What is happening here?</font><br> 1) (nehazu) 2 intr<br> 2) (eerpaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooyviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> turn out; happen; fall out; turn out<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan aNNekki vara muTiyaame poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>It came about that I was unable to come on that day.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come across</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paakka neeru)</font> 2 intr <br> happen to meet or see; come upon; encounter, bump into, run across<br> <br> <font size=+1>giittaave paakka neeriTTaa en pudu velaasatte avakiTTe kuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you come across Geetha, give her my new address</font><br> 1) (paakka vayyi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa keTe)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> come upon s.t. or s.o. by chance; discover accidentally; find by chance; run into; bump into s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku inda naaval our pazaya pustaha kaTiyile tarceyalaa keTaccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I came across this book in a second-hand bookshop.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come and go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vanduTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> visit freely or frequently; drop by often<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>ide onga viiTuNNu nenecci, aTikkaTi vanduTTu poonga!</font><br> <font size=+1>You should consider this place like your own home, and come and go as you please!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come apart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTenji poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go to pieces, disintegrate, fall apart. collapse<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu kaTciyum tangaLukkuLLe oru orumeppaaTu varadukku munnaale avangaLooTe ellaa moyarciyum tiTiirNu oTenjippoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The two parties had negotiated a tenuous agreement, but then the whole thing came apart.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> attack, spring upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>puli enne taakkina oTane gadihalangi pooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was absolutely petrified when the tiger came at me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come crawling</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neLintu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come wriggling; wriggle, squirm o's way toward s.t.; drag/pull o.s. along, drag, slither, writhe, worm o's way, advance slowly/stealthily, sneak. <br> , .<br> <font size=+1>oru tappu paNNaa, enkiTTe neLinju varakuuTaadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>If you mess up, don't come crawling to me!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come crying</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azudukkiTTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come or follow crying;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku eedaavatu piraccane varappallaam kozande maadiri avan enkiTTa azudukkiTTu varuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Every time he gets into trouble he comes crying to me, just like a little baby!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> descend; decrease, as prices, inflation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadunaale paTi erangi varradu kashTamayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It has gotten hard to go down stairs since I got old</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taaz)</font> 2 intr <br> be lower or cheaper; descend, decrease<br> <br> <font size=+1>velaye taazytinaa taramum koreyumNu nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think that if we lower the price, the quality will also come down</font><br> 1) (erangu) 3 intr<br> 2) (viizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come into existence</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pera)</font> 7 intr <br> arise, proceed from, be born<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTaayiramaam aaNTule oru pudu yuham porandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A new millennium came into existence in the year 2000</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come into money</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(takku)</font> 3 intr <br> acquire, inherit<br> , .<br> <font size=+1>appaa settupoonappa, nereya paNam avanukku takkinadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>When his father died, he came into a lot of money.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come near</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkam vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> approach; draw near, come in close; close in<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayamaa irundaa en pakkam vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Come near to me if you are frightened</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be the result of<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>daakTar aahum on kanave kaiviTTuTTiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>What has come of your dream of becoming a doctor?</font><br> 1) (eer-paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (eerpaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandeeru)</font> 3 intr <br> come to pass; be accomplished; go off<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTattooTa veLLi vizaa romba sirappaana morayule naTandeericcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The movie's silver jubilee function came off very well</font><br> 1) (nehazu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come on foot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come walking; walk (over)<br> <br> <font size=+1>anju nimishamdaan aahum naTandu vaaNNu avankiTTe sonneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I told him "It will only take 5 minutes, come on foot"</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be published; appear in published form; be released (as a film)<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattirikkeyile veLiyaana seydingaLellaam uNmeyaaNNu ellaarum keeTTuTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody is asking whether the news that came out in the papers is correct or not</font><br> 1) (veLi vaa) 2c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLivaa)</font> 2c intr <br> be brought out, as a book, a magazine, etc.; be released or put on the market, as a car, a soap, a fan, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan pazeya maaTalukkaaha kaattukkiTTu irundeen. appoo adeviTa veehamaa irukkum pudiyadu veLivandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was waiting for the older model, but then the new one came out, which is much faster</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come out with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> utter; say; bring out<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayappaTaame uNmeye sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Come out with the truth and don't be afraid</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vandiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> arrive, drop in for a visit; drop by<br> <font size=+1>saappiTradukku pinnaale en viiTTukku vandiTTupoongaLeen? summaa vaaTaa.</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you come over to my place after dinner? Just drop by.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come quickly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siikkram vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> hasten to(ward); rush to(ward)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>nii siikkram varaNum, illaaTTaa, moosamaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to come quickly or there'll be serious problems.</font><br> 1) (saarNNu vaa) 2c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come round</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenavu tirumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> regain consciousness; come to o's senses<br> <br> <font size=+1>inimee nooyaaLikki nenavu tirumbinaa adu oru adisayamdaan</font><br> <font size=+1>It'll be a miracle if the patient comes around, after this</font><br> 1) (nenevu vaa) 2c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come running</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTi vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come quickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande enne ooTi vandu kaTTikkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child came running to me and hugged me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come sneaking up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padungi padungi vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> creep in stealthily; sneak up on; slink, steal, slip, slide, sidle, edge, move furtively, tiptoe, pussyfoot, pad, prowl. <br> ?<br> <font size=+1>iruTTule een padungi padungi varre?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did you come sneaking up on me in the dark?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come stumbling</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTittaTavi vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come stumbling and groping<br> <br> <font size=+1>karraNT poonadunaale iruTTule taTTittaTavi vandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I came stumbling in the dark, since the electricity had failed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come through/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be successful, come out well; succeed; turn out well, work, work out; pan out. <br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaam sariyaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everything came out all right</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> amount to; cost<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kaayhari maTTum ivvaLavu vele aayiTuccaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>The vegetables alone came to this much?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to (life)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyirukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> revive; gain consciousness, be resuscitated<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We thought health care reform was dead, but then it came back to life in the next legislative session</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to a bad end</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tole)</font> 2b intr <br> be lost, ruined, finished, washed up<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiz paNpaaTTe toleccukkiTTu irukkoomaaNNu en aasiriyarukku kavalayaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our teacher is worried that Tamil culture is coming to a bad end and is all washed up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to a decision</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> arrive at a decision, conclusion or resolution; come to an end<br> <br> <font size=+1>siikkaram oru nalla muTivukku vaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Come to a good decision soon</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to a stop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> come to a halt, standstill; brake; stop<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi rooTule irunda cinna kozandekki munnaale tiTiirNNu niNNuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The vehicle came to a sudden halt before the little child on the road.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to an end</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 2b intr <br> end; be finished<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kirikkeT aaTTam inNNekki eppo muTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>When will today's cricket match ever end?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to know</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> find out; realize; become fully aware or cognizant of; grasp, take in, know, comprehend, apprehend, be aware, be cognizant of the fact, appreciate, recognize, perceive, discern, conceive;<br> d .<br> <font size=+1>naan ade neettu taan terinjukiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I came to know that only yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teriya vaa)</font> 2c tr 3pn + dat <br> realize; find out; learn of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan senja aTTuuziyangaLe patti makkaLukku appuramdaan teriya vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The people came to know of his atrocities only (much) later</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to light</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> come out; appear; become public, become known; see the light of day; come forth; issue or flow forth; originate<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNme veLippaTTadum tappu senjavanga padungiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The wrongdoers went into hiding once their misdeeds came to light</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to naught</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruppaTaama poo)</font> 3b intr <br> come to nothing; collapse; fall apart; fall in, cave in, give way, come apart, fall to pieces, crumple. <br> <br> <font size=+1>en muyarciyellaam uruppaTaama pooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My efforts have all come to naught</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to pass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaikkuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> succeed; be effected<br> .<br> <font size=+1>kaTesile, oNNum seyyamuTiyaadu-NNu kayyi kuuTinadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>In the end, it came to pass that nothing could be done.</font><br> 1) (kuuTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come to s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTu)</font> 6 tr <br> approach; be near, close, adjacent; apply to for protection;<br> <br> <font size=+1>paavam, avaru enne aTuttu vaaza veeNTiya nelame eerpaTTuTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Poor guy, he's reduced to having to come to me for protection</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNuseeru)</font> 2 intr <br> unite, combine; get (back) together<br> <br> <font size=+1>taniyaa irunda purushanum poNTaaTTiyum oNNuseendaanga appaTingradu mahizcciyaana vishayam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's good news that the husband and wife who had separted have now come back together again</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viisi aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of wind) blow; come up, blow strongly<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTumeyaana kattu viici aTicci kuureye parittiTTu poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>A strong wind came up and blew the roof off</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come up to (the) standard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeru)</font> 3 tr <br> make proficiency; pass an exam; come up to snuff; do well<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa paTicca ellaa maaNavangaLum teervule teeriTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All the students who studied with me came up to standard in the exam</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>come upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> come into the possession of; be available to; get; encounter; find, discover, reveal<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooTTattule tooNTikkiTTu irundapoodu enakku oru podayal keTaccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>I came upon a veritable treasure when I was digging in my garden</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>comfort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teettu)</font> 3 tr <br> console; soothe; mitigate weariness or sadness, offer consolation;<br> <br> <font size=+1>varuttamaa irunda avane teettineen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he was so sad, I comforted him</font><br> 1) (aarudal aLi) 6b tr<br> 2) (salippaattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>comfortable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNakkaaranaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be rich, be well off financially<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNakkaaranaa irundaa periya maaLiheyle vaazalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>People who are financially comfortable can live in huge mansions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vasadiyaa iru)</font> 2c intr <br> be convenient, be well-equipped; be amenable, be so that one can enjoy o's surroundings; enjoy the presence of s.t.; have advantages; be well set up, well off<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa pudu viiTu romba vasadiyaa irukku.</font><br> <font size=+1>Their new house is very comfortable.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>comforted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeru)</font> 3 intr <br> be consoled; cheer up; be assuaged<br> 1) (salippu tiiru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLiru)</font> 2 intr <br> be satisfied; be appeased; derive comfort from s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sirumiyooTa sirippe paattadum en maamaa manam kuLirnduTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My uncle was comforted when he saw the smile on the girl's face</font><br> 1) (manam kuLiru) 2 intr<br> 2) (teeru) 3 intr<br> 3) (aarudalaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>command</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihaaram seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> give orders to; control; manage; boss; have authority over<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan oru periya niruvanattooTa talevanaa pala veeleyaaLunga kiTTe adihaaram seluttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>As the head of a large institute, he commanded many employees.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaLeyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> order, direct; issue instructions<br> <br> <font size=+1>periyavanga kaTTaLeyiTTaa ade madikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>When the elders command, one should respect them</font><br> 1) (eevu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commandeer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(raaNuvattukkaaha kaippattu)</font> 3 tr <br> seize for military use; take over, take control of, hijack, as a plane; dragoon; grab<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadingaLooTe tuppaakkingaLe ellaam raaNuvattukkaaha kaippattinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The guns of the terrorists were commandeered for military use</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commemorate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevuvizaa koNTaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> celebrate to honor the memory of; erect a memorial; issue a commemorative volume<br> <br> <font size=+1>marenja prafasarooTa nenevuvizaa koNTaaTa eerpaaTu senjukiTTirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are planning a function to commemorate the late professor</font><br> 1) (nenevu sinnam naaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commence</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> start; begin<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLiye veLayaaTa toTangiyadum maze peyya aarambiccuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It started raining as soon as we commenced playing outside</font><br> 1) (aarambi) 6b tr<br> 2) (tovangu) 3 intr<br> 3) (tovakku) 3 tr<br> 4) (tovakku) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puhu)</font> 2, 4 intr <br> enter upon; embark (up)on; set out on<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After 9/11 we commenced a new era that will be quite different from the previous one</font><br> 1) (toTangu) 3 intr<br> 2) (toTangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> praise; applaud<br> <br> <font size=+1>maanilattuleeyee adiha madippeN pettadukkaaha modalvar enne foonle kuupiTTu paaraaTTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I scored the highest grade (in the exam) in the whole state, the chief minister phoned me and commended me</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (sibaarisu seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parindure)</font> 6b tr <br> recommend; speak favorably of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veelekki en tambiye parindure seyyavirumbareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wish to commend my brother for this job</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (parindure seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>comment</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippure kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> review, esp. in print; provide commentary or evaluation of<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu ariviyal pustahattukku madippure kuTukka innum yaarum keTekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>We have not yet found anyone to comment on the new science book</font><br> 1) (karutture kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commercialize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaNihamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make commercial; make a profit out of s.t.; turn s.t. into a business; bring out the commercial character of; commodify<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLikuuTa paLippu kuuTa vaaNihamaakkapaTum kaalam idu</font><br> <font size=+1>This is an age when even school education is getting commercialized</font><br> 1) (vaNiha paNpuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commiserate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttam terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> express sorrow, condolences; feel sympathy or pity for<br> <br> <font size=+1>eranda paTeviirarhaLooTa kuTumbangaLukku pradamar varuttam teriviccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The prime minister commiserated with the families of the soldiers who died</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (irakkam-koo) 4 intr<br> 2) (erangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tukkattule pangukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> share another's grief; feel sympathy or compassion<br> <br> <font size=+1>en dukkattule pangukoLLa en frenTz irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>I have my friends to commiserate with me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commission</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amattu)</font> 3 tr <br> employ or authorize a person; delegate s.o. to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamuve avan maamaa oru nalla veleyile amattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu's uncle commissioned him to do the job, and do it well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poruppaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> (milit.) give authority or responsibility to, e.g. an officer in armed forces, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda poruppu kuTukkappaTTaalum anda adihaari terameyaa senjumuTippaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That officer will do a good job whatever he is commissioned to do</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tarkole senjukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> commit suicide; end o's own life<br> <br> <font size=+1>tarkole senjukkra aLavukku avanukku enna kashTam irundudoo teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I wonder what troubles he had that led him to commit suicide?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce to writing or paper; write down, record<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLivahuppule sollittarapparade ezudiveccu appuram paTiccu paappeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I commit to paper whatever is taught in class, and review it later</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commit (crime)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> commit a crime; carry out, execute, enact, perpetrate, effect, do s.t. wrong. <br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttam senjavanga niccayamaa taNTikkapaTuvaangaNNu kaavaltore adihaari sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The police official said that the persons who committed the crime will definitely be punished</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commit (error)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappu sey @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> commit a blunder, make a mistake<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tappu senjaalum oppukkave maaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He never accepts any mistakes he commits</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commit (to memory)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manappaaTam sey @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> memorize; learn "by heart"<br> <br> <font size=+1>ezudiyirukkrude purinjukkaame manappaaTam maTTum seyyaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't just commit to memory what is written without understanding it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commit (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTeccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> entrust s.o. to others, place s.o. in care of others<br> <br> <font size=+1>anaade kozandengaLe kozandenga kaappahattule oppaTeccu viTalaamNu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am thinking of committing the orphans into the care of the orphanage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commit o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakku kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give an assurance or promise; give o's word, make a commitment<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaakku kuTuttuTTa enda suuznelayilum ade kaappaattaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Once you have committed yourself, you should honor that promise under any circumstances</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>common, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poduvaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be owned, shared or used by more than one; be public<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaLukkellaam poduvaa irukkradu tamizmozidaan</font><br> <font size=+1>What we all have in common is the Tamil language</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saadaaraNamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be ordinary or mediocre; be trite; be habitual; be unexceptional<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTTule pooy paTikkradu ippellaam saadaaraNaamaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It has become common nowadays to go abroad to study</font><br> 1) (vazakkamaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>communicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> inform; impart; reveal; make known; let s.o. know<br> <br> <font size=+1>mukkiyamaana seydi eedaavadu irundaa enkiTTe oTanee terivi</font><br> <font size=+1>If you have any important news, communicate it to me immediately</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarbu veccukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be, remain or keep in touch with, be in contact with; keep up with; share information with<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaadu vanduTTaalum en nanbarhaLooTe toTarbu veccikkiTTu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Though I have come (to study) in a foreign country, I still communicate with my friends</font><br> 1) (karpi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(arivi)</font> 6b tr <br> inform; announce; transmit; make known<br> <br> <font size=+1>Tiiviile inTiyaa jeyiccade patti arivikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>India's win was not communicated by television</font><br> 1) (toTarbu koo@(sh intr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> spread (the appeal of); cause to cover a larger surface; display to the eye or the mind; lay out, open out, unfurl, unroll, roll out; straighten out, fan out; stretch out, extend<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar taazmeyum erakkamum parappinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He was someone who communicated humility and compassion.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>communicate (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> reveal or share o's true feelings, etc.; express o.s. to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>seegar manasule irukkrade veLippaTuttamuTiyaame taviccikkiTTu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sekar is suffering because he is not able to communicate his true feelings</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>communize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaamyunisT naaTu aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. communist; cause s.t. to follow Marxist-Leninist principles; convert a country to a M-L system<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the Russian revolution and the death of Lenin, Stalin began to communize agriculture, bringing all the peasants into collective farms.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNTaneye taLa(r)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a sentence, etc., less severe; reduce or cancel a sentence<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNTaneye taLatta niidibadikiTTe vakkiil vaadaaTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The lawyer pleaded with the judge to commute the sentence</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooyTTu vanduTTu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> travel to work from a distance on a daily basis; travel to work by train, bus or car on regular basis; go back and forth from a place regularly, esp. for work or education<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalluurikki eppaTi pooyTTu vanduTTu irukkee?</font><br> <font size=+1>How do you commute to college?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compact, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaccidamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be handy, be neat; fit into a small space; take up little room<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jappaanle vaangiya foon evvaLavu kaccidamaa irukku paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how small and compact this phone that I bought in Japan is!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be handy; be small in size; take up very little room<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna eTattule kuuTa anda kaTTil aTangiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>That cot will fit compactly into even a small area</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> liken; estimate the similarity of two or more things, persons; measure or note the similarity or dissimilarity between s.t.; contrast, juxtapose, weigh/balance/measure the differences between thing<br> <br> <font size=+1>oppiTTu paattadule oru vittyaasamum tenpaTale</font><br> <font size=+1>We could not spot any difference, even after we compared them</font><br> 1) (oppume kaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compassionate, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anbaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be kind, be loving or affectionate; be sympathetic or merciful<br> <br> <font size=+1>eeze eLiyavanga kiTTe enga modalaaLi eppavum anbaa irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our boss is always very compassionate when it comes to the poor and downtrodden</font><br> 1) (erangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compensate (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nashTa iiTu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> recompense; give (s.o.) s.t. in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury incurred; make amends, make restitution, make reparation, make up for, atone, expiate; make good the loss; balance out <br> <br> <font size=+1>en tappunaale vibattu eerpaTTadunaale naan nashTa iiTu kuTuttaahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the accident was my fault, I have to compensate the injured party</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compete</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTiyle kalandukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> participate in a contest or competition; strive to gain or win s.t. by defeating or establishing superiority over others: play, be a competitor, be involved<br> !<br> <font size=+1>toolviye patti nenekkaame pooTiyle kalandukkoonga!</font><br> <font size=+1>Compete in the contest without worrying about defeat!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTiyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> vie; contest; strive; take part, enter, participate, be a contestant<br> j <br> <font size=+1>naan kaTumeyaa pooTTiyiTTu jeyiccu vaangiya kooppe idu</font><br> <font size=+1>This is the cup I got by competing hard and winning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>competent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 2b tr <br> be able, accomplished, efficient<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vayasaana kaalattule on taattaavaale male eera muTiyuma?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is your grandfather still competent to climb mountains at this old age?</font><br> 1) (kuuTu) 3 intr<br> 2) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compile</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seendezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> anthologize; collect (material) into a list, volume, etc. make up (a volume, etc.) from such material; gather together<br> <br> <font size=+1>pala prabalamaana kavinjarunga seendezudiya pustaham idu</font><br> <font size=+1>This is a book compiled by a lot of famous poets</font><br> 1) (seehari) 6b tr<br> 2) (teraTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>complain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toNe toNe)</font> 6 intr <br> bitch (at), nag, kvetch; protest, grumble, whine, bleat, carp, cavil, grouse, make a fuss; object to, speak out against, oppose, criticize, find fault with; (inf.) whinge, kick up a fuss, bellyache, m<br> , <br> <font size=+1>angee niNNaa, enne toNe toNe-NNu tiTTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If I stand there, people will complain about me</font><br> 1) (tiTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puhaar seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> prefer, press charges, lodge formal charges against; accuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTTu naTandaa oTanee pooliiskiTTe puhaar seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>One should complain immediately to the police if a theft occurs</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(korekuuru)</font> 3 intr <br> express censure, etc.; find fault; bitch, moan, kvetch<br> <br> <font size=+1>en maamiyaar eppavum enne patti korekuurikiTTe iruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother-in-law just keeps on complaining about me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(moreyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> express grievance, dissatisfaction, etc.; accuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne sanTe vandaalum modalle periyavangakiTTe moreyiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Whenever any fight breaks out between you, complain to your elders first</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(monahu)</font> 3 intr <br> grumble; murmur complainingly or grumpily; bitch, moan; (fig.) kick<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>tamiz naaTle maduvilakke eTuttaa poNNunga muNumuNuppaanga; ade koNTuvandaa aaNunga monahuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If prohibition is lifted in Tamil Nadu, women will complain; if it is imposed, men will complain.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(ediru)</font> 6 intr <br> oppose, resist or object; raise objections<br> j ( ) <br> <font size=+1>niinga variye eettinaa jananga eduppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If you raise taxes, people will complain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>complete</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> finish; bring to an end; conclude, terminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTiccu muTicuTTu enge veeNumNaalum poo</font><br> <font size=+1>(You can) go anywhere you want to after completing your studies</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(senjumuTi)</font> 2b tr <br> finish, accomplish, achieve<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ennooTa aaraaycciye muppadu varushattukku munnaaTi senjumuTicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I completed my research thirty years ago</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>completed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 2b intr <br> be finished or concluded; be over; be all done<br> <br> <font size=+1>pariikshe muTinja oTane sinimaavukku pooradaa irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am planning to go to a movie as soon as the examination is completed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>complicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make complex or difficult; tangle; complexify; make or become confused; mix up, confuse, muddle; mess up, screw up, snarl up<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>iiziyaana keeLviyellaam een niiyaa sikkalaakkikkre?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you complicating simple questions?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>complicated, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cikkalaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be complex, messy or intricate<br> <br> <font size=+1>praccane romba sikkalaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The problem has become very complicated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(valandukiTTu poo)</font> 3 intr <br> grow, as plants, children, or pets; be drawn out, as a story<br> !<br> <font size=+1>enna idu? indumadiyooTa kade vaLandukiTTee poohudu!</font><br> <font size=+1>What's going on? Indumath's story just gets more and more complicated!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compliment</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anbarippu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> say nice things about s.t.; praise; pay a compliment<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She was often complimented for her good taste in books</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (paaraaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>comply</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uTanpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> agree (with); consent to; obey, observe, abide by, adhere to, conform to, acquiesce to, assent to, accord with, follow, respect, yield, submit (to). <br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadingaLooTe koorikkengaLukku arasaangam eppavum uTanpaTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government will never comply with the terrorists' demands</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (ottukkoo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangi seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> do as required; agree; consent; submit; yield<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii aaseyaa keeTTaa eNangi seyveen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you ask nicely, I will comply</font><br> 1) (eNangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaattade seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> do as required, expected; do as told<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga edirpaattade nii seyyaadadunaale onne veeleyilerundu niikkroom</font><br> <font size=+1>Since you did not comply with our expectations, we are removing you from this job</font><br> 1) (sammadi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(accukoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> set (type)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??inda aaharaadi leeTTek-ngra [...] sisTattaale accukkiTTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>This dictionary was composed by a photocomposition system called LaTeX</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iyakku)</font> tr <br> write poetry, lyrics, songs, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru paaTTe iyakka enakku korenjadu oru maasam aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It takes me at least one month to compose a song</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>composed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amar)</font> 2 intr <br> be settled or quiet<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>One would never know from the composed look on her face that she was really very angry</font><br> 1) (amaru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakku)</font> 3 tr <br> mix, as medicine; mingle, stir up, stir together<br> <br> <font size=+1>kashaayatte taNNiyle kalakki kuTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The medicine should be mixed with water and taken</font><br> 1) (kala) 7 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>comprehend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(purinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> understand; grasp, take in, see, apprehend, follow, make sense of, fathom, get to the bottom of; unravel, decipher, interpret; work out, figure out, make head or tail of.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan senjadu purnijikka evvaLavoo moyarci senjaalum muTayale</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how hard I tried to comprehend his actions, I failed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 2 tr <br> comprehend in great numbers<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (arinju-koo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ( )</B> <font size=+1>(puri(yum))</font> 2b 3 pn + dat) <br> understand<br> .<br> <font size=+1>enakku ippa ellaam puriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Now I understand everything; now I get the whole picture</font><br> 1) (teri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjikoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> figure out; understand, realize; come to an understanding of; become aware of; get (a realization, understanding, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTTu kalaaccaaratte patti terinjikka nereye irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There is a lot to comprehend when it comes to foreign cultures.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>comprehensive (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seri)</font> 2b intr <br> be copious, far-reaching, abundant<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veLakkam romba serivaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That explanation is very comprehensive</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> reduce; condense; pack down, press, squash, crush, cram, jam, stuff; tamp, pack, compact; constrict; (inf.) scrunch<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays it's possible to compress computer files and store them on disks</font><br> 1) (nerukku) 3 tr<br> 2) (azuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compressed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be contracted; be narrow, be squeezed<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Natural gas can now be compressed and shipped by sea</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azundu)</font> 3 intr <br> be pressed; be compacted, be squeezed together; be packed, scrunched together<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The migrants were compressed in the hold of the ship like sardines</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>comprise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> consist of; be comprised of; have as a necessary element; be dependent upon;<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLakka paTangaLum inda pustahattule aTangiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This book also comprises illustrative diagrams</font><br> 1) (uLLaTakkiyiTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (aTangiyiru) 7 intr<br> 3) (uTkoNTiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>comprised of, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> total; come to a total of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The work is comprised of three volumes</font><br> 1) (mottum aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compromise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaadaanam senjukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> settle by negotiation; come to terms, come to an understanding, make a deal, make concessions, find a happy medium, find the middle ground, strike a balance, meet halfway, give and take, give a little<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga samaadaanam senjukkiTTaa onga renTu peerukkumdaan nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is to the advantage of both of you if you could compromise on this issue</font><br> 1) (samarasam senjukoo @(sh intr)@) 1 intr<br> 2) (viTTukkuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> calculate; reckon; figure<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu kashTamaana keeLvi kuTuttaalum avan sulabamaa kaNakkiTTuTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Give him any tough problem and he will compute it easily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>con</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> deceive; outwit; swindle; defraud, cheat, trick, dupe, fool, hoax, hoodwink, bamboozle; (inf.:) fleece, do, sting, diddle, swizzle, rip off, take for a ride, pull a fast one on, put one over on, take<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He conned his parents into letting him buy an expensive car, saying he had a job already.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>concatenate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sangilikkoove aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> string together; adjoin<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>moziyiyalle ....??</font><br> <font size=+1>In linguistics, people speak of concatenating strings of meaningful elements into phrases or sentences.</font><br> 1) (sangiliyaale toTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sangiliyaale eNe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sandi seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> (gram.) join the final letter of the first word and the initial letter of the second word<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> 1) (sangiliyaale toTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conceal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mareccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> hide; not allow to be seen; keep s.t. secret; prevent from being known<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTe eNNangaLe mattavangaLukku sollaama mareccu veccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of sharing her thoughts with people, she concealed her intentions.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padukku)</font> 3 tr <br> hide; keep from sight; cover, keep hidden, screen, obscure, disguise, camouflage, mask, secrete, shelter, bury, tuck away. <br> <br> <font size=+1>koLLe aTiccavanga padukkiveccirunda tangatte pooliis kaNTupiTiciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police have found the gold that the robbers had concealed</font><br> 1) (oLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>concealed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLinjiru)</font> 2b intr <br> be hidden<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaartteyile oLinju irukkum paraveyooTa peere ezudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Write down the name of the bird that is concealed in this word</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padungu)</font> 3 intr <br> skulk about; hide; sneak unseen<br> <br> <font size=+1>goheyile padungi irukkum singatte veLiye koNTuvaraNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The lion is concealed in its cave and we need to bring it out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>concede</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> admit or acknowledge as true, etc.; admit (defeat) in a match or contest; accept, allow, grant, recognize, own (up), confess; agree. give in, yield; grant as a privilege<br> <br> <font size=+1>sumaar reNTu maNineeram aaloosane senjadukkappuram edirkaTcikaaranga toolviye ottukkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The opposition party members conceded defeat after discussions that lasted about two hours</font><br> 1) (viTTu kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conceited, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(busNNu iru)</font> 3 intr <br> be stuck up, be snooty, puffed up, arrogant; be a stuffed shirt, a windbag<br> b <br> <font size=+1>anda aaLu romba bussuNNu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That guy is a really conceited stuffed-shirt</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(garvamkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be proud, haughty or vain; be self-important, cocky, haughty, supercilious, overweening, narcissistic, immodest, egotistical, puffed up, self-satisfied, complacent, boastful, swaggering, vainglorious;<br> <br> <font size=+1>??ivvaLavu garvam koLradu nalladille</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not good to be so conceited</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (tarperume-koo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conceive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttari)</font> 6b intr <br> be pregnant; be expecting. be with child<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa manevi karuttariccuTTaaNNu terinjadum, veelu sandooshattule kudiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he found out that his wife had conceived, Velu jumped for joy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>concentrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaznda sindane nene)</font> 6b tr <br> think hard; put all o's attention on one thought, idea; focus o's thoughts on s.t., excluding all other thoughts<br> ?? ? <br> <font size=+1>enna seyreenNNu keekkriingaLaa? aaznda sindane daan neneccikiTTirukkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>You ask what I'm doing? I'm concentrating--thinking deep thoughts!</font><br> 1) (kuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTarkarecalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make close, thick<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>`??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to concentrate all our efforts in eradicating malaria</font><br> 1) (oru-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(orumuneppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring to one point; focus all o's attention on a particular object or activity; center, converge, centralize, consolidate, bring to bear, congregate, cluster<br> <br> <font size=+1>en gavanatte ellaam paTippu meele orumunepaTuttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I concentrate hard and bring all my energy to bear on my studies</font><br> 1) (oru moha-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>concentrated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be centered; be thick or undiluted, as a solution or mixture<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You can buy concentrated orange juice, and then dilute it with water to make it drinkable</font><br> 1) (orungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>concern</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaaTu koNTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> have an interest in; be involved with; care about<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyil veeleyellaam arccahar iiTupaaTooTe senjuvaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The priest has been deeply concerned with the work at the temple</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(baadi)</font> 6b tr <br> affect; be of importance or interest; have an effect on<br> <br> <font size=+1>saaradaavooTa tukkam enneyum baadiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Sarada's sorrow concerned me as well</font><br> 1) (saar poTeyadaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (toTarpoTeyadaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>concerned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(akkare vayyi)</font> 7 intr <br> be interested in; be worried about<br> <br> <font size=+1>en paTippule enneviTa en appaa adiha akkare veccirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father is more concerned about my studies than I am</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conclude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivure sollu @(Nc intr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> make concluding remarks; sum up<br> <br> <font size=+1>muTivure solla namma anbaanda modalameccare meeTTekki azekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I now call upon our beloved chief minister to make the concluding speech</font><br> 1) (tiirmaani) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(abipraayappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> consider; hold as an opinion; think; make a judgement<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga viiTTeviTTu siikkramaa kelambaNum-NNu naan abippraayappaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I concluded that we should leave the house soon.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>concoct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seettu varuvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> prepare by mixing together; make (a dish or meal) by combining ingredients; create or devise (a story or plan): prepare, make, assemble; (inf.) fix, rustle up, whip up, throw or knock together<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??pananju nimishattule ava oru rusiyaana saappaaTTe seettu varuvaakkikkiTTaa!</font><br> <font size=+1>In fifteen minutes she had concocted a delicious mean!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tandram paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. up; assemble; prepare, put together, cook (up), muster, mix, blend, brew; (inf.) rustle up, fix, whip up; create or devise (a story, scheme, or plan) <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??[...] oru periya tandram paNNinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He concocted a scheme whereby he defrauded widows and orphans of their meager fortunes.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kadeviTu)</font> {4 tr a <br> invent or feign, as an excuse; tell a tall story; make up a tall tale<br> <br> <font size=+1>summaa kadeviTaama uNmeye sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't just concoct a story, tell me the truth.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>concretize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parupporuLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make concrete; give specific, tangible or definite form to; bring down to earth<br> <br> <font size=+1>??on yoosaneye parupporuLaakkinaa ennaale ellaarukkum eLidaa vevarikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you concretize your idea, it'll be easier to explain to everyone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>concur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNukuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> coincide; occur simultaneously; gather to reach a decision<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaNavanga ellaarum oNNukuuTi muTivusenjoom</font><br> <font size=+1>All of us students got together and concurred</font><br> 1) (oNNu-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> agree, assent; be in accord, accord, be in harmony, acquiesce, be in assent, be of the same mind, be in concord, be in agreement <br> <br> <font size=+1>mudalvarooTa kaTTaLekki eNangi inda kaTidattate unakku tarreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am giving you this letter, which essentially concurs with the recommendation of our leader</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>condemn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(??payatte tettu arivi (payanillaama arivi?))</font> 6 tr <br> pronounce as useless or unserviceable<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The beautiful old colonial building was condemned and torn down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> denounce; censure; deprecate, disapprove of, criticize, berate, upbraid, reprove, reproach, blame, reprehend, reprobate<br> <br> <font size=+1>vanmoreye ellaa madangaLum kaNTanam seyyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>All religions condemn violence</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>condense</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiravamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> transform into liquid<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Moisture will condense on the windows when the glass is cold</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> compress; reduce<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If we liquify the natural gas, we can condense it and ship it easily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(surukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make shorter or more precise; telescope; bring more tightly together<br> <br> <font size=+1>enkiTTe ippo neeramille solrade surukki sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't have much time now, condense what you need to say and say it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>condescend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttu naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> lower o.s. to do or grant s.t.; show that one feels superior; do s.t. despite regarding it as beneath o's dignity; patronize; deign, stoop, descend, unbend, humble/demean o.s.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He condescended to attend the event, but sat apart and looked bored</font><br> 1) (paNinju naTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>condolence(s), express</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tukkam vicaari)</font> 6b intr <br> call at deceased's home to express grief or sorrow; send expressions of condolence by mail<br> j <br> <font size=+1>saroojavooTa paaTTi erandadaale ava viiTTukku pooy tukkam visaarikka pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to Saroja's place and express my condolences for her grandmother's death</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>condone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peze poru)</font> 6 tr <br> excuse or forgive a mistake, etc.; disregard, accept, allow, let go or pass, turn a blind eye to, overlook, forget; make allowances<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avane peze porutteen; avan senjadu peze porutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I forgive him; I condoned what he did</font><br> 1) (manniccuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTum kaaNaada maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> wink at; take no notice of; turn a blind eye to; connive<br> <br> <font size=+1>en sahatozilaaLingaLooTa uuzale kaNTum kaaNaada maadiri ennaale irukkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I cannot condone the corruption of my colleagues</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conduct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> behave; behave o.s.; act, comport, deport, acquit (o.s.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>uravinanga viiTTukku poonaa ozungaa naTandukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Conduct yourself properly when you go to our relatives' place</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> manage; carry on; direct; run; take charge of<br> <br> <font size=+1>en poNNu kalyaaNatte eLidaana moreyule naTatta pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to conduct my daughter's wedding in a simple manner</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (naTandu-koo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vazikaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> lead; guide<br> <br> <font size=+1>guru sishyarhaLe sariyaana paadeyule vazikaaTTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher will conduct his disciples in the right path</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> serve as a medium for heat, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>irumbu minsaaratte kaTattum</font><br> <font size=+1>Iron conducts electricity</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tinpaNTam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make into a confection or eatables; make s.t. elaborate or dainty.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tinpaNTam seyyara tozille neraya laabam sambaadikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can make a lot of profit in the business of confecting elaborate desserts</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aLi)</font> 6b tr <br> give, bestow, grant, award; present, give out, hand out, accord<br> <br> <font size=+1>modal maaNavanukku asiriyaru parisu kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher conferred the prize on the top-ranking student</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalandoreyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> discuss; consult together; have conference(s) with s.o. <br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTTu maaNavanga kuuTa kalandoreyaaTinaa nariye vishayangaLellaam teriyavarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I get to know a lot of things when I confer with the foreign students</font><br> 1) (kuTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (kaland-aaloosi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confess</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttatte ottukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> admit to a crime; acknowledge, make a clean breast of, own up to, declare, make known, disclose, reveal, divulge, blurt out, expose<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttatte ottukkiTTaa niidibadi un meele karuNe kaaTTa vaayppirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>If you confess to the crime, the judge might show mercy on you</font><br> 1) (kuttatte terivi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nampikkeyooTu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> tell o's innermost thoughts, secrets to s.o.; reveal, disclose, divulge, lay bare, impart, declare, intimate, uncover, expose, vouchsafe, tell; confess, admit, give away; (inf.) blab, spill (the bean<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avankiTTe ellaam nambikkeyooTu peesineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I confided all my innermost secrets to him</font><br> 1) (nambikke vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confident, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambikkeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be trusting, have confidence; have firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of s.o. or s.t.; be convinced by, pin o's hopes on. <br> <br> <font size=+1>veele siikkaram keTecciTumNu nambikkeyaa irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am confident that I will soon find work.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(serayule aTe)</font> 6 tr <br> imprison; enclose, shut up, shut, cage, keep, coop up, pen, box up, lock up, intern, hold captive, incarcerate, impound. restrict; limit; detain s.o. in custody; <br> <br> <font size=+1>pooraaTTam senjavangaLe kaavaltore serayule aTecciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police confined the demonstators</font><br> 1) (kaTTu-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (serayle iTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (ellekki uTpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 4) (aTeccuvayyi) 6b tr<br> 5) (kaavalle vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confined, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTutta paTukkeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bed-ridden; be shut in/up; be unable to leave o's bed bec. of illness or age<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTambu balaviinattunaale en taattaa paTutta paTukkeyaa irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather is confined to his bed because of physical weakness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confirm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> approve, underscore, affirm, make certain, as travel reservations; strengthen; ratify<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naaLekki inge naTakka poora kuuTTattukku nii varrade munnaaTiyee urudippaTutta muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you confirm in advance your participation in tomorrow's meeting?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerandaramaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make permanent; grant tenure or job security<br> <br> <font size=+1>en veeleye oyaradihaari nerandaramaakkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The senior official confirmed my job as permanent</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(urudiyaa sollu @(Nc tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> assert strongly; attest; confirm; state for sure; swear on a stack of bibles; substantiate; corroborate<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLekki niinga ennooTa varradupatti urudiyaa solla muTiyumaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you confirm for sure that you will come with me tomorrow?</font><br> 1) (urudi seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confiscate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parimodalseyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take by legal authority, attach, appropriate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNanooTa sottu puuraaveyum parimodalseyyumbaTi koorTTu aaniyiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The court ordered all of Kannan's property to be confiscated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conflict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(morampaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> disagree; oppose; be different or at variance; clash, as facts, versions of a story<br> <br> <font size=+1>moranpaTum kartuttuhaLe naan niraaharikkamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will not disregard opinions that conflict (with mine)</font><br> 1) (ovvaadiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conform</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be alike or similar; be equal to<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??idu naan edirpaattade ottalle</font><br> <font size=+1>This does not conform to what I expected</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ottuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> act in conformity or accord; agree; comply<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>manasu ottuppoohaleNNaa seendu vaazndu enna payan?</font><br> <font size=+1>What is the point in living together if our thinking does not conform?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehekka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> puzzle; amaze; confuse; be confusing; leave s.o. speechless; (inf.) throw s.o. for a loop, blow s.o. away<br> <br> <font size=+1>vinjnjanihaLooTa pudu kaNTupiTippu ellaareyum tehekka senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The new discovery of the scientists confounded everyone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seyalarac seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> render ineffective; foil; undo<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? avan senjadu namma tandramellaatteyum seyalara senjiTucci; inimee ellaam tiruppi seyyaveeNTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>What he just did confounded all our plans and now we'll have to start all over.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toolviyaTeya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> defeat; mess s.t. up; (inf.) put the kybash on s.t.; wreck the chances of; ruin everything; disarrange; throw into confusion<br> <br> <font size=+1>kirikkeT pooTiyile maze engaLe toolviyaTeya senjuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain confounded everything and made us lose the cricket match</font><br> 1) (alandoolappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (kozappu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confounded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehe)</font> 6b intr <br> be perplexed or bewildered; be confused; be blown away<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaNiyooTe azahe paattu teheccuppooy niNNeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was just confounded by the queen's beauty</font><br> 1) (prami) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confront</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edi(r)ttu nillu)</font> 5c tr <br> face a danger; defy; oppose; face with courage; face boldly or defiantly; stand in opposition<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan accamillaame singatte edittu niNNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He confronted the lion fearlessly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neerukku neer niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring face to face; challenge, square up to, face (up to), meet, accost, waylay; stand up to, brave, beard, tackle<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLingaLe paadikkappaTTavanga munnaaTi neerukku neer nirutta pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to make the culprits confront their victims</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(edirkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> face s.t. or s.o.; face squarely; face down, face defiantly<br> <br> <font size=+1>toolvihaLe edirkoNTu pooraaTinaadaan vaazkeyle jeyikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should confront defeats and resist them in order to win in life</font><br> 1) (ediriTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazunga seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> muddle, bewilder; disarrange; jumble<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa tiTTi tiTTi payanukku putti mazunga senjuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother scolded her son constantly and ended up totally confusing him</font><br> 1) (taarumaarukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaara seyyi)</font> ia tr <br> confuse; baffle; cause s.o. to stumble<br> <br> <font size=+1>adircci avane taTumaara senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The shock confused him and made him stumble</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> complicate; throw into confusion; embroil s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaLe kozappaama naTandade teLivaa sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't try to confuse us; tell us clearly what happened</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muuLekkooLaaru uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring about or cause a mental disturbance<br> <br> <font size=+1>{\d d}aakT{\d t}ar kuTutta marundu avanukku muuLekkooLaaru uNTaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The medicine the doctor gave him confused him and upset him mentally</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confused, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be perplexed; be staggered, confused, upset, afraid<br> <br> <font size=+1>evaLavu kashTam vandaalum ennooTe freNTu kalanga maaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how problematic things get, my friend doesn't get confused or upset</font><br> 1) (meraNTu poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (meraLu) 1 intr<br> 3) (kozappattule iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confused, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> mistake one thing for the other<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I got confused by the currency exchange rate and spent too much money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozambu)</font> 3 intr <br> be involved or messy; be bewildered, bemused, puzzled, perplexed, baffled, mystified, nonplussed, muddled, dumbfounded, at sea, at a loss, taken aback, disoriented, disconcerted; (inf.) be flummoxed,<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne seyyaraduNNu teriyaame naangellaarum kozambi pooyirukkom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are all confused and don't know what to do</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>confute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maru)</font> 6 tr <br> refute, rebut; object; contradict; cf. also disprove, controvert, deny, belie, negate, invalidate, gainsay, explode, discredit, debunk, quash, (inf.:) shoot full of holes, shoot down<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa kuttaccaaTTungaLe amaiccar maruttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister confuted all allegations</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>congeal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 2b intr <br> coagulate, as blood; freeze; get hard<br> <br> <font size=+1>rattam kuLurule oreyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Blood congeals in the cold.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalliyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> form into a hard mass; harden<br> <br> <font size=+1>goonde veLile vaccaa kalliyaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you leave glue out for a while, it will congeal and harden.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oreye seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> solidify; coagulate; curdle; cause to become hard or thick; harden; make rigid or solid; clot, thicken, gel, cake, set<br> <br> <font size=+1>paale oreye senjaa tayir aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you congeal the milk you'll get yogurt</font><br> 1) (keeTTiyaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(are)</font> 2b intr <br> curdle; clot; coagulate; thicken<br> 1) (taTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>congest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukkaTi paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause crowding; affect with congestion; obstruct, block; make close, thick, compact<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>All the seasonal travellers at this time of year have congested our airports beyond belief</font><br> 1) (aTartti mirudiyaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>congratulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazttu sollu @(Nc intr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> compliment, give o's good wishes, felicitate; express pleasure at the happiness or good fortune of<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu kaTshittalaivarukku ellaarum vaazttu sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone congratulated the new party leader</font><br> 1) (vaazttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conjecture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> guess; suppose; think; calculate; reckon<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enna eNNikkiTTu irukkaanNNu enakku teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I (don't know for sure, but) can conjecture what he is thinking about</font><br> 1) (utteesi) 6b tr<br> 2) (arumaani) 6b tr<br> 3) (eNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conjugate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viNai vikarpam kuuru (??))</font> 3c intr <br> give the subsets (principal parts, paradigm) of a verb<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Please conjugate the principal parts of the verb "find".</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conjure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manTraaTikkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> call upon (a spirit) to appear by means of a magic ritual; cause to appear as if by magic; call to the mind<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They hoped to conjure up the spirit of their dead relative</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (maayavitte seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>connect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sambandappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> associate in mind, make a mental association; come to an understanding or agreement<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onga poNNeyum pakkattu viiTTu paiyaneyum sambandappaTutti eedaavadu terinjikka muTiyudaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Are you at all aware of the fact that your daughter and the boy next door are connected in some way?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moruttavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> juxtapose, join<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu endirangaLeyum oNNaa porutta vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Please connect these two engines together</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>connected, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> be affiliated, involved with; be attached to, deeply involved in, as a movement, political party, religion, etc.<br> . . . <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa aNNan ti.mu.ka.ve seendavan</font><br> <font size=+1>My older brother is well connected within the DMK political party</font><br> 1) (saaru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saaru)</font> 2 intr <br> be attached to; be linked to, affiliated with or associated with; have some dealings with<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediriye saandavanga yaaraa irundaalum tookkaTippeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will defeat anyone who is connected with or related to the enemy</font><br> 1) (seeru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> be attached to; be linked with; be hooked up<br> <br> <font size=+1>tolepeesi ozungaa porundi irukkaaNNu saripaarunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Check to see whether the telephone has been connected properly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>connive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maramohamaa aadaravu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> support or encourage secretly; conspire to do s.t. unlawful or harmful; collaborate, collude, be in collusion (with), intrigue, plot, scheme, be a party to, be an accessory to<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadingaLukku maramohamaa aadaravu kuTukkravanga yaaruNNu kaNTupiTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to discover who is conniving with the terrorists</font><br> 1) (oTandeyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTandeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> abet; be an accomplice (to/with)<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTangaLukku uL aaLungadaan yaaroo oTandeyaa irundirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some insider has connived with the thieves</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>connote</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruLpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> signify; imply; indicate; cf. also suggest, indicate, hint at, give the impression of, smack of, be associated with, allude to<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The word 'fulsome' used to mean 'foul' but now it connotes something like 'complimentary or flattering to an excessive degree'</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conquer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(jeyi @rb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> win, carry the day; defeat, overwhelm, crush<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediriye jeyiccu vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Conquer the enemy and return</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consecrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(punidamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make sacred or holy; set apart for sacred use; sanctify, bless<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiirttam teLiccu saastriha viiTTe punidamaakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The priest consecrated the house by sprinkling holy water</font><br> 1) (pradirshTe seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sammadi)</font> 2 intr <br> agree; assent; give permission or state agreement<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu saTTattukku saTTasabe uruppinarunga ellaarum sammadikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>The house members did not consent to the new law</font><br> 1) (eNangu) 3 intr<br> 2) (oppu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oppudalaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> permit; approve; agree; say, state o's agreement orally; cf. also accept, approve, go along with, acquiesce in/to, accede to, concede to, yield to, give in to, submit to, comply with, abide by, conc<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaNavanga ellaarum oppudaLikkaleNNa vaadyaaraale pariikshe teediye maattamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher can't change the exam date unless all students consent to it</font><br> 1) (sammadi) 6b intr<br> 2) (sariNNu sollu) 3c intr<br> 3) (eNangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conserve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadukaaval seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> protect; preserve; keep in protection; practice conservation<br> <br> <font size=+1>suttupurattooTa paadukaaval seyyradu ovvoru kuTimahanooTa kaTameyaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It is the duty of every citizen to protect the environment and conserve resources</font><br> 1) (peeNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consider</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> weigh, think about the possibility of; fix, decide, designate, say, apportion; look at all sides of an issue<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu toNeveendar padavikki avarooTa peere kurippiTTu solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>His name is being considered for the Vice-Chancellorship of the University</font><br> 1) (siirtuukki paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sindiccuppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> think carefully; reflect; contemplate; deliberate; cf. also ponder, muse, meditate, reflect, cogitate, ruminate, brood, excogitate.<br> <br> <font size=+1>un kuTumba nalane patti konjam sindiccuppaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Consider the status of your family, too</font><br> 1) (eNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (teeru) 3 tr<br> 3) (pahuttu paaru) 6 tr<br> 4) (ooru) 6 tr<br> 5) (eNNi paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) (~ b~+) </B> <font size=+1>((@vb@+)laamNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> consider doing `verb'; think about doing `verb'; feel like doing `verb ';<br> <br> <font size=+1>adukkappuram male pakkam pookalaamNNu irukkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Afterwards, I'm considering going to the mountains.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccu paaru)</font> 6b tr <br> think; call to mind; recall<br> <br> <font size=+1>en mahanooTa veTriye neneccuppaattaa enakku perumidamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I feel proud when I consider my son's success</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sindi)</font> 6b tr <br> think over carefully; deliberate upon; weigh all sides of an issue<br> <br> <font size=+1>edaa irundaalum sindiccu muTivu seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Consider things carefully before deciding on anything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> entrust; hand over; commit to, turn over to<br> <br> <font size=+1>urimeyaaLarkiTTedaan inda paNatte oppaTeppeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will consign this money only to the owner</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consist of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> have as constituents; be made up of<br> <font size=+1>That temple complex consists of the temple itself plus a beautiful park-like natural environment</font><br> 1) (koNTiru) 7 intr<br> 2) (iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consistent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porundiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be harmonious or compatible; consist with, be in agreement with<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>What he said earlier about his whereabouts isn't consistent with his later statement</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>console</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teerudal sollu @(Nb tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> express words of solace or comfort; appease, comfort, cool, refresh, mitigate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We tried to console him, but he was inconsolable</font><br> 1) (aattuvi) 6b tr<br> 2) (aattu) 3 tr<br> 3) (salippu ara vayyi) 6b tr<br> 4) (salippaattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teettu)</font> 3 tr <br> comfort; give solace to: cf. also condole with, sympathize with, commiserate with, show compassion for; help, support, cheer (up), hearten, encourage, reassure, soothe.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan manasa teetta avaLaaledaan muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Only she can console him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aarudalaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> give comfort or solace; provide consolation<br> <br> <font size=+1>baadikkapaTTavangaLukku sangattalaivaru aarudalaLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The club president consoled the persons affected</font><br> 1) (aarudal kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consolidate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> merge s.t.; bring different parts together; make one thing out of many<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to consolidate our gains, and minimize our losses</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (oNNu seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) (oNNaa eNe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNukku)</font> 3 tr <br> unite into one<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the French Revolution, they consolidated some of the former administrative units and merged them into a new structure</font><br> 1) (bala-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarpu koNTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> associate with; be in contact with; hang out with<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadiyoTa toTarbu veccirunda ellaarum piTikkapaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All parties who were consorting with the terrorists were caught</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conspire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzipari)</font> 6b tr <br> plot against; make secret plans jointly to commit an unlawful or harmful act; scheme, intrigue, machinate, collude, connive, collaborate, work hand in glove; (inf.) be in cahoots<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne eduttu kuzipariccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He conspired against me.</font><br> 1) (tandram seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> 2) (sadiseyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 re<br> 3) (rahasyamaa tiTTamiTu) 4 tr<br> 4) (suuzcci seyyi @(nb intr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>constipate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malaccikkal uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause constipation; confine or cause blockage in the bowels<br> <br> <font size=+1>ozungaa sappiTaama irundadu malaccikkale uNTaakkiyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Eating improperly caused me to become constipated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>constitute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> establish; form; set up by authority; amount to, add up to, account for, form, make up, compose, comprise<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The countries that constitute the European Union speak many different languages</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> set up, form; make up; compose<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vibatte patti visaarikka arasu oru pudu kuzuve uruvaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government constituted a new team to investigate this accident</font><br> 1) (ame) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>constrain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> restrain; repress; control<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma aasehaLe kaTTuppaTutte kattukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should learn to constrain and control our desires</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sireyle aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> imprison; confine, lock up; severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of; compel or force s.o. to follow a particular course of action <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His mental state was such that he had to be constrained</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (kaTTaayappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> force; compel; control, severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of: compel, coerce, drive, impel, oblige, press, pressure, urge, railroad, hustle<br> g . <br> <font size=+1>avane kaTTipooTaleNNaa mattavangaLe tunburuttuvaan. </font><br> <font size=+1>He has to be constrained, or he'll hurt other people. </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>constrict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(irukku)</font> 3 tr <br> compress; tighten; make smaller; make or become narrower, especially by encircling pressure; contract, squeeze, strangle, strangulate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Because his blood vessels are constricted, he has a tendency to have heart attacks</font><br> 1) (surukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>construct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> build; put or fit together; make; form; devise; create<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu periya kaTTaTam kaTTa nereya maasangaLaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take many months to construct such a building</font><br> 1) (uruvaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>construe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruLkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> show or explain the meaning; invest with a particular meaning; infer, deduce, conclude from<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It depends on how you construe his actions--did he do the deed willingly, or not?</font><br> 1) (uyttuNar) ??<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consult</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arivure keeLu)</font> 4 tr <br> seek advice (from), ask, take counsel from, call on/upon, speak to, turn to, have recourse to; (inf.) pick s.o.'s brains<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavanga kiTTe arivure keeTTaalum muTivu tannooTa muTivaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Though one may consult others for their advice, the final decision should be one's own</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tahaval teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> seek information in a book, newspaper, the internet, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTuveTippu patti tahaval teeTinaalum keTekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I consulted the media for news of the bomb blast but couldn't find any</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaloosi)</font> 6b tr <br> confer; deliberate; talk s.t. over; discuss s.t. with; turn to; look up a person, a book, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kuuTTaalihaLooTa aalosiccu en muTive ungaLukku terivikkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will consult with my partners and then inform you of my decision</font><br> 1) (paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consume</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizungu)</font> 3 tr <br> swallow up, devour, eat up, gobble up; (inf.) scarf up<br> <br> <font size=+1>maane paambu oree muuccule vizungiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The snake consumed the deer in one gulp</font><br> 1) (kuTi) 6b tr<br> 2) (tiiru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drink (liquids); eat (solids)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He had consumed a lot of food and drink, and got sleepy</font><br> 1) (uTkoo ~(sh tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consummate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puurtti seyyi @nb@)</font> 1 tr <br> bring to completion or perfection; complete; make perfect; conclude, finish, accomplish, achieve; execute, carry out, perform; (inf.) sew up, wrap up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He consummated his life's work by designing a magnificant bridge over the Thames</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLLu @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hold; have capacity for; be able to contain or hold<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu oru pauNTu koLLum</font><br> <font size=+1>This will hold or contain a pound of s.t.; this has the capacity of one pound</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> keep or bring under control; restrain, damp down<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiyooTa aakrooshatte engaLaale aTakkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>We were not able to contain the rage of the fire</font><br> 1) (kiTTiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contained, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be included in; be entered in; comprise, take in, incorporate, involve, encompass, embrace; consist of, be made up of, be composed of; be incorporated; be restrained or kept under control <br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTTiyalle kaNNadaasan peerum aTangiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Kannadasan's name is also contained in this list</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contaminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make impure; defile, pollute, foul; spoil; fill with rubbish<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa frenTsellaam avan manase keTuttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>His friends contaminated his mind</font><br> 1) (asuttam aakku) 3 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (tottikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tottu)</font> ?? <br> infect; render impure or harmful<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vyaadi mattavangaLukku tottikkoLLara vaayppu adiham</font><br> <font size=+1>There is a high chance that this disease will contaminate others too</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make dirty; besmear with grime, dirt, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiye alambaama saappaaTTe toTTu ade azukkupaTuttaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't contaminate the food with your dirty hands</font><br> 1) (asuttappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contaminated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naasamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be impure, be polluted, unclean, infected, fouled<br> <br> <font size=+1>sunaamiyile kaTaloorappahudigaLLe kuTiniirellaam naasamaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The drinking water in coastal areas got contaminated because of the tsunami</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contemplate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> think carefully; reflect; consider the possibility of s.t.; think or plan carefully about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava nelameye eNNippaakkavee bayamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I get frightened just contemplating her situation</font><br> 1) (yoosi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aazndu nookku)</font> 3 tr <br> look or think deeply; observe; view, regard, examine, inspect, observe, survey, scrutinize, scan, stare at, gaze at, eye.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aazndu nookki paattaa enda praccanekkum tiirvu kaaNalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If one contemplates the situation deeply enough, a solution can be found to every problem</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contemptuous, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eLakkaaramaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> show contempt, be scornful or condescending; be insolent, arrogant; look down upon<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>eezenganaa onakku eLakkaaramaa irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Have you grown contemptuous of the poor?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ediru)</font> 6 tr <br> oppose; take on, combat<br> <br> <font size=+1>enge uur bayilvaane edittu nikka yaarukkum dairiyamille</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody has the courage to contend with our town's strongman</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eduttu vaadaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> counter-argue; argue against; deal with; offer a defense against<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>niidimanrattule arasu vakkiile eduttu vaadaaTa yaar irukkaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who can contend with the counter-arguements of a government lawyer?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>content(ed), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be happy; feel pleasure<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>veyille maze peyrade paattu sandooshapaTaama irukkamuTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Would anyone not be content to see it rain on a hot day?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>content(ed), be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(truptiyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be pleased or satisfied; experience pleasure or contentment<br> <br> <font size=+1>laTTu keTecca oTane en tangecci trupti aTenjuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My sister was contented, once she got the laddoo</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirvazakkaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> contest in a court of law; dispute<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttam saaTTappaTTavaru tiruTalengra vaadattukku en vakkiil edirvazakkaaTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My lawyer will contest the claim that the accused did not steal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>continue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be prolonged, extended; go on (and on); persist in an activity or process; remain in existence, operation, or a specified state<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kade muTiyaama niiTikkiTTee poohudee</font><br> <font size=+1>This story is not only not ending, it's still continuing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTar)</font> 2 tr, intr <br> go on; keep on; extend, persist, resume after interruption<br> <br> <font size=+1>innum naalu naaLukku balatta maze toTarumNu arivikkappaTTurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It has been announced that heavy rains will continue for the next four days</font><br> 1) (toTarndu seyyi@(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandu iru)</font> 2 intr <br> stay or remain in a place or condition<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattu varushamaa oree eTattule toTandu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have continued to live in the same place for the last 10 years</font><br> 1) (toTarndu seyyi@(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urukkole)</font> 6b tr <br> put out of shape or form; skew, twist, distort; undergo contortion(s)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His car was so small you had to contort your body to get into it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(cuzi)</font> 6b tr <br> twist or screw up (o's face); twist, bend out of shape, distort, misshape, warp, buckle, deform; form into whirlpools (as a river, etc.); incurve<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't contort your features like that when I ask you to do something!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tottu)</font> 3 intr <br> acquire, as bad habits, diseases, punishments, wealth, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaTTuppahudiyile veele paakkumboodu avanukku maleeriyaa nooy tottikkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>He contracted malaria while working in the jungle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oppandam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> enter into a contract or agreement; conclude an arrangement; draw up a contract<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTukkaararooTa pudu oppandam senjaadaan inge inimee tangamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>We can contract to stay on here only if we sign a new lease with the landlord</font><br> 1) (oppandam senjukoo @(sh intr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contradict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edir maaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be contrary to; say the opposite of<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNavanum maneviyum neerukku edir maaraa irukkiingaLee</font><br> <font size=+1>The two of you, husband and wife, are totally contradicting each other</font><br> 1) (neer-maaru-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ediriTeyaa peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> dispute; challenge; speak against or in opposition to s.o. or s.t.; cf. also argue, disagree, have an altercation, altercate, clash, quarrel, wrangle, bicker, squabble.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan enna sonnaalum ediriTeyaavee peesaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't always contradict what I say</font><br> 1) (edittu peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contrast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maarupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be different; lack similarity; cf. also juxtapose, set side by side, distinguish, differentiate, discriminate.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>yaarukkaavadu maarupaTra karuttu irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Does anybody have a contrasting opinion?</font><br> 1) (vityaasam kaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veerupaTutti kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring out the differences or contrasts; compare<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiya araseyum paakistaan araseyum veerupaTutti kaaTTuNNu paariksheyle keeLvi irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>There was a question on the exam asking us to contrast the Indian and the Pakistani (forms of) government</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contribute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> give money, help, etc., along with others, to a public cause<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNNeyaar eezengaLukku daaraaLamaa paNam vazanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The landlord generously contributed money to the poor</font><br> 1) (aLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>contrive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTam tiiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> plan; scheme; devise; plot<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooTTile jeyikka oru arumeyaana tiTTam tiiTTiyirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have contrived a wonderful plan to win the competition</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tandiram paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a clever plan; manage to do s.t. in a clever or tricky way; cause to happen<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tandiram paNNi pooTTiyile enne tookkaTiccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He contrived a way to defeat me in the competition</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>control</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring under control; put down (as a riot, rebellion); bring s.o. to their knees; subjugate, restrain; chasten<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar anda sattamaana kozandeye aTakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher managed to get the screaming child under control</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 6b tr <br> relieve, allay, calm, pacify; bring into bounds<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa veehatte taNikkradu onnooTa veele</font><br> <font size=+1>It is your duty to try to control his speeding</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>convalesce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nalamperu)</font> 4 intr <br> get well or better; recuperate, recover, get back on o's feet<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii nalampera naanga ellaarum kaTavuLe veeNTikkroom</font><br> <font size=+1>All of us will pray to God for you to convalesce well</font><br> 1) (oTambu nalam peru) 4 intr<br> 2) (teeru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>convenient, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasadiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be comfortable or suitable; be handy, easy to reach or use<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalluuri pakkattuleeyee viiTu eTuttadu vasadiyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The house I have rented is near the college, so it's very convenient</font><br> 1) (taru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>converge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuviya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to meet in a point; direct at a single point; focus<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We used a laser to converge the rays, which then caused a fire</font><br> 1) (kuuTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conversant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be familiar with persons or things; be well-versed in or an expert on a subject<br> <br> <font size=+1>olaha vishayangaLe patti seeharukku nereya terinjirukkee</font><br> <font size=+1>Sekar is very conversant with world affairs, isn't he</font><br> 1) (pazakkamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>converse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> talk; speak; have a conversation; chat<br> <br> <font size=+1>peecce koreccu veeleyle gavanam seluttu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should converse less and pay more attention to your work</font><br> 1) (kolaavu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>convert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madam maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> adopt a new religion; become changed; transform, metamorphose, transfigure, transmute; change from one religion to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazkkeyle veruttu poona neerattule avan madam maara muTiveTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He decided to convert to a new religion when he became frustrated with (the way things were going in his) life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maattam eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring about a change or alteration; turn around; change the nature of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalluuri vaazkke en sindaneyile maattam eerpaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>College life converted my way of thinking</font><br> 1) (tiruppu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>converted, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meyyaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become actual, happen, come about, take effect, be reified<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaalattule vasadi uLLavanga solra poy kuuTa meyyaayiTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>These days the lies told by wealthy people get converted into truth</font><br> 1) (tirumbu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>convey</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> carry or take from one place to another; transmit, transport<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNappeTTingaLe aluvulahattilirundu viiTTukku koNTu poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Convey the money boxes from the office to the house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazittoNe poo @Nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> accompany; escort<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They conveyed the goods up to the border, and we then took over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>convict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttavaaLiNNu tiirppaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> prove or adjudge as guilty; find guilty<br> <br> <font size=+1>nirabaraadiye niidibadi kuttavaaLiNNu tiirppaLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge convicted the innocent man</font><br> 1) (kuttavaaLiNNu niruubi) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>convince</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to believe firmly in the truth of s.t.; persuade to do s.t.; make certain, satisfy, prove to; assure, put/set s.o.'s mind at rest<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaadyaar enne uukkapaTutti pariksha ezuda oppasenjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher encouraged me and convinced me to take the test</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nambavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.o. to believe or realize; persuade by proof or reasoning; make clear, clarify<br> <br> <font size=+1>naasukkaa peesi avan enne nambavecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He talked shrewdly, and managed to convince me</font><br> 1) (teLivi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>convulse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTituTikkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to shake in pain, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadinga peNakkaidingaLe tuTiduTikkaveccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists tortured the hostages and made them convulse with pain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(valippu uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause convulsions of the muscles<br> <br> <font size=+1>valippu uNTaakkum nooyooTa peyare ezudunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Write down the name of the disease that causes convulsions</font><br> 1) (odaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>convulsed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kulungu)</font> 3 intr <br> shake, as with laughter, grief or strong emotion; shake or shiver, as in illness, fever, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nageccuve naaTahatte paattu kulungi kulungi siricceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was convulsed with laughter as I watched the comedy skit</font><br> 1) (velavela) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) , </B> <font size=+1>(kolavu, kolaavu)</font> 3 intr <br> talk pleasantly or amorously; be intimate; make noises like a dove or pigeon<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa veele naTakkaNumNaa avan kolava aarambiccuTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When there's work that needs to get done, he'll start cooing and shmoozing</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> sound or cry like birds; call or shout<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuyil kuuvara sattam evvaLavu inimeyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The cooing of the turtledove is so melodious</font><br> 1) (konji kolavu) 3 intr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> 3) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cook</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(same)</font> 6b tr <br> prepare food by heating (usu. in water)<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku nalla samekka terinja poNNu veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I want to marry a woman who cooks well</font><br> 1) (avi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> prepare, as food<br> <br> <font size=+1>sooru aakka innum irubadu nimishangaLaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take 20 minutes more for the rice to cook</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veehavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> boil, stew, cook with water<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kuuTTe seyradukku modalle ellaa karihaayeyum aTuppule veehavekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>To make this stew, we first need to cook all the vegetables on the stove.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cook (books)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poykkaNakku ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> devise fake records, accounts, books, etc., keep false books,<br> <br> <font size=+1>poykaNakku ezudina kaNakkupiLLeye modalaaLi veeleniikkam senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The employer fired the accountant who cooked the books</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cook by steaming</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puzungu)</font> 3 intr <br> expose to steam, esp, so as to cook<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>sooru puzungiyaaccaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is the rice cooked?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cook up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaar seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> prepare or fabricate s.t.; fake up (a story etc.)<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avale yaaroo kaTatti poonadaa kade tayaar senjiTTu oruvanooTa ooTi pooyiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She cooked up a story about how she'd been kidnapped, (but she actually) ran off with a guy.</font><br> 1) (kadeviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sameccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> whip up, throw together, cook in a hurry, as a meal; knock together<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>pattu nimisham porunga; saappaTu samecciTareen</font><br> <font size=+1>Give me ten minutes; I'll cook up a meal [I'll throw something together]</font><br> 1) (avasara avasaramaa tayaar paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cooking, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(camaiyalaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> undergo cooking; be cooked, be done cooking<br> <br> <font size=+1>samaiyal aanaadukkappuram ellaarum seendu saappiTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>All of us can eat together once the cooking is done</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> (idiomat.) be happening<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enna naTakkudu?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's cooking? What's happening? What's up?</font><br> 1) (naTatt-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cool</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLeppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> be refreshing; be refreshed after rest<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaLeppaara kuLimeyaana mooru irundaa kuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please give me some cold buttermilk if you have any; it'll be refreshing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLircciyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make cool, refrigerate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLirsaadanam areye kuLircciyaakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The air-conditioner will cool the room</font><br> 1) (suuTu taNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 6b tr <br> mitigate; lessen the ardor or temperature<br> <br> <font size=+1>veppatte taNiccadukkappuram kuTi</font><br> <font size=+1>Cool it, and then drink it</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aattu)</font> 3 tr <br> make less hot; make cool; reduce the temperature of s.t.; comfort, mollify, heal<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaappiye aatti suuTTe kore</font><br> <font size=+1>Cool the coffee somewhat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cool (down/off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be calmed or mollified or healed; be cooled<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaappi aarippooccu. veere kaappi kuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>This coffee has cooled off too much; please bring me another cup</font><br> 1) (aari poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cool down/off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> be pacified, soothed, calmed; become cool, simmer down, let up, ease off or up; attenuate<br> <br> <font size=+1>en meele avanukku irunda kaTungoobam ippadaan oru aLavukku taNinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He has finally cooled down somewhat, after being very angry at me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cool off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLircciyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> relax, become cool; become pleased<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahanooTa seyale paattu taayooTa manam kuLircciyaTenjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother cooled off after she saw what her son had done</font><br> 1) (taTinjuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aarvamiza)</font> 7 intr <br> lose interest or ardor; chill out<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaadyaarooTa kaNTippunaale paTippule naan aarvamizanduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>My interest in my studies cooled off, since my teacher was very strict</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cool off/down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLukuLuNNu niiraaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> reduce o's body temperature by bathing in cold water for refreshment<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttaalattule kuLukuLuNNu niiraaTare sohame taniNNu en ammaa aTikkaTi solvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother often used to say that there is no match to cooling off in the cold Courtallam waters</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cool, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLiraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be cold; be comforted or satisfied, become cool<br> <br> <font size=+1>mishigan maanilattule anju maasam romba kuLuraa irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is very cold in the state of Michigan for five months out of the year.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cool, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLir)</font> 2 intr <br> be comfortable, be satisfactory, pleasant<br> <br> <font size=+1>varavara inda maasam romba kuLurudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is gradually becoming very cool lately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>coop (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTule aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> put in a coop or cage, as hens, pigeons, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paraveye kuuTTule aTecci vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep the bird cooped up in the cage.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cope</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> contend on equal terms; deal with; manage to compete with<br> <br> <font size=+1>seekarooTa veehattukku iiTu kuTukkum aLavukku yaarumille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is no one who can cope with Shekar's speed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> manage successfully in the face of difficulties; handle s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda praccane vandaalum dairiyamaa samaaLi</font><br> <font size=+1>Use courage to cope with any difficulty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>copulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poNaru)</font> 2 tr <br> cohabit; have sexual intercourse<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaNum peNNum poNarvadunaale kozande uruvaahudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A child is born as a result of copulation between a man and a woman</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTaluravu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> have sexual intercourse<br> <br> <font size=+1>tahaada oTaluravu koLradu eedaavadu nooye uNTaakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Having indiscriminate sex can lead to the transmission of venereal diseases</font><br> 1) (kala) 7 tr<br> 2) (kuuTu) 3 intr<br> 3) (aNe) 2b intr<br> 4) (maruvu) 3 tr<br> 5) (pullu) 3 tr<br> 6) (poNaru) 2 tr<br> 7) (kala) 7 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>copy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappi aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> copy (from s.o.) in an exam; cheat; make an illegal or improper copy<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga kalluuriyile kaappi aTiccu piTipaTTaa oTanee niikkam senjuTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In our university, anybody who gets caught copying in an exam is expelled immediately</font><br> 1) (nahal-eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paattu ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> reproduce; copy, in an examination<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkatule irunda payyane paattu ezudinadaale maaTTikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got caught because I was copying from the student next to me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piradi eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make copies of; replicate, duplicate, make a facsimile of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pustahatte aayiram piradi eTukkalaamNu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am planning to make 1000 copies of this book</font><br> 1) (kaappi paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(peyarttezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> transcribe; write down word for word<br> !<br> <font size=+1>naan uruvaakkiya kadeye yaaroo oru iyakkunar peyarttezudi paTam aakkiTTaaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Some director copied my story and made a film out of it!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>copyright</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padippurime keTeccu)</font> 4 tr <br> secure or obtain a copyright; register the copyright<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTattooTa padippurime keTeccadukkapuramdaan ide tamizle paTam eTuppoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We will make this movie in Tamil only after copyrighting it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>core</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTe eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> remove the stones or seeds from a fruit<br> <br> <font size=+1>maambazattooTe koTTeye eTuttuTTu saappuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Core out the seed of the mango before eating it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cork</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(takkeyaale muuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop or fit with a cork<br> <br> <font size=+1>baaTTile takkeyaale muuTi vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Cork up the bottle</font><br> 1) (takkeyaale aTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>corn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uppiTTu pakkuvappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat with salt; preserve by sprinkling salt or immersing in brine<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaalattule miinhaLe uppiTTu pakkuvappaTuttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days they used to preserve fish and meat by "corning" it--sprinkling it with salt</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>corner</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> put in an awkward position; capture; drive a person into an uncomfortable position; prevent escape<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTe vaadatterameyinaale paNTitar yaare veNumNaalum maTakkiTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That scholar can corner anyone with his debating skills</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> buy up articles, commodities to create artificial demand<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried to corner the market in silver at one point</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>corpulent, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozuttuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become fat, overweight, obese<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppavum saappiTukkiTTe irundadaale avan kozuttuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He kept eating all the time and now he has become very corpulent</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>corral</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tozuvattle aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> confine animals in a pen, corral, stable, or enclosure; gather unruly people together, against their will<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaTTe tozuvattule aTe illeNNaa engeyaavadu ooTippooyiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Corral the goat in the pen or else it will run away</font><br> 1) (paTTiyle aTe) 6b tr<br> 2) (laayattule aTe) 6b tr<br> 3) (tozuvattle iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>correct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> alter, proofread, mark papers or examinations, revise manuscripts; mark papers or exams, value answer scripts<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa pudu pustahattukkaana pakkanga selade tirutti neettutaan accahattule kuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I corrected some of the pages of my new book just yesterday, and gave it to the printer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peze niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove the errors from; proofread<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>pattirikke aluvuhattulle seydiyile peze niikkara veele seyviyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Would you proofead the the errors in the newspaper and correct them?</font><br> 1) (siir-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> alter; make alterations, corrections, or improvements in<br> <br> <font size=+1>en badile tiruttam seyradukku munnaaTi pariikshe neeram muTinjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The exam time ended before I could correct my answers</font><br> 1) (peze tiruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>correlate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarpu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring a thing into relation with another; show the correlation of; link<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasiyale inda vishayattule toTarbu paTuttaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Do not try to correlate politics with this issue</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>correspond</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porundiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be suitable or fit; be alike; be in agreement or harmony with<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??niinga moda kaTidattule sonnadu reNTaavadu ezudina kaTidattule porundirukkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>What you said in your first letter doesn't correspond with what you said later</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTidattoTarpu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> communicate by mail, email, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??naanga reNTu peerum innum sandikkalle, aanaa nereya varushamaa kaTidattoTarpu koNTirundoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have never met, but we have corresponded by letter and email for years.</font><br> 1) (esenj-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>corrode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kare)</font> 6b tr <br> eat away; wear away by dissolving<br> ??`<br> <font size=+1>??taNNiyle irukkra uppellaam en vaNTiyooTa kiizpakkam kareccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The salty water corroded the underside of my car.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ariccu tiNNu)</font> 3c tr, 5c tr <br> eat away at, as acids and metal; wear away; impair; cause deterioration<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The acid in the chemicals corroded the container and ate right through the metal</font><br> 1) (ari) 6b tr<br> 2) (tiNNu @(Nc tr)@) 5c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>corrupt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> cause to be dishonest; debase; pervert; alter, as a language, for the worse<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nalladu seyyalleNNaalum nalladu seyyravangaLe keTukkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Even if you don't do any good, do not corrupt the people who are doing good!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(lanjam kuTuttu keTu)</font> 6 intr <br> cause to be disloyal by bribing, etc.; lead astray<br> <br> <font size=+1>neermeyaana adihaariye silabeer lanjam kuTuttu keTukka paattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people tried to corrupt the honest officer by giving him bribes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(velaha seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to turn away or aside; waylay; cause to deviate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>paNam kuTuttu anda bayilvaane pooTTilerundu velaha senjadu yaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who bribed and corrupted the bodybuilder and made him drop out of the competition?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>corrupt(ed), be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poreyooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be decadent, as of society or institutions; become fistulous, as in an ulcer;<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naaTu inda terameyillaada arasaangattunaale poreyooTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This country has become corrupted because of this incompetent and clueless government.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>corrupted, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become dishonest, bad, crooked, etc.; go astray, be ruined<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiyavangaLooTa seendu kaarttik keTTupooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Karthik has gotten corrupted from running around with bad people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cost</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veleyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be the price of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??ippavee indiyaavukku poonaa, kiTTataTTa reNTaayiram {\d d}aalar veleyaayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will cost you almost $2000 to travel to India right now.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(selavaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> require, in terms of time, energy, money, etc.; be costly, inefficient, time-consuming<br> !<br> <font size=+1>oree naaLle aayiram ruubaa selavaayiTuccee!</font><br> <font size=+1>A single day has cost me1000 rupees!</font><br> 1) (vele malivaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cost (s.t.) out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vele kaNakkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> estimate the cost of; work out the costs of s.t. in detail<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ede vaanginaalum vele kaNakkiTaama vaangamaaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He does not buy anything without costing it out first</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cost less</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vele korevaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be cheap or low in price; be reasonable in price, be inexpensive<br> <br> <font size=+1>vele korevaa irundadaale nereya takkaaLi vaangineen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since tomatoes cost less right now, I bought a lot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>costly, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vele adihamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be expensive<br> <br> <font size=+1>vele adihamaa irundaa vaangaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't buy it if it's too costly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cotton (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virumba aarambu)</font> 3 tr <br> begin to like; become fond of; get on well together; be friendly; agree; find enjoyable or agreeable<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa pazaha pazaha avaLe virumba aarambiccuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I cottoned to her after I got better acquainted with her</font><br> 1) (oNNiyiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>couch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(podi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to contain, as thought in words; phrase; express, word, say, state, utter, set forth, frame, style<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His ideas are often couched in elaborate metaphors.</font><br> 1) (keTattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cough</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(serumu)</font> 3 intr <br> cough (of animals); hem, haw<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(irumu)</font> 3 intr <br> expel air from the lungs with a sudden sharp sound; hack, hawk, bark, clear o's throat, hem<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu irumuriyee maattire saappTiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>You are coughing so much, have you taken any medicine?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karakara)</font> 6 intr <br> have a sore throat; be disposed to cough<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya vettale saappiTTadaale toNTe karakaraNNu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I have a cough from a sore throat because of chewing betel leaves</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cough (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cough spasmodically, as in whooping cough; cough up; disclose under compulsion; discharge smoke (of a volcano) eject, as lava, etc.; throw up or out, spew out; discharge poison, as a snake; eject (bl<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan irumbumpoodu rattam kakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He coughed up some blood</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>counsel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arivuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> give advice to; put s.t. in the right perspective to s.t.; expostulate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku naan avvaLavu arivuruttiyum avan maaravee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>He has not changed a bit, though I counseled him a lot.</font><br> 1) (arivure sollu @Nc tr@) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>count</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> number; add up; find out the total of<br> <br> <font size=+1>aayiram varekkum veehamaa eNNu paappoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Let me see whether you can count rapidly to 1000,</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>count on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambu)</font> 3 tr <br> rely on; believe in; expect; trust; be reliable<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avan sollrade nambamuTiyavee muTiyaadu!</font><br> <font size=+1>You can't count on a thing he says!</font><br> 1) (edir-paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>countenance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anumadi)</font> 6b tr <br> permit; agree; tolerate, approve, put up with, allow, endure, brook; (inf.) stand for<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maadiri edi(r)ppu naan anumadikka maaTTeen.</font><br> <font size=+1>I will not countenance this kind of opposition.</font><br> 1) (aadaravu kaaTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (uTanpaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>counter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppikkeeLu)</font> 4 tr <br> ask, in answer to, come back with, respond with; say or do s.t. in return<br> !<br> <font size=+1>en keeLviye enkiTTeyee tiruppikkeekkariyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>You're just countering with the same question I asked you!</font><br> 1) (tiruppu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taku)</font> 6 tr <br> parry; check; hinder<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to hit him and knock him down, but he countered my blow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>counteract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do or act against s.t. in order to reduce its force or neutralize it; work against s.t.; act in opposition to<br> <font size=+1>Our government doesn't think that we should deliberately intervene in the climate system to counteract global warming</font><br> 1) (taTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (ediriTeyaa seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>counterattack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edi(r)ttu taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> respond to one attack with another; fight back<br> <br> <font size=+1>poor toTutta naaTTe edittu taakkuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>If any country attacks us, we shall counterattack</font><br> 1) (tiruppittaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>counterbalance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saman seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> act as a counterbalance to; neutralize<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The immigration policy needs to be counterbalanced with a program to alleviate poverty</font><br> 1) (sama eTeyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>countercharge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edir kuttam saaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make an accusation in return; retort<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu tarappu vakkiil edir kuttam saaTTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The public prosecutor made countercharges to the allegations</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>counterfeit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLLa nooTTu tayaar seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make bogus currency; made in exact imitation of s.t. valuable with the intention to deceive or defraud; forge, fake, copy, reproduce, imitate, simulate, feign, falsify, sham<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaLLa nooTTu tayaar senjavangaLe pooliis kaidu senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police arrested those involved in counterfeiting currency</font><br> 1) (pooli tayaar seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>countermand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu kaTTaLeyaale taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> stop by a contrary order; issue a contrary or contradictory order<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge countermanded the order made by the president</font><br> 1) (maattu vattara viTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (maattukkaTTaLeyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>countersign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudi kaiyezuttu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> sign in confirmation or authentication<br> <br> <font size=+1>oppandattule urudi kaiyezuttu pooTa renTu peer irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Two persons are needed to countersign the agreement</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>courageous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNivaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bold or daring, be valiant<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiranNaa eppavum tuNivaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The warrior must always be courageous</font><br> 1) (dairiyamaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (viirangoo @(sh intr)@) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>court</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadali)</font> 6b tr <br> pay court to; woo; pursue, chase, run after, set one's cap for, pay suit to<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan kaadaliccavaLayee kalyaaNam senjukka pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to the marry the woman I courted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cover</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> place s.t. over or in front in order to protect, hide, etc.; screen; veil<br> <br> <font size=+1>torandu veccaa ii mokkumgradanaale inippe muuTi vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Cover the sweets or else flies will start landing on them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pottu)</font> 3 tr <br> shield (eyes) with the hand and fingers<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna pasanga kaNNe pottikkiTTu ooTi piTiccu veLayaaTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The little boys were playing, running and grabbing and covering their eyes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cover (a distance)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTa)</font> 7 tr <br> travel a certain distance; accomplish a task; complete a journey<br> <br> <font size=+1>balatta mazeyaale iNNekki pattu maildaan kaTakkamuTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We could cover only 10 miles today because of the heavy rains</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cover (o.s.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cover o.s. or a part of the body; wrap o.s. up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLir adihamaa irundaa kaade nallaa muuTikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Cover your ears if it gets too cold</font><br> 1) (kaviz) 6 tr<br> 2) (poottu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cover (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> close; hide<br> <br> <font size=+1>saadatte muuTi cei duusi vizundurappoodu</font><br> <font size=+1>Cover the rice or else dust may fall on it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cover o.s. (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poottukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> protect o.s. against cold etc. by use of blankets, clothing, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLir taangaama naan poottikiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't take the cold so I covered myself up</font><br> 1) (kambaLam viri) 6b tr<br> 2) (pottikkoo @sh tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cover up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mareccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cover up; hide thoroughly, as in a political scandal; shroud, swathe, envelop, cloak, blanket, cloud, veil, screen, conceal, hide, hush up<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kolevazakkule pala uNme ellaam marekkapaTTurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There are a lot of facts that were covered up in this murder case</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>covered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavindiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be overspread, as a cloud or tree<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??vaanam iruTTa meehamellaam kavindirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sky was covered with dark clouds</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTarndiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be covered, as with hair over the body; be hirsute, hairy, furry<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku oTambellaam muTi paTarndirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His body is covered with hair</font><br> 1) (serinjiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>covered, keep</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> keep s.t. a secret; keep closed or covered (up) for protection or concealment; remove from or keep out of sight, screen, cover; shut up<br> <br> <font size=+1>duusi vezaama irukka iTliye muuTivayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep the idlis covered so that no dust falls on them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>covet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> desire; wish (for); yearn for, crave, have o's heart set on, want, long for, hanker after/for, hunger after/for, thirst for.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaseppaTTa poruL keTekkaleNNaa koobappaTakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not get angry if you do not get what you coveted</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (aase-koo) 4 intr<br> 2) (virumbu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aase vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> desire wrongfully; long for s.t. that belongs to s.o. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavangaLukku urimeyaana poruLunga meele aase vekkradu tappu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is wrong to covet things that belong to others</font><br> 1) (veze) 2b tr<br> 2) (aaseppaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> frighten; threaten; intimidate; bully into submission<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaar meraTTalukkum naan anjamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will not be cowed by anyone's threats</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cower</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuunikkuruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> crouch in shame, misery, etc.; grovel<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele ezandadule selvaa avanooTu ruumle kuunikkuruhi poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Selva cowered in his room after losing his job</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> crouch in fear, cold, etc.; act helpless because of fear, demoralization<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayattule kozandenga ellaarum oTungi poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children were just cowering in fear</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe)</font> 6b tr <br> break; break into fissures or cracks; chop, cut, hew, lop, cleave, rend, rip, tear, slash, slit, splinter, snap<br> <br> <font size=+1>buugambattule kaTTaTanga ellaam oTenju vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The earthquake cracked and damaged the buildings</font><br> 2) (poLa) 7 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pori)</font> 2b intr <br> pop, as grains cooked in hot oil; explode<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When you fry certain grains in oil, the seeds crack open</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(neri)</font> 6b tr <br> crack, as the fingers or knuckles; break or snap (the neck)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? eppa paattaalum avan tannooTa veralellaam nericcikkiTTirukkaan, anda aaLu</font><br> <font size=+1>He has an annoying habit of cracking his knuckles all the time</font><br> 1) (peLa, poLa) 7 tr<br> 2) ~( )~ (neTTimuri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poLandupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become split<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When you eat crab or lobster it helps if the shelves have been cracked open for you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cracked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virisaluTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be structurally damaged, as a wall, a glass, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??nilanaTukkattin ?? poodu sovattule virical viTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The wall was cracked during the earthquake</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crackle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTasaTa)</font> 6 intr <br> make crackling sounds, as dry sticks on fire, or when stepped on<br> <br> <font size=+1>neruppule kaanja elenga saTasaTaNNu erinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dried leaves crackled and burned in the fire</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (kelunga seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kilukki)</font> 3 tr <br> rattle; break s.t. brittle; sizzle, fizz, hiss, snap, sputter<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The fire suddenly crackled and sparks shot out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cradle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTTille pooTTu)</font> 4 tr <br> hold in the arms gently; place in a cradle<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandeye toTTille pooTTu tuungavayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Cradle the child and rock it to sleep</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>craft</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyaale seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> form by hand; design and build; construct<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu kaiyaale senja bommengradunaale vele adiham</font><br> <font size=+1>Since this is a hand-crafted doll, the price is rather high</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cram</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nere)</font> 6b tr <br> fill up; fill to bursting; stuff; pack, jam, fill to overflowing, fill to the brim, overload; crowd, throng, overcrowd<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avan saamaanellaam summaa peTTiyle nerenjiTTu, pooyTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just crammed all his stuff into his bags and left</font><br> 1) (tini) 6b tr<br> 2) (nerappu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manappaaTam paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> memorize s.t., such as long lessons, songs etc., esp. before exams; attempt to master material at the last moment before a deadline; commit to memory in haste for the examination<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTee naaLLe inda puttaham ellaatteyum manappaaTam paNNi pariTceye ezudi paas paNNiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>For two days I crammed everything that was in the book, and managed to pass the exam</font><br> 1) (uruppooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (manappaaTam seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(turuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> eat excessively or greedily; gobble, bolt; stuff in or fill up; (inf.) pig out<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was just cramming food down his throat, like a pig</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cramp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be affected with muscular cramps, as the hand, back, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu aaTiya aaTTattule kaal piTiccuTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My leg got all cramped after the dance yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukku)</font> 3 tr <br> press hard; push down and turn; squeeze;<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to cramp hard to the left to make it turn</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be affected with cramps, as the hand, back, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>My back got all cramped from the strain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taTeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hamper; hinder, interfere with; make s.t. difficult for s.o.; (inf.) mess s.o. up<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga enne taTeppaTTutturiinga!</font><br> <font size=+1>You're cramping my style!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cramped, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukkamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be crammed; be closely set together; be difficult to read (of handwriting)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ezuttu nerukkamaa irukkradunaale ennaale sariyaa paTikkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the letters are cramped together, I'm not able to read it properly</font><br> 1) (veTaveTa) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crane</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazutte niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stretch out the neck; extend a limb beyond the usual reach<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTTaham kuuNuleendu kazutte niiTTi eTTi paattudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The giraffe craned its neck out of its cage and looked around</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crank</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to rotate by turning; turn a crankshaft or handle, especially in order to start an engine; start, turn (over), get going; (inf.) rev up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This car is so old you need to crank it to start it</font><br> 1) (sozatti-iTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sozattu) 3 tr<br> 3) (suttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crank up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?? ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> start s.t. up; increase the velocity or speed of s.t.; apply energy to s.t. that has been quiet or moribund4<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to crank up some energy here and get this thing moving again.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moodu)</font> 3 tr <br> strike or dash against; knock into; smash against; hit or collide with, as cars in a street; be involved in a collision; clash; conflict; smash; collide violently with an obstacle or another vehicle<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTe vaNTiye marattu meele moodinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He crashed his car into the tree.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 2b intr <br> break down, as a branch or tree<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyalle marattooTa keLenga murinju vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The branches of the tree broke and crashed down in the storm</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaviz)</font> 2 intr <br> (of business) fail, go under, go bankrupt<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??vyaabaaram kavi(z)nduTra abaayam irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There is a danger that the enterprise might crash</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuunga poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (inf.) fall asleep, pass out from exhaustion<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaLeccu poonadaale tuunga pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am so tired I may just crash</font><br> 1) (saanju vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(poodu)</font> 3 tr <br> hit or strike against s.t.; collide with<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??vaNTi paalatte poodiLLu aattule vizunduTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>The car crashed into the bridge and then fell into the river</font><br> 1) (iTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> long for; desire strongly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Sometimes pregnant women crave sweets or have cravings for strange foods in the middle of the night</font><br> 1) (naaTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crawl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nahar)</font> 2 intr <br> move slowly; move at a snail's pace; cf. also creep, go on all fours, move on hands and knees, inch (forward), drag/pull o.s. along, drag, slither, squirm, wriggle, writhe, worm o's way (in/along)<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi romba meduvaa nahanduTTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This car is just crawling at a snail's pace</font><br> 1) (tavazu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaz)</font> 2 intr <br> move on all fours, as a baby<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande tareyle tava(z)ndu veLayaaTiTTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The baby is crawling around on the floor, playing</font><br> 1) (uuru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(noze)</font> 2b intr <br> creep in; move in with difficulty; sneak in, inch or worm o's way in<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna eTaveLi irundaakuuTa puucci uLLe nozenjiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Bugs will come creeping in even if there is just a small gap</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crazy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veripiTicciru)</font> 4 intr <br> be dangerous; be beside o.s. with despair; be as if crazy<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>sundar een veripiTiccavanpoola irukkaan?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is Sundar acting so crazy?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crazy, be/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paittiyamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make insane; drive s.o. crazy; cf. also drive s.o. out of o's mind; make s.o. deranged or demented, be not in o's right mind, be crazed or lunatic, be/come unhinged. (Inf.:) be bonkers, nuts, gaga<br> <br> <font size=+1>adee vishayatte solli solli enna paittiyamaakkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't drive me crazy by saying the same thing over and over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>creak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiriicciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make a creaking sound; squeak<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The floor creaked as we walked across it</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTz) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cream</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeTukaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> form (a) cream (of); make s.t. creamy or have the consistency of cream<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In recipe books they tell you to 'cream' butter by beating it until it's smooth and fluffy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cream (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaleeTu piricceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> skim milk; separate the cream from the milk; take the best of s.t., leaving the dregs behind<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku paaleeTu piTikkaadungradanaala naan paaleeTu piricceTuttukkiTTu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since she does not like cream, I am creaming it off from the milk</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTi)</font> 6b tr <br> fold in such a way that sharp creases arise in the cloth; apply hot irons to create creases<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Iron the pants so that you crease them sharply</font><br> 1) (maTippu uNTaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kasangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be or get wrinkled; crumple; be crinkled or crunchy<br> <br> <font size=+1>toocca tuNinga ellaam kasangiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the freshly washed clothes have gotten creased</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>create</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> bring into being/existence, give birth/life to, procreate, father, sire, beget, spawn, cause to appear<br> <br> <font size=+1>olahatte yaar tooNa senjaangangradu kashTamaana keeLvi</font><br> <font size=+1>The question of who created the world is a tough one to answer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toottuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to appear, bring into existence; give form to, inaugurate; give birth/life to s.t., procreate, beget, spawn.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizaka arasu tamizukkaaka oru pudu toreye toottuviccirukkradu paaraaTTukkuriyadu daan</font><br> <font size=+1>It is commendable that the government of Tamilnadu has created a separate new department just for Tamil</font><br> 1) (paTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> give shape to; embody; make<br> <br> <font size=+1>eraivan nammaLe uruvaakkinaaru appaTingaradu pala madangaLooTa nambikke</font><br> <font size=+1>It is the belief of several religions that god created us all.</font><br> 1) (eyattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTe)</font> 6b tr <br> make; create; bring into existence, engender, bring about<br> <br> <font size=+1>iyarke paTeccadule maze mukkyamaana oNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>Rain is one important phenomenon created by nature.</font><br> 1) (uNT-aakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (uNTaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make; prepare, as food<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>That chef has created some delicious concoctions for us to enjoy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(pora)</font> 6 tr <br> bring into existence; create, as the world, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>prabanjattule naTanda periya veTippudaan inda olahatte porakka vaccidaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Was it the 'big bang' that created the universe?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>created, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be formed or produced; originate; be born; become pregnant (of women)<br> <br> <font size=+1>paakistaan indiyaavooTa sodandare varushattule uNTaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Pakistan was created in the year of India's independence.</font><br> 1) (paTekkapperu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>credit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varvuve)</font> 6b tr <br> enter on the credit side of an account<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We will credit the remainder to your account</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nambikke vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put confidence in; have faith in; give s.o. credit for s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We credit him with bringing about a gradual improvement in performance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>creep</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nahandu tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> move about by creeping; crawl; move stealthily<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Cats love to creep around in the dark</font><br> 1) (puhu) 2, 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cringe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kenju)</font> 3 tr <br> beg; fawn upon; grovel at feet of; be obsequious toward; cf. also abase o.s., humble o.s., kowtow, bow and scrape, kneel before, fall on o's knees, prostrate o.s., fawn (upon), curry favor<br> ; .<br> <font size=+1>kenjaa minjuvaan; minjaa, kenjuvaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>As the saying goes, if you cringe, he'll be overbearing; and if you're overbearing, he'll be the one cringing.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anji oTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> bend down or move back with fear or obsequiousness<br> <br> <font size=+1>puliye paattu naan anji oTungiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I cringed in fear when I saw the tiger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crinkle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakala)</font> 6 intr <br> rustle, as leaves; murmur, as brooks<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The paper is so crisp it makes a crinkling sound when you open it</font><br> 1) (nalungu) 3 intr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cripple</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moTamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make lame; disable, incapacitate, debilitate, impair, damage, hamstring, maim, weaken, enfeeble, paralyze. cause trauma to<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayilvibattu enne moTamaakkiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The train accident crippled me</font><br> 1) (noNTi aakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (noNTiyaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crisp(y), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(morumoruppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> firm, dry, and brittle, especially in a way considered pleasing (of dosa, vada, potato chips, etc.); hard but brittle. firm and fresh (as lettuce)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTe doose morumoruppaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The dosa in this shop is nice and crispy</font><br> 1) (murulaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (norunoru) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>criticize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam kaaN)</font> 5 tr <br> find fault; censure; cf. also find fault with, censure, denounce, blame, condemn, pick holes in, disapprove of, disparage, carp at, cavil at, excoriate, upbraid, reprimand, scold<br> ?? !<br> <font size=+1>??avan enna senjaalum nii kuttam kaNTukiTTeeyirukkiingaLee!</font><br> <font size=+1>All you do is criticize everything he does!</font><br> 1) (kore sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vimarsanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> discuss the faults and merits of; comment upon; review;<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappukkaLe vimarsanam seyyaradu pattirikkehaLooTa urime</font><br> <font size=+1>It is the right of the press to criticize faults and mistakes</font><br> 1) (vimarsi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>croak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> make noise; cry; caw; shout<br> <br> <font size=+1>pasiyila kaakkaa kattudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The crow is croaking in hunger</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crochet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnu)</font> 3? tr <br> form by twisting, intertwining or interlacing<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paiye pinna enakku reNTu maasamaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It took me two months to crochet this bag.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crook</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kokkiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bend into shape of a hook or crook<br> <br> <font size=+1>kambiye vaLeccu kokkiyaakki maaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Crook the wire into the shape of a hook and hang it (on the wall)</font><br> 1) (veLe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crooked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neLi)</font> 2b intr <br> be bent or twisted; fidget or wriggle; writhe;<br> <br> <font size=+1>saavi neLinjupoonadaale viiTTukadave torakkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the key became crooked, I'm not able to open the door of the house</font><br> 1) (vaLe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aru)</font> 6 tr <br> cut off the head or top of plants, grass, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaanjupoona keLehaLe aruttuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Crop off the branches that have dried up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut; cut short (hair)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When you go into the army the first thing they do is crop your hair!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crop up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moLe)</font> 6b intr <br> appear or arrive unexpectedly or suddenly; grow; pop up; appear on the scene<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>anda maadiri kashTam eppa modal modalaa moLeccadu?</font><br> <font size=+1>When did that sort of problem start cropping up?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moLeviTu)</font> 3 intr <br> protrude from the surrounding soil, esp., weeds; appear, grow out or up<br> <br> <font size=+1>marattu veere sutti romba pullu musumusuNNu moLevuTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>A a lot of grass has cropped up near the roots of the tree</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cross</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mari)</font> 6b tr <br> obstruct; hinder; oppose; be against, object to, be hostile to, be in opposition to, disagree with, disapprove of; resist, take a stand against, put up a fight against, stand up to, fight, challenge<br> ; , !<br> <font size=+1>avare marikkaveeNTaam; illeeNNaa, avaru ongaLe norukki taLLuvaar!</font><br> <font size=+1>You don't want to cross him, or he'll get back at you somehow!</font><br> 1) (kaTandu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cross (arms)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi kaTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cross o's arms<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNNeyaar munnaale kai kaTTikkiTTu iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Cross your arms in front of the landlord</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cross (legs)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalmeele kaalpooTTukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> cross o's legs<br> d <br> <font size=+1>periyavanga munnaaTi kaalmeele kaalpooTTuTTu okkaaralakuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not cross your legs when you sit before elders</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cross (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> skip over; go over; leap over; traverse<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nadiye taaNTi poonaa veere oru graamam varum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you cross this river, you'll come to a different village</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cross (paths)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandi)</font> 6b tr <br> meet and pass (persons, etc. on the way); encounter s.o. at a crossroads; meet accidentally<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalluurikki poora vaziyile en atteye sandicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I crossed paths with my aunt on my way to my college</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cross out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cancel or strike out; draw a line through a word or figure; invalidate a stamp; strike off, score out (as an entry on a list)<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar maaNavanooTe viTengaLe ellaam aTiccu viTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher crossed out all of the student's answers.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cross-examine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukku visaaraNe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> examine a witness for the opposing side; question closely<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasudarappu vakkiil saaTshiyangaLe kaTumeyaa kurukku visaaraNe senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The public prosecutor cross-examined the witnesses thoroughly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cross-question</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukku keeLvi keeLu)</font> 4 intr <br> (judic.) cross-examine; question closely<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTTimanTabattule enne peesaviTaama kurukku keeLvi keeTTuTTee irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They kept cross-questioning me and did not allow me to talk during the debate</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crossbreed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(inakkalappu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> mix the breeds of; hybridize, create hybrids<br> <br> <font size=+1>inakalappu senju veehamaa vaLarra payirhaLe vinjnjaaninga kaNTupiTiccirukaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Through crossbreeding, scientists have discovered a new crop that grows very rapidly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crouch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neLinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> bend down, hunker down, become twisted or bent; stoop down<br> , , <br> <font size=+1>anda kuruhalaana vaziyaa poovum poodu vaLanju, neLinju, kuninju poohaNumNNu asiriyar sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>If you go that way you'll have to crouch down and crawl on all fours, the teacher said.</font><br> 1) (vaLenjuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padungu)</font> 3 intr <br> bend close to the ground in order to spring; hide in ambush; lurk<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediri kaaTTule engeyoo padungikkiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The enemy is hiding in ambush, crouched somewhere in the jungle</font><br> 1) (kuni) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crowd (around)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kumbal kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> gather in a crowd; assemble; meet, associate; hang out<br> <br> <font size=+1>vibattu eerpaTTa eTattule kumbal kuuTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There is a crowd gathered at the scene of the accident</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crowded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerambiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full; be packed, jammed; be plentiful; be overflowing<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinimaa koTTaay okkaara eTamillaama nerambiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The movie theater is crowded, and there's no place to sit</font><br> 1) (neranjiru) 7 intr<br> 2) (maNTu) 3 intr<br> 3) (nerungiyiru) 7 intr<br> 4) (tiNungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crown</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi suuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put a crown on; coronate<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLekki mannar eLavarasare muTi suuTTuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The king will crown the prince tomorrow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put (flowers, wreaths, etc.) on the head or hair<br> <br> <font size=+1>taleyile puu suuTTiTTu selvi azahaa irundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Selvi looked beautiful after crowning her hair with flowers</font><br> 1) (puu suuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crowned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> adorn o.s.; put (flowers, etc.) on the hair; put (crown, wreath, etc.) on the head; be at the top of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ella selengaLukkum malliheppuu suuTappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the statues were crowned with wreaths of jasmine</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crucify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siluveyle are)</font> 2b tr <br> put to death by nailing on a cross; execute by crucifixion<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>yeesunaadar yaaraale siluveyile arekkappaTTaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who is responsible for crucifying Jesus Christ?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTi peecu)</font> 3 tr <br> (fig.) criticize, blame or condemn in a devastating fashion; make a scapegoat of<br> <br> <font size=+1>un mahankiTTe tiTTi peesaama anbaa peesi paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Try talking to your son with affection instead of crucifying him in your usual way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasakku)</font> 3 tr <br> mollify s.t. stiff; make soft; rumple; crunch, break or fall apart into small fragments; break up, fragment; crumple; pound to pieces or to powder; destroy<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya pustahattooTa pakkangaLe kasakkinaa norungi tuuL tuuLaa poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you crumble the pages of an old book, they will fall to pieces</font><br> 1) (norukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 2b intr <br> fall to pieces, as a house; decay; disintegrate, as a wall; , fall apart, fall down, break up, collapse, fragment; fall into decay, deteriorate, degenerate, go to rack and ruin, decompose, rot, mou<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??kaTesiyle anga viiTTukku pinnaale irukkra sovaru summaa aTinjuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>After a while that old wall behind our house just crumbled and fell to pieces</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(udiru)</font> 2 intr <br> fall to dust; disintegrate; dry up and wither away<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaTina puunga ava taleyilirundu udindudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dried flowers on her head crumbled and turned to dust</font><br> 1) (maTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crumple</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukkam vizacceyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to wrinkle (clothes, etc.)<br> !<br> <font size=+1>surukkam vizaramaadiri saTTaye piziyaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't crush the shirt and crumple it like that!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crumpled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTippuvizu)</font> 2 intr <br> be pressed into irregular folds or wrinkled; be wadded up; become wrinkled or rumpled; become squeezed out of shape<br> <br> <font size=+1>ozunga vekkaadadunaale saTTeyile maTippu vizunduTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The shirt got all crumpled because it was not put away properly</font><br> 1) (kasangipoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crunch (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kori)</font> 6b tr <br> munch; eat or bite noisily, usu. with the mouth open; chew, break s.t. up with crunching noise; nosh<br> . <br> <font size=+1>sinimaa koTTaheyile enakku munnaale okkaandrundavaru edeyoo pooTTu koriccikkiTTee irundaaru. ennaale sariyaa sinimaa paakkavee muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The person in front of me in the theater was crunching noisily on s.t. so I couldn't enjoy the movie</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crunchy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noru noruNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fragile; be crispy and crackly, as food; be easily breakable<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan neettu saappiTTa doose noru noruNNu irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dosa I ate yesterday was crisp and crunchy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crush</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moodittaLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> push s.o. down mercilessly (metaph.); push s.t. or s.o. down by bumping; defeat s.o. decisively or ruthlessly; smash, squash or break to pieces<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeccu vizaavule avan enne moodi taLLiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In the speech contest, he crushed me mercilessly</font><br> 1) (norukku) 3 tr<br> 2) (nasukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(masi)</font> 6b tr <br> mash food; grind or pulverize food to make it soft (esp. for infants or people without teeth); macerate<br> <br> <font size=+1>saadatte nallaa masiccu saappuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Crush the food well before you eat it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pizi)</font> 2b tr <br> squeeze out juice from fruits, etc.; wring out<br> j <br> <font size=+1>maambazatte pizinju juus senju tareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will crush the mango and make juice for you</font><br> 1) (kuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crushed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nasi)</font> 6 intr <br> be disappointed, saddened, let down, disheartened, downhearted, cast down, downcast, depressed, dispirited, despondent, distressed, chagrined, disgruntled, disenchanted, disillusioned, discontented; b<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paricceyooTe tiirmuTivungaLe keeTTadum nasinju pooyTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he heard the results of the exam, he was crushed.</font><br> 1) (oTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nasungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be squashed; be indented by blows or by a fall; be crumpled or bruised<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazam kaalaTiyle nasungiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fruit got squashed under my foot</font><br> 1) (taharu) 2 intr<br> 2) (azungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vimmu)</font> 3 intr <br> sob in crying; be wracked with sobs<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ava een vimmivimmi azudukiTTu irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is she sobbing and crying?</font><br> 1) (viiriTTazu) 1 intr<br> 2) (teembu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azu)</font> 1 intr <br> weep; shed tears<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu periyavan aanadukkappuramum kozande maadiri azuree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you crying like a child, at your age?</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (azu) 1 intr<br> 3) (arattu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viilviil-NNu kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> cry aloud in pain, distress, disappointment as a child<br> <br> <font size=+1>parisu keTekkaleNNadum kozande viilviilNu katta aarambicciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child started crying loudly when it didn't get the prize</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cry (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> shout; yell; announce publicly for sale<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viiriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> bellow; scream; cry aloud<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cry out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kadaru)</font> 3 intr <br> cry aloud in pain or grief; shriek, wail<br> <br> <font size=+1>vali taanga maaTTaame avan kadarunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was crying out, unable to stand the pain.</font><br> 1) (viiriTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crystallize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give form to; give shape to; become concrete, real<br> <br> <font size=+1>un sindanekki oru uruvam kuTuttu kaami</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to crystallize your thoughts more and then get back to us</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTikamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> assume crystalline form<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The sugar began to crystallize when the solution had cooled</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTikamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> form into crystals; cause to form into crystals<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The process we used crystallized the molecules and made the outcome easier to see</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cuddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tazuvi keTa)</font> 6b intr + dat <br> lie close and nestle; snuggle<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Kittens like to cuddle together, and so do children</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cudgel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTiyaale aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat with a stick; cane, club<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane taTiyaale aTicci avanooTa oTambe aattule visunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was beaten and cudgeled with sticks and his body thrown into the river</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cuff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are)</font> 2b tr <br> strike with the open hand; box the ears<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobattule en appaa enne arenjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father cuffed me in his anger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>culminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivaTe)</font> 2b tr <br> conclude; terminate; reach the zenith or the highest point; arrive at the final stage<br> <br> <font size=+1>olimpik koolagalanga inniyooTa muTivaTenjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Olympic celebrations culminated today</font><br> 1) (uccaneleyaTe) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cultivate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLevi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to grow; set plants<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vayalla ede veLeviccuTTu irukkiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you cultivating in this field?</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (payir seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) (vaLaru) 6 tr<br> 3) (payir-aahu) 3b intr<br> 4) (paNpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 5) (payiriTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>curb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTuttu niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> prevent; control; check, keep in check, constrain, contain, hold back, bite back, repress, suppress, moderate, dampen, put a brake on, impede, retard, subdue, bridle.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooraaTTatte taTuttu nirutta arasu moyarci senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government tried to curb the protests</font><br> 1) (taTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>curdle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tere)</font> 2b intr <br> curdle, as milk<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooy)</font> 2b intr <br> coagulate; freeze<br> 1) (miri) 2b intr<br> 2) (tove) 2b intr<br> 3) (ore) 2b intr<br> 4) (tove) 2b intr<br> 5) (paalu tooyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tayiraahu)</font> 3b intr <br> turn into curd, yogurt; congeal; thicken, coagulate<br> <br> <font size=+1>paale toocciveccadule tayiraayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk curdled and turned into yogurt</font><br> 1) (tere) 2b intr<br> 2) (tooyi) 2b intr<br> 3) (ore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>curdled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orenjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become clotted, congealed or coagulated; become spoiled<br> <br> <font size=+1>paal oranjiTuttaaNNu paattu sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Take a look and tell me whether the milk has gotten curdled</font><br> 1) (tove) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> relieve, expiate, allay; clear up; relieve or rid of illness, etc.; restore s.o. to health<br> <br> <font size=+1>unga nooyi tiira oree vazi aapareshan seyyaradudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The only way to cure your disease is to agree to have an operation</font><br> 1) (guNappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> preserve (meat), etc.; preserve (meat, etc.) by drying, smoking, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamisatte padanappaTutti uLLe vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Preserve the meat and store it inside</font><br> 1) (vattaliTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cured, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 2 intr <br> be cured, be relieved of syntoms, be healed, restored (to health), be made well/better, be rehabilitated, be treated, be allayed; be expiated, cleared up<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa nalla freNTu nooyooTa kaTume tiindu ippodaan konjam tuunguraan</font><br> <font size=+1>My good friend is only now able to sleep after being finally cured of the painful disease</font><br> 1) (tiiru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>curl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruLa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make curvy, crimped, or wavy<br> <br> <font size=+1>muTiye suruLa senjukiTTaa nii innum azahaa teriyara</font><br> <font size=+1>You look more beautiful when you curl your hair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suruNTu keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> lie rolled up or doubled up; be in a fetal position<br> <br> <font size=+1>piccekkaaran kooyilooTa muulayile suruNTu keTakkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>The beggar is lying curled up in a corner of the temple</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>curl (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruLu)</font> 1 intr <br> assume a curled form; grow in curls; form in curls; spiral<br> <br> <font size=+1>pasiyile oru oorattule suruNTu paTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was so famished, I just curled up in a corner</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>current, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sellu)</font> 1 intr <br> be valid; be good in law; be up to date<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda aadaram niidimaNTapattula sellubaTiyaahumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Will this evidence still be current as far as the court is concerned?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be in use, be customary<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Italian lira is no longer current in the European Union</font><br> 1) (puzakkattule iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>curry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kari same)</font> 6b intr <br> cook curries, prepare certain foods using curry powder, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki naan kattirikkaa kari sameccirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have curried some eggplant today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>curse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuniyam vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> cast a spell on s.o.; put a curse on s.o.; bewitch; hex; invoke curse upon; call down evil upon s.o.; imprecate<br> <br> <font size=+1>graamattulee yaareyaavadu puTikkallennaa suuniyam vacciTuvaanga </font><br> <font size=+1>In the villages, if they don't like somebody, they put a curse on them</font><br> 1) (saabam kuTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (sabi) 6b tr<br> 3) (saabamiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>curtail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koreccuppooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> lessen, diminish the quantity of; lessen the price of; reduce<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They're tried to curtail inflation and hope that gas prices will go down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> attempt to put a stop to; abrogate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has curtailed the program that subsidized poor farmers</font><br> 1) (veTTiyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(surukku)</font> 3 tr <br> shorten; abridge<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This session was curtailed because of the threat of a terrorist attack</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>curved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sattee vaLenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be involuted, elliptical, off-center<br> . <br> <font size=+1>buumi oru sariyaana uruNTeyaa ille; konjam vaLejirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The earth is not a perfect sphere; it's curved like an oval.</font><br> 1) (vaLe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bent, winding<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga graamattuku poora paade vaLenji irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The path that runs to our village is curved.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cushion</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?? </B> <font size=+1>(??mette pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> soften a blow (metaph.);<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to cushion the shock a little, so don't tell him he's been fired just yet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> provide with a soft pillow or cushion; pad, provide cushioning<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kaale konjam tiNTinaa, vali koreyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If we cushion his leg somewhat, it would reduce the pain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dissect; operate<br> <br> <font size=+1>maruttuvar aruve sihicce seyya nooyaaLiyooTa vayitte veTTinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor cut open the patient's stomach in order to perform the surgery.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 2b tr <br> slice; reap<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> divide (a line); separate<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTTi irukkra pakkangaLa meduvaa piringa</font><br> <font size=+1>Carefully, cut apart the pages that are stuck</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hurt s.o.'s feelings; cause pain or suffering; make a cutting or snide remark<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa alakshiyam enna varutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>His carelessness cut me to the quick</font><br> 1) (ore) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tari)</font> 2b intr <br> be cut off; be felled<br> 1) (veTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (siivu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kattari)</font> 6b tr <br> cut with a pair of scissors or shears<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeppare kattaricci azahaana pala uruvangaLa senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I cut the paper, making many beautiful shapes out of it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiri pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> split; divide by cutting or carving; cut out, excise; extract<br> 1) (arukka-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut with a sword, axe, knife, scissors, etc.; cut off; hew down; perform the action of cutting; be capable of being cut; make shorter by cutting<br> <br> <font size=+1>nahanga niiLamaa vaLandadaale veTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I need to cut my nails since they have grown long</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(koreccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make shorter, lower; make smaller in price or amount<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLekki paNihengradanaale saamaangaLooTa veleye koreccu vittuTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since there is a festival tomorrow, I am cutting the prices of my goods</font><br> 1) (kottu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut (off), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 2b intr <br> be terminated, be felled; be broken;<br> <br> <font size=+1>annikki naTanda saNTaila enga oravu murinjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our relationship was cut off the other day after we had the fight</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut (s.o.) open</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maNTeye peLa (or) poLa)</font> 7 tr <br> open s.o.'s head; operate, as in cranial surgery<br> <br> <font size=+1>maruttuvarunga aruvesihicceyle avanooTa maNTeye poLandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctors cut open his head in the surgery</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut across</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukka ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> take a short-cut, go by a shorter way<br> <br> <font size=+1>kurukka ooTippoonaa peerunde piTiccuTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can catch the bus if we cut across through here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> cut out; remove by cutting, trim away<br> <br> <font size=+1>puucci irukkara keLehaLe marattuleerundu veTTiyeTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Cut away the branches of the tree infested with insects</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut classes</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poohaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> stay away from; be absent from; play hookey<br> !<br> <font size=+1>paLLikuuTam poohaama irukkradukkaaha caakku solliTTee irukkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't keep giving excuses for cutting classes!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cut down; cut off; cut up; fell, level<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTukkumaaTikaTTaTam kaTTa marangaLe veTTi pooTTuTTaangaLee</font><br> <font size=+1>They have cut down all the trees to build a multi-storeyed building</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTiTTee poo)</font> 3b tr <br> break through; cut down enemy in battle; bushwhack<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTakkara paadaila ceTinga irundaa veTTiTTee poonga</font><br> <font size=+1>If there are plants in your path, keep going, cutting them as you go</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> fell; cut and get rid of<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazangaLe evvaLavu veehamaa veTTittaLraan paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>See how quickly he is cutting the fruits</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut in(to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(narukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make into small pieces; mince; chop<br> <br> <font size=+1>kattirikkaaye cinnadaa narukki aTuppula vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Cut the eggplant into small pieces and place them on the stove</font><br> 1) (tuNTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> break contact; disconnect from; repudiate<br> <br> <font size=+1>oravinarungaLooTa irunda orave kalyaaNattukku appuram tuNTicciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He cut off all contact with his relatives once he got married</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> run; go away in haste; get out quickly; take off<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLikku neeramaanadunaala ooTipooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I cut out quickly because it was time for school</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTutuNTaa veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> snip in or to pieces<br> <br> <font size=+1>uruLakkezange tuNTuduNTaa veTTikoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Cut the potatoes into small pieces</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cut, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aru)</font> 2 intr <br> break, as a rope does; be cut asunder<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayatte arukka kuurmeyaana katti oNNu veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I need a sharp knife to make the rope cut</font><br> 1) (aru-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTikkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be severed<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam kaTTaadadunaala enga viiTTla minsaaram tuNTikkappaTTuruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since we hadn't paid the bill, the electricity supply to our house was cut off</font><br> 1) (tuNi) 2b intr<br> 2) (tari) 2b intr<br> 3) (tuNi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cycle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saikkille poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> go, travel by bicycle<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We often cycled in the countryside when I was younger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dab</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottu)</font> 3 tr <br> pat, as with s.t. soft, moist; touch lightly, as eyes with a handkerchief<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kooyille kalpuuratte ottikka een marukkare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you refusing to dab camphor on yourself in the temple?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poTi aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> apply face powder<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??veLiye pooradukku munnaaleeyee, ava mohattule poTi aTiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She dabbed her face with powder just before going out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dabble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noze)</font> 6b intr <br> take a casual or superficial interest or part in a subject or activity; dabble in; work irregularly, half heartedly, etc.; fool around with; be a dilettante (in)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He dabbled in various professions, but never did any serious work in anything.</font><br> 1) (kudi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taNNiile veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> play in the water; splash about in the water<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya neeram taNNiile veLeyaaTinadunaala saLi piTicciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The baby was dabbling in the water for a while, but never really got wet</font><br> 1) (teLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dally</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> play with s.o.; trifle with s.t.; fool around with s.t.; toy with the affections of s.o. non-seriously<br> !<br> <font size=+1>veLeyaaTaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't dally! Don't waste time! Don't fool around!</font><br> 1) (kaalam kaTattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(konju)</font> 3 tr <br> play with s.o. amorously; fondle, as children; fool around with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadir tannooTa maneviye eppavum konjiTTee irukkaane</font><br> <font size=+1>Kadir is always dallying with his wife</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pozudu pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> waste time; delay in o's work; fool, fiddle, mess around<br> <br> <font size=+1>pozudu pookkaame ozungaa veele seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't dally away your time! Work properly!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dam</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> build a dam; furnish with a dam; block, dam up; control, hold back, constrict<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaviri nadile oru pudu aNe kaTTa tiTTamiTTurukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have planned to dam the Cauvery river in a new place</font><br> 1) (aNeyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dam (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> block, control o's feelings, etc.; bring o.s. under control; pull o.s. together<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tukkatte kaTTuppaTuttiTTu veLeyaaTTule kalanduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I pulled myself together, dammed up my feelings and participated in the play</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>damage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> blight; spoil; cause damage to<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorle enga naaTTe muzumeyaa aziccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They caused severe damage to our nation in the war</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> impair the usefulness of; put (a machine, etc.) out of order; undo<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ozungaa ooTiTTu irunda mooTTare keTuttuTTiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>The motor was running well, and now you've gone and damaged it!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>damaged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become damaged, spoiled, rotten or out of order; (inf.) get messed up, wrecked<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTTavangaLooTa sahavaasam veccadaale avan keTTupooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He got corrupted due to his hanging out with bad people</font><br> 1) (pazudaahi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kole)</font> 2b intr <br> be impaired; be disordered, be deranged<br> <br> <font size=+1>en mana amaidi kolenjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My peace of mind has been damaged</font><br> 1) (kiirkole) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seedamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be spoiled, as by fire, floods, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiivibattule viiTee seedamaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The house got damaged in the fire</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>damn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazi)</font> 6b tr <br> condemn; criticize; consign to oblivion<br> <br> <font size=+1>aadaaram illaame yaarmeeleyum pazi somattakuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not consider someone damned without good evidence</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naasamaa pooha sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> curse<br> !<br> <font size=+1>naasamaa poocci!</font><br> <font size=+1>Damn it!</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>damned (if), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((adukku veera) aaLe paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> be damned if... (used to indicate strong refusal to do s.t. or to follow a course of action, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>un veLeyaaTTukku naan varale, adukku veera aaLe paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll be damned if I come to your play!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>damp(en)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erakki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> turn down (heat), make (a stove, etc.) burn more slowly<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuTTe erakki veccu ade pattu nimisham aTuppule vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Damp down the heat and keep it on the stove for 10 minutes</font><br> 1) (soorvu uNT-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make damp; moisten<br> <br> <font size=+1>panje iiramaakki aTipaTTa eTattule taTavu</font><br> <font size=+1>Dampen the cotton and apply it to the wound</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(adairiyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> discourage; throw cold water on s.t.; cut s.o. off at the knees; rain on s.o.'s parade<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Just when I was getting all fired up, he goes and tries to dampen my enthusiasm</font><br> 1) (nane) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(konjam taNNi teLi)</font> 6b tr <br> damp down, make a fire burn more slowly by sprinkling water over it<br> <br> <font size=+1>tii adihamaanadunaale konjam taNNi teLi</font><br> <font size=+1>Damp the fire down a little by sprinkling some water on it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>damp, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be wet, be moist<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyil illaadadaala tovecca tuNi ellaam iiramaavee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it's not very sunny today, the clothes that were washed are all still damp</font><br> 1) (iiramaa poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nasunasu)</font> 6 intr <br> be damp, as floor; (weather) be drizzling; be nasty<br> !<br> <font size=+1>iNNekki romba nasunasukkrade!</font><br> <font size=+1>It's really damp and drizzly today!</font><br> 1) (namuttu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pisupisu)</font> 6 intr <br> be damp, be moist and sticky; (weather) be drizzling<br> <br> <font size=+1>palaapazam uriccadule kaiyellaam pisupisuNNu aayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My hands got all damp and sticky from peeling the jackfruit</font><br> 1) (nasupisu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> perform or take part in a dance; skip about with joy, etc.; bob up and down, as a boat; sway, as a tree<br> <br> <font size=+1>priyaa nallaa baradanaaTTiyam aaTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Priya dances Bharatanatyam well</font><br> 1) (naaTTiyam aaTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuttaaTu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> leap in excitement; perform a variety of folk dances<br> <br> <font size=+1>jananga sandooshattule kuuttaaTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people danced with joy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dance (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(solradukellaam aaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> dance to s.o. else's tune or pipe; be subservient to s.o. else; be a puppet or stooge for s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>manevi solradukellaam peesaama tale aaTTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't dance to your wife's tunes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTanam aaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dance; perform a dance<br> <br> <font size=+1>avunga oru pazeya sinimaa paaTTukku naTanam aaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are dancing to an old movie song.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dance, lead (s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTamkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> lead s.o. a (pretty) dance; send s.o. around by the nose; send s.o. on a wild goose chase; (inf.) jerk s.o. around<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??idu veeNum adu veeNum appaTi solliTTu, enakku aaTTam kaaTTunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>With all his different demands and changes of mood, he led quite me a dance!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dance, wildly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLikkuuttaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dance in a frenzied manner, said of Lord Siva or Saivite devotees.<br> <br> <font size=+1>siva perumaan ahambaavatte aziccu kaLiyaaTuvaaruNNu nambikke</font><br> <font size=+1>Siva is believed to dance in a frantic manner, symbolizing the destruction of the ego.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dandle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mozangaal meele aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> move, rock, or bounce a baby up and down on the knees; dance (a child) on o s knees or in o s arms<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTiTTee mozangaalmeele veccu aaTTinaadaan en kozande tuungum</font><br> <font size=+1>My little one goes to sleep only if I sing and dandle it on my knees</font><br> 1) (tuukkippooTTu veLeyaaTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dangerous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(abaayamaa iru)</font> 3b intr <br> be risky, unsafe, perilous, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Living in coastal zones can be dangerous these days, what with tsunamis and hurricanes and all.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(abaayamaanavanaa iru)</font> 7 intr 3 pn masc <br> be causing danger, be a dangerous person, as a madman, etc.; be dangerous to self or others<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??abaayamaanavanaa irukkaan, avan. sereyle puuTTaNumee!</font><br> <font size=+1>He's dangerous to life and limb, and ought to be locked up!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aasekaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tempt, bait, tantalize<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??anda poNNu enne aasekaaTTi moosam senjuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>That woman dangled her charms before me and then cheated me</font><br> 1) (sutti vaa) 2c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uusalaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> swing like a pendulum; hang lifelessly in the wind; (fig.) offer (an enticing incentive) to s.o.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They dangled a big pay raise in front of me in hopes I would accept the job</font><br> 1) (aase kaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> swing; sway<br> <br> <font size=+1>summaa kaattule aaTiTTirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was just dangling in the wind</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tongu)</font> 3 intr <br> hang, hang loosely<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the accident, his arm just dangled at his side</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyee tongu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of the tongue) hang loosely; extend or droop out loosely<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naayooTa naakku veLiye tongikkiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This dog's tongue is just dangling out (of his mouth)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dangling, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hover around or after, remain near; be suspended in air, be without direction or purpose; be left in the lurch<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the reorganization of the office, I was just left dangling with nothing to do.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNi)</font> 2b intr <br> be bold; be decisive; be audacious; have the courage, take the risk, be brave enough, have the nerve, risk, hazard, venture. <br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avaL koozeyille. avan viiramaana seyalellaam tuNivaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is not a coward--he dares to do heroic things</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be brave enough (to do s.t.), meet defiantly, face<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooTTiNNu vandadukkappuram naan edukkum tuNinjiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I dare to do great things once I'm in the thick of the competition</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(savaalviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> challenge; provoke; throw down the gauntlet<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avanukku savaal viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I dared him</font><br> 1) (tuNi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>daring, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNinju seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hazard; be venturesome, be bold, be ready to face (anything)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ellaa seyalungaLeyum tuNinju seyvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He attempts all activities with daring.</font><br> 1) (tuNinjuviTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (tuNinjiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNiccalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bold or confident; be audacious; be ready for anything<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda kashTam vandaalum tuNiccalaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever problem arises, you need to be bold and daring!</font><br> 1) (tuNi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dark, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttiru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of skin, face, hair) be deep in color; darken<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After he spent the summer working outside, he got very dark</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iruTTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without light<br> <br> <font size=+1>iruTTaa irundadaale oNNumee ozungaa teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it was dark, you couldn't see anything clearly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karuppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of hair, eyes, skin) be black<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadukkapuramum en ammaavooTa muTi karuppaavee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother's hair is still dark, in spite of her age</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dark, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iruTTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> become dark (as sky with clouds or at dusk); become dark (as face)<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki anju maNikkuLLe iruTTu vanduccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Today it got dark by 5:00.</font><br> 1) (iruTTi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dark, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become black with the sun; get extremely tanned or burned<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>enna? onnooTe moham ivvaLavu karuttu pooyirukku?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's this? Your face has become so dark!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iruNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become dark, as the face, the future<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippellaam en vaazkeyee iruNTu pooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In my life, things are looking very dark right now</font><br> 1) 3 pn<br> 2) 3 pn<br> 3) 3 pn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>darken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuppaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make black or less white<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>muTiye karuppaakka edaavadu marundu irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you have any product that darkens hair?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karu)</font> 6 intr <br> turn black, grow dark, be clouded<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki kaaleyile vaanam karuttucci</font><br> <font size=+1>The sky darkened suddenly this morning.</font><br> 1) (iruLu) 1 intr<br> 2) (iruL) 1 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iruTTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make dark; deprive of light<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLakke aneccu ruume iruTTaakkiTTiyee</font><br> <font size=+1>You have darkened the whole room by switching off the lights</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(karu)</font> 6 intr <br> grow black; (of face) grow clouded with anger; (of sky) be clouded<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyille alenju alenju en moham karuttuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My face had darkened because of overexerting myself in the hot weather</font><br> 1) (iruLu) 1 intr<br> 2) (iruL) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>darn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> curse, cuss; damn; use euphemisms instead of epithets<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??ade senjaa, tiTTunaanga; seyyalleNNaa, tiTTuTTaanga!</font><br> <font size=+1>I was darned (damned) if I did and darned (damned) if I didn't!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(Taarn paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> mend (stockings etc.) by making stitches<br> <br> <font size=+1>kizinja sokkaaye Taarn paNNaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I need to darn the sock that has a hole in it</font><br> 1) (ezeyooTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paanju poo @(N intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> moved forward or spring up suddenly and keep going; dash, rush, bolt, fly, flash, sprint, tear, run, bound, shoot, leap, start; (inf.) scoot<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He just darted out into traffic and was hit by a car</font><br> 1) (paayi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 tr <br> throw s.t. quickly; send out, as an angry look<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??koobattule vaasu en meele [???} viisinaaru, aanaa oNNum sollale</font><br> <font size=+1>Vasu darted an angry look at me, but didn't say anything</font><br> 1) (eri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(norukku)</font> 3 tr <br> break to pieces; destroy; ruin; sink (ships, hope, etc.);strike with violence; move violently<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?[...] avanooTa velinaaTTukku poora neneppu tiTiirNNu norukkipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His hopes of going abroad were dashed when he got the letter of rejection.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moodu)</font> 3 tr <br> strike against; throw down violently; crash against; butt against<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTiye viiTTumeele moodinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They dashed the vehicle against the house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dash (s.t.) against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moodaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause s.t. to be dashed or smashed against s.t.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>bomma basse kozande sovattule moodaviTTu veeTikka paattudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Just for fun, the kid dashed the toy bus against the wall</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dash off, away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> hurry away; leave; cf. also rush, hasten, bolt, run, race, fly, dart, sprint, tear, speed, scoot<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTam kuuTina oTane tiruTanga bayattule ooTiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The robbers dashed off in fear when a crowd gathered</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dash off, down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> write quickly, bang out, jot down a letter, etc.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>pattirihehaLukku kaTudaasi meele kaTudaasi ezudi taLLriyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>You are dashing off one letter after another to the magazines!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>date</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> originate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda vazakkam enda kaalattuleendu toTangiccu?</font><br> <font size=+1>From which period does this custom date?</font><br> 1) (teediyiTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teedi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put a date on; originate in, come from, belong to, exist from, bear the date of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After much study, the inscription was dated as having been made in the fourth century BCE</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sandi)</font> 6b tr <br> meet; make a date with (esp. w. a member of the opposite sex)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They dated for a while, back about 10 years ago, but haven't seen each other since.</font><br> 1) r<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaala vareyare seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> fix the period of; assign the period of; assess the origin of; estimate the age of<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazangaala nuulhaLukku kaala vareyare seyyaradu kashTamaana veele</font><br> <font size=+1>It's difficult to date the period of certain old literary works</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>date back to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr 3 pn <br> go back to; originate in; hark back to; date from; go back to; come from a time in the past<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru parambare pattaan nuuttaaNTukku pooradu</font><br> <font size=+1>His family dates back to the 10th century</font><br> 1) (toTangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkattu poo)</font> r <br> be obsolete; be out of date; be old-fashioned, outdated, outmoded, pass, behind the times, archaic, obsolete, antiquated; be unfashionable, unstylish; crusty, olde worlde <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>That version of events is very dated; I think there's a newer version that's quite different.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>daub</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> cover a wall with plaster or paint; apply powder to o's face; smear s.t. with oil<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava een kaiLe ellaam sandanatte puusiTTu irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Why has she daubed her hands with sandalwood paste?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTeyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> paint unskillfully, as a wall, a picture etc.; smear s.t. on or around; slop s.t. onto s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I wouldn't say he painted the picture; I'd say he daubed paint on a canvas</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mezuhu)</font> 3 tr <br> cover (a surface) with a solution of cowdung; smear s.t. on s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In the villages, they daub cowdung on the floors to chase away bugs and insects.</font><br> 1) (azukk-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(suNNaambu taTavu)</font> 3 tr <br> spread (betel leaves) with lime<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vetteleyle suNNaambu taTavi saappuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She daubed lime on the betel leaves and chewed them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>daunted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be reluctant, timid or frightened; cringe before s.o; be discouraged; be scared, be put off by; be thrown for a loop by<br> <br> <font size=+1>paricce paattadum sundar bayapaTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sundar was daunted by the first question on the exam, but then he regained his courage</font><br> 1) (anju) 3 tr<br> 2) (adairiyappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dawdle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozude pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> waste time; pass or fritter away time uselessly; idle, loiter about<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??paLLikkuuTattukku poorappa pozude pookkaade; nii iNNekki neerattule irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't dawdle on the way to school; you need to be on time today</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (soombi tiri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dawn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTi)</font> 2 intr 3 pn <br> break, as the day; grow light in the morning; begin, break, lighten, brighten, gleam.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan graamattule irundappa, pozudu viTinjooTana paal vaanga poohaveeNTiyirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the village, I had to go and buy milk as soon as morning had dawned</font><br> 1) (polaru) 2 intr<br> 2)( ) ((pozudu) viTi) 2 intr 3 pn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLu)</font> 6 intr <br> become light<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaanam veLuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dawn broke</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(udi)</font> 6b intr <br> begin to arise, as the sun; begin to appear, as an idea<br> j <br> <font size=+1>suuriyan jappaan naaTTledaan modalle udikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sun dawns first in Japan</font><br> 1) (odayam aahu) 3b intr<br> 2) (polaru) 2 intr<br> 3) (tooNu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dawn on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> realize; begin to be perceived; come to know; grasp, take in, comprehend, apprehend, be aware, be conscious/cognizant of the fact, appreciate, recognize, perceive, discern, conceive; (inf.) get i<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan uNmeye marekkraanNNu enakku paTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It dawned on me that he was hiding the truth</font><br> 1) (teLivu-paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (terinjukkoo) 4 intr<br> 3) (tooNu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>daydream</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sindane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> think about; meditate upon, deliberate, muddle over, mull over, churn over, contemplate, fantasize<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaadaliye pattiyee sindane senjukiTTee irundadaale avanaale ozungaa paTikkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he was always daydreaming about his girlfriend, he couldn't study properly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pahal kanavu paaru)</font> 5a tr <br> indulge in daydreams; fantasize; muse, be lost in thought, stare into space, indulge in woolgathering, fantasize, indulge in fancy, hallucinate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>veele seyyaama enna pahalkanavu paakkriyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Are you daydreaming instead of working?</font><br> 1) (kooTTe kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dazed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangi iru)</font> 6 intr <br> be bewitched, be confused, be dazed, be flummoxed<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTanda ellaatteyum maranduTTu appaTiyee anda naTiharu mayangi keTakkraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That actor is just lying there, kind of dazed, having forgotten everything that happened That actor is just lying there, bewildered by every thing that happened</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dazzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehekkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> daze, bewilder, astonish, bewilder or confuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaiyooTa balam enne tehakkaveccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The strength of his hands dazzled me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNkuusavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> blind the eyes with strong light<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu aTicca minnalu kaNNe kuusuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The lightning that struck yesterday dazzled everybody.</font><br> 1) (bramikka seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> 2) (tehekk'a vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNkuusa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> overpower or dim the vision by light; blind temporarily by an excess of light<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en kaNNukku neeraa veLakke kaamiccu kaNkuusa senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Because he flashed the light right into my eyes, my vision was dazzled for a moment</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(malekkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> impress or daze by brilliance or splendour; blind temporarily, deprive of sight, bedazzle, daze, overpower; (inf.) wipe out; blow away; throw for a loop<br> <br> <font size=+1>maleyooTa oyaram enne malekk'aveccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The height of the mountain dazzled me</font><br> 1) (mayakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (pahaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dazzled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bramiccuTu, bramiccu poo)</font> 4 intr <br> be dazed or stunned, be perplexed, be blown away<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTattooTa sanTekaaTshihaLe paattu bramiccu pooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was dazzled by the fight scenes of the movie</font><br> (bramiccu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dead, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaanjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be dead, as leaves, branches<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze illaadadaale elengaLellaam kaanjuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The leaves are all dead and have dropped off, since there's been no rain</font><br> 1) (paTTuTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (saa) 6c intr (irreg)<br> 3) (vaaTuTu) 4 int<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deaden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marattuppooha seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> benumb; make numb or less sensitive<br> <br> <font size=+1>{\d d}aak{\d t}ar kaile uusikutti kaiye marattupoohasenjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor deadened the feeling in my hand by giving me a shot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mandamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make less forcible or energetic; make dull, stultify<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>iyakkunar paTatte een ivvaLavu mandamaakkinaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did the director have to make the movie so dull?</font><br> 1) (mazungaccey@(1 tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mandamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make less forcible or energetic; make dull, stultify<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>iyakkunar paTatte een ivvaLavu mandamaakkinaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did the director have to make the movie so dull?</font><br> 1) (mazungaccey@(1 tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiTTu kulukki pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shuffle cards, distribute or hand out cards, cast lots; apportion<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>avan paTippule avvaLavu vallavanille; aanaa siiTTu kulukki pooTradule romba vallavan!</font><br> <font size=+1>He's not very good at academics; but he's a real pro at dealing cards!</font><br> 1) (piriccuppooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (piriccu kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vyaabaaram seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> trade or do business (with s.o. in s.t.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTipparivu illeNNaalum naan nallaa vyaabaaram seyveen</font><br> <font size=+1>Though I'm not educated, I know how to deal with business matters</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naTavaTikke eTu)</font> 6 intr <br> take action (against s.o. for s.t.); take steps, act<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaar tappu senjaalum paarapakshamillaama arasu naTavaTikke eTukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The government will deal with people who commit crimes. without any discrimination</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deal a blow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) (~ + +~) </B> <font size=+1>((@NP + acc +@) aTi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> hit or strike<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>ammaaTiyoo, avanooTu appaa senjupoonadukkappram avanukku aTi kuTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Boy, the loss of his father really dealt him a blow!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deal with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandukoo@(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> act or behave (towards s.o.); negotiate with; handle affairs<br> d <br> <font size=+1>avakiTTe anbaa naTandukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>As you deal with her, please be kind to her</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> have relations or work with; move with (not business matters)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I deal with all kinds of people in my work, and I've never met anyone like him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dear, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vele adihamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be expensive, costly, high in price<br> <br> <font size=+1>vele adihamaa irundaa anda paiye vaangaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't buy that bag if it is expensive</font><br> 1) (veleyeeriyiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kraakkiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> cherish, be fond of (a person)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLukku kraakkiyaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is dear to her</font><br> 1) 2) (priyamaanavanaa iru) 7 intr<br> 3) (priyamaanavanaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>debar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velakkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> exclude; shut out; invalidate credentials of, esp. legally; disbar<br> <br> <font size=+1>uuzal senja adihaarihaLe arasu velakkiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government debarred the officials who were involved in corruption</font><br> 1) (taTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>debase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalappaTam seyyi @(1 tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> adulterate; degrade, devalue, demean, drag down, disgrace, dishonor, shame, bring shame to, discredit, lower/reduce the status of, cheapen, humble, humiliate<br> <br> <font size=+1>arisile kalappaTam seyra kaTekkaarahaLe niccayam taNTippoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We will definitely punish the shopkeepers who debase the quality of the merchandise</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maattukkore)</font> 6b tr <br> alloy, reduce the parity of gold; reduce in quality, value, etc.; adulterate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? [...] tangatte maattukkoreccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They debased the gold by adding lead and other metals to it</font><br> 1) (madippe kore) 6b tr<br> 2) (taratte kore) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>debate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaadiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> argue; contend; discuss or dispute about (an issue, proposal, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa vakkiilungaLukkum vaadiTra terame niccayamaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>All lawyers will definitely have the skill to debate</font><br> 1) (vaadaaTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sindane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> think about s.t.; cogitate, deliberate; mull s.t. over; think over<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan adepatti tanakkuLLe sindane paNNeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I thought about it and I debated in my mind whether to do it</font><br> 1) (aaloosi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vevaadi)</font> 6b tr <br> discuss or argue formally; consider, discuss, hash out<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta kuuTTattule inda vishayatte vivaadikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can debate this issue in the next meeting</font><br> 1) (vaadam seyyi@(nb tr)@) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>debauch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> deprave, ruin, corrupt; adulterate, destroy or debase the moral purity of; warp, pervert, lead astray, lead down the garden path<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He led a debauched life, and ended up in the gutter</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> indulge in debauchery; become depraved, corrupt or ruined; (inf.) go to hell (in a hand basket), go to pot, go to the dogs<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? talenaharattule ellaam keTTupooccu; adanaale elaatteyum suttam seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Things have just gotten debauched in the capital, and we need to clean up the mess.</font><br> 1) r<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ozukkam keTa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> cause to be immoral; cause s.o. to deviate from morality; corrupt, deprave, debase, pervert<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? avan avaLe ozukkam keTa senjaan, [..]</font><br> <font size=+1>He debauched her and led her into a life of corruption</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>debilitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(palaviinappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> weaken; enfeeble; sap the strength of<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga taakkudal ediriye balaviinappaTuticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our attack weakened and debilitated the enemy forces</font><br> 1) (taLara seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>debilitated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be weak or enfeebled; be weakened, enfeebled, enervated, devitalized, sapped, drained, exhausted, wearied, fatigued, prostrated; be undermined, impaired indispose, incapacitate, cripple, disable, pa<br> <br> <font size=+1>en aNNan eenoo manam taLandirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My brother has become debilitated by some kind of unknown disease</font><br> 1) (taLarndu pooy-iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (balaviinamaa iru) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>debit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(selavaa kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> enter on the charge side; record as expenditure<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The expense was debited to his research account</font><br> 1) (pattu ezudu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>debunk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ambalappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> disclose, demystify; divest of pretensions, etc.; expose as fraud, untruth, a hoax; expose the falseness or hollowness of a myth, idea, or belief; expose; show true colors of; show s.o. up<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiriyooTa suuzciye mannaree ambalappaTuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The king himself debunked the minister's conspiracy</font><br> 1) (kizicceri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>debut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arangeeTram seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> perform a dance, a play, etc., for the first time before an audience; bring out, introduce<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu varusham naaTTiyam kattukiTTu irukkiyee eppo pudu naaTTiyatte arangeeTram seyyapoore?</font><br> <font size=+1>Having studied dance for so many years, when are you going to debut the new dance?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(arangeeru)</font> make a debut<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She made her debut in 1987, but an injury laid her low</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decamp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muhaam kaleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> break (up) a (military) camp; pack up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The allies pursued the enemy, who escaped into the hills, but when they got there, they were found to have decamped</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strain; pour off gently<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In expensive restaurants, the waiter will decant the wine for you at your table.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decapitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleye veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut or chop off the head;<br> <br> <font size=+1>muTiye veTTuNNu solradukku en paaTTi taleye veTTuNNu solvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandmother used to say 'cut your head' instead of 'cut your hair'</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> rot, putrefy, decompose, become rotten<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya naaL aanadunaale maambazam azuhiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mango has decayed because it's been kept lying around for many days</font><br> 1) (makku) 3 intr<br> 2) (azuhi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sede)</font> 2b intr <br> decompose, as teeth; decline in excellence, prosperity, etc.; lose vitality, fade; go to pot, crumble<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuraavaLile maNTabam sedanjiTucce</font><br> <font size=+1>In Suravali, the pavillion (?) has decayed</font><br> 1) (mangu) 3 intr<br> 2) (azi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decayed, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> go to ruin; become decomposed or rotten<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiz kalaaccaaram avvaLavu eLidaa paazayiTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tamil culture will not decline or decay so easily</font><br> 1) (keTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (sedenju poo) 3b intr<br> 3) (keTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deceive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemattu)</font> 3 tr <br> charm, lead astray; cheat, beguile<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan neettu enne eemaattiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He deceived me yesterday</font><br> 1) (eeyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pasappu)</font> 3 tr <br> deceive, charm, trick, cheat; defraud; delude; practice deceit through charm or allure<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga mattavangaLe pasappi/eemaatti pozekkuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They make a career of deceiving others; (they lead a life of deception)</font><br> 1) (vanji) 6b tr<br> 2) (mayakku) 3 tr<br> 3) (eemaattu) 3 tr<br> 4) (vanji) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deceived, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosam poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become tricked or cheated; be swindled, defrauded, cheated, tricked, hoodwinked, hoaxed, dupeed, taken in, misled, deluded, fooled, outwitted, led on, inveigled, beguiled, double-crossed, gulle<br> <br> <font size=+1>en toozarunganaale naan moosampooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was deceived by my friends</font><br> 1) (eemaanduTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (eemaandu poo) 3b intr<br> 3) (eemaaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decelerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeham kore)</font> 6b tr <br> slow down, reduce speed<br> <br> <font size=+1>meeTupaLLamaa irukkradunaale vaNTiyooTa veehatte koreccu ooTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to decelerate--the road is full of bumps</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meduvaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go slow; slow down<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When you get to the curve, decelerate somewhat.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decentralize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(panmohappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> distribute (administrative powers, etc.) over less concentrated areas; disperse (powers, etc.) from the center; devolve<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The governments of some European countries have tried to decentralize somewhat by creating regional authorities of various sorts</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> determine; conclude; resolve; make a decision<br> <br> <font size=+1>taamadikkaama siikkram muTivu seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to decide soon, without any delay</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirppaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> contribute clarity; negotiate differences; seek agreement between two parties<br> <br> <font size=+1>kurippiTTa reNTu kaccikkaarangaLum oru mattiyastukku varaNum appaTiNNu anda niidipadi tiirpaLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge decided that the two parties should come to an agreement.</font><br> 1) (tiirppu sollu) 3c tr<br> 2) (tiiru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come to or make a decision; make up o's mind; resolve, determine; elect, choose, opt, plan, aim, have the intention, have in mind, set o's sights on.<br> <br> <font size=+1>siikkaram oru teLivaana muTivukku vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Come to a clear decision soon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirmaani)</font> 6b tr <br> determine; resolve; set; fix a time or date<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiivira yoosanekkappuram teerdalla nikka tiirmaanicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>After considerable contemplation, I have decided to stand in the elections</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (muTivu seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nicceyi)</font> 6b tr <br> determine, find out s.t.; fix a date, make firm<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta tai maasattule mahanukku kalyaaNam seyya pettavanga niccayiccirukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The parents have definitely decided to get their son married come next January</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decimate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perumpahudiye azi)</font> 6b tr <br> destroy (a large proportion of); devastate; annihilate, massacre<br> <br> <font size=+1>amerikkaa hirooshimaavooTa perumpahudiye aNuhuNTaale aziccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>With the atom bomb, America decimated the city of Hiroshima</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decipher</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arttam kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> make out the meaning of (an obscure passage, inscriptions, illegible handwriting, a code, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda koraLooTa arttam kaNTupiTikkradu kashTamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The meaning of this stanza is difficult to decipher</font><br> 1) (paTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sangeedatte kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> make out a code; decode; decrypt, break, work out, solve, interpret, translate; make sense of, get to the bottom of, unravel; crack, figure out; interpret, construe, work out, unravel, unfold<br> <br> <font size=+1>sangeedatte kaNTupiTikka veLinaaTTu nibunarunga vandurukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Foreign experts have been brought in to decipher the code</font><br> 1) (poruL kaNTu-piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decisive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be resolute; be clear and unwavering over a decision<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??inda vishayattule nee muTivaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to be more decisive about this matter</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maNNe kavva seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> knock down; floor, bring down, defeat; make s.o. bite the dust<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooTTiNNu vanduTTaa ediraaLiye maNNe kavvaseyyrdudaan en oree kurikkooL</font><br> <font size=+1>My only aim in a competition is to deck my opponent</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>declaim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mozakkamiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make a speech rhetorically, forcefully, and loudly<br> !<br> <font size=+1>peeccule mozamiTTaa pooraadu; senjukaaTTaNum!</font><br> <font size=+1>It is not enough to declaim grandly, you need to show some action!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>declare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> state, assert, ordain; announce solemnly, openly, formally or officially; make clearly known; proclaim, reveal, air, voice, articulate, express, vent, set forth, publicize, broadcast;<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda aaNe adihaara puurvamaa eTuttu sollappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This order is being declared officially</font><br> 1) (urudi sollu @Nc tr@) 3 tr<br> 2) (prahaTanappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cease (batting in cricket, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>sacin tannooTa aaTTatte muTiciTTadukkappuram naan kaLam erangureen</font><br> <font size=+1>Once Sachin declares his innings, I will enter the field</font><br> 1) (niccayamaa sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>declare against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ediraa muTivu terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> promulgate a decision against the interests of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niidibadi arasukku ediraa muTivu teriviccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge declared against the government</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>declare for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saarbaa muTivu terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> promulgate a decision in favor of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niidimanrattula en maamaavukku saarbaa muTivu terivicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The court has declared in favor of my uncle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>declare peace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amaidi arivippu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> announce a state of peace<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After Germany capitulated, the allies declared peace</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>declare war</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poor arivippu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> announce a state of war<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNTenaaTu namma naaTu meele poor arivippu senjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>A country bordering ours has declared war on us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decline</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sari)</font> 2b intr <br> fall in value, etc.; slope or incline downward; go down<br> <br> <font size=+1>tangattooTa vele inda maasam sarinjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The cost of gold has declined this month</font><br> 1) (kunTru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maru)</font> 6 tr <br> refuse an answer or response, deny<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa suttulaa pooha ava maruttuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She declined to come along with me to the fair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr <br> sink, fade away, eclipse; diminish, fall in strength, etc<br> <br> <font size=+1>eLavarasar kaayam aTenjadukappuram avanga balam mangiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Their strength has declined after the prince got wounded</font><br> 1) (kore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sangeedatte kaNTupiTi)</font> tr <br> decipher, make out (as a code)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda sangeedatte kaNTupiTikka kuurmeyaana arivu veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need a sharp brain to decode this</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decontrol</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((kaTTuppaaTTe) niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove (control or constraint); release (a commodity, market, etc.) from controls or restrictions. <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the war was over, prices were decontrolled, and inflation set in immediately.</font><br> 1) (kanTrool eTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decorate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alangari)</font> 6b tr <br> beautify, adorn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu viiTTe alangarikk'a ava ennellaam seyyraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is doing all kinds of things to decorate and beautify her new home</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(alangari)</font> 6b tr <br> adorn, beautify, put on ornaments; deck out with beautiful things<br> <br> <font size=+1>innakki kalyaaNam naTakka irukkara kuuTatte rompa nallaa alangariccirukkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have decorated the marriage hall, where the marriage function is to take place today, in a beautiful manner.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sooTi)</font> 6b tr <br> deck, adorn with flowers, jewels, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda meeTe alangaaram puuvungaLeyum nalla aaparaNangaLeyum koNTu sooTiccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The stage has been decorated with flowers and jewels</font><br> 1) (azahu-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(azahupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make beautiful, adorn; spruce up; (inf.) gussy up<br> - <br> <font size=+1>pongal annekki viiTTe nallaa azahu-paTuttuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The house will be decorated on the Pongal holiday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(azahu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make beautiful, adorn<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ponnu tannooTa bommehaLe vidavidamaa azahu seyvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My daughter decorates her dolls in many different ways</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (alangaaram paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(gauravi)</font> 6b tr <br> honour or confer a distinction upon s.o.; bestow an honor or title on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sangiida meedeNNu paTTatte kuTuttu anda vidavaane gauraviccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They honored the scholar by decorating him with the title of "Sangeeda Meedai"</font><br> 1)j (jooTi) 6b tr<br> 2) (padakkam aLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decorated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alangaram seyyi @nb intr@)</font> 4 intr <br> be covered, decorated with s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooville denamum saamiye alangaaram seyvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the temple the lord is decorated on a daily basis.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decrease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 2b intr <br> ebb; flow back; be diminished; cf. also lessen, reduce, drop, decline, dwindle, fall off; die down, abate, subside, tail off, wane; plummet, plunge. <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The flow of lava has decreased, now that the volcano has stopped erupting</font><br> 1) (vattu) 3 intr<br> 2) (kore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siru)</font> 6 intr <br> grow small; shrink; diminish; go down, decline<br> <br> <font size=+1>inimee jeyikkra vaayppu sirittiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The chances of winning from now on have decreased</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> make short or less; cause to grow smaller; lower<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTambe korekka naan romba kashTapaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I struggled a lot to decrease my body weight</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decree</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uttaravu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give an order or decree; ordain, rule, order, command, dictate, lay down, prescribe, pronounce, proclaim, enact, adjudge, enjoin, direct, decide, determine. <br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadingaLukku yaarum udavakkuuTaaduNNu arasu uttaravu pooTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government decreed that noone should help the terrorists</font><br> 1) (tiirppu sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaLeyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give a command; issue an order; ordain<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasar enna kaTTaLeyiTTaalum marupeeccillaama arasiyaar keeppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The queen will obey whatever the king decrees, without any objections</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>decry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ninji)</font> tr <br> censure; blame; condemn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people have decried the use of our armed forces in Iraq</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dedicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arppaNam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> devote o.s. to; consecrate; set apart s.t. for a special occasion or sacred purpose<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaandi tannooTa vaazkkeye podunalanukkaaha arppaNam senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Gandhi dedicated his life for the good of humanity</font><br> 1) (arppaNiccuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samarppi)</font> 6b tr <br> inscribe a book, etc., to a person, cause, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pustahatte sarasvati deeviyooTa kaalungaLLe samarppikkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am dedicating this book to the feet of Goddess Saraswati</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (samarppaNam seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deduct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> subtract from wages; reduce; exclude; subtract; hold back or aside<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTutta kaTane inda maasam sambaLattuleerundu piTiccikoonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Deduct the loan I took from this month's salary</font><br> 1) (taLLu) 3 tr<br> 2) (kore) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deep(er), make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aazamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> deepen; amplify; go more deeply or profoundly<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuziye aazamaakkinadukkappuram ceTiye naTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Make the hole deeper and then plant the tree</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deep, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aazamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be far down; be profound; be cunning or artful; be abstruse<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaayam aazamaa irukkradunaale aara sela vaarangaLaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the wound is deep, it will take a few weeks for it to heal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deepen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become intense or deep, as anxiety, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kavale adihamaayiTTaa avan oTalnele baadikkappaTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>His health may be affected if his depression deepens</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deface</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aziccu keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> disfigure by effacing or erasing; spoil the appearance or beauty of; mutilate; rub out, erase, as traces, memory, inscriptions, etc.; destroy<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>talibaankaaranga baamyanle nereya seleyellaam aziccukkeTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Taliban defaced many statues around Bamyan</font><br> 1) (urukkeTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (aziccuTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (urukkule) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kirukki keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> spoil by scrawling or doodling; ruin<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan varenja paTatte kozande peenaavaala kirukki keTutturiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child scribbled on my drawing with a pen and defaced it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avasuuru seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> slander, libel; attack or damage the reputation of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa ediringa avane avaduuru seyraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>His enemies are defaming him</font><br> 1) (tuuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peyare keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> damage the good name of; slander, libel, cast aspersions on, asperse, blacken the name/character of, malign, smear, run down, speak evil of, backbite, vilify, traduce, besmirch, defile, stigmatize, di<br> <br> <font size=+1>ameccarooTa peyare keTukka edoo suuzcci naTakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>There is some kind of conspiracy to defame the minister</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>default</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poohaadadu)</font> 3 tr <br> fail to go s.w.; fail to show up, as a sports team; fail to complete s.t. on time<br> <br> <font size=+1>neerattule poohaadadunaale paariiksheye kuTukkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I defaulted in the exam because I didn't get there in time</font><br> 1) (seyya tavaru) 3 tr<br> 2) (tooNa tavaru) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTukkattavaru)</font> 3 tr <br> fail to give or repay what is owed, as a loan etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He defaulted on the loan, so his house was repossessed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defeat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tookkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> overcome; subdue; conquer, beat<br> <br> <font size=+1>krikkeTTule indiyaave tookkaTikkradu sulabamille</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not easy to defeat India in cricket</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muriyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> annul; counter; beat, conquer, win a victory over, get the better of, vanquish, rout, trounce, thrash, overcome, overpower, overthrow, overwhelm, crush, quash, quell, subjugate, subdue, repulse, bring<br> <br> <font size=+1>naasakkaara kumbaluTeya sadittiTTam puuraaveyum eppaTiyoo muriyaTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The plan of the anti-social elements was somehow defeated.</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (viizttu) 3 tr<br> 3) (muri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uruTTi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> win over by clamorous argument<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In the debate, we defeated their arguments and won the match</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defeated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taharu)</font> 2 intr <br> be frustrated; be vanquished; come to nothing<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After I didn't get the job I wanted, I felt defeated</font><br> 1) (toolvi aTe) 2b intr<br> 2) (sede) 2b intr<br> 3) (toolu) 5d intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defecate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(reNTukkuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> discharge feces, go to the bathroom, go to stool, (vulg.:) (take a) shit; do `number two'<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>graamattule reNTukkupoohaNum-NNu solluvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the villages, they say 'I have to do number two' when they need to defecate.</font><br> 1) (veLikki poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (malamkazi) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taavu)</font> 3 tr <br> desert o's party or country to join another<br> ~1 0~ <br> <font size=+1>@1Lnj0@-le, avan amerikkaavlerundu rashshiyaavukku taavinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In 1950, he defected from the U.S. to the Soviet Union</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaadaanam sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> justify o's actions, position, etc<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I defended what I did by showing that anything else would have been even worse</font><br> 1) (taa) 2 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paaduhaappu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make safe by protection or guarding<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>People think we're defending our country by sending troops to Iraq!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(edir azakkaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a defense; represent as legal counsel in a court; contest as a defendant in a court of law<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Who will defend you in court when you appear for the case?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> rise up to the occasion and ward off attack<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuravaLiye samaaLikkamuTiyaama makkaL tavikkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People are unable to defend themselves from the cyclone, and are suffering a lot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(otti pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> postpone; put off; adjourn<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze penjadunaale talaivar kuuTatte naaLekki otti pooTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The (party) leader deferred the meeting until tomorrow because of today's rain</font><br> 1) (taLLi vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (taLLi pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deficient, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koreppaTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be defective, be inadequate, useless<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His response was totally deficient, so the work will have to be redone</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 7 intr <br> be wanting or lacking; be inadequate, insufficient, limited, poor, scant; be short of/on, be low on some quality or quantity<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The program for hurricane and tsunami relief was deficient</font><br> 1) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defile</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karpazi)</font> 6 tr <br> rape<br> <br> <font size=+1>karpaziccavangaLukku maraNadaNTane vazangappaTaNumaaNNu oru vivaadam ezundurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There is a debate whether people who defile women by rape should be given the death sentence or not</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aasaaram keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pollute; make ritually impure, unfit for ceremonial use<br> j !<br> <font size=+1>kuLikkaama puuje arekkuLLe nozenju aacaaram keTuttuTTe!</font><br> <font size=+1>You have defiled and polluted the prayer room by entering it without first taking a bath!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>define</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vareyaru)</font> 6 tr <br> limit; circumscribe; determine the limits of; state exactly what (a thing) is; state precisely, spell out, describe, explain, expound, interpret, elucidate, clarify.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vareyarutta tarattule illaada poruLellaam anumadikkamaaTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We will not allow goods that are not up to the defined quality standard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaa teri)</font> 2b 3 pn <br> be clearly visible, as the form or outline of; be made clear<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna seyyanumNu teLivaa teriviccaadaan ennaale seyyamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll be able to do it only if you clearly define what needs to be done</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deflate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaatte eTuttuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release or let the air out of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>baluunlerundu kaatte eTuttuviTTadum kozande aza aarambicuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child started crying as soon as I deflated the balloon</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deformed, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooNalaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become distorted, twisted, bent out of shape<br> <br> <font size=+1>vibattule avan eTadu kai kooNalaayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His left hand became deformed in the accident</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defraud</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> deprive by fraud; defraud, cheat, trick, dupe, deceive, fool, hoax, hoodwink, bamboozle; (inf.) fleece, do (in), con, sting, diddle, swizzle, rip off, take for a ride, pull a fast one on, put one ov<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam moosaTi senjavangaLe kaidu seyyappaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Those who defrauded (us) of the money were arrested</font><br> 1) (eeyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> cheat; swindle; gyp<br> <br> <font size=+1>en maamaave yaaroo oruttan eemaattiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody defrauded my uncle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defrauded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosampoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be defrauded or cheated; be swindled, robbed, fleeced, stung, duped, rooked, bilked, tricked, fooled, taken in, hoodwinked, misled, deluded, deceived, beguiled, outwitted; (inf.) gypped, conned, rip<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan inda taTaveyum moosampooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have been defrauded this time as well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eelu)</font> 5 tr <br> bear or pay for<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??avare {\d d}illikki varacconnaanga, aanaa yaarum selave eelaleNNu irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was summoned to Delhi but nobody offered to defray his expenses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>defy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(savaal viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> challenge; openly resist or refuse to obey; stand up to s.o.; take issue with s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>gurukke sishyan savaal viTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The disciple challenged the master himself</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eduru)</font> 6 tr <br> resist; oppose; stand up to; refuse to obey<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane eduttu ninnavangaLe avan ozikkaama viTTadille</font><br> <font size=+1>He has not spared anyone who defied him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>degenerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siirazi)</font> 2b intr <br> decline; deteriorate; go down in quality; get worse<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>That ancient civilization began to degenerate after they experienced floods, drought, and invasions from enemies.</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> deteriorate; fall off in quality; (inf.) go to pot, to the dogs, to hell<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??anda poorukku appram, vaazkkeyum vasadiyellaam keTTuppooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the facilities of modern life degenerated after the war</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>degrade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tarangure)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce in quality; lower the standard of; debase; make o.s. worse or lower<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>With their pollution, they have managed to degrade vast areas of natural habitats</font><br> 1) (koreccukkoo @sh tr@) 1 tr<br> 2) (taazttu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dehumanize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manidattanmeye ezakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> deprive of human qualities; deprive of individuality<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane nereya varushanga cittiravade senju avan manidattanmeye ezakka senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was tortured for many years, which completely dehumanized him</font><br> 1) (tanittanmeye ezakka seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dehydrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niirniikku)</font> 3 tr <br> (chem.) remove water, deprive s.t. of water; dry s.t. out<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Hiking in the desert will tend to dehydrate you, so take plenty of water along</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iirampookku)</font> 3 tr <br> dry, remove moisture<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Dehydrated fruits can be rehydrated by steeping them in water</font><br> 1) (iirapp-aseye pookku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTavuLaa paavi)</font> 6b tr <br> regard s.t. or s.o. as a deity, a god<br> <br> <font size=+1>visiri saamiyaare palapeeru kaTavuLaa paaviccu vaNangraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people deify the 'visiri saamiyaar'</font><br> 1) (teyvam-aakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (kaTavuL poola baavi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTavuLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make a god of; regard s.t. or s.o. as god<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaavi oTe aninjavanga ellaareyum kaTavuLaakkiTaadenga</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't deify everyone who is in saffron robes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruL seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be gracious or kind; (condescend to) grant or accept<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuL aruL senjaadaan inda kaariyatte nammaala muTikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>We can finish this task only if God deigns it</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyaa nene)</font> 6b tr <br> think fit or right; think in accordance with o's dignity; bother o.s. to do s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was supposed to finish the work, but didn't deign to come in that day.</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deject</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soorvuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dispirit; dishearten; deject<br> [...] <br> <font size=+1>[...] soorvuuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nothing dejects a trader like the interruption of his profits. </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dejected, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soondiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be low-spirited; be tired; be downcast or dispirited; sag or droop; feel low<br> <br> <font size=+1>surusuruppaa illaama eppavum soondirukkiye</font><br> <font size=+1>You always look dejected instead of being bright and chipper</font><br> 1) (sali) 6b tr<br> 2) (soohamaa iru) 7 intr<br> 3) (manamoTe) 2b intr<br> 4) (soonduTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTenju poo @(Nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del attack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa modalaaLiye kaNTabaTi tuuttradudaan anda veeleyaaLooTa moda veele</font><br> <font size=+1>attacking the reputation of his boss is the main occupation of that worker</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del conspire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzcci seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>madattalevare suuzcci senju kaidu senjuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They conspired against the religious leader had him arrested</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del. summon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varavaze)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>dayriyatte varavazeccu peesat toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He summoned up his courage and started talking</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: derange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paittiyamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make insane; drive s.o. crazy<br> <br> <font size=+1>cittiravade senjusenju avaLe paittiyamaakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They kept torturing her and eventually she was totally deranged</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: abandon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give up or quit, as a job, an attempt, a venture, etc. (cf. bag, throw in the towel, call it a day)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda veeleye viTTuTa pooraa</font><br> <font size=+1>We must not abandon this undertaking</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: approach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>niiNTa payaNattukku apparam avan viiTTe nerunginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After a long journey, he finally approached his house.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: bear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(some)</font> 7 tr <br> dupe<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avaLaale paavam evvaLavu baaram daan somekka muTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>Poor thing, how much can she bear, after all?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: button</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pottaan kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> button doesn't mean "sew buttons on s.t."!<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ennooTe saTTekki pottaan kaTTi viTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She sewed buttons on my shirt.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: buy low</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malivaa vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>malivaa vaangi oyanda velekki vittaa nalla laabam eerpaTum</font><br> <font size=+1>We can make a good profit if we buy low and sell at a high price</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuNTule aTe)</font> 6 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiLiye kuuNTule aTekkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't cage the parrot!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: calculate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda vibattooTa madippazippe eppuTi kaNakkiTamuTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can we calculate the damage from this accident?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda tohengaLe nii konjam suuTTi kuTukka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Could you calculate these numbers for me?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: call</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava teruvule vizundadum odavikki kuuvinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>when she fell down in the street, she called for help.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuupTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava sinimaakku poohumellaam enne kuupTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She called me whenever she went to the movies.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa kuupiTTa oTanee poohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must go immediately if mother calls you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: calm (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amedipaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> - <br> <font size=+1>ameccaru kuuTTatte amedi paNNi peesa aarambiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Minister calmed the crowd down and then began his speech.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teettu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe teettavee muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>They just couldn't calm her down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: calm down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amediyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaNavanga amediyaa irundaa avangaLukku naTakka veeNTiyadellaam naTakkum. adule sandeeham oNNum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>if the students calm down and remain peaceful, I'm sure their grievances can be dealt with</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: calm s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amedi paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ange periya kalavaram naTandu varudu; niingadaan taleyiTTu ade eppaTiyaavadu amedippaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a big hullabaloo going on there. Please intervene somehow and calm them down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: calm, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amediyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii amediyaa irundaa onakku ellaamee nallapaTi naTakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>if you are calm and quiet then I think everything will be alright for you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: calm, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amediyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar uLLe vandadum areyle ameydiyaTenjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the teacher walked in, the room calmed down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ooyi)</font> 2b intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattri pattu maNikki appuram taan teruvule sattam oonjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was only after ten at night that the street sounds calmed down.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: camp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTaaram aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu naaL taan nii avanga viiTTule kuuTaaram aTikkamuTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How long can you go on camping in their house?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(periya ezuttu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> not a useful modern verb!<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu mukkiyamaana samaajaaratteyellaam nii sinna ezuttaale kaamikkakkuuTaadu; periya ezuttu pooTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>You shouldn't write such important stuff in lower case; use caps!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: caper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLi kudi)</font> 6b intr <br> moved to syn<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda sinna kozandenga tuLLi kudippade paattaa sandooshamaa irukku!</font><br> <font size=+1>When I see these little kids capering about, it makes me happy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: capture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B>3 tr <br> dupe<br> . . . <br> <font size=+1>it's very important to mention that the DMK political front has captured a majority of the seats in this election</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: card</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pannu)</font> 3 tr <br> comb cotton with the fingers<br> f <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: care</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeNu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viruppam vayyi @(rb intr)@)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>celvi ava taattaa meela romba viruppam vecchirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Selvi cared a lot about her grandfather</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: care, feel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaleppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>payyanoTa oTalnelaya nenaccu avanoTa amma kavalappattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother was anxious about her son's health</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaleppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>payyanoTa oTalnelaya nenaccu avanoTa amma kavalappattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother was anxious about her son's health</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: careful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizippaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman tannooTa veevaarattule eppavum vizippaa irukkradu ellaarooTe kavanatteyum iirttirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman has been very careful with his work, and this has attracted the attention of several people.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLiyuurukku poorappa naama, namma poruLkaLepatti romba gavanamaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>When we travel we have to be very careful about our personal effects</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: caricature</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeliccittiram aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pattirigeyle aar kee lakshman indiya pradama mandiriye keeliccittaram aakkinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>R. K. Laxman caricatured the Indian prime minister in this magazine.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: carouse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyaaTTam aaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> move to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tirumaNa samayattule virundaaLinga taNNi aTiccu kuTiyaaTTam aaTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During weddings, the guests are prone to drinking and carousing.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: carp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTakku peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda nalla naaLule nalla vishiyam peesaama een ippuTi iTakku peesare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you carping on this good occasion instead of saying happy things?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: carry out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu peeraasiriyaru tore toTarbaana kaariyangaLe romba nallaa nereveettunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The new professor carried out his departmental duties very effectively</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaNTile eettikkiTTupoo)</font> 3b tr <br> moved to syn<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>mun kaalattule ivvaLavu kaTenga keTeyaadu. vyaapaararunga saamaangaLe vaNTile eettukkiTTupoonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the past, they didn't have so many shops. Merchants just carted their wares around (door to door)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: carve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sedukki uruvaakku)</font> 3b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda sirpatte sedukki uruvaakka romba maasam aaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It took months to carve this sculpture.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>on gavanatte konjam paTippu meeleyum seluttu</font><br> <font size=+1>Cast your attention a little over your studies too.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaar)</font> 6 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu azakaana vengala sirpptte vaarkka avunga enge kattukkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Where did they learn to cast such beautiful bronzes?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cast (aside)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivane maTTum ippuTi eTuttuppooTradu nallaallee</font><br> <font size=+1>It's really not nice to cast him aside like this.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cast + particle</b></font><br> <font size=+1>They don't have any idea of what to do, and are just casting about for answers and ideas.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ere)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNatte avan munnaale erenjaalum tannooTe kaNukku munnaale irukkrade avan paakka maaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Even if you cast money in front of him, he won't notice what's in front of his very eyes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cast a spell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa mahane avanooTa poNTaaTTi eedoo vasiyam senju mayakkiyirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>my daughter-in-law has somehow cast a spell over my son and brought him totally under her control</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cast aspersions</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava nalla tahavalillaama mattavangaLe tuuttuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She casts aspersions on people without knowing much about them.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: castrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNme pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> emasculate (of men)<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNme pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> emasculate (of men)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: catcall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siizkke aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>mantiriyoda tiTTatta keeTToTana avauruppinarunka ellaarum siizkke aTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All the house members made catcalls on hearing the minister's proposal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: catch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii veehamaa ooTinaa anda basse puTikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If you run fast, you can catch that bus.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: catch (fire)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuLu)</font> 6 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>neettu en sameyal areyle tiTiiruNNu aTuppu veTittuccu; inda vibattunaale viiTTu saamaanellaam adanaale vanda neruppule muuLtuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The stove in my kitchen suddenly exploded yesterday; everything in the house caught fire in this accident.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: catch up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ede pattiyum kavale paTaama irundum vaazkkeyle eppaTi mundinaaNNu puriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know how he managed catch up with us all, despite being so laid back.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cater</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virundu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>There'll be a lot of people at the wedding, so we'll have to have it catered</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: catholicize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattoolikkar aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>kattoolikkar aavuvadu anumatikkalaama kuuTaataannnu saTTasapaila vivaaticcaangka</font><br> <font size=+1>It was debated in the House whether catholicization can be permitted or not</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: caught, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ahappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>cingam kuunTula ahappaTTuruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The lion got caught in the cage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viLaivi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>taan senjha tappungkaLa eNii paakkanum</font><br> <font size=+1>One should think about the effect of one's misdeeds.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be the cause of; make happen, bring about, give rise to, begin, create, produce, originate, occasion, generate, effect, engender, lead to, result in, precipitate, provoke<br> <br> <font size=+1>sanNTaiku yaar kaaraNaamaa iruntaalum viTamaaTToomnu atikaari sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The official said that they would not pardon anybody who caused the fight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLevi)</font> 6b tr <br> bring about, as an effect; produce; effectuate, carry out, make, produce, create, give rise to, perform, achieve, accomplish, complete, fulfill, implement, execute, actuate, initiate. <br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavangaLukku tunbam veLevikkaama irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not cause sorrow to others</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause acute pain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTe)</font> 2b tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vade)</font> 6b tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause an uproar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakkiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> stir up<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause dizziness</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suzuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taleye suzuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNe suzattu)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. swim before the eyes<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause s.t. to do or be s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLevi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause; effect; undergo<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause; make cause s.t. to do or be s.t.<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause; create, produce<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to agree</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring into existence<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to be done</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ? </B> <font size=+1>(ceyvi)</font> 6b tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to be sent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> get rid of; send off; dispatch<br> <font size=+1>They caused a letter to be sent that implied that an attack was imminent</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to bear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taanga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make s.o. endure or stand s.t.<br> <font size=+1>During the war years, we were made to bear certain hardships and indignities</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to bend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neLiya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to carry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(somakka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to cast metals</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaarppi)</font> 6b tr <br> bring about the manufacture of poured-metal objects, such as statues, ornaments, etc.<br> <font size=+1>During the Chola period, the kings caused beautiful bronze images of deities to be cast</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to catch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> bring about the arrest, apprehension, or seizure of s.o.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTane piTikka senjaa parisu tarradaa pooliis ariviccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police have announced a reward for anyone helping them to catch the thief</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to drop/fall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viza seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn <br> <br> <font size=+1>puuneye evvaLavu oyarattulerundu viza senjaalum adu tannooTa kaal meeledaan vizum</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter what height a cat is dropped from, it will always land on its feet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to enjoy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anubavikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make s.o. appreciate the beauty of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>krishnar tannooTe pullaangozalooTa inimeye raadaye anubavikka senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Lord Krishna made Radha enjoy the sweet sound of his flute</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to enter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> involve, persuade<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uTpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> involve, persuade<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(??pookku?)</font> 3 tr <br> insert<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to fade or wither</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to fall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viza seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan koobattule peTTiye kiizee viza senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I let the box fall in anger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to govern</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooccu)</font> 3 tr <br> never heard of this verb!<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTci seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLevi)</font> 6b tr <br> set; plant; cultivate<br> <br> <font size=+1>payiru inda varusham nallaa veLenjirukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The crops have grown well this year</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to increase, as a flame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fan a fire?<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to raise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> lift up; wake up; resurrect<br> <br> <font size=+1>innum padinanju nimishattule enne ezuppuNNu en taattaa enkiTTe sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather asked me to wake him up after 15 minutes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to realize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNattu)</font> 3 tr <br> make clear, cause some thought<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to say</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(solla vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make or force s.o. say s.t.; extract a confession<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis tiruTana aLicchu unmaya solla vecchaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The guard struck the thief and forced him say the truth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to sing and chant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaTa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> induce or convince s.o. to vocalize<br> <br> <font size=+1>peNpaakka poonapoodu en maneviye naan paaTavecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I went to see my prospective wife before our marriage, I made (i.e. asked) her to sing something</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to slide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sari)</font> 6b tr <br> roll, let fall down<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNale vaNTiyileerundu kiizee sarittuviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Slide down the sand from the vehicle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to smoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poheya viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause smoke to be created or emitted<br> <br> <font size=+1>neruppe adihamaa poheyaviTTadaale enakku muuccu tenariTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I let the fire get out of hand and create a lot of smoke, I got suffocated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to stop or rest on s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> stop; arrest; discontinue an action, practice, or habit; completely check the progress or motion of. effectively hinder or prevent <br> <br> <font size=+1>panda taTutti nirutti enkiTTe viisu</font><br> <font size=+1>Stop the ball and throw it to me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to subdue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 6b tr <br> mitigate, soften; die down; overcome, quieten, or bring under control; conquer, subjugate, or tame.<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamaavooTe koobam taNinjappuram avarkiLLe peesippaakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's wait until uncle's anger is subdued, and then try talking to him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to turn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn around, make s.t. revolve; circle, spin, whirl, twirl, gyrate, swivel. <br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTiye valadupakkam tiruppi neeraa poonaa ennooTe viiTu teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you make a turn to the right and and then go straight, you'll see my house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to walk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> lead; make s.o. go somewhere on foot<br> <br> <font size=+1>maalan tannooTa maneviye ellaa eTangaLukkum naTattiyee kooTiTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Whenever Malan and his wife went anywhere, he made her walk everywhere</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cause to wither or fade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olattu)</font> 3 tr <br> make or become dry and shriveled; make s.t. wilt, droop, go limp, fade, perish. <br> <br> <font size=+1>ceTihaLe olaraviTaama denam taNNii uuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should water the plants daily and not let them wither</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aru)</font> 6 tr <br> put an end to; break<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cease to exist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( b g)~</B> <font size=+1>(saa @(shb irreg)@ settu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: celebrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusha diipaavaLi paNTiheye vimarseyaa koNTaaTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should celebrate Deepavali festival this year in a big way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cement</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(simeNT puusu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii suvarin oorangaLe simeNT puusi valupaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>?You need to firm up the edges of the wall with cement</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: censure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinnavanga tappusenjaa oTanee kaNTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should censure children immediately when they make mistakes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: center</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maiyattule vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>inda paTatte sovarule maiyattule vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Put this picture right in the center of the wall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maiyankkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> delete<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuraaLi kaattu vangakaTalle maiyankoNTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The hurricane is centered in the Bay of Bengal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: centralize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maiyamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezaingaLe maiyaamaakki oru kadaye uruvaakkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to write a story with the poor as the subject</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mattiya aaTcikki uTpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <font size=+1>After the American Civil War, power became more and more centralized in the federal government.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: chaff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeliyaa peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe (with tease)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan neerattule varaadadanaale naan avankiTTe keeliyaa peesineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I chaffed (chuffed) him for not coming on time.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padaraaku)</font> 3b intr <br> not a verb!<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: chalk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(caakkukkaTTiyaale ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> write with a piece of chalk; make temporary plans for<br> <br> <font size=+1>does not illustrate the verb 'chalk'</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: challenge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arekuuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>enkiTTe moodippaakka enda kavinjanukkum terame illeNNu veLinaaTTuk kavinjan arekuuvinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The foreign poet threw out the challenge that no poet anywhere was good enough to compete with him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(edirppu terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga muTivu tappungradunaale naan adukku edirppu terivikka pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>They made a wrong decision and so I'm going to challenge it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oru kai paar)</font> 6 tr <br> does not illustrate a verb<br> <br> <font size=+1>savaalNu vanduTTaa oru kai paattuTaveeNTiyadudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>One should be ready for any challenge</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: challenged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oru kaypaattuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>niiyaa avanaaNNu iNNekki oru kaypaattuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Challenge him today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: champion</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parinjukoNTuvaa)</font> 2c intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahan enna tappu senjaalum ammaa parinjukoNTuvarradu iyarkedaane</font><br> <font size=+1>Isn't it natural that a mother will champion her son's cause, whatever be his mistakes?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: change</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ennooTa eNNatte muzusaa maattinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He changed my mind entirely.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nii irukkra eTam konjamum sariyille. adanaale unnooTa eTatte oTanee maattu</font><br> <font size=+1>the place where you're living is not good at all. You need to change your place of residence immediately</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> not nec<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattunaale paTTattooTa paade maarikkiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The path of the kite is constantly changing because of the wind</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(urumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTu poonadule aTeyaaLam teriyaada aLavukku urumaariTTiyee</font><br> <font size=+1>You have changed beyond recognition after going abroad</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: change color</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neram maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>neettu aTicca suNNaambu neram maariyirukku; een puriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The tinted whitewash we put on yesterday has changed color; I don't understand why.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: change money</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>puduTelli vimaana nelayattule TaalarkaLe ruupaayaa maattikko0</font><br> <font size=+1>Change your dollars to rupees in the airport in New Delhi</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: change o's place of residence</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam peyar)</font> 2 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: changed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirundu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga avanukku eTuttu sollalle appaTiNNaa avan konjamum tirunda maaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>if you don't give him proper advice, I'm sure he won't change for the better</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: changed, be, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiznaaTle saivamaa irunda avan veere eTangaLukku poonadum asaivamaa maariTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was a vegetarian while still in TamilNadu, but became a non-vegetarian once he travelled to other places</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: channel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalvaay veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tooTTa paadeyle neettu veeleyaaLarunga oru kaalvaay veTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Workers built a channel along this garden path yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: chant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause or teach to sing or chant<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> sing; warble<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: char</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kariyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiyile verahukattenge ellaam kariyaahiTuccunge</font><br> <font size=+1>All the logs got charred in the fire</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: charge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaNam sollu @(Nc intr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTram saaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>baalu edukkaaha en meele kuTram saaTTaraaNNu enakku puriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't understand why Balu is charging me [with a crime]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: charm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mandiri)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTukuTuppekkaaran raamuve mandiricciviTTaanNu enakku tooNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I have the feeling that the fortune-teller has put Ramu under a charm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: charmed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sokku)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTiheyooTa sirippule sokkaadavangaLee illeNNu sollalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can say that there is noone who is not charmed by the actress' smile</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: charred, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kari)</font> 2b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: chart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakkappaTam vare)</font> 2b tr <br> dupe<br> <font size=+1>We need to chart his progress at every step</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: chase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pin toTaru)</font> 2 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo enne pin toTarradu poola enakku neettikki kanavu vandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I had a dream yesterday where somebody was chasing me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan vandaa kaaval naay avane torattiviTTuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog will chase away any thief who comes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaTkaLe naTu roadlerundu ooTTikkiTTuppoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Chase away your goats from the middle of the road</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(toratti poo @(Nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappi ooTina kaidiye toratti pooyi piTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They chased the prisoner who escaped, and caught him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(torattiyooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaavaltore adihaaringa tiruTane torattiyooTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police chased the thief</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: chase away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pakkam naayunga vandaa oTanee torattiviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>If dogs come here, chase them away immediately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: chastise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cheap, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nayamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moed to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cheapen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vele korecci keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>vele korecci keeTTadukkappuram vaangaNumaa veenTaamaaNNu muTivuseyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Bargain with them--offer a cheaper price and then decide whether you want to buy it or not</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cheat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeyi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan soodaTTattule enne eeyttuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He cheated me at dice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>en nanbanee enne eemaattuvaaNNu naan edirppaakkavee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>I never imagined that my friend would cheat me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> ! !<br> <font size=+1>veere yaaraiyaavatu pooyi eemaattu. nii solra aLavukku miirina veleye naan koTukkamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Cheat someone else! I'm not paying your exorbitant prices!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: checked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangal aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cheer (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urcaaham uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>soondu poonapoodellaam maalaa enakku urcaaham uuTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Mala cheered me up whenever I got discouraged</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urcaahamuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> . <br> <font size=+1>tambi ippellaam romba varuttamaa irukkraan. niidaan avane urcaahappaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>little brother seems very sad these days. You need to cheer him up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cheerful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gushiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii een innukku ivvuLavu gushiyaay irukkee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you so cheerful today?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cherish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevule poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>We cherish the memory of his visit among us even though it was decades ago</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: chew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mellu)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: chew s.o. up, down, out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTu)</font> | <br> dupe<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan leeTTaa vandaa, enne tiTTuvaanga </font><br> <font size=+1>If I come late, he'll chew me out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: chop (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: close, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> moved to syn<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ippadaan ooraLavukku avanga reNTu beerum seendrukkraanga. initaan eppiTipoohuduNNu paakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>they have become closer only recently. We have wait and see how it works out after this</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: closed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>njaayittukezamengradunaale iNNikki kaTeyellaam muuTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>All shops are closed because it's a Sunday today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: co-ordinate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orinappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: coach</b></font><br> <font size=+1>(kattukuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaadyaaru kattukuTukkradule nallaa gavanam seluttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must pay close attention to what the teacher is coaching you to do</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: coalesce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzuvaa uruvaaku)</font> 3i <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>This group sort of coalesced by some natural process, because of their beliefs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cobble together</b></font><br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>We were unclear as to how to proceed, when he managed to cobble together a plan, and it worked</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: coerce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(accuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaavi makkaLe accurutti paNam parikkum kuuTTam oNNu ulaaviTTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a gang that's becoming prominent nowadays, that collects money through coercing people and exorting money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: coil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuungi ezundadum paaye suruTTi veyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Coil up the mat and put it aside after you wake up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: coiled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruLu)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>He was always coiled and ready for action</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: coincide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa ottiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Our arrival coincided with the visit of the president, so our flight was delayed for over an hour</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cold, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(jilliTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: collapse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tovaLu)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pasi taanga muTiyaame kozande tovaNTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>unable to bear the hunger, the child collapsed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangivizu)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyilkoTumayaale vayadaanavaru mayangivizunduTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of the intense heat, the old man collapsed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelasarivunaale sovaru kiize vizalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>The wall could collapse if there's a landslide</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn <br> <br> <font size=+1>balatta mazaila maranga saanjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Trees collapsed because of the heavy rains</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(iTinjuvizu)</font> 2 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTuveTippula nariya kaTTaTanga iTinju vizundu</font><br> <font size=+1>Many buildings collapsed due to the bomb blast</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyalle anda kuTise iTinjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>That hut collapsed in the storm.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: collect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>uur uuraa pooyi podu kaariyattukkaaha paNam teraTTuraanga anda paLLikkuuTa nirvaahinga</font><br> <font size=+1>the administrators of that school are visiting many places to collect money for the public welfare</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> dupe<br> . <br> <font size=+1>uur uuraa pooyi anda aaraaycciyaaLaru nereya tahavakkaLe seettaaru. adellaatteyum enna senjaaroo teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>That researcher visited a lot of places and collected enormous amounts of data, but I have no idea what he did with it all</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: collect (funds)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam seettu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma uurule pudusaa oru nuulaham toTanga niinga konjam paNamseettuk kuTuttaa, adu romba nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>it'd be good if you could help us by collecting some money to start a new library in our town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: comb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siivu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>eNNe teeccadukkappuram taleye nallaa siivu</font><br> <font size=+1>Apply conditioner to your hair and then comb it well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siivi muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: come near</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eydu (@N intr@))</font> 2c intr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>`??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: come of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>There was a new terrorist alert just before the election, but nothing came of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: come out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLivaa)</font> 2c intr <br> dupe<br> ?? ?? . <br> <font size=+1>naan pazeya maaTale kattiTTu irundeen. appa adeviTa veehamaa irukkum pudiyadu vezivandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was waiting for the older model, but then the new one came out, which is much faster</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: come quickly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saaraNNu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: come to light</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa peesinaa innum nereya vishayam veLippaTumNu naanga neneccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We thought that more information would come to light if we talked to him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: comfort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarudal aLi)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooTTiyile tootta avanukku aarudal aLicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I comforted him after he lost the competition</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(salippaattu)</font> tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>toyarattule irukkra naNbarhaLukku salippaattuvadu namma kaTame</font><br> <font size=+1>It is our duty to comfort our friends in sorrow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: comfortable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vacadiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNi vyaabaarattule nozenja enga aNNaa ippa nallaa vacadiyaa irukkraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>my older brother who went into the textile business is quite comfortable these days</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: comforted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarudalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNavar irandadukkappuram kozandedaan avaLukku aarudalaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>After her husband's death, she is getting comfort only from her child</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: command</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihaaram seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamu appappoo adihaaram selutti tannooTe veeleye muTiccippaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu sometimes assumes command, takes charge and gets the work done</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eevu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaNuva taLabadi paTengaLe eevinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The army general commanded the forces</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: commemorate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevu sinnam naaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The victims of 9/11 will be commemorated every year.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: commend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>maanilattuleeyee adiha madippeN pettadukkaaha modalvar enne foonle kuuppiTTu paaraaTTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I scored the maximum marks (out of all students) in the whole state, the chief minister called me over the phone and commended me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: comment</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karutture kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>en peeraasiriyar pala pustahangaLukku karutture kuTuttirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My professor has commented on various books</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: commercialize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaNikap paNpuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: commiserate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: common, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyle ezundavuTane paTippungradu vazakkamaahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>It should become a common habit to study right after waking up in the morning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: communicate with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarbu koo@(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda muhavariyule enne toTarbu koLLunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Communicate with me at this address</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: compare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppume kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu paTattuleyum oppumai kaaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Compare the two pictures</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: compassionate, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(irangu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anbaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>eeze eLiyavanga kiTTe enga modalaaLi eppavum anbaa irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our boss is always very compassionate with the poor and downtrodden</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: compensate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku enna nashTam vandaalum naan iiTu seyyareeNNu en appaa uukkuviccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father encouraged me by saying that he would compensate any loss that I incur</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu cey)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ezanda paNatteiiTu seyya kaTumayaa ozecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I worked hard to compensate for the lost money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: compensate (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu seyyi@(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr + dat <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>iiTu seyya muTiyaada nashTam eerpaTTuruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I have a loss which cannot be compensated for</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: competent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 1 intr <br> be possible or practical for s.t.<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: compile</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>pazeya nuulhaLe teraTTi paattu aaraayvoomaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we compile old books and research (using them)?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: complete</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muzumaiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: complete, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aar)</font> 2 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: compliment</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: comply</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: compound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kala)</font> 7 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: compress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn of flatten<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: comprise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLaTakkiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaLarre kozandengaLukku teeveyaana ellaa pooshaakkuhaLum idule aTangiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This comprises all nutrients essential for growing children</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: comprised of, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uTkoNTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: compromise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>en urimehaLe naan eNNikkum viTTukuTukkamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will never compromise on my rights</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samarasam senjukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeccuvaarteyinaale samarasam senjukkradudaan buddisaalittanam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is wise to reach a compromise by talking things out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: concatenate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cangiliyaal iNai)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: conceal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan enge oLiccuvacceeNNu naane maranduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I myself forgot where I concealed it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: concede</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ottukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu taan nalla more appaTiingradu inda kuuTTattule ottukiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>they conceded in the meeting that this would be a good measure, even in this small village</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: concentrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 6b intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattule elainga ellaam kiize vizuntu kuvinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The leaves concentrated in a heap because of the wind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: concentrated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 2b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: concern</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarpuTeyadaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??idu onne (onakku? onkiTTe?) toTarpuTeyadaa ille</font><br> <font size=+1>This doesn't concern you at all</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: condescend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNinju naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>peryavanga sollukku paNinju naTakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should condescend to what elders say</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: confect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varral iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: confess</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttatte terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLi kuttatte teriviccu taane saran aTenjuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The culprit himself surrendered and confessed his crime</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: confine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ellekkuTpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccuvayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTattalkaaranga enne iruTTu are oNNuttule aTeccuveccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The kidnappers confined me to a dark room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaavalle vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>They have confined him and are keeping him in custody</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: confirm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinga singappuur varrade siikkram urudippaTuttinaa nalladu. eeNNaa naan ade paatta perahudaan sela veelengaLe seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>it will be good if you could confirm your visit to Singapore. As soon as I hear from you, I'll be able to plan some projects</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urudippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippodaan ennooTa freNTu naaLekki kaaleyile inge varradu urudipaTuttapaTTu enakku iimeel vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I just now got an e-mail message confirming the arrival here of my friend tomorrow morning</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(urudippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadi suttukkolapaTTa ceydiya arasu adihaari urudippaTuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>A government official confirmed the news that the terrorist had been gunned down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(urudippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>karuttarangule pangu eekkradu patti avaru innum urudipaTuttalleyee</font><br> <font size=+1>he has not yet definitely confirmed his participation in the conference</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(urutippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naan cennekki porappaTradukku munnaaTiyee idepatti enakku urutippaTuttriyaa</font><br> <font size=+1>can you confirm this for me before I leave for Madras?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(urutippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu injiniyaru veeleyle seerrade patti iNNekkitaan urudisenji kaTidam ezudi irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>today in his letter the new engineer has confirmed his plans to take up employment here</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(uruti seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii naaLekki kalyaaNattukku varrade urudi senju solradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>it would be good if you would confirm your participation in the marriage function tomorrow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(urutippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>seydiye urudippaTuttaama pattirikkeyile ezudamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We cannot publish the news in the magazine unless we can confirm it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: conflict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ovvaadiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: confound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alandoolappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tii vebattu makkaLe alandoolappaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fire accident confounded everything and confused everybody</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: confounded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: confront</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edittunillu)</font> 5c tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda kashTam vandaalum edittunikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should confront any obstacle that you may come across</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ediriTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: confuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaarukku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maleppuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>modamodalle vandaboodu vimaanattooTa parakkra terame ellaareyum maleppuuTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the first airplane came along, its ability to fly amazed everyone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: confused, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(miraNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>en miraTTalle cinna payyan meraNTu pooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The little boy got confused and frightened by my threats</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(meraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>singatte paattu meraLaada manushan keTayaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>There is nobody who isn't scared by the sight of a lion</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(maruL)</font> 1 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: confuted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tool)</font> 5d intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: congeal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeTTiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTi)</font> 6b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: congest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTartti mirudiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: congratulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNmeyile indiyaavule naLanda teerdalle jeyicca pradamare manasaara vaazttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I congratulated the Prime minister on winning in the recent elections in India</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>indap podu teerdalle jeyicca ennooTa naNbane ingerundu tolepeesiyle vaazttuneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I phoned my friend long distance, the one who won in the recent general election, and congratulated him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: connect (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sampandappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> . <br> <font size=+1>vaattyaaru sonna reNTu karuttungaLeyum sammandappaTuttippaaru. adule edu sariNNu onakku puriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>please try to connect the two points expressed by our teacher, then you will understand which is correct</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: consecrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pradirshTe seyyi)</font> 2b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudukkooyile naaLekki pradirshTe seyyappooraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are going to consecrate the new temple tomorrow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: consent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariNNu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> moved to syn <br> <br> <font size=+1>en maamaa viruppattukku oTanee sariNNu sonneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I gave my consent immediately to my uncle's wish</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ovvu)</font> 3 intr <br> not right<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: conserve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeNu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>varushavarushamaa peeNikkaatta sottu idu</font><br> <font size=+1>This is wealth I have conserved over many years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: consider</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeru)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn <br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siirtuukkippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oor)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pahuttuppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>un ammaavooTa nelamaye nii eNNippaakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must consider the position of your mother</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: consist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: consist of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: console</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aattu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(calipparavai)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aarudal kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamukiTTe aarudal kuTukkra vaheyile peesu</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to give Ramu some consolation when you talk to him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(calippaarru)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: consoled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeru)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>manasu teerinadukkapuramdaan veelaikku pooha aarmbippeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will start going back to work only when I get my head together</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(calipputiiru)</font> 2 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: conspire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tandram seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sadiseyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn <br> j <br> <font size=+1>juuliyas siisare sadisenju konnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They conspired against Julius Caesar and killed him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(rahasyamaa tiTTamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaTshiye kavutta avan rahasiyamaa tiTTamiTTuTTu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is conspiring to bring down the rule of (a political) party</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: constituted, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ame)</font> 2b intr <br> not right<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: constrain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> force; compel<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He has to be constrained, or he'll hurt other people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: construct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eyattu)</font> 3 tr <br> del<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: construe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyttuNar)</font> tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: consult</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaccalukku maruttuvare paattuTTu varadu nalladuNNu nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think it is better to consult a doctor for the fever</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: contain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kudireye yaaraaleyum aTakka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can contain that horse</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: contained, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>periya pooraaTTattukkappuram tii aTangipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fire was contained after a long battle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: contaminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asuttappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyile naay asuttappaTuttiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog has contaminated the temple</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: contemplate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(yoosi)</font> 6b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTiya siikkram viiTu maattalaamaaNNu yoosiccikkiTTirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are contemplating a move in the near future</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: continue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTar)</font> 2 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTam amediyaanadukkappuram naan en peecce toTarndeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I continued with my speech after the crowd became quiet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarndu seyyi@(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>idee veeleye naan toTarndu seyya virumbareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wish to continue doing this job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: contract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppandam senjukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>viiTTu sondakkaararooTa oppandam senjukaame viiTTile eppaTi irukkamuTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can you stay in the house without making an agreement with the house owner?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: contradict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edittu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> !<br> <font size=+1>periyavangaLe edittu peesarade oTanee niruttikkoo!</font><br> <font size=+1>Stop contradicting your elders immediately!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: control</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jananaayahattule yaarum yaareyum aTakki aaLa muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can control or rule anybody else in a democracy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: contuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rattam kaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> not useful cause blood to be trapped under skin<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayilvaan en kaiye irukki piTiccadule kaiyile rattam kaTTinTuruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bodybuilder held my hand tight and blood clotted in my hands</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: convenient, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTipaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: conventionalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marapaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: conversant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakkamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He is very conversant with the subject of international treaties</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: converse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kulaavu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: convert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madam maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>sila prabalangaL kuuTa islaamiya madattukku maarinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>There are also a few celebrities who converted to Islam</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: converted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumpu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: convey</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTupoo)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: convict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttavaaLiNNu niruubi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLiNNu niruubikka ungakiTTe aadaaram irukka</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you have evidence to convict (the accused)?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttatte arivuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> not right<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: convince</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: convulsed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cook</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avi)</font> 6b tr <br> boil, as eggs<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Cook the eggs for twenty minutes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kadeviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make up a story; talk tall; tell tall tales<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadeviTaama uNmeye sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't cook up stories--tell us the truth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cooking, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veehu)</font> 2b intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>sooLatte veehaveccu saappiTTa rusiyaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you cook the corn and eat it, it will be tasty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cool down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aattu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinga kuTutta paalu romba suuTu. adanaale ade konjam aatti kuTungaLeen</font><br> <font size=+1>the milk that you brought me is very hot. Could you cool it for me?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cool off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>doose aarippoccunnaa rusi korenjurum</font><br> <font size=+1>The dosa will not taste that good once it becomes cold</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cool off/down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aattu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii kuTutta kaappi rompa suuTaa irukku. konjam aattikuTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>the coffee you gave me is very hot. Would you do something to cool it down for me?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaru)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> . <br> <font size=+1>paalu romba aarippoocci. niinga oTanee kuTiccaa nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk has cooled down sufficiently. It would be good if you drank it immediately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cool, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aari poo)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>paal aaripooradukku munnaale kozaindaikku kuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Give the milk to the child before it gets cold</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cooled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaru)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa koovam konjam aaraTTum. avanooTe ippa peesamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Let his anger cool a little bit; we can't talk to him right now.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: copious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ceri)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mihu)</font> 2 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: copulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aNai)</font> 2b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kala)</font> 7 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(puNar)</font> 2 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pul)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(eze)</font> 2b tr <br> copulate, as snakes<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: copy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappi paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cord</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piy)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: corner</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muule mukku ame)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: corral</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTiyle aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Before the shear sheep, they corral them in pens</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(laayattule aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> mnoved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri aayiTTaa gudiregaLe laayattule aTeccuveppoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We corral the horses in the stable once it's dark</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tozuvattle iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTuhaLe tozuvattule iTTuTTu saappiTa vareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will corral the cows in the pen and then come to eat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: correct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippo indyaavule maaNavangaLooTa paricce peeppare oru podu eTattule vacci tirutturaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays in India students' exams are corrected by examiners at a central location</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan senja tappeyellaam vaaddiyaar tiruttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher corrected all my mistakes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: correspond</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: corrode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNNu)</font> 3c tr, 5c tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cost</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(selavaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> dupe<br> <font size=+1>Having to go by a roundabout route cost me a lot of time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cotton (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I cottoned to him right away, and we've been working well ever since.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cough (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>rattam kakki settuppooveNNu mandiravaadi enne bayamuruttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The sorcerer scared me saying that I would cough up blood and die.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cough up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTipaTTadule avan rattam kakki settaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After getting hurt he was coughing up blood, and then died</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: counsel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arivure sollu @Nc tr@)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He counseled me not to go into the army at this time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: countenance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uTanpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He wanted to invade Iran, but the Congress wouldn't countenance it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: counter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>I asked him what he was up to, but he just countered with "who wants to know?"</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: counteract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ediriTeyaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>In order to counteract the effect of the virus, we need to inoculate the children</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: counterattack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppittaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>onne yaaraavadu taakkinaa oTanee tiruppittaakku</font><br> <font size=+1>If somebody attacks you, counterattack them immediately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: counterbalance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cama eTaiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: counterfeit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooli tayaar seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooli mattirengaLe tayaar seyyaravangaLe kaidu seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should arrest those counterfeiting drugs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: countermand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattukkaTTaLeyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: courageous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(dairiyama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>koLLekaarangaLooTa meraTTalgaLukku anjaama avan dairiyamaa irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was courageous and did not get frightened when the robbers threatened him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viirangoL @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cover</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavi)</font> 2b tr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??iNNekki meehamellaam vaanatte [.??] kavinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The clouds covered the sky like a blanket today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaviz)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>izuttu poottikiTTu avan tuungikiTTu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has covered himself up and is sleeping</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cover s.o. (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa kozandekki poorve poottunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Mother covered the child with a blanket</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cover up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kambaLam viri)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inge romba kuLiraa irukku. en meele oru kambaLam viriyeen</font><br> <font size=+1>It's very cold here; could you cover me up with a blanket?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pottikkoo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiyaale naan en kaNNe pottikiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I covered up my eyes with my hands.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: covered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cerintiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The bear was covered with thick dark fur</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: covet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virumbu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan virumbinadellaam en appaa enakku vaangikkuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father bought me all that I coveted</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veze)</font> 2b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cozen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vanji)</font> 6b tr <br> deceive; cheat, betray; cheat, deceive, beguile, trick, double-cross, swindle, take advantage of, dupe, defraud, fleece,<br> d <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b intr <br> split; chink; break into parts, esp. with the grain or into halves. (often foll. by up ) divide into parts ( split into groups). Stock Exch. divide into two or more share<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They had to try very hard, but eventually the stone cracked open</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poLa)</font> 7 tr <br> split (open); cf. also: chip, fracture, fragment, break, splinter, snap, cleave. <br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTuveTippule paalam poLandu vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bridge cracked and collapsed as a result of the bomb blast</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cradle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTTilil iTTu aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> the only verb 'cradle' is one that means hold the child gently, not put s.t. in the cradle<br> <br> <font size=+1>toTTille iTTu aaTTina kozande oTanee tuungiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you place the baby in the cradle and rock it, it will fall asleep immediately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cram</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruppooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>puriyaleNNaalum uru pooTTaavadu paariikshNyN nallaa ezudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Even if you don't understand, just cram and do your best in the exam</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manappaaTam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuraLhaLe manappaaTam senjuTTu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>There's no getting around it; to learn this stuff you just have to cram.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crank</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moodu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avasarattule vaNTiye nahattumboodu sovar meele moodiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I crashed the vehicle into the wall because I was travelling too fast</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mooda)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> . <br> <font size=+1>veehamaa vanda reNTu kaarunga oNNooTa oNNu moodi adanaale periya seedam aayiTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>When the two cars crashed into each other there was heavy damage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kaare marattule moodinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She crashed her car into the tree.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Even though he has given up smoking, he still craves nicotine</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTippu uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>Iron the shirts so that there are nice sharp creases and then put them away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: create</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eyattu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>erevan nammaLe eyattinaaru appaTiNNu nereya madanga nambudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Many religions follow the belief that god created us.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toottuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> bring s.t. into being/existence, give birth/life to s.t., procreate, beget, spawn.<br> <br> <font size=+1>iyarke toottuvitta poruThaLe naama madikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should respect the things created by nature</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTe)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda buumiyee iraivanooTa paTaippudaaNNu madatalaivar sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The religious leader said that even the earth was God's creation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(toottuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizp palkalek kazahattule pudusaa muuNu torenga toottuccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>three new departments were recently created at the Tamil university</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>varuttam uNTaakkra vishayangaLe enkiTTa sollaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Do not tell me things which create sorrow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>aahaayam buumiye uNTaakkiyadu yaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who created the heavens and the earth?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3b intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu naTanda kole inda uurle padaTTatte uruvaakkiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday's murder has resulted in widespread panic in this town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: created, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTekkapperu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cripple</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moTamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaane en kaikaale oTeccu enne moTamaakkiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The elephant broke my arms and legs and crippled me permanently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(noNTiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>paarisa vaayu en paaTTiye noNTiyaakkiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>A stroke (paralytic stroke) crippled my grandmother</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crispy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(norunoru)</font> 6 intr <br> mvoed to syn<br> <font size=+1>Fry the murukkus so that they're nice and crispy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: criticize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vimarsi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaLunarooTa pookke kaNTiccu kaTci uruppinarunga vimarsiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The party members criticized the actions of the governor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crook</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viLai)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crooked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaLenju irukkra kambiye bayilvaan eLidaa nimittinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The bodybuilder straightened the crooked rod with ease</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koyyi @(tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> pluck (flowers)<br> <font size=+1>not necessary</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cross out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tambi sariyaa paLLikkuuTam poohaadadunaale avan peere aTicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>because my ygr. brother didn't finish school properly, they crossed his name off the list</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crouch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuni)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadavooTa oyaram kammiyaa irukkradunaale kuninju poonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the door is low, you'll have to crouch down to get in</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crouch down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLenjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> j , <br> <font size=+1>nii konjam appaTiyee vaLenjiTu, naan anda saamaane eTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You stay there sort of crouched down like that, while I take those things out of your way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crowd</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerappu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crowd around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>maaNavangaLLaam een ange oNNaa kuuTi irukkraanga appaTiNNu ungaLukku eedaavadu teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know anything about why the students are crowding around at that place?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crowded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neranjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan neerule pooyi azeccirundaa kuuTTam neranjirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Had I invited everybody personally, things would have been quite crowded for the program</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maNTu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crowded, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNungu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crown</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puu suuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crumpled, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasangippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>mukkiyamaana sandippukku poohumboodu kasangipoona oTeye eppaTi pooTTukkradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can I wear crumpled clothes when I am going for an important meeting!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crunch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naranaNNu mellu)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crush</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(norukku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan romba kaTumeyaanavan; avane edukkaravangaLe norukki taLLuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is a very harsh man; he will crush anyone who opposes him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nasukku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma ariyaama naTakkumboodu aayirakkaNakkaana praaNihaLe nassukiTroom</font><br> <font size=+1>When we walk, we inadvertently crush thousands of living things</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nasukku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> .<br> <font size=+1>teriyaame naan en verele kadavule nasukkikkiTTeen.</font><br> <font size=+1>I crushed my finger in the door by accident</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crushed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nasi)</font> 2b intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLooTe kuurmeyaale nasikkappaTTan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was crushed by her prickliness.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taharu)</font> 2 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(azungu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naci)</font> 6b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nacungu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiiza vizundadule maangaa nasungiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mango got crushed and bruised when it fell down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arattu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viiriTTazu)</font> 1 intr <br> m2syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teembu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>dukkattule teembi teembi azudeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I sobbed and cried in my sorrow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: culminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uccaneleyaTe)</font> 2b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar njaanattooTa uccanilryaTenjavar</font><br> <font size=+1>He has reached the highest point of knowledge</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cultivate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payiriTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta maasattuleerndu payiriTara kaalam aarambamaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>The season when we cultivate will start next month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: curb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> m2syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: curdle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 2b intr <br> m2syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooy)</font> 2b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: curdled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayiraahu)</font> 3b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tove)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiir)</font> 6 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda periya dakTar taan ivanooTa kashTamaana nooye tiittaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>that was the doctor that cured his acute illness</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiir)</font> 6 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(goNappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved 2 syn <br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vyaadiye guNapaTuttara marundu innum kaNTupiTikkapaTale</font><br> <font size=+1>No medicine which can cure this disease has been discovered yet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vattaliTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cured, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiir)</font> 2 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiir)</font> 2 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla daakTarkiTTe pooyi kaaTTunaa taan inda tiiraada nooyi tiirum appaTiNNu naan nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think that this disease will get cured only if he goes and gets treatment from a good doctor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: current, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puzakkattiliru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved2syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: curry favor</b></font><br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>He is always currying favor with the higher-ups</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: curse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sabi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ericcal aTenja munivar anga irunda makkaLe sabiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The sage got annoyed and put a curse on everyone who was there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saabamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaar saabam viTTaalum oTanee balicciTumNu arttamille</font><br> <font size=+1>Even if people have been cursed (by anyone), the curse doesn't necessarily stick</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saabam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda sanyaasi avanukku saabam kuTuttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>That sanyasi put a curse on him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: curve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 2b intr <br> m'd 2 syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: curved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suzi)</font> 6b intr <br> be formed into eddies or whirlpools<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poLikottu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 6b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>nallaa orekkara maadiri avaLukku eTuttu sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Explain to her so that it affects her strongly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNi)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sedukku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda seleye kalle sedukkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They carved this statue out of stone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cut off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dabble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLi)</font> 6b tr <br> splash or immerse o's hands in water<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It was pleasant to sit by the water, dabbling our feet in its coolness</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuti)</font> 6b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dam</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNaiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veLLattule taNNiye aNeyiTradu saaddiyamille</font><br> <font size=+1>With such flooding, it's not possible to dam the water</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: damaged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazudaahipoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiyaaLara more tappaa irundadaale iyandiram pazudaahipooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the machine was improperly handled, it got damaged</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: damn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saabamkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saabam kuTutta oTanee baliccuTavaa poodu</font><br> <font size=+1>If he casts a spell, it's not going to take effect immediately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: damp, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(namuttuviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: damp, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaahi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazele nanenjadule en oTeyellaam iiramaayipooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My clothes have gotten damp because of the rain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dampen, see damp</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTTiyam aaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vayasuleyum en akkaakku meeTeyle naaTiyam aaTra terame irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Even at this [advanced] age, my sister has the ability to dance in public performances</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dandle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkippooTTu viLaiyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> j <br> <font size=+1>kozandeye tuukkipooTTu veLayaaTumboodu jaakkradeyaa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Be careful when you play with the child, throwing it up and catching it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: daring, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNintuviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dark, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iruTTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>When it became dark, we turned on the lights</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: darken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iruL)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: darn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezeyooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When I was young I used to darn my socks, but now nobody does that</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eri)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pande veehamaa tuukki eri paappoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Throw the ball fast</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paayi)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>maane paattadum oTanee sirutte adu meele paanjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The leopard darted after the deer as soon as it came into view</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viicu)</font> 3 tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kala)</font> 7 tr <br> not a verb<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalle cakkaraye seettu kalakki kuTi</font><br> <font size=+1>Add a dash of sugar to the milk, mix and then drink</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dash off, down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> !<br> <font size=+1>pattirihehaLukku kaTudaasi meele kaTudaasi ezudi taLLriyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>You are dashing off one letter after another to the magazines!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: date from</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kuTumpam pattaan sencurilerundu toTangrudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His family dates from the tenth century</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: daunt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adairiyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Try your best not be daunted by the exam; it's very hard, but just hang in there.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dawdle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soombittiri)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dawn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((pozudu) viTi)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki enakku oru pudu naaLu viTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Today a new day dawned for me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: daydream</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooTTe kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naaL muzukka kooTTe kaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He daydreamed all day long</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: daze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bramikka seyyi @(nb t)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to dazzle<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNa eerpaaTunga ellaareyum bramikka senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The marriage arrangements dazzled everyone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dazzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tikaikkavai)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved ot syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pahaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(malekkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu anda vittuvaan romba nallaa paaTi ellaareyum appaTiyee malekkaveccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>that singer sang very well yesterday and dazzled everybody with the performance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dazzled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNkuusu)</font> 3 intr 3 pn <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuriyaveLiccam kaNkuusudee</font><br> <font size=+1>The sunlight is blinding my eyes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dead, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be dead, as trees or branches<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saa)</font> 6c intr (irreg) <br> mvd 2syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu vaangina puunga ellaam vaaTiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the flowers that I bought yesterday are dead</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deal out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccuukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dear, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veleyeeriyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona maasatteviTe inda maasam kaayharihaLooTa veleyeeriyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The price of vegetables is dearer this month than last month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: debar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn <br> <font size=+1>In the old days, women were debarred from men's clubs of various sorts</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: debase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippe kore)</font> 6b tr <br> mvoed to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>eenoo kaTekkaara tangattooTa madippe koreccu sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>For some reason, the shopkeeper the value of gold and told us (the value)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taratte kore)</font> 6b tr <br> m 2 syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veleye koreccaa taratteyum korekkaveeNTivarum</font><br> <font size=+1>I have to lower the quality if I reduce the price</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: debate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaadaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> mvoed to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaadam seyyi@(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiNvaadam seyyaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Do not debate matters pointlessly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: debilitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>The disease has debilitated him and weakened his resistance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: debilitated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(palaviinamaaka iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>nooy kaaraNamaa siitaa balaviinamaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sita has become debilitated by the illness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: debit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattu ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: debunk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kizicceri)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan mohamuuTiye ellaar munnaaTiyum kizicceri</font><br> <font size=+1>Expose his true colors in front of everybody--show him up for the fraud that he is!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: decay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(makku)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazee saTTayooTa neram mangiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The color in the old shirts has kind of faded</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: decayed, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become spoiled<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sedenjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deceive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pahaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> delude by ostentation; be devoid of substance; be all show and no substance; be superficial<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She's good at deceiving people with the fancy shows she puts on, but it's all an act</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeyi)</font> 6b tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vanji)</font> 6b tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pasappu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deceived, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm not so easily deceived, but he put one over on me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: decide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirppu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa saakshiyangaLeyum visaariccadukkapuramdaan inda vazakkule tiirrpu sollamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I can give a judgment on this case only after questioning all the witnesses</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> settle; clear up<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirmaani)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>enge pooraduNNu niiyee tiirmaani</font><br> <font size=+1>You decide where we should go</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: declare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudi sollu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pirakaTanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> proclaim; announce officially<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: decline</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kunru)</font> 3 intr <br> shrink, decrease, be diminished<br> <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: decompose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> rot; putrefy<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the tsunami, the bodies of the dead began to decompose in a very short time.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 4 intr <br> decay; become bad, etc.<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sede)</font> 6b tr <br> break up into constituent parts; destroy, ruin, demolish<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: decorate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sooTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLekki naTakka irukkra kalyaaNattukkaaha inda maNTabamum tirumaNa areyum nalla soodicci irukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>for tomorrow's wedding ceremony they have decorated the marriage hall with flowers and other beautiful things</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azahupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>unga periya moyarciyaale inda viza naTakka irukkra areye romba nalla azahupaTutti irukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of your great achievements, they have beautifully decorated this hall where the celebration is going to take place</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(padakkam aLi)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pradamar veTri petta viirarungaLukku padakkam aLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The prime minister decorated the soldiers who had won battles</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: decree</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirppu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> exe doesn't show a verbal use of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vazakkule tiirppu solla niiNTa kaalamaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take a long time for me to form a decree in this case</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dedicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arppaNam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tyaagu tan vaazkeye sangiidattukkaaha arppaNam senjuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Thyagu has dedicated his life to the cause of music</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(arppaNiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en vaazkkeye en mahanukkaaha arppaNiciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have dedicated my life for the sake of my son</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deduct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> take away; reduce<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deface</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urukkeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azittuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>The vandals defaced the statues and totally wiped out what had been</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: defame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: default</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyattavaru)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNa tavaru)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>The witness failed to appear in court, so the case was closed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: defeat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> vanquish, cut down, overthrow<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediraye viiztta nalla tiTTam tiTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to lay out a good plan to defeat the enemy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tookkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>neettu pooTTile kadire tookkaTiccadu yaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who defeated Kadir in the competition yesterday?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 6b tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tookkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorle paaNTavanga kauravangaLe tookkaTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Pandavas defeated the Kauravas in war</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(toorkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>Tennisle avane yaarum tookkaTikka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can defeat him off in tennis.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(viizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman poorle raavaNane viizttunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Ravanan defeated Raman in battle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: defeat, cause to fall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman poorle raavaNane viizttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Rama defeated Ravana in the war</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: defeated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tool)</font> 5d intr <br> be overcome; be beaten<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: defecate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malamkazi)</font> 6 tr <br> discharge feces; (vulg.) shit<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: define</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vareyaru)</font> 6 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deform</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urukkule)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: defraud</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeyi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: degrade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koreccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dehumanize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tanittanmaiyai izakkaccey)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dejected, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sali)</font> 6b intr <br> (??3 pn w dat) grow tired or disgusted<br> <font size=+1>??enakku kashTattooTu saliccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I became dejected because of (all the) trouble(s)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soohamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be sad or gloomy; be dispirited<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooTTiyile toottadaala avan soohamaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is dejected since he lost the competition</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(manamoTe)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru ezappunaala manamoTenju poohakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not lose heart because of one loss</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dejected, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soornduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be disheartened or discouraged;<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ivvaLoo siikkiram soornduTTiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Have you become dejected so soon?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: delay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> ; make slow; protract<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttivai)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tirumbi varavarekkum peerunde niruttivayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>See if you can hold the bus until I get back</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: delegate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihaaram kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd 2 syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onakku yaar adihaaram kuTuttaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who delegated the authority to you?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pradinidiyaa anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd 2 syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiivirivaadingaLooTa peeccuvaartte naTatta aracu pradinidiyaa avane anuppalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can delegated him to negotiate with the terrorists as representative of the government</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: delete</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azittuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> m'd 2 syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTittuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: delight</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLippuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syhn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teLe)</font> 6b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>aazvaar paaTTe keeTTu naan aanandattule teLeccuppooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was delighted to listen to Azhvar's songs.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: delight in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahanooTa verriyila appaa sandooshappaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The father delighted in the son's victory</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLippaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> mvoed to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: delighted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTu pooradunaala sandooshamaa irukken</font><br> <font size=+1>I am delighted that I am going abroad</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: delimit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(elle kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: delineate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varNi)</font> 6b tr <br> describe<br> <br> <font size=+1>iLavarisiyooTa azahe kavinjar vidavidamaa varNiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The poet described the beauty of the princess in different ways</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kizi)</font> 4 tr <br> draw (a line); sketch or represent pictorially<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kooTTuppaTam vare)</font> 2b tr <br> sketch; represent in outline<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: delirious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(janni kaNTuviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be in delirium (as with a fever, chill, etc.)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deliver</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppi)</font> 6b tr <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I delivered my petition to the Chief Minister</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give; carry and turn over, as a letter, a message, etc.<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: delude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pakaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: demarcate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(elle kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: demean</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippe koreccikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamukiTTe kenji naanee en madippe koreccikkamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will not demean myself by begging Ramu (for help)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: demolish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(norukki taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>poyal aTukkumaaTikaTTaTangaLe norukkittaLLiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The storm demolished multistoreyed buildings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aziccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>koLLekaaranga enga viiTTeyellaam aziccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The robbers completely demolished our houses.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: demonetize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNattooTa madippe kore)</font> 6b tr <br> negate or diminish the value of money<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: demonstrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>en termeye veLippaTutta enakku innum vaayppu keTekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I have not yet had an opportunity to demonstrate my skills</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTu kaami)</font> 6b tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTutti kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show or make known (o's feelings, emotions, etc.)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: demoralize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTirpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make corrupt; debase<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: demote</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> lower; reduce (to a lower level, class, etc.)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: denationalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taniyurimeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(deesiyamayamaakkiyade niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: denaturalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iyalpu niikku)</font> tr <br> deprive the nature of<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iyalpu maattu)</font> tr <br> change the nature of; make unnatural<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTTurime niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> deprive s.o. of naturalization<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: denature</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iyalpu maattu)</font> tr <br> change the natural properties, etc., of<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iyalpu sede)</font> tr <br> spoil or destroy the nature of<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iyalpu niikku)</font> tr <br> deprive the natural characteristics etc., of<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: denigrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: denominate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peyariTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give a name to<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> denote; designate<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: denote</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> ; designate; be a sign of<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dense, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTattiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be thick; have components close together; be full-bodied<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ava kuundal eppaTi avvaLoo aTattiyaa irukku?</font><br> <font size=+1>How come her hair is so thick and dense?!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be indented; be thrown out of shape<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deny</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyaaduNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> dupe<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? avandaan kozandeyooTa appaa, aanaa avan teriyaaduNNu irukkra maadiri irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is the father of the child, but he utterly denies it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: depict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varNi)</font> 6b tr <br> describe picturesquely; delineate; protray<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTamaa pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> represent by pictures or by painting<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: depiliate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTikaLe)</font> 2b tr <br> remove the hair from (especially a person)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayir niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> remover the hair from (skin, hide, etc.)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: depopulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTimakkaLe aziccuTu)</font> tr <br> destroy the inhabitants of<br> <font size=+1>After the marshlands of Iraq were drained, the whole area became depopulated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: depose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> divest s.o. of his office or position<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deposit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put; place<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deprecate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kereccu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> belittle; speak ill of; disapprove of, criticize, deplore, frown upon, censure, condemn, protest against, inveigh/rail against, denounce<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If parents constantly deprecate their children, the kids will have low self-esteem</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: depreciate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(korenjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> decline or diminish in value over a period of time; reduce the recorded value of (an asset) over a predetermined period; lessen, weaken; have the bottom drop out of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakarooTa madippu romba korenjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The value of the dollar has depreciated a lot recently</font><br> 1) (teeymaanam aTe) 2b<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sirumeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> belittle; degrade<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teeymaanam aTe)</font> become depreciated; decline in the value through depreciation (as of machinery, ornaments, etc.)<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(madippe kore)</font> 6b tr <br> lower the value of (money, gold, etc.)<br> <font size=+1>The rupee has depreciated dramatically since 1990.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deprive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>edirinaaTTu arasan makkaLe tangaLooTa oTemaehaLe ellaam ezakkasenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The enemy king deprived the people of all their belongings</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deputize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pradinidiyaa seyalaattu)</font> act as an agent or substitute<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piratinitiyaaka niyami)</font> tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toNeyaaLaraa neyami)</font> 6b tr <br> appoint s.o. as o's assistant; make s.o. stand in, sit in, fill in, cover for, substitute for, replace, take s.o.'s place, understudy<br> <br> <font size=+1>Traivar enne tannooTa toNeyaaLaraa neyamiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The driver deputized me as his assistant</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: derange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>azahaa irunda bommeye avan keTuttuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He deranged the beautiful doll???</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deranged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be out of order (as a machine); be damaged<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deride</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eLLi naheyaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to various syns<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: derive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> draw or get from a source or origin<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: descant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalasheebam sey @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> not a useful verb<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(corpozivaarru)</font> tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: descend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizepoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go, move, climb down; come down; drop, fall, sink, dive, plummet, plunge, nosedive<br> <br> <font size=+1>siikkaram keLambi kiizepoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Get ready fast and go down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>marudamale uccileyirundu anda maaNavanga kuzu romba veehamaa eranginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the whole group of students rapidly made their descent down the Marudamalai Hill</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>pleen eranginadum guNTu veTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bomb exploded as soon as the flight descended</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: descended, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pira)</font> 7 intr <br> derive or originate from<br> <font size=+1>that man is descended from the ape.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: describe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> denote; indicate<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: desecrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLangappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> defile; treat with sacrilege; profane by using in a wrong way or for an evil purpose<br> <br> <font size=+1>maTattooTa peyare kaLangappaTutta arasiyalvaadinga ippaTi seyraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The politicians are doing this to desecrate the hermitage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(punitam keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> defile the sacredness of<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teyviikatte avamadi)</font> tr <br> treat with profanity; defile; profane<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: desert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deserted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaTenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be abandoned (as a place or house)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyil maNTabam paazaTenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The temple mandapam is deserted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: desex</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuppe ahattu)</font> 3 tr <br> spay<br> <font size=+1>We had our cat spayed when we got her from the pound</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(enakkavarcciye niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: desiccate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olar padanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: design</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This is designed to operate in very cold climates</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: designate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fix, decide, apportion, make s.t.'s or s.o.'s status official by public statement<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLa nivaaraNa nidikki pattu laccam tarradaa tamizaha modal amaiccaru kurippiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister of Tamilnadu designated an amount of ten lakhs rupees for flood damage control</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirmaani)</font> 6b tr <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??pudu talaivar {\d d}isnii s{\d t}uu{\d d}iyoos tiirmaniccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>A new CEO has been designated at the Disney studios</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: despair</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nampikke illaadiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without hope<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: despise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izivaa karudu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>move to SYN</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: despond (see despondent, be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sooru)</font> 2 intr <br> not a modern verb<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: destined, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vidikkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> <br> <font size=+1>kutavaaLingaLukku daNTane vidikkappaTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The criminals were destined to be punished</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: destitute, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaasillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaasillaama irukkradu evvaLavu koTume</font><br> <font size=+1>It's so awful to be financially destitute</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(illaamaliru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without (children, feelings, friends, etc.); be wanting in s.t.<br> <font size=+1>move to SYN</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: destroy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sede)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze selehaLeyellaam sedecciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain has destroyed all the sculptures</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> destroy, wipe out, vanquish; reduce to nothing, render worthless<br> <br> <font size=+1>puurviika cotte puuraaveyum avanga konjam konjamaa aziccanga</font><br> <font size=+1>little by little they managed to destroy all their ancestral property and render it worthless</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> damage; blight; trample; squander; demolish, knock down, pull down, tear down, level, raze, fell, dismantle, wreck, smash, shatter, crash, blow up, blow to bits, explode, annihilate, wipe out<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaanenga vayalle irunda payireyellaam aziccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The elephants came and destroyed all the crops in the field</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>move to SYN</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(toleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>move to SYN</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make useless; render ineffective<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>asuranga teevarhaLe azikkappaattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The asuras tried to destroy the devas.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: destroyed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cettuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> die;<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b intr <br> be ruined; be crushed; be extinct<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sede)</font> 2b intr <br> be demolished; be ruined; be broken to pieces<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(azinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be destroyed, be wiped out, be made extinct<br> <br> <font size=+1>coozarkaalattu sirpanga palatu ippa azinjupoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>Many sculptures of the Chola period have been totally destroyed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: detach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taniyee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be separate or unattached<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aviztteTu)</font> 6 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: detail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vivaramaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> not a verb<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandade avarkiTTe vevaramaa sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Describe in detail what happened to him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(otukkiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: detailed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vevaramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full of or filled with details<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He gave a very detailed account</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: detain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> delay; hold back; keep confined or in custody<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The police were going to release the suspects, but then they decided to detain them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: detained, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadamaahu)</font> 3b intr 3 pn <br> be delayed; be held back<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazenaala rayil taamadamaayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The train got delayed because of the rain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaavalle vekkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: determine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nirNayi)</font> 6b tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTe kaTTa evvaLavu selavaahumNu nirNayiccu sollunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Determine how much it will cost to build the house and let us know</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nirNeyi)</font> 6b tr <br> fix; be the cause of; affect; decide or be the cause of a decision<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dethrone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arasurimeye pari)</font> 6b tr <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If the King does not abdicate, he will have to be dethroned </font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ariyaNeylerundu erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove from the throne<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: devaluate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNamatippaik kurai)</font> 6b tr <br> lower the value of money (currency)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: develop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> mvoed to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadeye konjam virivupaTutti sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to develop the story a bit more</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 2b intr <br> expand; become larger or more wide spread; become elaborate<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaye viriccu paTukkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to roll the mat and lie down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: deviate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahu)</font> 3 intr <br> turn away or aside (as from a route, custom, etc.)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: devise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: devitalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naliya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make weak or feeble<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: devolve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> delegate (a duty, etc.) to<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: devote</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>inimee oTalpayircile muzumeyaa iiTupaTappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>From now on, I am going to devote myself to exercising</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: devoted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arpaNicciru)</font> 7 intr <br> be dedicated<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dialogue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasanam ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> not a verb<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTangaLukku vasanam ezudardu oru kale</font><br> <font size=+1>Writing dialogues for a movie is an art</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: die</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavariviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved<br> <font size=+1>move to SYN</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr 3 pn <br> cease to exist; perish; be destroyed<br> <font size=+1>move to SYN</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(era)</font> moed to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>laarans paadiriyaar eranduTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Father Lawrence has died</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maaLu)</font> 1 intr <br> m 2 syn<br> <font size=+1>move to syn</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: die away/off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 2b intr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: die for/to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavi)</font> 6b intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa kaadalikiTTe peesa avan taviccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was dying to talk to his girlfriend</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: differ</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vityaasappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>eeze paNakkaaraNNu vidyaasappaTuttaadiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>The poor and the rich don't differ very much</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeru maatiri ninai)</font> 6b tr <br> mo'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: differentiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veerupaaTu uNar)</font> 2 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: difficult, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neraTu)</font> 3 intr 3 pn <br> be hard to make out<br> <font size=+1>The writing on this paper is difficult to read</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dig</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> mo'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda eTattule keNaru tooNTinaa adihamaa taNNi varumNu paakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to see where we need to dig a well in order to get a lot of water</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dig up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maratte veerooTa veTTiyeTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Dig up that tree and uproot it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dignified, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perumeyuru)</font> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dilapidated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 2b intr <br> m'd to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the tsunami, buildings that weren't destroyed were pretty dilapidated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dilly dally</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozudupookku)</font> 3 tr <br> waste time; while away; trifle, fritter away<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiNaa pozudupookkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't waste your time, dilly-dallying</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dilute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They diluted the solution with water to make it taste better</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaN kuusudu veLakke mangavayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>The light is glaring, dim the lamp a bit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dim, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make dim or dull<br> .<br> <font size=+1>anda veLekke mangalaakku</font><br> <font size=+1>Dim those lights</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dim, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazungu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow dull; lose lustre<br> <font size=+1>Mine eyes are dim, I cannot see; I have not brought my specs with me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLiccam manginadunaale iNNekki aaTTatte idooTa muTiccikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the light has grown dim, we'll end today's play now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dine out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTudiyle saappiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan payaNam seyyum poodellaam viTudiyle saappiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Whenever he travels, he dines out at a hotel.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toocceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Before you eat, dip your fingers in the finger-bowl</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: direct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> delete<br> <font size=+1>Is 'seluttu' really used in ST?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disallow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn <br> <font size=+1>The judges disallowed his entry because it arrived too late</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disappear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 2b intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <font size=+1>Dinosaurs have disappeared as a species, but we find their bones now and then</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disappointed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam oTenjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru toolvinaale manam oTenjiTakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not get disappointed after just a single loss</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disavow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyaateNNu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> moved to syn <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disburse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNatte tozilaaLingakiTTa kuTuttuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Disburse the money to the workers</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erinjiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTTuppoona pazangaLe erinjiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I discarded the rotten fruits</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discharge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give out (as electricity from a cell)<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kasi)</font> 2b intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiizevizundu aTipaTTadula ava verallerundu rattam kasiyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Blood is oozing from her finger after she fell down and got wounded</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kazi)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(pey@(1 tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> urinate, pass (urine) m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kakku)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>visu irumbumboodu rattam kakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Visu spit blood when he coughed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(viTudale seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>nirabaraadingaLe pooliis adihaari viTudale senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The police officer discharged the innocent people</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava pisTale suTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She discharged the pistol.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discipline</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar maaNavangaLe romba taNTikkraaruNNu sollraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They say that the teacher disciplines his students too harshly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTee maasattula maaranooTa manaivi avane tiruttiTTaaLee</font><br> <font size=+1>Maran's wife has managed to discipline him in just two months!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(utai)</font> 6b tr <br> chastise, punish in order to control or train<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disclaim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urimeye kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda nirbandattulayum naan ennooTa urimaiye kaiviTamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will not renounce my rights under any circumstance</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eerkamaru)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disclose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirantucol)</font> 3c tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tira)</font> 7 tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaval adihaaringa enne peTTiye terakka sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police officers asked me to open my suitcase</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(terandukaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn of expose<br> <br> <font size=+1>vanattore adihaarikku viiTTe terandukaaTTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I showed my house to the forest official</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disclosed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( )~</B> <font size=+1>(tirantupoo@(intr)@)</font> 3b intr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discomfit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> not a useful verb<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tiTTatte en maamaa keTuttuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My uncle upset my plan</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tookkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>muruhar suurane poorla tookkaTiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Lord Muruga defeated the demon Suran in war</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discomfited, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa mahanooTa nelamaiye nenaccu avar kalangippoonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He became ruffled on thinking about his son's situation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disconcert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakkiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappiiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>poy solli engaLe avan kozappiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He confused us by lying</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disconcerted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangiviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be ruffled or perturbed<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozambiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>seetuvooTa peecce keeTTu naan kozambiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got confused on hearing what Sethu said</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disconnect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaLe yaaraalayum pirikkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can separate us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discontented, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ciNungu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discount</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazivu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLupaTi sey@(1 tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTekkaararu engaLukkaaha pattu ruubaa taLLupaTi senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The shopkeeper reduced 10 ruppees for us</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paatitaan nampu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discourage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adairiya paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to lose courage; dishearten<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peedalikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> try to prevent by frightening; dishearten<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeykade solli ava kozendengaLe bayamuruttinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She frightened the children by narrating them a ghost story</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nampikkai izakkaccey@(1 tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalladu seyyarade taTukkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't discourage (him) from doing good</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discourse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuru)</font> tr <br> expatiate, lecture, make pronouncements<br> b<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(virittezutu)</font> 3 tr <br> write at great length<br> b<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(corpozivaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak at length; deliver a lecture<br> b<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discover</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNmaiye kaNTupiTikka visaarane naTattaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>A probe has to be conducted to discover the truth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTarunga pudu marunde kaNTupiTiccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Doctors have discovered a new drug</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discredit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avanampikkai koo@(1 intr)@)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discriminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veerupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> mvoed to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaN peNNu veerupaTuttradu tappu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is wrong to discriminate between men and women</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veerupaaTu kaNTari)</font> 2b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: discuss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraayi)</font> 2b tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii solrade aaraaynju paakkareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will carefully consider what you said</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vivaadam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday the upper house discussed a timetable for withdrawal from Iraq</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disdain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alakshiyam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> scorn; look down on; disregard; take no notice of<br> <br> <font size=+1>periyavanga peecce alakshiyam seyyakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>One should not look down on the advice of elders</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeLanam cey)</font> 2b tr <br> scorn; treat with contempt or ridicule<br> <br> <font size=+1>uuree sumatiye eeLanam senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole village treated Sumati with contempt</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> afflict (as a disease)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disencumber</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(villangam niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disenfranchise, disfranchise?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urimaiyaip pari)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd tosyn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disengage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>paravaihaLe kuuNTulerundu viTuvi</font><br> <font size=+1>Release the birds from the cage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disentangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkallerundu viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNmaiye solli avane sikkallerundu viTuvi</font><br> <font size=+1>Say the truth and bring him out of trouble</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disfavour</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(etir)</font> 6 tr <br> not a verb<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veru)</font> 6 tr <br> not a verb<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disfigure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vikaaramaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make ugly; spoil the beauty of<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azahe keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava muTiye cinnadaakki tannooTa azahe keTuttukkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She spoilt her beauty by shortening her hair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(alangoolappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobattula avan viiTTe alangoolappaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He defaced the house in his anger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disgorge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLittaLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disgrace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avamaanam uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> mvoed to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>unakku avamaanam uNaakkinavangaLe naan summa viTamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will not spare those who disgraced you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTkamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veTkappaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(avamaanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn <br> <br> <font size=+1>en vaaddiyaaru enne avamaanappaTuttiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My teacher disgraced me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disgruntled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adruptiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> mo'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaam avankiTTa irundum avan adruptiyaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is disgruntled though he has everything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disguise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>een teeveyillaama uNmaiye marekkare</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you unnecessarily hiding the truth?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disgust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppaTeya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> mo'vd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>asingamaana peeccaala avan avaLe aruvaruppaTeya senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He disgusted her with his dirty talk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(emaTTa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to feel nauseated;<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disgusted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham suLi)</font> 6b tr, intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna kuTuttaalum moham suLikkaama saappaTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should eat whatever you are given without being displeased</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veru)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>denam veLLe saapaTa veruppaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I am sick of eating outside daily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disgusting, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(komaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>settavangaLooTa saTalangaLe paakkavee komaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is disgusting to see the corpses</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dish up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parimaaru)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>saadam parimaara aaL ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is nobody to serve the rice</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dishearten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adairiyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nampikkaiyaik keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> depress or destroy the hope of (s.o. )<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disheartened, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asandupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disheveled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alangoolamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>muTiye viriccuppooTTu een ippaTi alangoolamaa irukke</font><br> <font size=+1>Why have you let your hair down and looking so disheveled?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dishonor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maru)</font> 6 tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dishonour</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> refuse to honour; turn (s.t. as cheque, etc.) back without honouring<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disillusion</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maayeyleerundu viTuvi)</font> tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaraavadu enne inda olahattooTa maayeylerundu viTuviyungaLeeNNu kattiTTee raamu rooTTule ooTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu ran out in the street and was screaming "Someone please set me free from this world's illusion"</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakkattiliruntu viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disillusioned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLi)</font> 2b intr <br> not useful<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(purinjikoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be clear of illusions, false ideas, etc.; come to a correct picture; be disappointed or saddened to learn the truth??<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNme ennaNNu purinjikkaama peesaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't talk without understanding the truth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disinclined, be</b></font><br> <font size=+1>(manamillaadiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unwilling; be (dead) set against (doing s.t.); be reluctant, unwilling, unenthusiastic, unprepared, indisposed, ill-disposed, not in the mood, hesitant; be loath, averse, antipathetic, resistant, o<br> d <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The people in the villages were disinclined to abandon the old traditional ways</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manamillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>He was disinclined to take action on my behalf, so I lost my job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disinherit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sotturimeye maru)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTappaTi yaarum unga sotturimeye marukkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can legally disinherit you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disintegrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sede)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>iTiyile sele sedanju oTenjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The statue disintegrated due to the blow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disjoin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>enkiTTerundu en payyane pirikkaadiingaNNu anda amma kattinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>That lady shouted 'Don't separate me from my son'</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disjoint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTukaLaip piri)</font> 6b tr <br> separate the joints of; undo the joinings of<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTu picaku)</font> 3 intr <br> obsolete<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iNaippaip piri)</font> tr <br> mvoed to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disjointed be, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazal@(?i intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dislike</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veruppukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaru)</font> 6 tr <br> regard with disgust or aversion<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piTikkaamaliru)</font> 7 intr <br> <br> <font size=+1>(perm. state:) enakku piTikkaadu ; (temp. state:) enakku piTikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't like (it)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veru)</font> 6 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>He disliked running a little magazine.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dislocate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTampeyar seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dislocated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungu keTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be thrown out of order; be disordered or deranged<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dismantle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(appurappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> mvoed to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>muLLe ellaam appurappaTutti naTappoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Let us remove the thorns and walk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piricceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> move to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande bommeye muzusaa piricceTuttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child dismantled the toy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dismayed, be, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam peedali)</font> 6b intr <br> be or grow discouraged; begin to waver mentally because of fear of failure, etc.<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dismiss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veele niikkam cey)</font> 2b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooraaTTattule iiTupaTTa ellaareyum arasaangam veele niikkam senjiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government dismissed all the workers who participated in the agitation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane een veeleyilerundu anuppiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did they dismiss him from his job?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> discharge (from an office); send away (from service); discard<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaliye avvaLo sulabamaa veeleyilerundu niikkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Vaali cannot be dismissed so easily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> discard; reject; put out of court (as a complaint, etc.); exclude<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dismissed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dismount</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>toole niikkiTTu vaazeppazatte saappiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Peel off the skin and then eat the banana</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kudire meeleyrundu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disobedient, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asaTTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disoblige</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerumaaruka naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tolleppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>saantaave raamu tolleppaTuttaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu is troubling Santha</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disordered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be disarranged;<br> <br> <font size=+1>puune senja azzahaasattule viiTee taarumaaraayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The house has become disordered due to the cat's antics</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappattule iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be confused; be in confusion<br> <br> <font size=+1>Telli pooradaa veeNTaamaaNNu ava kozappattule irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is in confusion whether to go to Delhi or not</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disparage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaztti peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavangaLe ennikkum taaztti peesakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>One should never speak disparagingly of others</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koreccu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>He disparaged the writings of another author.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLiye vakkiil romba taaztti peesinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The lawyer disparaged the accused a lot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(izivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> depreciate; belittle; bring discredit upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>peNhaLe izivupaTutti peesina arasiyalvaadiye makkaL veruttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People hated the politician who disparaged women</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dispense</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>baadikkappaTTavangaLukku nidi vazanga yaarum munvarale</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody came forward to dispense the donations to the affected</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disperse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 6b tr <br> drive away or cause to go in different directions; cause to scatter away<br> <br> <font size=+1>enkuuTa veLeyaaTa varaleNNaa un pustahatte ellaam kalecciruveen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't come to play with me, I will scatter all your books</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLirkaayccal veehamaa paravikiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Flu is spreading fast</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dispirited, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soornduTu)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTiveLayaaTi raamu soornduTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu has become tired after playing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: displace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu kaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> expel; banish; exile<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadiye yaaroo naaTu kaTattiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone has exiled the terrorist to a foriegn country</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peettu)</font> 6 tr <br> not good<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalle sovarlerundu peettuyeTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Remove the stone from the wall</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: displaced, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peyarntupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> get loose; be upturned<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: display</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruTkaaTciyaaka vai)</font> 6b tr <br> mvoed to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNule paTaramaadiri vei)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTu saaviye kaNNule paTaramaadiri vecciTTu veLLe poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep the house keys in a prominently visible place and then go out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: displease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varundavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make dissatisfied; cause to be offended; make unhappy<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne patti tappaa peesi enne varundavekkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't displease me by talking bad about me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: displeased, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suLi)</font> 6b intr <br> be annoyed; be angry; be disgusted; frown<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelan een mohatte suLikkaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is Velan frowning?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koopam vaa)</font> 2c intr 3 pn + dat <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku on meele koobam varadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm getting angry at you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dispose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(muTivusey@(1 tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda eTattule veele seyyardaa veeNaamaaNNu innikee muTivu senjiTuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will decide today whether to work here or not</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dispose of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozittukkaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTTavangaLe oziccukkaTTa kaavaltore irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The police will get rid of the bad elements</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirttuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disposed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) - </B> <font size=+1>(piTi-kkaatu)</font> see pi8i 6b 3 pn + d <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku vaazeppazam piTikkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't like bananas</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) - </B> <font size=+1>(piTi-kkum)</font> 6b 3 pn + dat <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade enakku piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>I like it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dispossessed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(akatiyaaku)</font> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dispute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaadaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelu eedoo suuTaa vaadaaTiTTu irukkaanee</font><br> <font size=+1>Velu is debating heatedly!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disqualify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(takutiyarravaraakku)</font> tr <br> render s.o. unfit<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disregard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neraahari)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>seekar ennooTa yoosaneye neraahariccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sekar disregarded my suggestion</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> neglect; ignore<br> <br> <font size=+1>samuuham avane odukkiriccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The society neglected him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disrupt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cinnaapinnappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> break up; break to pieces<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTanga kaTehaLe cinnaapinnappaTuttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The miscreants destroyed the shops</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dissatisfied, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adrupti aTe)</font> mo'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalvarooTa peeccunaala nariya mandiringa adrupti aTenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many ministers were displeased with the chief minister's speech</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disseminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>indu darmatte parappa naanga oru amaippe uruvaakkiyirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have formed an organization to disseminate the Hindu dharma.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dissent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttuveerupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> differ in opinion; disagree<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dissociate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> separate; disunite<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaLe yaaraaleyum pirikkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can separate us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dissolve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruha seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> melt or liquefy (as ice into water)<br> <br> <font size=+1>vellatte uruha senjaa adu paahaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kare)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>sakkaraye taNNiyile kare</font><br> <font size=+1>Dissolve the sugar in the water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kalaittuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dissolved, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karai)</font> 2b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dissuade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manase maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>poodahar en manase maattiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The preacher changed my mind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiLa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to stretch out (as a piece of rubber, etc.)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distended (be)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distinguish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veerupaTutti kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> mark off as different<br> <br> <font size=+1>manjaL poTave avaLe veerupaTutti kaaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The yellow saree is distinguishing her (from others)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distinguished, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sirappu aTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be or become eminent or renowned<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaandiyaala poorbandar sirappu aTenjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Porbandar became famous because of Gandhi</font><br> 1) (serappaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distroy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>asuranga inda olahatte azikkappaakkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The demons are trying to destroy this world</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: ditch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(akazi tooNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eliminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNappattaak koreyaale tamiznaaTu arasu nerey tarkaaliha paNiyaaLar veeleye niikkiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Due to financial stringency, the Tamil Nadu government has eliminated many jobs that were being filled temporarily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: environ?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(vaLaittukkoo@(1 t)@)</font> 4 tr <br> not a verb<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: equal, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(camamaaka iru)</font> 7 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: equal, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottirukkaccey)</font> 1 t <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exhausted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLecciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele senjusenju naan kaLecciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am exhausted of working so much.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: expel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> send out; dismiss<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda soombalaana maaNavane aasiriyar vahuppuleendu veLiyeettinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher expelled the lazy student from his class.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: expose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> subject to or cause to undergo, as risk, danger, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanuTaiya naTattai tan kuTumpatte avamaanattukku aaLaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His behavior exposed his family to ridicule</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oLi ceyalaarraviTu)</font> 6 t <br> expose a film to light<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: expound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyiTu)</font> 4 t <br> set forth, as opinions, feelings, etc.; make known through words<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanuTaiya uNarvukale oru kavitaiyile veliyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He expounded his feelings in a poem</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make known; manifest; reveal; show<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: fake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paasaangu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>dairiyam irukkra maadiri paasaangu seyyaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't feign bravery</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gap-toothed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTe pallaa iru)</font> 7 intr 3pn + dat <br> be broken toothed; have some teeth missing<br> .<br> <font size=+1>She has a gap-toothed smile which is not as unpleasant as you might think</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terandu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> become open, as the mouth, the eyes, a box, a door, etc.; sag open<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kuuTTam ade paattu vaaye torandukiTTu summaa ninnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the crowd saw that, they just stood around, gaping</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: garage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sheTTule viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put (a car, a scooter, etc.) in a shed or garage; store a vehicle in a covered enclosed space<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa vaNTiye sheTTule viTa iTam teeve</font><br> <font size=+1>I need a place to garage my car.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: garble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> confuse; make senseless or incomprehensible, as a set of instructions, a message, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ade kozappiTaama paattuko, illeenaa naama ellorum kozambiTuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Now make sure you don't garble it all up, or we'll all be confused</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gargle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gaargil paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> rinse, cleanse (the mouth or throat) as with a mouth-wash, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? gaargil paNNiTTu adu odavudaaNNu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Try gargling with mouthwash and see if it helps</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: garish, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNe pari)</font> 6b intr <br> (of colors) be bright and flashy and showy; (of light) be glaring or blinding<br> <font size=+1>The colors of the buildings are so garish, I wouldn't want to live there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNe uruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> be an insult to the eyes, as crudely and tastelessly colored things, etc.; be glaring and gaudy, as colors; be very bright, as light<br> ~1 0~ . <br> <font size=+1>inda viiTTe ~1TL0~yin vaNNangaLile vaNNam puucinaanga. adu enuTa kaNNe uruttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>They repainted the house in 1890's colors, and it's all too garish for me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: garner</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seekari)</font> 6b tr <br> gather or collect, as information, facts, money, property, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya vicaaranekku pinaale kaaval tureyinar avan anda nelatte vikka muyarce seyuraangura takavale seekarittaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>After a great deal of work, the police garnered the information that he was trying to sell the land</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: garnish with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sove kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give taste or flavor to, as by adding s.t. attractive<br> <font size=+1>In the nouvelle cuisine, they garnish dishes with fruit juices and stuff</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(rusippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make food (more) palatable or tasty, as by adding s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga ade rusippaTutta vaasane poruLkaL seettal adu innum suveyaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If they would garnish it with spices, it would taste better</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: garrulous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLavaLaNNu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> be chattering or talkative; be loquacious; speak in a long-winded, wordy manner; be verbose or diffuse; be never at a loss for words<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan vaLavaLaNNu peesiTTee iruppaan. avan aarambiccaa avane niruttavee muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He's so garrulous, you just can't get him to stop once he starts</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gas about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(araTTe aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> gossip; chatter; keep talking about trifles<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku ellaatte pattiyum araTTe aTikka piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Oh! he just loves to gas about everything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiru)</font> 3 tr <br> make a gash in; scratch, as with a knife, nails, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaatte veLiyeetta meel pakudiyile oru kiiral kiiru</font><br> <font size=+1>Just gash a slit in the top of it so you can let the air out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aazamaana veTTu uNTu paNNu)</font> 3 trr <br> cause a deep cut or a gash<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kaNNaaTi kadavu vaziyaa ooTiyapoo avaLuTa kaiyile aazamaana veTTu uNTu paNNaaL</font><br> <font size=+1>She gashed her wrist on the glass door when she ran through it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gasify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayuvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to become a gas; convert into a gas<br> <font size=+1>same as previous</font><br> <font size=+1>They want to gasify the liquid hydrogen and make cars run on it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gasp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccut teNaru)</font> 3 intr 3pn + dat <br> struggle for breath; breathe convulsively or with difficulty<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avanukku muuccu teNaricci (muucc-eraccadu)</font><br> <font size=+1>He gasped for breath.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gasp (for breath)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu vaangu)</font> 7 intr <br> be short of breath or gasp because of over-exhaustion; be weak and worn out<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tiruppadi maleyeerinavan maadiri een muuccu vaangure?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you gasping for breath as if you had been climbing hills?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gasp for, after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavi)</font> 6b intr <br> pant, long or languish, as for s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan puduppudu karuttukkaaha inge taviccukkiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am gasping for some fresh ideas around here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gaunt, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vericcooTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become bare, empty, uninhabited, as a house, a place, etc.<br> <font size=+1>maybe syn for rTNz?</font><br> <font size=+1>Some of those ghost towns look absolutely desolate and gaunt</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gawky, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be awkward, hesitant, as in doing s.t.; be clumsy, as in handling s.t.<br> <font size=+1>He used to be a gawky lad with long ungainly legs, but now he's become athletic and graceful</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gear up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veehamaa ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive fast or faster; prepare for an increase of s.t.<br> <font size=+1>We're gearing up to open some new lines of clothing next year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veehappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> increase the speed of; speed up; step up<br> <font size=+1>You'll need to gear up as you get to a higher speed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: gelatinize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLiyaahu)</font> 3i <br> become gelatinous; become a jell<br> <br> <font size=+1>parimaaruvaduku munaalaye iracci niire kaLiyaakka veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to gelatinize the juice of the meat before serving</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: geminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iraTTi)</font> 6b tr, intr <br> make double; become double; double, as a consonant in sandhi<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela suuznelehaLile sela meyezuttukkaL iraTTikka veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Some consonants must be geminated under certain circumstances</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: generate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring into existence; cause to exist or to be; produce<br> <br> <font size=+1>indap poruLe vecci naan oru nalla uNacciye angee uNTu paNNaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I want to generate some good feelings out there with this product</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: generous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaraaLamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be liberal in giving, helping, etc.; be munificent<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungaLooTa paNatteyoo neeratteyoo koTukka muTinjjaa dayavucenju taaraaLamaa irunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please be generous if you have the ability to spare either your money or your time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: germane, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahu)</font> 2i & \4i <br> be relevant, proper or pertinent<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTanduTTu irukkum vazakkukku tahunda aadaaram vazangumpaTi vakkiiliTam keekkappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The lawyer was asked to offer evidence that was germane to the case at hand</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> eat or have, as a lunch, a breakfast, dinner, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii pahal oNavukku enna saappiTTee?</font><br> <font size=+1>What did you get for lunch?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pariccikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> portion out, dole out, sort out, allot<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>iNNekki saami puusekki anda marattulerundu puu paricci tarriingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you get some blossoms from that tree for the pooja that's going to be performed today?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: get (through to) s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarpu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> communicate, as with s.o. over a telephone, by radio, etc.<br> <font size=+1>dupe of rLN0</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried calling him in Paris, and finally I got through to him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: get a glimpse/sight of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> see; look at; take a look at<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avare ennaale mudalile paakka muTiyale. aanaa kaTesiyile avare tuurattile paartteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't see him at first, but finally I got a glimpse of him way off in the distance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: get about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veele paar)</font> 6 tr, tr <br> attend to o's duties, as after an illness; work or be able to work<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nereya naaTkaLaa oTambu sariyillaama irundu ippadaan veLi veele paakkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was sick for a long time, but now he's getting about more</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: get along (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be friendly or on good terms (with); agree; cooperate, see eye to eye<br> , <br> <font size=+1>konja naaLaa engaLukkuLLee ottu pooradille, aanaa ippoo paravaale</font><br> <font size=+1>We weren't getting along well for a while, but now it's better</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: get around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> (literally) go or move around, as an obstacle, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avanooTa maaji maneviyooTa avan peesuradulleengra vishayatte nii eppaTi samaaLikkap pooree?</font><br> <font size=+1>How are we going to get around the fact that he isn't speaking to his former wife?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: get around dupe?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti kiTTupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go or move around s.t. as an obstacle, etc.; avoid, circumvent, circumambulate; overcome (a problem or difficulty), typically in a clever and surreptitious way<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>avan avanooTa munnaa manevikiTTe peesikkradulengra vesheyatte nii eppaTi suttikiTTu poohapooree?</font><br> <font size=+1>How are we going to get around the fact that he isn't speaking to his former wife?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: get away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappi ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> flee; escape, as from the police, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kaavalarkaL avangaLe piTikka muyarci senjaanga. aanaa avanga tappi ooTiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police tried to catch them, but they got away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: get it</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNTane aTe)</font> 2i <br> receive the deserved punishment; get punished<br> !<br> <font size=+1>unakku ippoo taNTane kiTekk'a pookudu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Now you're going to get it!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahi koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> practise; get used to s.t. by practise; get the hang of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii payarci senjiTee irundaal adu onakku pazahi koLLum</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to practice and practice, and finally you'll get it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: hoax</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puraLi paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> be waggish or mischievous<br> <font size=+1>moved to syn</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: instigate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>Those people are good at instigating riots and agitations, but not much else</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: lop (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tari)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: murder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kole paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>are koreyaa terinjikkiTTu tanakkum paaTa teriyumNu kannaa pinnaaNNu paaTi paaTTeyee kole paNraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's totally lacking in awareness of how badly he sings, and absolutely murders every song.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: oust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTasabelerundu anda mandiri veLiyeettappaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That minister was ousted from the assembly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: pretend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paavane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanakku nallaa mrudangam vaasikka teriyum appaTiNNu eedoo paavaneseyyraan; anda peervazi paavam</font><br> <font size=+1>That man pretends to know how to play the tabla, but I pity him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: scold</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> reprimand, dress down, chastise<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa enne eppavum tiTTikiTTe irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father is always scolding me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>on nalladukkaahadaan onne naan tiTTareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I scold you only for your own good</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>muuccuviTaama ava tiTTikiTTiruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's constantly scolding, bitching and complaining</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: sparkle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(prahaasi)</font> 6b intr <br> dupe<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Her eyes sparkled when she saw him returning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: split</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poLa)</font> 7 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooTaali maratte poLandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The axe split the tree</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: unload</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kareyile erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>sarakke naaLikku kaalela kareyila erakkuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We will unload the cargo tomorrow morning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: worried, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaleppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be anxious, upset<br> <br> <font size=+1>kavaleppaTaramaadiri onnumilleNNu TaakTar sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor said that there was nothing to worry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:cause to cease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> put a stop to<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:charmed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>payyanooTa peeccutterameye paattu kuuTTattile irundavanga avan vasamaayiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people in the crowd were charmed by the oratorical skills of the boy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:come near</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maruvu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:convenient, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taru)</font> 2 intr, 4intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:convulsed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velavela)</font> 6 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:cool down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maasam adihamaa irunduvanda veyyil taNinjupoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The extreme heat that we were having all month has cooled down now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:cool, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) f , f , , </B> <font size=+1>(taNinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobam taNinjadukkappuram enkiTTe peesu</font><br> <font size=+1>Talk to me once you have cooled down a bit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:copulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maruvu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:crumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(norukku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avane vaaLsaNTeyle norukkinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>see note</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:deaden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazungaccey@(1 tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:deal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccuppooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>siiTTukaTTe piriccupooTu oru aaTTam aaTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Deal the cards, let's play a round</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:deceive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:depredate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:desire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(icci)</font> 6b tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:despair</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:despise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ihazcci seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> scorn; disdain; look down upon<br> <font size=+1>move to SYN</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:discharge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruppe nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> movd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>un poruppe neraveettaradudaan unnooTa modal kaTame</font><br> <font size=+1>Your first duty is to discharge your obligations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eevu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediringa meela paaNTavanga ambuhaLe eevinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Pandavas shot arrows at their enemies</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:disgusted, be, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cuLi)</font> 6b intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>mohatte suLikkaame saappuTuNNu ammaa engiTTe sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>mother told me that I should eat without showing any disgust</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:dish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(taTTamaakac cey@(1 tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> not a useful vb<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:disqualify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyattadaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del;: denaturalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyurime niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> deprive s.o. of citizenship<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>delay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> stop, break off for later resumption; put off, postpone; drag out; protract; retard; cause to be late; defer; adjourn; delay, obstruct the movement of; put roadblocks in the way of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa sneeydanukku padavi oyarvu kuTukkradu eenoo ippa niruttivekkappaTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend's promotion has been delayed for some reason or other</font><br> 1) (kaalan-gaTattu) 3 tr<br> 2) (kaTattu) 3 tr<br> 3) (taamadappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>delayed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be late or slow; be protracted; be put off, held up or back<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kalyaaNam taamadamaayiTTe poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her marriage keeps getting delayed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neeramaahu)</font> 3b intr 3 pn + dat <br> be slow or late; be held up<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaziyle enakku neeram aacci</font><br> <font size=+1>I was delayed on the way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>delegate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> entrust; commit to; pass on, hand over, transfer, give, entrust, assign, relegate, consign<br> <br> <font size=+1>mukkiyamaana veelengradunaale ide naan yaarkiTTeyum oppaTekkamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since this is an important job, I will not delegate it to anyone</font><br> 1) (adihaaram kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pradinidiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. as representative; appoint s.o. second in command; hand over powers, rights, etc. to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda amaippule yaare pradinidiyaakkraduNNu yoosicciTTu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am wondering who to delegate as the representative of this organization</font><br> 1) (pradinidiyaa anuppu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>delete</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> remove; expunge; send to the trash; erase (s.t. written or printed)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I actually pressed the wrong key on my computer and deleted the whole file!</font><br> 1) (niiTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (aziccuTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (aTiccuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deliberate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(yoosi)</font> 6b tr <br> consider; ponder; reflect; think about or over<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This is the room in which the Continental Congress deliberated, and then finally issued the Declaration of Independence</font><br> 1) (nenecci paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>delight</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> please; charm; be agreeable to; make glad; give pleasure to; cf. also make happy, make s.o. feel good; charm, amuse, entertain; satisfy, gratify, humor, oblige, content, suit<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaakiTTa inda vishayatte solli avare sandooshappaTuttalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let us inform father about this news and delight him</font><br> 1) (kaLippuuTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (kaLippaTe) 2b intr<br> 3) (teLe) 2b intr<br> 4) (sandooshamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>delimit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varambiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fix the limits or boundaries of; determine, establish, set, demarcate, define, delineate; pin down<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The boundary commission planned to delimit the border between India and China</font><br> 1) (elle kuri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>delineate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vare)</font> 2b tr <br> sketch or represent pictorally<br> <br> <font size=+1>varenju vevariccaa nii solradu puriya odavum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will help us understand what you are saying if you could delineate it in more detail</font><br> 1) (kooTTuppaTam vare) 2b tr<br> 2) (kizi) 6b tr<br> 3) (varNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>delirious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakkattule iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be exhilarated; be intoxicated<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saaraayam kuTicca mayakkattule irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The alcohol made him delirious</font><br> 1)j (janni kaNTuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veriyle iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be wild with excitement, enthusiasm or intoxication; be in a tizzy<br> <br> <font size=+1>sakti een ivvaLavu veriyle irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is Sakthi in such a delirious tizzy?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deliver</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTuvaaTaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> carry and turn over (e.g. letters, as a postman); hand out; turn in; submit; give or entrust s.t. to s.o. for possession or safekeeping<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezengaLukku ilavasa seelehaLe paTTuvaaTaa seyyappooroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are going to deliver free sarees for the poor</font><br> 1) (oppi) 6b tr<br> 2) (kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> give forth, as a speech, an opinion; bestow, award<br> <br> <font size=+1>jeyicca maaNavangaLukku mudalvar parisu vazanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister delivered prizes to the winning students</font><br> 1) (piLLe peru) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pettu)</font> 4 tr <br> give birth to (a child)<br> <br> <font size=+1>taan petta mahan tannaviTTu pooraangra tukkattule anda ammaa azuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>That lady is crying from sorrow that the baby son she delivered is leaving her</font><br> 1) (tappuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deliver judgement</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirppu sollu @(Nc tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> pronounce judgement; declare conclusions, awards, resolution(s)<br> j <br> <font size=+1>raajiiv kole vazakkule poona varusham tiirppusollappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Last year a judgement was finally delivered in the matter of Rajiv Gandhi's assassination</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deluge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLattule muuzkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> flood; inundate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We have been deluged with applications for the job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>delve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alasippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> analyze or investigate into; inquire deeply into<br> , .<br> <font size=+1>inda vishayattule konjam alasi paattaa, onme teLivaa irukkum. </font><br> <font size=+1>If you delve into this matter a little more (deeply), the truth will become obvious.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pry, dig into s.t. for data, details, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tuppe tooNTippaattaa uNme teriyavaralaam</font><br> <font size=+1>The truth may come out if we delve into this a bit more deeply</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demagnetize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaandattanmeye pookku)</font> tr <br> remove magnetism from<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You can reuse these tapes if you demagnetize them first</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> ask; ask for; enquire, query, want to know; question, interrogate, quiz. <br> <br> <font size=+1>enna veeNumoo tayangaama keeLu</font><br> <font size=+1>Demand of me whatever you want, without any hesitation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTukka sollu)</font> 3 tr <br> ask to be paid or given<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??evvaLavu sambaLam avanga kuTukka solraanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>What kind of salary are they demanding?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demean</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> lower o.s. in dignity; discredit, degrade, debase, devalue; cheapen, abase, humble, humiliate, disgrace, dishonor; behave unworthily<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een tannattaanee taazttikkuraan?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is he demeaning himself?</font><br> 1) (madippe koreccikkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demobilize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(raaNuvattulerundu viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> discharge s.o. from the armed forces<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta vaaram en tambiye raaNuvattulerundu viTuccuTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My brother will be demobilized from the armed forces next week</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(raaNuvatte kale)</font> 6b tr <br> disband an army<br> <br> <font size=+1>iiraakkula raaNuvatte kaleccadu romba periya tappuNNu solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people are now saying that demobilizing Iraq's army was a big mistake</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (paTe-kaleppu seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demolish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taharu)</font> 2 intr <br> break into pieces; be exploded<br> <br> <font size=+1>vibattule vaNTi tuuL tuuLaa tahattuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The vehicle was completely demolished in the accident.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iTiccu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> tear down; pull down (as a building, etc.); raze; destroy; ruin completely<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTane aTekkaleNNaa viiTTe iTiccuttaLLuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We will demolish the house if you do not repay the loan</font><br> 1) (taharu) 6 tr<br> 2) (norukki taLLu) 3 tr<br> 3) (aziccuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veTikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to blow up, as a bridge with dynamite; destroy, wipe out totally; exterminate, remove, eradicate<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadinga anda kaTTaTatte veTikka senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Terrorists demolished that building.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demolished, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taharu)</font> 2 intr <br> be exploded; be crushed in pieces; be totalled<br> <br> <font size=+1>vebattule vaNTi muzusaa tahakka paTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the accident, the vehicle was totally demolished</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demonetize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sellaadadaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> withdraw (currency) from use<br> <br> <font size=+1>anju paisaa naaNayatte arasu sellaadadaakkiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has demonetized the 5 paisa coin</font><br> 1) (paNattooTa madippe kore) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demonize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> consider s.o. a demon; treat s.o. as vicious, evil, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In order to justify the war, we had to try to demonize their leader</font><br> 1) (peeyaa maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demonstrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaami, kaambi)</font> 6b tr <br> show, cause to see; give witness for, prove<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naaTahattule avan tannooTa teremeye kaamippaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He will show his talent in this drama</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niruubi)</font> 6b tr <br> prove, argue, show; express or admit to, as a secret; confess<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu vidingaLum sari engrade oru nalla veLakkam kuTuttu aasiriyaru iNNekki niruubiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Today the teacher demonstrated that the two rules are valid by giving a very clear explanation</font><br> 1) (teLiv-aakku) 3 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (niruubaNam seyyi) 2b tr<br> 3) tr<br> 4) (veLippaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> explain; make clear<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna naTanduduNNu kaavaltore adihaarikku teLivupaTuttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I demonstrated to the police officer what happened</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(senju kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show by doing or performing s.t. (an exercise, an experiment, an operation ,etc.); explain by operating s.t. (like a radio, a tape-recorder, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar senju kaaTTinadukkappuram adee maadiri niinga seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Once the teacher has demonstrated it, you should all try to replicate it</font><br> 1) (pooTTu kaami) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show or make known (o's feelings, emotions, etc.); be demonstrative<br> <br> <font size=+1>saaminaadan tannooTa pillekiTTe anbe veLippaTeyaa kaaTTamaaTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Swaminathan does not openly demonstrate his affection towards his son</font><br> 1) (veLippaTutti kaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(aarppaaTTam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> agitate, conduct a (political) demonstration<br> !<br> <font size=+1>cinna visheyangaLukku kuuTa arasiyalvaadinga aarppaaTTam seyraangaLee!</font><br> <font size=+1>The politicians are out demonstrating, even for the most trivial issues</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demoralize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siirkule)</font> 6 tr <br> destroy the morale of; weaken the courage, discipline, etc. of s.o. or an army; throw s.t. or s.o. into confusion; spoil, hurt or weaken the morals of<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTanga inda uurooTa amediye siirkoleccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Bandits have completely demoralized this town</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (uuTirpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 3) (keTu) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demote</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padaviyerakkam seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> reduce to a lower rank or office<br> <br> <font size=+1>ozungaa veele seyyaada mandirihaLe modalamaiccar padaviyerakkam senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister demoted the ministers who did not do their job well</font><br> 1) (taazttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>demur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> hesitate through laziness; shirk duty, obligation; raise doubts or objections; show reluctance. <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??[..] aanaa kaTesiyle ava soNanginaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Normally she would have accepted the challenge, but she demurred</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>denationalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(deesiya madippe niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> deprive s.t. of national status; privatize, sell to private owners; remove s.t. from national ownership or control and bring under private ownership or control<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>sooviyaT yuunyan vizundadukkappram, nereya vyaabaaranga deesiya madippe niikkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a number if enterprises were denationalized</font><br> 1) (deeciya mayamaakkiyade niikku) 3 tr<br> 2) (taniyurime paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>denaturalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyurimeye pari)</font> 6b tr <br> strip s.o. of citizenship; revoke citizenship of and deport s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu kuttavaaLiyooTa kuTiyurimaiye pariccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government denaturalized the the criminal and stripped him of his citizenship</font><br> 1) (kuTiyurime niikku) 3 tr<br> 2) (naaTTurime niikku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>denature</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTikka tahudiyattadaakku)</font> tr <br> render (liquor, etc.) unfit for drinking<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In the lab, you learn to make denatured alcohol</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>denigrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuppaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> blacken (the name, reputation) of; lower the value of reputation of; disparage, belittle, diminish, deprecate, detract from, decry, defame, slander, libel, cast aspersions on; sully; vilify; calumnify<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not necessary to denigrate him just for that one little mistake</font><br> 1) (karukka vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (pazi) 6b tr<br> 3) (tuuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>denote</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuriyiTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a symbol for, refer to; symbolize; designate, indicate, be a mark of, signify, signal, represent, mean; typify, characterize, distinguish, mark, identify<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In poetry, sunshine is often used to denote happiness, while clouds denote sadness</font><br> 1) (kuri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>denounce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> betray; inform on/against, be disloyal/unfaithful to, treat treacherously, break faith with, break o's promise to; (inf.) tell on, double-cross, stab in the back, sell down the river, sell out, blow o<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTTukumbalooTa aaL oruttan tannooTa talaivane kaaTTikkuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>One of the members of the gang of robbers denounced and betrayed his leader</font><br> 1) (kaNTanam terivi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oppanda murivu terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> declare the termination of a pact, treaty, an agreement, or a policy; condemn, publicly declare to be wrong or evil<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??sTaalin maarooTa kooTpaaTTe oppanda murivu teriviccadukkappram, sooviyaT moziyiyalukku pudu vaazkke keTeccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When Stalin denounced the theories of Marr, Soviet linguistics took on a new life.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dense, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mandamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be stupid; be slow to understand; be blockheaded, foolish<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane maadiri mandamaa irukkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't be like him and act dense</font><br> 1) (daTiyanaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (maTeyanaa iru) 7 intr<br> 3) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTattiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be thick or heavy, as a forest, etc.; be impenetrable; have components close together; be full-bodied<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They discovered a dense old-growth forest in our region, with some trees over 350 years old!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nasungu)</font> 3 intr <br> become indented or crushed; be pushed out of shape<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een vaNTiyooTa kadavu nasungiyirukku?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is the door of the vehicle dented?</font><br> 1) (oTungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>denude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nirvaaNamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make naked; strip clothing from<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTattule villan kadaanaayahiye nirvaaNamaakkra kaaTci oNNu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There is a scene in the picture where the villain denudes the heroine</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ahattu)</font> 3 tr <br> strip s.t. of covering, attributes, etc.; remove<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalla paadeyle irukkra muLLe ahattaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>First, we need to denude the path of thorns</font><br> 1) (niikku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deny</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maru)</font> 6 tr <br> claim ignorance of s.t.; refuse to admit s.t.; disprove the truth or fact;<br> <br> <font size=+1>seyradeyum senjiTTu tanakkum anda kolekkum enda sambandamum illeeNNu marukkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He committed murder, and is now denying everything, claiming he has no connection with the murder whatsoever</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyaaduNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> refuse to recognize or acknowledge; ignore prima facie evidence or truth; be in denial about s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avandaan kozandekki appaa, aanaa avan teriyaaduNNu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is the father of the child, but he utterly denies it</font><br> 1) (maruttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deodorize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naattam pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> get rid of unpleasant odor<br> <br> <font size=+1>naattam pookka marundu aTikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can spray some powder to deodorize the place</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(settuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> pass away; die<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>avan olahattulerundu settopoonaan, ayyoo!</font><br> <font size=+1>He has departed this world, alas!</font><br> 1) (keLambu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(velahi poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> deviate from; turn aside; deviate from an accepted, prescribed, or traditional course of action<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>At one point, the speaker departed from the scheduled agenda, and addressed the audience in a more informal manner.</font><br> 1) 2) (perazu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> leave; go away from; set out<br> ?? ; [..]<br> <font size=+1>reyil pooyiTucci, nii leeTTaa irukkre</font><br> <font size=+1>The train has departed; you're too late.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depend (up)on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be contingent on, be conditional on, be dependent on, hinge on, hang on,rest on, rely on; be decided by.<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu ade poruttirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This depends upon that</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (niccayam) idiom<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depend on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> rely upon s.o. for maintenance, help, support, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne nambiyirukkum makkaLe naan kaiviTamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will not betray the people who depend on me</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nambu)</font> 3 tr <br> rely on; count on; expect results from; be hanging by (a thread)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pariiTceye nambidaan en edirkaalamee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My future depends on this examination.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depend upon s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tongik koNTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> (idiom) be dependent upon s.o. for everything; be a hanger-on; be a parasite, be a leach<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>My son depends on me for everything, so I can't disappoint him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> portray in words; delineate, describe, represent<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The prosecution depicted him as a wanton murderer, devoid of any conscience</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (varNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ooviyamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make a painting of; represent by painting, drawing, sketching, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Van Gogh depicted the southern French towns he lived in very uniquely</font><br> 1) (paTamaa pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deplane</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vimaanatte viTTu erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> get off an airplane<br> <br> <font size=+1>oruttar oruttaraa vimaanatte viTTu erangunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please deplane in single file</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deplete</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaliyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> empty; use up; exhaust the supply of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan irunda ellaa vaTeyum kaaliyaakkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He totally depleted our supply of vades</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meliya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> weaken; make less strong (as through illness); exhaust, use up, consume, expend, spend, drain, empty, milk, evacuate, bankrupt, impoverish, reduce, decrease, diminish, lessen, lower, attenuate.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The experience seemed to deplete him, and he was never the same again</font><br> 1) (tiittu kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depleted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 2 intr <br> end; terminate; be used up or sold out; be all gone<br> <br> <font size=+1>cakkare tiindupoonadaale paayasam seyyamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't make payasam because the sugar supply was depleted</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become weak or ineffectual; be unmanned, discouraged, disheartened, dispirited, dejected, demoralizeed, daunted, alarmed, frightened, dismayed, disconcerted, discomposed, perturbed, upset, thrown off<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele senjusenju avan taLandu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Working all the time just sort of depleted him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deplore</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> disapprove of; regret, express sorrow for s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The suspect utterly deplored the murder of the judge, saying he had no knowledge of who was the killer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deploy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nallaa payanpaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make good use of s.t. for o.s.; use profitably, as o's leisure, talent, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We deployed her to develop a database, since she had talent and expertise in that area</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depopulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(janattoheye kore)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce the population of; destroy or decimate the inhabitants of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The religious wars in Europe depopulated certain areas, so after 1648, they had to recruit people to come from other countries.</font><br> 1) (kuTimakkaLe aziccuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deport</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTukaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> expel s.o. from the country; banish; kick out; exile, eject, drive away, expatriate, cast out, outlaw, transport, oust, evict, throw out, exclude, proscribe, excommunicate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLiye naaTukaTatti veLinaaTTukku anupciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The criminal was deported to a foreign country</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove s.o. from a position or an office; divest s.o. of his office or position<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>During the French revolution, the king was deposed and eventually beheaded</font><br> 1) (niikku) 3 tr<br> 2) (piTungu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakkumuulam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> testify, especially in writing<br> <br> <font size=+1>ezuttule vaakkumuulam kuTuttaadaan niidimanTrattule sellubaTiyaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the witness is now in a foreign prison, deposing him in writing will be accepted by the court</font><br> 1) (taLLu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deposit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTiyaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> precipitate; lay down by natural process<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The rivers deposit much soil and silt in their deltas</font><br> 1) (iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vangiyle pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put (money) in o's account in a bank<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiyule paNam keTecca oTane vangiyle pooTTuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Deposit the money in the bank as soon as you get it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uttaravaadappaNam kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pay earnest money; put money down on s.t. as a deposit<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>viiTTe vaanguradukku modalle uttaravaadappaNam kaTTaveeNTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We had to first deposit a sum of earnest money in order to be able to buy the house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> insert (as a coin in a machine); put (money in a bank account); place s.t. before s.o.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>First deposit the amount in coins; then press the button for the item you choose</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deprecate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kereccu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> belittle; condemn; speak ill of; disapprove of, criticize, deplore, frown upon, censure, protest against, inveigh/rail against, denounce<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaareyum kereccu peesakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not deprecate or belittle other people</font><br> 1) (ehazu) 2b tr<br> 2) (tiTTi peesu) 3 tr<br> 3) (madippe kore) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depreciate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malivaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make or become cheap or cheaper; degrade; reduce, cut, mark down, slash, discount; cause to lose value <br> <br> <font size=+1>poruLe ideviTa malivaa vittaa enakku nashTam eerpaTTuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If I depreciate the product any more than this, I will incur a loss</font><br> 1) (sirumeppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(malinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become cheap; become inferior or vulgar; decline or diminish in value over a period of time; reduce the recorded value of (an asset) over a predetermined period; lessen, weaken; have the bottom drop o<br> <br> <font size=+1>tangattooTa vele eNNekkum malinju poohaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The price of gold will never depreciate</font><br> 1) (korenjuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ami(z)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> press or push down, heap upon; click on (computer key)<br> <br> <font size=+1>battane nalla amittinaa abaayamaNi aTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Pressing this button hard will activate the alarm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depressed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soramillaamayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be dejected or low spirited (as of people); be lacking in vigor or activity (as of business); be sad, laid low; (inf.) be down, be bummed out<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>eenTaa ippaTi soramillaama irukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you so depressed?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>depressed, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saliccuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become morose, depressed, slack, indifferent, or spiritless<br> !<br> <font size=+1>unnooTa alaTTal keeTTu keeTTu enakku saliccupooyiTuccu!</font><br> <font size=+1>I get depressed having to listen to your constant complaining!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deprive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6b tr <br> take s.t. away; prevent from using or enjoying; make s.o. lose; remove or cause to remove s.t.; alienate, dispossess, strip, expropriate, divest, wrest, rob<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaLooTa urimeyellaatteyum sarvaadihaari pariccuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The dictator deprived the people of their rights</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (pariccikkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) (ezakka seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take away (as an office, a possession, etc.); relieve s.o. of s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the reorganization of the government, he was deprived of his position</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deputize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pradinidiyaa neyami)</font> 6b tr <br> delegate, appoint s.o. as o's agent or representative; appoint (s.o.) as a deputy; make s.o. stand in, sit in, fill in, cover for, substitute for, replace, take s.o.'s place, understudy<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was deputized to attend the meeting and represent the chair</font><br> 1) (pradinidiyaa seyalaattu) 3 tr<br> 2) (toNeyaaLaraa neyami) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toNryaaLaraa veele seyyi@(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> act as an assistant; stand in, sit in, fill in, cover for, substitute for, replace, take s.o.'s place, understudy<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungaLukku tuNaiyaaLaraa veele seyyardula naan perumeppaTareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am proud to be deputized as your assistant</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>derail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTamporaLu)</font> 1 intr <br> go off the rails; go off the track or path; get diverted, waylaid<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayil taTampuraNTadule nuuru peerukku meele settu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>More than 100 people died when the train derailed</font><br> 1) (kavizu) 2 intr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (taTam-puraLa seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavittuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to run off the rails; wreck, sabotage or undercut a goal or program<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists set off explosions that derailed a number of trains in Madrid</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTampuraLa seyyi @(1 tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> derail (a train); force (an automobile) off the road<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadinga veTiguNTu veccu rayile taTampuraLa senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorist derailed the train using explosives</font><br> 1) (kavizu) 2 intr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (taTam-puraLa seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>derange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraakku)</font> 3 tr <br> put out of order; put into disorder; upset or disturb the action or function or condition of; make topsy turvy, turn things on their head; make crazy, (inf.) drive s.o. nuts or bananas<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The actions of his opponent totally deranged him</font><br> 1) (kalecc-iTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (paittiyamaakku) 3 tr<br> 3) (keTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deranged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paittiyam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be insane; (inf.) go crazy, go bananas, go bonkers; go off o's rocker, go out of o's mind; flip out<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>avanukku paittiyam piTicciTuccu!</font><br> <font size=+1>He is totally deranged!</font><br> 1) (keTTu poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (muuLe pesahu) 3 intr + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deranged, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kole)</font> 2b intr <br> be or become damaged, disturbed, or mentally unstable<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava mananele kolenjiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>She has become deranged</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>derive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come from a source or origin; stem from; draw or get from a source or origin<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??[...] TraaviTa moziyellaam vaTamoziylerundu varalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The Dravidian languages are not, as once thought, derived from Sanskrit</font><br> 1) (varuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 4 tr <br> get or obtain; receive; benefit from<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You have derived benefit from this land, but you haven't paid for its use</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>desalinate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karippu niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove saltiness from; make fresh<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama inda seyalmoreyaale taNNileendu karippe niikki ade kuTineeraakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can purify the water and desalinate it with this process</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>descend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> come or move or climb down; drop down (as prices); get off a vehicle, etc.; disembark, fall, sink, dive, plummet, plunge, nosedive<br> <br> <font size=+1>korangu marattuleerundu kiize erangiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The monkey descended from the tree</font><br> 1) (kiizeepoo) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taa(z)nduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become lower (socially, etc.); stoop to lowly behaviors<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In politics, things have now descended to the most awful kinds of lying and treachery.</font><br> 1) (saayi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>descend from</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> derive from; come down from<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people think Darwin theorized that humans are descended from the ape.</font><br> 1) (pera) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>descend through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazivaziyaa vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> be inherited through successive generations; be passed down<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>With DNA testing they can now show that certain diseases descend through hundreds of generations</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>descend upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kudi)</font> 6b intr <br> visit by surprise; drop in on s.o. esp. in great numbers<br> ?? ; <br> <font size=+1>poona vaaram inglaaNTlerundu sondakaaranga engakiTTe kudiccaanga; oyvu oNNum irukkaadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>Our relatives from England descended upon us last week, and we haven't had a moment's rest.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>describe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vevaram sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> give particulars about; give an account of, give details about<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ellaam vevaramaa sollunga!</font><br> <font size=+1>Tell me all the details; describe the whole thing.</font><br> 1) (vevari) 6b tr<br> 2) (vevari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varNi)</font> 6b tr <br> characterize, attribute characteristics or traits to; exemplify; denote, indicate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kavinjar iLavarisiyooTa azahe vidavidamaa varNittaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The poet described the princess's beauty in many ways</font><br> 1) (kuri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>desecrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maasupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make impure; spoil the reputation of; defile, treat sacrilegiously; profane by using in a wrong way or for an evil purpose<br> !<br> <font size=+1>kooyilooTa suttatte maasupaTuttaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't desecrate the purity of the temple!</font><br> 1) (kaLangkappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (punidam keTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (teyviikatte avamadi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>desert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> abandon or forsake; fail at the time of need; leave in the lurch, leave high and dry; go or run away from a person or a place<br> <br> <font size=+1>ramaavooTa kaadalan avaLe kaiviTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Rama's lover deserted her</font><br> 1) (viTTu niingu) 3 intr<br> 2) (ooTippoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deserted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTamaaTTam illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without movement of people; be empty; be forsaken (as a place, a street); be untenanted or uninhabited<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>raattiri neerattule inda viidiile aaL naTamaaTTam illaama irukka enna kaaraNam?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is this street so deserted at night?</font><br> 1) (paazaTenjiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deserve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saridaan)</font> (idiom) 3 pn w dat <br> be worthy of (a reward, etc.); be fit for (punishment, etc.); warrant<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku anda parisu keTeccadu saridaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He deserved the prize he got</font><br> 1) (tahum) irreg 3 pn w dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(@(@nallaa@)@ veeNum)</font> irreg 3 pn w dat <br> (idiom.:) be a fitting punishment; ask for it (i.e. a punishment, etc.); get what one deserved<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avanukku (nallaa) veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked for it; he deserves (-ed) the punishment</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uriyadaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have a right or claim to; be worthy of (of things only); warrant<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He deserves to inherit the major share of the property</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>desex</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> castrate or spay; neuter<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In animal husbandry, they desex certain animals if they're going to be used for food</font><br> 1) (karuppe ahattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(enakkavarcciye niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> deprive the sexual appeal of; depict as devoid of sexual attraction or feeling<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>D. H. Lawrence is said to portray feminists as shrill, humorless, and desexed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>desiccate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaanjuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become completely dry or dried out; dehydrate for preservation<br> <br> <font size=+1>maangaa kaanjupoonadukkappuram ade uuruhaa pooTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>After the mangoes are dessicated, we'll pickle them</font><br> 1) (olara vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (olar padanam seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iirampookku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove moisture; dry; remove all juiciness, interest, or life from s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The substance must be completely dessicated before we can make the compound</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>design</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> intend; plan; propose; have or be intended to have as a purpose; designate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Brasilia was designed to be an efficient modern capital for Brazil</font><br> 1) (kuri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urumaadiri tiiTTu)</font> tr <br> make a preliminary plan or sketch (for a building, a machine, etc)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They're still designing the memorial for the World Trade Center</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaNNakkoolanga ame)</font> 6b tr <br> plan colourful artistic patterns<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She designed wonderful colorful fabrics, but to be sold at low prices</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>designate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peyarkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give a name to; call s.t. by a name<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The agent that causes Mad Cow disease was designated the 'prion'</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niccayi)</font> 6b tr <br> allocate (a position); assign; appoint; determine or choose for a special purpose, duty, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>neetteya kuuTTattule selvandaan aTutta talevaru appaTiingradu niccayiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In yesterday's meeting Selvan was designated the next president</font><br> 1) (tiirmaani) 6b tr<br> 2) (odukkiviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set s.t. apart for special use; reserve; fix, decide, reserve, apportion, make the status of s.t. official by public statement; appropriate (funds)<br> <br> <font size=+1>pindangiya vahuppu janangaLukkaaha arasu arubattombadu sadaviida eTam odukki vaccuLLadu kurippiTiya paTaveeNTiyadudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>It should be pointed out that the government has designated 69% of seats for the backward classes</font><br> 1) (kurippiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>desire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eengu)</font> 3 intr <br> long for; wish for; crave; lust after; covet<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan adukku eenginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He desired it</font><br> 1) (icci) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> want; ask for; request formally<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I desire to enter a monastery and now ask formally that this wish be granted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>desirous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aavalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be expectant; be looking forward to s.t.; be eager, anxious, keen, craving, yearning, longing, hungry; be ambitious, aspiring; be covetous, envious; (inf.) be dying (for), itching (to) <br> <br> <font size=+1>romba naaLekkappuram enga vaadyaare paakka romba aavalaa irukkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am very desirous of meeting my teacher after such a long time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>desist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taviru)</font> 6 tr <br> leave off; abstain from, refrain from, forbear, hold back; stop, cease, discontinue, suspend, give up, break off, drop, dispense with, eschew<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTTa pazakkangaLe tavikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>One should desist from bad habits</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>desolete, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaTe)</font> 2a intr <br> be desolate, bare, and bleak, as a building, a village, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaarum illaada uuru paazaTenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The abandoned village looks desolete.</font><br> 1) (vericcooTippoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>despair</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambikke eza)</font> 7 intr <br> give up or lose hope; give up, lose heart, be discouraged, be despondent, be pessimistic, resign o.s., throw in the towel<br> <br> <font size=+1>ende nelemeyleyum naan kaTavuL meele nambikke ezakkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I did not despair or lose faith in God no matter what the circumstances</font><br> 1) (manam viTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (nambikke illaadiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>despicable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazippu keTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be contemptible or loathsome; be unworthy; be ignominious<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a despicable thing that they did, and I hope they catch them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>despise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veru)</font> 6 tr <br> dislike s.t. or s.o.; loathe, hate; scorn, look down on, spurn, shun, disdain, slight, undervalue, deride, scoff/jeer at, sneer at, mock, revile, detest, abhor, abominate, execrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>siitaa enne verukkaraa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sita despises me</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (ihazcci seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>despondent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam taLandiru)</font> be without courage; be disheartened, depressed; lose heart or hope; be dejected.<br> <br> <font size=+1>selvi manam taLarndirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Selvi has been despondent for some time</font><br> 1) (vaaTTamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>destined, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(talevidi)</font> 2b intr <br> be fated or foreordained by destiny (esp. for misfortunes); be o's destiny, fate; have it on o's head that<br> <br> <font size=+1>vibattule saahaNum-ngradu avan talevidi</font><br> <font size=+1>He was destined to die in an accident</font><br> 1) (vidikkappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>destitute, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eezeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be poor; be poverty stricken; be not well-off; be without money or means of sustenance<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezeyaa irundaalum avan neermeyaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Even though he's destitute, he's very straightforward</font><br> 1) (kaasillaama iru) 7 int<br> 2) (illaama iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>destroy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ariccazi)</font> 6b tr <br> ruin; destroy by corrosion; get rid of; render impotent, powerless, or ineffective; wipe out, vanquish; reduce to nothing, render worthless<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tanooTe madattule illaadavangaLeyellaam ariccazikka paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to destroy everyone who didn't follow his religion.</font><br> 1) (azi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sede)</font> 6b tr <br> ruin, knock down; impair, demolish; spoil, disfigure, deform; down, tear down, level, raze, fell, dismantle, wreck, smash, shatter, crash, blow up, blow to bits, explode, annihilate, wipe out<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediringa arasarooTa maaLigaye sedeccaange</font><br> <font size=+1>The king's enemies destroyed his palace</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 6b tr <br> abolish; annul; do away with; waste; trash; ruin<br> <br> <font size=+1>tambiyum aNNanum seendu tanga appaa sambaaricca sottu puuraaveyum kuTiccee aziccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The brothers, through wanton drinking and alcoholism, destroyed all the property amassed by their father</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>destroy o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTu tole)</font> 2b intr <br> go to rack and ruin; go to pot; be annulled; be ruined; shoot o.s. in the foot; go down the tube; bring about o's own downfall; be crushed; be extinct, demolished, be ruined; be broken to pieces<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>aNNan eppaTiyoo keTTu toleyaTTum; avanepatti inimee konjamkuuTa gavale paTakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Let the older brother destroy himself, we needn't worry about him any more.</font><br> 1) (azi) 6b intr<br> 2) (sede) 2b intr<br> 3) (azinju poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piricceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> remove from; take out from (as a machine from its case); unfasten and separate (as a stick from a bundle)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We detached the rail car from the locomotive, and moved it onto the siding</font><br> 1) (aviztteTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> separate; remove from<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTatte sovarlerundu eTuttuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Detach the picture from the wall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kazaTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> unfasten; unhook, disconnect<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo veLayaaTTukku vaNTilerundu kadave kazaTTiviTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>As a prank, somebody detached the door from the vehicle.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detached, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be aloof; be unconcerned; be uninvolved; be remote in manner<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??avan eppavum oru maadiri velahiyirukkaan.[...].</font><br> <font size=+1>He always seems very aloof and detached, and never emotionally involved in things..</font><br> 1) (taniyee iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viruppu veruppu illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unbiased; be without likes and dislikes<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saamiyaarmaadiri viruppu veruppu illaama irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is above things, detached, sort of like a saint</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(variseppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> list; mention particulars one by one; enumerate<br> <br> <font size=+1>badilellaam variseppaTutti ezudaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to detail all the responses</font><br> 1) (vevaramaa sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleppaaTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> work in intricate details (as in an ornament); clean or polish a machine very carefully<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In some of those service stations, they'll detail your car for you--very nice and clean</font><br> 1) (odukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(varNi)</font> 6b tr <br> describe graphically or vividly in speech or writing; give details of, tell, narrate, put into words, express, recount, relate, report, set out, chronicle, define, explain, elucidate, illustrate. <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In this account, he details what happened to him in the detention camps</font><br> 1) (veveramaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detailed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nuNukkamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be finely worked; be intricate<br> <br> <font size=+1>sirpattule vaLevunga romba nuNukkamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The curves in the sculpture are very finely detailed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nirutti vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> prevent from proceeding; delay; hold/keep back, hold up, delay, keep, slow up/down, hinder, impede, check, retard, inhibit, stay.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>pooliis een vaNTiyellaam nirutti vaccirukkaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why have the police detained the cars?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTuttiniruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn of hold back<br> <br> <font size=+1>unga saNTaye taTuttiniruttunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Stop your fight!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaavalle vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> keep in custody; keep under guard or restraint; restrain; keep confined or under lock and key<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis tiruTane kaavalle veccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police detained the suspect in custody</font><br> 1) (taTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (taamatappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 3) (kaavalle vekk'appaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detained, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangalaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (3rd person) be hindered or impeded; be kept back; be made late<br> .<br> <font size=+1>enakku taTangalaaccu.</font><br> <font size=+1>I was unavoidably detained.</font><br> 1) (taamadamaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuppari)</font> 2b tr <br> discover, as a detective; spy; stag, snoop, sleuth; watch, observe, or inquire secretly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He managed to detect a crime in progress and turn in the bad guys</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayanga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to hesitate; discourage; stop or hold up for some time<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaval keTupiTi makkaLe vizaakku pooha tayangavaccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The security measures deterred people from going to the function</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pinvaanga seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hold back; restrain; put s.o. off<br> , , <br> <font size=+1>naan edaavadu sollalaamNNu irundeen, aanaa, avan aaveesam enne pinvaanga senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was going to say something, but his agitated state deterred me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deteriorate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taram korenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become lower in quality, standard, etc.; be adulterated<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalle taNNi seettaa paalooTa taram korenju pooyiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you add water to milk, the quality of the milk will deteriorate</font><br> 1) (moosam aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>determine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niccayi)</font> 6b tr <br> decide, find out s.t.; settle, fix, agree on, establish, judge, arbitrate, decree, ordain; specify; figure out, calculate; provide specifics; fix; be the cause of; affect; decide or be the cause of<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enda vyaabaaram seyradu onakku palan kuTukkum appaTingrade patti niccayiccuTTiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Have you determined which type of business will be most profitable for you?</font><br> 1) (nirNayi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urudippaTuttikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get s.t. made certain, ascertain in advance; find out; establish officially the facts of<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kaariyatte aarambikkradukku munnaaTiyee anda kaariyam balan tarumaa appaTiNNu urudipaTuttikkradu romba nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It would be highly useful to determine whether starting a particular project will produce results or not</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> resolve, decide; settle; conclude; fix in o's mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan muTivu senjaa senjadudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Once I have determined to do something, it's as good as done</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirmaani)</font> 6b tr <br> decide or conclude after an enquiry, etc.; judge; find (out)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLi yaaruNNu niidimanram tiirmaanikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The court will determine who the culprit is.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>determined, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNi)</font> 2b intr <br> be resolute or firm<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I am determined that this shall not happen again.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiviramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be intense; be ardent, be wild, crazy, or fervent about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasiyalle erangardule avan tiiviramaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is determined to enter politics.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dethrone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padavileerundu erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> deprive of kingship; remove a monarch from the throne; remove from office; depose; oust, get rid of, displace, dismiss, discharge, cashier, strip of rank, demote; (inf.) sack, fire, give the boot to<br> <br> <font size=+1>mannarooTa ediringa avare padavileerundu erakkappaakkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The king's enemies are trying to dethrone him</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (arasurimeye pari) 6b tr<br> 3) (ariyaNeylerundu erakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detonate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to blow up or explode; set off<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadinga rayille veTiguNTe veTikka senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists detonated a bomb in the train</font><br> 1) (veTikka vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detour</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> make a detour (around); circumambulate or go around s.t.; go by a less direct path<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>neeraa pooradukkubadile een suttiTTupoore?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you detouring, instead of going directly?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu vaziyle poo)</font> 3b intr <br> make a detour around; go by a roundabout or less direct way<br> <br> <font size=+1>suttu vaziyile poonaa nereya neeramaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take more time if you make a detour</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (sutti-kiTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detoxify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vishatte muri)</font> 6b tr <br> remove the effect of poison; counteract the effect of poison, toxins<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They had to detoxify the Tokyo subway system after terrorists released poisons in it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavanam tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> distract; divert o's attention<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This doesn't detract from the fact that it's basically a good car</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurai)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce or make less by taking away a part; diminish, lower in quality, value, etc.<br> ?/<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His bad manners detract from his good character</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>detrain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pohevaNTiylerundu erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> get off a train<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>cenneyle pohevaNTiylerundu erangaNum; appuram veere {\d t}reenle bangluurukku eTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You'll need to detrain in Madras and take another train to Bangalore</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>devaluate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippe pari)</font> 6b tr <br> lower the value or exchange rate of; deprive of value<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The rupee was devaluated in 1966 while I was a student there</font><br> 1) (paNamadippe kore) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>devastate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> lay waste; ruin; destroy<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The insurgents have devastated large parts of Fallujah</font><br> (ku}\rt{) aakku|<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>develop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> arise; come forward; appear; volunteer; become bigger or fuller or more elaborate or systematic<br> <br> <font size=+1>praccane eerpaTaame paattukkoonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Take care that no problems develop</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> begin to exist; come into existence; form; take shape; expand; become larger or more wide spread; become elaborate<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyal uNTaahiyirukkradunaale kaTalporattule vasikkum makkaLe eccarikkeppaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to warn the people living in coastal areas, since a storm is beginning to develop</font><br> 1) (viri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLattu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause s.t. to grow; bring out the capabilities, etc., of; bring to a more advanced state; nurture<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maratte naan nereya varushangaLaa vaLattuvareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have been developing this tree for many years</font><br> 1) (virivupaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTam teriyumpaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> treat an exposed film with chemicals, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Take this film to be developed, while you're at it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deviate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 2b intr <br> decline from a direct course; change direction; veer off<br> ?/<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The river has deviated from its former channel</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maarupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be different; refuse to conform<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This deviates from the prescribed standard, and will not be allowed to go forward</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi tavaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be lost or wander away; swerve from the prescribed path<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan vazitavarinappellaam enne en appa sariyaana paadekki kuuTTiTTu poonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father brought me back to the right path whenever I deviated from the straight and narrow</font><br> 1) (vazuvu) 3 intr<br> 2) (neri tavaru) 3 intr<br> 3) </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vazukkivizu)</font> 2 intr <br> swerve from the norm of chastity; fornicate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He has deviated from the norms of polite society, and must be punished</font><br> 1) (velahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>devise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> contrive; think out a way or solution; plan; invent; create<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda kashTattulerundu edaavadu oru vazi seyyaNumee!</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to devise a way to get ourselves out of this fix!</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (karpane seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) (uruvaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>devitalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyir aattadaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make lifeless; ruin; deprive of life<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the fall of the Soviet Union, a number of towns there have become absolutely devitalized</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTTa satte niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> deprive of vital properties or elements<br> <br> <font size=+1>pacce kaayhariye samekkradu adooTa uuTTa satte niikkumNu sela TaakTarunga solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some doctors say that cooking raw vegetables devitalizes them</font><br> 1) (naliya vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>devoid of, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(illaadiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be void of; be destitute of; be lacking any redeeming qualities<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His writing is now devoid of any interest whatsoever</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>devolve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vandaTe)</font> 2b tr <br> pass down; decentralize; distribute regionally<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In Britain, they have tried to devolve power to certain regional parliaments in recent years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2 intr 3 pn <br> fall upon o.s., as a responsibility, duty, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After he left, his responsibilities all devolved upon me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>devote</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arppaNi)</font> 6b tr <br> give (o.s.) up, dedicate (o.s., etc.) to a person or thing; consecrate; throw o.s. into; get totally involved in<br> <br> <font size=+1>anne teresaa tannooTa vaazkeye eezengaLukkaaha arppaNiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Mother Teresa devoted her life for the sake of the poor</font><br> 1) (iiTupaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>devoted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTudalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be attached; be fond of; have eyes only for<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande avakiTTe oTTudalaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The child is absolutely devoted to her</font><br> 1) (arpaNicciru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>devour</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizungu)</font> 3 tr <br> take in eagerly with the senses or intellect (as a sunset, a thriller, etc.)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I hadn't eaten in two days, when I saw the food I just devoured it with my eyes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tinnu)</font> 5c tr <br> eat like an animal, wolf down, swallow whole, consume; (inf.) inhale,<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een ivvaLavu veehamaa tinnare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you devouring your food so quickly?</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (koTTikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>devout, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(baktiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be pious; be religious; be given to worship<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a devout Muslim, married to a devout Christian</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dialogue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> talk; converse; carry on a balanced conversation<br> !<br> <font size=+1>viTaama peesiTTee irukkaangaLee!</font><br> <font size=+1>They are dialoguing nonstop!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>die</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 2b intr <br> cease to exist; perish; be destroyed<br> <br> <font size=+1>puttunooy innum muzumeyaa oziyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Leprosy has still not completely died out</font><br> 1) (maTi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(settu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> pass away; expire; cease to live<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukku romba naaLaa oTambu sariyaa illaama kaTesiyile settu poonaaru.</font><br> <font size=+1>He was sick for a long time, and finally he died.</font><br> 1) (era) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> stop; cease to function, as a machine; be interrupted<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The computer just died on me all of a sudden, and I can't get it to work now</font><br> 1) 2) (maaLu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>die (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> languish; pine with love, etc.; fade (as a flower)<br> <br> <font size=+1>puuvellaam vaaTiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flowers have faded and died away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>die (to/for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavi)</font> 6b intr <br> be eager, avid to do s.t.; have a strong desire or want intensely<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He's been dying to meet you ever since you arrived!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>die away/down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> lose force or strength (as of wind, a storm, noise, etc.); disappear; fade; pass gradually<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??maze taNinjadukkappram, naanga vaziyle poohalaamNNu irundoom</font><br> <font size=+1>After the rain died down, we were able to keep walking on our way</font><br> 1) (azi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>die for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 intr + inf <br> have an irrepressible desire for; wish strongly to do s.t.; be unable to wait for s.t.; desire or want strongly; yearn, long for<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avane areya aaseppaTraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's dying to give him a slap across the face</font><br> 1) (tavi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>die off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(settuTTu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> die one by one; die gradually<br> <br> <font size=+1>marundu vaanga paNam illaama denam eezenga settuTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Daily, poor people are dying off because they don't have money to buy medicines</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>diet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattiyamiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be on a restricted alimentary regime; eat only certain kinds of foods; restrict caloric intake<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii een pattiyamirukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you dieting?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>differ</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeru paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> show lack of similarity; be different; contrast;<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNNan tambiyaa irundaalum avanga nereya vishayangaLLe veeru paTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Though they are brothers, they differ in many respects</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veera maa(di)riyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unlike in nature or qualities; be variant; be dissimilar<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda puuvooTa oppiTTu paattaa inda puu veere maariyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>When carefully scrutinized, this flower differs from that flower</font><br> 1) - (veeru paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (vityaasappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maarupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> disagree in belief, opinion, etc.; be at variance; have variant opinions about s.t.; think differently;<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He and I differ on whether the death penalty should be abolished</font><br> 1) (veeru-paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (veeru maadiri nene) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>differentiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vidyaasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make, see or perceive a difference between or in; distinguish; recognize, show, or treat as different; tell apart, discriminate, determine; tell the difference between, decide between<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda reNTu paTatteyum vityaasappaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>These two pictures need to be differentiated</font><br> 1) (veerupaaTu oNaru) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>difficult, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be hard to do; require much effort or skill to accomplish, deal with, or understand.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paarikshe keeLvi ellaam kashTamaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The questions on the exam were difficult</font><br> 1) (neraTu) 3 intr 3 pn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sangaTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr 3pn + dat <br> perceive as troubling or upsetting; be in trouble or dilemma<br> <br> <font size=+1>sunaamile settavangaLe patti keekkavee sangaTamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It is difficult to hear about the people who died in the tsunami</font><br> 1) (kashTamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>difficulty, do with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teNaru)</font> 3 intr <br> have a hard time doing; exert o.s., strain at<br> !<br> <font size=+1>cinna veele seyyakkuuTa avan teNarraanee!</font><br> <font size=+1>He finds it difficult to do small tasks!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> appear unconcerned in difficulty; rise to the occasion with difficulty<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??avan kashTamillaama ellaatteyum samaaLikkraanee!</font><br> <font size=+1>He manages difficulties with a very cool head</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taruvippiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hunt down; lay hands on s.t. after a long or difficult search<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>With great difficulty I managed to get money together to go abroad to study</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dig</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> break the ground; turn over or loosen (earth, etc.); hollow out<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayale kotti naattu naTappooroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are going to dig the field and plant crops</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> excavate; break up or turn up the ground<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaTTule tooNTi paattadule podayal keTaccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We found a treasure when we were digging in the forest</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dig the earth, break up soil/ground; work, break up, loosen up, turn over, spade, delve, till, cultivate, harrow, plow; dig a well, foundation, etc.; excavate (as a tunnel, etc.);<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda eTattule keNaru veTTa muTivu senjirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have decided to dig a well right at this spot</font><br> 1) (pari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaykkaa veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dig a waterway for irrigating<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta vaarattulerundu vaaykkaa veTTara veele aarambamaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>Digging the irrigation canal will start next week</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dig (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nooNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> scoop out; make holes in the ground<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiyaale maNale nooNTippaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Try digging the mud out by hand</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dig in(to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaz)</font> 2 intr <br> apply o.s.; try hard; address issues head-on; be resolute, stalwart<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When you encounter a difficulty, you need to dig in and apply yourself, not give up!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dig up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> get out by digging; delve; extricate; remove, withdraw, unearth<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazangaala tahaTungaLe nibunarunga tooNTiyeTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Specialists dug up some old treasures</font><br> 1) (veTTiyeTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>digest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seri)</font> 6b tr <br> process food in the stomach<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTittiNNa sooru serikkaama poohumNu en appaa enne tiTTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father scolded me, saying that I would not digest stolen food properly</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kerahiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take into mind; understand well; assimilate, process s.t. rationally<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nereya paTiccirukkeen, aanaa innum nallaa kerahiccukkalle.</font><br> <font size=+1>I read a lot of material, but I haven't digested it mentally yet</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (siiraNam seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>digested, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sericcuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be assimilated (of food)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When he eats dishes made with milk, it just doesn't get digested</font><br> 1) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dignified, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perundanmeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be marked with dignity of manner or aspect; be noble, exalted<br> <br> <font size=+1>periya manushangradunaale avar perundanmeyaa irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a great man, and therefore very dignified</font><br> 1) (oyaru) 2 intr<br> 2) (perumeyuru) ??<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(perumeyooTa seyyi @nb intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> show, have, do with dignity, self respect<br> <br> <font size=+1>seyra veeleye perumeyooTa seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should do your work with pride be dignified about it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>digress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> deviate from; leave the main subject temporarily, in speech or writing; go off at/on a tangent, get off the subject, get sidetracked, lose the thread, diverge, turn aside/away, depart, drift, stray<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??avar vahuppule peesurappa, konjam ingee angee velahipoohalaamNNu avarooTa vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>When he gets to talking in class, he tends to digress into subjects unrelated to the main topic.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dilapidated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaTenjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be in ruin or decay; be crumbling, be falling down or apart; be in need or repair<br> <br> <font size=+1>en taattaavooTa viiTu paraamarippillaama paazaTenjuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather's house became rather dilapidated due to lack of maintenance</font><br> 1) (iTinj-iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (paaz-aTe) 2b intr<br> 3) (iTi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dilatory, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be tardy or hesitant; be slow to act; be given to or causing delay; be passive aggressive<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The LTTE have resorted to dilatory procedural tactics, forcing a postponement of peace talks</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (taamadam seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dilly dally</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam uusalaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be indecisive; be wavering in mind; waste time, dally, dawdle, loiter, linger, take o's time, delay, temporize, stall, procrastinate, pussyfoot around, drag o's feet; dither, hesitate, falter, vacill<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been dilly-dallying about whether to get married now or later</font><br> 1) (pozudupookku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dilute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make weaker or thinner by adding water<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They diluted the solution with water to make it taste better</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> switch (lights, lamp) to dim; make less light; cause to fade, as color, light, freshness, memory, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaN {\d d}aak{\d t}ar veLakke mangavecciTTu enne ezuttukkaLe paTikkaveccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The eye doctor dimmed the lights and had me read the letters</font><br> 1) (mangalaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dim, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become dull (as face); lowered (as lamps, lights)<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTaham aarambikkradukku munnaale veLakkungaLellaam mangum</font><br> <font size=+1>Before the play begins, the lights are all dimmed.</font><br> 1) (mazungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>diminish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(korenjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow or become less or smaller; waste away; dwindle<br> <br> <font size=+1>idanaale en andastu korenjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My status has been diminished because of this (incident)</font><br> 1) (korecc-iTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (korev-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(korevupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> lessen, minimize, undercut, reduce, belittle or cause to appear less; make (speed) less;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en gauravatte korevupaTuttiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has diminished my social capital</font><br> 1) (korecc-iTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (korev-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>diminished, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 2b intr <br> cease to exist; perish; lose force, grow less, fade<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorle toottaalum avan aaNavam aziyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Though he lost in war, his arrogance has not diminished</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dimpled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzi)</font> 2b intr <br> be involuted; be turned in; be concave<br> <br> <font size=+1>sirikkumboodu kannam kuzinjaa adirshTamNu solvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It is said to be lucky if your cheeks get dimpled when you laugh</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dine (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLe saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> eat out; take meals outside the home; get meals in a boarding house, restaurant, hotel or hostel<br> <br> <font size=+1>denam veLLiye saappiTTaa oTambukku nalladille</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not good for your health to dine out on a daily basis</font><br> 1) (viTudiyle saappiTu) 4 tr`<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTTeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> put (a pen in ink) and take it out quickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>peenaavaale maiye toTTeTuttuTTu ezudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Dip the pen in the ink and then write</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take up s.t. with o's hand (a spoon, etc.); reach into and take up s.t.; scoop out or up<br> !<br> <font size=+1>kaiye saambaarle viTTeTukkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't dip your hands in the sambar!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tooyi)</font> 6b tr <br> immerse; plunge; soak; put s.t. into liquid and remove quickly; dunk<br> <br> <font size=+1>dooseye saambaarle tooccu saappiTTaa rusiyaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The dosa will taste better if you dip it in the sambar first</font><br> 1) (toocceTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dip (have a)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muzukkuppooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> immerse o.s. quickly under water; go for a dip<br> <br> <font size=+1>gange taNNiiyile oru muzukku pooTTuTTu vareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will go have a dip in the Ganges and be back</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dip (into)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTTuppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> examine s.t. superficially; read s.t. a little; treat lightly or quickly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In my reading, I've dipped a little into that subject since I didn't know anything about it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dip into (funds, purse, etc.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi nereyakkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> provide funds for s.t.; resort to a funding source previously set aside for other purposes, or in reserve<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??paNam illaamaalirundadaale, pudu vaNTiye vaanguradukku kayyi nereyakkuTukkaveeNTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When we ran out of money, we had to dip into our savings to pay for the new car.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dipped, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooyi)</font> 2b intr <br> be immersed, wet or soaked<br> <br> <font size=+1>iTli saambaarle toonjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The idli is dipped in sambar</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>direct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eyakku)</font> 3 tr <br> serve as director of a play, film, ballet etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda paTatte eyakkivar yaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who directed this movie?</font><br> 1) (naTattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muhavari ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> give directions; write out the address, along with the name<br> ?? , <br> <font size=+1>veeNumNNaa, oru kaavalkaarane keeTTu, avan ongaLe mohavari ezuduvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>If you get lost, ask any policeman and he'll direct you to our house</font><br> k8 pa33u|<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>direct(ly), go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neeraa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go straight, go without turning<br> <br> <font size=+1>idee rooTTule neeraa poonaa amman koovil oNNu varum</font><br> <font size=+1>You will reach an amman temple if you keep going directly on this road</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>directly, go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarruNNu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go without halting on the way; go at once; take off like a bat out of hell; head straight for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raakkeT sarruNNu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rocket went directly (toward its target)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dirty, be/come</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become soiled, unclean, filthy, contaminated<br> <br> <font size=+1>en veeTTi azukkaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My dhoti got dirty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dirty, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make soiled, dirty, or filthy<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiye azukkaakkaama veLayaaTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to play without dirtying your hands</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disable</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uunamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> incapacitate; cripple; make unfit<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vayasuleye pooliyoo vyaadi sendile uunamaakkiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Senthil was disabled by polio at a young age</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disabuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNmeye sollivayyi)</font> 4 tr <br> tell the truth to; set s.o. right; straighten s.o. out about s.t.; give s.o. a talking-to<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avangakiTTe konjam sollivekkaNumee!</font><br> <font size=+1>S.o. should disabuse them!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disabuse s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.o. to see things as they are; shatter or divest s.o. of illusions; remove the scales from s.o.'s eyes; enlighten, set straight, open s.o.'s eyes; disenchant, disillusion, disappoint, make<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>At first he thought the war in Iraq was a good thing, but finally we managed to disabuse him of that notion</font><br> 1) (nayakkattulerundu viTuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disagree</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottukkaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> fail to agree; be unsuitable; be allergic to s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enda vishayattuleyum ottukkaama irundaa eppaTi seendu vaazamuTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>If we disagree on everything, how can we live together?</font><br> 1) (veeru-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disappear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 2b intr <br> vanish, cease to be seen; be lost; cease to exist (as a custom, a species. etc.), be(come) extinct<br> <br> <font size=+1>minnal vandavoTane marenjiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Lighting disappears as soon as it appears</font><br> 1) (azi) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disappoint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> fail to keep a promise; fail to fulfill s.t. for s.o. ; deceive<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was once seen as a promising young writer, but his work has been disappointing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disappointed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaandupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be deceived; be sad for not getting what one wanted, etc.; be depressed; be discouraged or disheartened<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaarkiTTeyum eeemaandupoohaama buddisaaliyaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must be clever and not let yourself be disappointed by people</font><br> 1) (manam oTenjuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disarm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6b tr <br> take away, deprive of or remove (as a weapon); render harmless<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTankiTTerundu kattiye paricceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I disarmed the robber of his knife</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> divest s.o. of (anger, hostility, an unpleasant feeling, etc.)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He totally disarmed us with his amiable response.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTepalam kore)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce the size of armed forces; get rid of certain weapons<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In 1963, the US and Russia agreed to begin disarming their nuclear weapons</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disarrange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alangoolappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put out of order; disturb the arrangement of; make untidy or disordered, disorder, throw into disarray/disorder, put out of place, disorganize, disturb, displace; mess up, make untidy, make a mess of<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandenga veLayaaTi viiTTe alangoolappaTuttiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children were playing, and managed to disarrange the whole house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disavow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTikkazi)</font> 6b tr <br> say that one does not know about (s.t. or s.o.); disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or belief in; deny, disown, wash o's hands of, repudiate, reject, renounce<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman tannooTa poruppe taTTikkaziccuTTu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman is disavowing his responsibilities</font><br> 1) (teriyaaduNNu sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disband</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(raaNuvatte kale)</font> 6b tr <br> dissolve the army<br> <br> <font size=+1>iiraakkooTa raaNuvatte kaleccadu tappuNNu nibuNar ellaam solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Experts say that it was a mistake to disband Iraq's army</font><br> 1) (kale) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> undo; dismantle an organization; terminate pregnancy;<br> j <br> <font size=+1>raajaaraam tannooTa arasiyal kacciye poona maasam kaleccuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Rajaram disbanded his political party last month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disbelieve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambaamal iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unwilling or unable to believe; refuse to believe; be skeptical of; have no religious belief; give no credence to, discredit, discount, doubt, distrust, mistrust, be incredulous, be unconvinced; re<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sonnadellaam naan namballe</font><br> <font size=+1>I disbelieved everything he said.</font><br> 1) (nambaad-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disburse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTuvaaTaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> distribute (money, pay, wages, etc.) on a regular basis<br> <br> <font size=+1>sambaLatte ovvoru maasamum oNNaam teedi paTTuvaaTaa seyveeNNu modalaaLi sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our boss said that he will disburse the salaries on the first of each month</font><br> 1) (paNam kuTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velakkiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dismiss; reject, get rid of; cast aside, throw away as useless<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda soohamaana nenevungaLe manasuleendu velakkiviTradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's good to cleanse your mind of these sad thoughts and discard them.</font><br> 1) (erinjiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discern</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> perceive by the sight or intellect; distinguish or recognize as distinct; see<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava mohabaavangaLe kaNTuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was able to discern her facial expressions</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discernible, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b intr 3 pn <br> be visible; be perceivable, apparent<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTesiyle male duurattule terinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>At last the mountain became discernible in the distance.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discharge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTameye seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do, complete, or carry out a duty; fulfill an obligation, perform as required<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum neermeyaa tangaLooTa kaTameye seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone should discharge their duties sincerely</font><br> 1) (umizu) 2 tr<br> 2) (poruppe nereveettu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(some erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> unload goods from<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to discharge the truck of its contents and move on to the next town</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shoot (with) a fire-arm; fire a gun, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamu paraveye tuppaakkiyaale suTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu discharged the gun and shot the bird</font><br> 1) (eevu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> give out or pour forth (as sweat from the body, etc.); give off; emit secretions; ooze (puss, blood, etc.) from a wound<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When there is an infection, the body will discharge certain fluids</font><br> 1) (veLiviTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (kasi) 2b intr<br> 3) (kazi) 6b tr<br> 4) (peyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> 5) (kakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> send away or allow to leave (as a patient from a hospital); release from confinement; dismiss from a job<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaave aaspatrilerundu naaLekki anuppicciTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My father will be discharged from the hospital tomorrow</font><br> 1) (veeleyleerundu niikku) 3 tr<br> 2) (viTudale seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTan tii(r)ttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> pay a debt; pay back an obligation<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTantiittadukkappuram uure viTTu poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Leave the city after discharging your debts</font><br> 1) (viTuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(veelelerundu niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> send away from service; dismiss from an office; fire<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne aniyaayamaa veelelerundu niikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They discharged me from my job for no reason</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discipline</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payirci kuTu)</font> 6b tr <br> train by exercise, etc.; drill<br> <br> <font size=+1>dyaanam seyyardaala naama namma manasukku payirci kuTukkaroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We discipline our mind by meditation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> penalize or punish in order to control or train; chastize<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappu senjavanga taNTikkappaTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The guilty should be disciplined and punished</font><br> 1) (ode) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTiyavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> provide discipline; bring to a state of control or order; make obedient<br> <br> <font size=+1>vevasaayi maaTungaLe aTiccu paTiyaveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The farmer disciplined the cows by beating them</font><br> 1) (pazakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (tiruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disciplined, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaaTTukku uTpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be trained; be obedient and orderly<br> <br> <font size=+1>abuu graible kaidinga amerikkaavooTa kaTTuppaaTTukku uTpaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The prisoners in Abu Graib were disciplined under American supervision</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disclaim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maru)</font> 6 tr <br> deny; repudiate; disavow<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiri ellaa kuttaccaaTTungaLeyum maruttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister disclaimed (any responsibility for) the allegations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyaaduNNu kaiviri)</font> 6b tr <br> deny knowledge of, interest in or connection with; disavow; refuse to accept or acknowledge; disown<br> <br> <font size=+1>koleye patti engaLukku oNNumee teriyaaduNNu graamattu makkaL kaiviriccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The villagers disclaimed any knowledge of the murder</font><br> 1) (eerkamaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disclose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> divulge; make known, tell; reveal (as o's innermost thoughts); talk frankly<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa uNmeyaana viruppangaLe enkiTTe veLippaTuttinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She disclosed her real desires to me</font><br> 1) (terandu sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discombobulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 4 tr <br> confuse, put into confusion; throw out of order, disturb, disconcert<br> !<br> <font size=+1>puriyavekke sonnaa nallaa kozappiTTiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>I asked you to explain it, and all you have done is to discombobulate me!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disconcert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakkiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> ruffle or perturb; upset, discompose, untune, disconcert, cause to lose o's composure, discomfit<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It was very disconcerting to learn that he was a fraud and an imposter</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (kalanga seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(amediye keTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> disturb the calmness or self possession of<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkattu viiTTu aaravaaram neettu en amaidiye keTuttuTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The celebration in my neighbor's house disconcerted me yesterday</font><br> 1) (kozappiiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discontinue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> leave off (as a habit); stop<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>palteekkrade nii een viTTuTTe?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did you discontinue brushing your teeth?</font><br> 1) (niruttiyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discount</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> offer for sale at a reduced price; offer a discount or reduction in price; cut price(s) down<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They have discounted the price of the older models of their computers</font><br> 1) (kazivu kuTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (taLLubaTi seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(appaTiyee eTuttukkakkuuTaadu)</font> 7 intr <br> not take things as they seem; dismiss, disregard, brush aside, brush off; disbelieve; take with a grain of salt; make allowances for exaggeration; believe only the half of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru solrade appaTiyee eTuttukkakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to discount a lot of what he says.</font><br> 1) (paadidaan nambu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discourage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinvaanga seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dissuade; cause to go back, hinder; prevent; cause not to go ahead with, to falter, or to be indecisive; cause to lose hope, courage, or confidence;<br> <br> <font size=+1>en toolvi ellaam enne pinvaanga seyyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>My failures did not discourage me</font><br> 1) (nambikke ezakka seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> 2) (peedalikka seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> 3) (adairiya paTuttu) 3 tr<br> 4) (taTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discouraged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam taLar)</font> 2 intr <br> be disheartened or dispirited, be without hope, be indecisive<br> <br> <font size=+1>toolvingaLaale manam taLandurakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>One should not get discouraged by failures</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saliccuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become fatigued or disheartened<br> <br> <font size=+1>denam oree vele senju saliccuppooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I get discouraged doing the same job everyday</font><br> 1) 2) (aluttuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discourse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> not a useful verb<br> <br> <font size=+1>meduvaana koralla peesu</font><br> <font size=+1>Talk in a low voice</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discover</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> find a way (to do s.t.); contrive, work s.t. out; uncover; detect; find out, come across/upon, stumble upon, chance upon, light upon, locate, bring to light, unearth, turn up<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ooTum taNNiileerundu minsaaratte uNTaakkamuTiyuumNu yaar kaNTupiTiccaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who discovered the fact that electricity can be generated from running water?</font><br> 1) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discredit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avanambikke koLLa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> destroy confidence in; cause to doubt; unveil the truth about s.t.; show s.o. up;<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Every time somebody claims to have discovered cold fusion, somebody else will try to discredit them</font><br> 1) (nambale (neg. of nambu)) 3 tr<br> 2) (avanambikke koo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peyare keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> injure the reputation or name of; bring discredit or dishonor upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru vaaddiyaaru paLLikkuuTattooTa peyare keTuttuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>One teacher has discredited the whole school</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nambamaru)</font> 6 tr <br> refuse to believe; refuse to give credence to; refuse to trust<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avan sonnade nambale</font><br> <font size=+1>I discredited what he said</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discriminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saluhe kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a distinction in favor of; show favor to<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu adihaaringaLukku tani saluhe kaaTTappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone is discriminating in favor of government officials</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pakuttari)</font> tr <br> distinguish clearly<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make distinctions based on prejudices such as caste, race, religion, color, sex, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It's against the law to discriminate against people on the basis of certain social characteristics</font><br> 1) (veerupaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(teeru)</font> 2 tr <br> know clearly; recognize a distinction; perceive or constitute the difference in or between; tell the difference; tell apart<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You do need to be able to discriminate between retroflex and dental sounds in Dravidian languages</font><br> 1) (teeru) 2 tr<br> 2) (veerupaaTu kaNTari) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>discuss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTi peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> converse together with (or without) a purpose; talk s.t. over with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaavooTe kuuTi peesi oru muTivukku varuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will discuss this with my father and reach a decision</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vivaadi)</font> 6b tr <br> examine by argument; examine from various points of view; debate (in speech or in writing); talk about together; hash out<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu vivaadiccu muTivu seyyaveeNTiya vishayam</font><br> <font size=+1>This is a matter to be discussed and then decided</font><br> 1) (vivaadam seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disdain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avamadi)</font> 6b tr <br> scorn, show contempt for, spurn, reject, refuse, rebuff, disregard, sneer at, deride, belittle, undervalue, slight, look down on; (inf.) pooh-pooh, look down o's nose at<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ammaave avamadiccavangaLukku naan mariyaade taramaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will not respect those who disdained my mother</font><br> 1) (alakshiyam seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> 2) (eeLanam seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disembark</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> get down from; get off (a train, plane, etc.)<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>neeram ille,adanaale rayillerundu veehamaa erangaNum!</font><br> <font size=+1>Time is of the essence, so you have to disembark from the train quickly!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNaayirangu)</font> 3 intr <br> go on shore from a ship; land<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In the colonial period, people arriving from England by ship disembarked in Bombay</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disembowel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTale piTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove the bowels of; gut<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When they slaughter an animal on the farm, the dogs disembowel it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disencumber</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(villangattulerundu viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> set free from (financial or budgetary) encumbrances; unblock; release (funds)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The funds budgeted for March have now been disencumbered, and we can proceed to spend them.</font><br> 1) (villangam niikku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disenfranchise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakkurimeye pari)</font> 6b tr <br> take away a person's right to vote<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu sela kaaTTuvaasingaLooTa vaakkurimeye paricciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government had disenfranchised some forest dwellers</font><br> 1) (urimeye pari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disengage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLarttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make loose, loosen; detach, disentangle, extricate, separate, release, free, disconnect, unfasten, unclasp, uncouple, undo, unhook, unhitch, untie, unyoke, disentwine<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to loosen the chains and disengage the connectors</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disengaged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaadaan iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be free from engagements, entanglements, or obligations; be free for use; be at loose ends<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tambi veeleyillaama summadaan irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My younger brother is without work and disengaged</font><br> 1) (summaa-taan iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disentangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappattulerundu viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> set free from confusion; unsnarl, straighten out, disinvolve, disembroil; get out of, extricate o.s. from; set free or extricate from entanglement(s)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>How can I disentangle myself from her personal affairs?</font><br> 1) (sikkallerundu viTuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koodu)</font> 3 tr <br> disentangle the hair with the fingers; comb out<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinnavayasule en muTiye en ammaa koodinaadaan naan tuunguveen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I was a child, I couldn't sleep until my mother combed out my hair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkaleTu)</font> 6 tr <br> untangle; untwist what is mixed up<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nuule sikkaleTukka neeramaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take time to disentangle this thread</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disfigure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urutteriyaama seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> destroy the appearance of; mutilate the features of; deface, blemish<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorle piTipaTTa viirane edirunga aTiccu urutteriyaama senjiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The enemies beat up the soldier captured in the war, badly disfiguring him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(avalakshaNappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make ugly; deform, deface, misshape, mar, ruin, spoil, damage, maim, injure, cripple, mutilate, mangle, mar the excellence of<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>muTiyooTa neratte maattiTTu een niiyee unne avalakshaNappaTuttikkare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you disfiguring yourself by dyeing your hair?</font><br> 1) (vehaaramaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (azahe keTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (alangoolappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disgorge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi kuTuttuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give up; yield; return s.t. taken<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge ordered the crook to disgorge about $468,000 he had obtained by defrauding banks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kakku)</font> 3 tr <br> throw up; give up unwillingly or under force (especially s.t. taken unlawfully or wrongly); discharge or throw out forcefully (as a volcano)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They are expecting the Merapi volcano to erupt and disgorge lava any day now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaandiyeTu)</font> 6 intr, tr <br> spew out, vomit forth; throw out (s.t.) from the throat, etc.; eject, discharge<br> <br> <font size=+1>subbu oTambu sariyillaama vaandiyeTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Subbu was ill and disgorged the entire contents of his stomach</font><br> 1) (veLi taLLu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disgrace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avamadi)</font> 6b tr <br> put s.o. to shame; treat with disfavour or scorn; dishonour; bring shame or discredit to<br> j <br> <font size=+1>roojaa een tannoTa maamiyaare avamadiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did Roja disgrace her mother-in-law?</font><br> 1) (avamaanam uNTaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (avamaanappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 3) (veTkamaakku) 3 tr<br> 4) (veTkappaNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disgraceful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTkakkeeTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be deserving shame, disrepute or discredit<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avan senjadu veTka keeTaa irundadu!</font><br> <font size=+1>What he did was disgraceful!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disgruntled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ummNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be sulky; pull a long face; pout; be discontented, irritated, annoyed or moody<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppavum siricciTTu iruppee; iNNekki een ummNNu irukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>You are normally so cheerful, so why are you acting so disgruntled?</font><br> 1) (urra-NN-iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (mana koreyooT-iru) 7 intr<br> 3) (adruptiyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disguise o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaruveesham pooTu @sh tr@)</font> 2b tr <br> put on a disguise (in order to be incognito or to cheat); alter in appearance or nature so as to conceal the identity of; conceal (a feeling or situation)<br> <br> <font size=+1>mannar maaruveesham pooTTu naharatte valam vandaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The king disguised himself and went around the city</font><br> 1) (mare) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disgust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause loathing, aversion or nausea; cause s.o. to feel hate; offend the senses or sensibilities<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paTattule aruvaruppuuTTum kaaTcinga nereya irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There are many scenes in that movie that will disgust (you)</font><br> 1) (aruvaruppaTeya seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> 2) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disgusted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(komaTTu)</font> 3 intr 3 pn <br> feel nauseated or disgusted; be disgusting<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan senjadu enakku komaTTuradu</font><br> <font size=+1>What he did just makes me disgusted</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suLi)</font> 6b intr <br> be displeased; be turned off or revolted by s.t.; turn up o's nose at s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku idule ishTam illiyaam. tannooTa mohatte suLikkraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She seems disgusted by this matter--her face says it all</font><br> 1) (moham suLi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kasanduTu)</font> 3b intr <br> grow embittered; become weary or sick of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu enakku kasanduTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>That disgusted me; I'm sick and tired of it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppu aTe @nb intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> loathe; detest; hate; despise; abominate; be grossed out<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan neettu teruvule pooTura asuttatte paattu aruvaruppu aTanjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was really disgusted yesterday to see the way rubbish was just thrown in the streets</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dish out/up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTattule parimaaru)</font> 3 tr <br> serve (food) in a dish or plate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When you go to a self-service place, you dish up your own food</font><br> 1) (parimaaru) 3 tr<br> 2) (pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dishearten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soorvuuTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> depress; discourage; cause to be dispirited<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veele enakku soorvuuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This work is disheartening me</font><br> 1) (nambikke keTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (adairiyappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disheartened, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soo(r)ndupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become dispirited or weary; be depressed, downcast<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinnavayasule enda nelameleyum soondupooyiTakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>At your young age, you should be disheartened by whatever happens</font><br> 1) 2) (asandupoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dishevel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paraTTeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make (hair) untidy, wild or ruffled up<br> <br> <font size=+1>prabu tannoTa muTiye paraTTeyaakkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Prabhu's hair got all disheveled and messed up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disheveled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paraTTettaleyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be untidy; have messy or rumpled hair; look wild, savage and unkempt<br> <br> <font size=+1>paraTTettaleyaa irundaa enda poNNum unne tirumbikuuTa paakkamaaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>If you look disheveled, no girl will even glance at you</font><br> 1) (alangoolamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dishonor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avamaanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> disagree; bring shame on; disrespect s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirkaTci talaivare modalamaiccar avamaanappaTuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister dishonored the opposition party leader</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karpazi)</font> 6b tr <br> rape<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aadivaasi poNNe yaaroo karpaziccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody has raped and dishonored that tribal girl</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTiyal maru)</font> tr <br> refuse to honor (a cheque, draft, etc.); turn (s.t. as cheque, etc.) back without honoring<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When I presented my check to be cashed, they dishonored it</font><br> 1) (tiruppiviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disillusioned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasanduppoo)</font> 3b intr + dat <br> be dissappointed, dejected; feel hopeless, embittered<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku vaazkkeye kasandu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>He's become disillusioned with life.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disinclined, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viruppamillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without willingness or inclination; be unwilling; be (dead) set against (doing s.t.); be reluctant, unenthusiastic, unprepared, indisposed, ill-disposed, not in the mood, hesitant; be loath, averse<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeleyle viruppamillaaTTaa ippavee solliTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Speak up now if you are disinclined to do this job</font><br> 1) (manamillaama iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disinfect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tottu niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> free s.o./s.t. from germs, infection; clean with a disinfectant in order to destroy bacteria.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When they came out of those internment camps, we had to disinfect them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disinherit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sotturimeye pari)</font> 6b tr <br> take away s.o.'s right to property; deprive of right the inherit<br> <br> <font size=+1>lalitaavooTa tambinga ava sotturimeye pariccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Lalitha's brothers disinherited her</font><br> 1) (sotturimeye maru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disintegrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuLaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> crumble to pieces or powder; break up; fall apart, decay<br> <br> <font size=+1>maram vizundadula sovaru tuuL tuuLaayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The wall disintegrated when the tree fell on it</font><br> 1) (sede) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disinter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> dig up; unearth<br> <br> <font size=+1>oLiccuvecca podeyale tooNTiyeTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I disinterred the treasure I had hidden</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disinterested, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soyanalamillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without selfish interests or concerns; abe aloof, be unconcerned, be above it all<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avar eppaTi tuLikuuTa soyanalamillaama irukkaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>How is he able to be so disinterested?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disjoint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazattu)</font> 3 tr <br> (culin.) separate at the joints and take to pieces; unfasten; take apart; dismantle<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??oru periya koziye kazattiTTu, ade oru paaneyle vacci, [...]</font><br> <font size=+1>Disjoint a large chicken, put in a pot, and simmer until tender.</font><br> 1) (eNeppe piri) 6b tr<br> 2) (kazalu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disjointed be, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munpin toTarpillaama tiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be loose or rambling or broken (of speech, writing, etc.); be incoherent; fail to make sense<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kadeyle sela pahundi munpin toTarpillaama irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Some parts of his story are really disjointed and incoherent</font><br> 1) (piri) 6b intr<br> 2) (ozungatt-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTankuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be or become loose at the joinings; be loosely jointed, have play in the joints<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This chair has become disjointed and is threatening to fall apart</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dislike</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veru)</font> 6 tr <br> regard with displeasure, disapproval or disgust; be unfond of; have no regard for; hate, loathe; have a feeling of aversion or displeasure for or towards (s.o. or s.t.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>een enne verukkare</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you dislike me?</font><br> 1) (veruppukkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> 2) (aruvaru) 6 tr<br> 3) (piTikkaama iru) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dislocate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suLukkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> sprain o.s.; sprain (o's joints)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTi veLeyaaTi en kaale suLukkikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was running and playing and dislocated my ankle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> upset; throw out of order; put out of balance<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The election victory of Hamas managed to totally dislocate the balance of power in the Mideast</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (eTampeyar seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> 3) (ozungu keTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dislodge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peyarttu eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> move s.t. from a place or position (as a stone from a wall); loosen<br> <br> <font size=+1>paareye maleylerundu peyarttu eTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to dislodge the rock from the mountain</font><br> 1) (doratti-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive out; force out; chase away, evict; get rid of<br> [ ?] <br> <font size=+1>viiTTu [bode] pakkattulerundu naaye ellaam veraTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should dislodge those dogs from their hiding place near our house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dismantle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dismantle, take apart, as a machine; dissassemble, as an engine<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Recently a man dismantled a house he bought in Ohio and had the whole thing transported to California!</font><br> 1) (appurappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (piricceTu) 6 t<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dismayed, be, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kolenjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be perturbed, depressed or discouraged; be filled with consternation or anxiety; be reduced to despair<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I was dismayed by the change of policy on immigration</font><br> 1) (manam peedali) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dismiss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove; withhold; throw out, send away<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan seyyaada tappukkaaha enne paTTileerundu niikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They dismissed me from the army for a misdemeanor I didn't commit</font><br> 1) (viTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (akattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLubaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> decline to sanction (a count, verdict, etc.); overrule, disallow, put aside, exclude from consideration<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirtarappu vakkiilooTa vaadatte niidibadi taLLubaTi senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge dismissed the opposing lawyer's argument</font><br> 1) (taLLiviTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (taLLubaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(padavi niikkam seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> fire (from a job); discharge from employment or office; give notice to, discharge, expel, cashier, remove, oust, muster out, eject, lay off; (inf.) sack, give the sack to, fire, give s.o. their mar<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamanooTa meelaaLar raamane tiTiiruNNu veeleyleendu padavi niikkam senjuTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman's boss suddenly dismissed him from the job.</font><br> 1) (veele niikkam seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poohaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow to go or depart; allow to disperse; send away<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne veLeyaaTa poohaviTungaNNu saami kenjinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sami pleaded (with me) to dismiss him so he could go and play</font><br> 1) (anuppu) 3 tr<br> 2) (anuppuTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (viTTuTu) 4 tr<br> 4) (niikku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove, send away(from office, position, etc.); kick out, demote<br> <br> <font size=+1>unne een veelelerundu niikkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did they dismiss you from the job?</font><br> 1) (viTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (akattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dismissed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ahattappaTu)</font> be discharged from an office, job, etc.; be removed<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She was dismissed from her job as superintendent for embezzlement</font><br> 1) (kalenji poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be allowed to go; be sent away; be permitted to disperse<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the exercises, the class was dismissed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dismount</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pirittuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> not useful<br> 1) (piricci pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (kudirelerundu viizttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> get down (from a horse, a carriage, etc.)<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kudireylerundu ellaarum erangiTTaangaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Have all the [riders] dismounted?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disobedient, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be insubordinate; be unruly; be wild; be indifferent or neglectful<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaayum baalu aTangaama irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Balu is disobedient even though he's [supposedly] all grown up</font><br> 1) (asaTTeyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disobey</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miiru)</font> 3 tr <br> violate; act in opposition to; break; cf. also breach, violate, infringe; defy, disobey, flout, contravene; behave contrary to the desire of; behave unbecomingly; act causing inconvenience or affron<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasanooTa aaNaye miiri yaarum naaTTaviTTu veLLe poohamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can disobey the king's orders and leave the country</font><br> 1) (eerumaaruha naTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disorderly, act</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miirinaTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk in an unruly manner; trespass; overstep the boundary<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda elleye miirinaTandu vandaa kaidu senjuTuvoomNu kaavaltore eccarikke viTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police warned that they would arrest disorderly people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disorderly, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be out of order, be messed up; be thrown about or scattered<br> <br> <font size=+1>unnooTa ruumu een ippaTi ozungillaama irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is your room so disordered?</font><br> 1) (taarumaaraa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disorganize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put out of working order; put into confusion; upset the organization<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After he became head of the department, he managed to totally disorganize the whole shebang</font><br> 1) (sedeccuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disown</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kai kazuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> refuse to own (as o's son); get s.t. off o's hands; wash o's hands of s.t. or s.o.; shun<br> j <br> <font size=+1>veera jaadi poNNe kalyaaNam senjadunaale sivaave avan appaa kai kazuviTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Siva's father disowned him after he married a girl from a different caste</font><br> 1) (taLLi vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disparage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak deprecatingly or disparagingly; belittle, denigrate, deprecate, play down, trivialize, make light of, undervalue, underrate; ridicule, deride, mock, scorn, scoff at, sneer at; run down, defame,<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezengaLe ehazndu peesaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Do not disparage the poor</font><br> 1) (serume paTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (ehazu) 2b tr<br> 3) (izivupaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dispatch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> send; send off<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazam vaangiTTu vara veeleyaaLe anuppiyirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have dispatched a servant to buy fruit</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koNNuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put to death; kill; do away with<br> <br> <font size=+1>viirappan tanne piTikkavanda kaaval adihaariye koNNuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Veerappan dispatched the police officer who came to catch him</font><br> 1) (anuppi vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dispense</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> give out (as donations, justice, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>baadikkappaTTavangaLukku nidi vazanga yaarum munvarale</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody came forward to dispense services to the affected</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(marundu kalandu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> mix and give out medicine<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalle marundu kalandu kuTuttavoTane kozande oTanee kuTiccuTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child quickly drank the milk mixed with medicine that I dispensed</font><br> 1) ci ku8u|<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dispense with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> forgo or do without; bypass<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's dispense with the fancy speeches, and cut to the conclusion</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disperse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to disperse; get rid of; dislodge enemies; shoo away; break up, split up, disband, scatter, leave, send their separate ways; drive away/off, chase away. <br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTatte kalekka taNNigunTungaLe viisinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>(They) fired tear gas shells to disperse the crowd</font><br> 1) (sedar-aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sedaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be or become scattered or strewn; go in various directions<br> <br> <font size=+1>panittuLi ellaam sedari kiize vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The snow flakes dispersed as they fell to the ground</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ahalu)</font> 1 intr <br> be dispelled; be sent in various directions; be sent away<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tunbamellaam ahanTuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My sorrow has been dispelled</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kalenjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go away, as an army, crowd, etc.; break up, disband, separate, go separate ways, scatter, dissolve, leave, vanish, melt away<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTam innum kalenjupoohale</font><br> <font size=+1>The crowd has not yet dispersed</font><br> 1) (sedar-aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kalenjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go away, melt away; break up, be broken up<br> <br> <font size=+1>mukkiya peeccaaLaru kuuTTattukku varaadadunaale kuuTTam kalenju poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The crowd dispersed when the guest of honor failed to show up for the meeting</font><br> 1) (sedar-aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dispirited, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urcaaham eza)</font> 7 intr <br> be dejected; be without enthusiasm<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru vaaTTi toottaa oTanee urcaaham ezandurakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not become dispirited just after losing once</font><br> 1) (asanduTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manamuTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be or become dejected or weary; be broken hearted; lose heart; be down in the dumps<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele poonadunaala ava manamoTenjiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She became dispirited because she lost the job</font><br> 1) (soo(r)nduTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>displaced, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ahadiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become a displaced person, be exiled, be a refugee<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya elange tamizanga ahadiyaayi indiyaa vanduTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many Srilankan Tamil have become displaced persons, and end up in India</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>display</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 2b intr <br> arrange; expose to view; exhibit; show; burst asunder, as a ripe fruit; open, as a flower<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava puuve azahaa viriccirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She had displayed the flowers beautifully.</font><br> 1) (poruTkaaTciyaa vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTe ezuttule pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> print in bold letters; show prominently<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozendengaLukku anumadi keTeyaaduNNu koTTe ezuttule pooTTurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It is displayed in bold letters that children are not allowed entry</font><br> 1) (veLi kaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> arrange (things in order to catch the eye of a customer)<br> <br> <font size=+1>bommeyellaam aTukki veccaa paakka azahaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will look nice if you display the dolls attractively</font><br> 1) (kaNNule paTra maadiri vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>displease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veruppuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make dissatisfied; incur the dislike of; offend<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You have displeased the Chair of the department by your impertinent questions!</font><br> 1) (varunda vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koobappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make angry or indignant; annoy; vex, irk; incur displeasure<br> <br> <font size=+1>meele peesi appaave koovappaTuttaadeNNu en ammaa sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother told me not to say anything more that would displease my father</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>displeased, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koobappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be angry; be annoyed<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vishayangaLukku ippaTi koobappaTakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not be displeased by such little things</font><br> 1) 2) (suLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dispose of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivukaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> settle; conclude; deal with conclusively; get rid of; do away with; have done with; eliminate, destroy; kill<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTanee inda praccanekki oru muTivukaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should dispose of this problem immediately</font><br> 1) (oziccu kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vittuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> sell off, get rid of; shed<br> <br> <font size=+1>savitaa tannooTa viiTTe vittuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Savitha has disposed of her house</font><br> 1) (tiittuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disposed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b intr + dat <br> turn the wishes towards; cause to like; incline towards; be favorable or friendly towards; like, favor<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? ippa avane paattu konjam virumbaa irukkeen; munnaale enakku avane piTikkaada maadiri irundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm more favorably disposed toward him now than I used to be</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dispossess</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sotte pari)</font> 6b tr <br> take away (a person's) property; alienate<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu paNNeyaarooTa sotte paricciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has dispossessed the landlord of his property</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dispossessed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anaadeyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be removed of o's possessions; be without property; be orphaned, disinherited, disenfranchised<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan cinnavayasuliyee anaadeyaayiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was dispossessed and became an orphan at a young age</font><br> 1) (ahadiyaahu) 3 int<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disprove</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappuNNu niruubi)</font> 6b tr <br> prove to be wrong or false<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar solrade naan tappuNNu niruubikkareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will disprove what he is saying</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dispute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTeyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> quarrel, argue, wrangle, altercate<br> . <br> <font size=+1>paakistaan aTikkaTi indiyaavooTa saNTekki varudu. idu veedane tarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Pakistan and India quite often dispute various issues, which is indeed distressing</font><br> 1) (vaadaaTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disqualified, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyeza)</font> 7 tr <br> be or become unfit; lose fitness or qualification<br> <br> <font size=+1>pariikshayile okkaara naan tahudiyezenduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have been disqualified from taking the exam</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disqualify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyizakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> remove the qualifications of; decertify; render s.t. unfit or unqualified<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was disqualified from the competition because of having taken drugs</font><br> 1) (tahudiyattadaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (tahudiyattavaraakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disregard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madikkaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> treat as of no importance; slight; reject; ignore; consider to be insignificant or worthless<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan een yaareyum madikkaama irukkaan?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why does he disregard the opinions of everyone else?</font><br> 1) pa33aame iru|<br> 2) (neraahari) 6b tr<br> 3) (odukkiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disrespect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avamadi)</font> 6b tr <br> mistreat verbally; call s.o. names; cast aspersions about s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan unnooTe purushangrade manasule vaccikkoo. naan soombeeri, tuungumuunjiNNu solli enne avamadiccikkiTTeeyirukke</font><br> <font size=+1>Bear in mind that I am your husband. You are always disrespecting me with accusations of being lazy and sleeping all the time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disrupt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungu moreye keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> upset the organization or system; destroy the order of<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu modalaaLi vangiyooTa ozungu moreye keTukkappaakkraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The new boss is trying to disrupt and revamp the way the bank is organized</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTepaTa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> interrupt; destroy the proceedings or activities of; throw into disorder/disarray, disorder, disorganize, cause confusion/turmoil in, disarrange, disturb, upset; suspend, discontinue, interfere with,<br> j <br> <font size=+1>koLLekkaaranga kooyil puujeye taTepaTa senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The robbers disrupted the temple pooja</font><br> 1) (cinnaapinnappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disrupted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be interrupted or disturbed; be disordered; be scattered around<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tiTTam taarumaaraayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My plan got disrupted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>diss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeli seyyi @(nb tr )@)</font> 1 tr <br> mock, jeer, taunt, sneer at; slam, dig, send or shoot barbs, jibe<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avaLukku mattavangaLe keeli senjikiTTu avangaLe paattu moham suzikkadaan piTikkum.</font><br> <font size=+1>She just likes to diss people and taunt them</font><br> 1) (ehazcci sey) 1 tr<br> 2) (eeLanam seyyi ~(nb tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dissatisfied, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(druptiyillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without satisfaction; be discontented, displeased, disgruntled, disapproving, unsatisfied, disappointed, unfulfilled, frustrated, unhappy, regretful, vexed, angry, resentful, restless<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu irundum druptiyillaama irukkiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how much you possess, you're still dissatisfied!</font><br> 1) 2) (mana koreyooT-iru) 7 intr<br> 3) (adrupti aTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dissect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruttuppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> do a dissection on (a biological specimen, etc.); cut s.t. open for examination<br> <br> <font size=+1>eliye aruttuppaattu adukkuLLe irukkrade appaTiyee vareyunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Dissect the rat and draw exactly what you see inside it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dissemble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTi)</font> 6b intr <br> put on the appearance of; feign; pretend<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTambu sariyillaadamaadiri naTikkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't try to dissemble illness</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veesham pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> feign, fake, pretend, put on an act<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii veesham pooTTadu ellaarukkum terinjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody has come to know that you were dissembling</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dissent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottukka maru)</font> 6 tr <br> refuse to agree to (an opinion, etc.); disagree; have another opinion<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>All the other judges were in agreement, but one dissented</font><br> 1) (eerka maru) 6 tr<br> 2) (karuttu maaru-paTu) 4 intr<br> 3) (karuttuveerupaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dissipate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(citaraTi)</font> 6b tr <br> scatter; disperse; drive away<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> waste; spend (time, money, etc.) foolishly; squander<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeratte viiNaakkaama ozungaa paTi</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't dissipate your time, study properly</font><br> 1) (pookkiyiTu) 4 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (verayam paNNu) 3 tr<br> 3) (sedaraTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dissociate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarpe aru)</font> 6 tr <br> sever an association with s.o. or s.t.;<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He used to be a supporter of the LTTE, but now he's dissociated himself from it</font><br> 1) (velakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (piri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dissolve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kare)</font> 2b intr <br> melt (as suger in water); disintegrate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>peeppar taNNiyile kareyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Will paper dissolve in water?</font><br> 1) (uruha seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> 2) (kalenjuTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (uruha seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> separate; disjoin; disunite; dismiss; disperse; terminate (as an organization)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Americans decided to "dissolve their union" with Britain in 1776</font><br> 1) (kale) 6b tr<br> 2) (kaleccuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dissuade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 6b tr <br> convince s.o. not to go ahead with s.t. or to change o's mind, opinion, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>seetu priyaavooTa manase kaleccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sethu managed to dissuade Priya</font><br> 1) (manase maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tolevaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be far off or remote; be at a distance<br> <br> <font size=+1>bass{\d t}aan{\d d}u ingeerundu tolevaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The bus station is distant from here</font><br> 1) (duuramaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(velahiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be at a distance; be aloof; be apart or separate; be cool towards s.o.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een enkiTTerundu velahiyirukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you acting so distant and aloof from me?</font><br> 1) (duuramaa iru) 7 intr;<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distinguish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taniccirappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> mark as a characteristic; epitomize; typify, identify, specify, indicate, denote, designate, mark, stamp, brand, label. <br> <br> <font size=+1>paTattooTa kuurmeyaana vasanangaLe adooTa taniccirappaakkaNumNu iyakkunaru virumbinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The director wished to distinguish the movie from others by the use of its sharp dialogues</font><br> 1) (veerupaTutti kaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeyaaLam kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> recognize; perceive distinction between; tell one thing from another<br> <br> <font size=+1>moTTe aTiccukiTTadukkappuram raamane aTeyaaLam kaNTupiTikradu kashTamaayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's hard to identify Raman after he got his hair cut so short</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distinguished, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puhazperu @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> become well-known or famous<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa kavidehaLaala puhazperraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He became distinguished through his poems</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooNalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make crooked; spoil the shape of; skew, twist, screw up<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>muunjiye een kooNalaakki peesare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you distorting your facial features as you talk?</font><br> 1) (maaru paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neLi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>neLiyaama oree eTattule okkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't distort you body; sit in one place</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distorted, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neLinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become twisted or bent; become misshapen, out of shape<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiize pooTTadule kambi neLinju pooyiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The wire got distorted when it was laid down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanam tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> call away; divert (the attention of); divert, sidetrack, draw away, disturb, put off.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paaTTu paaTi engaLe vishiyattuleendu gavanam tiruppinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She sang a song and distracted us from the matter at hand.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanatte tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn the attention of; divert the mind or attention of; diflect; call away; create a diversion; sidetrack, draw away, disturb, put off.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii eppaTiyaadu ava gavanatte tiruppu mattade naan paattukareen</font><br> <font size=+1>You distract her somehow, and I will take care of the rest</font><br> 1) (kalakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distraction, drive to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paittiyamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. crazy, angry; maddening, be; annoy, vex<br> !<br> <font size=+1>sonnadeyee tiruppi tiruppi solli enne paittiyamaakkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't drive me to distraction by repeating the same thing over and over again!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urukku)</font> 3 tr <br> be distressful or disturbing; affect s.o. greatly, esp. mentally or emotionally; cause anguish/suffering, pain, upset, make miserable/wretched, grieve, sadden, trouble, worry, bother, arouse anxiety<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu naTanda soohamaana kaacci enne romba urukkicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The sorrowful scene that took place yesterday distressed me very much</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (kalakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urukku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>indumadiyooTa kade enne appaTiyee urukkiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>Indumathi's story made me so distressed, I couldn't eat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakku)</font> 3 tr <br> disturb, as the mind; cause distress, pain, etc., as to the mind<br> <font size=+1>It really distressed me to hear him say those things</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distressed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavaleppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be worried, upset, aggrieved<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippa irukkra ennooTa kuTumba poruLaadaara nelemeye kuricci naan romba gavaleppaTreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm very distressed about my family's current financial position</font><br> 1) (tunbappaTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (padepade) 6 intr<br> 3) (varundu) 3 intr<br> 4) (kalangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distressed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tunbappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be troubled, afflicted, be suffering<br> <br> <font size=+1>en sneeydan kuTumba vaazkkeyle rombavum tunbappaTuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>my friend is distressed by a lot of problems in his family life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padepade)</font> 6 intr <br> be deeply anxious, unhappy<br> <br> <font size=+1>toyaramaana seydiye keeTTu anda kuTumbamee padepadeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>the whole family was deeply distressed on hearing the sad news</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(varundu)</font> 3 intr <br> suffer; be filled with pain or sorrow or grief<br> <br> <font size=+1>sacin tannooTa toolviye nenaccu varundinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sachin thought about his loss and was distressed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be agitated; be filled with grief or sorrow<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalangaama dairiyamaa iru ellaam sariyaayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Be brave and don't be distressed, everything will be alright</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tunbappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinnavayasule avan romba tunbappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He suffered a lot during his younger days</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distribute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> spread; scatter; disseminate; diffuse; put s.t. around<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLakkellaam parappi vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Take the lamps and distribute them in as many places as possible</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (pangiiTu seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> give out or away<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNa naaL aNNekki en appaa eezngaLukku ilavasa veeTTi seele vazanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father distributed free dhotis and sarees on his wedding day</font><br> 1) (vazangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pangiTTu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give out, disburse, hand out; divide and give out, separate into paths, direct<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTecca laabatte modalaaLi engakiTTe pangiTTu kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss distributed all the profits he made to us (workers)</font><br> 1) (pahu) 6 tr<br> 2) (kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distribute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pahu)</font> tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>irukkrade pahuttu ellaarukkum kuTu appaTingradu talevarooTa kaTTaLe</font><br> <font size=+1>The leader's order is that I should divide what I have and distribute the same to all</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>vedehaLe parappi naTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must sow the seeds such that they are spread out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distribute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> assign or allot (as work); give out (as shares)<br> <br> <font size=+1>periye veelengradunaale aaLukku oru paaham piriccu kuTukkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to assign parts of this work to each of you since this is a big job</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) tr<br> 3) (piri) 6b tr<br> 4) (pangiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:distribute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: distribute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>en frenTsukku naan inippu kuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I distributed sweets to my friends</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pangiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> divide; allot; give out in shares<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaLukku nuuru ruubaa viidamaa pangiTuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We shall distribute 100 ruppees to each persob</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>parisellaam periya manushar yaaroo oruttar vazangappooraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Some promiment person is going to distribute the prizes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru ameccar anda graamattu makkaLukku oNavu pooTTalangaLe vazanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>A minister distributed food packages to the people of that village.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>distrust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> disbelieve; regard with doubt or suspicion<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ivvaLavu solliyum giitaa nambaama irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Gita distrusts me even after all I said</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sandeehappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> doubt; suspect; have doubts or suspicions about<br> <br> <font size=+1>en viiTTukkaarar enne eppavum sandeehappaTraaruNNu siitaa azudaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sita cried, saying that her husband always distrusts her</font><br> 1) (sandeehi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disturb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakku)</font> 3 tr <br> perturb; disconcert; annoy, bother; throw into disorder; disarrange; interrupt the quiet, etc.; cause trouble or annoyance; molest<br> <br> <font size=+1>parave kuuTTatte kalekkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't disturb the birds</font><br> 1) (adircci uuTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (kale) 6b tr<br> 3) (tolle kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disturb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adircciyuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> m to syn<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avaru nooyaale kashTapaTTukiTTu irukkaaru. adanaale avarukiTTe adircciyuuTTura vishayam edeyum sollaade</font><br> <font size=+1>As he is quite sick, it would be good not to tell him any disturbing news</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:disturb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava nimmadiye kalekkaama ingeerundu pooyiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Go away from here without disturbing her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disturb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tolle kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> interrupt; interfere with; trouble; vex; disrupt<br> <br> <font size=+1>inimee avan unakku tolle koTutta kaavaltorela puhaar kuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>If he disturbs you again, complain to the police</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disturbed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozambu)</font> 3 intr <br> be confused or agitated; be perplexed<br> <br> <font size=+1>moohan kozambippooy nikkarade paakka veeTikkeyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's funny to see Mohan appearing to be confused</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be agitated or stirred up; be ruffled up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kal tuukki erinjadule taNNii kalangiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water was disturbed when I threw the stone</font><br> 1) (kolenju poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>disunite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taniyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> separate; isolate; leave alone<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ammaave taniyaa viTTuTTu en appaa suttuppayaNam pooyiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father left my mother alone and went off travelling</font><br> 1) tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>separate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> withdraw from association; go away from; go separate ways<br> <br> <font size=+1>pettavanga pirinjupooradu kozendaingaLukku nalladilla</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not good for the children if the parents separate</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: disunite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>estranged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become separate or disjoined; part company, go separate ways; be alienated from<br> <br> <font size=+1>tambinga reNTupeerum cinnavayasule pirinjupooyiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The brothers became stranged when they were still young</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>break up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peLavupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become broken, divided, or split; split up; be estranged or alienated<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNNekki naTanda saNTeyle enga naTpu peLavupaTTuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our friendship broke up after the fight we had the other day</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: ditch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaatti ooTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ravi engaLe eemaatti ooTTiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ravi cheated us and then ditched us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dredge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saakkaTe veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dig a ditch for drainage; dig a canal, irrigation ditch, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>saakkaTe veTTara veele nereya naaLaa naTandu varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The work of dredging the ditch will go on for many days</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ditch (s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaziccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cast aside; abandon; give up on s.t.; fire, discharge, get rid of s.o.; renounce, relinquish, dispense with, disclaim, disown, disavow, discard, wash o's hands of; give up, drop, jettison, do away wi<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda aaLe naama inimee nambamuTiyaadu; avane inda veeleyleendu kaziccuTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can't trust this guy anymore; we should ditch him</font><br> 1) (odukki taLLu) 3 tr<br> 2) (eemaatti ooTiyuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kudi)</font> 6b intr <br> plunge or jump (into water, a pool, a river, etc.); submerge o.s.; go under (water)<br> <br> <font size=+1>terame irundaa nadiyile kudiccu niiccalaTiccu kaaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you know how, dive into the river and show how you can swim</font><br> 1) (muzuhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muzuku)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immersed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aazu)</font> 2 intr <br> be engrossed in; busy o.s. deeply with; bury o.s. in s.t.; be submerged, plunge, dip, dunk, duck, sink, douse, be soused, be soaked, be drenched, imbued, saturated<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sindaneyile aazndu pooyirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is deeply immersed in something</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to submerge or sink; submerge, plunge, dip, dunk, duck, sink, douse, souse, soak, drench, imbue, saturate<br> <br> <font size=+1>suraamiin kappale taNNiyile amiztticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The shark sank the boat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dive for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mukkuLiccu eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> bring up by diving, as pearls<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tennindiyaavooTa kaTaloorattule ippavum mukkuLiccu muttu eTukraangaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do they still dive for pearls off the South Indian coast?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>diverge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 2b intr <br> branch off; extend or go off in various directions<br> <br> <font size=+1>kappalellaam virinju veeraveera deseyle pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ships diverged and went in different directions</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>swerve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> deviate; turn away or aside; turn quickly to avoid s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorkappal tiTiirNu enga kappallerundu velahippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The battleship suddenly swerved away from our ship</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>diverge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maarupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> differ; disagree; go off in a different direction<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>yaarukkaavadu maarupaTra karuttu irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Does anybody have a diverging opinion?</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (virindu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>divert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn aside or draw off (to a different course); turn (as o's attention, etc.) in a different direction; shunt; turn away; waylay<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTiye viiTTu pakkam tiruppu</font><br> <font size=+1>Divert the vehicle towards our house</font><br> 1) (dese maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>while away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozudu pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> amuse or detract o.s.; pass, kill time<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>veele seyyaama ippaTi viiNaa pozudu pookkalaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is it right to while away time like this, shirking our duties?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>divert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(dese tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn aside or from a path or course; cause to go in another direction; turn s.t. around<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa peeccaale veTriveel en sindaneye dese tiruppinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Vetrivel diverted my whole way of thinking by his (sharp) speech</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>divide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(reNTaa piri)</font> 6b intr <br> bifurcate; branch into two<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa sotte tanooTa kozandengaLukku reNTaa piriccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The father divided the wealth into two for his children</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> separate into parts; separate from s.o. else; cause to disagree; arrange in separate groups<br> <br> <font size=+1>sotte oTanee piriccu kuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Divide the property and distribute it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pangiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allot or give out in shares; distribute equally; apportionate<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTecca kaabatte modalaaLi nyaayamaa pangiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss divided the profit in a fair manner</font><br> 1) (pangu pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: divide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pangupooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> j <br> <font size=+1>inda jaangiriye paadipaadiyaa pangupooTTukkoonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Divide this jangiri into half and have it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>divide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(reNTu samaamaa kuuraakku)</font> 3 tr <br> divide into two equal parts; bisect; cut in half<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda keekke ammaa reNTusamamaa kuuraakki enga reNTu peerukkum kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother divided the cake in two and gave each of us a piece</font><br> 1) (reNTu kuurukku kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: divide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(reNTu kuurukku kuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa sottuhaLe reNTu kuuraakki engaLukku kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>my father divided his wealth in two and gave it to us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>divide (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pangiiTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> distribute, share<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTaaLinga avangaLukku vanda laabatte saricamamaa tangaLukkuLLe pangupoTTukiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the business partners divided the profit they made in their business equally and in a fair way</font><br> 1) (pangiTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (pahu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: divide (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pangiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinga romba sariyaa pangiTTu koTuttirukkriinga. irundum avanukku tirupti ille</font><br> <font size=+1>you have divided things up very fairly, but he's not satisfied</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: divide up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paku)</font> tr <br> moved to syn<br> , <br> <font size=+1>appaa, sotte muuNaa pahuttu enakkum aNNanukkum tangeccikkum kuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>father, please divide the property into three and give one portion to me, one to my older brother and one to my little sister</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>divulge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> make known; tell; relate; impart, as a secret, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? kaTesiyle, maark taandaan {\d d}iiptroo{\d t}ngra aaLu teriviccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Finally, Mark Felt divulged that he was the secretive person known as "deep throat".</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dizzy (make)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakkamuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stupefy with a narcotic knock out, make/render unconscious, make woozy; make/render insensible, befuddle; (inf.) dope (up), make dopey, loopy <br> <br> <font size=+1>inda marundu enakku mayakkkamuuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This drug is making me dizzy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>do</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poodumaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be sufficient for, serve; do for the time being; be adequate, meet requirements, satisfy demands, answer/meet o's needs, be okay, answer/serve the purpose; (inf.) fit/fill the bill, hit the spot, do f<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>idu ungaLukku poorumaa irukkumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Will this do for you now?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(??seyradu)</font> 3 tr <br> do s.t., carry out a task, do a job; get s.t. done<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman tanne marandu veele seyradule romba keTTikkaararu</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman is very good at what he does, and he doesn't care a bit about what others think.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>do away with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkoziyaccey @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> break (an agreement); repeal; do away with; abrogate; get rid of, put an end to, end, stop, eliminate; terminate, eradicate, destroy, annihilate, stamp out, wipe out, extinguish<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiz marapule sela pazakka vazakkanga vazakkozinji poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>Some Tamil traditional habits and customs have been done away with</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>do o.s. in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNNukoo)</font> 4 tr <br> kill (o.s.); commit suicide; do away with o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nooyooTe koTume taangaame tuukku pooTTu koNNukka paatta aaLe naanga taTuttu niruttiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We stopped the guy who was trying to do himself in by hanging himself with a piece of rope</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>do in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kole seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> kill, murder, assassinate, slay, do away with, do to death, slaughter, butcher, massacre, assassinate, liquidate, wipe out, destroy, erase, eradicate, exterminate, eliminate, dispatch, put to death,<br> <br> <font size=+1>sandana kaTattal viirappan iduvareykkum nuuru kolesenjiruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The notorious sandalwood smuggler Veerappan probably did in at least a hundred people [before being caught]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(narukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cut off or cut short (as hair, tail, etc.); trim<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ellaa kaaykariyeyum narukkiTTiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Have you trimmed all the vegetables?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(kappal turaikkuk koNTucel@(1 tr)@)</font> 3b tr <br> movd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kappal toreyile viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bring into dock; lay up in the dock; put in drydock<br> <br> <font size=+1>sarakke kappal toreyile viTTuTTu vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Dock the cargo ship and then return</font><br> 1) (kappal torekki koNTupoo @Nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> join with; bring together<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>reNTu [...] [space pilots] eNeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The space pilots managed to dock the space ship at the space station</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>doctor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaiddiyam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> give medical treatment to; act as a doctor to<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda {\d d}aak{\d t}ar nallaa vaiddiyam senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He did good doctoring</font><br> 1) (marundu kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: doctor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marundu koTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan marundu koTuttaa guNamaahaama poohaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The medicine I give is always effective</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>doctor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalappaTam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> adulterate; mix or fix s.t. by addition of unplanned elements<br> <br> <font size=+1>arisiyile kalle kalandu anda kaTekkaarar kalappaTam seyyaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That shop owner is doctoring the rice by mixing stones in it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> falsify or hamper with (accounts, a record, a document, etc.); cook the books; revise or alter s.t. in order to improve<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He doctored the reports to make it look like he had done good work</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (maruttuvam seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>document</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattira aadaaram kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show documentary evidence; prove by documents<br> <br> <font size=+1>kole vazakkule pattira aadaaram kaaTTiyaahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to document the evidence in a murder case</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dodder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> move or talk in a shaky way (as from old age or weakness)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??avan summaa taTumaarikkiTTe irukkaan, veere oNNum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a doddering old fool</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaari naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk in a shaky way; totter, stagger<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTiboodeyile dore taTumaari naTakkaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Dorai is staggering and doddering, because he's drunk</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dodge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTikkazi)</font> 6b tr <br> evade (as a question, an issue, a job of work); avoid difficulties<br> <br> <font size=+1>en vaaddiyaaru kashTamaana keeLviyellaam taTTikkazicciTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My teacher dodges tough questions</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>doff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> take off (as clothes)<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNiyellaam kazaTTi nadiyle kuLi</font><br> <font size=+1>Doff your clothes and bathe in the river</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ahattu)</font> 3 tr <br> take off (as a hat); get rid of; remove<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as I get home I doff my tie and coat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dog</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pintoTar)</font> 2 tr <br> follow; track; shadow; pursue relentlessly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??aarambattulerundu daan kashTamum tondaravum inda tiTTatte pintoTandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Problems have dogged this project from the beginning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dole (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kanjattanamaa kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give out in a miserly way or sparingly; give out in dribs and drabs<br> <br> <font size=+1>selviyooTa maamiyaar avaLukku paNatte kanjattanamaa kuTukkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Selvi's mother-in-law is verey stingy with the money she doles out</font><br> 1) (tuLituLiyaa kuTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (konjakonjamaa kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dole (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(konjakonjamaa kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe paNatte oreeTiyaa kuTukkaama konjakkonjamaa kuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't give him the money all at once, dole it out little by little</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>domesticate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(??kuTumbappattu uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> instil love for the household into (s.o.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>??muttukku kuTumbappattu uNTaakkradu romba avasiyam</font><br> <font size=+1>Muthu needs to be domesticated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakku)</font> 3 tr <br> tame; train; break (in)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaTTu kudireye naaTTukudireyaa pazakkradu avvaLavu sulabamille</font><br> <font size=+1>It is not easy to domesticate a wild horse</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dominate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadikkam seluttu)</font> tr <br> have influence or authority over; rule; control; govern<br> <br> <font size=+1>goopaalan tannooTa veeleyaaLunga meele aadikkam seluttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Gopalan dominated his servants</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oongi nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> tower above; have a dominant or elevated position over; rule<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiya ani ellaa pooTTiyellaatteyum oongi niNNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Indian team dominated all the events</font><br> 1) (osand-oongu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>domineer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuruuramaa naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> tyrannize; bully; behave in a cruel manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava maamiyaar avakiTTe romba kuruuramaa naTandukkuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Her mother-in-law is very domineering and bullies her constantly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>donate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poduvoTeme aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> give property to public causes; give to the community<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTe sotteyellaam en taattaa samudaayattukku poduvoTeme aakkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather donated all his property to the community</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nankoTe kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make a donation in the form of money; support monetarily<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyilukku naan nankoTe kuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I donated money to the temple</font><br> 1) (vazangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ~(~ ~)~ </B> <font size=+1>((vaarivaari) kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give; present; contribute<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar eezengaLukku vaarivaari kuTuppaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He donates a lot to the poor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: donate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nankoTe kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give a donation or gift to; (Brit.: gift)<br> ?? ?? <br> <font size=+1>??avar ?? taTuppukkaaha nereya nankoTe kuTuttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He donated an awful lots of money for AIDS prevention</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>done in (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu pooTTa maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be exhausted; be tired or wiped out; be done with, be finished, over with<br> <br> <font size=+1>ayaraama veele senjadula yaaro enne aTiccuppooTTamaadiri irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I am done in after working tirelessly</font><br> 1) (oonjipooyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: done with, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oonjipooyiTu)</font> 3b intr <br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalelerundu paTicci paTicci naan romba oonjipooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>After studying the whole day, I am done with</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>done, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be performed, made or completed<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>veele een innum aahale?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is the work not yet done?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>done, get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seyya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to be done; arrange; force or get s.o. to do st.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTaayappaTutti avane inda veeleye seyyavacceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got him to do this work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>doomed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozinjiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be destined to misfortune or adversity; be ill-fated; be headed for disaster<br> !<br> <font size=+1>buuhambam vanduTTaa naama ellaarum ozinjiTuvoom!</font><br> <font size=+1>If an earthquake occurs, we'll all be doomed!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dose o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marundu saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> take medicine<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeram tavaraama denamum niinga marundu saappiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must dose yourself with the medicine on a daily basis</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marundu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give a dose of medicine to; prescribe medication<br> <br> <font size=+1>{\d d}aak{\d t}ar kaaccalukku enakku marundu kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor dosed me up with medicine for my fever</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLLiyiTu)</font> 6b tr <br> make a dot or dots; mark with dots in writing, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>puLLiyiTaama ezuda kattukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Learn to write without making dots</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dote (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piriyamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be excessively fond of; bestow excessive love upon; be totally oriented to another person: be crazy over; be blindly in love with<br> <br> <font size=+1>seetu ava meele piriyamaa irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Sethu dotes on her</font><br> 1) (pittaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dote (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pittaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamu selvi meela pittaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Rami is crazy over Selvi</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fold (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bend back or double over (as a folding-chair, an arm or leg, a sheet of metal, a fist)<br> <br> <font size=+1>naarkaaliye maTakki vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Fold up the chair</font><br> 1) (maTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>double</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(reTTe veeshattule naTi)</font> 6b tr <br> assume two roles, act two parts (in a film, a play, etc.)<br> j <br> <font size=+1>sivaaji reTTe veeshattule naTicca oru paTattooTa peeru sollu paappoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Name a movie in which Sivaji doubled</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(reTTippaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make double in size or amount; make twice as much<br> <br> <font size=+1>pangu sandeyle paNatte pooTTaa reTTippaakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You could double your money in the stock market</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(reNTu maTangaahu)</font> 3 tr <br> make twice as much; add an equal amount to<br> <br> <font size=+1>denam oTalpayirci senju en balam reNTu maTangaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My strength doubled after exercising daily</font><br> 1) (eraTTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: double</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTeye reNTaa maTiccu uLLe vey</font><br> <font size=+1>Fold the shirt twice and keep it inside</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(reTTippaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda paNatte reTTippaakka edaavadu vazi irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is there some way to double your money?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>double back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> go at first forward, then turn back; retrace o's steps<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We can fool them if we go down this street, then quickly double back in the next block</font><br> 1) (vanda vaziyee tirumpu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: double cross</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa uyirnanbanee avane moosam senjiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>His best friend double crossed him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>double cross</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> betray; be unfaithful; act deceitfully or treacherously towards<br> <br> <font size=+1>viirappanooTa kuuTTaaLinga avane kaaTTi kuTuttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Veerappan's accomplices double crossed him</font><br> 1) (moosam seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>double over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> fold up or bend (with pain, fever, etc.); be in a fetal position<br> <br> <font size=+1>hari valiyle muTungi keTakkaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Hari is lying there, doubled over in pain</font><br> 1) (suruNTupoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: double up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruNTupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan aTicca aTila avan suruNTipooy vizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He doubled over when I hit him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>doubt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambaamaliru)</font> 7 intr <br> be disbelieving, unconvinced, dubious, or doubtful; fail to believe s.t.; be suspicious of, harbor suspicions about, suspect, distrust, mistrust, lack confidence in, have misgivings about, feel uneasy<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??[cold fusion] kaNTupiTiccaanNNu solraan; aanaa naan nambaama irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>He claims to have discovered cold fusion, but I doubt it</font><br> 1) (sandeehappaTu) 4 int<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: doubt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandeehappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavangaLe teeveyillaama sandeehappaTakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You must not doubt others without reason</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>doubts, have</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(namba tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> hesitate to believe or trust; be slow to believe s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalaaLi enne namba tayanguraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss has doubts about me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:doubt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nampaamaliru)</font> 7 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>doubtful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandeehi)</font> 6b tr <br> feel doubtful about; be uncertain about; have questions about<br> <br> <font size=+1>seeran sandeehappaTra maadiri ava naTandukkakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>She shouldn't act in such a way that makes Cheran doubtful about her</font><br> 1)j (jayattukku eTam aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niccayam illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be uncertain or undecided<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele keTekkradu niccayamillaama irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's doubtful whether I will get a job.</font><br> 1)j (jaya-paTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>douse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNNi teLiccu aNe)</font> 6b tr <br> put out a fire; extinguish; quench; snuff out<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiyaNeppu paTekkaaranga tiiye taNNi teLiccu aNeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The firefighters doused the fire with water</font><br> 1) (aNe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mukku)</font> 3 tr <br> throw water over; plunge into or immerse in water.<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTeye taNNiyile mukki eTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Douse the shirt in the water</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drench</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nane)</font> 6b tr <br> make wet<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazeyle naanga nanenjiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We got drenched in the rain</font><br> 1) (aNe) 6b tr<br> 2) (teLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: douse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLi)</font> 6b tr <br> splash; throw water over<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTuvaasale taNNii teLiccu suttam seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We must clean the entrance of the house by splashing water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe)</font> 6b tr <br> put out or extinguish (a light)<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLakke aNecciTTu tuunga poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Douse the lamp and go to sleep</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooyi)</font> 6b intr <br> be immersed in water or a liquid; be soaking wet<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa poTaveyum iNNikkee tooykkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I cannot soak all the sarees today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dovetail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> join or fit together correctly or neatly<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? inda vaadam aTutta vaadattukku sariyaa eNekkadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This argument dovetails very nicely with the next one.</font><br> 1) (kaccidamaa poruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dovetail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaccidamaa poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>paTatte sovarla kaccidamaa poruttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must fit the picture correctly in the wall</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dovetail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> be attached or fit firmly together; go hand in glove<br> - <br> <font size=+1>saram nalla porundi irukkudu; unnaale eNeppe paakkave muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The wood is nicely dovetailed--you can hardly see the joint</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dower</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siirvarise seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> not a modern verb<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ponnooTa kalyaaNattukku nariya siirvarise seyyappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to provide a lot of dowry for my daughter's marriage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varadakshaNe kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> not a verb in english<br> <br> <font size=+1>varadakshaNe kuTukradum vaangradum tappu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is improper to give or take dowry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiize taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to fall; knock or throw down; bring down, tackle<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelan tiTiirNu enne kiize taLLiviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Velan suddenly downed me</font><br> 1) (viizttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>down with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oziha)</font> ( idiom. expr.) <br> Down with X!<br> j <br> <font size=+1>arasooTa araajaham ozihaNNu yaaroo kuuccal pooTraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People are shouting slogans like 'Down with the government's arrogance!"</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>bring down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to fall; knock down; undermine, defeat<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorle amerikkaa iiraakke viiztticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>America brought down Iraq in the war</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>downcast, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham tonga seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be depressed; be sad, saddened, unhappy, gloomy, blue, glum, dejected, downhearted, cast down, down, crestfallen, despondent, dispirited, low, low in spirits, low-spirited, melancholy, disheartened;<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avane ippaTi moham tonga seyya avankiTTe enna sonne?</font><br> <font size=+1>What did you tell him to make him so downcast?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>downgrade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> lower, as in rank, significance, status, grade, etc.; demote, reduce in rank, remove from office, degrade, humble, debase; (inf.) take down a peg or two; make worse; lower in value, esteem, quality, e<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappu senjaangradukkaaha avane taaztti peesaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Do not downgrade him just because he made a mistake</font><br> 1) (moosamaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: downgrade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?</font><br> <font size=+1>They have downgraded the quality of the environment, all the while crowing about what wonderful things they've done</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>downplay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koreccu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> represent s.t. as less serious; de-emphasize, excuse, mitigate, palliate, make allowances/excuses for, defend, vindicate, justify; diminish, lessen, extenuate, moderate, dismiss (an idea, etc.) scornf<br> <br> <font size=+1>nashTatte koreccu kaaTTi avar nammaLe eemaattiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He cheated us by downplaying the losses, and representing them as less serious.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: downplay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koreccu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nashTatte koreccu kaaTTi avar nammaLe eemaattiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He cheated us by downplaying the losses, and representing them as less serious.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>doze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are tuukkattule iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be half asleep; sleep lightly; be drowsy<br> <br> <font size=+1>adikaalengradunaale avan innum are tuukkattule irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it is early in the morning, he is still dozing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>doze away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuungivazi)</font> 2b intr <br> be drowsy; pass (time) in drowsiness<br> !<br> <font size=+1>paLLikkuuTattule tuungivaziyaama surusuruppaa iru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't doze away the school day; be more active!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>doze off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuungiviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> fall asleep; fall into a light sleep unintentionally<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne ariyaamale naan bassule tuungiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I dozed off in the bus without realizing it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draft</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> take s.o. into an army, a sports team, etc. against their will; recruit s.o. for public office who has not sought it;<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The party convention tried to draft him, but he said he didn't seek the presidency</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> write down; note down; write an outline of s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??naan oru kaTidatte kurippeTutteen; veeNumNNaa niinga kaiyezuttu pooTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>I have drafted a letter which I want you to sign</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be drawn or pulled along; be prolonged; be tedious (as a play)<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTam muTiyaama izupaTudee</font><br> <font size=+1>The movie is dragging and shows no sign of ending</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (izuttu poo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 7 tr <br> pull, pull along; yank<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayatte balamaa izu</font><br> <font size=+1>Drag harder on the rope</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> search for s.t. (in a place); look high and low<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? nadiye naaL puuzaa teeTikkiTTirundaanga, aanaa oNNum paakkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>They dragged the river all day, but didn't find anything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drag (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttukkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> protract; cause (as a play, a speech, etc.) to move slowly or heavily; prolong, extend tediously<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda maadiri izuttukkiTTu poohaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't drag things out this way!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pintangu)</font> 3 intr <br> lag behind; be last in rank<br> <br> <font size=+1>olimpik veLeyaaTTu pooTTule indiyaa pintangiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>India is dragging behind in the Olympic games</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drag in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bring in (as an irrelevant matter)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you have to drag that subject in here? We're talking about something else!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become empty or dry as a result of draining<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze penja konja neerattuliyee rooTTulerundu taNNi vaTinjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water drained from the road within a few hours after it rained</font><br> 1) (paruhu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> drink all at once, gulp down, empty in one gulp<br> !<br> <font size=+1>TambLar oreeTiyaa kuTikkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't drain the glass all at once!</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (kaali paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTicceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> draw off (liquid) gradually; remove by filtration<br> <br> <font size=+1>Tiilerundu eleyeyellaam meduvaa vaTicceTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Drain the tea leaves slowly from the tea</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTikaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> draw off (liquid) by filtration<br> <br> <font size=+1>paanahatte vaTikaTTaama appaTiyee kuTi</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't drain the paanagam through a filter, drink it directly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 2b intr <br> flow off gradually<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyal aTiccadukkappuram taNNii meduvaa vaTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water drained slowly after the storm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exhaust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soraNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> deprive s.o. of property, resources or strength; make poor or weak; exploit, drain off<br> <br> <font size=+1>irunda ellaa paNatteyum baalu soraNTi eTuttuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Balu exhausted all the money we had</font><br> 1) (vaTiccuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTicciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drain off completely, as a lake, a petrol tank, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuurelerundu teengiyirukkara taNNiye vaTicciTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Drain the water which is stagnating on the roof.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dramatize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTahamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> put into the form of a drama; represent vividly or express dramatically<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kadeye naaTahamaakkradu kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>That novel would be a tough one to dramatize</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> cover s.t. with a length of cloth; cover loosely with cloth<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri kuLundaa kambaLi poottikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Drape a blanket (over yourself) if it gets cold during the night</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: draw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sittari)</font> 6b tr <br> sketch; delineate; depict<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avar mayile evvaLavu azahaa sittariccirukkaaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>What a beautiful picture of a peacock he has drawn!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> obtain water from a source, such as a tap, a pipe, well, etc.; pull toward o.s., drag; drain; lift, bail out; pull up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozaaylerundu taNNi piTicciTTu vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Go draw some water from the tap.</font><br> 1) (izu) 6 tr<br> 2) (ere) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 7 tr <br> cause to move by pulling or dragging; pull, drag; attract (as a large crowd or audience); inhale; stretch (as a piece of elastic); bend (as a bow by pulling out the arrow); get water from a well<br> <br> <font size=+1>muucce izuttu viTungaNNu {\d d}aakT{\d t}ar sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor asked me to draw a deep breath</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kooTupooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> trace a line, make a mark<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande tareyile kooTupooTTu veLeyaaTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child drew lines on the floor and played</font><br> 1) (kooTu kizi) 6b tr<br> 2) tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vare)</font> 2b tr <br> mark or trace (as a perpendicular line); sketch (as a face, a chair, etc.); compose (as a picture)<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTam vareyradu oru kale</font><br> <font size=+1>To be able to draw pictures well is an art</font><br> 1) (sittari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: draw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 7 tr <br> moved to syn<br> . <br> <font size=+1>eranuuru aTi aazamaana keNattulerundu avanga denamum taNNi izukkraanga. paavamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's really a shame--they have to draw water from a well two hundred feet deep.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ere)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kenattulerundu taNNi ereccikiTTu vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Draw water from the well and bring it (here)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw (lots)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiTTu kulukkiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> draw lots; decide by drawing lots or straws<br> <br> <font size=+1>siiTTu kulukkiyeTuttu veTri pettavare niccayam seyvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We will draw lots and decide the winner</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: draw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamar ville vaLeccu siiteye kalyaaNam senjukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Rama bent the bow and married Sita</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw (towards o.s.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavar)</font> 2 tr <br> attract or bring toward o.s. by attraction (as a large audience, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa peeccutterameyaale avar makkaLe kavandaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He was able to draw crowds by means of his oratorical skills</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw (salary)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> get, obtain or receive (as a salary, wages, etc.)<br> b ?<br> <font size=+1>onga sambaLam eppa vaanguriinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>When do you draw your monthly paycheck?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> write; write out and conclude (as a contract, a deal, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTuppattaratte ezudinadukkappuram kuTiyeeralaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can move into the house after drawing up the contract</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw ahead</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundu)</font> 3 tr <br> pass by or overtake; catch up with and pass while travelling in the same direction; go or get past, go by, overhaul, leave behind, advance before, outdistance, outstrip, go faster than; (inf.) leave i<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudire basse mundikiTTu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The horse drew ahead of the bus and overtook it</font><br> 1) (munnaale pooyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: draw ahead</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaale pooyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>seedu ellaareyum mundiTTu munnaale pooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sethu drew ahead of [the competition] and overtook them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pin vaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> go or move back; hesitate; go back upon o's word; retreat, withdraw; yield<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan mun vecca kaale pin vaanga maaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I never draw back once I get ahead</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw blood</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rattam eTu)</font> 6 intr <br> take blood from; take a blood sample, as for tests, etc.; wound slightly<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaspattriyle {\d d}aak{\d t}ar avan kailerundu rattam eTuttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>In the hospital, the doctor drew some blood from his arm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ekku)</font> 3 tr <br> contract or pull in the muscles of the abdomen<br> <br> <font size=+1>poNNu paakkumboodu toppe teriyaama vayitte ekkikiTTu okkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When you go to visit a prospective bride, be sure to draw in your stomach so that your belly doesn't show.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to move in; pull in; inhale<br> <br> <font size=+1>muucce nallaa izuttukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Draw your breath in deeply</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw o.s. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nimindu nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> get into an erect or upright position; sit or stand up straight<br> <br> <font size=+1>konjamkuuTa saayaama nimindu nillu</font><br> <font size=+1>Draw yourself up straight, and don't slouch so much!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw on s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> employ as a resource; make use of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The internet is a resource that anyone can draw on</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvu)</font> 3 tr <br> pull out, bring out, or remove (as a sword); show, brandish<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan kattiye uruvina uTane ellaarum bayandu ooTiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody ran away in fear when the thief drew out his knife</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> take out, withdraw (all the money from an account); close out (an account)<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda baanklerundu naan ellaa paNatteyum eTuttuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have drawn out all my money from that bank</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw s.o. out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLaru)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. talk or confide; gain s.o.'s confidence; cause to come out; elicit; bring out<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava romba keLandadunaale naan uNmeye solliTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>She drew me out and I ended up telling the truth</font><br> 1) (varavaze) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiLu)</font> 1 intr <br> get longer; become tediously long, drag out, on; plod along<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTaham niiNTukiTTee poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The play is drawing out without ending</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw s.o. aside</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orupakkamaa izuttuTTuppoo)</font> 3b tr <br> steer or cause s.o. to move to one side; waylay s.o.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??[... ] avane orupakkamaa izuttuTTupooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I drew him aside and asked him if he would serve on the committee</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: draw s.o. out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varavazi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to draw Lila out and see if you can gain her confidence</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draw s.t. aside</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to move to one side; part; pull aside or apart<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When they drew the curtains aside, we could see the portrait that had been hidden</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dread</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayappaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fear; feel afraid of; be unwilling to experience<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTattule bayappaTaramaadiri kaaTcinga oNNumille</font><br> <font size=+1>There are no scenes in this movie you'll dread seeing</font><br> 1) (acca-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dreadful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayangaramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>sirutte paakkavee bayangramaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The leopard is absolutely dreadful to look at</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dreadful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tihiluuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> be causing great terror or dread<br> <br> <font size=+1>iraakke patti tihiluuTTara seydi veLivarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>There is dreadful news coming out about Iraq</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(bayangramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be frightening or alarming; be awfful, horrible or revolting; be terrible, unpleasant or disagreeable; be ugly; be awfully bad; be fearsome<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>anda kaacci bayangramaa irundiccu; ennaal ade vevarikka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The scene was absolutely dreadful; I can't describe it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dream (of/about)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaNu)</font> 5 tr <br> see or behold in a dream; be in a reverie about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaadaliye naan kaNavule eppavum paappeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I always dream about my girl friend</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dream of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kanavule kuuTa nene)</font> 6b tr <br> think of s.t. or s.o. even in dreams; conceive of s.t. in a remote way (usu. in the negative); occur to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku drooham seyya naan kanavule kuuTa nenaccadille</font><br> <font size=+1>I haven't even dreamt of betraying you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dream on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kanavu kaNTukiTTee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> go on dreaming; ignore reality; live in a dream world<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kanavu kaNTuTTee irundaa adu baliccuTumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>You can go on dreaming about things, but will they ever become reality?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dream up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karpane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> imagine; conceive of an idea or plan in the imagination; devise (as a method, an invention); fantasize about<br> ?? ?<br> <font size=+1>anda payttyamaana nookke yaaru karpane senjaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who dreamed up that crazy idea?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dredge up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLaru)</font> 3 tr <br> stir up, poke, uproot, dig up; open old wounds; rehearse old grudges<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazase patti keLaraama irukkradu naama reNTu peerukkum nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It would be better if the two of us refrained from dredging up old grievances</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drench</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nane)</font> 6b tr <br> make thoroughly wet or soaked<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The saree got drenched so it needs to be hung out to dry</font><br> 1) (aNe) 6b tr<br> 2) (teLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drenched, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nanenjiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be or get thoroughly wet or soaked<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan mazeyle nanenjiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got drenched in the rain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put a dressing on (a wound); bandage, bind up<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTipaTTa eTattule kaTTuppooTradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's good to dress the wound</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandekki oTeye pooTTuviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Dress the child</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTuuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put or help to put clothing on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayle kaTTu pooTrukkradunaale enakku yaaraavadu saTTe pooTTuuTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Since my hand is bandaged, someone has to dress me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> clothe o.s.; put on o's clothes; attire o.s. in a particular way<br> <br> <font size=+1>seele uTuttikiTTu kalyaaNattukku vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>When you attend the wedding, dress in a sari</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (uTuttukkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(siiviviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of hair:) comb out; do up ; have done; fix<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan raamuvooTa muTiye siiviviTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I dressed Ramu's hair</font><br> 1) (uTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put (a shirt, a pair of trousers, a dress, a blouse) upon o.s.; be wearing s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>pudu oTe pooTTuTTu enge pooree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where are you going all dressed up?</font><br> 1) (vaariyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dress down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> reprimand; scold severely; rebuke, chide, reproach, reprove, lecture, admonish, berate, upbraid, castigate, take to task, rake/haul over the coals, blame, censure, check; (inf.) give a talking-to; giv<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa enkiTTe neettu romba kaTinjukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father dressed me down severely yesterday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dress up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>({\d d}res paNNu)</font> 2b tr <br> put on o's best clothes; attire o.s. smartly or elegantly<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLikkuuTa vizaakku nalla {\d d}res paNNikiTTu vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Get all dressed up for the school function</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dribble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eccil vazi)</font> 2b intr <br> slobber; allow food or liquid to fall or ooze from the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku eccil vazinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He dribbled at the mouth</font><br> 1) (soTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dribble (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(konjamkonjamaa kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> release in small quantities, as funds, resources, reports, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The government continues to dribble out small amounts of money for a purpose that requires massive investment</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dried, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be or become free of moisture or water (as clothes); be parched (as lips, crops, fields, etc.); be chapped<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLirkaalattule en odaTu olanduTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My lips get all dried out in winter</font><br> 1) (varaNTupoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dried, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varaNTupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>daahattule en toNTe varanNTupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My throat got dry from thirst</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drift</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(modandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go or be carried along by currents of air or water; be carried, be borne; float, bob, waft, meander<br> <br> <font size=+1>taamare nadiyile modandu pooyiTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The lotus drifted away in the river</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ale)</font> 2b intr <br> wander aimlessly; roam about; walk slowly, aimlessly, or casually; flit from one thing to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>en manam ange inge aleyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My mind is wandering, drifting from one thing to another</font><br> 1) (tiri) 2b intr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (medandu-, modandu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>accumulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 2b intr <br> be carried or driven into heaps or piles; be plentiful or numerous<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam evvaLavu kuvinjaalum enakku nimmadi illaama irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how much money accumulates, I have no peace of mind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drift</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poora pookkule poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go or be carried along by currents of air or water; go along with circumstances; wander aimlessly<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en manam poora pookkule pooveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will drift in the direction my mind leads me in</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payirci seyyi@(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do exercises or drills; repeat exercises, patterns until habituated<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooTTikkaaha avan kaTumeyaa payirci senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He drilled hard for the competition</font><br> 1) (payirci aLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toLe pooTu)</font> 4 tr, intr <br> make a hole; bore; pierce or penetrate; puncture, perforate, prick, lance; stab, spike, stick, impale, transfix, bore through, drill through<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>sovarle toLe pooTa eedaavadu karuvi irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you have any tool for drilling holes in the wall?</font><br> 1) (toLe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toLe)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>azuhe sattam en kaade toLeccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The crying sound drilled holes in my ears</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payirci kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give training to s.o.; train or teach s.o. through drills; cause s.o. to learn through drills<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaaru engaLukku nallaa payirci kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher drilled us well</font><br> 1) (toLe iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNNi aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> drink excessively; abuse alcohol, hit the bottle, be a drunkard, a boozer.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avan taNNi aTiccukkiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's been drinking, boozing it up again.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTi)</font> 6b tr, intr <br> take into the mouth and swallow (water, coffee, etc.); tipple; booze<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri paal kuTiccaadaan enakku tuukkam varum</font><br> <font size=+1>I get to sleep at night only if I drink milk</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drink o.s. to death</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiccu saahu)</font> 6c intr (irreg) <br> die of excessive drinking<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan adihamaa saaraayam kuTicciTTu settuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He drank himself to death</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drink one's fill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTittuvayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> tank up on liquids, fill o.s. up with liquids in anticipation of later thirst, etc.; hydrate o.so<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNi kuTiccu veppoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's drink our fill of water</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drink up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drink s.t. completely; swallow completely<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNe muuTiTTu marunde kuTiccuru</font><br> <font size=+1>Just close your eyes and drink up the medicine</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiccuttiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> use up s.t. by drinking all of it; consume a liquid completely<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalpaayasatte konjamum viTaama kuTiccutiittuTTiyee</font><br> <font size=+1>You drank up all the paal paayasam [sweet dessert] without leaving a drop!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soTTu soTTaa vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNii soTTu soTTaa vizudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Water is dripping down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soTTaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> let fall in drops; cause to flow in drops or trickle down<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNiye soTTaviTaama kozaaye nallaa muuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Close the tap tightly and don't let the water drip</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> fall in drips and drops; dribble. trickle; flow (as saliva) at the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuurelerundu taNNii soTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Water is dripping from the roof</font><br> 1) (soTTu soTTaa vizu) 2 intr<br> 2) (tuLituLiyaa vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLituLiyaa vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuzaayilerundu taNNii tuLituLiyaa vizudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Water is dripping from the tap</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seep</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rattam soTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> drip, ooze, issue from a wound, as blood;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vizunda eTattuleendu rattam soTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Blood seeped from the place where he injured himself.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> (3rd person) leak (as a roof); trickle down through a hole or an opening<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozaaylerundu taNNii ozuhudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Water is dripping from the tap</font><br> 1) (ozuhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>un paiyilerundu paal soTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Milk is dripping from your bag</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: trickle (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 2b intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>un kaNNula een niir vaTiyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are there tears trickling from your eyes?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saLivazi)</font> 6b tr <br> let mucous flow from the nose; drivel, sniffle<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLir adihamaa irukkradunaale enakku saLivaziyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's so cold, my nose is dripping non-stop</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuurelerundu mazetaNNii ozuhudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Rain water is dripping from the roof</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> operate a vehicle; cause a vehicle to go; run, propel, operate a machine, activate s.t.; expel or cause to move by force (as a mosquito);<br> <br> <font size=+1>{\d d}raivar basse romba veehamaa ooTTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The driver drove the vehicle very fast</font><br> 1) (usuppu) 3 tr<br> 2) 3 tr<br> 3) (vaNTi ooTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan taan en kaare tenamum ooTTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>As for me, I drive my car on a daily basis</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaNTi ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vaNTiye romba veehamaa ooTTraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He drives the vehicle very fast.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drive away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna senjaalum inda naaye toratta muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I am just not able to drive this dog away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> expel or cause to move by force (as a mosquito); control and guide the movement of (as a car, a cart, any vehicle, a mule, cattle, etc.); steer or pilot; cause to run (as a machine); turn (as a wheel)<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTiye meduvaa ooTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Drive the vehicle slowly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drive (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> expel or cause to move by force (as a mosquito); frighten, chase, or scare away; cause to work or act by force or compulsion; overwork; compel or constrain (s.o. to an action):<br> <br> <font size=+1>kosuve veraTTa kosuvatti suruL vaangivareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will get some mosquito coils to drive away the mosquitoes</font><br> 1) (torattu) 3 tr<br> 2) (torattiTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (veraTTiviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>driven, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puhundooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be rushed; be carried along forcefully (as a ship in a storm); be forced along<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kuuTTattule angeyum ingeyum puhundu ooTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was driven through the crowd</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drive, know</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTatteri)</font> 6 tr 3pn + dat <br> know how to drive (a vehicle) or how to run (machinery)<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne tavira inge yaarukkum vaNTi ooTTa teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Aside from me, nobody here knows how to drive a car</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hammer (as a nail into s.t.); hit or strike (as a ball in a game)<br> <br> <font size=+1>pande maTTeyaale veehamaa aTi</font><br> <font size=+1>Drive the ball hard with the club</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avan naandaan kaare ooTTuveeNNu piTivaadam piTiccaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>He insisted on driving the car himself</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drive at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(enna sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> mean or intend to convey; suggest; attempt to say, get at<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enna solraan?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's he driving at?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drive away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(torattiTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>aarvam illaadavangaLe veelelerundu torattiTTeen </font><br> <font size=+1>I drove away those who were not enthusiastic about the job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>banish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove or drive out (as ignorance, fear, etc.); send away, dispatch; exile, deport, expel, eject, expatriate, cast out, outlaw, transport, oust, evict, throw out, exclude, proscribe, excommunicate <br> <br> <font size=+1>peeye veraTTa saamiyaare kuuTTikkiTTu vandirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have brought along a holy man to banish the ghost</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ostracize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> push or drive out of the way; exclude; shove or push aside; push into a corner or neglect completely<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane veelelerundu ellaarum odukkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone ostracized him and drove him from the job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drive out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veraTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kosuve veraTTiviTa pudu marundu oNNa vaangivandirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have bought a new repellent to drive out mosquitoes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drive s.o. mad, crazy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcaluuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> annoy, irritate; aggravate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippellaam sinimaavule oree maadiriyaana kadeye eTuttu paakka rompa ericcal kuTukkuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>these days the movie directors make the same type of movies with the same kinds of plots and just drive us all crazy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drivel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eccil vaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> let saliva flow from the mouth; dribble, drool at/from the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>eccil vaTiyudu toTeccikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>You are driveling and drooling; wipe your mouth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drizzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuru)</font> 3 intr 3 pn <br> rain lightly and gently; fall in fine drops; rain finely and incessantly<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuural niNNadukkappuram veLiyee pooveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will go outside once it stops drizzling</font><br> 1) (tuurikkiTTeeyiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drizzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuurikkiTTeeyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalelerundu viTaame tuurikkiTTeeyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It has been drizzling non-stop since morning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(riingaaram seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hum or buzz (as bees); reverberate; buzz, whir, vibrate, murmur, purr, whisper, sigh<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeda mandiram ellaam en kaadule innum riingaaram senjikiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Vedic chants are still droning in my ears</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muNumuNu)</font> 6 intr <br> mumble, speak or sing or read out in a dull, monotonous tone; mumble; speak tediously and at length<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enna tanakku taanee muNumuNuttuTrukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you droning on about?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drool</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ecciluuru)</font> 3 intr 3pn + dat <br> water at the mouth (in anticipation of food); show greed, envy, excessive pleasure or desire; show pleasure or desire (in anticipation of s.t. or s.o.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade neneccadum avanukku eccil uuricci</font><br> <font size=+1>The thought made him drool</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>droop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be or become exhausted or low spirited; be discouraged; lose heart or hope; lose courage<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooTTiyile toottadum avan manam taLanduTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After losing the competition, he began to droop and lose heart</font><br> 1) (soondu vizu) 2 intr<br> 2) (manam sooru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sooru)</font> 2 intr <br> sag or fall into a state of physical weakness; be or become tired or low-spirited; be discouraged; faint<br> !<br> <font size=+1>soondupoohaama siikkramaa veeleye muTi!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't get let your spirits droop; finish the job quickly!</font><br> 1) (oTambu sooru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> sag, wilt or hang down (as flowers or plants for lack of water); languish (for s.t. or s.o.); look haggard (of face)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa puuvum vaaTiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the flowers have wilted and drooped</font><br> 1) (soondu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: droop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTambu soor)</font> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oTambu soorndaalum manam soorvaTeyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Though he has become physically tired, he is not disheartened</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manamcoor)</font> 2 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>His enthusiasm for the project began to droop after various setbacks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moham tongiTu)</font> 4 intr 3 pn <br> look downcast or thwarted<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar adaTTinadum kozandeyooTa moham tongiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child's face drooped when he scolded him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>droop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tongu)</font> 3 intr <br> hang or sag or bend down (as a branch, a head, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>marattooTa keLe tongarde paattaa eppo veeNumnaalum vizalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>It appears that the branch which is drooping may fall off anytime</font><br> 1) (tongiyiru) 7 intr<br> 2) (moham tongkiyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: droop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham coor)</font> 2 intr <br> (third person) be droopy, sorrowful, weak<br> , .<br> <font size=+1>ade sonnadum, avanukku moham soondadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>When I said that, his face just drooped.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: droopy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tongiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be sagging or hanging down (as a branch, the head, etc.)<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>un moham een tongiyirukku yaaraavadu unne tiTTinaangaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is your head drooping, did somebody scold you?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizavi)</font> 6b tr <br> make or let s.t. fall or cause to fall vertically;<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTiye vizaviTTaa adu oTenjuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The glass will break if you drop it</font><br> 1) (viza seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall vertically or descend abruptly (as rain, waterfalls, fruits and leaves from a tree, an aircraft); fall down (as prices, temperature); slip or trip down; fall (dead or unconscious); fall out (as t<br> <br> <font size=+1>marattulerundu eleyellaam vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The leaves dropped from the tree</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> let fall or loose accidentally<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattiratte teriyaama kiize pooTTuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I dropped the vessel by mistake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(udiru)</font> 6 tr <br> shake off; cause to fall (as fruits, tears, etc.)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You can get the tree to drop its apples if you shake it</font><br> 1) (vizi vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drop (s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soriya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make s.t. drop or fall; let fall, let go of, lose o's grip on; release, unhand, relinquish. <br> <br> <font size=+1>pande veehamaa soriya senjaa piTikkradu kashtamaayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Dropping the ball fast will make it tough to catch</font><br> 1) (udiru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drop by</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tarceyalaa vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> happen to call in by chance; come by on way to another destination; visit informally and spontaneously<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan rameeshooTa viiTTukku tarceyalaa vandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I just dropped by Ramesh's house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drop by/in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooy paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> call at (a place); call on (a person); visit briefly; visit informally and spontaneously<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkattu viiTTule paal irukkaaNNu pooy paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Drop by the neighbors and see if they have any milk.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drop from/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahu)</font> 3 intr <br> withdraw from; quit s.t.; remove o.s. from consideration; stop taking part; keep away<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pooTTilerundu avan velahappooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's going to drop out of this competition</font><br> 1) (odungikkoo @sh tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drop in (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vandu erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> call in unexpectedly; drop by, drop over<br> <br> <font size=+1>talevar vandu eranginadum arangamee kaitaTTalle adindudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The auditorium shook in applause when the leader happened to drop in on the meeting</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drop off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuungiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> fall asleep (usu. inadvertently); change from a waking to a sleeping state; (inf.) flake out, drift off, nod off, doze off, drowse off; <br> <br> <font size=+1>bussule okkaanduTTee naan tuungiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I dropped off to sleep when I was riding in the bus</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(korenjuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> diminish; become less; go down<br> <br> <font size=+1>veleye eettinadum inda puttahattooTa virpane korenjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sales of this book have dropped off once we raised the price</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drop s.t. off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> deliver s.t. or s.o. en route to somewhere else<br> <br> <font size=+1>TikkeTTe marakkaama avar viiTTule kuTuttuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Drop off the tickets at his place without fail</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drop out (from)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odungikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inimee kaTci kuuTTangaLle naan odungikkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am dropping out of the party's meetings from now on</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drop over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> call in casually or informally; call in without any purpose (cf. drop by, drop in)<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeram irundaa summaa en viiTTukku vaa peesalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If you have time, drop over at my house, we can chat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drown</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> immerse, plunge, sink; overwhelm; cause s.o. to die by forced immersion<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avan enne taNNiyile amutti muuzhaTikkappaattaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to drown mein the water!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(marakkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> get rid of (bad feelings); be rid of the memory of; forget<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa soohatte marakkaTikka kaTumeyaa ozekkaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is working hard to drown his sorrows</font><br> 1) (aazttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muuzhippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be sunk or submerged; die by drowning<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaTalle muuzhippoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He drowned in the ocean</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drowned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuzhiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be immersed; sink; be dead by drowning<br> <br> <font size=+1>puune nadiyile muuzhiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cat drowned in the river</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drowsy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkam vaa)</font> 2c intr 3 pn <br> be or feel sleepy; begin to feel sleep coming on; doze; be sluggish; be dull; be half-asleep<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>enakku tuukkam varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm starting to feel drowsy</font><br> 1) (kaNNu sokku) 3 int<br> 2) (tuungivazi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drowsy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaN sokku)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTiccu paTiccu en kaN sokkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I am drowsy after studying for so long</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drowsy, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuungivazi)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> !<br> <font size=+1>kaaleliyee tuungivaziyaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>You shouldn't be drowsy in the morning!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drub</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLaasi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> beat, thrash, flog soundly; defeat decisively; give s.o. a drubbing<br> <br> <font size=+1>intiyaa paakistaane kirikkeT pooTTiyile veLaasitaLLiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>India drubbed Pakistan in the cricket match</font><br> 1) (mottu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drug</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakka marunde kala)</font> 7 tr <br> mix a stupefying or narcotic drug with (food or drink); dope drink or food; administer a stupefying drug to (s.o.); stupefy, anesthetize<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTattalkaaranga enakku paalle mayakka marunde kalandu kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The kidnappers drugged the milk and gave it to me</font><br> 1) (mayakka marundu kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drug</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakka marundu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan valile kattinadunaale TaakTar avanukku mayakka marundu kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor drugged him because he was screaming with pain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>poison</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vesham kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> administer poison to; poison s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>seetu avaLe vesham kuTuttu kollappaattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sethu tried to poison her and kill her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drum</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaLam pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> knock; beat on a drum<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTTu keeTTukiTTee baahavadar taaLam pooTaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The musician is drumming while listening to the song</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) (taaLam-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tavul vaasi)</font> 6b tr, intr <br> play on the tabla<br> <br> <font size=+1>tavul nallaa vaasikka nariya payirci teeve</font><br> <font size=+1>A lot of practice is required to drum well on the tabla</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drum up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaTupaTTu vaangu)</font> 4 tr <br> summon forces, gather support etc. through vigorous efforts<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan makkaLooTa nambikkeye romba paaTupaTTu vaangineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I spent a lot of energy drumming up people's support</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>drunk, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veriyiliru)</font> 7 intr <br> be intoxicated; be overcome by strong emotion; be besotted, blind drunk; (inf.) be blotto, crocked, cockeyed, fuddled, loaded, pie-eyed, pissed, pixilated, plastered, potty, slopped, sloshed, smashed<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kooba veriyile irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is drunk with rage</font><br> 1) (mayakkattule iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (poodeleyiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: drunk, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poodeyle iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be intoxicated by strong drink or by strong emotion<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTiboodeyile irundadunaale naan eedeedoo oLariTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was drunk, so I tended to blabber a lot of nonsense</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayi)</font> 2b intr <br> become dry; shine brightly (of moon and sun); dry out<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNimaNi tooTTattule kaayudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The clothes are drying, out in the garden.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTe)</font> 6b tr <br> make dry with a cloth, towel, or sponge; wipe clean (as o's tears, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga varradukku munnaaTi tareye nallaa toTe</font><br> <font size=+1>Dry the floor well before those people arrive</font><br> 1) (tooTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dry out/up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olattu)</font> 3 tr <br> make dry (as wet clothes in the sun or air); put out to dry; cause to dry, parch, scorch, dehydrate, desiccate, dehumidify, sear<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNimaNiyellaam veyyille olattu</font><br> <font size=+1>Dry the clothes in the sun</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayappooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaayappooTTa moLahaaye kaakkaa tuukkikkiTTu pooyiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The crow carried away the chillies I had put out to dry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dry up/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> grow dry; dry up; wither, become withered, fade away<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>en karuppu saTTe olandiTuccaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Has my black shirt dried out?</font><br> 1) (kaanjuTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (tovaLu) 1 intr<br> 3) (vadangu) 3 intr<br> 4) (vaaTu) 3 intr<br> 5) (kaanjupoo) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaanjiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyilla elehaLellaam kaanjiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The leaves have dried in the heat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tovaLu)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vadangu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan veyyille vaaTi vadangiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>After being in the sun, I got all dry and leathery</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vadakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make dry; scorch, parch, dehydrate (as vegetables)<br> <br> <font size=+1>vengaayatte vadakkinadukkappuram saambaarle pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>After you dry the onions, put them in the sambar</font><br> 1) (pohe uudu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evaporate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vattu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow dry; dry up; have nothing more to say<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze peyyaadadunaale nadiyellaam vattiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rivers have dried up and evaporated because there's been no rain</font><br> 1) (vaTi) 2 intr<br> 2) (vattiTu) 4 intr<br> 3) (vattiTu) 4 int<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu puutta puuvellaam inniki vaaTiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Today the flowers that blossomed yesterday have already dried up and withered away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNTaale taleye tooTTikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Dry your hair using the towel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dry up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga uuru eeriyle maze taNNi rompa vaTinji poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain water in our village tank had completely dried up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vattiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze illaadadunaale enga nelam vattiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our land has dried up since there has been no rain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vattiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>keNaru muzusaa vattiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The well has completely dried up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dry up/ouy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olattu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNihaLe toveccadukkappuram veyille olatti viTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Dry out the clothes in the sun after washing them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dry, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaanjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyille seele oTanee kaanjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The saree became dry immediately because of the heat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dry, go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vattu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooTe kaalattule inda keNaru taNNi illaame romba vatti poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This well goes completely dry during the hot season</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dry, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaanjuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become dried out, dessicated, hard<br> <br> <font size=+1>maambazam suuTTule kaanjuppooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mango dried out in the heat and became completely dessicated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dry, put to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaya pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNihaLe kaayappooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Put the clothes out to dry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dub</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give a title, nickname, or the like to; give an unofficial name or nickname to; rename<br> <br> <font size=+1>viveekku cinna kalaivaanarNu sinimaa olahattule paTTam kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Vivek was dubbed 'chinna kalaivaanar' in the cinema world</font><br> 1) (ponepeeru kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piNNaNi iseye eNe)</font> tr <br> add (musical background) to a play, movie, etc.; provide (a film) with a soundtrack in a different language from the original<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTam piTiccumuTiccadukkappuram piNNaNi iseye eNekkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can dub the background music after we finish shooting the movie</font><br> 1) (veere moziyile olippadivu seyyi@(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dub</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(punaippeyar kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vizaale vairamuttukku oru puduu punaippeyar kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They dubbed Vairamuthu with a new nickname during the festival</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veere moziyile olippadivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTatte veere moziyile olippadivu seyyalaamee</font><br> <font size=+1>We can dub this movie in other languages also</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>duck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTuNNu kuni)</font> 6b tr <br> stoop or bend suddenly (esp. in order to evade or avoid a blow etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamu enne aTikkavandadum naan saTTuNNu kuninjiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I ducked when Ramu came at me to hit me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dunk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amuttiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> plunge or dip in liquid; push under water<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people like to dunk their doughnuts in their coffee</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>due to, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be the reason for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sariyaana tuukkam illaadadu avan ericcalukku kaaraNamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His irritation is due to lack of proper sleep</font><br> 1)( - ) ((adu-daan) kaaraNam) ( idiom)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>due, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varaveeNTiyiru)</font> 7 intr 3 pn <br> be owed (as an amount)<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasukiTTerundu enakku paNam varaveeNTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I have money due me by the Government</font><br> 1) (kuTukka veeNTiyadiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: due, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTukka veeNTiyadiru)</font> 7 intr 3 pn <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalaaLikki aayiram ruubaa tiruppi kuTukka veeNTiyadirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I have 1000 rupees due to be paid to my boss</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dull</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuurkeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> ruin the sharpness of; blunt; take the edge off, lessen, decrease, diminish, reduce, deaden, mute, tone down, allay, ease, soothe, assuage, alleviate, palliate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa kattiye kuurkeTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She dulled the knife by cutting paper with it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mangavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make dull (as mind, perceptions and sensibilities); cause to fade (as color); deaden, mute, tone down; be or make uninteresting, boring, tedious, monotonous, unrelieved, unvaried, unimaginative, unev<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The visiting scholar gave a mind-dulling lecture that put us all to sleep</font><br> 1) (mazunga paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dull, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mandamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be stupid; be slow or sluggish (of a person or trade); be slow-witted, unintelligent, dense, doltish, stolid, vacuous; (inf.) be dim, dim-witted, thick, dumb, or birdbrained<br> <br> <font size=+1>eLam vayasule ippaTi mandamaa irukkiyee</font><br> <font size=+1>You are so young, and already so dull</font><br> 1) (makkaa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dull, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(makkaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi makkaa irundaa yaarum veele kuTukkamaaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody will give you work if you are so dull</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dull, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazungiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be blunt (as of a knife)<br> <br> <font size=+1>katti romba mazungiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The knife is very dull</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dull, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>un kaNNu een mangiyirukku?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do your eyes look so dull?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boring, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>({\d d}aLLaa aTi)</font> 7 tr <br> be dull; be uninteresting or tedious; be monotonous, unrelieved, unvaried, unimaginative, uneventful; characterless, featureless, colorless, lifeless, insipid, unexciting, uninspiring, unstimulati<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba {\d d}aLLaa-aTikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's mind-numbingly boring</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dull, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soondiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be languid, depressed or without enthusiasm; be uninteresting, low-key, boring, tedious, monotonous, unrelieved, unvaried, unimaginative, uneventful; characterless, featureless, colorless, lifeless,<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan iNNekki eenoo soondirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is very dull today for some reason</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dull, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazungu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>adihamaa obayoohiccadaale katti mone mazungicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The knife was used too much so it got dull</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dull, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazungu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vayasaaha buddiyle mazungi poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>With increasing age, she became mentally duller</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mazungippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazee katti mazungipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The old knife got dull</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mangippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>poTaveyooTa neram mangippooyiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The color of the saree has gotten faded and dull</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dumb, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(makkaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be stupid or dull; be dull-witted, slow, slow-witted, unintelligent, stupid, dense, doltish, stolid, vacuous; (inf.) dim, dim-witted, thick, brainless, birdbrained<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een ippaTi makkaa irukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you acting so dumb?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaTeccuppoo)</font> 3b intr 3 pn <br> be tongue tied; be astonished, become speechless; be unable to say anything; be mute, tongue-tied, silent, at a loss for words; taciturn, uncommunicative, untalkative, tight-lipped, close-mouthed;<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna payyanooTa terameye paattu ellaarum vaayaTeccuppoonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone was struck dumb by the skill of the boy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dump</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> transfer (a duty, responsibility, etc.,) to; impose upon; pass (down/on), hand down/over/on, transfer, transmit, assign, consign, convey, entrust, turn over, give, cede, surrender, relinquish, delive<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>en meele inda veeleyellaam somattiTTu nii enge poore?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where are you headed, now that you've dumped all your work on me?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> throw down; fling or drop down heavily; empty out; get rid of<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuppeye inge pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Dump the garbage here</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dismiss or fire; pass o's responsibility or work to another; get rid of surplus goods at low prices<br> !<br> <font size=+1>un veeleye mattavangakiTTe taLLiviTaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't dump your work on other people!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dump (over, out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> drop, knock, or fling down suddenly or heavily; spill out; empty out; unload; pass the buck to; get rid of (as with stolen goods)<br> <br> <font size=+1>saambaare teriyaama koTTiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I dumped over the sambar by mistake</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>crowd</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukku)</font> 3 tr <br> crowd together or pressure s.o. for s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nerukkaame taLLi nillunga!</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep some distance and don't crowd together!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dun</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> make insistent demands (for the payment of a debt);<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They've been dunning me because I failed to pay back a loan I owed them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:decay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ittuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: explain away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viLakkit tiir)</font> 6 t <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dupe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaaLiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make a fool of s.o.; deceive, trick, hoodwink, hoax, swindle, defraud, cheat, double-cross, sell s.o. a bill of goods; gull, mislead, take in, fool, inveigle; (inf.) con, do, rip off, diddle, shaft, b<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne eemaaLiyaakkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He duped me</font><br> 1) (moosam seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dupe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne moosam senjavangaLe naan pazivaangaama viTamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will definitely get my revenge on the people who duped me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: catch + particle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(ooTTikkoo@(1 intr)@)</font> 4 intr 3 pn <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: concert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottuzai)</font> 6b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: conclude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: concur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uTanpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(onrupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: condemn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: conglomerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiraL)</font> 1 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: count up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karutu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: make s.t known</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> d <br> <font size=+1>delete</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't make it known to him!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: increase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruku)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiz naaTTule poona anju varushamaa urpatti peruhi varudu appaTingradu saridaan</font><br> <font size=+1>it is really indisputable that during the last five years, agricultural produce in Tamilnadu has increased</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: join</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooruttu)</font> 3at <br> dupe<br> <font size=+1>delete</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: catch + particle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuL)</font> 1 intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: hinder (out of place!)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <font size=+1>delete</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: hinder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTukkaTTai pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <font size=+1>delete</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: hindered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangalpaTu)</font> 4i <br> dupe<br> <font size=+1>delete</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: catch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTikkoo)</font> 4 intr 3 pn <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eat out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyle saappiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dupe<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>oru vaarattule ettane taTave veLiye saappiTuriinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>How many times a week do you eat out?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: lop away/off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>delete</font><br> <font size=+1>The Censor Board lopped off lots of scenes (shots) (footage) from my movie.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: lost, get/go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazitavaru)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>delete:</font><br> <font size=+1>It sometimes happens that I get lost when I'm trying to find my around in Madras.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: neigh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kanai)</font> 6b intr <br> dupe<br> d <br> <font size=+1>delete</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you always neighing? Are you not feeling well?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: observe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavani)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> d <br> <font size=+1>delete</font><br> <font size=+1>I have been observing his activities. I don't find him being honest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: obtain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> d <br> <font size=+1>delete</font><br> <font size=+1>The most important thing to mention in particular is that Mr.Akilan got the first prize for his novel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: organize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungu paTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: pant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(d + bj )~</B> <font size=+1>(muuccu vaangu @(dat + Subject)@)</font> 3 intr, 3 pn w dat <br> dupe<br> d : d f 11 <br> <font size=+1>rayile puTikka veehamaa ooTi vandadule enakku romba muuccu vaangudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I am panting like mad since I had to run fast to catch the train</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: concatenate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cangilikkoovai aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: manage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> d <br> <font size=+1>delete</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: celebrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham navambar aaraam teedi tiipaavaLiye koNTaaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>this year they are going to celebrate Deepavali on the 6th of November</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: explain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNam kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiir)</font> 6 tr <br> dupe<br> <font size=+1>This explains why he failed to appear</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: invite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aze)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii ettane peere virundukku azeccirukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>How many people have you invited to the dinner party?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azai)</font> 6 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTukku oru more varumbaTi enga talevare azecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I invited our leader to come to our home some time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: crowned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi suuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>iLavarasar muTi suuTinavoTane poor aarambamaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>The war will begin once the prince is coronated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exploit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttikkoo@(1t)@)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava eppootu mantarikku sontam enpate payanpaTuttinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>He always exploited the fact that he was related to the minister</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: invite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan enne siiTTu veLayaaTa kuuppiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He invited me to play (a game of) cards.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kadaru)</font> 3 intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTipaTTadum avan valiyile kadarinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He screamed in pain when he got hurt</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: curve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLai)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: cut off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urai)</font> 6b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: die down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: expose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTcikku vai)</font> 6 t <br> dupe <br> <br> <font size=+1>kavalturai tiruTangaLiTamirundu miiTTa porulkale kaaciku vaitanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police displayed the goods retrieved from the thives</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: expound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pizi)</font> 2b tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: expurgate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>duped, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaandupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become cheated, tricked or deceived; be taken in; be taken to the cleaners<br> j <br> <font size=+1>yaarkiTTeyum eemaandupoohaama jaakkradeyaa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Be careful and don't let yourself be duped by anyone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>durable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taangu)</font> 3 intr <br> last or endure (as cloth, etc.); stand up to; resist, be resistant; hold up well, wear well<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kuure enda mazeyeyum taangum</font><br> <font size=+1>This roof is very durable--it can stand up to any rain</font><br> 1) (niiTTicu oze) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: durable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTiccu oze)</font> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaTele vaangina saTTeyellaam niiTiccu ozeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The shirts I bought at that store were very durable</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marundaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> spray or sprinkle (as an insecticide) over (as plants, furniture, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ceTikkellaam marundaTiccaadaan nallaa vaLarum</font><br> <font size=+1>The plants will grow well only if you dust them with insecticide</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuusi taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. clean by dusting; remove dust from<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki viiTTe tuusitaTTappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to dust my house today</font><br> 1) (tuusi toTe) 6b tr<br> 2) (toTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> sprinkle (as powder or fine particles) on s.t.; strew or cover (as sugar, etc.) on s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After you fry the sweets, dust them with some powdered sugar</font><br> 1) (tuusi toTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(puusikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> apply (cosmetics or toilet powder) to o's face or body<br> <br> <font size=+1>kai kaalle sandanatte puusikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Dust your hands and feet with the sandalwood powder</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(duusi toTe)</font> 6b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelu tannooTa ruume duusi toTekkradee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>Velu never dusts his room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTe)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> j <br> <font size=+1>meejeye nallaa toTeccuvei</font><br> <font size=+1>Dust off the table</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dust, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maNNaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> perish; decay, disintregrate, crumble; fall to dust; go to rack and ruin<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kanavellaam maNNaayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All my dreams have turned to dust</font><br> 1) (azinju poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dust, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTuveTippule anda arasu aafiis azinjupooyiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>That government office building was reduced to dust in the bomb blast</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dust, raise (a)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puzudi keLappu)</font> 3 intr <br> cause dust to rise in clouds; cause a sensation, have an effect on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veehamaa poona bussu inda rooTTule puzudi keLappiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bus when it went by raised quite a dust in the road</font><br> 1) (puzudi ezuppu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dust, raise a</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puzudiyezuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>balamaana kaattu puzudiyezuppiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The strong wind raised dust</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dusty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuusiyaTenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be covered or filled with dust<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaTTil romba tuusiyaTenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The old cot has become very dusty</font><br> 1) (tuusiyaa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dusty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuusiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda eTam een ivvaLoo duusiyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is this place so dusty and musty?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dusty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(makkiviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> have a grayish cast (as of paper or of color); be ready to crumble (as paper); be old and useless, be superannuated, obsolete<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need some new ideas; my worthy opponent's are old and dusty</font><br> 1) (tuusi paTinj-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dusty, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuusiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ruumu duusiyaanadunaale nozenja odane ava iruma aarmiccuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>her room had gotten dusty, so she started coughing as soon as she entered it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dutiful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizppaTi)</font> 2b intr <br> be obedient; be respectful of authority, tradition, or custom<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda kaalattule yaar periyavangaLukku kiizppaTinju naTakkraanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays, where do you find anybody who is dutiful towards elders?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stunt (growth)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLarcciye taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prevent the development of (s.t. or s.o.); inhibit<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda marundu ceTiyooTa vaLarcciye taTukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This drug will stunt the growth of the plant</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dwarf</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLLamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to appear small in comparative size; make a dwarf; minimize<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This project is so big, it will dwarf the tallest buildings in the world</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: stunted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLLamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kuLLamaa irundaalum romba balasaali</font><br> <font size=+1>Though he is , he is a very strong person</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dwell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> reside somewhere permanently<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan irabadu varushamaa inda viiTTule kuTiyirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have been dwelling in this house for the past 20 years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sollikkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> linger over s.t. in speech or writing; repeat s.t. unnecessarily<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan sonnadeyee tirumbattirumba sollikkiTTirukkiyee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you dwelling on what he said?</font><br> 1) (nenecci kiTT-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dwindle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(korenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> diminish, decrease, reduce, lessen, shrink; fall off, tail off, drop, fall, slump, plummet; disappear, vanish, die out; (inf.) take a nosedive.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The income from this investment has dwindled over the years, and now it's worth almost nothing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dye</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayam pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give color to (cloth, yarn, etc.) by dipping it into a solution of dye<br> <br> <font size=+1>azukkaana tuNikki ellaam saayam pooTappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to dye all the dirty clothes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: dye</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayam pooTu)</font> 4 intr + dat <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda tuNikki saayam pooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He dyed the cloth.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dying for, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> want, like, be attached to; be crazy about; be desirous of<br> . <br> <font size=+1>alvaa saappuTa rompa aaseyaa irukku. ooTTalukku poohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I am dying for some halva, so I need to find a restaurant that serves it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>dynamite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTiveccu taharu)</font> tr <br> blow s.t. up with; lay explosives to destroy or pulverize s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paareye ellaam veTiveccu taharttiTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If you want to get rid of the rocks we can dynamite them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eager, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full of desire; be keen; be ardent<br> <br> <font size=+1>meelpaTippu paTikkaNumNu enakkum aaseyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I, too, am eager to go on to higher education</font><br> 1) (tavi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be impatient; be anxious; be ardent; be quivering with desire for; long to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaa pooNumNu sumadi tuTiccukiTTu irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sumathi is eager to go to India</font><br> 1) (aarvamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eager, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarvamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>soomu paTikkradule aarvamaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Somu is eager to study</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> dupe<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avar elekshanle pooTTipooTa tuTikkraar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's eager to run for office in the (next) elections.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>precede s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be or arrive before the usual or right time; do s.t. before the appropriate time; jump the queue; be an early bird<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNa vishayattule avan tan akkaave mundikiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He preceded his sister in the expected order of marriage (even though he was younger)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>earmark</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set s.t. aside or designate for a special purpose; keep (back), reserve; designate, assign, mark; allocate, allot, devote, pledge, give over<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa nahehaLeyum giitaavooTa kalyaaNattukku odukki veccirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have earmarked all the jewels [to use] for Geetha's wedding</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>earn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sambaadi)</font> 6b tr <br> get in return for o's work or service; earn o's livelihood; obtain, gain, accumulate, store up, pile up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kainereya paNam sambaadikkaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is earning a lot of money</font><br> 1) (iiTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: earn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona pattu varushamaa veevaaram senju kaasu sambaadikkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>he has earned a lot of money the last ten years through his business</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> give relief from pain, anxiety, care, etc.; cause s.t. to go<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda marundu valiye oTanee pookkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This medicine eases the pain immediately</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLa(r)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> loosen; make less tight, fitting; ease up on, make less restrictive<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar vidimoreyellaam engaLukkaaha taLattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher eased the rules for us</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> alleviate, lighten, or lesson pain, care, speed, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ippo vali korenjiTuccaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Has the pain eased now?</font><br> 1) (niikku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ease (burden)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(some erakku)</font> 4 tr <br> lighten or help lighten a burden<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nalla seydi en someye konjam erakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>This good news helped ease my burden a little.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ease out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazaTTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> remove from office or job tactfully; give s.o. a golden parachute; kick s.o. upstairs<br> <br> <font size=+1>teerdal muTinjavoTanee talaivar avane kazaTTiviTTuTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>After the elections, the leader will ease him out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: ease up, see EASE OFF}</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>easy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sulabamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be not difficult; be compliant; be not burdensome; be accessible, clear or easy to understand<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi ooTTra veele enakku sulabamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Driving a car is easy for me</font><br> 1) (leesaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (eLidaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> have dinner or any other meal; dine, consume food<br> <br> <font size=+1>pasiyaa irukku, saappiTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm hungry, let's eat</font><br> 1) (uNNu) 5c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tinnu)</font> 3c tr, 5c tr <br> take food; corrode (as metals); eat greedily, finish off, polish off; eat (as animals); (of people) eat, or feed like an animal; gobble, slurp, scarf up, wolf down<br> <br> <font size=+1>dooseye tinnuTTu keLambalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We shall start out after we finish eating the dosas</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>avasaramillaama meduvaa sappuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Take your time, and eat in leisure</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNNu)</font> 3c tr, 5c tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>naay tayirsaadatte tiNNuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog ate the curd rice.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eat away (at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ariccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> corrode; erode; fret, nag at<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vishayam en narumbuhaLe ariccuTTu enne paittiyamaakkiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole business just ate away at my nerves and drove me nuts</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eat one's words</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappuNNu ottukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> say that one was wrong; admit error; be forced to retract a statement or declaration; eat humble pie<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He rashly declared that he could not be beaten, but we'll make him eat his words!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eat out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyle saappiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> board out; lunch or dine out; eat in restaurants<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku viiTTule samekka neeram illaadanaale naan pala more veLiyle saappiTuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>Because I don't have time to cook at home, I often eat out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eat up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNNu muTi)</font> 2b intr <br> finish eating; consume completely<br> <br> <font size=+1>saappaaTTe muzusaa tiNNu muTi</font><br> <font size=+1>Eat up all the food (don't leave anything on your plate)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNNu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> eat wholly; devour, ingest, swallow, gobble, gobble up, guzzle, snack on; (inf.) scoff, down, scarf down; tuck into, put away, polish off, dispose of, pig o.s. on, pig out on, down <br> <br> <font size=+1>baakkiviTaama ellaa laTTeyum tiNNuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have eaten up all the laddoos without leaving any (for anybody else)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eavesdrop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTukkeeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> listen in secret; overhear; listen in, snoop, spy; monitor, tap, wiretap, overhear; (inf.) bug<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga peesinade naan oTTukkeeTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I eavesdropped on their conversation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>echo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ediroli)</font> 6b intr 3 pn <br> emit as an echo; resound with an echo<br> !<br> <font size=+1>namma pesaradu inda ruumle eppaTi edirolikkudu paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how it echoes in this room, no matter what we say! </font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> repeat the words, ideas, sentiments, of; reiterate<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNNekki aNNaa sonnade naan iNNekki tiruppi solreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I would like to echo what Anna said the other day</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eclipse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 6b tr <br> hide; obscure or darken<br> <br> <font size=+1>meeham ellaam nelaave marekkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The clouds are eclipsing the moon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> overshadow or render obsolete; appear much more prominent or important than; cause s.t. to be in shadow (fig.); outshine, put in the shade, surpass, be superior to, outclass, outstrip, outdo, top, tra<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His passing was eclipsed by the funeral of the Pope, so we didn't hear about it until later</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(grahaNam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> undergo an eclipse (as of the moon, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>grahaNam piTiccadukkappuram saappiTa kuuTaaduNNu solluvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people say you shouldn't eat during a lunar eclipse</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>economical, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be thrifty;be parsimonious; manage with economy; economize, scrimp and save<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava viiTTu selavule sikkanamaa irukkradunaale ennaale paNam seemikkamuTiyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since she is economical in managing expenditures, I am able to save money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>economize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkanam piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> use frugally; practice economy; cut down extravagance<br> <br> <font size=+1>saappaaTu vishayattule sikkanam piTikkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't economize on food</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ecstatic, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravasamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be in a state of ecstacy or rapture; be rapturous<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan een iNNekki oree paravasamaa irukkaan?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is he so ecstatic today?</font><br> 1) (kaLippaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>edge out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayirezeyle tookkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> defeat narrowly; eke out; squeak by<br> <br> <font size=+1>kabaTi pooTTile tamiznaaTu panjaabe mayirezele tookkaTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tamilnadu edged out Punjab in the Kabbadi competition</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>edgy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padaTTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be on edge; be impatient and anxious; be nervous, jumpy<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLekki kaaleyle pariikshe irukkradunaale enakku padaTTamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I am kind of edgy because I have an exam tomorrow morning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>edit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aasiriyaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> serve as the editor of a magazine, a newspaper<br> <br> <font size=+1>baalan anda pattirikkekki aasiriyaraa irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Balan is editing that magazine</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> revise or correct, as a manuscript<br> <br> <font size=+1>peze irukkra pakkangaLe naan tiruttreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will edit the pages that have mistakes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>educate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalviyaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> provide education for; develop, as taste, the ear, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezengaLukku ilavasa kalviyaLikka oru pudu tiTTam tiiTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should organize a new scheme to educate the poor at no cost</font><br> 1) (payirci aLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>effect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> bring about; produce; make, do; produce an effect<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We have been unable to effect any changes in the system so far</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>effuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> pour forth; shed; scatter; give off (a liquid, light, smell, or quality); talk in an unrestrained, excited manner<br> <font size=+1>You wouldn't believe the type of material that they effused about.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>egg (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> incite; stir up; rouse; encourage<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTatte tuuNTiviTTaa appuram samaaLikkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you egg the crowd on too much, you won't be able manage it later</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ejaculate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(skalitamaaku)</font> 3b intr 3 pn + dat <br> eject semen<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku skalidam aaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>He ejaculated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eject</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piiccu)</font> 3 tr <br> squirt; expel (as watery stools)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This animal ejects a poisonous venom that can blind you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> throw out, as from within; dismiss from office, occupancy, etc.; evict<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuccal pooTTavangaLe koTTaaylerundu veLiyeettinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They ejected the persons from the theater who were yelling</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive out; force out or expel from a place or position; dismiss<br> <br> <font size=+1>puuneye naay toratticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog managed to eject the cat</font><br> 1) (veraTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eke (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> make a living with great effort; manage with difficulty; economize so that one can do more with less; scrimp and save<br> <br> <font size=+1>irukkra paNattule eppaTiyoo samaaLikkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Somehow I manage to eke out a living with the money that's available</font><br> 1) (kaala taLLu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elaborate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virivaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> work out in detail; work out carefully; develop<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists have now elaborated complex plans for wreaking havoc, and you can see them on the internet!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ozeccu uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> develop or produce by labor or hard work<br> [ ] <br> <font size=+1>[ ] ozeccu uruvaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After much effort, they elaborated a plan to restore peace to the region</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> add details in speaking or writing; treat s.t. more completely; elucidate; cf. also explain, make clear, illuminate, throw/shed light on, clarify, clear up, sort out, unravel, spell out; interpre<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahattule ezudiyirukkrade aasiriyar engaLukku veLakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher elaborated on the material written in the book</font><br> 1) tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (tulliyamaa seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elaborate (up)on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vivari)</font> 6b tr <br> give more details; explain more fully<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandade kaaval adihaarikiTTe vivari</font><br> <font size=+1>Elaborate on what happened to the police officer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elastic, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> (of conscience) be flexible or changeable<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan manam maarikiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His mind is very elastic</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gushiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be in high spirits; be jubilant or very happy; be bubbling over, be giddy<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava iNNekki romba gushiyaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is really elated today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: elated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattule moda)</font> 7 intr <br> movd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>seydi terinjavoTane raamu sandooshattule kaattule modandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu was elated when he heard the news</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(medappule iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be jubilant or exultant, as over a success or victory; be in very high spirits; be lighthearted; be on cloud nine<br> j <br> <font size=+1>maheesh pooTTile jeyicca medappule irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Mahesh is elated over his victory in the competition.</font><br> 1) (kaattyle moda) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elbow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mozangaiyaale taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> push with the elbow; push, jostle, nudge, shoulder, knock, bump, crowd, bulldoze.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTattule yaaroo enne mozangaiyaale taLLinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone in the crowd elbowed me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukki taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> push; jostle<br> <br> <font size=+1>bussule kuuTTam nerukki taLLiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The crowd in the bus was elbowing me and pushing me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elbow o's way (through/into)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTiccukkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move forward usu. in a crowd, pushing people with elbows etc.; push, shove<br> , <br> <font size=+1>oree kuuTTamaa irundu, konjam kanjamaa ellaareyum iTiccikkiTTee munnaale pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>It was so crowded, I had to elbow people aside to get through</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teendeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> select by vote, as for an office; choose or pick out; cast o's vote for, choose by ballot, pick, select, appoint, opt for, decide on, designate, determine. <br> <br> <font size=+1>enne inda amaippukku talaivaraa ellaarum kuuTi teendeTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone got together and elected me as the leader of this organization</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirmaani)</font> 6b tr <br> decide or make up o's mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan veLinaaTu pooradaa tiirmaaniccuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I elected to go abroad</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>electrify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTukkiTa seyyi @(1 tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> excite, thrill, stimulate, arouse, rouse, inspire, stir (up), exhilarate, intoxicate, galvanize, move, fire (with enthusiasm), fire s.o.'s imagination, invigorate, animate; startle, jolt, shock; (inf.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava peeccu ellaareyum tiTukkiTa senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her speech electrified everyone.</font><br> 1) (silikka seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(minvasadi senjukuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> supply (a region, etc.) with electric power<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaiccar tan tohudikki minvasadi senjukoTukkradaa vaakku kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister promised to electrify the area</font><br> rifay pa33u|<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: electrify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(silikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kamalooTa naTippu enne silikka senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Kamal's acting electrified me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>electrocute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(min saktiyaale saahaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> kill by applying electrical charge; execute, put to death by electrocution<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanooTa anju kozandengaLe koNNapooTTa poNNu min saktiyaale saahaTikkappaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>That woman, who had killed five of her own children, was electrocuted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elegant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azahaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be beautiful; be splendid; be graceful<br> <br> <font size=+1>padmaavooTa naTanam romba azahaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Padma's dance is very elegant</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be splendid; be excellent; be superior<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda poTave unakku eTuppaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>You will look elegant in this saree</font><br> 1) (neerttiyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: elegant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neerttiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> !<br> <font size=+1>caaruvooTa kuundal eppaTi ivvaLoo neerttiyaa irukku!</font><br> <font size=+1>How very elegant Charu's hair looks!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elevate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(osattu)</font> 3 tr <br> lift up; raise; exalt; promote to a higher rank, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan senja veeleye paattu, modalaaLi en padaviye osattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss elevated my position after seeing the work I had done</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezucciyuuTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> raise the spirits of, put in high spirits<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNNaavooTa peeccu makkaLkiTTe ezucciyuuTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Anna's speech elevated the spirits of the people</font><br> 1) (osattu) 3 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (ezucci aTeya seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elevated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oyar)</font> 2 intr <br> grow higher; rise up above the ground; rise high in position rank, etc.; move up through the ranks<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele seyya seyya en padaviyum oyandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My rank became more elevated as I kept working.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elicit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(solla vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to speak out, as the truth, answer, etc.; make s.o. talk<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane cittaravade seyyaama uNmeye solla vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to elicit the truth from him without torturing him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> obtain linguistic information from a culture bearer, language speaker, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I was eliciting linguistic forms from him in an attempt to figure out the verbal system</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uccarikkaa viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> omit in pronunciation; delete sounds<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizle peesumboodu sela ezuttukkaLe uccarikkaama viTTuTuroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We elide some of the sounds when we speak Tamil.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eliminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> revoke; expel; dismiss; cancel (a meeting); put an end to; completely remove or get rid of; put an end to, do away with, end, stop; set aside, as irrelevant, etc.; terminate, eradicate, destroy, ann<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangam inda uurooTe eezettanatte niikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The government needs to eliminate poverty in this town.</font><br> 1) (ozi) 6b tr<br> 2) (niikkiyuTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (velakkiyuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eliminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTTade oziccu nallade vaLakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>(We) should eliminate evil and promote good.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niikkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappaana vaartteyellaam inda leTTerlerundu niikkiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Eliminate all the offensive words from this letter.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(velakkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar avane pooTTilerundu velakkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher eliminated him from the competition.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eliminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazi)</font> 6b t <br> excrete or expel from the body; pass, as urine<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was having difficulty eliminating, so the doctor prescribed a laxative</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eliminated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be cancelled; be excluded; be struck off the rolls; be tossed or thrown out; be sacked; be extinct; be put down; be gotten rid of; be dead; be destroyed, annulled, annihilated, be abolished<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paLLikkuuTattule paricceyee keTeyaaduNNu arasaangattukku terinjadum anda paLLikkuuTam niikkappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the government was made aware that the school did not offer any exams, that school was eliminated</font><br> 1) (ozi) 2b intr<br> 2) (ozikkappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eliminated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 2b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>unnooTa tollaingaLellaam siikkarame ozinjuTumNu oru saamiyaar enkiTTa sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>A sage told me that all my troubles would soon be eliminated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ozikkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda uurule naTandu vanda vibaccaaram ippo konjam kuuTa illaame ozikkappaTTuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The prostitution that was rampant in that town has been now been completely eliminated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elongate, be/come</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiLu)</font> 1 intr <br> (3 pn) become longer; increase in length; get extended; stretch<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayuru niiNTukiTTee poorudee</font><br> <font size=+1>The rope is becoming elongated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elope</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> run away secretly or quickly; abscond; fly the coop; skip town; slip away, sneak off, run off, steal away; make o's escape, flee, bolt <br> <br> <font size=+1>en atte poNNu evanoo oruttankuuTa ooTipooyiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My aunt's daughter eloped with some guy</font><br> 1) (ooTiyiTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: elope</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>raviyooTa poNNu yaarkuuTayoo ooTippooyiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Ravi's daughter eloped with someone.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eloquent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeccutterame iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fluent and forceful in speech; have the ability to speak well; have a silver tongue<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiznaaTu arasiyalle nelecci nikkaNumNaa peeccuttereme irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>In order to survive in Tamil politics, you need to be eloquent in speech</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elucidate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make clear; explain, illuminate, throw/shed light on, clarify, clear up, sort out, unravel, spell out; interpret, explicate. make understandable; explain comprehensively; make lucid<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar veLakkinadukkappuramum enakku anda paaTam puriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I could not understand that lesson even after the teacher elucidated it.</font><br> 1) (puriya vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (teLivaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: elucidate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kuraLe yaaraaleyum teLivaakkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody could elucidate that kural.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puriyavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make clear<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLoo puriyaveccaalum een purinjikamaaLLeengree?</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how clearly I elucidate things, you just continue to fail to understand me!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeyi)</font> 6b tr <br> evade; escape; avoid; get away from; slip through the fingers<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>paNatte tiruppikkuTukkaama een ippaTi eeyccukiTTee irukkiinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you constantly trying to elude me, and not pay back the money?</font><br> 1) (eemaattiyiTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (nazuvu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiccukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> escape from; give the slip to; evade<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda jaillerundu tappikkradu romba kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is very difficult to elude [one's captors and] escape from this jail.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: elude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaaTTiyum tiruTan eppaTiyoo nazuviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That thief eluded us somehow this time also.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>elusive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> be evasive; be hard to pin down or grasp; be difficult to understand, find, catch, or achieve; be slippery, shifty, or cagey<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazuppaama uNmeye sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't try to be elusive--tell us the truth</font><br> 1) (piTipaTaamaliru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: elusive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTipaTaamaliru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>viirappan nereye varushamaa piTipaTaamalee irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Veerappan managed to be very elusive for many years.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>emaciated, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eLeccuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow thin, through illness, malnutrition, or worries; become haggard and lank<br> <br> <font size=+1>nooy vandadaale ave eLecci poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was emaciated as a result of the fever</font><br> 1) (eLeccuTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (melinjupoo) 3b intr<br> 3) (uruhu) 3 intr<br> 4) (olliyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>emaciate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eLekka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make thin or lean; cause to lose flesh<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda uur saappaaTu enne eLekka senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The food in that town emaciated me</font><br> 1) (vaaTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (meliya seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: emaciated, be</b></font><br> <font size=+1>(eLecciTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>een ippaTi eLeccuTTee</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did you get to be so thin? You're absolutely emaciated!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:emaciated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(melinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>panjattule aTipaTTavan maadiri avan melinjupooyTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has become emaciated, as if he had lived through a drought</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: emaciated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNNaaviradam irundu irundu kaidiyooTa oTambu uruhiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>After being on repeated hunger strikes, the prisoner was completely emaciated.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:emaciated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olliyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tengkizakku aaciyaavile vaazum nereya makkaL sunaamikku apuroo oTambu olliyaay irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many of the people in Southeast Asia look very emaciated after the tsunami</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>emanate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 3c intr <br> proceed or come forth; originate, stem from<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuriyanlerundu palavaheyaana oLikkadir veLippaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Different types of rays emanate from the sun.</font><br> 1) (urpatti aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> originate or emit; send forth, as smell, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? anda viiTu oru visittiramaana naattam veLiviTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>That house emanated a strange smell</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (parava seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>emancipate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urimeyaLi)</font> 6b tr + dat <br> bestow freedom upon; liberate; grant rights to; set free; free from bondage, restraint, influence etc.; liberate<br> <br> <font size=+1>pirpaTuttappaTTa makkaLukku inda arasu nereye urimeyaLikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>This government has not emanicipated the downtrodden</font><br> 1) (viTuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: emanicipate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avane kaTankaarangaLooTa piTilerundu viTuvicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I emanicipated him from the clutches of the money lenders</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embalm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadukaattu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> preserve, as a dead body, a memory, etc.; keep in an unaltered state, usu. by the injection of a preservative<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Lenin's body was embalmed after his death and kept on display in a museum</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embark</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kappaleeru)</font> 3 intr <br> board a ship<br> <br> <font size=+1>en taattaa anda kaalattule kappaleeri singaLam poonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>A long time ago, my grandfather embarked on a ship and went to Srilanka</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embark on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> start or venture, as in an enterprise<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paal vikkara pudu vyaabaarattule erangiyirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have embarked on a new business venture: selling milk.</font><br> 1) (tale-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embarrass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make difficult or complex; complicate<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman inda praccaneye innum sikkalaakkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman has embarrassed everyone by complicating this problem</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sangaTappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> disconcert; make abashed or uncomfortable<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNattule avan ellaar munnaaTiyum enne keeli senju sangaTappaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He made fun of me and embarassed me in front of everyone at the wedding.</font><br> 1) (sangaTappaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTantoleyaale kalangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be burdened down with or worried by debts; be insolvent<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar ippa kaTantolleyaale kalangippooyirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He is financially embarrassed right now</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (taTangal seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: embarrassed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sangaTappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be disconcerted, abashed or uncomfortable<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu veLeyaaTTule naan romba sangaTappaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got very embarassed during the game yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6b tr <br> fix or put into (as stones in an ornament)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kalle en peyare padikkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to embed my name on this stone.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padiyavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put or place into; fix in memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki paTicca paaTatte manasule padiyaveccikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Embed the lesson you learnt today in your memory.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embedded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be set or fixed; be located in a deep place; be fixed in memory; be indelible<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vibattu en nenjule teLivaa padinjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That accident is clearly embedded in my heart.</font><br> 1) (padinjuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: embedded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(patintuviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embellish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azahupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> beautify; adorn<br> <br> <font size=+1>selekki maale pooTTu ade azahupaTuttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I garlanded the statue and embellished it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embezzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> misappropriate or divert property or funds in o's charge; steal; thieve, pilfer, purloin, appropriate, abstract, defraud s.o. of, siphon off, pocket, help o.s. to; put/have o's hand/fingers in the ti<br> <br> <font size=+1>vangiyooTa paNatte kaiyaaTina adihaaringaLe pooliis kaidu senjiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police arrested the officials who embezzled the bank's money</font><br> 1) (moosaTiseyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: embezzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moocaTicey)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>soomu tannooTa aafiisle pala laksha ruubaa moosaTisenjiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Somu embezzled many lakhs of money from his office.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNatte kaiyaaTinavanga siikkarame piTipaTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Those who embezzled the money will be caught soon.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embitter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasappuuTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> make bitter; cause to feel dissappointed, hostile or bitter<br> <br> <font size=+1>cainaale veele paattadu enakku oru kasappuuTTra anubavamaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The experience of working in China embittered me</font><br> 1) (verukka seyyi@(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:embitter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(verukka seyyi@(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettiki naan naTanduTTa vidam avaLe enne verukka senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The way I behaved yesterday made her embittered about me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embolden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urcaahappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> encourage; cause to feel confident; give s.o. the courage to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar pasangaLe tannooTa peeccunaale urcaahappaTuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher emboldened the students by his speech.</font><br> 1) (tuNiccal uuTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (uukku) 3 tr<br> 3) (dairiyappaTuttu) 3 tr 3 pn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: embolden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(dairiyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avvaLavu peesiyum ennaale naadane dairiyappaTuttamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I could not embolden Nathan even after talking to him a lot.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embrace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iruha puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hold fast, catch up, hug closely, clasp; throw the arms around one another; join or adhere to (a party); embrace a cause; convert to another religion, espouse<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa ooTi nereya naaLaa paakkaada tannooTa kozandeye iruha puTiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother ran and embraced her child, whom she hadn't seen in a long time.</font><br> 1) (tazuvu) 3 tr<br> 2) (kaTTipporaLu) 1 tr<br> 4) (aNe) 6b tr<br> 5) (kaTTippiTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: embrace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tazuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved top syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>neriya naaL kaziccu paattadaale sandooshattule naan soomuve tazuvikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I embraced Somu with joy when I met him after a long time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTipporaLu)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiirNNu paatta sandoshattule oru payyanum poNNum kaTTiporaNTukiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Upon meeting by chance, the boy and girl embraced.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tazuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa tannooTa kozandeye appaTiyee kaTTittazuvi muttam kuTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>the mother embraced her child and gave her a kiss</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embrace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tazuvikkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> adopt, take up. convert to (a religion etc.); espouse or support a movement<br> <br> <font size=+1>muppadu varushattukku munnaale ennooTa nanbar tirumale kiruttuva madatte tazuvikkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend Thirumalai embraced Christianity nearly thirty years ago</font><br> 1) (eettukkoo@(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: embrace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ammaavaale saantiye marumahaLaa eettukka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother could not embrace Shanti as her daughter-in-law</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelu sandooshattule enne aNeccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Velu embraced me in joy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTippiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ellaar munnaaTiyum avan giitaave kaTTippiTiccuTTaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>He embraced Geetha in front of everyone!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>embroil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> draw or drag s.o. into a dispute; involve s.o. in a quarrel; entangle, ensnare, enmesh, catch up, mix up, bog down, mire<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>muttuve een teeveyillaama inda vishayattule izuttuviTre?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you embroiling Muthu in this matter unnecessarily?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>emerge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezu)</font> 2 intr <br> rise, as from a depression; improve; arise or develop, as a problem; rise, as the sun; (inf.) pop up<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru pudu praccane ezundirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>A new problem has emerged</font><br> 1) (veLi-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>emigrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyeeru)</font> 3 intr <br> leave o's own home country to live in another; settle in a place abroad; migrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan amerikkaale kuTiyeeri irubadu varusham aayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It has been 20 years since I emigrated to America.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>emit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 tr <br> give off, as a smell or light; pour out, give out, issue, send forth, throw out, ooze, leak, excrete, secrete, eject, emanate, radiate, exhale, ejaculate, exude. <br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puu oru vidyaasamaana vaaTe viisudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This flower is emitting a unique scent</font><br> 1) (pozi) 2b tr<br> 2) (kakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>emphasize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(valiyuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> strengthen the case for s.t.; underline, accent; stress, highlight, focus attention on, point up, lay stress on, draw attention to, spotlight, foreground, play up, make a point of; bring to the fore<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appa neermeyooTa valimeye aTikkaTi enkiTTe valiyuruttuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father often emphasized to me the strength of honesty</font><br> 1) (varpuruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: emphasize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varpuruttu)</font> tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>poy peesakkuuTaaduNNu en appaa eppavum varpuruttuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father always emphasizes that one should not lie.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>emphasize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuttam kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> lay stress upon, as a word or syllable; give special importance or prominence to s.t. in speaking or writing; accent, accentuate; underline, highlight, focus attention on, point up, lay stress on,<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda vaarttele enda sollukku azuttam kuTukkaNum?</font><br> <font size=+1>Which sound should I emphasize in this word?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>employ</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ubayoohi)</font> 6b tr <br> make use of, as a tool, etc.; use, as time, energy, etc.; put to good use<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda neeratte paTikka ubayoohikkalaamee!</font><br> <font size=+1>You could be employing this time to study!</font><br> 1) (payan-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veele kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> provide employment for; give work to<br> <br> <font size=+1>en modalaaLi sumaar nuuru peerukku veele kuTuttrukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My boss has employed around 100 people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>employed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veele seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> work as an employee<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan eNNe faek{\d t}arile veele seyya virumbareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wish to be employed in an oil refinery.</font><br> 1) (veele paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>empower</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sakti kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> enable; give ability to<br> j <br> <font size=+1>pooTTiyle jeyikka sakti kuTuNNu kaTavuLkiTTe veeNTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I prayed to God to empower me to win the competition.</font><br> 1) (sakti aLi) 6b tr<br> 2) (orime aLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(adihaaram kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> authorize; give power or authority to<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaare veeNumNaalum veelelerundu niikka modalaaLi enakku adihaaram kuTuttrukaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss has empowered me to fire anyone needing to be dismissed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>empty</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaali seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> make empty, as a drawer; drink up; eat up; consume<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa murukkeyum naan kaali senjiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have emptied [the container of] murukkus</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make empty, as a sack, a basket, barrel, etc.; pour out, as water from a bucket; make vacant, vacate, clear, evacuate, void, unload, unburden<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaaLilerundu azukku taNNiye koTTiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Pour out the dirty water and empty this bucket</font><br> 1) (uuttiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: empty</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuttiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaLilerundu taNNiye ceTile uuttiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have emptied the bucket and poured the water on the plant.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>empty (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaliyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become devoid of contents, as a basket, a bottle, a street, etc.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu raattiri inda viidiyee kaaliyaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>This street emptied out yesterday evening</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>empty into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sangami)</font> 6b tr <br> flow or join with other things, esp. of rivers, streams, tributaries<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaviru aaru vangaaLakkuTaa kaTalle sangamikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Cauveri river empties into the Bay of Bengal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>emulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinpaTru)</font> 3 tr <br> imitate; follow; try to resemble<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar gaandiyaTihaLooTa vaziye pinpaTrubavaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He is one who emulates Gandhi's path.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> strive to equal or surpass; rival; imitate, copy, mirror, echo, follow, model o.s. on, take a leaf out of s.o.'s book; match, equal, parallel, be on a par with, be in the same league as, come close to<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avanooTe pooTTi pooTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She tried to emulate and even surpass his accomplishments.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enable</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saattiyamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make possible; make s.t. come to pass<br> <br> <font size=+1>sankarooTa kaTumeyaana ozeppudaan inda veTriye saattyamaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Sankar's hard work alone enabled this success.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enact</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make into a law or statute; ordain; decree. make (a bill, etc.) law. <br> ?<br> <font size=+1>maraNa taNTanee enda varushattule saTTamaakkinaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>In which year did they enact the death penalty statute?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enamored of, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be charmed or captivated; be attracted by; be fond of; fall in love with<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avakiTTe mayanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was very enamored of her</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (aase-koo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encarcerated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velangule iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be jailed or emprisoned; be in chains or fetters; be locked up<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaidi innum velangule irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That prisoner is still encarcerated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enchant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasiyam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put under a magic spell; bewitch; charm or attract; allure; hold the attention or interest of; arouse the curiosity of; fascinate; captivate; delight, fill with pleasure; cast a (real or imagined) sp<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa peeccaale ellaareyum vasiyam senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He enchanted everyone with his talk.</font><br> 1) (kavaru) 2 tr<br> 2) (sokka vayyi) 6b tr<br> 3) (mayakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enchant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavar)</font> 2 t <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava azahu enne kavandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her beauty enchanted me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sokka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>reekaa tannooTa naTanattaale ellaareyum sokkaveccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Rekha enchanted everyone with her dance.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:enchant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> mvoed to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paaTTu paaTi avane mayakkinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She enchanted him by singing songs.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enchanted, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sokku)</font> 3 intr <br> be fascinated or charmed; be delighted<br> <br> <font size=+1>siitaavooTa azahule raavaNan sokkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ravana became enchanted by Sita's beauty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encircle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> surround; encompass; enclose, circle, ring, circumscribe, girdle, close in, shut in, fence in, wall in, hem in, hedge in, confine; secure the perimeter<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadi irukkra viiTTe kaavaltore vaLeccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police encircled the house where the terrorist was holed up</font><br> 1) (sutti vaLe) 6b tr<br> 2) (suuzu) 2 tr<br> 3) (vaLeccu koo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: encircle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuz)</font> 2 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>amerikka paTeyellaam iiraakke suuzndudu</font><br> <font size=+1>American forced encircled Iraq.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLeccu koo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>We need to encircle the enemy and cut them off from supplies</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encircled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzndiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be surrounded, enclosed or encompassed; be confined or hemmed in<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan vaangiyirukkra viiTu marangaLaale suuzndirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The house I have bought is encircled by trees.</font><br> 1) (suutti iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enclose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTivaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> build in; build walls etc. around s.t.; reinforce<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda araNmaneye periya sovarukkuLLe kaTTivaLeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They enclosed the palace within high walls.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veelipooTu)</font> 4 tr + dat <br> surround with a fence; fence in<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooTTattuku veelipooTaleNNaa aaTu maaTu ceTiyellaam tiNNuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If we don't enclose the garden with a fence, cows and goats will eat up all the plants.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seettuvayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> insert s.t. in the same envelope with the main contents<br> ?? ; <br> <font size=+1>??paNatte inda kavarle seettuvayyi, ade poosT paNNunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please enclose your payment with this notice and mail.</font><br> 1) (aTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sangeedamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> put or translate into code; encrypt; transform information or data into a coded form<br> <br> <font size=+1>anuppra seydiye sangeedamaakka nereye vazi irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There a lots of ways to encode a message you're sending</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encompass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> shut; close up; envelop; enclose; cover over<br> <br> <font size=+1>meehamellaam vaanatte muuTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The clouds encompassed the whole sky.</font><br> 1) (aTakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: encompass?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>His proposal encompasses many other plans from the past, but goes beyond them.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: encounter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba naaLekki appuram ennooTa sneedaru oruttaru vaziyile edirpaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>On the way, I happened to encounter one of my friends that I hadn't seen for a very long time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encounter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandi)</font> 6b tr <br> meet; meet with; come upon or across; find o.s. face to face with or faced by; contend against, as difficulties; chance to meet, happen upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>en baalya naNban raamane sandiccadule enakku romba mahizcci</font><br> <font size=+1>I am very happy after encountering my childhood friend Raman.</font><br> 1) (edirppaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encourage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uukku)</font> 3 tr <br> animate, kindle; cheer up or on; be in favor of<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTikkaTi uukkinadaale avanaale anda veeleye ozungaa seyya muTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because we encouraged him often, he was able to complete the job nicely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: encourage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uukku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>aracu siru tozil aarambikka uukkuvikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Government encourages starting small scale industries</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encourage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urcaahamuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stimulate, animate, inject some life into s.o. or s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>appappa parisellaam kuTuttu maaNavangaLe paLLikkuuTanga urcaahappaTuttudunga</font><br> <font size=+1>The schools encourage the students now and then by giving them prizes for various competitions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> rouse to action, excite, challenge; put s.o. up to s.t.; instigate, provoke, foment, whip up, stir up, spur on, prompt. <br> <br> <font size=+1>tappu seyyaccolli ennooTa sneeydan enne tuuNTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend encouraged me to make that mistake</font><br> 1) (uukkam uuTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (uukku) 3 tr<br> 3) (ursaahappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encroach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(attumiiru)</font> 3 intr <br> trespass; invade; cross over the line; advance gradually beyond expected limits; intrude on; trespass, impinge, obtrude, impose o.s., infiltrate, interrupt, infringe, violate, interfere with, distur<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadinga attumiiri indiya ellekkulle nozenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists encroached into Indian territory.</font><br> 1) (elle miiru) 3 tr<br> 2) (aLavu miiru) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aakkrami)</font> 6b tr <br> make inroads into; advance beyond limits; annex or encroach upon another's land, property, etc.; invade<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNNeyaar vivasaayingaLooTa nelatte aakkramiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The landlord encroached into the farmers' lands.</font><br> 1) (eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> 2) (aakkramiccukkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> 3) (seettukkoo@(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: encroach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> j <br> <font size=+1>inga irukkara ellaa nelatteyum jamiindaar eTuttukkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The zamindar has encroached all the land here.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aakkramiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en sotte aakkramiccikiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He encroached on my property.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: encroach?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seettukkoo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encrust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> furnish with ornaments and jewels; cover with jewelry; weigh down with<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda poNNu viiTTule irunda ellaa nahengaLeyum eTuttu kaadu-kai ellaa eTangaLLeyum puuTTukiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>That woman had put on every piece of jewelry she had in the house--her ears, hands, arms, everything was encrusted with jewelry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encumbered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be caught up, as in circumstances obligations, etc.; be embarrassed or troubled, as with debts, etc.; be burdended with<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava oru romba periya praccanele sikkiyirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is encumbered with huge problems</font><br> 1) (nerambiyiru) 7 intr<br> 2) (ozalu) 1 intr<br> 3) (soma) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inhibit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> get in the way; hamper, hinder, obstruct, impede, cramp, encumber, restrict, limit, constrain, restrain, bog down, retard, slow (down); inconvenience, disadvantage, handicap<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTTe seyya poohumboodu en manasaaTci enne taTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My conscience inhibited me when I started out to commit the robbery.</font><br> 1) (aTakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: encumbered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerambiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> <br> <font size=+1>maze penjadaale taNNii toTTiyellaam nerambiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The water tanks are full because of the rain.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: encumbered, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozalu)</font> 1 intr <br> be burdened or weighed down; lead a life of encumbrances<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soma)</font> 7 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLoo baaratte nii eppiTi somande</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>conclude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> finish; bring to an end<br> j <br> <font size=+1>puujeye muTikka innum reNTu maNi neeramaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take two more hours until they've concluded the prayers.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finish up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bring to an end, complete, polish off; kill;<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeleye muTiccuTTu unne vandu paakkareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will finish up my work and then come and meet you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>end</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tolecciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> kill, get rid of, finish off, deep six<br> <br> <font size=+1>unne tolecciruveeNNu avan enne meraTTinaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>He threatened me, saying that he would end my life!</font><br> 1) (muTi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 2b intr <br> come to an end, as a story, an action, etc.; terminate, cease<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeccu muTinjavoTane ellaarum kaitaTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone applauded when the speech ended.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>end in smoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> come to nothing; have no result; go up in smoke; be nullified<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ozeppellaam paazaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My hard work has ended up in smoke.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>end off/up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTinjiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> come to a complete end; cease completely; terminate<br> j <br> <font size=+1>sivaaji ganeesanooTa erappule oru sahaaptam muTinjiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>With Sivaji Ganesan's death, an era has ended</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>end up in?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooy seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> reach a final condition<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar meele pooy seenduTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>??His life has ended?? (He went up? to heaven?)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>end up with?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooy nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> finish or result<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the Enron collapse, many employees ended up with nothing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>end?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muttu (mutti poo?))</font> 3 intr <br> be finished, as a story, a film and the like<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The story ends happily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tole)</font> 2b intr <br> (of an unwelcome person or thing) come to an end, stop, cease; be rid of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Thank goodness his era has ended, even if he escaped prosecution</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>endanger</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(abaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> imperil; cause danger to; put at risk or in danger; imperil, jeopardize, threaten, pose a threat to, be detrimental to, damage, injure, harm<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It is against the law to endanger the life of a child</font><br> 1) (abaayattukku uLLaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: endanger</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(abaayattikki uLLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>endear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neesikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to be dear or beloved; make beloved<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tan peeccaale mattavangaLe tanne neecikka senjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She endeared herself to others by the way she talked</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (nerukkam aakkikkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (anbuha seyyi) 2b tr<br> 3) (priyamaakkikkoo@(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: endear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(priyamaakkikkoo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> mnoved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>endeavor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> strive; exert; work hard at<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veeleye muTikka naan romba kashTappaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I put in a lot of effort and endeavored to complete that job.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (moyarcci paNNu, Trai paNNu) 3 tr + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make (effort)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moyaNNupaaru)</font> 6 tr, intr <br> go about; try various methods; have a go at; endeavor<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??If you make an honest effort, and it comes to nothing, you shouldn't be ashamed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>endeavor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moyalu)</font> 5 tr, intr <br> try; attempt; strive<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The state should endeavor to administer justice fairly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ended, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 2b intr <br> be finished or completed, as a piece of work, life etc.; be concluded, as a story, a fight, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTam innum muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The movie has not ended yet.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>calm down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oonjuppoo @Nb intr@)</font> 4 intr <br> quiet down, become calm and tranquil; cease, as busy-ness, revelry<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri aanadum uuree oonjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The city calmed down as night fell.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ended, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 2 intr <br> be settled or decided, as a quarrel; be finished, as a conflict, an emotion, life, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga saNTe oru vaziyaa tiindudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our quarrel finally ended somehow.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>endorse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyezuttu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> sign, as a bill, a check, etc.; sign on the back of s.t.; support s.t. by o's signature or name<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan solra eTattule nii kaiyezuttu pooTTaa poodum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you just endorse [the check] wherever I point out, that is enough,</font><br> 1) (surippezudu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: endorse?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(curippezutu)</font> 3 tr <br> mo'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>endow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aLi)</font> 6b tr <br> give; provide or endow with, as a gift, facility, powers, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooTTile jeyaccadukku paLLi peeraasiriyar enakku parisu aLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The principal endowed me with the prize for winning the competition</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nidiyaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> provide with an endowment in the form of money<br> <br> <font size=+1>nidiyaLiccavangaLooTa peyare ellaam inda sovarle padikkappooroom</font><br> <font size=+1>On this wall, we are going to write the names of the persons who endowed the facility</font><br> 1) (arakk-uTe vazangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give, as a gift, powers, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuL enakku kuurmeyaana arive kuTuttrukaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>God has endowed me with a sharp brain.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>endowed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be furnished or provided with, as qualities, genius, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku iyerkkeyaave aTakkam amenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He is endowed by nature with humility</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>endure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neleccu nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> be permanently fixed; last long; be durable, memorable; live on, continue, persist, remain, stay, hold on, survive, wear well; lit. abide <br> <br> <font size=+1>nii seyyra seevenaale un peer varungaalattule neleccu nikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Your name will endure because of the service (to society) you are performing</font><br> 1) (nelecciru) 7 intr<br> 2) (niiTicciru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: endure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nilaittiru)</font> 7 intr <br> mov'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam neleccu irukkaaduNNu marakkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't forget that money does not last long.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>durable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTiccu oze)</font> 6 intr <br> last long or wear long, as clothes, tools, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda seruppu vele adihamaa irundaalum niiTiccu ozekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Though this shoe is expensive, it's durable</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: endure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTicciru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizmozi niiTiccirukkumgradule aiyamille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is no doubt that the Tamil language shall endure.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>endure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sudaari)</font> 6b tr <br> surmount difficulties; bear hardship; manage to hold out against pain, suffering, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>valiye sudaariccukiTTu sacin veLeyaaTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Sachin just endured the pain and kept on playing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sahi)</font> 6b tr <br> tolerate; bear; allow or admit of; stand, hang in there; sustain; hold out against; remain firm; suffer without complaint<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaaTciye ennaale sahikkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I could not endure that scene.</font><br> 1) (taangu) 3 tr<br> 2) (taangu) 3 intr<br> 3) (poru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: endure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taangu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaspattiri pooserra varekkum valiye eppaTiyaadu taangikko</font><br> <font size=+1>Endure the pain somehow till we reach the hospital.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poru)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanum poruttu paattuTTeen avan tirundale</font><br> <font size=+1>I have endured and waited, but he has not reformed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>energetic, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTamaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be up and about, after an illness; be able to walk about, after being ill<br> <br> <font size=+1>taattaa ezundu naTamaaTa aaramicciTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather is more energetic now (after a period of inactivity)</font><br> 1) (surusuruppaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTituTippaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be active; be full of energy; be vigorous<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vayasuleyum avar tuTituTippaa irukkaaree</font><br> <font size=+1>He is so energetic even at this age.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>energize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saktiyuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> give energy to; make energetic<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu oTambukku saktiyuuTTra marundu</font><br> <font size=+1>This medicine energizes the body.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enervate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(balahiinappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> weaken; deprive of strength or vigor; make feeble; cause to lose strength or nerve<br> <br> <font size=+1>puTrunooy avare romba balahiinappaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The leprosy absolutely enervated him.</font><br> 1) ~( )~ (naliya seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) (taLara senjuTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (veTaveTakka seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enervate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLara senjuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> mo'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTaveTakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> movd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enface</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukke accaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahattooTa kurukke aasiriyarooTa peyare accaTiccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have printed the name of the author across the (face of the) book.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukke ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sovarooTa kurukke eedoo ezudiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has written something across the wall.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enfeeble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(balahiinappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make feeble; weaken; deprive of strength or energy<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaayccal avane romba balahiinappaTuttiLuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fever has enfeebled him a lot.</font><br> 1) (taLara seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enfeeble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLara sey @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>anniki toottadu en manase taLara senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The loss the other day enfeebled me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enflame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTivuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> kindle, as a flame; rouse or stir up, as feelings, passions, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar ellaareyum tuuNTiviTTu veelevaanguvadule keTTikkaarar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's good at enflaming people and stirring them to action</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cover</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poorttu)</font> 3 tr <br> envelope, as trees in a mist; wrap up, as a hill with clouds<br> <br> <font size=+1>pani maleye eppaTi poorttiyirukku paar</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how the snow has covered the mountains!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enfold</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>dasaratar raamare anbaale aNeccukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Dasaratha embraced Rama with affection.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fold (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTi)</font> 6b tr <br> form into a fold or folds;<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaanja tuNiye ellaam maTiccuvei</font><br> <font size=+1>Fold the clothes that have dried.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enforce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amalpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make effective or put in force, as a law, a regulation, a rule, etc.; cause to happen by necessity or force; compel observance of or compliance with<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tiTTatte amalpaTuttardu saaddiyamee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>It is not possible to enforce this plan.</font><br> 1) (somattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> compel; use force or compulsion; make s.t. happen by force, esp. by force of law<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>nii ade sollalaam, aanaa ade kaTTaayappaTuttamuTiyaaduNNu naan nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>You can say that, but I don't think you can enforce it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enforce?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cumattu)</font> 3 tr <br> bad exe; m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kazudemeele ivvaLoo baaratte somattaadee</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> secure by hire; hire, as a vehicle; lease or rent, as a house, a room, a machine, etc.; charter, as a bus<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTTippazaha anda kaTelerundu saikkiLe vaaTahaikku eTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I rented a cycle from that shop in order to practise cycling.</font><br> 1) (amattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> occupy the attention or efforts of s.o.; get s.o. involved in conversation, at work, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe peeccule iiTupaTuttardu romba kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's very difficult to engage her verbally.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iiru)</font> 6 tr <br> attract and hold interest or attention, as a novel, a play, etc.; pull s.o. in<br> <br> <font size=+1>seeharooTa puduu naaTaham enne romba iirttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Sekar's new drama got me really engaged</font><br> 1) (kavaru) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>commit o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakku kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> promise, undertake or bind o.s. to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide inda vaarattukkuLLe muTikradaa avan enakku vaakku kuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He committed himself to complete it for me by [the end of] this week</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moodu)</font> 3 intr <br> attack; enter into conflict with; start fighting<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamuvum soomuvum cinna vishayattukku moodinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu and Somu engaged in a fight over a trivial thing.</font><br> 1) (kavaru) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amarttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engage?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavar)</font> 2 tr <br> mo'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>unga manasa kavarnda ezuttaaLar yaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Who is the writer that attracts you?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arrange (a betrothal)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niccayam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> betroth; fix; conclude a marriage agreement<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona maasam en kalyaaNatte en viiTTule niccayam senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My people arranged for me to be married last month.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engage (gears)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padiya vayyi)</font> 3 tr <br> engage, as gears of a car, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If you want the car to move, you have to engage the clutch</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engaged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be occupied or involved; be busy; be booked up, committed<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda veelele iiTTupaTTirukkara vare veera oNNum seyyamaaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She won't do anything else while she's engaged in that work.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niccayamaakiyiru)</font> 7 intr + dat <br> be betrothed<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLukku niccayamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>They are engaged to be married.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engender</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> produce; cause; give rise to<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tiTTam nereya kashTangaLe uNTaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>That plan engendered a lot of controversy</font><br> 1) (toottuvi) 6 btr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engender?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toottuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pirappi)</font> 6b tr <br> archaic<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: arise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda olahattule uyir eppa tooNiccuNNungradu oru pudir</font><br> <font size=+1>It's a riddle as to when life arose in this world.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engendered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> archaic<br> <br> <font size=+1>uyire ellaam kaTavuLdaan eerpaTuttinaarungratukku aadaaram irukkaaNNu oru vinjnjaani keeLvi keeTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>A scientist questioned whether there is proof that God engendered lives (in the world)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engineer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> plan, as a scheme, a campaign, a plot, etc.; hatch, cook up, whip up, put together<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane kole seyya yaaroo tiTTamiTTrukaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone has engineered a plan to murder him.</font><br> 1) (uruvaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engineer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTTaTatte uruvaakka anju varusham aaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It took five years to engineer this building.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engrave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pori)</font> 2b intr <br> cut or carve (letters) in wood, metal, stone, etc.; inscribe; impress deeply; fix in memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalle poricca ezutta maadiri ava peesinadu en manasule niNNuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>What she said is engraved in my memory as if written on stone.</font><br> 1) (padiya vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (sedukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engrave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>sollikoTukkrade pasanga nenjule padiyavekkradudaan vaaddiyaarooTa kashTamaana veele</font><br> <font size=+1>The tough part of a teacher's job is to engrave whatever they teach in the students' mind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sedukku)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en kaiyaale inda sirpatte sedukkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I carved this sculpture with my own hands.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engraved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poricciru)</font> 7 intr <br> be inscribed; be carved with inscriptions, designs, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanjaavuur kalveTTule poriccirukkrade paTiccirukkiyaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Have you read the inscriptions engraved on the stones in Tanjavur?</font><br> 1) (padinjiru) 7 intr<br> 2) (padi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engraved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> md 2 syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>abdul kalaam tannooTa peeccule sonnadu en manasule padinjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever Abdul Kalam said in his speech is engraved in my mind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 2b intr <br> md 2 syb<br> <font size=+1>The memory is engraved in my brain and will never be wiped out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engross</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ii(r)ttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take in, swallow up, engross; draw and hold the attention of; cause to be immersed or rapt in<br> 0 <br> <font size=+1>anda peeccaaLaru janangaLe tannooTa pakkam appaTiyee iittukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That young orator was able to engross the attention of all the people assembled in the meeting</font><br> 1) (aaza seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engross</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaza seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 t <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His work engrossed him for years, and he had time for nothing else</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engrossed (in), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eleyccuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be absorbed, involved, wrapped up or immersed in, as a film, a novel, an activity, etc.; lose o.s. totally in s.t.; be preoccupied with, be busy; be active; have no spare time<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inta puttakattil naan eleyccuTTeen. ennaale ide naTuvil viTavee muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I've just been totally engrossed in this book, and can't put it down</font><br> 1)j (jakkiyamaahu) 3 intr<br> 2) (marandiru) 7 intr<br> 3) (aazndiru) 7 intr<br> 4) (veeleyaa iru) 7 intr<br> 5) (aaznduTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engrossed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>sakuntale dushyantanooTa nenavule marandirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Shakuntala was engrossed in thoughts of Dushyanta.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aazndiru)</font> 7 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaalelerundu paTippule aazndirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been totally engrossed in his studies since this morning.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jeyaa eppavum eedaavadu veeleyaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Jaya is always engrossed in some work.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aaznduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sindanele aaznduTTaa ellaatteyum maranduTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He forgets everything once he is engrossed in something.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engrossing, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aazndupooha seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engrossing, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(racamaaka iru)</font> 7 intr <br> n/a<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iir)</font> 6 intr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>uurvasiyooTa azahu visvaamittarare iirttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Urvasi's beauty held Vishwamitra's interest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>engulf</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLenji suuzu)</font> 2 tr <br> surround; enclose; inundate , flood, deluge, immerse, swamp, swallow up, submerge; bury, envelop, overwhelm<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLam graamatte vaLenji suuzndiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flood engulfed the village.</font><br> 1) (vizungu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: engulf?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizungu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <font size=+1>The whole valley was engulfed in floods from the El Nino storms.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jack up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oyattu)</font> 3 tr <br> increase, as price; raise s.t. to a higher degree<br> <br> <font size=+1>idukkumeele veleye oyattinaa vyaabaaram baadikkappaTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Business will be adversely affected if we jack up the price any further</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enhance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe of rise<br> <br> <font size=+1>panjam nilavardunaale arisiyooTa veleye eettidaan aahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to raise the price of rice since there is a drought now.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enhance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make better; add to the beauty, quality, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga aaTcikku vandaa eezengaLooTa nelemeye meembaTuttuvoomNu anda arasiyalvaadi urudiyaLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That politician promised that if his party comes to power, they will enhance the status of the poor.</font><br> 1) (kuuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intensify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> increase or add to; magnify, augment; raise, as price, value; make worse; (inf.) up the ante<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan saappiTTa maattere en kaaccale adihappaTuttiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The medicine I took intensified my fever.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enigmatic (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marmamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be mysterious; be puzzling; be like a riddle<br> <br> <font size=+1>subaash candra boos eppaTi erandaarngradu iNNekkum marmamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The question of how Subash Chandra Bose died is still enigmatic</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>puzzle (s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pudiraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be perplexing or enigmatic; be like a riddle<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan een koobamaa irukkaaNNu enakku pudiraa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It puzzles me why he is angry with me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enjoin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uttaraviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> order; command; give orders or directions; insist upon; direct or declare forcibly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ammaa uttaraviTTaa avan ade niccayam miiramaaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>If his mother enjoins him [to do something], he will definitely not refuse.</font><br> 1) (varpuruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enjoin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varpuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veeleye seyyuNNu en aNNan enne varpuruttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My brother enjoined me to do that work.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enjoy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anupavi)</font> 6b tr <br> experience, with joy or pleasure<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazkkeyooTa sohangaLe ellaam anubavikkradudaan en oree kurikkooL</font><br> <font size=+1>My only aim is to enjoy the pleasures of life.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(rasi)</font> 6b tr <br> experience, with joy or pleasure; take pleasure or delight in<br> <br> <font size=+1>rahu naaTTiyatte romba rasiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raghu enjoyed the dance a lot.</font><br> 1) (tuyyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(virumbu)</font> 3 tr <br> like; take a liking to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan mazele veLeyaaTa virumbaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He enjoys playing out in the rain.</font><br> 1) (noharu) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enjoy?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nukar)</font> 2 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enjoyable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rasikkra maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be pleasant; be delightful<br> <br> <font size=+1>seeharooTa naaTaham rasikkaramaadiri irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Sekar's drama was enjoyable.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enlace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnu)</font> 3 tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>siitaavooTa taleye giitaa pinniviTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Gita braided Sita's hair.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tie up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varinju kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bind with rope, twine, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTiye nallaa varinjukaTTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Tie up the box well with rope.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enlace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTar)</font> 2 intr <br> encircle; spread around or over; cover, as if with a lacy pattern<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda koTi maratte sutti paTandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The creeper enlaced the tree</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enlarge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perusaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> build up, enlarge, e.g. an institution, a business; increase the scope or capacity of; make larger; cause to expand; magnify; ramp s.t. up<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan ozeccu inda tozilooTe varamaanatte pala maTangu perusaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>By working hard, he enlarged the profits of this business several times over.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enlarge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perisaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTatte perisaakkinaa ellaarukkum teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody can see the picture if you enlarge it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enlarge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virivu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> extend, spread out, make grow; expand, as a story, a theory, a business; expatiate; develop<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTe niruvanatte pattu aaNTule anju maTangu virivu paTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He enlarged his business by five hundred percent in just ten years.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enlarge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perisaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTatte idukkumeela perisaakkinaa teLivaa irukkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The picture will not be clear if we enlarge it further.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(virivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>vyaabaaratte veLinaaTTule virivupaTuttalaamNu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am planning to expand the business abroad.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>increase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make larger; increase the extent, quantity, scope, etc.; make greater, as pay, amenities, population, speed, etc.; augment, as o's income, wealth, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii denamum saappaTra aLave adihappaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should increase the quantity of food you eat daily.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>large, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perisaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become large or larger, as in extent, bulk, scope; branch out, as a business<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattee varushattule en tozirsaale ivvaLavu perisaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My factory grew very large in just 10 years.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enlarge?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viritturai)</font> not very useful<br> <font size=+1>If I may enlarge upon my neighbor's comments...</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clear up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(solli kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> impart knowledge to help to understand better; enlighten<br> <br> <font size=+1>kashTamaana paaTangaLe rameesh enakku sollikuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>As for the difficult lessons, Ramesh cleared things up for me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enlighten?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLiyuuTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poodi)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaandi poodiccade inniki makkaL maranduTTaangaNNu enakku toonNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I feel that people have forgotten what Gandhi taught.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enlighten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> awaken; make s.o. see the truth; impart the truth to; cause to see the truth; cause to get rid of ignorance, misunderstanding, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>People were very confused until he came and enlightened them</font><br> 1) (veLakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (poodi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enlighten?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivi)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enlightened, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizippaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be awakened, intellectually or spiritually; have o's eyes open; have the scales fall from o's eyes<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasiyale patti ippellaam makkaL vizippaTenjiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People have become more enlightened about politics than they used to be</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teLi)</font> 2b intr <br> perceive; be free from ignorance, misconceptions, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>saamiyaarkiTTe peesinappuram en manasu teLinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was enlightened after talking to the holy man.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enlist o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seendukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> enter the service of; enter into some cause, enterprise, etc.; get involved with; sign up for<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan aaLumkaTciye seendukkalaamaaNNu yoosicciTrukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am wondering about whether I should enlist myself in the ruling party ranks.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enlist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTeyle seettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> sign up or engage for service in the armed forces<br> <br> <font size=+1>oyaram poodalengradunaale enne paTeyle seettuka maruttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They refused to enlist me in the army since my height was insufficient</font><br> 1) (aaLseeru) 6 tr<br> 3) (paTeyle seeru) 2 intr<br> 4) (ezudikkoo @sh tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enlist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaLseer)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaNuvam aaLseekka pudu tiTTatte koNTuvandurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The army has come up with new plans to enlist people.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enlist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> secure s.o.'s sympathy, etc.; get support or help of; petition s.o. for s.t.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>makkaL balatte teraTTinaadaan teerdalle jeyikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>We can win the elections only if we enlist the support of the people.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enlist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTele seer)</font> 2 intr <br> m2s<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennaale namma naaTTu paTele seeramuTiyumNu nambikkeyee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>I am not confident that I can enlist myself in our nation's army.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>draft</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(raaNuva seevekki kaTTaayapaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> enlist by coercion or by force of law; shanghai or dragoon s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaNuva seeveykki kaTTaayappaTuttra saTTam varappooradaa peesikkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They say there's a new proposal to draft people into the army</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recruit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaLeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> engage (for military service); sign s.o. up (for the army, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaTeyle veelekki aaLeTukkraangaNNu keeLvippaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I heard that they are recruiting people in that shop there.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enlist?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezutikkoo @(n tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> m'd 2 syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enliven</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakalakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava soohamaa irundadaala kalakalakka seyya paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to enliven her since she was sad.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cheer up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gushippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make happy, cheerful, etc.; enliven, enspirit, breathe life into s.o. or s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeTikkeyaa peesi pasangaLe naan gushippaTuttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I cheered the boys up by talking in an entertaining way</font><br> 1) (kalakalakka seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> 2) (uyiruuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enliven?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyiruuTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazkkeyee veruttu poona avanukku paTeviirarooTa peeccu uyiruuTTiccu</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to be caught up; trap in a net<br> <br> <font size=+1>kosuvale maaTTi kosuve ellaam adule maaTTavecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I hung up a mosquito net and trapped the mosquitoes in it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enmesh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> trap; entangle; ensnare, snare, entrap, ensnarl, involve, catch up, mix up, bog down, mire<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe avan periya praccaneyle sikkavecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He managed to enmesh her in a big messy situation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ennoble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make noble, excellent, dignified, better; improve; exalt<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezengaLooTa vaazve meempaTuttradu namma naaTTooTa vaLarccikki romba mukkiyam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is very important for our nation's growth to ennoble the lives of the poor.</font><br> 1) (sirakka seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: ennoble?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(cirakkaccey@(1 tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> m'd 2 syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enormous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perisaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be huge; be large, humongous<br> !<br> <font size=+1>yaane evvaLavu perisaa irukku paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>What an enormous elephant!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeraaLamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be immense, as wealth, money,. etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enkiTTe paNam eeraaLamaa irundaalum nimmadiyee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>Though I have an enormous amount of wealth, I have no peace of mind.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>terrible, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayangramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be terrible, be awful(ly big): be outrageous or atrocious; be fearsome<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kanavule vanda buudam paakkavee bayangaramaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ghost that appeared in my dream looked terrible.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enquire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vesaari)</font> 6b tr <br> ask for information, look into, ask about, ask after, inquire; cross examine<br> d <br> <font size=+1>yuunivarsiTTi aafiisukku pooyi tangradukkaana eTavasadipatti iNNekki kaaleyle vesaaricceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I went to the university office this morning and enquired about the availability of housing facilities</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enrage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koobamuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make angry, inflame, annoy, drive s.o. crazy<br> <br> <font size=+1>unnaale enne koobamuuTTa muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I do not think that you are capable of enraging me</font><br> 1) (aattiramuuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enrich</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sezikka seyyi)</font> 1 tr <br> help grow better; nourish, as crop, people, etc.; enrich, as soil, ideas, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raajaa senja yaaham naaTTeyee sezikka senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rituals performed by the king enriched the country.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ensnare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> trap; catch, capture<br> <br> <font size=+1>eliye sikkavekka elippori vaangi vandurukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have bought a rat trap in hopes of ensnaring the rat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> ensnare; entice; enmesh; continue to catch; involve, entrap<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??enne sikkavekka oru tandram paNNiyirundaaru, aanaa naTakkale</font><br> <font size=+1>He arranged a sting to try to entangle me but it didn't work</font><br> 1) (vale pooTTu piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(valepooTTu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>miine valepooTTudaan piTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to catch fishes only with a net.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>meduvaa vara pande kuuTa unnaale piTikkamuTilayee</font><br> <font size=+1>You are not able to catch even a slow moving ball!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> be evidence of, show, demonstrate legally etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ezuduna kaTidatte koorTle saaTciyaa kaaTTunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He entered the letter she had written as evidence in court</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consider</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> consider; hold in the mind, as an offer, idea, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en nelemeye pattiyum konjam neneccuppaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to consider my situation, too</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entertain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virunduvayyi)</font> 6b tr +dat <br> treat guests; feast<br> <br> <font size=+1>goopikki naaLekki en viiTTule virunduvekka pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to be entertaining Gopi tomorrow at my place.</font><br> 1) (virundoombu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeTikke kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> engage, divert, put on a show, provide a diversion; help to pass the time; amuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande azuvudu adukku konjam veeTikke kaaTTungaLeen appaTiNNu manevi purushane keeTTukiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The woman asked her husband to do something to entertain the crying child</font><br> 1) (pozudu pooha seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entertain?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozudu pooha seyyi @(nb t)@)</font> 2b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entertain?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viruntoompu)</font> 3 t <br> treat, show hospitality to guests<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enthrall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> charm; allure; captivate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tan naaTTiyattaale ellaareyum mayakkinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She enthralled everyone with her dancing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enthrall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTimepaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> obsolete meaning<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasar tan edirihaLe poorle viiztti aTimepaTuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The king defeated his enemies in war and enslaved them.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enthralled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be charmed or captivated<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava azahule rahu mayangiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raghu is enthralled by her beauty.</font><br> 1) (aTimeyaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enthralled, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTimeyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaalattule nereye makkaL Tiivikku aTimeyaayiTTaanga</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enthrone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ariyaNele ama(r)ttu)</font> 3 t <br> place s.o. on a throne; invest with sovereign authority<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadum raajaa tannooTa mahane ariyaNele amattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The king, when he got old, enthroned his son</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enthroned, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viittiru)</font> 7 i <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enthusiastic, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarvam vayyi @Rb intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> show great interest or enthusiasm; be keen on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paTikkradule romba aarvam veccirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is very enthusiastic about his studies</font><br> 1) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enthusiastic, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarvam kooLac cey)</font> 1 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aase kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tempt; excite desire<br> <br> <font size=+1>maalaa enne aase kaaTTi moosam senjiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Mala enticed me and then duped me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> lure; cause to go astray; urge or persuade s.o. to act; work s.o. up to do s.t.; stir up, whip up, encourage, fan the flames of, stoke up, fuel, kindle, ignite, inflame, stimulate, instigate, provoke<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda koleye seyya yaar unne tuuNTiviTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Who incited you to commit this murder?</font><br> 1) (siiNTiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aase kaaTTi mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereye paNam kuTukkradaa solli avar enne aase kaaTTi mayakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He enticed me, saying that he would give me a lot of money.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaarcci seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> allure, attract, delude; inveigle; lure; offer blandishments, tempt<br> , <br> <font size=+1>seydittaaLle illaadadeyum pollaadadeyum poTTu kavarcci seyraanga sela pattirikkekaaranga</font><br> <font size=+1>There are some journalists who publish trash and sleaze just to entice the public</font><br> 1) (aase kaaTTi mayakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entitle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peyar kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> give a name or title to (a book, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pustahattukku enna peer kuTukkalaamNu yoosciTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am wondering how to entitle this book</font><br> 1) (taleppu kuTu) 6 tr + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urimeyaLi)</font> 6b tr + dat <br> give a right to; confer rights, privileges on<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda sottule en taattaa enakkum urimeyaLiccirkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather has entitled me to his property, as well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entitle?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTamaLi)</font> 6b tr + dat <br> no...<br> <br> <font size=+1>kunakkuTi vaiddiyanaadanukku nereye sabaa ellaam paTTamaLiccirukkaanga</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entomb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(savappoTTiyle erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> lower (the corpse) into a coffin<br> <br> <font size=+1>poNatte aaLunga savappoTTiyle erakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The men entombed the corpse.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pode)</font> 6b tr <br> bury; put in a grave; lay to rest<br> <br> <font size=+1>settavangaLe podekkradudaan enga vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is our custom to inter the dead</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entomb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kallareyleyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put in a tomb; bury<br> <br> <font size=+1>poop aaNTavar oTale poona vaaram kallareleyiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They entombed the body of the Pope last week.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entomb?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kallaraiyaaku)</font> 3 i <br> <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entrance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> enrapture; fill with delight, joy, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>bakti paaTTu avare paravasappaTuttiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Devotional songs entrance him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangavei)</font> 6b tr <br> put into a trance; fill with rapture, joy, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandirvaadi kalaakku eedoo kuTikka kuTuttuTTu mayangavecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The sorcerer gave Kala something to drink and entranced her.</font><br> 1) (mandiri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entrap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch in a trap; ensnare; trap; catch out<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTane seetu eppaTiyoo sikkavecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sethu has somehow managed to entrap the thief.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entrap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>puuneye kazutte piTicci tuukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should lift the cat by catching its neck.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entrap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amukku)</font> 3 tr <br> ensnare or trap into damaging admission, etc.; get the better of; set up a `sting' operation<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They arranged a sting, and entrapped him as he tried to sell state secrets</font><br> 1) (maaTTa vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entreat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manTraaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pray or beg for; ask earnestly for; supplicate; beseech, implore<br> <br> <font size=+1>aayuLtaNTane kaidi tan taNTaneye korekka niidibadikiTTe manTraaTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The prisoner on death row entreated the judge to reduce his punishment.</font><br> 1) (veeNTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entreat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>adukku daan veeNTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>That is what I am begging (you to do).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entreat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kenju)</font> 3 tr <br> beg; implore<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanakku paNam kuTuttu odavuNNu saraLaa kenjinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sarala entreated (me) to give her money and help her out.</font><br> 1) (veeNTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entreat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku enna veeNumoo tayakkamillaama keeLu</font><br> <font size=+1>Ask whatever you want without any hesitation.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entrust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> put in charge; commend into the hands of; give custody of, hand over, commit, assign, consign, deliver. <br> <br> <font size=+1>unkiTTe oru periya poruppe oppaTekkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to entrust you with a big responsibility</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nambi oppaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> commit to the charge of; confide; leave into the care of; assign, as a duty, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda kaariyatteyum avankiTTe nii nambi oppaTekkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You can have confidence in him and entrust him with any job</font><br> 1) (viTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (nambi kuTu) 6 tr<br> 3) (oppaTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entrust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veeleye enkiTTe viTTuru</font><br> <font size=+1>Entrust this job to me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nambi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avakiTTe inda veeleye niinga nambi kuTukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You can entrust this job to her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>unkiTTe oru mukkiyamaana poruppe oppaTekkap pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to entrust you with a big responsibility.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6b intr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLiyuur poohumboodu en ammaa viiTTuccaaviye en attekiTTe oppaTeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother entrusted the house keys to my aunt when we went out of town.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entwine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>iva taleye pinna enakku nereye neeramaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take me a lot of time to braid her hair.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>plait</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> twine around; plait or braid, as o's hair; cross, as o's fingers together;<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanee en taleye nallaa pinnika muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't plait my hair by myself very well.</font><br> 1) (peNe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entwine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTTepeTTiye nallaa balamaa kaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Entwine the cardboard box strongly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>entwine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> twine around; enlace, as a vine around a tree<br> <br> <font size=+1>malepaambu maanmeele tanne suttikkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The python entwined itself around the deer.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entwine?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piNai)</font> 6b t <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>twirl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiri)</font> 6b tr <br> turn or twist rapidly, as a rope<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kayatte siikkaram tiri</font><br> <font size=+1>Twirl the rope fast.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: entwist?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piNai)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enumerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( b )~</B> <font size=+1>(eNNu @(see number)@)</font> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enumerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> say; name or mention, one by one; list<br> <br> <font size=+1>amerikkaalerundu onakku enna vaangi varaNumNu ovvovonnaa sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Enumerate all the things that you want from America.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> count; ascertain the number of; record numbers of, as in a census<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kuuTele ettane pazam irukkuNNu eNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>Enumerate the fruits that are there in that basket.</font><br> 1) (paTTiyal kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enumerate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTiyal koTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: enunciate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vishayatte teLivaa sonnaadaan enakku puriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I will understand the matter only if you enunciate it clearly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enunciate (clearly)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaa peesu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> speak clearly, explain a position clearly and lucidly<br> <br> <font size=+1>neermohat teervule romba teLivaa peesinaadaan nii solrade sariyaa keeppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Only if you enunciate and speak clearly in the interview will they pay careful attention to what you say</font><br> 1) (teLivaa sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>enunciate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> proclaim; state, as a new idea or theory; promulgate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He claims to be a prophet enunciating the Lord's wisdom</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>envelop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marai)</font> 6b tr <br> hide; cover<br> <br> <font size=+1>meeham ellaam suuriyane mareccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The clouds enveloped the sun.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poorttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cover; hide; wrap up, as in blankets<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLuraa irundadaale poorveyaale enne poottikiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it was cold, I enveloped myself in a blanket.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>encircle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suu(z)ndukoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> surround entirely; enclose; hem in<br> <br> <font size=+1>erumekuuTTam engaLe suundukkicci</font><br> <font size=+1>A herd of buffaloes encircled us.</font><br> 1) (suuzu) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hidden, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 2b intr <br> be covered or wrapped up in s.t., as a hill in the mist<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahattukku aTiyile saavi marenji keTandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The key was hidden among the books.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: envenom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veshameettu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> archaic<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambu maane kaTiccu adu oTambule veshameetticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The snake bit the deer and envenomed it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> archaic<br> <br> <font size=+1>teeLe naan kaalaale orasinadunaala adu enne tiiNTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I grazed the scorpion with my leg, it struck me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>envenom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vishamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make poisonous; embitter; infuse with hostility or bitterness; make resentful, sour, anger, disillusion, poison, disaffect<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>There's no need for you to envenom the situation with such malicious statements.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>envious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poraameppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be full of envy; be green with envy or jealousy; covet<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavangaLooTa verriye paattu poraameppaTakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not be envious of others' success.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>envisage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karpaNe senjipaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> imagine; visualize; form in thought or idea; conceive, imagine, ideate<br> <br> <font size=+1>nammakiTTe nereye paNam irundaa eppaTi irukkumNNu karpaNe senjipaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to envisage how it would be if we had lots of money at our disposal</font><br> 1) (sindaneyle uruvaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: envisage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sindaneyle uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I envisage a world without poverty and war</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>envy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porumeppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel envy of; be envious of<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avan meele poraame paTTeen, naan avan adishTatte paattu poraame paTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I envied him--I was jealous of his good fortune.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>epitomize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> represent; typify<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan terameye idu eTuttukkaaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This epitomizes his talent.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>equal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niharu)</font> 6 tr <br> be equal to; be as good as; match; be on a par with<br> <br> <font size=+1>sacinukku nihar sacindaaNNu naan nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think that only Sachin himself can equal Sachin.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>equal, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be similar or the same; correspond<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTattukku munnaale ellaarum samamaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody should be equal before the law</font><br> 1) (ott-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>equal, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. equal to; make as good as; equalize<br> <br> <font size=+1>soomukku payirci kuTuttu raamukku samamaakkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will train Somu and make him the equal of Ramu.</font><br> 1) (ottirukka seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: equalize?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niravu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>equalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oreemaadiriyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make uniform; make equal; make level or level out; make proportionate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>reNTu paTatteyum oreemaadiriyaakka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you equalize the pictures and make them look the same?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> consider as equal; equate, level out<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga reNTu peerooTa maarke vaaddiyaar samamaakkinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher equalized both our scores.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: equate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(camanpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>equate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariniharaa kkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> consider as equal; treat as equal or equivalent<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You can't equate the strength of their armies--one is twice the size of the other</font><br> 1) (oNNaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (samanpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>equip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give; supply or provide (with the necessary things); provide, as a child with education<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu engaLukku ilavasa viiTu kuTuttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government equipped us with free housing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaarpaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> prepare o.s., get or make ready, or equip o.s. as for a journey, an exam, etc.; furnish with the necessary things; prepare<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorukku naama nammaLe tayaarpaTuttikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should equip ourselves for war.</font><br> 1) (aayattappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: equip?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aayattappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: equipoise (a verb?)?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(camanilaippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> not a verb<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: equivocate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een tiTiirNu mazuppare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you suddenly equivocating?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>equivocate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eenoo taanooNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> fumble or prevaricate in action or speech; haggle; mumble, bumble, shuffle in speech or behavior; be deliberately ambiguous or unclear in order to mislead or withhold information; (inf.) hem and haw<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda aapiisule yaarum ozungaavee veele seyradille. eppavum eenoo taanooNNu iruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In this office nobody does anything in a straightforward way; they're always shuffling and equivocating and beating around the bush</font><br> 1) (reNTu poruLle peesu) 3 tr<br> 2) (mazuppu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: equivocate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iru poruLil peecu)</font> 3i <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eradicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 2b intr <br> desist; stop; become destroyed; wipe out; get rid of, root out, uproot, remove, extirpate, weed out, do away with, abolish, stamp out, annihilate, extinguish, excise, erase, obliterate, destroy, dri<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliyoo mottamaa ozinjiTTaduNNu solla muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We cannot say that polio has been completely eradicated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> destroy or annihilate, as an army; erase or obliterate, as an error; remove or get rid of, as an epidemic, an infestation<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediriye azikkradudaan avangaLooTa oree kurikkooL</font><br> <font size=+1>Their only aim is to eradicate the enemy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eradicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaasunooye ozikka ellaarum nereye paaTupaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone toiled a lot to eradicate leprosy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 6b tr. <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>elingaLe ozikka vivasaayinga pala vazi vakaingaLe veccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The farmers follow a number of methods to eradicate the rats</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>uproot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pariccu eri)</font> 2b tr <br> eradicate; root out or pull out, as a bad habit, an evil, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaanjipoona ceTiye ellaam pariccu erinjiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Uproot the plants which have dried up.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>erase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> efface; destroy; undo; blot out; rub out, as letters or characters; efface; rub off s.t., as from a blackboard; obliterate, as memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tan paricceyle ezudiya viTengaLe kaTesi nimishattule aziccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>At the last minute, he erased his exam answers</font><br> 1) (soraNTiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: erase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soraNTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> not good<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan koobattule nahattaale sovare soraNTiviTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He scratched off the wall with his nail in anger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>swab down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTe)</font> 6b tr <br> rub off, as a blackboard; wipe off; wipe out, as s.t. from memory; brush, dust, mop, sponge, clean<br> <br> <font size=+1>tarele azukkaana eTatte ellaam eerattuNiyaale toTe</font><br> <font size=+1>Swab down the dirty floor with a wet cloth.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: erase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> rub out, as letters or characters; efface; rub off s.t., as from a blackboard; obliterate, as memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>palahele ezudinada aziccuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I erased what I wrote on the board.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>erect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> set up or establish, as an institution, a theory<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar oru pudu palkalekkazahatte uruvaakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He erected a new university.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>straighten up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nimuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise; put into an upright position; set right<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naarkaaliye nimuttippooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Straighten up that chair.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vertical, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nimindiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be upright in position or posture; be perpendicular to the earth<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>neettu vizunda sele iNNekki eppaTi nimindirukku?</font><br> <font size=+1>The statue had fallen down yesterday, how did it get to be vertical today?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTu)</font> 4 tr <br> raise and set up in an upright position, as a flagstaff; plant, install<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTukku viiTu maram naTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should set out trees in (font of) every house.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>erect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> build, raise, construct, as a house, a shed, a wall, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maaLiheye kaTTa muuNu varusham aaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It took us three years to erect this palace.</font><br> 1) (naaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> build, as a wall; construct, as a monument, memorial, etc.; set up or establish, as a scientific or philosophical system<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda talaivar vaaznda eTattule oru ninaivuccinnam ezuppinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They erected a memorial in the place where that leader lived.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sit (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nimir)</font> 2 intr <br> straighten up from a bent position or posture; become upright<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>eppavum nimindu okkaaraNum; saayaama nimiraNum!</font><br> <font size=+1>You should always sit up straight; don't slouch!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: erect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fix or plant in the ground, as a column, a doorpost<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>erode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 2b tr <br> destroy; wear away; eat away at; scour away<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTal ale paTTuppaTTu inda paare azinjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The action of the sea eroded this rock</font><br> 1) (ariccu tinnu) 5c tr<br> 2) (sede) 6 tr<br> 3) (ari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: erode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 6 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>muuTeppuuci naarkaaliye ariccuriccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bedbugs have eroded the chair.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>erode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruttu kiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> wear or eat away; cut through, as a river, and make a new way, path, or channel<br> , <br> <font size=+1>taNNi pazeya kareye aruttukkiTTu pooy, pudusaa vazi ameccu, oru tiive uruvaakkicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The water eroded the old banks and cut a new path, creating an island</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: erode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruttu kiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> dupe<br> , <br> <font size=+1>niir pazeya kareyellaam aruttu kiTTu pooy, pudu vazi ameccu, oru tiive uruvaakkiyaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water eroded the old banks and cut a new path, creating an island</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eroded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sede)</font> 2b intr <br> be worn away; be eaten away or disfigured, by weather, water, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyalle anda sele sedenjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The [base of the] statue got eroded away by the storm.</font><br> 1) (teeyi) 2b intr<br> 2) (arippu kaNTuviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eroded, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arippu kaNTuviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teey)</font> 2a intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandunaTandu en kaal teenjiruccu</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>err</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paavam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> commit a sin; go astray morally; make a mistake; do or go wrong; be incorrect, go astray; deviate; miss o's way; fail; (inf.) mess up<br> <br> <font size=+1>paavam senjaa kaTavuL unne taNTippaaruNNu en appaa sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father said that if I err, God will punish me.</font><br> 1) (tappu seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> 2) (vazi pesahiyiTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (tappi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: err</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappusey @(1t)@)</font> 2b tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tappu senjadaale paadiriyaarkiTTe mannippu keeTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he erred, he asked the Father for forgiveness.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: err?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi picakiviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>burp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeppamviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> belch; throw out wind from the stomach through the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaale mattavanga munnaaTi eeppamviTradu periya tappille</font><br> <font size=+1>In India it's not such a big deal to burp in front of others</font><br> 1) (umizu) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eruct?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(umiz)</font> 2t <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: erupt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTikkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veTiye neruppaale veTikkavekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to make this bomb burst using fire.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>erupt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b intr <br> burst forth, as a volcano; explode, as violence, anger; break out, as in anger, sorrow, etc.; go off, as a bomb<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTu veTiccadule pattu beer settaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Ten people die when the bomb blast erupted.</font><br> 1) (veTikkavayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>teethe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moLe)</font> 6 intr <br> grow or cut, as teeth; come out of the gums<br> <br> <font size=+1>innum en payyanukku pal moLekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>My son has not started teething yet.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>erupt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piiccu)</font> 3 tr <br> (of a geyser) burst forth, shoot up, out, or forth<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozaalerundu taNNii piicci aTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water erupted from the tap.</font><br> 1) (umi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koppuLam pooTu)</font> 4 tr + dat <br> break out as eruptions on the skin<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>For some reason his skin erupted in a bad rash</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jack up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to rise or increase, as prices; shoot up, escalate<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham arasu variye ellaam eettiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has jacked up taxes this year.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>escalate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> (of prices) rise, increase, shoot up, inflate<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTrool vele oree maasattule ivvaLavu eeriTuccee</font><br> <font size=+1>Gas prices have escalated something awaful in just one month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: escalate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(murravai)</font> 6b tr <br> del<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>escape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiccukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get out from; dodge<br> <br> <font size=+1>nariya kaidinga sereyilerundu eppaTiyoo tappiccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>A whole bunch of prisoners have somehow escaped from the prison</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiyooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> run away or desert from service, duty, etc.; break free from confinement or control; run away, run off, break out, break free, make a break for it, flee, make o's getaway, bolt, abscond, decamp, fly<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu oru tiiviravaadi tappi ooTiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>A terrorist escaped yesterday</font><br> 1) (tappiviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ozuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> flow out or away, as water from a tap; trickle out<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozaalerundu taNNii ozukiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Water is escaping from the tap.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: escape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get away (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNule paTaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> elude o's notice, search or observation; slip away unnoticed; make out like a bandit<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan een tiruTan maadiri yaar kaNNuleyum paTaama irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is he getting away with such thievery, and nobody's paying attention?</font><br> 1) (piTipaTaama iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: escape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTipaTaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eNNam enakku piTipaTaama irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His thoughts are eluding my understanding.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLiye pooliis adihaari paNam vaangikiTTu tappaviTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The police official took money and let the culprit escape.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>escape (the memory)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marandupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> forget; elude o's memory; be forgetful<br> <br> <font size=+1>talele aTipaTTadule avan pazeye vishayangaLe marandupooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Old matters tend to escape his memory after he got hurt in the head.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>escape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paranduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> fly away, get away, make an escape, as a bird from a cage, a prisoner from a cell, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiLi kuuNTeviTTu eppaTiyoo paranduruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The parrot has somehow escaped and flown away from its cage.</font><br> 1) (tappi ooTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slip through (o's grasp)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> slip away; sneak away; slink away; be evasive, escape<br> <br> <font size=+1>enkiTTerundu unnaale niccayam nazuva muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You're definitely not going to slip through my fingers</font><br> 1) (tappi vanduTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give s.o. the slip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvi pooha paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> try to slip or get away; try to make o's escape<br> <br> <font size=+1>nazuvi pooha paatta tiiviravaadiye pooliis suTTu koNNuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police shot and killed the terrorist who tried to give them the slip</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>escape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasi)</font> 2b intr <br> flow out or away, as gas from a pipe, water from a tap<br> !<br> <font size=+1>paatturattulerundu eNNe kasinju vizudu paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look, oil is escaping from the vessel!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: escape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappivanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa koTumekkaara purushankiTTerundu tappivanduTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She escaped from her cruel husband.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>escape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get o.s. free from; avoid capture, punishment, etc.; keep o.s. safe or free from, as an accident, a capture, etc.; evade; extricate o.s. from;<br> <br> <font size=+1>graama makkaL unne piTikkaradukkuLLa nii ingerundu tappiccukko</font><br> <font size=+1>Make your escape from here before the villagers catch you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:L escape (cf. get/run away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiyooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>muuNu kaidinga tappiyooTiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Three prisoners have escaped</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: escape?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiccukkoo)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> abandon, as a bad habit; eschew, abstain from; avoid<br> <br> <font size=+1>poheyele piTikkrade naan viTTuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have given up smoking</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eschew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavir)</font> 6 tr <br> abstain from; avoid; keep away from<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiriyle nereye neeram muzikkrade naan tavikka paakkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am trying to eschew staying up late at nights.</font><br> 1) (vilakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eschew?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vilakku)</font> 3 tr <br> avoid; keep away from; abstain from<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>escort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toNekkuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go with s.o. in order to keep company, to act as a guide or help<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri nereye neeramaanadunaale nii raadaakuuTa toNekkuppoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Escort Radha home, now that it's this late at night.</font><br> 1) (kuuTa poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazikaaTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> accompany, as a guide; accompany for guidance; show the way<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>malepradeesattule yaar engaLukku vazikaaTTuvaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who will guide and escort us through the mountains?</font><br> 1) (mey kaavalaa poo @Nb intr@) 3c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: escort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTappoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanum siitakuuTa ava viiTuvarekkum kuuTappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will escort Geetha till her house.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: escort?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meykkaavalaakac cel)</font> 1 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: espouse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadari)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaana kaalattule en payyandaan enne aadarikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Only my son has to espouse me in my old age.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>espouse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaippiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> adopt; follow, embrace, as a religion, a cause, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan gaandiyaTihaLooTa koLkekaLe kaippiTikkaradaa solraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He claims that he espouses the principles of Mahatma Gandhi.</font><br> 1) (meerkoo) 1 tr<br> 2) (aadari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: espouse?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meerkoo)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: espy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii kiize vizundade naan paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I saw you falling down.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>catch sight of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paattuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> see at a distance; observe, espy<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama tiruTinade yaaroo paattuTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody espied us stealing.</font><br> 1) (paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>find out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> discover; catch sight of<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaar kole senjaangaNNu naan kaNTupiTikkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will find out who committed the murder</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>try out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> give s.t. a try and see; test out (by driving, tasting, working, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTe vaangradukku munnaaTi pooTTuppaattu vaangu</font><br> <font size=+1>Try the shirt before buying it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exert o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moyarci seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> try; attempt; have a go at s.t.; essay<br> <br> <font size=+1>moyarci senjaa muTiyaadadu eduvum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is nothing impossible if you exert yourself</font><br> 1) (moyanTru paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: essay?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muyanrupaar)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>essential, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTippaTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fundamental; be basic, absolutely necessary, or extremely important; be indispensable<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTattukku baalakumaaranooTa sirukadedaan aTippaTeyaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Balakumaran's short story was an essential element in this movie.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>indispensable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avasiyappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be necessary, essential; be unable to do without s.t.; be of the very essence; be vital<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba duuram ooTinadaale enakku taNNii avasiyappaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>(Having) water was indispensable for me because I was running long distances</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: essential, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(caaraamcamaaka iru)</font> 7 intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(inriyamaiyaatiru)</font> 7i <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>establish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nelenaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to be accepted or recognized, as rules, customs, etc.; show to be valid or true, as facts, theories, etc.; bring about permanently, as order, peace, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>darmatte nelenaaTTa anda arasiyalvaadi paaTupaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That politician worked to establish justice.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niruubi)</font> 6b tr <br> prove; show to be valid or true; get to the bottom of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTu edanaale settuduNNu {\d d}aak{\d t}araale niruubikkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctors could not establish reasons for the cow's dying</font><br> 1) (ukkaara vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(niyami)</font> 6b tr <br> appoint or settle s.o. in an office, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar baaluve pasangaLooTa pradinidiyaa niyamiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher established that Balu would be the students' representative.</font><br> 1) (nele naaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> set up; set on foot; institute; found, as a university, a new state, etc.; bring about, as order, etc.; enact or ordain, as a law<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu oru pudu kaaleej eerapaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government established a new college</font><br> 1) (eerpaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>establish (border)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(elle ame)</font> 2b intr <br> put up a border; set or delineate a boundary<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavooTa sudandira aaNTule indiyaavukkum paakistaanukkum iTeye elle amekkappaTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>During the year of India's independence, the border was established between India and Pakistan.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>establish s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amarttu)</font> 3 tr <br> settle or set s.o. up in a profession, place, business, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>During the first years after his return, he established himself in his profession</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>established, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruubaNamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be proven beyond doubt; be shown to be true<br> <br> <font size=+1>santaanamdaan koleye senjaaNNu niruubaNamaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It has been established that Santhanam committed the murder</font><br> 1) (neleperu) 1 intr<br> 2) (neleccuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: established, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze peyyaadadunaale en maanilattule varaTci eerpaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Drought developed in my state since it did not rain.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: established, be(come)?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nilaiperu)</font> 1i <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nilaittuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>esteem</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madi)</font> 6b tr <br> venerate; honor; respect; think highly of; have high regard for; value, admire, look up to, think highly of, revere, appreciate, approve of, favor, like, love, cherish, prize, treasure<br> <br> <font size=+1>periyavangaLe madiccu naTakkradudaan namma paNpaaTu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is our custom to respect and esteem elders.</font><br> 1) (poottu) 3 tr<br> 2) (meccu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: esteem</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>uurukku ozekkravangaLe romba madicci paaraaTTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>those who do service for society are always highly esteemed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: esteem?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meccu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>estimate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make an assessment; assess; estimate the cost, calculate roughly/approximately, work out, assess, compute, gauge, reckon, evaluate, judge, appraise, guess; (inf.) guesstimate<br> ; ?<br> <font size=+1>inda viiTTe naan vikka paakkreen; ide nii madippiTa muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm looking to sell this house; could you estimate its value?</font><br> 1) (madikkappaTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (kaNakkiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: estimate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madikkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLac ceedam pattu kooTiye taaNTum appaTiNNu madikkappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>it is estimated that property damage will amount to more than Rs. 100,000</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tanga nahehaLe matippiTTadule adooTa vele pala laTcam teericcu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her jewelry was estimated to be worth lacs of rupees.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakkiTu)</font> 4 t <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNakkiiTu paattadule enakku pattu ruubaa nashTamaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I lost ten rupees when we estimated the losses/gains.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guesstimate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(yuuhi)</font> 6b tr <br> guess; infer, suppose; make an estimate, or a judgement, as of distance, weight, volume, etc.; make an estimate based on guesswork; make a wild guess<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga reNTu maNi neeram araTTe aTiccikkiTTirundadaa naan yuuhicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I guesstimate that we have been gossiping for two hours.</font><br> 1) (nidaani) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: estimate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nitaani)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>estrange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinjupooha seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> turn away; cause to go away or separate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan munkoobam avan maneviye avankiTTerundu pirinjupooha senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His [inability to control his] short temper estranged him from his wife.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: estrange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahikkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku vyaadi irukkuNNu terinjadukkappuram ellaarum avankiTTerundu velahikiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone estranged themselves from him once they knew he had a disease.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: estrange?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anniyamaakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> mo'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>estrange o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> alienate the affections, sympathy, etc. of others<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>adeyellaam senjiTTu mattavangaLe keTuttukkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't estrange yourself from others by doing that kind of stuff</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>estranged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> stay away from; shun, keep away from, eschew, steer clear of; evade, hide from, elude, shirk, dodge; abstain from, refrain from, hold back from<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nariya varusham pettavangakiTTeerundu velahiyirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was estranged from his parents for many years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>alienate o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> separate o.s. from others; choose social separation<br> <br> <font size=+1>saaratiyooTa manevi avankiTTerundu pirinjuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sarathy's wife chose to alienate herself from him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall out with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paheccikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be alienated from; have a falling out with<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaareyum paheccikkaama ottuppoohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not fall out with people</font><br> 1) (veerupaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: estranged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veerupaTu)</font> 4 i <br> m'd to syn<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They used to be good friends, but now they've become estranged.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>etch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be fresh, vivid in memory; be deeply embedded in; be stamped in<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa paLLikkuuTa nenavunga iNNekkum ennooTa manasule padinjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Memories of my school days are still etched in my mind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: etch?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(cetukku veelai cey@(1 t)@)</font> 3 tr <br> not useful<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eulogize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pohaz)</font> 2 tr <br> praise highly; laud<br> j !<br> <font size=+1>raajattooTa maamiyaar avaLe poha(z)ndu taLLuraaree!</font><br> <font size=+1>Rajam's mother-in-law is eulogizing her!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 t <br> praise highly; speak of or write about with praise; extol<br> <br> <font size=+1>muruhane poorri nereye paaTTu ezudappaTTurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>A lot of songs have been written eulogizing Lord Murugan.</font><br> 1) (tudi) 6b tr<br> 2) (paaraaTTi ezudu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eulogyze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTi ezudu)</font> 3 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalam kaTanda modal mandiriyooTa serappamsangaLe oru cinna puttakattule paaraaTTi ezudiyirukkaaru avarooTa sahoodarar</font><br> <font size=+1>The late chief minister's brother has eulogyzed the chief minister in a small book</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evacuate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(appurappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove (people, soldiers, etc.) from a place, a city or area, as in times of war, emergency, flood, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda graamattulerundu janangaLeyellaam naanga appurappaTuttinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We evacuted a lot of people from that village</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaali seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> empty; leave empty; withdraw from, as a place, a house, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta vaarattukkuLLe inda viiTTe kaali senjaahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I absolutely have to move out of this house before next week.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evacuate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malamkazi)</font> 6 t <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiccukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> escape; get away from (o's pursuers, etc.); sidestep, as the law, a question, etc.; (inf.) wiggle out of, give the slip to, stiff<br> <br> <font size=+1>bassule eeri pooliis piTilerundu tappiccukiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I evaded the police by boarding the bus.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get out of s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> escape from, as a question, a duty, a responsibility, etc.; avoid, evade, dodge, escape from, elude, sidestep, circumvent, shake off, give the slip to, keep out of the way of, keep o's distance from,<br> !<br> <font size=+1>senja tappe oppukkaame nazuvikka paakkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't try to get out of this without accepting your fault!</font><br> 1) (viTuviccukkoo @sh tr@) 1 tr<br> 2) (eeyi) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evade?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eey)</font> 6 tr <br> get away from; get around by trickery; evade, as taxes, laws, pursuers, etc.; cheat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evaluate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiTu @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> . . <br> <font size=+1>naan iduvarekkum munnuuru Ph.D. aayveeTungaLe madippiTTirukkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>So far I have evaluated three hundred Ph.D. theses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evaluate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiiTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> estimate, make an assessment or evaluation; conduct a review; appraise; determine the value or worth of<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattu varushangaLukkup perahu inda toreye madippiiTu seyyaNumnu arasu uttaraviTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The Government has ordered that this department must be evaluated after a period of ten years</font><br> 1) (madippiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>assay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> appraise; determine the value or worth of, esp. precious metals<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku tangatte madippiTa teriyumaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know how to assay gold?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evaluate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( )~</B> <font size=+1>(matippiTu@(sh tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiz paricce peeppare naan innum madipiTalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I haven't evaluated the answer sheets from the Tamil examination yet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evaporate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vattiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dry up; grow dry; dwindle<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze peyyaadadunaale koLamellaam vattiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the ponds have evaporated because of lack of rain.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaviyaakku)</font> 3 t <br> cause to turn into vapor<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNiye kodikkaveccu aaviyaakku</font><br> <font size=+1>You can make the water evaporate by boiling it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaviyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> turn into vapor, dry up<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuTTule taNNiyellaam aaaviyaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of the heat, all the water evaporated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>boil away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vattavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make dry; cause to dwindle; cause to disappear; reduce liquids (esp. in cooking)<br> <br> <font size=+1>saambaarle irunda taNNiyellaam vattavecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I reduced the liquid in the sambar by boiling away all the water</font><br> 1) (suNTa vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (suNTi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evaporate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaviyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNiiye oreeTiyaa kodikkaveccu aaviyaakkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I heated the water a lot and evaporated it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evaporate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cuNTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(cuNTavai)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>even</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazavazappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make smooth, as a plank of wood<br> <br> <font size=+1>tareye kallaale teeccuteeccu vazavazappaakkinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We evened out the floor by rubbing it with stone.</font><br> 1) (samamaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (samappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 3) (tiruttu) 3 tr<br> 4) (sari samamaakku) 3 tr<br> 5) (neravu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: even off?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(camamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>even up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarikkaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> balance (accounts); round off, straighten out affairs; setlle debts etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTaneyellaam sari kaTTiTTu naan veLinaaTu poohappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Now that I've evened up all my debts, I'm going abroad</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (neer seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>even with, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazikki pazi vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> get or take revenge; inflict harm in return for (an injury or wrong); requite, punish, repay, pay back<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ava unne pazikki pazi vaangaama viTamaaTTaa!</font><br> <font size=+1>You can get your bottom dollar she'll get even with you!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>even, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be level, smooth or equal; be balanced, lined up properly<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>reNTu kaNNaaTiyum samamaa irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Are both the mirrors even?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samamaayiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of things) become flat or even; (of people) be on a level playing field<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippa niiyum naanum samamaayiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>Now you and I are even.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: even, make/grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda meeTupaLLamaana nelatte samappaTuttradu kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is difficult to make this mountainous terrain even.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: even, make/grow?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(camamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(camamaaku)</font> 3b intr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 t <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: even?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(caricamamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niravu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> expel, as a tenant, etc. by force or by legal processes; dismiss, throw out, get rid of<br> <br> <font size=+1>muraLiye paLLilerundu peeraasiriyar veLiyeettinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The principal evicted Murali from the school.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evict?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumpap peru)</font> 1 tr <br> not right<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>be evidence of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadaaram kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> support by evidence; show evidence with an allegation or accusation; indicate, show, reveal, display, exhibit, manifest, denote, evince, signify, testify to<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ivardaan kuttavaaLingradukku ungaLaale aadaaram kaaTTamuTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you show evidence that this person is the culprit?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evidence?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTaiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evident, become/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be or become open or manifest; be or become visible, obvious, plain or clear; become apparent or plain<br> <br> <font size=+1>niidimanTrattule avan munkoobamaana goNam veLippaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His short-tempered character became evident in the court.</font><br> 1) (teLivaahu) 3 intr<br> 2) (teri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evident, become/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar een ivvaLoo sandooshamaa irukkaarNu teLivaayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It has become evident why he is so happy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2 intr <br> mo'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku manoobalam adihamNu anniki terinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was evident that day that he was very strong in the mind.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evident, become/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make plain or obvious; make clear; leave no doubt about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanakku inda kalyaNattule viruppamilleNNu sangiita veLippaTeyaakkinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sangeetha made it evident that she was not interested in this marriage.</font><br> 2) (teLivi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>clear, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be comprehensible; be obvious, be evident<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTesivarekkum viiTTe viTTu avan een ooTippoonaaNNu enakku veLangavee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>It has never been clear to me why he ran away from home</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evident, become/make?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivi)</font> 6 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <font size=+1>I tried to make it evident to him that his case was in jeopardy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evince</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> reveal the presence of, show; manifest, as a trait, an emotion, etc.; be evidence of; indicate; make plain, manifest, indicate, display, exhibit, demonstrate, evidence, attest to; convey, communicate,<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Early on in life, he evinced an interest in science</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> reveal; demonstrate, as quality, etc.; open o.s. up to others<br> <br> <font size=+1>kumaar tannooTa varuttatte eppavum mattavangakiTTe veLippaTuttamaaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Kumar will never evince an iota of his sorrows to others.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> produce, call up, suggest, as moods, feelings, memories<br> <br> <font size=+1>abdul kalaamooTa peeccu en deesappatte tuuNTiviTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Abdul Kalam's speech evoked [feelings of] patriotism in me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varavaze)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pradamar biihaarooTa aaLunare Tellikku varavazeccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The prime minister summoned Bihar's governor to Delhi.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> call up; produce; bring out, as a smile, memories, a mood, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The song they were playing evoked memories of my childhood</font><br> 1) (varavaze) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>evolve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> develop, as a scheme, a method, theory, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??naasar maleeriya taTukka oru puduu tiTTatte uruvaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Nasser evolved a new plan to control malaria</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> develop; unfold or open out; grow<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNNekki naTTa ceTi periya maramaa vaLandurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The plant we planted long back has evolved into a big tree now.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: evolve?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLadu sera)</font> 7 intr <br> del<br> <font size=+1>The plan has evolved since it was first proposed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exact</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaayappaTuttu vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> require (payments); extort, demand; obtain by force, threats, or other unfair means<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTanga enkiTTerundu paNatte kaTTaayappaTutti vaanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The miscreants exacted money from me.</font><br> 1) (kaTTaayappaTutti peru) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>compel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 t <br> make or force s.o. to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>padmaavooTa appaa avaLe kalyaNattukku kaTTaayappaTutturaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Padma's father is compelling her to marry.</font><br> 1) (palavandu paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>collect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasuul seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> require the repayment of a debt, a tribute, taxes, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaTaheye vasuul senjiTTu naan viiTu tirumbineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I returned home after collecting the rent.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exact, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be correct; be accurate; be right on<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii kuttumadippaa sonnadu sariyaa irunduccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Your estimate turned out to be exact</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTippaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be strict, severe or rigorous, as laws, rules, etc.; be punctilious, meticulous, careful; be a control freak<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa vishayattuleyum romba kaNTippaa irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very exact in everything he does.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exact?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaayappaTuttip peru)</font> 1 t <br> mo'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exacting, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be difficult or demanding, as a piece of work; be a strict task-master; be demanding in application or attention, as a piece of work; be severe or strict, as a boss<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veele enakku romba kashTamaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That job was very exacting for me.</font><br> 1) (kaNTipaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (veele vaangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exacting, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTippaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>en modalaaLi romba kaNTippaa irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My boss is very exacting.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veele vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> mo'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar paNam korevaa kuTuttu nallaa veele vaangaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He gives little money but exacts a lot of work.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exaggerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perisu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> magnify; enlarge; overstate; make a mountain out of a molehill; blow things out of proportion; overstate; represent disproportionately<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru cinna praccaneye perisupaTuttaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't exaggerate a small problem.</font><br> 1) (soTicci sollu) 3c tr<br> 2) (aLa) 7 tr<br> 3) (mehe paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del:exaggerate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aLa)</font> 7 i <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exaggerate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mikaip paTuttu)</font> 3 t <br> mod' to syn<br> <font size=+1>Is the spoken mikai? or s.t. else?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exalt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(osattu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezehaLooTa nelameye osattardudaan en oree laTciyam</font><br> <font size=+1>My only ambition is to exalt the conditions of the poor.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ameliorate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meempaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> elevate; make better; stimulate (like the imagination), exalt, improve<br> <br> <font size=+1>uunamuLLavangaLooTa vaazkkeye meempaTutta avar romba paaTupaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He toiled a lot to ameliorate the lives of the handicapped.</font><br> 1) (osattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exalt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poha(z)ndu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> praise highly; extol the virtues of; exaggerate the qualities of<br> <br> <font size=+1>meeTele modalamaiccar seehare aLavukku adihamaa poha(z)ndu peesinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister exalted Sekar unduly from the stage.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exalted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perumeyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be great; be extolled; become eminent or famous<br> <br> <font size=+1>saamiyooTa appaa avan verriye neneccu perumeyaTenjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Swami's father was exalted following his success.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oyar)</font> 2 intr <br> be great; be eminent<br> <br> <font size=+1>saadaarana manusharaa irunda gaandi enda aLavukku oyandaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Gandhi, who started out as an ordinary person, was exalted [later in life]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>examine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alasippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> research (a problem, etc.) minutely; analyze<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya pustahangaLe alasippaattum veTe teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't find the solution even after examining many sources</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(visaaraNe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> question a witness in a court of law; investigate, as a murder case<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis adihaari kaidiye visaaraNe senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The police office examined the prisoner.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraayi)</font> 2 t <br> inspect or study thoroughly to determine the nature or condition of; look into, investigate; inquire into; scrutinize<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pustahatte avar nereye varushamaa aaraanju varaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been examining this book in a very thorough manner for many years.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLvi keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> ask questions, as in class or in a court of law<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher examined us orally on our knowledge of Tirukkural</font><br> 1) (paricce vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: examine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pariTce vayyi)</font> 6b tr + dat <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paLLile vaaraavaaram pariTce vekkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They hold an examination every week in this school.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>examine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soodi)</font> 6b tr <br> test, as a person, an antique, a jewel, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sari, tanga naheye nallaa sodiccappuram vaangu</font><br> <font size=+1>Okay, buy the gold jewelry, but first, examine it well.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mess up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make worse; aggravate<br> <br> <font size=+1>nallaa irunda koolatte puune moosamaakkiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cat messed up the nicely drawn koolam.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exasperate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcaluuTTu)</font> 3 t + dat <br> irritate intensely; annoy; make angry; infuriate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His total inability to plan ahead just exasperates me and drives me nuts!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exasperated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcalaTe)</font> 2 intr <br> be annoyed or irritated<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippellaam en maamaa siikkaram ericcalaTenjiTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Lately, my uncle tends to get easily exasperated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excavate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTu)</font> 3 t <br> dig; dig out; make a hole or cavity<br> <br> <font size=+1>podeyale naanga tooNTi eTuttoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We excavated the treasure.</font><br> 1) (pari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koTe)</font> 2 tr <br> scoop; hollow; dig, as a tunnel<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In New York, they've been excavating a new water supply tunnel for the last fifteen years!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dig, as a hole, a canal, a trench, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeleyaaLungaLe veccu oru kaavaa veTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They excavated a canal using just manual labor</font><br> 1) (pari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: excavate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exceed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mihu)</font> {6 intr <br> make large, excel, surpass; go beyond<br> <br> <font size=+1>pala virundungaLle seyra saappaaTu miindu viiNaa poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>In many feasts the food cooked exceeds what is needed and just goes to waste</font><br> 1) (adihamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(elle miiru)</font> 3 tr <br> transgress; overstep; go beyond; go overboard<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda sinna payyan panjayattule elle miiri peesunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That young boy exceeded the limits of speech at the Panchayat meeting</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(adihamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be greater in quantity, etc.; be too much; be too high, as in price; surpass the limits; go beyond expectations<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan neneccadeviTa arisiyooTa vele adihamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The price of rice exceeded what I thought it would be.</font><br> 1) (minju) 3 intr<br> 2) (miiru) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exceed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minju)</font> 3 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTTappandayattule kadirooTa veeham enga edirpaarppe minjiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Kadhir's speed in the running competition exceeded our expectations.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(miiru)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vidikkappaTTa veehatte vaNTi miirinadunaala naanga piTipaTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We got caught since our vehicle exceeded the designated speed limit.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get ahead of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> outdo; surpass, exceed s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaareyum mundikiTTu avan bussule eerinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He got ahead of everyone and boarded the bus first.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>surpass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minju)</font> 3 intr <br> exceed; be superior to; be excellent, be outstanding, be skilful, be talented, be pre-eminent, reign supreme; stand out, be the best, be unparalleled, be unequalled, be second to none, be unsurpassed<br> <br> <font size=+1>un payyan unneyum minjiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>You son has surpassed even you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundu)</font> 3 tr <br> overtake; be better than s.o. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTippule avan sariyaana makkaa irundavan ippo nallaa mundiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He used to be pretty stupid, but now he excels in his studies.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excellent, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be splendid; be distinct<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla naharattukku cennai oru eTuttukkaaTTaa veLangudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Chennai is the most excellent of cities.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sira)</font> 7 i <br> become splendid or superior; become exceedingly good; be remarkable; be first-rate<br> <br> <font size=+1>biiTile sirandadu gaNeesh biiTi</font><br> <font size=+1>The beedi that excels is Ganesh (brand) beedi.</font><br> 1) (pramaadamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: excellent, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pramaadamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>un tangayooTa samayal pramaadamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Your sister's cooking is excellent.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>except</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> leave out; omit; exclude<br> <br> <font size=+1>mukkiyamaana vishayatte viTTuTTu mattade maTTum ezudiyirukkiyee</font><br> <font size=+1>You have written everything except the most important thing.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exempt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vidivelakku seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> exclude; make s.o. (s.t.) an exception; cause s.t. not to apply<br> <br> <font size=+1>poNNungaLe maTTum inda saTTattulerundu vidivelakku seyyappooroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are going to exempt women from this law.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excluded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vilakkappaTu)</font> 4 i <br> be left out, turned away<br> <br> <font size=+1>kapil deev oru more kirikeT aNilerundu vilakkappaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Kapil Dev was once excluded from the cricket team.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>omitted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTappaTu)</font> 4 i <br> be left out; be excluded<br> <br> <font size=+1>viTappaTTa peyare ellaam naaLekuLLe paTTiyalle marubaTiyum seettaahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to put back all the names that were omitted from the list.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excerpt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take; take out; extract, as a part from a book<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahattooTa oru pahudiye maTTum eTuttu aaraayardu sariyille</font><br> <font size=+1>It is not right to excerpt just one part of the book and analyse it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excessive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aLavumiiru)</font> 3 tr <br> be in excess; exceed, overdo<br> <br> <font size=+1>aLavumiiri kuTiccadaale avan mayakkampooTTu vizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fainted because his drinking was excessive</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excessive, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(medaminju)</font> 3 intr <br> exceed; be characterized by excess; go beyond limits or reason<br> <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe paNam medaminjinadaale uudariyaa tiriyaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has an excessive amount of money. (He has more dollars than he has sense.)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exchange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change; exchange; substitute; shift. alter, substitute; replace one thing with another<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enge pooy {\d d}aalarhaLe ruubaayaa maattamuTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where can I go to exchange my dollars for rupees?</font><br> 1) (naaNayamaattu seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maattikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make an exchange; turn s.t. in for another thing<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda saTTe piTikkaleNNaa kaTekki pooy ade maattikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't like this shirt, then go back to the store and exchange it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exchange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan laNTan vimaana nelayattule pavuNTe Taalaraa maattuneen</font><br> <font size=+1>In the London airport, I exchanged pound sterling for US dollars</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exchange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTuttu vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> give s.t. and receive s.t. else for it; trade, barter<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avanukku vaazeppazatte kuTuttu adukku badilaa aappiLe vaangineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I exchanged a banana for an apple with him.</font><br> 1) (paNTa maattu seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parimaarikkoo @(sh t)@)</font> 1 tr <br> give and receive reciprocally; interchange, as words, blows, goods, greetings, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu vaaddiyaarum tangaLooTa eNNangaLe parimaarikiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The two teachers exchanged their points of view</font><br> 1) (parimaattam senjukoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exchange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanum avaLum peenaave maattikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He and she exchanged pens.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exchange?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaNayamaattu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 t <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paNTa maattu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 t <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> remove or expunge, as a part or passage from a text; cut, expurgate<br> <br> <font size=+1>carcceye uruvaakkiya vaartteye ellaam naan en kavidelerundu niikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have excised the words that caused the controversy from my poem.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: excise?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vari vidi)</font> 6b tr <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu pudiya vari vidiccadule naTuttara varga makkaL kashTappaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The middle class people suffered because of the government introducing a new tax.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> cut off or remove, as a tumor<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaanjupoona keLeye ellaam marattulerundu veTTiyeTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Trim off all the dead branches from the tree.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>arouse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppu)</font> 3 t <br> awaken, as curiosity; excite, rouse or stir up s.o. to action, etc.; stimulate; inflame<br> <br> <font size=+1>baaradiyaar tannooTa paaTTaale makkaLooTa deesapparre taTTi ezuppinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Bharathiyaar aroused the patriotism of the people through his songs.</font><br> 1) (tuuNTiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spread</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> rouse or set in motion; stir up; launch<br> <br> <font size=+1>edoo oru teengaale guNTu irukkuNNu ceeran poraLiye keLappiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Cheran spread a rumor that there was a bomb in a coconut.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLariviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> stir up, as emotions; rouse; instigate; make up<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda arasiyalvaadi makkaL maddiyile vanmureye keLariviTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That politician excited violence among the people.</font><br> 1) (kiLarcciyuuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: excite?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLarcci uuTTu)</font> 3 t <br> moved to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> stir up, as feelings in s.o.; arouse s.o. to anger, etc.; stimulate; instigate, foment<br> <br> <font size=+1>vanmoreye tuuNTiviTTadukkaaha avan piTipaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was arrested for inciting violence.</font><br> 1) (siiNTiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: excite?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiNTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>aflutter, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paraparappaa iru)</font> 7 i <br> be brisk; be stimulated; be on edge; be on o's toes, be whipped up<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naTiheyooTa tarkolenaale uuree paraparappaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole city is aflutter because of the suicide of that actress.</font><br> 1) (keLarcciyaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excited, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNarcci vasappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be agitated; be worked or stirred up; be angry, hot under the collar<br> <br> <font size=+1>oNarcci vasappaTTu enda muTivum eTukkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't get excited and make any decisions.</font><br> 1) (silumbu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: excited, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(silumbu)</font> 3 i <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keLarcciyaTe)</font> 2 i <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overwrought, get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get worked up, excited; be hot under the collar about s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ellaa vishayattukkum anaavasiyamaa een alaTTikkare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you getting overwrought about everything for no reason?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exclaim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 tr <br> utter suddenly; shout out; call or cry (out), shout, yell, roar, bellow, shriek, utter, proclaim; (formal) vociferate<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ange poohaadeeNNu raamu diTiirNu kattinaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu suddenly exclaimed "Don't go there"!</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>cry out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuccal pooTu)</font> 4 t <br> shout; speak loudly or vehemently; exclaim, as in protest or anger; let out a shout, shriek, yell or cry<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan kamalaavooTa paiye puTunginapoodu ava oTanee kuuccal pooTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>When the thief snatched Kamala's bag, she immediately cried out</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exclaim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 i <br> dupe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiize taTukku vizundadule valiccadaale kattineen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it pained when I fell down, I exclaimed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ostracize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukku)</font> 3 tr <br> shun, cut off, leave out; keep from consideration; omit<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jaadiviTTu kalyaaNam senja surabiye ava kuTumbattaarunga odukkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Surabhi married across caste lines so her family members ostracized her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prevent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nozeyaviTaama seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> keep or shut out; stop from entering<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jannale muuTi puuneye viiTTule nozeyaviTaama senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I prevented the cat from entering the house by closing the windows.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exclude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> expel; eject, keep out; leave out; discard, drop off or out<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avare een teerdal kaLattulerundu veLiyeettinaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did they exclude him from the election arena?</font><br> 1) (velakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (kazittiyuTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (niikkappaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exclude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velakku)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ganguliye kirikeT aNilerundu velakkiyadu tappu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was wrong to exclude Ganguly from the cricket team.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exclude?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazittuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excluded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taviru)</font> 2 intr <br> be avoided or omitted, be left out or off; be swept under the rug<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaa paakistaan peeccuvaartteyile kaashmiir praccane tavirkappaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Kashmir problem was excluded from [the agenda of] the talks between India and Pakistan.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expelled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettappaTu)</font> 4 i <br> be ejected, thrown out, excluded, banished<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuccal pooTTadaale ave uruppinar naTuvaraale veLiyeettappaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the house member created a ruckus, he was expelled by the speaker.</font><br> 1) (ahattappaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: excluded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikkappaTu)</font> 4 i <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>buupati indiya aNilerundu niikkappaTTadu een</font><br> <font size=+1>Why was Bhupathi excluded from the Indian team?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: excluded, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ahattappaTu)</font> 4 i <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shun</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make s.o. officially unwelcome (from society, caste, religions, etc.); exclude, snub, excommunicate; give s.o. the cold shoulder<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezengradunaale avane nii taLLi vekkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't shun him just because he's poor.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excoriate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooluriya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to strip off from the skin<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar kuTutta marundu en oTambellaam tooluriya senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The medicine given by the doctor excoriated my skin.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(picci eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> punish severely; criticize vehemently, strongly or harshly; find fault with, censure, denounce, blame, condemn, disapprove of, disparage; scold severely; berate; tell off; thrash verbally<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan appaTi sonnadukku avan enne picci eTuttuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He absolutely excoriated me for even daring to suggest that</font><br> 1) (vaangu) 3 tr<br> 2) (paTTe vaangiviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: excoriate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTe vaangiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of a piece of work) be harsh, severely critical or excoriating; flay s.o. verbally<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>peel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooluri)</font> 6 tr <br> remove the skin; flay, strip off<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazeppazatte toolurikkaame saapTamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You cannot eat a banana without peeling off its skin.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excrete</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eccamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> void waste from the body (esp., of birds); leave bird-droppings<br> <br> <font size=+1>paravainga eccam pooTTu inda eTamellaam oree asingamaayiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The birds have excreted all over the place and it's a complete mess</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: eliminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 t <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalle unga oTambulerundu azukkaana rattatte veLiyeettaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Firstly, we have to eliminate the dirty blood in your body.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>urinate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siruniir kazi)</font> 6 t <br> pass urine<br> <br> <font size=+1>siruniir kazikkum iTamNNu sovarle ezudiyirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was written on the wall - 'Place to urinate'</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excrete</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malangazi)</font> 6b tr <br> ease o.s., go to the bathroom<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In the hospital, they bring you a bedpan if you need to excrete</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>torture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cittiravade seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> inflict physical or mental pain; excruciate<br> <br> <font size=+1>malarooTa purushan avaLe tannooTa vaartteyaale cittravade senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Malar's husband tortured her with his (strong) words.</font><br> 1) (koTume paTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (veedaneppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excruciate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veedane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause severe pain upon; make anxious<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The pain was absolutely excruciating</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unbearable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porukka muTiyaadiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be intolerable; be unbearably painful or distressing; be excruciating<br> <br> <font size=+1>en purushanooTa aTiode porukka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>My husband's beatings are unbearable</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exculpate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>iva avane paziyileendu viTuviccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She exculpated him from the blame.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exculpate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruubi)</font> 6b tr <br> exonerate; prove, as o's or s.o. else's innocence, etc.; free s.o., as from a charge, a blame, guilt, etc.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nirabaraadiNNu avan vakkiil niruubiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>His lawyer exculpated him in court.</font><br> 1) (viTuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mannippu keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> apologize; ask to be excused<br> <br> <font size=+1>adukkaaha naan avankiTTe mannippu keeTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I asked him to excuse me for it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excuse(s), make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saakku sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> attempt to justify; fabricate reasons for failures, etc.; attempt to lessen the blame attaching to s.o. or s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan edukkeTuttaalum saakku solli veele seyyaama irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He makes excuses for everything and doesn't do any work.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>excuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttukkoo @(sh t)@)</font> 1 tr <br> overlook, as a fault, etc.; regret with indulgence; forgive<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan cinnavangradunaale avan tappe ellaam poruttukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to excuse his mistakes-- he's younger than you are</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forgive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manni)</font> 6b tr <br> excuse, pardon; overlook, as a fault, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan satyaakku tiingu senjum avan enne manniccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Satya forgave me, even though I did some bad things to him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>apologize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaadaanam sollu)</font> 3c tr + dat <br> offer an apology, an explanation or justification<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobamaa irunda mandirikki modalamaiccar samaadaanam sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Chief Minister apologized to the minister who had gotten so angry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>execute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvam kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> give a concrete form to; express in a definite way; carry out<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tiTTattukku oru nalla uruvam kuTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should execute this plan by giving it a solid basis</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do or perform, as a piece of work, an exercise, etc.; carry out, as a plan; implement or enforce, as a law<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kuTutta veeleye kaccidamaa seyvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He executed his job perfectly.</font><br> 1) (seyalpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>carry out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> accomplish, as a plan, a purpose, an order, an ambition, etc.; give effect to a law, a judicial sentence, a decree, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ammaavooTa ellaa aaseyum naan nereveettineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I carried out all of my mother's wishes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: execute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seyarpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tiTTatte seyarpaTuttradu muTiyaada kaariyam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is an impossible task to execute this plan.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>legalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTariidiyaakku)</font> 3 t <br> make s.t. legal; make s.t. legally valid<br> <br> <font size=+1>sundar tannooTa peyar maattatte saTTariidiyaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sundar legalized his name change</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exemplary, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkaaTTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> serve as a model or an example<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaandiyaTihaLooTa vaazkke namakkellaam ennikum eTuttukkaaTTaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Gandhi's life will always be exemplary for us.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>deter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a lesson; serve as a warning or deterrent<br> <br> <font size=+1>maraNataNTane pirkaala kuttavaaLingaLukku paaTamaa irukkuNNu niinga nambariingaLaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you believe that death penalty would deter future criminals?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exemplify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkaaTTooTa veLakku)</font> 3 t <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide eTuttukkaaTTooTa veLakkinaa engaLukku nallaa puriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>We will understand this well if you exemplify it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exemplify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu kaaTTu)</font> 3 t <br> serve as an example of; illustrate, personify; show or demonstrate nicely<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTalpayirci een mukkiyamNu en vaaddiyaar eTuttukkaaTTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My teacher exemplified why exercise is important.</font><br> 1) (udaaraNamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exemplify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(udaaraNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This case exemplifies the attitude of contemporary youth.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exempt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velakkaLi)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> give exemption to; make free, as from a duty, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiznaaTu arasaangam pustahangaLukku vippane variylerundu velakkaLiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government of Tamil Nadu has exempted books from sales tax.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exempt from, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vilakkaLikkappaTTiru)</font> 7 i <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>practice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payirci seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> go through exercises; take or do bodily exercise; do repetitions of some exercise or lesson<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>payirci seyyaama eppaTi mirundanga meede aahamuTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can you become a mridangam expert without practising?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exercise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTalpayirci seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 t <br> take or do bodily exercise<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinnavayasule en appaa denamum oTalpayirci senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father exercised daily when he was young.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moyarci seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> act with energy; make an effort; try<br> <br> <font size=+1>moyarci senjaa muTiyaadadu eduvumille</font><br> <font size=+1>Nothing is impossible if you exert yourself</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oze)</font> 6b intr <br> put o.s. into strenuous action; labor hard; exercise, employ, use, make use of, utilize, apply, wield, bring into play, bring to bear, set in motion, expend, spend<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa kaTumeyaa ozeccu engaLe aaLaakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father had to exert a lot of energy in order to raise us</font><br> 1) (kayy-aaLu) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exert (o.s.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mone)</font> 2 intr <br> act with vigor; put o.s. into strenuous action<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii evvaLavudaan monenjaalum inda maleye oree naaLle eeramuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how much you exert yourself, you won't be able to climb this mountain in a day.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exhaust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiir)</font> 6 tr <br> use up completely, as o's wealth, resources, etc.; spend<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paNamellaam {\d d}aak{\d t}arukku kuTuttee tiinduTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>She exhausted all her money on medical expenses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>empty</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaali seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make empty, as a vessel, an oil-tank, a barrel, etc.; use up, as resources, wealth, etc.; exhaust<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaLiye kaali senjaadaan ennaale marubaTiyum taNNii koNTaaramuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I can I bring some more water, but only if you empty the bucket (first)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>consume</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiittuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> exhaust, use up, as resources, money, etc.; treat or study thoroughly<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ellaa murukkeyum tiittuTTiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Have you consumed all the murukkus?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exhausted, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasangi masangi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become worn down, wearied, exhausted; be hurt in the mind; cease through exhaustion or completion<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The events of 9/11 and its aftermath resulted in rescue workers just getting terribly exhausted</font><br> 1) (oonjupoo) 3b intr<br> 2) (asandupoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exhausted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooy)</font> 2b intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele senju senju oonjupooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am exhausted from overwork</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(asandupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTuveele senji senji oTambellaam asandupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I became exhausted by doing household chores.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reveal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(torandukaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make manifest; lay open, open up, disclose; lay bare, as o's innermost feelings, desires, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tan manase enkiTTe torandukaaTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She revealed her innermost feelings to me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exhibit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruTkaaTci naTattu)</font> 3 t <br> not useful<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu poona maasam oru poruTkaaTci naTatticci</font><br> <font size=+1>The government held an exhibition last month.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exhibit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show; manifest or reveal, as anger, bravery, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiram irundaa ade poorle kaaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you have courage, exhibit it in the war.</font><br> 1) (veLippaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTciyamaa kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show s.t. as evidence in a court of law<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>padivu senja peeccuvaartteye niidimanTrattule saaTciyamaa kaaTTamuTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can I exhibit a recorded conversation as evidence in a court of law?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reluctant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> show signs of fear or hesitation; hang back, hesitate; be unwilling and hesitant; be disinclined<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>uNmeye solla een tayangaree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you reluctant to tell the truth?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exhibit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTcikku vayyi)</font> 6 tr <br> lay open to view; display for the public, as articles in shop windows, as paintings in an exhibition or art gallery<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jeyakaantanooTa pudu puttahatteyellaam anda kaTekki veLile kaaTcikki veccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Jayakanthan's new books are exhibited outside that shop.</font><br> 1) (poruTkaaTciyle vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: exhibit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruTkaaTcile vei)</font> 6 t <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanjaavuur bommaiye poruTkaaTcile vekkalaamee</font><br> <font size=+1>We could exhibit the Thanjavur dolls (in the show).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> m'd to syn<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorle avan tan viiratte veLippaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He exhibited his bravery in the war.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exhilarate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urcaahappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make cheerful; stimulate; enliven<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanavarooTa peeccu engaLe urcaahappaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The elderly person's speech exhilarated us.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exhilarated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urcaahamaTe)</font> 7 intr <br> be stimulated; be or become lively or excited<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuungi ezundavoTane kozande urcaahamaTenjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child became lively after waking up from sleep.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(gushiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be merry, cheerful or elated; be lively or excited<br> <br> <font size=+1>inniki eenoo liilaa romba gushiyaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Leela is exhilarated today for some reason.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exhort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varpuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> urge earnestly; insist, as a course of action<br> <br> <font size=+1>diipaave ava ammaa kalyaaNattukku varpuruttaraa</font><br> <font size=+1>Deepa's mother is exhorting her to marry.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exhume</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> dig up from the earth; dig s.t. out of the earth<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis settavarooTa oTambe preedapparisoodanaikku tooNTiyeTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police exhumed the dead man's body to conduct a post-mortem.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poNatte tooNTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> dig up a dead body<br> <br> <font size=+1>poNatte tooNTiyeTukkradu saTTappaTi kuttamaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Is it illegal to exhume a body?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exile</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(torattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> expel or send away, as from home, country<br> <br> <font size=+1>raajaa ellaa saamiyaareyum naaTulerundu torattiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The king exiled all the holy men from the country.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu kaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> banish or expel s.o. from the country; send into exile; expatriate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare naaTu kaTatta engaLukku uttaravu vandurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>We've got orders to exile him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be; be present; be real; occur or be found<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kaTavuL irukkaarNu niinga nambariingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you believe that God exists?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazndiru)</font> 7 intr <br> live; continue living; continue to be or to live<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar innum konja varusham vaazndirundaa tan payyanooTa kalyaaNatte paatturuppaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Has he lived for a few more years, he would have seen his son's marriage.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkattule iru)</font> 3 i <br> be in use or vogue<br> <br> <font size=+1>sati ippellaam vazakkattule ille</font><br> <font size=+1>Sati no longer exists.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaz)</font> 2 intr <br> live; have life; be alive<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar mattavangaLukkaahavee vaazndaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He existed for the sake of others.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niingu)</font> 3 intr <br> leave; go off<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar oTambulerundu keTTa rattam niingaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Bad blood should exit his body.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 1 i <br> (as stage direction) go off, leave the stage<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTaham muTinjavoTane anda naTihar meeTeye viTTu poonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That actor exited the stage when the play ended.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exonerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurraccaaTTulerundu viTuvi)</font> 6 t <br> clear s.o. from a charge; exculpate<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vakkiilaaledaan unne anda kuttaccaaTTulerundu viTuvikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Only this lawyer can exonerate you (from that crime).</font><br> 1) (viTTuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6 t <br> make free, as from a blame, charge, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niidibadi avan kuttavaaLiNNu tiirmaanam senju avane viTuviccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge decided that he was not guilty and exonerated him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exorcise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeyooTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> drive out an evil spirit by magic, incantations etc.; free s.o. of evil spirits; remove spirit possession<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyil puusaari peeyyooTTradukkaaha inniki inge varuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The temple priest will come here today to exorcise the ghosts.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exotic, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavarcciyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be striking or attractive<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naTihe anda Tressule romba kavarcciyaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>That actress seems very exotic in that dress.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vinoodamaa iru)</font> 2 ci <br> be of foreign origin; be brought from abroad<br> <br> <font size=+1>airooppaalerundu vanda inda maramellaam namakku vinoodamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>These European trees are an exotic species.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perukku)</font> 3 tr <br> enlarge; increase; augment, grow<br> <br> <font size=+1>innum nereya muuladanam pooTTu veevaaratte perukkinaa varumaanam nicceyam kuuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>if one expands his business by investing a lot of resources, he is bound to get more income</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow large, increase, augment<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa veevaaramum kaTeyum naaLukkunaaLu perukikiTTeevarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>his business and income are expanding day by day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(virivaTe)</font> 2 i <br> increase in size, etc., as metal; develop or enlarge, as trade, o's mind, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga vyaabaaram konja varushattuleeyee nallaa virivaTenjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our business expanded well in just a few years.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 2b intr <br> grow or increase in size, extent, as metals under pressure or heat, as tires when inflated, as trade activities, etc.; unfold, as a flower; stretch out or unfold, as a scene or panorama; expand, as ey<br> <br> <font size=+1>muucce uLLe izuttaa maarbu viriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>The chest will expand when you inhale.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(viriya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to expand, as a metal by heating; cause to bloom; cause to unfold<br> j <br> <font size=+1>anda bayilvaan muuccizuttu maarbe viriya senju jeyiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That bodybuilder inhaled air and held it to expand his chest and won (the competition).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 6b intr <br> unfold, as a story; spread out, as branches, petals<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puuvooTa idazellaam raattiri viriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>The petals of the flower expand at night.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(viriccezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> express in greater detail; develop, as a story into a novel<br> <br> <font size=+1>unga kadele kadaanaayahane patti innum viriccezudaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to expand the role of the hero in your story</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> lengthen; make long or longer, as a piece of elastic; develop, as a story into a novel<br> <br> <font size=+1>valadu kayye niiTTi paNatte vaangikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Expand your right hand and receive the money,</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(perukku)</font> 3 tr <br> increase in size, extent, scope, as o's resources, business, faculties, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vyaabaaratte perukka oru nalla yoosane solleen</font><br> <font size=+1>Suggest a good idea to expand my business.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> increase, as population, wealth, resources; develop, as business<br> j <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavooTa janattohe romba veehamaa peruhikiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>India's population is expanding at a rapid rate.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(virivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make larger or wider, as a business, o's interests, mind, etc.; develop, as o's faculties, sphere of activities, trade, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en podu arive virivupaTutta naan nereye puttaham paTicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I read a lot of books to expand my general knowledge.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expand on/upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> express more fully; describe in greater detail<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paaTatte naan iduvarikkum nereyevaaTTi veLakkiyirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have expanded on this lesson many times before.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expatiate (up)on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vevari)</font> 6 t <br> enlarge, expand, or describe; speak or draw out at length, as upon a theme<br> <br> <font size=+1>pradamar tannooTa tiTTatte ellaa mandirikkum vivariccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Prime Minister expatiated upon his plans to all the ministers.</font><br> 1) (sorpozivaattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expatriate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTukaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> exile, banish<br> <br> <font size=+1>prabaakarane piTiccadukkappuram avane naaTukaTattuvoomNu pooliis adihaari sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The police official said that they would expatriate Prabhakaran once he is caught.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirnookku)</font> 3 tr <br> contemplate; look forward to; expect<br> <br> <font size=+1>taTangaLe ellaam dairiyamaa edirnookkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to expect that there will be all kinds of stumbling blocks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaar)</font> 6 tr <br> look forward to; contemplate<br> <br> <font size=+1>pariikshayile nalla madippeN varumNu edirpaakkareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I expect to get a high score in the test</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nene)</font> 6b tr <br> guess; suppose; surmise<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu duuram naTanda pinnaale nii asandiruppeeNNu nenekkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I expect you are exhausted after such a long walk.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(etirpaar)</font> 6 tr <br> look forward to; anticipate; think or believe firmly that the arrival of s.o. or s.t. immanent; regard as likely to happen<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avane aaru maNikki edirpaattoom.</font><br> <font size=+1>We expected him at 6 o'clock.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expecting, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(garbamaa iru)</font> 7 i <br> be pregnant<br> <br> <font size=+1>maitili muuNu maasam garbamaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Mythili has been expecting for three months.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expedient, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uha)</font> 7 i <br> be desirable or advantageous; be conducive<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veele onakku uhandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>That job is conducive for you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expedite?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siikkram seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> attend to s.t. at once; do s.t. quickly or immediately<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTutta veeleye siikkiram seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Do the job given to you quickly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viraivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hasten; speed up; dispatch, as a letter<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTimakkaLe torattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> expel, deport, or drive out the inhabitants of; cause people to flee<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naaTTooTa sarvaadihaari ediri naaTTu kuTimakkaLe torattiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That nation's dictator expelled the people of the neighbouring country.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> force out, as air from lungs, invaders from a place, etc.; turn s.o. out from an office, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuccal pooTTa uruppinare ellaam vangaLe naTuvar avelerundu veLiyeettinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The speaker expelled the members who created a ruckus.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove, as a pupil from school; turn s.o. out from a club, an office, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>saamiye skoollerundu niikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have expelled Swami from the school.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expel?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiviTu)</font> 4 t <br> breathe out; eject, as smoke, fire, etc.<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(torattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drive out, as invaders; chase out, as a dog, a bird, etc.; drive s.o. out of position, office, etc.; exile from a country<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTu naay unga viiTTu puuneye torattiTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our dog has driven out your cat.</font><br> 1) (naaTu kaTattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(selavu seyyi@(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> spend; pay out<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTecca paNatteyellaam selavu senjuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have expended all the money I had</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(selavazi)</font> 6b tr <br> use up, as energy, time, money, etc.; spend<br> <br> <font size=+1>sambaadicca paNatte oree muuccule selavazicciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I expended all the money I earned at one go.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expensive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adiha veleyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be highly priced; be costly<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurle ellaa viiTum adiha veleyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>All the houses are expensive in this town.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expensive, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(celavu piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be the cause of, responsible for expense<br> <font size=+1>This factor makes our health care system very expensive.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>experience</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anubavi)</font> 6b tr <br> undergo; have experiences of, as joy, difficulties, pain, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTTule naan nereya kashTangaLe anubavicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I experienced a lot of difficulties [when I was] abroad.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anubavi)</font> 6b tr <br> suffer; feel; experience the effects of; be subject to<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vayasule ava nereye tunpatte anibaviccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She experienced a lot of sorrow in her childhood.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>experiment</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soodane seyyi@(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make an experiment; test; try out<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaa oru puduu eevuhaneye soodane seyyappoohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>India is going to experiment with a new missile.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>experiment with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soodiccuppaar)</font> 6 tr <br> try out, test, as a new system, method, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTiye soodiccupaattadule nereya praccane teriyavandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We realized there were many problems as we experimented with the vehicle.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazuvaa teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> atone for (relig.); make amends for, make up for, do penance for, pay for, redress, redeem, offset, make good; wipe away, as sins or crimes<br> <br> <font size=+1>poonaporaviyle senja paavatte pookkaradukku eedaavadu oru kazuvaa teeTaveeNTi irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>One has to undergo a kind of ritual cleansing in order to expiate the sins committed in the previous birth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anubavi)</font> 6b tr <br> suffer, as atonement for or as a consequence of a sin, a crime, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paavattukkaaha inda taNTaneye naan anubavikkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I undergo this punishment to expiate the sin</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(praayaccittam seyyi@(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr + dat <br> atone for; make amends for<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan senja paavattukku ellaam praayaccittam senjaahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I have to expiate all the sins I have committed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expiated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiir)</font> 2 intr 3pn <br> be atoned for; be removed<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe paavam tiindadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His sin has been expiated.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalaavadiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> come to an end or lapse, as a contract, a term of office, etc.; be longer valid or operative<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalaavadiyaayiTTa maattereye anda marundukaTeyle vikkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are selling expired medicines in that pharmacy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sellaadadaayiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> lapse, as a contract, a guarantee, a deed, agreement, or document<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>viiTTuppattaram een sellaadadaayiTuccu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did the contract on the house expire?</font><br> 1) (tavariyuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>explain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> interpret; make clear; construe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kashTamaana vishayangaLeyum en vaadyaar puriyumbaTi veLakkuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My teacher explains even difficult things in an easily understandable manner</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vevari)</font> 6b tr <br> describe; define<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna naTandaduNNu nidaanamaa vevari</font><br> <font size=+1>Take your time and explain what happened</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNamkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show s.t. as reason; attribute to as a reason<br> <br> <font size=+1>onnooTa sahoodaran neettu veelekki varaadadukku sariyaana kaaraNamkaaTTaliyee</font><br> <font size=+1>your brother has not explained properly the reasons for his absence from work yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNam sollu @(Nc tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> ascribe as reason; justify<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een ivvaLavu moosamaa naTandukiTTe appaTingradukku kaaraNatte sonnaayaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Did you explain why you behaved so badly?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> clarify; make intelligible or comprehensible, as a text, a process, a theory<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>unga eNNatte engaLukku teLivaakka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you explain your idea to us?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> clarify; illustrate; make known or comprehensible; give s.o. a talking to; tell it 'like it is'<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinnavayasuliyee kozandengaLukku edu tappuNNu teriyavekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should explain what is wrong to children when they are young.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(puriyavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> interpret; make meaningful; make understandable<br> <br> <font size=+1>kashTamaana paaTatteyum anda vaaddiyaar sulabamaa puriyaveccuTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That teacher explains even tough lessons lucidly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(sollikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> teach; interpret, as a text; show how s.t. works; make known, as how to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>maadavan enakku inda paaTatte sollikkuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Madhavan explained this lesson to me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(badil sollu)</font> 3c tr + dat <br> give an explanation; justify, say s.t. in justification<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar keeTTa keeLvikki naan badil sollamuTiyaama muzicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I could not explain the answer to the teacher's question and just sat there, looking stupid</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>explain away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaadaanam sollu)</font> 3c tr + dat <br> answer by explanation; offer a justification or explanation; minimize by giving facile explanations<br> <br> <font size=+1>avvaLavu periya tappukku samaadaanam solla muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You cannot explain away such a grave mistake.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>explain o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make clear; clarify o's position or situation; give person reasons for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en nelemeye naan teLivupaTutta virumbreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wish to explain my position.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>explain; bring to light</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring to light; make plain or clear; explain<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avanukku kaNakku veLakkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I explained the math to him [and cleared things up for him.]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>explicit, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be apparent; be clearly expressed; be outspoken; say things in detail; give clear explanations<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava eduleyum veLippaTeyaa iruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is very explicit in everything (she does/says).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be clear; be unequivocal; be definite<br> <br> <font size=+1>un kurikkooL ennaNNu teLivaa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Be explicit about what your objectives are.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>explode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b tr <br> blow up; cause to explode, disintegrate, or break up; light a (fire)cracker<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>tiTiirNNu anda vaNTi veTiccudu; nereya makkaL settu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly, something made the vehicle explode; several people died.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b intr <br> break; burst into pieces<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuNTu tiTiirNNu veTiccu nereyaa makkaLe koNNuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bomb exploded suddenly and killed many people.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veTiccu sedaru)</font> 3 intr <br> burst; go off; cause an explosion<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naTTa veTi kuNTu neettu teruvule veTiccu sedarittu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bomb he planted exploded on the street yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b tr <br> burst or shatter violently and noisily as a result of rapid combustion, excessive internal pressure, or other process; blow up or set off a bomb, a firecracker, etc.; detonate, burst, cause to fly ap<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuNTu veTiccadule reNTu peer eranduTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Two people died when the bomb exploded.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b intr <br> go off, as a gun; explode, as in passion; be detonated<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTu veTiccu pattu beer settuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Ten people died when the bomb exploded</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exploit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soraNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> use selfishly for o's own advantage, profit or ends; use unfairly; take advantage of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enkiTTe irunda paNatte tiruTan soraNTi eTuttuTTu pooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief deceived me, exploited me, took the money I had, and skipped town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>explore</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(turuvippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> examine; scrutinize; look into closely; probe into s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>turuvipaattadule nereya tuppu keTeccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>We got a lot of clues when we explored the case</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti tirinju paar)</font> 6 t <br> travel around; go around exploringly; poke o's nose into things<br> <br> <font size=+1>naharatte sutti tirinju paakka aaseyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I want to have a look around and explore the city.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>export</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettumadi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> send s.t. to another country; sell to another country<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>indiyaa adihamaa eettumadi seyyra poruL ennaNNu teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know which commodity it is that India exports the most?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring to light; unearth, as a fact, a plot<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadiyooTa tiTTatte kaavaltore veLippaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police exposed the terrorist's plan.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ambalappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> disclose; reveal; make known, as secrets; unmask, as a plot, an imposter, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inge naTakkra aTTuuziyatte naan ambalappaTuttaama viTamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will definitely expose the atrocities happening here.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make liable or subject to, as risk, danger, influences, etc.; cause to undergo or experience, as danger, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne nereya kashTattukku uLLaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He exposed me to a lot of hardship.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veeshatte kale)</font> 6 tr <br> unmask a person; take away the mask of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ceeranooTa veeshatte kalekkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to expose Cheran and his evil deeds</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTanguTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> lay open to, make o.s. liable to, as bad influences, bad habits, bad company<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en mahanukku keTTa pazakkam vara eTam kuTukkavee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>I never exposed my son to bad habits.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(torandukaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> uncover and exhibit, as o's body; reveal, as o's innermost thoughts, etc.; lay open to view, as a suitcase<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTiye adihaaringakiTTe torandukaaTTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I opened the suitcase and exposed the contents to the officials.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> reveal, uncover, or open up or out, as o's head or hand to rain, air, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazeyile taleye niiTTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't expose your head to the rain.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expostulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTceebi)</font> 6b tr <br> protest; remonstrate; reason against s.t. to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirkaTci vakkiilooTa vaadattukku en vakkiil aaTceebittaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My lawyer expostulated against the opponent lawyer's argument.</font><br> 1) (eTuttu sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vevari)</font> 6 t <br> set forth in detail, as a theory, a doctrine, etc.; explain; make clear; expatiate<br> <br> <font size=+1>sunaami eppaTi uruvaaccuNNu anda nibuNar vivariccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That expert expounded on how the tsunami formed.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> put into words; say; speak; set forth, as o's feelings, etc.; hold forth<br> <br> <font size=+1>meenakaa nenakkrade appaTiyee solliTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Menaka expounds whatever she thinks.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> explain; make clear; interpret, as a text, etc.; present and explain (a theory or idea) in detail; present, put forward, set forth, propose, propound; explain, give an explanation of, detail, spell ou<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyaraala ide ozungaa veLakkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher could not expound this properly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>express sympathy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttam terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> sympathize (with); be sympathetic toward, show compassion for, be compassionate toward, commiserate with, pity, offer condolences to, console, offer consolation to, comfort, be supportive of, show un<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan mahattaana ezappukku naan varuttam terivicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I expressed to him my sympathy for his great loss</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>expunge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> erase; remove, as a remark from a report or record; strike out, as a name from a list<br> <br> <font size=+1>sabaanaayagar edirkaTci talaivar sonnada niikkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The speaker expunged the opposition leader's remarks.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make longer; lengthen; reach out, hold out<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiye niiTTi prasaadatte vaangikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Extend your hand and receive the prasadam.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show, offer, as sympathy, kindness or affection to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga avankiTTe parivu kaaTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They extended their sympathy to him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(niiNTu keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> stretch; reach; lie stretched out to a particular point, as a road, history, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maavaTTam kaTTukku aTangaame roompa perucaa niindu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The district is so large it extends far beyond the horizon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stretch out, as a piece of elastic; hold out, as hands; prolong<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiye niiTTi prasaadatte vaangikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Extend your hand and receive the prasadam.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(niiLamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make long or longer, as a path, road, a length of rubber tubing<br> <br> <font size=+1>rooTe niiLamaakka arasu tiirmaaniccurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has decided to extend the road.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(parandu keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> lie stretched out in various directions, as a view, a territory, a farm, etc.; appear to go on and on<br> !<br> <font size=+1>vayal eppaTi parandu keTakkudu paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how widely the field extends!</font><br> 1) (seluttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> offer; give, as a welcome<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaL avarukku ciranda varaveerpe kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The public extended a warm welcome to him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(virivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> expand, as boundaries, power, etc.; enlarge, as a business, an industry, an institution; develop; extend the territory; expand, increase, enlarge; lengthen, widen, broaden, stretch, stretch out, draw<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en vyaabaaratte virivupaTutta pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to extend my business.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put forth or forward; put out (the hand etc.) make longer; lengthen;<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiye niiTTi prasaadatte vaangikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Extend your hand and receive the prasadam.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extended, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiLu)</font> 1 intr 3pn <br> be lengthened; be made larger in space or time<br> !<br> <font size=+1>kayaru niiNTukiTTee poohudee!</font><br> <font size=+1>The rope extends forever!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extenuate</b></font><br> excuse, mitigate, palliate, make allowances/excuses for, defend, vindicate, justify; diminish, lessen, moderate, qualify, play down<br> <font size=+1>Need an example of this usage here, not given by the others.</font><br> <font size=+1>It seems there are extenuating circumstances that rationalize the child's seemingly crazy behavior.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exterminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aziccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> wipe or rub out; efface; destroy; expunge<br> <br> <font size=+1>kosumarundu vaangi naan ellaa kosuvayum aziccuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>After I bought the mosquito repellent, I exterminated all the mosquitoes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extinct, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 2b intr <br> vanish, as a species; be obsolete, as a custom; be dead, as passions<br> <br> <font size=+1>satingra tiiya pazakkam ozinjuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>A vicious custom called 'sattee' is now virtually extinct</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> die out, as a species; vanish, be lost sight of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>pala paravaiyinangkal alintupooyina</font><br> <font size=+1>Many species of birds have become extinct because of poaching</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extinguished, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe)</font> 2b intr <br> be put out, be quenched<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tiiye aNekka taNNi veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need water to get this fire extinguished</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aNenjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> die out, as a fire<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze penjadule neruppu aNenjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fire was extinguished by the rain.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe)</font> 2b intr <br> be put out; be quenched; go out<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLakke aNekka maranduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I forgot to extinguish the lamp.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extinguished, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNenjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be put out, be snuffed out, as a fire, a lamp<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLakku aNenjupoohaama paattukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Watch out that the lamp does not get extinguished.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extirpate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungiyeri)</font> 2b tr <br> root up; pull up by the roots, eradicate<br> <br> <font size=+1>puucci irunda ceTihaLe piTungiyerinjiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I extirpated the plants that were infested with insects.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extol</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meccu)</font> 3 tr <br> praise; eulogize; applaud, acclaim, pay tribute to, laud, exalt, commend, congratulate, celebrate, compliment, glorify, magnify.<br> ? ??<br> <font size=+1>avan eppoodum tannooTeya {? ] meccinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He always extolled the virtues of his theory</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> praise highly; exalt; glorify<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuLe poorri oru paaTTu paaTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Extol God and sing a song.</font><br> 1) t<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kakkaveyyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make s.o. pay back dues ; make s.o. cough up the money owed; obtain by force, threats, or other unfair means<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga enne aTiccu odeccu uNmeye kakkaveccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They beat me up and forced me to tell the truth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(lanjmaa keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> ask or demand bribes; scrounge for, cadge, bum, mooch<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naaTTule enda veele seyyaNumNNaalum sambaLattukku meele paNam lanjamaa keekkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In this country, no matter what job you want done, people extort bribes over and above their regular fees .</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pull out, as a tooth; get oil, juice, etc., by pressure, etc.; take out, as excerpts from a book, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda palle eTuttuTTaa vali pooyiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If we extract this tooth, the pain will go away.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6b tr <br> extort, as money, information, etc.; extract, force, exact, coerce, wring, wrest, squeeze, milk, obtain by blackmail; (inf.) put the screws to/on to obtain. <br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTanga engakiTTerundu paNam parikkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The goondas are extracting money from us.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> pull out, as a tooth, a cork from a bottle; get or manage to get information, secrets, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar palle piTungumboodu ennaala vali taangamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I could not stand the pain when the doctor extracted my tooth.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extraordinary, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asaadaaraNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be remarkable, unusual or exceptional<br> <br> <font size=+1>intiyaavum paakistaanum samatanattai patti peecuvatu asaadaaraNamaaha irukkutu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is extraordinary that India and Pakistan are now talking about peace!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extravagant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uudarittanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a spendthrift; be wasteful, profligate; be improvident or prodigal; be immoderate, squandering, reckless in spending<br> <br> <font size=+1>uudarittanamaa irundadaale en paNamellaam kaaliyaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I was extravagant, my money all went down the tube.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kraakkiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be excessively high, as in prices<br> <font size=+1>The hyperinflation has caused an extravagant rise in fuel prices.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uudaariyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a spendthrift<br> <br> <font size=+1>uudaariyaa irukkaama sikkanamaa irundaadaan paNam seemikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You can save money only if you are not extravagant but thrifty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extreme, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTumeyaa iru)</font> 7 i <br> (of action, speech, behaviour, etc.) be drastic; be rude<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peeccu romba kaTumeyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His speech is very extreme [and goes beyond the bounds of good taste etc.]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>extricate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattikkoo @(sh t)@)</font> 1 tr <br> escape or set o.s. free from difficulties, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niiyeedaan unne kaappaattikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Only you can extricate yourself [from this situation]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> disentangle from s.t., as a tangle of threads<br> , <br> <font size=+1>mirukam pinainda valaiyile cikkiyiruntatu,ate piriccuvida naa muyarcci senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>The animal was caught in a tangle of wires and I tried to extricate it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exuberant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sezi)</font> 6 i <br> be full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness; be lively; high-spirited; be luxuriant; be profuse in growth; be abundant, as vegetation, foliage, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa romba sezippaa vaazndaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father lived exuberantly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTippaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be vigorous; be full of vitality, joy, etc.; be animated, exhilarated, lively, (high-) spirited, buoyant, cheerful, sparkling, full of life, effervescent, vivacious, excited, ebullient, exultant, enth<br> <br> <font size=+1>eLamvayasule tuTippaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should be exuberant, at your young age.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaciya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 t <br> cause to ooze out<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avaLiTam iruntu nampikkai kaciya seeyyitu,atanaale nii avaLe nampure</font><br> <font size=+1>She just exudes great confidence, so you tend to trust her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exult</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ekkaLi)</font> 6 i <br> rejoice, as over a victory; show or feel triumphant elation or jubilation; be overjoyed, be joyful, be jubilant, be elated, be delighted, be ecstatic, jump for joy, revel, be in ecstasy, be on cloud<br> , <br> <font size=+1>racikarkal avangga ani verri aTainja ekkalippanga, adu sila samayatile piraccanaiyile mudiyu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fans really exult when their team wins, and that sometimes leads to trouble</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exultant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gushiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be rejoicing; be elated<br> <br> <font size=+1>preemaa iNNekki gushiyaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Prema is absolutely exultant today.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>eye</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paar)</font> 6 tr <br> look at; view; scrutinize, examine, look at, gaze at, stare at, contemplate, study, survey, view, inspect, scan, glance at, regard, behold; (inf.) eyeball. <br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTatte nallaa paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He eyed the picture closely.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fabricate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. come into existence; create s.t.; engender, cause s.t. to come into existence<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>pLeene modamodalle uNTaakkinadu enda naaTuNNu teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know which country it was where the first airplane was fabricated?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kade kaTTu)</font> 3 tr & tr <br> devise or invent, as a tale, a lie, etc.; fable<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkal katai kaTTi ciruvarkaLukku paadam solli taruvangga</font><br> <font size=+1>People fabricate stories to teach the young</font><br> 1) (kade viTu) 4 ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(jooTi, sooTi)</font> 6b tr <br> fabricate a tale, a story, an accusation, etc.; frame, as a charge; fake, as a document<br> <br> <font size=+1>coodikkapatta kuttattuku avanai ciraiyil adaiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was imprisoned on fabricated charges</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 t <br> make or put together; build; construct; make by assembling; make by faking, forging, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanee oru kadeye uruvaakki ellaareyum uNmaiNNu nambaveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fabricated his own story and made everyone believe that it was true.</font><br> 1) (kade sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(karpane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> invent; imagine; make up, as a story, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTattappaTTadaa ava oru kade karpane senjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She fabricated the whole story about having been abducted!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>face</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paar)</font> 6 tr <br> look or turn toward; be opposite to; look in the direction of<br> <font size=+1>You need to face the facts and admit the truth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(edirle iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be opposite to; be across from<br> <br> <font size=+1>en viiTTule edirle irukkra viiTTule neettu koLLe naTandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>There was a theft in the house facing mine.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paattiru)</font> 7 intr <br> turn or be turned in a certain direction; be opposite; be oriented with the front in a particular direction<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyile paattirukkum viiTTe naan vaanga virumbareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wish to buy the house facing the temple.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(edirkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> face a fact; confront a reality; admit that s.t. is a certain way<br> <br> <font size=+1>praccaneye edirkoNTaadaan ade samaaLikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You can handle the problem only if you face it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn s.t.; turn the face of (a playing card) upward<br> <br> <font size=+1>siiTTe veLLe teriyaama tiruppi vei</font><br> <font size=+1>Face the card in such a way that nobody can see it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>face (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eduttu nil)</font> 5c tr <br> confront; oppose; stand against<br> <br> <font size=+1>innivaraikkum paNNeyaare yaarum eduttu ninnadille</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody has faced down the landlord till now.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>face (it) out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> act boldly in the face of opposition; brave s.t. out or up; keep a stiff upper lip; hang in there<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennaale ivvaLo pooTTiye samaaLikkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't face up to so much competition.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>face (s.o.) down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moreccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> stand up to, cow, overawe, intimidate; scowl, confront<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naan enna tappu senjiTTeen ava eppaTi enne morecci paakkuraa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is she confronting me and facing me down like this--did I do something wrong?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>face down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizttu)</font> 3 t <br> get the better of s.o.; defeat; stare s.o. down; confront s.o.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan taakkunapoo aval avane etittu(vizttu) ninataale avan pinvaanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he came at her, she faced him down and he gave up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> get the better of s.o.; defeat; stare s.o. down; confront s.o.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan taakkiyappa ava avane edittuvizttu niNNadaale avan pinvaanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he came at her, she faced him down and he gave up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>face off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandi)</font> 6b tr <br> confront, as in a debate; oppose or meet defiantly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan pooTTile yaareyum sandikka tayaaraa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is ready to face off anyone in the competition.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>face to (or) toward cf. face onto?</b></font><br> <font size=+1>The building faces onto Central Park and gets a lot of light</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>face up to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNaru)</font> 2 t <br> acknowledge, recognize, as responsibilities, fact, etc.; confront, accept bravely<br> <br> <font size=+1>kumaar tannooTa kaTamaye oNaraama irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Kumar is not facing up to his responsibilities.</font><br> 1) ~(1)~ (kaNTu-koo) 4 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (edir-koo) 1 tr<br> 3) (samaaLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>facilitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkabalamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> make s.t. possible or feasible; be helpful to s.o.; assist the progress of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>seeranooTa veelele avan manevi pakkabalamaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Cheran's wife is facilitating his work [by....]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sulabamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make easy or easier; make less difficult; make smooth/smoother, smooth, smooth the path of, assist, help, aid, expedite, speed up, accelerate, forward, advance, promote, further, encourage.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga iru turaikaLukkule toTarpokale sulabamaakka iraNTaiyu oree kaTTiTattile vaiccanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They put the two departments in the same building to facilitate communication between them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(odavi seyyi @(nb)@)</font> 1 tr <br> help forward; assist; assist the progress of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en munneerratukku odavi senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He facilitated my progress.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> take color from dyeing; impart color (of a dye)<br> <br> <font size=+1>seele saayam piTiccaa oTanee tirumbikoNTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If the saree loses it color, please return it immediately</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(marenjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be effaced, extinct, annihilated, wiped out<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaN munnaale irunda paTam oru kanavu poola marenju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The picture before his eyes faded away like a dream</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 2b intr <br> disappear; cease gradually; sink into obscurity<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaanavillu meduvaa vaanattulerundu marenjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rainbow slowly faded from the sky.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> wither, as a flower, a plant, etc.; lose freshness, vigour, etc.; pine<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooTTattule irunda puuvellaam vaaTiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flowers in the garden have faded away.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become pale, as colour; become dim, as light; lose strength, vigour, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaayccalnaale avan kaNNellaam mangiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes faded because of the fever.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3b intr <br> become dim; lose intensity or brilliance; lose color or pigment<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu maasattukku appram saTTe neram mangum</font><br> <font size=+1>After a couple of months the color of the shirt will fade</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fade away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> die out; disappear, as a feeling, a memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>marundu pooTTadule koppaLam marenju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>After applying the medicine, the blister just faded away.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fade out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> lose volume, as a radio signal; break up, as a cell phone signal<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandukiTTee foonle peesikiTTu irukkradunaale unga peeccooTa toNi korenjikiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Because I am walking and talking into the phone at the same time, your voice is fading out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poyyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> fail to add up to; be unsuccessful in justifying or proving<br> <br> <font size=+1>vakkiilu namma vazakke poyyaakkunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>the lawyer failed to justify our case.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(noTinji poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go bankrupt; become unable to meet debts, etc.; go broke, collapse (as a business); go `belly-up'<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham en vyaabaaram noTinji poocci.</font><br> <font size=+1>My business failed this year.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> prove of no use or help, as monsoon, water supply, wind, word, friends, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham maze engaLeyellaam eemaattiTucciNNu vivasaayinga sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The monsoon has failed us this year, the farmers are saying.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaru)</font> 3 i <br> be unsuccessful (as in an examination) go back on o's word); err; omit or neglect (as a duty)<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaTamaila naan tavariTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I failed in my duty.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(poyyaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> prove false, inaccurate, wrong<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda {\d d}aalarukku muppadu ruupaa-ngra reeTTu poyyaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rate of 30 rupees to the dollar fails to give the correct picture</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe)</font> 2a intr <br> break, crash, as a building, a machine, etc. under load<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiize vizundadule kaTTaTam oTenjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The building failed and collapsed during the earthquake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(tavariTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be unsuccessful (in an exam or test)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan andap pariccayile tavariTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He failed (in) the exam.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(korenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> fall short; be insufficient (as water supply); yield, etc.; dwindle or die away; become less or weakened (as in strength, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadunaala en balam korenju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My strength has failed since I have gotten old.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fail?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLar)</font> 2 i <br> grow weak; lose strength, vigour or power<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>faint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangi vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall down in a faint; swoon, conk out<br> <br> <font size=+1>payyan pasinaale veyyille mayangi vizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The boy fainted from hunger in the heat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakkam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> pass out; swoon, lose consciousness temporarily (as from shock, heat, hunger, loss of blood, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paaTTi neettu tiTiirNu mayakkam pooTTu vizundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>His grandmother suddenly fainted yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>faint, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> feel dizzy, weak, or exhausted; be about to pass out<br> <br> <font size=+1>adirccinaala ava kiize mayangi vizundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She fainted and fell down because of the shock.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr 3pn <br> be weak; grow dim, as sight; fade, as color, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en taattaakku kaNpaarve mangippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather's eyesight has become faint.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tale suttu)</font> 3 intr 3pn + dat <br> feel dizzy; spin (as o's head); swoon, be about to pass out<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku tale suttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I feel faint, dizzy; my head is spinning.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>faint, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ayar)</font> 2 intr <br> fail in strength; feel weak; be exhausted<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar ayaraama ozeccadaaledaan ivvaLavu periya tozircaaleye kaTTamuTinjudu</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fair, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaayamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be just or proper; be unbiased; be fair-minded;be just, even-handed, equitable, impartial, non-partisan, unbiased, unprejudiced; be honest, honorable, trustworthy, upright, decent;<br> <br> <font size=+1>panjaayattu talevar romba nyaayamaa iruppaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The panchayat leader is very fair.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>faithful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNmeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be true; be steady in allegiance; be thorough in doing o's duty, etc.; be reliable<br> <br> <font size=+1>seyyara tozilukku uNmeyaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>One should be faithful to the work he/she does.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>faithless, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosam seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> be disloyal; be false or treacherous; be unreliable<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiri arasare moosam senjiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister has been faithless to the king.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadangu seyyi@(nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dissemble or feign in order to avoid an unpleasant task, dodge work etc.; make so as to deceive<br> <br> <font size=+1>vali irukkra maadiri muraLi paasaangu seyyaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Murali is faking being in pain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paasaangu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> pretend; simulate; counterfeit, forge, sham, imitate, be fraudulent, false, bogus, spurious, pseudo<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTambu sariyilleNNu paasaangu senju raamu paLLikki poohamaaTTeengraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu is faking, acting like he's not well and refusing to go to school</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pooli tayaari)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> prepare an imitation, a copy, or a fake; do s.t. bogus, fraudulent, a sham; counterfeit<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooli ruubaa nooTTe tayaariccavangaLe kaavaltore kaidu senjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police arrested those who faked the rupee notes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fake out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> deceive; hoodwink; cheat, defraud<br> <br> <font size=+1>marudu engaLeyellaam eemaattiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Marudu has faked us out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fake, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooliyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be false, unreal or not genuine; be of dubious origin<br> <br> <font size=+1>inge vikkara poruL ellaamee pooliyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>All the goods sold here are fake--they're all knock-offs.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poyyaa iru)</font> {7 intr <br> be false, be unreal, untrue or not genuine; be bogus or phoney<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan velinaadiliruntu marundu vaangkinaan, aanaa atuyellam poyyaaka irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He ordered medications from abroad, but they were all fake</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tongu)</font> 3 intr <br> hang down, as hair<br> <br> <font size=+1>talemuTi niiLamaa irukkradunaale ade tongaviTaama piNNiveyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Since your hair is long, don't let if fall; plait it.</font><br> 1) (vaaTu) 3 intr<br> 2) (sari) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(udir)</font> 6 tr <br> cause to fall or shed, as leaves, fruits, etc.; shed, as tears; let fall, as words<br> j <br> <font size=+1>inda kaalattule marattulerundu yele udirradu sahajam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is common at this time of year for leaves to fall from the trees.</font><br> 1) (uhu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sari)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to slope, slide or roll; topple, as a government; cause to fall, as prices<br> <br> <font size=+1>malelerundu paareyellaam sarinji kiize vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rocks fell down from the mountain.</font><br> 1) (koTTu) 3 intr 3pn<br> 2) (erangu) 3 intr<br> 3) (vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(peyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> fall, as dew or rain; condense<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>eppa pani peyya aarambikkum?</font><br> <font size=+1>When will the dew fall?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b intr 3pn <br> (of rain, etc.) beat down; lash or pour down; rain cats and dogs; rain heavily<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze kaalelerundu viTaama aTiccukiTTurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Rain has been falling non-stop since morning.</font><br> 1) (keTe) 6b intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> flow into, as a river<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeTTi aattule vizundiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dhoti fell off into the river.</font><br> 1) (sari) 2b intr<br> 2) (tongu) 3 intr<br> 3) ~( g)~ (vaa) 2c intr<br> 4) (taTukki vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) ~( g)~</B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2c intr 3pn + dat <br> come by chance or by lot, as a prize, a windfall, etc; come by right, as inheritance<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda sottu enakku vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The property fell to me.</font><br> 1) (vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall (down, away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> yield to temptation; lose o's innocence or chastity; lose o's way; go downhill; go off the deep end, worsen<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava amerikkaa poonadukkappuram keTTa pazakkatteyellaam kattukiTTu keTTuppooyiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>After coming to America, she has fallen away [from the straight and narrow] and has learned all kinds of bad habits.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall among</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuungiviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> happen to come among<br> <font size=+1>When he got to the city, he fell among thieves.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall asleep</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuungiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> go to sleep, esp. inadvertently<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayille eerinavoTanee naan tuungiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I fell asleep as soon as I boarded the train.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall asleep?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> doze off; fall into sleep<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> leave; desert; go away; abandon<br> <font size=+1>He used to be a devout Christian, but he has fallen away from the faith</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go aside; go further away; withdraw from, retreat from, make way for<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga kuuTTatte aampulansukku vaziviTTu taLLi pooha sonnoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We asked the crowd to fall back in order to let the ambulances through</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall back on (cf. fall back}</b></font><br> <font size=+1>We had no more monetary resources to fall back on, so we had to default on the loan</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall back to (cf. fall back)}</b></font><br> <font size=+1>After that defeat, the army fell back to a previous position</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall back/behind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLarcci kore)</font> 2b intr <br> be slack or less in growth or development<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>naam ?? kaTanda raNTu varushangaLaa vaLarcciyile korenju irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Our company has fallen behind in growth in the last two years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall behind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnaTe (pinvaangu?))</font> 2 i <br> lag behind; drop to the rear<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaTTanattile pinnaTaindu rommpa kaTanile irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has fallen behind in his payments and is seriously in debt</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> delay, as the payment of a debt, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>niingga kaTTanam celuttaame taamaticca,vangi parimutal cenjiviTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you fall behind in your payments, the bank will have to foreclose.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(baakki vecciru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unable to keep up with doing s.t.; lag behind in paying, working, writing, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelele baakki veccirukka enakku piTikkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't like falling behind in my work.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall down (on the job)?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> disappoint; do s.t. inadequately<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vizunduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> tumble or trip down; fall short of o's expectations<br> <font size=+1>He was expected to produce great results, but has fallen down on the job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall due</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaydaa vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> become due or overdue; be up (as time); reach a deadline<br> <br> <font size=+1>onga reNTaam tavaNekki sevvaay vaaydaa varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Your second instalment comes (or) falls due on Tuesday.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall flat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toottuppoo)</font> 2 i <br> fail totally, as a scheme, a project, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tiTTam muzusaa toottiriccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His plan fell flat and failed totally.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall flat?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) - </B> <font size=+1>(capp-NNu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> fail to achieve the desired effect, as a joke, a plan<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu paTatin muTivu cappNNu irunduci</font><br> <font size=+1>The ending in the new movie fell flat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall for s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parikuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> fall in love with; give o's heart to s.o.; be or fall head over heels in live with<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ava kiTTe nenje pari-kuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fell for her, hook, line and sinker.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall for s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosam poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be deceived by<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avankiTTe moosam pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I fell for it (his line, scheme, etc.).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall foul of?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mootikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> come into collision; collide; quarrel with; run afoul of s.t.<br> <font size=+1>After he fell among thieves, he fell foul of the law.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varisele nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> get into a line, as soldiers; line up<br> <br> <font size=+1>pasanga ellaarum varisele niNNaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The students fell in(to) line.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall in love</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neesikka aarambu)</font> 3 tr <br> begin to love; become fond of, infatuated with<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa azahule mayangi avaLe neesikka aarambiccuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was enchanted by her beauty and started to fall in love with her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall in love with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadali)</font> 6b tr <br> love<br> <br> <font size=+1>taan kaadalicca poNNeyee avan kalyaaNam senjukiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He married the girl he loved.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neesi)</font> 6b tr <br> love, as a woman, a child, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippellaam poNNe neesikkradu kuttamNu aayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays, it has become a crime to fall in love with a girl.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall in with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppukkoo @(sh tr )@)</font> 1 tr <br> agree to; yield; fall in line with<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeccuvaartte muTivule avar enga tiTTattukku oppukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>At the end of the talks, he fell in with our plan</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall in with?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paakka neer)</font> 2 t 3pn <br> happen to meet or encounter<br> <font size=+1>(I would say "fall in with thieves" or "a bad lot" but not as "happen to meet or encounter")</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazaka neer)</font> 2 tr 3pn <br> happen to associate with; become familiar with s.o. by chance<br> <font size=+1>In school he fell in with the</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siirazi)</font> 2 i <br> be disgraced, descend into disgrace<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaladi ooTippoonadunaale enga kuTumbagauravam siirazinjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our family honor has fallen into disgrace since Malathi eloped</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall into s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> get into a conversation, a debate, a discussion, bad habits<br> <br> <font size=+1>vivaadattule erangiTTaa baalaakku neeram pooradee teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Bala loses sense of time when he falls into a debate.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(korenjiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dwindle; grow less or smaller; drop (as a sum, total); diminish<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLikki varra pasanga korenjiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The (number of) students coming to the school has fallen off</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taaz)</font> 2 intr <br> slope, as land; decline, slope downwards<br> <br> <font size=+1>nadikkaraiye naame arukurapoo nilam taazntu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The land falls off here as we approach the riverbank.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(korenjipoo)</font> 3b intr <br> dwindle; become fewer or smaller; deteriorate; decline, go down, drop<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu maasattule arisiyooTa vele korenjipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The price of rice has fallen off in the last two months.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall off?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1)~</B> <font size=+1>(vilakikkoo@(1)@)</font> 4 intr <br> separate; withdraw<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 intr <br> attack; assault; injure<br> <br> <font size=+1>marma aasaami oruttan enne kattiyaale taakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>A mysterious man attacked me with a knife.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall on?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nikaza)</font> 2 i <br> happen; occur by chance<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinjiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> happen; turn out; occur;<br> <br> <font size=+1>goopiyum lalitaavum saNTe pooTTu pirinjiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>After their disagreement, Gopi and Lalitha fell out completely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall out with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTepooTTukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> quarrel with; disagree with; disagree or have a difference of opinion with<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ava kiTTe saNTe pooTTu-kiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I had a falling out with her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toolviyaTe)</font> 2 intr <br> fail; come to nothing; be unsuccessful<br> <br> <font size=+1>en moyarciyellaam toolviyaTenjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All my attempts fell through.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> come to nothing; fail; go to hell, go to pot<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paTiccadellaam viiNaayiTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My studies have fallen through and come to nothing.</font><br> 1) (paaz-aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(talele vizu)</font> 4 intr <br> befall; begin, start; have a task fall on on's shoulders<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare veelelerundu niikkaveeNTiya poruppu en talele vizunduriccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The unpleasant task of firing him from the job fell to me .</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neer)</font> 2 intr <br> have an unpleasant task thrust upon one<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan anda kaariyatte seyya neendadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It fell to me to do that job.</font><br> 1) (~talaimeel viz}\rt{) le (or) tale meele v<br> 2) (inf. + neendu-Tu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall under</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be included within; come under<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pustahattule inglish pattina paaTamum aTangiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Among the lessons in this book there are some that fall under the topic 'English'.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pirivuru)</font> 4 intr <br> be classified as<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTahu draaviTa mozile tendraaviTa vahele pirivuTrirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Kodagu falls under the south Dravidian rubric of the Dravidian family of languages.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poruppaaku)</font> 3 i <br> be the concern or responsibility of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veeleyum ippa en poruppaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>This work now falls under my responsibilities.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fall?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuur)</font> 2 i <br> envelop, come upon or descend, as darkness, quiet, fear, etc.<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sari?)</font> 2b intr <br> topple, as a government<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaree vaaraggaaLile aracu aacciyilirundu sarindicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The government fell after only six weeks in office.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nehaz?)</font> 2 i <br> happen; come to pass or occur<br> <br> <font size=+1>neneccadu poolavee ellaam nehaztuchi</font><br> <font size=+1>Everything fell in place as anticipated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>false, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooliyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be not genuine; be fake; be counterfeit, forged, sham, imitation, fraudulent, false, bogus, spurious, pseudo; (inf.) be phony, hokey<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peeccu romba pooliyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His speech is so false.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be incorrect; be erroneous, wrong; be in error, be mistaken<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan sonnadu tappaa irunda enne tiruttunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Correct me if what I said is false.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poyyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be not true; be wrong; be deceptive, be a lie; be unfaithful<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda saamiyaar solradellaam poyyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>All that the holy man says is turning out to be false.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(drooham seyyi @(nb)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be treacherous, disloyal or unfaithful<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava eNNekum avanukku drooham seyyamaaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She will never be false to him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>falsified, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poyyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be disproved; be proved to be false<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirkaTci vakkiil sonnadellaam ippa poyyaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All that the opposing lawyer said has now been shown to be falsified.</font><br> 1) (poyyaa poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiri@rb tr@)</font> 4 intr <br> be made false, as accounts, etc.; be misrepresented, as facts, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>abu graayible naTanda aTTuziyatte tiricci seedi veLiyiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The facts about the atrocities at Abu Ghraib were falsified in the news reports.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>falsify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirutti viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make false or alter, as a record, accounts, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>beenk chekke tirutti viTaradu kuttam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is a crime to falsify a bank check.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiri)</font> 6b tr <br> misrepresent; represent falsely; spin<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandade tiricci peesaadiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't falsify the facts of what happened.</font><br> 1) (maatt-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>falter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tikki tenari sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> utter s.t. hesitatingly; stammer out; stutter, stumble over o's words, hesitate, pause, halt, splutter<br> <br> <font size=+1>avasarattule avan vishayatte tikki tenari sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>As he was in a hurry, he faltered somewhat in talking about the incident</font><br> 1) (teNaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> stumble over o's words; speak hesitatingly, stumble, stutter<br> <br> <font size=+1>talele aTipaTTappuram enakku peeccu taTumaarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A fter I got hurt in the head, my speech tends to falter somewhat</font><br> 1) (taLL-aaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>famed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peyar vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> (of people, things) be well-known; have a wide reputation<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarkiTTayum nalla peer vaangaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should be famed among everyone.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>familiar, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukkamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be intimate or close with s.o.; be well-known, be intimate<br> <br> <font size=+1>sankarukku nerukkamaa irundavangaLeyum pooliis kaidu senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police arrested those who were familiar to Shankar also.</font><br> 1) (pariccayamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(daaraaLamaa pazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be social, move easily with s.o.; be at home with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalaa ellaarkiTTeyum daaraaLamaa pazahuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Kala is familiar with people, and moves easily with everyone.</font><br> 1) (nerungi pazahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be well-known; be acquainted with, as a person, a subject, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNadaasane patti avarukku nereye terinjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He is very familiar with Kannadasan.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>familiarize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjikoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> pick up acquaintance with s.o.; learn, as a new language, the use of a new tool, etc.; make o.s. familiar or conversant with<br> <br> <font size=+1>pariiksheykki arasiyale pattiyum terinjikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>For the exam, you should familiarize yourself with politics too.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakkappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring into common use; make s.o. familiar with, as a new machinery, etc.; train s.o. or an animal to do or use s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurle vaaza siikkaramee niinga ungaLe pazakkappaTuttikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>To live in this city, you should familiarize yourself with it as fast as possible.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>famished, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vayitte kiLLu)</font> 3 intr + dat <br> feel the pinch of hunger; be very hungry, be ravenous<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukkup pasi vayittek kiLLudu</font><br> <font size=+1>She is absolutely famished</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaanjikeTa)</font> 2b intr <br> be hungry; suffer from great hunger; be malnourished<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettulerundu taNNii oNavu illaama avan kaanjikeTakkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is famished, since he has had no water or food since yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pasi)</font> 6b intr + dat <br> be hungry; be suffering from hunger<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku pasiccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was famished.</font><br> 1) (kaanji-pooy-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(uyir poo)</font> 3b intr + dat <br> suffer from great hunger; die for (food)<br> , <br> <font size=+1>oru naaL puuzaa veele senjadukku-appram, avanukku uyir poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>After a hard day's work, he was famished.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>famous be,</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arumeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be excellent; be first-rate; be well-known<br> <br> <font size=+1>saravaNabavan doose arumeyaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The dosai in Saravana Bhavan is famous.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>famous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puhazperu)</font> 1 i <br> be well-known; be famed<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirkaalattule elloorum padinenju nimishangaLukku puhazperuvaangaNNu eeNTi vaarhaal sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>In the future, everyone will be famous for 15 minutes, said Andy Warhol.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>famous, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(prabalamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be widely known; be celebrated; be reputed<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiirNu anda nahekkaTe prabalamaayiTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>That jewelry shop has suddenly become famous.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pohazaTe)</font> 2 i <br> be reputed, well-known or distinguished<br> <br> <font size=+1>arundati raay taan ezudina oree pustahattaale pohazaTenjiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Arundhati Roy has become famous because of the one book she wrote.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fan</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(visirikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cool o.s. with a fan or the like<br> <br> <font size=+1>karrenT illaadadaale inda pustahattaale visirikko</font><br> <font size=+1>Since there's no electricity, fan yourself with this book.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(visiru)</font> 3 tr <br> cause air to blow upon; cool s.o. with a fan; cause a fire to flare up<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTTikki visiriviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>[Do] your grandmother [a favor and] fan [her].</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fan out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> spread out; be disseminated, be dispersed<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaTTuttii veehamaa kaaTTule paraviccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The forest fire fanned out and spread quickly through the woods</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fan?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> winnow with a winnowing fan (in the open air)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattuLLe poode tuuttuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fan when the wind blows. (Make hay while the sun shines)?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fancy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neNettuppaar)</font> 6 tr <br> suppose; picture to o.s.; imagine<br> <br> <font size=+1>niiyum anda paTattule naTiccaa eppaTi irukkumNu neNeccippaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Fancy how (good) it will be if you too act in that movie.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTu)</font> 3 tr dat strt <br> have a fancy for; take a liking to; prefer, want<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kaale tifanukku onakku enna veeNum?</font><br> <font size=+1>What kind of snack would you like (or) fancy?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fantasize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 4 intr + dat <br> be under the impression that; be inclined to suppose; look as though<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava varamaaTTaaNNu avanukku paTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He allowed himself to fantasize that she would not come.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fantastic, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vicittiramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fanciful, grotesque or strange; be unusual or wild<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga sonna kade vicittiramaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The story you have mentioned is just too fantastic.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fantastic, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nampamuTiyaatiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be incredible; be fanciful or irrational<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(acaadaaraNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be extraordinary; be incredible; be uncommonly good<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>far (off), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(duuramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be spatially remote, be distant<br> <br> <font size=+1>ingerundu kaTe duuramaa irukkradunaale naTandu poohamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the shop is far from here, we can't get there on foot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>far off, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be distant; be remote in time<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>far out (be)?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nampamuTiyaatiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be extraordinary, fantastic, beyone belief; be radical, innovative, cool<br> <font size=+1>His music is really far out; you have to hear it to believe it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> get on; perform, as in an exam or interview<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paricceyile nallaa senjirikkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I fared pretty well in the exam.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> happen; turn out; experience, as in a journey<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaam nallaave naTandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everything fared very well.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> happen; turn out, as in a business, exam<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>vyaabaaramellaam eppaTi irukku?</font><br> <font size=+1>How are you faring in your business?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fare well</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa naTa)</font> 7 intr 3pn <br> be unsucessful or unfortunate; go wrong<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda podukkuuTTam sariyaa naTakkale</font><br> <font size=+1>That meeting did not fare well.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>farm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payir seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cultivate; use land for growing crops; grow crops<br> 0 <br> <font size=+1>avan avanooTa naappadu eekkaraa nelatte payir seyraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He farms his 40 acres of land.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vevasaayam sey @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do agricultural work, farming; operate a farm; be a farmer<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTan vivasaayam senji pezaccikiTTu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Madan farms for a living</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttahe eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take land or s.t. on lease; do tenant farming<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru nelatte kuttahe eTuttu vevasaayam seyyappooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is going to lease some land and farm it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(payiriTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cultivate crops<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta maasattulerundu payiriTara kaalam aarambam aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>The season for farming crops will start next month.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>farm out?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuulikku viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> let s.t. out for hire; hire out; outsource<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veelaiye yarukkaavadu kuulikku viTa veNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to farm out this work to somebody else</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayi piriya viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> break wind<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fascinate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> charm, mesmerize, bewitch or attract<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaL vayalin vaasicca laavaham ellaareyum mayakkiyatu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ease with which she played the violin fascinated everyone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fascinated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sokku)</font> 3 intr <br> be charmed, enchanted or absorbed in<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava azahu enne sokkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her beauty fascinated me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be charmed or enchanted; be enamoured; be confused<br> <br> <font size=+1>puuvooTa azahule avaru mayangiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He was fascinated by the beauty of the flowers.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vasappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be captivated or enchanted; come under the power or influence of; lose o.s. in<br> <br> <font size=+1>selvaa deeviyooTa azahule vasappaTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Selva became fascinated with Devi's beauty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fashion</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ameccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> adapt; use s.t. for s.t. else; construct, remake<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakkuNNu naan oru puduu naarkaaliye ameccukiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I fashioned a new chair for myself [out of s.t. else]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make; form; shape s.t. out of s.t. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalluleyum kale seyyamuTiyumgradukku nereye aadaaram irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There is a lot of evidence to show that one can fashion art out of stone.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fashionable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaharimaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be stylish, conforming to the fashion; be liked by people of fashion<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippoodu viiTTil pudiya alangkaara samayallare iruppatu naaharihamaaha irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's very fashionable now to have new fancy kitchens in your home</font><br> 1) (sTaylaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2)x (faeshanaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noonbu iru)</font> 7i <br> go without any or certain kinds of food, as a religious duty<br> <br> <font size=+1>ovvoru paurNamiyaNNikum ava noonbu irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She fasts on every full-moon day.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uNNaaviradam iru)</font> 7 intr <br> abstain from food, as a religious duty, as a form of political protest, or for other reasons<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirkaTcikkaaranga iNNekki uNNaaviradam irundu pooraaTTam seyyappooraangaLaam</font><br> <font size=+1>I hear that the opposition party members are going to fast today in protest.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saapiTaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> deliberately go without food; temporarily abstain from food<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu naaLdaan unnaale saapiTaama irukkamuTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How many days can you keep on fasting?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTini keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> go without food; abstain from food<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTTini keTandu oTambe keTuttukkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't spoil your health by fasting.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fast, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(udaariyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a spendthrift; lead a carefree, wild life<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNam senjukaravare avan uudaariyaa irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was very fast [with his money] till he got married.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vehamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be rapid, quick, speedy<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda Trein evvaLavu veehamaa irukku!</font><br> <font size=+1>This train is so fast!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veehamaa ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of a watch, clock) be in advance; be ahead of time; run rapidly or quickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaTihaaram anju nimisham veehamaa ooTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That clock is 5 minutes fast.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fast, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudiyaahu)</font> 3i <br> be or become firm, strong or secure<br> , <br> <font size=+1>puyal ooTangkaLe aaTTiyadu, aanaa kayaru urudiyaaha irundichi</font><br> <font size=+1>The storm rocked the boats furiously, but the ropes held fast</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> be permanent; be durable; be fast, as color, dyes, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tooccadukkappuramum inda saTTeyooTa neram nikkumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Will the color of this shirt be fast even after washing?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fasten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tie (up); string up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paNappaiye izuttu kaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fastened the money-bag tightly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> hook s.t.<br> ( ) ; <br> <font size=+1>nii un saTTaiye (ozunggaa) pooTu; battan pirinjiTu vantirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to fasten your shirt; the buttons have become undone!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taaz pooTu)</font> 4t <br> bolt, as the door, window, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuungaradukku munnaale kadavukku taaz pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fasten the door before you go to sleep.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bind; pack; tie up, as an animal to a peg<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaTTe marattule kaTTivayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Fasten the goat to the tree.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> close, as a window, a door, a box<br> j <br> <font size=+1>kuLirkaattu aTikkudu jannale muuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>A cold breeze is blowing, so fasten the window.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> lock up, as a door or a box<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTukkadave puuTTiTTu veLLe poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Fasten the door (of the house) before going out.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(irukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make tight or fast; tie up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan muTicce kayaNTu varaame irukinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fastened the knot so it wouldn't come loose.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fasten down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten to a horizontal surface; bind; tie; batten down<br> <br> <font size=+1>innikku rattiri kanama kaattu viica poovataale naama kuuTaaratte nalla kaTTa veeNNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We'd better fasten our tents down firmly because there'll be a strong wind tonight.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fasten one's eyes on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vericci paar)</font> 6 tr <br> gaze at; focus on; stare at; fix o's gaze<br> <br> <font size=+1>paittiyam enne vericci paattudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The madman fastened his eyes upon me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNe padi)</font> 6b tr <br> stare at, fix o's eyes, as on s.o. or s.t.; look at s.o. fixedly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en meele kaNNe padiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fixed his eyes on me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fasten s.t. on or around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti kaTTi koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> fasten s.t. or s.o. round; fasten, as a dhoti, with or without a belt<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeTTiye sutti kaTTi kiTTu karaikaLe uLLee sorikiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fasten the dhoti around your waist, and tuck the ends in</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fasten up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten s.t. to a vertical surface; hang s.t. up<br> <br> <font size=+1>indap paTatte ange maaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fasten this picture up there.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fastened, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 2b intr <br> be fixed, as o's sight or attention upon s.t.; be coupled firmly, as two planks of wood in joining<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kaNNu ava meela padinji irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes were fastened on her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fat (become)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paruttuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become fleshy, stout or heavy<br> <br> <font size=+1>amerikkaa poonappuram lalitaa paruttuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Lalitha got fat after she went to America.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fat, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozutturu)</font> 7 intr <br> be very fat; be fattened, as a animal, etc.; be thick or well-filled as a purse<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naay nalla kozutturukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This dog is fat.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fat, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTe kuuTu)</font> 3 intr + dat <br> gain weight, fatten (up)<br> <br> <font size=+1>eTe kuuTaama irukka denamum kaalele ooTareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I run every morning so that I don't get fat.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fat, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTi)</font> 4 intr <br> become heavy or stout<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tange viiTTule okkaandu veele seyyaama tiNNu tiNNu taTicuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My sister sits at home, does nothing, eats nonstop, and has become very fat.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fatal, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naasamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> destroy, ruin, cause misfortune<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadinga viisiya guNTu nareya kaTTaTangaLe naasamaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bombs hurled by the terrorists were fatal for a lot of ?people?</font><br> 1) (uyirukku aabatt-aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keeTukaalam piTicciru)</font> 7 intr + dat <br> be in for a bad time; be on the road to ruin; be under bad stars<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku keeTukaalam piTiccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Misfortune has caught up with him; he is in for a bad time; he is jinxed.</font><br> 1) (paaz paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(talaivitiyaaku)</font> 3b intr 3pn <br> be fated or destined; be so written<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>anda vibattu avan talevidi (aahum)</font><br> <font size=+1>That accident occurred because of his fate; That accident was fated to occur to him. (both used usu. in unfavourable sense)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saavukku kaaraNamaayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> bring about death; be the cause of s.o.'s death.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>sigreT piTikkradu avan saavukku kaaraNamaa irundadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>The cause of his death was smoking: smoking was fatal for him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fatal, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyirukku aapattaaka iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a danger or risk to o's life; cause danger to o's life<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTiccitu vaNTi ooTTuna uyirukku aapattaaka irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Drinking and driving can be fatal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fatalistic, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vidiyeeNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> hold the attitude of fatality or the doctrine of fatalism; be resigned; have a negative, or pessimistic attitude about s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>vidiyeeNNu illaama vidiye madiyaale jeyikkappaaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't be fatalistic--try to overcome fate using your intellect!</font><br> 1)( ) ((kaTavuL) viTTavazi-NNu iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fateful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vidivasamaahu)</font> 3b intr 3 pn <br> be connected with fate or destiny; have consequences for o's destiny, as a meeting, an occurrence, a period<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda sandippu vidivasamaanadu</font><br> <font size=+1>That meeting was fateful.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mukkiyamaahu)</font> 3b intr 3pn <br> be important; be momentous<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vishayam kuuTa arasiyalvaadingaLaale mukkiyamaayiTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Even small things are treated as fateful by the politicians.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fathom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aazampaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> gauge, probe, estimate; fathom or sound the depth of (s.o.); find out the real nature of; get to the bottom of s.t.; investigate the origins of a problem; understand, comprehend, work out, make sense<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaval toreyaaLar anda tiivaravaadiyooTa tiruTTu eNNangaLe visaaraNeyle aazampaakka muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The police official could not totally fathom the criminal intent of the terrorist in the interrogation.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aazamkkaaNu)</font> 5 intr <br> measure, sound or touch the bottom of sea, etc.; sound or measure the depth of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan keeTTa keeLvinga avaLooTa eNNatte aazangaNTadu poola amenjuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The questions he asked seemed to fathom the depths of her intentions.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aazam kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> find or measure the depth of river, sea, well, pit, crater, etc.; understand, comprehend, work out, make sense of, grasp, divine, puzzle out, get to the bottom of; interpret, decipher, decode<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda aruviyooTa aazam kaNTupiTikka nibuNarunga vandurukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Experts have come in to fathom the depth of this river.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(parintukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> understand, comprehend; get to the bottom of, as an event, a person's motive, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan senjadu naan parinjikamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I just can't fathom what he did.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fatigue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLeppu uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause fatigue; cause to feel fatigued, tired, exhausted, worn out<br> <br> <font size=+1>niiccal siikkaramee kaLeppu uNTaakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Swimming fatigues you quickly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLeppaTeya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1t <br> cause to fatigue; cause to feel tired or weary<br> <br> <font size=+1>veehamaa ooTinadu enne kaLeppaTeye senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Running fast fatigued me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fatigued, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLeppaa iru)</font> 7 intr + dat <br> be tired or exhausted; look or feel tired and weary<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaLeppaa irundaan; avanukku kaLeppaa irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was (or felt) fatigued.</font><br> 1) (asa(r)ndu poo) 3 intr 3pn + dat (us<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aluttu poo)</font> 3b intr 3pn (usu + p <br> become weary; become discouraged, fed up (w. s.t.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku aluttu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I am tired, fed up.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fatigued, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soornduTu (soonduTu?))</font> 4 intr <br> grow weary or exhausted; be tired and worn out<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaayccal vandadule seeran soornduTTaan (soonduTTaan?)</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of the fever, Cheran became very fatigued</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fatten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sade piTicciru)</font> 7 intr + dat <br> put on flesh; become plump or heavy<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippadaan un oTambule sade piTiccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Only recently have you gotten fattened up somewhat.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozu)</font> 6 intr <br> grow fat; become plump<br> <br> <font size=+1>miinaa kalyaaNattukkappuram kozuttuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Meena has fattened after marriage.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fatten?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozukka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make fat; fatten up, as sheep for slaughter<br> <font size=+1>They used to fatten sheep or cows just before slaughtering them, to make a better feast</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fatty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozuppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> contain excessive fat, as muscle, food, meat, soup, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda koozikkari romba kozuppaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This chicken is too fatty for me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fatuous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTattanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be silly; be inane; be almost devoid of meaning; be vapid, empty (as words); be vacantly senseless; be purposeless, idiotic.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan yoosane maTattanamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His idea is simply fatuous.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fault</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam sol)</font> 3c tr, tr <br> find fault with; blame; criticise; find s.t.. wrong with s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku kuttam solliyee pazakkamaayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>She is used to faulting everything.</font><br> 1) (tappu sollu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fault, find</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cavil; complain; find fault with; look for the fly in the ointment; criticize, cavil, pick on, quibble, censure, reproach, nag; inf. nitpick.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLaale enda kaaruyattuleyum kuttam kaNTupiTikkaama irukka muTiyaadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>She can't refrain from finding fault with everything and everybody</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>faulty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa iru)</font> 7 intr 3pn <br> be wrong; contain faults, mistakes or errors; be without value<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ezudinadellaam tappaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Everything you have written is faulty.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pezeyaa iru)</font> 7i 3pn <br> be full of faults or defects<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTTaTattooTa ameppu romba pezayaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The design of this building is faulty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>favor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saluhe kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> act with partiality; prefer one thing to another; bestow favors on some but not others<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalaaLi poNNungaLukku mattram saluhe kaaTTaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss tends to favor the women</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saayalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have the likeness of; show the same features of<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda cinna poNNu ammaavooTa saayalaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The little girl favors her mother</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(virumpu)</font> 3 tr <br> prefer; like; choose; lean toward<br> [...] <br> <font size=+1>[ ....] enakku kaNNane piTikkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>In terms of job candidates, I favor Kannan.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aadari)</font> 6b tr <br> support, show favor to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga avane aadariccaanga, avanga avanukku aadaravu kuTuttaanga (or) tandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They always favoured him and gave him the benefit of the doubt;</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aruLpuri)</font> 2tr <br> patronise; grace; grant, as a prayer<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuLdaan onakku aruLpuriyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Only God can favor you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>favorable, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nanmeyaahu)</font> 3 i <br> become advantageous; take a favourable turn;<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maasam maze penjadu vevasaayingaLukku romba nanmeyaa amenjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>After the rain this month, conditions have become more favorable for the farmers.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(caadahamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be helpful, advantageous or convenient;<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelame ippo enakku saadahamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The situation now is favorable to me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fawn (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzai)</font> 2b intr <br> win favor by servile, obsequious behavior or speech; lay it on thick; suck up to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ava kiTTe kozenjaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>He fawned over her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>faze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> worry; trouble; bother (usually used in the neg. imp.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan romba buttisaaliyaa irundadunaale pariccekkellaam alaTTikkoLLaame iruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Because he was so bright, exams didn't faze him a bit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayappaTu)</font> 4 intr + ~paarttu~ <br> be frightened of; feel fear of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avane paattu bayappaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was afraid of him; feared him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaleppaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be anxious about or for; have concern or uneasy feeling about;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan(ooTa) edirkaalatte paattu (or) kaNTu (or) patti ava kavalepaTTaa.</font><br> <font size=+1>She feared for his future</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(anju)</font> 3 tr <br> regard w. reverence and awe, as god<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuLe anju, kaTavuL-kiTTe bayapatti kaaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fear God; show reverence to Him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fear for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payppaTu)</font> 4 tr + ~pa66i~ patti <br> be afraid for s.o. or s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava avane patti, avan uyire patti bayapaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She feared for him and his life.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fearful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be alarmed, afraid, terrified<br> . <br> <font size=+1>varra pariTceye nenecci ennooTa tambi rombavum payappaTuraan. eeNNee teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know why my brother is so fearful about the upcoming examination</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(bayandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be afraid, scared, or frightened;<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan bayandirukkaan; avanukku bayamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He is fearful, frightened, scared</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fearless, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNiccalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bold; be brave; be without fear; be intrepid<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorla viiranga tuNiccalaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The soldiers should be fearless in war.</font><br> 1) (bayam illaame iru) 7 intr<br> 2) yamaa iru|<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(bayappaTaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without fear; be unafraid, intrepid<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda neerattuleyum bayappaTaama irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>One should be fearless at all times.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feasible, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 2b intr 3pn + dat <br> be able to be done, be doable.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide seyya muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>This can be done, it's feasible</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saattiyappaTu)</font> {7i <br> be probable; be likely, as of a theory; be practicable, as of a plan.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>aTutta maasam anjaam teedi ongaLukku saattiyappaTumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is the fifth of next month feasible for you?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virundu saappuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> have a feast; partake of a feast; dine sumptuously<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNattukku vandavanga ellaarum virundu saapTuTudaan poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone who came to the wedding feasted and then left.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(virundu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give, put on a feast; entertain with a feast; potlatch<br> <br> <font size=+1>virundaaLingaLukku en ammaa virundu kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother put on a feast for the guests.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feature</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mukkiya paahattule vaa)</font> 3 i <br> (of film and stage actors) appear in as an important role<br> j <br> <font size=+1>paTattooTa mukkiya paahattule rajini vandaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Rajini was featured at an important stage in the movie.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feature?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mukkiya amcam aaku)</font> 3 i <br> be an important part of; be a prominent characteristic of<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fed up with, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(calittu viTu)</font> 4 intr + dat <br> be tired, bored or disgusted with, or intolerant of s.t.; have had it with s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>on kaaraNangaLe keeTTu keeTTu enakku aluttuTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>I am fed up with (hearing) your excuses, explanations, etc.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aluttup poo)</font> 3b intr + dat <br> be(come) bored with, tired of, or intolerant of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kade enakku aluttu poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>I am fed up with this story</font><br> 1) (aluttuTu) 4 intr + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aluppu vanduTu)</font> 4 intr + dat <br> be disgusted or bored with, or intolerant of s.o. or s.t.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avameele (adu meele) avanukku salippu vanduTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>He was fed up with her (it)</font><br> 1) (salicci poo) 3b intr + dat<br> 2) (salippu vanduTu, vandiTu) 4 intr + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>federate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTaaTci ame)</font> 6 tr <br> confederate; form a polity or join under a central federal government.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiznaaTTule kuuTTaaTci amekkradu kashTamNu silabeer solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Forming a federation in Tamilnadu would be difficult, many people say</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feeble, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazungu)</font> 3 intr 3pn <br> (of mind and feeling) grow dull or weak; become senile<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan butti mazungiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>his intellect (spirit) has grown feeble</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nali)</font> 2b intr <br> (of people) become physically frail or financially weak<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nalinjiyTTaan (or) nalinjipooyTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has grown feeble and weak.</font><br> 1) (nalinju poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (taLaru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meli)</font> 2b intr <br> grow weak or thin; lose weight and strength;<br> <br> <font size=+1>ozungaa sappiTaadadunaale avan oTambu melinjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His body grew feeble because of not eating properly.</font><br> 1) (taLandu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr 3 pn <br> (of mind, sight, and light) grow weak or dim<br> <br> <font size=+1>en taattaavooTa kaNpaarve romba mangiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather's eyesight has grown very feeble.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(balaviinamaTe)</font> 2 i <br> grow weak physically through aging or illness<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadunaale avar balaviinamaTenjiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He grew feeble as he aged</font><br> 1) (melinji poo) 3b intr, 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow weak or wrinkled by old age; grow feeble; become feeble-minded<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadaale avar taLandu pooyirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He has grown feeble with old age.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNavu vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> provide, as food; serve; distribute<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezaingkaLukku avan eppoodum saappaaTu pooTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He always used to feed the poor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saappiTa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> give food to; make s.o. eat; nourish<br> <br> <font size=+1>denamum kozendaye saappaTa vekkardu romba kashTamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It is very difficult to feed the child everyday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> give food to (babies and young animals or pets); supply (machines) with material; input (data to computers)<br> j <br> <font size=+1>periyavan aanadukkappuramum raajaakku avan ammaa selasamayam saappaaTu uuTTaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Though Raja has grown up, sometimes his mother still feeds him food by hand.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(meyyi)</font> 2b tr <br> graze, eat grass or grain (as cattle, ruminants)<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maaTu vayalle meenjikiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That cow is grazing in the field.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tinna seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> offer food to (ppl. and animals) and cause it to be eaten<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan aaTTe pulle tinna senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I fed the goat grass.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (saappiTa seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feed oneself?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(caappiTTukkoo@(1 t)@)</font> 4 tr <br> put food into o's mouth<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feed s.o. on s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saappaTa kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> give as food to<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku saappaTa eedaavadu kuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please give me something to eat.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiini pooTu)</font> 4 tr, + dat <br> give as fodder to animals<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTungaLukku tiini pooTappuramdaan naan saappuTuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will eat only after feeding the cows.</font><br> 1) (saappiTa taa) 2c tr + dat.<br> 2) (tiini kuTu) 6 ta, + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feed up?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tinnu kozu)</font> 6 intr <br> nourish; give extra food to; cause to eat well; fatten up<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNaru)</font> 2 tr <br> perceive with the senses or the mind; realize, feel, sympathize with<br> <br> <font size=+1>un valiye ennaale oNaramuTiyudu-NNu kliNTan sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>As Clinton said, "I feel your pain"</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTTuppaar)</font> 6 tr <br> examine by touch, learn about s.t. by touching<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaiye toTTuppaar evvaLavu balamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Feel his hand, see how strong it is.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ona(r)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to feel; teach or help to see, experience, or realize; instill <br> <br> <font size=+1>uNmaiyooTa valimeye en appaa enakku onattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father taught me to feel the strength of truth.</font><br> 1) (teri) 2b i, + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b i, + dat <br> perceive, be aware of, through the senses; have a sensation by sensory nerves, as a headache<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku tale valikkradu ippa daan teriyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Only now do I feel how much my head is aching (I'm just now beginning to feel the effects of a headache.)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 4 intr + dat <br> consider, be of the opinion; be convinced of; have a vague idea; seem<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan varamaaTTaan-NNu enakku paTTudu (or) terinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I felt (knew) somehow that he was not going to come.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavippaar)</font> 6 tr <br> examine with fingers or hand; feel along or feel for; grope<br> <br> <font size=+1>puuneyooTa muduhe taTavippaaru; romba miruduvaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Feel the back of the cat, it is so smooth.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(oNaru)</font> 2 intr <br> get the sensation of touch; sense contact or touch; discern<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa peesumboodu ava valiye ennaale oNaramuTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>When I talked to her, I felt her pain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feel as if</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) (~ +~) </B> <font size=+1>((@Sentence +@) maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr + dat <br> have a certain feeling; have the impression (that S), have an inkling, premonition (that S)<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku paNam varra maadiri irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I just have the feeling that (feel as if) some money's coming my way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feel as if (have the feeling that...)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) (~ +~) </B> <font size=+1>((@Sentence +@) p(oo)la iru)</font> 7 intr + dat <br> have a certain feeling; have the impression (that S), have an inkling, premonition (that S)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ongaLukku mukkiyamaana katiTam vandirukkraa-ple irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I get the feeling you've received an important letter!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feel for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuzaavip paar)</font> 6 tr <br> search with the hand for s.t. in the dark; grope for; grovel around for<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozaaye tuzaavip paattaa romba azukkaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>When I felt for the tube with my hands, it was very dirty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feel like</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) (~ b~) - </B> <font size=+1>((@vb@) -laam poola iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have the desire to, have the urge, be wanting to,; intend vaguely to do s.t.; be planning, thinking about doing s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>engee pookalaam-NNu irukkiinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where do you feel like going?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) (~ b~) </B> <font size=+1>((@vb@) -NumNNu tooNu)</font> have the desire, urge; intend vaguely to do s.t.; be thinking about doing s.t.<br> - <br> <font size=+1>enakku malekki pookaNum-NNu tooNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I feel like going to the mountains.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) (~ b~) , - </B> <font size=+1>((@vb@) poola iru, -NNumNNu iru)</font> have the desire, urge; intend vaguely to do s.t.; be thinking about doing s.t.<br> - ?<br> <font size=+1>engee poohaNumNNu irukkiinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>where do you feel like going?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feel one's way</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavi poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> act cautiously; proceed carefully without knowledge of the outcome<br> , .<br> <font size=+1>anda maadiri nelattule, konjam taTavi taTavi poohaNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>In that kind of situation, you have to kind of feel your way along.</font><br> 1) (taTavi-kiTTu poo) 3b intr<br> (kaiyaaka, yaakkirata}\rt{) adayaa na8a|<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feel out?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nooTTam paar)</font> 6 tr <br> try to ascertain by indirect or subtle ways; sound s.o. out<br> <br> <font size=+1>unnaale avane nooTTam paattu inda visiyattile avanuTaiya nookkam yennanu tarinjikka mudiyumaanu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>See if you can feel him out as to his intentions in the matter.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niilikkaNNiir vaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> simulate grief and tears; cry crocodile tears; fake grief<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarNyum nambavekka anda poNNu niilikkaNiir vaTikkuraa</font><br> <font size=+1>That woman is feigning tearfulness in hopes that everyone will believe her</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTi)</font> 6b intr <br> pretend; make believe; act deceptively; be faking s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oNNum teriyaadava maadiri sundari naTikkaraa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sundari is feigning ignorance.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paasaangu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> pretend; dissemble<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avane ade patti keeTTapoo avan oNNum teriyaadadepoola paasaangu senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He feigned ignorance when I asked him about it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veesham pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> pretend; make as if; affect<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She feigned indifference, but I knew she was angry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>felicitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazttu terivi)</font> 6 tr w dat <br> offer greetings and best wishes to; congratulate; bestow or give felicitations<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan porandanaaL aNNekki naan avanukku vaazttu terivikka maranduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I forgot to felicitate him my greetings on his birthday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> congratulate; compliment; applaud; celebrate<br> j <br> <font size=+1>njaanapiiTam virude vaanginadukkaaha ezuttaaLar jeyakaantane ellaarum paaraaTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone felicitated Jayakantan for winning the Jnanpith award.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut off or hew down (a tree); cut with a sword, knife, axe, etc.; cause to fall; bring down<br> <br> <font size=+1>verahuveTTi kooTaaliyaalN maratte veTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The woodcutter felled the tree with an axe.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to fall; knock or strike down; cut down<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeTTaikaaran aanaiye oree ampile viizti viTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The hunter felled the elephant with just one arrow</font><br> 1) (veTTi saayi) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>felled, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viiz)</font> 2 in <br> be cut off; be knocked down; be defeated; fall down<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maratuTaiya kiLaikaL kaTanda periya puyalil viizuntu viTTana</font><br> <font size=+1>The branches of that tree were felled in the last big storm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fence</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTum paTaamalum badil sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> avoid giving direct answers; hedge; beat around the bush; use diversionary tactics in answering<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan varundataka keeLvi keekka tudanggiatum naa paTTum paTaamalum badil sonnen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to fence him off when he started to ask uncomfortable questions</font><br> 1) (taLLi vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeli pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> erect a fence; protect with a fence or barrier;<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaTu nozeyaama irukkradukkaaha tooTTatte sutti veeli pooTTom</font><br> <font size=+1>We fenced the garden to avoid goats from entering it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fence off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veelipooTTu aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> enclose with a fence; obstruct<br> <br> <font size=+1>uur elleye veelipooTTu aTecciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have fenced off the border of the town.</font><br> 1) (aTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fence out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeli pooTTu taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> exclude with a fence; screen out with a fence<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTe ellaam veeli pooTTu taTukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can fence out the cows.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fence?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTpoor payil)</font> 1 <br> practice the art of fencing<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan sila varushangalaaka pooTTiyile vaalpoor purikiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's been fencing in competition for some years now.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fend (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(torattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drive back; cause to retreat<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda puune eliyeyellaam torattiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>That cat fended off all the rats.</font><br> 1) (velakki taLLu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> ward off; prevent, defend, avert<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaasunooye taTukka {\d d}aakTar marundu kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor gave medicine to fend off leprosy.</font><br> 1) (velakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fend for o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pezeccu koo@(sh in)@)</font> 1 intr <br> provide for or take care of o.s.; live on o's own; make do with o's own resources<br> <font size=+1>nee ange poonappa, summa taniyaa pezeccukkaNum; naan unakku paNam kuTukkamaaTTeen.</font><br> <font size=+1>When you get there, you'll have to fend for yourself, because I'm not giving you any money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ferment?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLiccu pongu vayyi)</font> 6 tr <br> cause to undergo fermentation; act as a fermenting agent<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla iTli seyya maave puliccu ponga vaiyka veeNNum</font><br> <font size=+1>To make good idlis the batter must ferment</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puLiccu pongu)</font> 3 in <br> undergo fermentation<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puLikka viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> set in the sun, etc. to ferment<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ferocious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTuuramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be cruel, savage or fierce, be intense or unbearable, as hunger, pain, thirst<br> <br> <font size=+1>bakaasuran paakka koTuuramaa irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Bakasuran was ferocious to look at.</font><br> 1) (koTuuramaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ferret</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(turuvippaar)</font> 6 tr <br> search out or hunt for carefully; try to find<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane turuvippaattaa kole sammandappaTTa uNme teriyavaralaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We might be able to ferret out information about the murder from him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTippiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> search out and find; hunt for and catch; dig up information on<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis tiruTane teeTippiTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police ferreted out the thief.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ferret out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive out; bring to light; ferret out<br> <br> <font size=+1>atu kastamaana veelenaalu kutravaalikale pattiya unmaiye naangga velippaduttinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a hard job, but we ferreted out the truth about the criminals</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ferry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> propel or row a boat; operate a ferry; transport or shuttle people or cargo back and forth<br> <br> <font size=+1>naa indru muzukka avanggale naharattile angkum ingkum tooNi viTTuTTu irunte</font><br> <font size=+1>I spent the day ferrying them back and forth across town</font><br> 1) (ooTam viTu) 4 ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fertile, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sezi)</font> 6 intr <br> flourish, thrive, grow well<br> j j <br> <font size=+1>raajaraajasoozanooTa aaTcile naaTu sezippaa irunduccuNNu sollappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is said that the country was fertile under the rule of Rajaraja Choran.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be productive or conducive to productiveness, as soil; be inventive, as imagination<br> <br> <font size=+1>buumi vaLamaa irundaadaan payirellaam nallaa vaLarum</font><br> <font size=+1>The crops will grow well only if the soil if fertile.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fertilize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orampooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> spread manure over (the fields)<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayalukku orampooTTaa payirellaam innum nallaa vaLarum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you spread fertilize the fields, the crops will grow even better</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eru pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cover (the fields, blower beds) with dung or manure<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooTTattule eru pooTappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to fertilize the garden with manure</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oram pooTu)</font> 4 tr + dat <br> add manure, fertilizers, etc. to enrich land<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayalukku siikkaramee oram pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to fertilize the field soon.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(makkup pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> supply the garden with manure, decayed animal waste etc.; make soil nutritious<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba makku pooTTu vaLakkura maram nallaa kaaykkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The trees that are well fertilized yield well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fertilize?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make fertile or productive; enrich<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(cinaippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> (of animals) impregnate<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttarikkac cey)</font> 1 tr <br> impregnate or fecundate<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fertilized, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttari)</font> 6 in <br> be impregnated<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fervent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarvamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full of enthusiasm; be spirited; be enthuastic; be devoted; be a go-getter, be intense, be ardent<br> j <br> <font size=+1>baalaaji veele seyyradule romba aarvamaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Balaji is very fervent about his work.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be ardent or intense; be vibrant, enthusiastic<br> <br> <font size=+1>tan poNNe paakkaNumNu ava tuTikkraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is fervent about seeing her daughter.</font><br> 1) (veriyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fervent, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTarviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be glowing, glow, be radiant<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fester</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puttu vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> become infected or cancerous; develop into cancer; suppurate, become septic, form pus, weep; (Med.) maturate, be purulent;<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puNNe nii maruttuvaruTTe kaamikkaleNNaa adu puttu vekkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't show this wound to a doctor, it might start to fester</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puNNaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become infected or ulcerated; be inflamed, as a wound; rankle<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaTTule naTandadule en kaalellaam puNNaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My wounded legs have festered because of the trek through the jungle.</font><br> 1) (siizpiTikka ceyyi) 1 tr<br> 2) (pureyooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fester?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ciiz piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> form pus; suppurate<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>festive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTaaTTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full of festive spirit; be prepared for festivities or celebration; be infused with festive mood<br> <br> <font size=+1>diipaavaLi varradaale ellaa eTattuleyum koNTaaTTamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Everything has a festive look because of the approach of Deepavali</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koolaahalamaa iru)</font> 7 in <br> be full of noise and bustle; be colourful; be gay and merry; be decorative<br> <br> <font size=+1>pongal aNNekki tamiznaaTee koolaahalamaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole of TamilNadu will be festive on Pongal.</font><br> 1) (kaLi) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fetch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(laabam keTe)</font> 6b intr 3 pn + dat <br> bring in or return, as profit<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vyaabaarattule enna (or) evvaLavu laabam keTekkum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How much profit will this business fetch?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vele keTe)</font> 6b intr 3 pn + dat <br> bring, as price<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda saykkiLukku eranuuru ruubaa vele keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This (bi)cycle will fetch Rs. 200. (One ought to be able to get Rs. 200 for this bike.)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(velekki poo)</font> 3b intr <br> sell at or bring a price<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vayalin enna (or) evvaLavu velekki poohum?</font><br> <font size=+1>What price will the violin fetch?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ? </B> <font size=+1>(?varuvi)</font> 6 tr <br> of animals: run and get s.t., as a ball, a frisbee, etc.<br> <font size=+1>My dog loves to fetch; I can throw a ball for hours, and he'll fetch it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTikkiTTu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> bring, accompany, escort a person (w. their volition)<br> <br> <font size=+1>siikkaram lataave kuuTTikiTTu vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Fetch Lata quickly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> go and bring; go and get; go for and bring back, as things, a person (but only without their volition)<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooy ellaarukkum kaapi koNTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Go and fetch coffee for everyone.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fetch and carry (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTupiTi veele seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> act as a servant, as a `gofer'; attend to small duties<br> <br> <font size=+1>eTupiTi veele seyya oru aaLe teeTikiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am searching for a servant to fetch and carry for me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fever (have or make)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaccalukku uTpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> affect with fever; cause the body temperature to be elevated<br> , <br> <font size=+1>maleeriya avane kaaccalukku uTpaduttiyadu,atanaale avan padukkaiyileye irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The malaria made him feverish, and he was confined to bed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fever (have/get)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaccal vaa)</font> 2c in + dat <br> be affected with fever, be feverish; have an elevated temperature<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avanukku poona vaaram kaaccal vandadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>He had (or) caught a fever last week.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feverish, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaccal aTi)</font> 6b in + dat <br> be affected or be hot (or burning up) with fever<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaccal aTikkradunaale iNNekki naan paLLikki poomaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm feeling feverish, so I won't be going to school today</font><br> 1)j (joram aTi) 6b in + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uTampu cuTu)</font> 4 intr + dat or gen <br> be warm or hot with fever; show a rise in body temperature<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku kaaccalaa irundadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>He had a fever; he was feverish.</font><br> 1) (suTu) 4 intr 3 pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaccalaa iru)</font> 7 intr + dat or nom <br> be ill with fever; have fever<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaaccalaa irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He had a fever</font><br> 1)j (joram aTi) 6b in + dat<br> 2) (oTambu kaayi) 2b intr + dat or gen<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>feverish, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(para para)</font> 6 in <br> be excited or restless; be in haste; be fluttering around nervously<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaay)</font> 2b intr 3 pn + dat <br> (of the body) be hot with fever<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fib?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?</B> <font size=+1>(puLuhu puzuhu?)</font> 3 intr <br> tell a fib; lie; tell a white lie<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan inti konjam peecuveenu pulukukiraan ena ninaikireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think he was fibbing when he said he spoke some Hindi.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fickle, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam maaru)</font> 3 intr + dat <br> be capricious, flighty, or changeable; change o's mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku aTikkaTi manasu maarum.</font><br> <font size=+1>He's fickle-minded; he changes his mind a lot.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fickle, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(salaLa buttiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fickleminded or flighty; be variable in o's affections; run hot and cold about s.o. or s.t.<br> - , ( ) <br> <font size=+1>engga puunaikku salala butti - oru nimisham paasamaaga irukkudu, adutta nimisham (nammai) kadikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our cat is very fickle--one minute she acts like she loves you, the next she is biting you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fictitious, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karpaneyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be created by imagination; be imagined or invented; be made up; be a figment of s.o.'s imagination<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaavalturaiyinar avane visaaritta poodu ava karpaneyaanaa mukavariyai koduttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When the police questioned him, he gave a fictitious address.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fiddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTil vaasi)</font> 6b tr <br> play on the fiddle, violin<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku piTil vaasikka teriyumaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know to fiddle?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fiddle around, about, with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nooNTikkiTTiru)</font> 7 tr <br> occupy o's time with useless things; make useless movements; waste time with idle activities; fool around with s.t.; tinker with s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>een eppavum en saamaaneyellaam nooNTikiTTee irukke</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you always fiddling with my things?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fiddle away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozudupookku)</font> 3 tr <br> waste time, fritter away time in useless things; dawdle; dither; fool around; hang out<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiNaa pozudupookkaama eedaavadu uruppaTiyaa seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Do something useful instead of fiddling away your time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fidget</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nelekkaamal iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unable to rest, be restless, ill at ease; be squirmy, antsy<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?een inda maadiri nelekkaamal irukke? Konjam summaa iru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you fidgeting so? You need to learn to relax!</font><br> 1) (neLi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sanjalappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become uneasy, fussy, squirmy, restless; be unable to rest or relax<br> <br> <font size=+1>vibatte patti terinjadum ava manasu sanjalappaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>She started to fidget when she heard about the accident.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fidget?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alepaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to fidget; make s.o. restless or impatient; bug s.o.<br> <font size=+1>I guess I made him uncomfortable and fidgety with my constant barrage of questions.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fidgety, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alepaayi)</font> 2 in <br> be restless or troubled; (of sea) be full of waves, be turbulent<br> <br> <font size=+1>en manasu alepaayudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My mind is fidgety.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(turuturuNNu iru)</font> 6 intr <br> be restless; be antsy about s.t.; be impatient<br> <br> <font size=+1>een inda maadiri turuturuNNu irukkee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you so fidgety?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>field</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> handle, manage skillfully, as a question, objection, etc.; deal with questions, e.g. at a press conference, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan keeLviye ellaam nallaa samaaLiccaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>He fielded the question(s) skillfully.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>field?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) x </B> <font size=+1>(fiiLT paNNu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> catch a ball in the field; act as a fielder in cricket, baseball, etc.;<br> x ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan pante feeld senju pandu visaalaridam tirumpa anuppinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fielded the ball and returned it to the pitcher</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fiendish, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be or turn into a fiend<br> <br> <font size=+1>deevade maadiri irundava ippo peeyaayiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The girl who was like an angel has now become fiendish</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koTuuramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be savage and cruel; be very wicked<br> <br> <font size=+1>koleyaaLi paakka koTuuramaa irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The murdered looked absolutely fiendish.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fiendish, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeyttanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be brutishly cruel; be savage and gruesome<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fierce, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiru)</font> 3 intr <br> be violent; be menacing; be hostile and fearful; be intense or forceful, as wind, flood, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>puli siirrade paattu ellaarum bayanduTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone got frightened on seeing the tiger being so fierce.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTuttanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be wild and savage; be violent<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan een ippaTi kaaTTuttanamaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is he so fierce?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(bayangaramaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become terribly bad or severe, as a cold, fever, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaaccal bayangramaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His fever became really fierce</font><br> 1) (tiiviram aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fierce, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiivaram aTe)</font> 2 in <br> be or become furiously intense or eager; as a competition, a debate, a fight, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeramaaha aaha pooTTi tiivaram aTenjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The competition got fiercer as time progressed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fierce, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muurkkamaahu)</font> 3 in <br> be or become violent or wild; be intense or forceful, as wind<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fiery, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTu kaTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be angry and glaring, as the eyes, face, etc.; glower; be worked up, be in a heat<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avar een eppavum kaTukaTuNNu peesuraaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is he always such a fiery speaker?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pori pora)</font> 7 in <br> (of eyes, speech, etc.) be hot, angry and passionate; (of fire) be aflame, be throwing off sparks, be crackling hot<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaNNule pori poranduccu.</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes were fiery.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fiery, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTar viTu)</font> 4 in <br> be glowing or radiant, as the sun, stars, face, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>erimalai vedicca pootu, vaanam suTar vittatu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the volcano was erupting, the whole sky was fiery.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eri)</font> 2b intr <br> burn, or be burning like fire; be hot under the collar<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava unarcci vasapatta avanuTaiya kaNgal tiimuuttiya karippoola eriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>When he gets worked up, his eyes get fiery like burning coals</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fight</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edir)</font> 6 tr <br> oppose by action or argument; stand or fight against;<br> <br> <font size=+1>maddiya arase edirkka yaarukkum dairiyam ille</font><br> <font size=+1>Noone has the courage to fight the central government.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTe piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> engage in battle, skirmish, war, etc; combat; quarrel or have a row<br> .<br> <font size=+1>ivangaLum avangaLum saNTe piTiccaanga.</font><br> <font size=+1>These people and those people were fighting (with each other).</font><br> 1) (saNTe pooTu) 4 in, ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pooraaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> struggle, contend, oppose, strive against s.t. or s.o.; combat, battle, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sukumaar uyirukku pooraaTikiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sukumar is fighting for his life.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fight (it) out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTepooTTu tiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> settle s.t. by fighting<br> <br> <font size=+1>praccanaye saNTepooTTu tiikkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The problem cannot be solved by fighting it out.</font><br> 1) (kaTesi vare poor-aaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fight (pick/seek/start a)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTekki aze)</font> 6 tr <br> challenge to a fight or quarrel; start a fight; go looking for a fight or trouble; stand ready to fight<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne yaaroo oru kuttuccaNTe viiran saNTekke azeccirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Some wrestler has picked me to fight with him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fight against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eduttu pooraaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> battle, contend or strive against; resist<br> <br> <font size=+1>nariya talevarunga tiiNTaameye eduttu pooraaTiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many leaders have fought against untouchability.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fight o's way up, forward</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooraaTi munneeru)</font> 3 intr <br> progress against odds; struggle forward inch by inch; pull o.s. up by o's bootstraps; be a self-made person<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vaazkkeyle pooraaTi munneeriyavan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is someone who has had to fight his way up in life.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fight s.o. or s.t. off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veraTTi aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> drive back or away; fend off, repulse;<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNNeyaar vivasaayingaLe veraTTi aTiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The landlord fought off the farmers.</font><br> 1) (doratt-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fight</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poor seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 in <br> engage in battle, skimish, war, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sila peeru ippootu iiraakkil pooy poor seyya tayangguraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people are now reluctant to go and fight in Iraq.</font><br> 1) ~(1 , )~ (saNTe seyyi) 2b in, ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>figure (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakku pooTu)</font> 4 tr, tr <br> do problems in arithmetic; calculate things arithmetically<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNakku pooTTu paattaa laabam evvaLavuNNu teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>We will figure out how much the profit is.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>figure on</b></font><br> be counting on s.t.; rely on s.t.; be calculated into the equation of<br> <font size=+1>I was figuring on going to medical school after graduation, but now I'm not sure.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>figure out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paakka muTi)</font> 2b tr <br> discern; interpret; see through s.t.<br> d <br> <font size=+1>avan tandiratte ennaale paakka muTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was able to figure out what his tricky plan was (and take action)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> check, find out, come to know; ascertain<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppaTiyaaccum avangaLooTa rahasiyatte terinjukka moyarcci eTuttukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>make whatever effort is necessary to figure out their secret</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (purinjukkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) (kaNakku pooTu) 4 tr, ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNi)</font> 6b tr <br> compute; determine<br> <br> <font size=+1>sundaraale romba veehamaa kaNikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Sundar tends to figure things out very quickly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>figure?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTciyaLi)</font> 6 in <br> appear conspicuously; form an important part of; stand out in s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>rooceveltuTaiya muunaavatu piradama paruvattile aval pirapalamaaga kaatciyalittaal</font><br> <font size=+1>She figured conspicuously in the third term of Roosevelt's presidency</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> represent in the form of a picture, image, etc.<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>filch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruTu)</font> 3 tr <br> steal (usu. in small amounts), pilfer; insert hand into (cash box, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paNapeTTiyle kaiye vecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He filched money from the cash box.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> steal, thieve, pilfer, rob, take, purloin, abstract, misappropriate, embezzle; shoplift; (inf.) walk off with; swipe; lift <br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo en paiyyileerundu paNatte eTuttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone filched the money from my bag.</font><br> 1) (kayyi vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (tuukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>file</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samarppi)</font> 6b tr <br> submit, as an application, a petition, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vevasaayinga tangaLooTa korehaLe kalekTarkiTTe samarppiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The farmers filed their petitions with the Collector.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakku toTu)</font> 6 trr <br> file a case or suit in a court of law<br> j <br> <font size=+1>amerikkaale cinna vishayattukku kuuTa vazakku toTarradu sahajam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is common in America to file lawsuits even for small things.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kooppule seer)</font> 6 tr <br> put (papers, etc.) away in a file<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelekki vanda viNNapatteyellaam tappaana kooppule seettuveccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They filed the job application forms in the wrong place.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(padivu sey)</font> 1t <br> register, as a complaint, as a case<br> <br> <font size=+1>vooTTaaLar paTTiyalle naanum en peyare padivu senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I too filed my name in the voter's list</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>file (along, in, out, etc.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNi variseyle poo)</font> 3b tr <br> move or march in file<br> j <br> <font size=+1>raaNuva viiranga janaadipadi munnaale aNi varisele ponaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The soldiers filed in front of the President.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerappikoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> stuff, gorge o.s.; pig out; eat to excess<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayitte nallaa nerappikoo; idukkappuram naaLekkidaan saappaaTu keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Fill your stomach well; the next meal we get will be tomorrow.</font><br> 1) (aTe) 6 tr<br> 2) , ~(1 )~ (tiNiccikkoo, aTeccikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerappu)</font> 3 tr <br> make full; pervade; close or stop up, as a cavity, depression, a pit, etc.; fill up, as a post; complete (a form), by supplying the blanks<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooNTina kuziye maNalaale nerappu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fill the pit we dug with sand.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 6 tr <br> close, as a cavity; occupy all space in; choke up<br> <br> <font size=+1>en puuccippalle palTaakTar aTeccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The dentist filled my cavity.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nere)</font> 6b tr <br> make full; pervade; diffuse; occupy all space in<br> <br> <font size=+1>ruumule uudupattiyooTa maNattaale neranjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The room was filled with the smell of (burning) incense sticks.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(amar(r)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> appoint s.o. to a post or job; employ s.o., fill a post or position;<br> <br> <font size=+1>tahudiyillaadavangaLe inda veeleyle amattiveccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have filled the post with unqualified people.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tuur)</font> 2 intr <br> close up, as a well, a pond, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooTekaalattule koLamellaam tuurndupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the ponds got filled with mud during the summer.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> stuff; cram; eat to excess<br> <br> <font size=+1>paiye ippiTi tiNiccaa kizinjirum</font><br> <font size=+1>The bag will get torn if you fill it like this.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fill (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerappu)</font> 3 tr <br> fill; fill up or out, as blanks, forms; complete; top off<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNitoTTiye meelavarekkum nerappu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fill the water tank up to the top</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viLimbu vare nerappu)</font> 3 tr <br> fill s.t. so that it reaches the top or brim;<br> !<br> <font size=+1>taNNiye viLimbu vare nerappu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Fill it up with the water to the brim!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nerappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fill completely; complete a form; fill in blanks, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>faaratte ellaarum nerappiTTiingaLaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Has everyone filled out the form?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fill in (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(badilaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a replacement or substitute for<br> <br> <font size=+1>sundarukku badilaa naan irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am here to fill in for Sundar.</font><br> 1) (eTatte iTTu nerappu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fill out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puurtti paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> furnish with specified information, fill in, as a form<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda faaratte puurtti paNNunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please fill out this form.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paru)</font> 6 intr <br> grow full and stout; grow full and round, as the bust<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava konjam paruttu periya poNNe poola teriyraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She has filled out more, and looks like a woman</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fill out?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parumanukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make large or fat<br> <font size=+1>He has really filled out since he left high school</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>filled, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerambu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow full; be or become plentiful<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNiitoTTi nerambi vaziyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water tank is full to overflowing.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> pervade; spread; (of space) become occupied<br> <br> <font size=+1>pohe viiTumuzukke paraviccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The smoke filled the room.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 2 intr <br> be blocked or choked up, as a drain, chimney, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu kaaleele saakkaTe aTenjiricci</font><br> <font size=+1>The ditch got filled yesterday morning.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>film</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sinimaa aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> turn s.t. into a movie; make a movie of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kadeye naan sinimaa aakkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to film this story.</font><br> 1) (shuuT paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sinimaa eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> shoot a movie, film; photograph with a movie camera<br> j <br> <font size=+1>baaradiraaja sinimaa eTukkradule tannooTa terameye niruubiccavar</font><br> <font size=+1>Bharathiraja has proven his film skills</font><br> 1) (fiLim eTu) 6 ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>film over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeTukaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> form into a thin floating layer (e.g. of milk, paint)<br> <br> <font size=+1>paale veLile romba neeram vaccaa eeTukaTTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you leave the milk out for too long, it will film over.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>filmy, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be diaphanous, gauzy, transparent, as cloth<br> <font size=+1>In Hollywood and Bollywood, actresses often wear filmy costumes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>filter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTikaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pass s.t. through a filter; pass s.t., s.o., as through a filter; short list<br> <br> <font size=+1>Tiiye vaTikaTTinadukkappuram ade kuTikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can drink the tea after we filter it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>filter?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuric cel)</font> 1i <br> percolate; spread through; trickle down<br> <font size=+1>They expect the news to filter down to the lower levels of society</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strain; pass through a filter; distill<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNii muzusaa vaTiya nereya neeramaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>?The water got filtered completely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>filthy, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asuttamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become unclean, dirty or polluted<br> <font size=+1>The street is just filthy, and the water in the ditches is even worse</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>filthy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be dirty, messy, unclean<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi azukkaa irundaa vyaadidaan varum</font><br> <font size=+1>You will get sick if you are always so filthy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be disgustingly dirty; be loathsome; be contemptible, be revolting<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaaTci paakkavee aruvaruppaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The scene was disgustingly filthy to behold</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(asingamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be dirty; be vulgar or obscene; be pornographic<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paTattule nereya kaaTci asingamaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A lot of the scenes in that movie were just plain filthy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aabaasamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be pornographic; be common, vulgar, or obscene; be sexy<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pustaham romba aabaasamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This book is disgustingly filthy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>filtrate see filter</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>final, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTesiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be definitive, ultimate (as decision, chance, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu en kaTesi(yaana) muTivu</font><br> <font size=+1>This is my final decision</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>final, be?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(irutiyaaku)</font> 3i <br> be last or terminal; be conclusive; be ultimate<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(arutiyaaku)</font> 3i <br> be conclusive or ultimate; be decisive<br> <font size=+1>That turned out to be the final blow, and after that it was all over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(irudi vaTivam kuTu)</font> 6 trr <br> give final form to, as a plan, arrangements, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaTTurekke iNNekki irudi vaTivam kuTukkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will finalize my article tonight.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nidi vasadi senji kuTu)</font> 6 trr <br> furnish financial resources for; provide capital for<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu eezengaLukku nidi vasadi senji kuTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The government should finance the needs of the poor.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> provide money for; furnish credit or capital for; underwrite<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tozile aarambikka raamudaan paNam kuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu financed the start-up funds to get this business underway</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finance?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mutaliTu utavu)</font> 3 trr <br> capitalize, provide capital for; supply with capital<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanuTaiya tolillukku mutaliidu utavi tara vanggi sammadiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bank agreed to finance his business</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>find</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTippiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> seek and find; search and locate, as information; search and seize, as a thief<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTane teeTippiTikkradu kaavaltoreyooTa kaTame</font><br> <font size=+1>It is the duty of the police to find the thief.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> discover; invent; solve and find, as the answer to a problem, a sum, etc.; detect<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennaale inda keelvikki badile kaNTu piTikkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I am not able to find a solution for this problem.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> see, behold; perceive; know from experience; discover by chance; chance upon; meet with;<br> <br> <font size=+1>naa avane neermaiyum nampikkaiyum erukkuravana paarkkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I find him totally honest and dependable.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>find fault</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> blame, begrudge; belittle; denigrate;<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaare pattiyum naan kore sollamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I try not to find fault with anyone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kutti kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> point out a fault, a weakness, etc.; hurt o's feelings with jibes or remarks on flaws, etc.; nit pick<br> . ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava edeyum poorraada aaciriyai. ava ellaatteyum kutti (ellaattilum kuttam) kaaTTikkiTTee iruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's the kind of teacher who never praises, she just finds fault with everything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>find fault with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam sollu)</font> 3c tr, tr <br> complain, criticize; blame; nitpick, look for small or unimportant errors or faults, esp. in order to criticize unnecessarily<br> <br> <font size=+1>en maamiyaar eppavum enne kuttam solliTTee irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother-in-law is always finding fault with me.</font><br> 1) b (juttam kaNTu-puTi, -piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>find lodgings</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tanga eTam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> arrange, secure lodging; get billeted (milit.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>uurukku poonappa tanga eTam puTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as you reach the town, find a place to stay.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>find one's tongue, voice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B>3 intr <br> locate, identify, or regain o's power of speech<br> , ' ' <br> <font size=+1>makkal eluttaalarkale vimasikkum poodu, poduvaaga avangkale 'aktiyait tirumpa petravar' enru solluvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When describing writers, people often refer to their 'finding their voice'</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>find oneself</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tanne terinjikoo)</font> 1t <br> come to know o.s.; clarify o's goals etc.; acquire self-knowledge<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanne terinjikradu eppaTiNNu anda njaani veLakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That wise man enlightens people about how to find themselves</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>find out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niccayappaTuttikoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> determine or make certain about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi keLambare neeratte niccayappaTuttikoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Find out the time that the train is leaving.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjikoo)</font> 4 tr <br> realize; come to know; perceive; learn about; know<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maadiri vishayatte terinjikiTTaa ennikkaavadu payaNpaTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you find such information, it will help you someday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> determine; detect, as a crime, an intention, etc.; discover; inquire and confirm the truth of<br> <br> <font size=+1>koleyooTa nookkatte innum yaarum kaNTupiTikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>Noone has yet found out why the murder occurred.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuppari)</font> 2b tr <br> detect; spy out; discover<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tiruTTe tuppariya veehatte viTa viveeham avasiyam</font><br> <font size=+1>Wisdom is more essential than speed in finding out the reason for this theft.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>find?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTi aTe)</font> 2a tr <br> seek and get; search and obtain<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTari)</font> 2t <br> learn or perceive by experience<br> <font size=+1>I have found that if you teach by example, you get better results</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumpa aTai)</font> 2a tr <br> get back or recover s.t. lost<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aparaadam seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> pay a fine or penalty<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayil sangiliye piTicci izuttadukkaaha naan ainnuuru ruubaa aparaadam seluttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was fined Rs.500 for pulling the emergency chain in the train.</font><br> 1) (abaraadam kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aparaadam pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> punish s.o. with fines for inappropriate or illegal activity<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaarule veehamaa poonadunaale pooliiskaarar enakku ambadu ruubaa abaraadam pooTTuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police fined me fifty rupees for speeding</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fine, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neerttiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be delicate in texture, design, construction, etc.; be exquisite<br> <br> <font size=+1>puumaale romba neerttiyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The flower garland is (of) fine (quality)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fine, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neerttiyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be nice, elegant, or beautiful; be smooth or soft; be good or first rate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kuundal evvaLavu neerttiyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Her hair is so fine!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nallaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> feel okay, good; be of good cheer or disposition<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu oTambukku konjam nallaa ille, aanaa iNNekki nallaa irukkeen.</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday I felt under the weather but today I feel fine.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fine, be(come)?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(metuvaaku)</font> 3b intr <br> become soft or tender<br> <font size=+1>The</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meLmeyaahu)</font> 3i <br> be or become soft, tender, or gentle<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(azahaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fair, lovely, or beautiful; be delicate; be skillfully made<br> ?? , ?? <br> <font size=+1>velli ?? veelai azahaa irukku,aanaa ?? cedukkkiyatu innum nuppamaana veelaiyaagum</font><br> <font size=+1>The silver filigree work was very fine, but the marble carving was even finer work.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tira)</font> 7i <br> be or become fine, elegant, or beautiful; be or become auspicious; become distinguished or remarkable<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nuNmeyaahu)</font> 3i <br> be small or subtle<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>niingka ceyyum vekuppaadu rommpa nunmaiyaanadu; mattavanga atai eetupangala enpatile enakku sandeegamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That's a very fine distinction you are making; I'm not sure others would accept it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fine?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aparaadam pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> impose a fine or penalty<br> <br> <font size=+1>variyai mudivu tedikku pinnale pativu senjaa aparaadam pooduvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They fine you for filing your taxes after the deadline.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finger</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTTuppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> touch and feel with the fingers<br> j <br> <font size=+1>bommeye toTTuppaattaa nejamaana karaTi maadiriyee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The bear doll feels like a real bear if you finger it lightly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTi kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> point out; identify; point to, indicate; put o's finger on<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tappe vaaddiyaar suTTi kaaTTinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher fingered my mistakes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finger?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> use the fingers in playing a stringed instrument<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kai niiLamaa irukkradunaale sulabamaa viiNeye miiTTaraa</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fingerprint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veral reehe eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take the fingerprints of<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis adihaari en veral reeheye eTuttu padivu senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The police official fingerprinted me and recorded the prints.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(senju muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> accomplish; perform; complete<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda veele kuTuttaalum avan veehamaa senju muTiccuLuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He finishes any job given to him quickly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tole)</font> 6b tr <br> exhaust or squander away; ruin, destroy, or kill<br> <font size=+1>He squandered his resources until he had finished them off completely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiir)</font> 6 tr <br> bring s.t. to an end or close; destroy or kill; exhaust, as o's resources, etc.; eat up<br> <br> <font size=+1>iiraakkiya paTeye amerikka paTe tiittukaTTiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The American forces finished the Iraqi forces, but that didn't end the war.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> finish a thing for s.o. else<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda veeleye unnaale muTiccu kuTukkamuTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you finish this job for me?</font><br> 1) (naasam-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> ruin s.o.'s chances; destroy s.o.'s reputation, career, financial situation, etc.; make useless; render ineffective<br> !<br> <font size=+1>teerdalle en verrivaayppe paazaakkiTTiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>You have ruined my chances in the election and finished me for good</font><br> 1) (keTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> complete; bring s.t. to an end; destroy or kill<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTam muTinjadukkappuram paTiccaa poodum</font><br> <font size=+1>It'll be okay if you do your studying after finishing the movie.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finish off?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> destroy, kill; defeat<br> , <br> <font size=+1>intiya ani, muunam pakuti mudivatukku munneeye etiraniyai mulucaaga toleccuTangga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Indian team had completely finished off their opponents by the end of the third quarter.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finish up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> use completely; complete s.t. fully<br> <br> <font size=+1>pariiTceye muTiccuTTu veLayaaTa poolaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can go to the play after I finish up with my exams</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finished, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be ended, be over, finished<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTattooTa kaTesi kaaTciyum muTinjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The last show of the movie has also finished</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaaku)</font> 3b intr <br> be ruined financially, in reputation, career, etc.; be washed up<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru tappunaale en vyaabaaramee paazaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My whole business is finished because of one mistake I made.</font><br> 1) (tole) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ozi)</font> 2b intr <br> come to an end; be rid of; be destroyed or exterminated; be over and done with<br> <br> <font size=+1>inimee inda tolle ozinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This nuisance is finished for once and for all.</font><br> 1) (tiindu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 2b intr <br> end; come to an end; be over<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTiccu muTiccadum ava kalyaaNam sejukiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She married as soon as she had finished her studies</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>finished, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 2 intr <br> be ended or completed; be exhausted, as resources, supplies, etc.; be over and done with<br> <br> <font size=+1>praccane tiinduduNNu perumuuccu viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was relieved that the problem got finished off</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fink (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinvaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> abandon a former position or commitment; back down or (out), renege, retreat; (inf.) cop out<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTanga vandadum avan bayandu pinvaangiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He got scared and finked out after the goondas came</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTi kazi)</font> 6b tr <br> avoid, as a duty, a piece of work, responsibilities, etc.; shirk<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan oru kooze. sinnasinna praccanekkellaam taTTik kazippaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's such a wimp, he finks out at the slightest threat of difficulty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cengal cuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bake s.t. such as bricks in a kiln<br> <br> <font size=+1>neruppule avanga sengale suTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are firing the bricks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shoot; open fire; bake, as bricks, etc.; fry, as dosa, chappati, etc; steam, as idli<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappi ooTina kaidiye kaaval adihaari suTTu koNNaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The guard fired at and killed the prisoner who escaped.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(neruppu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set fire to; cause to begin to burn; ignite a fire<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru paittiyakaaran anda viiTTukku neruppu vecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>A madman set fire to that house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((veeleye viTTu) niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> dismiss from a job, employment, etc.; terminate employment<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalaaLi goopiye veeleye viTTu niikkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss fired Gopi from the job.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fire up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> induce or urge on; stimulate, as to do s.t.; rouse<br> <br> <font size=+1>??avaLooTa vaarttanga enne anda pooTTiyle kalandukka muTukkiviTTicci (?? ST example isn't same as LT)</font><br> <font size=+1>His extremist speech fired them up into a state of fury as if possessed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fire at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shoot or shoot at<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tolaivule irundaalum kuri tavaraama suTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fires accurately at the target even when he is far from it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fire away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> open fire; continue firing; fire or shoot with abandon, indiscriminately<br> <br> <font size=+1>veri piTicca yaaneye avan suTTu taLLinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fired away at the mad elephant.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fired up, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parapara)</font> 7 intr <br> be ready, excited, motivated, enthusiastic to do s.t.; be full of energy;<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ellaarum een paraparappaa irukkaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is everyone so all fired up?</font><br> 1) (kumuru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>firm up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orenjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> set, as aspic, yogurt, jelly<br> <br> <font size=+1>paal orenjipooccaaNNu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Check whether the milk has firmed up (become fermented).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>firm, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be decisive or determined; have o's mind be made up; be unwavering, be clear about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan eTutta muTivule urudiyaa irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am firm in the decision I have taken</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>firm, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudiyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be decisive; be firmly tied, as a knot; be strong or secure<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava taan eTutta muTivule urudiyaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is firm in the decision she has taken.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>firm, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudiyaahu)</font> 3i <br> become strong, hard, or certain<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze penjadule buumi urudiyaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ground has become firm because of the rain.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(geTTiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become hard; become solid; become wiry, as body, muscles, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>saadam romba geTTiyaayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rice has become very firm.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>firm, be(come)?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neleppaTu)</font> 4i <br> become established; settle down; set, as cement, plaster, etc.<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>firm, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(geTTi)</font> 6b tr <br> make firm or solid by beating down; tamp<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>pongale geTTiyaakka enna seyyalaam?</font><br> <font size=+1>What can we do to make the pongal firm?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>firm, make?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urup paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make strong, hard, fast, or certain; confirm, as plans<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>first, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(modalaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be the original; originate; be number one<br> <br> <font size=+1>nama kalluurittaan inda paadattai maanavangaluku alippatile mutalaaka irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Our college will be the first to offer this course to the students.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(modalle iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be at the top, as in games, class, etc; be before all others in time, order, or rank<br> <br> <font size=+1>rahu enda pooTTileyum modalle iruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raghu is always first in any competition.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(modalaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be the original; originate; be number one<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paaTatte maaNavangaLukku aLikka namma kalluuri daan modalaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Our college will be the first to offer this course to the students.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miin piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch or try to catch fish<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda sanikkezame miin piTikka poohappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going fishing this Saturday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTule pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> angle for; try to catch fish with a rod and line; wangle, cadge, try to get s.t. indirectly; entice; allure<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuuNTule pooTTu miin piTikka porume veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need patience to fish with a fishing rod.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fish out, up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tozaavi eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pull up or out after searching; take out after groping; dig down and retrieve s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa payyilerundu ava edeyoo tozaavi eTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She fished something out of her bag.</font><br> 1) (turuvi eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> attach; link; join, connect; install<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda eyanduratte kaadule poruttikkoonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Fit this gadget in your ear</font><br> 1) (sariyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> hold; be capable of holding<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda cinna pai ellaa maambazangaLeyum koLLaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mangoes won't all fit in this small bag</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be suitable, be just right, be appropriate; be fitting<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avanukkum ivaLukkum jooTi sariyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>they fit well together, that couple</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sariseyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> set right, make suitable, straighten out<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaLenjipoona saaviye sariseyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to (re)fit the bent key.</font><br> 1) (porunda vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (sari-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> be suitable, apt or proper; fit in; be the right shape, manner, size, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda saavi anda puuTTukku porundaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This key will not fit that lock.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fit (make)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. qualified or competent; outfit<br> <br> <font size=+1>nallaa payirci kuTuttu avane pooTTikku tahudiyaakkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I trained him and made him fit for the competition.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fit out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasadi senji kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> provide with amenities; supply with necessary conveniences; outfit s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu engaLukku oru vasadiyum senji kuTukkale</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has not fit us out with any amenities.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fit s.t. in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porunda vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.t. to be in right position or relation<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda eTattule aaNiye porunda vekkradu kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is tough to fit the nail in this position.</font><br> 1) (poruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fit, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be proper or qualified<br> <br> <font size=+1>oyaram kammiyaa irundadaale naan raaNuvattukku tahudiyaahale</font><br> <font size=+1>I was not fit for military service because I was too short</font><br> 1) (porundi vaa) 2c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be proper, suitable, or decent; be deemed appropriate or qualified<br> !<br> <font size=+1>pradamar padavikki avar tahudiyaa irukkamaaTTaaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>He will never be fit to assume the Prime Minister's post!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sarippaTu)</font> 4 intr 3pn <br> be agreeable; be apt or suitable<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu cinna viiTu enakku sarippaTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Such a small house will not fit my needs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fit?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> join, unite; fit s.t. in; match<br> <br> <font size=+1>raNTu sarangkalaium olluinggaaga poruttu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fit the two pieces of wood correctly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fix</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariseyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> arrange or set right by agreement; repair<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTenju poona naarkaaliye sariseyya pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to fix the broken chair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sari seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> mend, repair; put in order; put right<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTenja kaTihaaratte manju sarisenjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Manju fixed the broken clock.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> decide, settle, arrange, set; determine<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppo saappaTalaamNu oTanee muTivu seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Whenever you've fixed the time, we can eat right away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(carikkaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> placate, persuade; arrange with s.o. dishonestly; influence s.o. illegally<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>?</font><br> <font size=+1>The outcome was fixed--the secretary of state was in cahoots with the governor.</font><br> 1) (uuNu) 3 tr, intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(oru vazi sey)</font> 2b tr, 3 tr <br> get even with, get revenge upon s.o., tamper with<br> !<br> <font size=+1>unne oru vazi ceyyappooreen!</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll fix you! (You just wait and see!)</font><br> 1) (sari seyyi, sari paNNu) 2b tr, 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make or prepare, as coffee, tea, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vanda virundaaLikki kaapi pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fix our guest a cup of coffee.</font><br> 1) (ozicci kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(neleppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make permanent, as a color, a negative, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>?</font><br> <font size=+1>When you dip the negative in the solution, it fixes the image permanently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make or prepare, as cooked food; cook, as rice, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri saappaaTTukku enna seyyappoore</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you going to fix for dinner?</font><br> 1) (kala) 7 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fix one's eyes on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNe padi)</font> 6 trr <br> gaze, look steadily, direct o's eyes towards<br> <br> <font size=+1>avameele kaNNe padiccavan angerundu velahaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>He fixed his eyes on her and never shifted his gaze from there</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fix up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> solve; set right; smooth over; repair<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kaTesile praccaneye yaar tiittaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who finally managed to get the thing fixed up ?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazudupaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> repair; renew; renovate, make like new<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazee kaTihaaranga inge pazudupaakkappaTumNu anda kaTeyle ezudiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a sign in that shop that says they fix up old clocks</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fix?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stick or plant (a pole, etc.) firmly in the ground; set s.t. upon or in the ground<br> <br> <font size=+1>angke kodikambu nilattile nalla nattu irukkutu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flagpole was fixed firmly in the ground at that spot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4t <br> decide or set, as a date, time, etc.<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piNi)</font> 6 tr <br> attract; hold; fasten; attract and hold, as the eye, the ear, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava paarvai unmeel piNinja aruvaruppaga irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He fixes his gaze on you and it makes you feel creepy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fixed, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6b intr <br> be fastened in; be inlaid<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda moodarattule vairakkal padinju irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>A diamond stone is fixed in the ring.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fizz</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pongu)</font> 3 intr <br> bubble up; boil over<br> <br> <font size=+1>paal pongartukku munnaale aTuppe anecciTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Turn off the stove before the milk fizzes.</font><br> 1) (pongi vazi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(usuNNu sattam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a hissing, bubbling, sound; effervesce<br> <br> <font size=+1>pepsi baaTTule torandavoTane adu ussuNNu sattam senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>When you open a carbonated beverage, it makes a fizzing sound</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fizzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> decrease, wane, diminish; be missing or wanting; disappear, be reduced to nothing<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een tiTiirNNu onakku paTippule aarvam korenjiTuccu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why has your interest in studies suddenly fizzled?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fizzle out?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(picu picuttup poo)</font> 3b intr 3pn <br> peter out; come to nothing; a poor end; fail<br> <br> <font size=+1>aval kadattappattataaga kadai tidiirrunu picu picuttu pooyiducci</font><br> <font size=+1>Her whole story about having been kidnapped suddenly fizzled out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTiccavaraa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> come to a bad, poor or ignominous end; become useless or worthless<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalaaLiye pooliiskiTTe kaaTTikkuTuttadaale en vaazkkeyee kuTTiccavaraa pooccu</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flabbergast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asara veyyi)</font> 6 tr <br> stagger, stun, nonplus, amaze; astonish, boggle (the mind); be blown away<br> <br> <font size=+1>sacinooTa veLeyaaTTu enge ellaareyum asara veccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>Sachin's play flabbergasted all of us.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vizikkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> amaze, surprise, dumbfound, astonish; astound, stun, stagger, nonplus, shock, startle, stupefy, stop s.o. in their tracks, leave open-mouthed, leave aghast, take s.o.'s breath away, bewilder<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nii senja kaariyam enna seyradu appaTiNNu teriyaama enne vizikka veccadu uNmedaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>what you did absolutely flabbergasted me, and left me not knowing how to proceed!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaccariyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> surprise, stun, stagger, astonish<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaaTTi kaNakku pariiTcaile romba nallaa paNNi soomu enne aacariyappaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Somu did very well in the Math exam this time and flabbergasted me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(bramikka veyyi)</font> 6b tr <br> amaze, astonish, stagger, stun; flummox<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda bayilvaanooTa balam engaLe bramikka veccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That bodybuilder's strength flabbergasted us.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flabbergasted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bramiccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be overcome with astonishment, surprise, or amazement <br> <br> <font size=+1>maleyooLa oyaratte paattu naan bramiccu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was flabbergasted on seeing the height of the mountain.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tehe)</font> 6i <br> be amazed, bewildered or perplexed<br> <br> <font size=+1>uurvasiyooTa azehe paattu indiran teheccippoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Indra was flabbergasted on seeing Urvasi's beauty.</font><br> 1) (asandu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaTeccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be speechless, dumbfounded<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avane pootriyapoodu avan vaayaTeccu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was flabbergasted when she praised him</font><br> 1) (aaccariyap paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(asanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be amazed, staggered, or astonished; be overcome with surprise<br> j <br> <font size=+1>taaj mahaalooTa azaga paattu naan asandupoy viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was flabbergasted by the beauty of Taj Mahal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flabby, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tongu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of skin, flesh, etc.) become flaccid; hang limply or loosely<br> <font size=+1>He has become very flabby lately; he needs to exercise more!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> droop, hang down, as plants in dry weather; become weak, tired or emaciated; dry up, wither or fade<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda suuTTile puungaavule puuvellaam vaaTi pooykkiTTirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flowers in the garden were flagging in the heat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koTihaLaale samikke seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> communicate by signalling with flags; signal with flags<br> , <br> <font size=+1>munnellaam rayil vaNTiye nirutta koTiyaale samikke seyvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days, they used to flag down trains in order to stop them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuricci vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> mark with a flag or check mark of some kind; note s.t. for later treatment<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maadiri kaTidamellaam vandaa kuriccivacciTTu adeyellaam pinnaale kavanikkuroom</font><br> <font size=+1>When those kinds of letters come in, we flag them and deal with them later</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> diminish; grow less, as in enthusiasm, vigour, strength, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanuTa urcaaham muunaavadu suttukku pinne korenjpoonnadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His enthusiasm began to flag after the third round</font><br> 1) (vadangu) 3 intr<br> 2) (kammi aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flag (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyaaTTi niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hail, call or summon with a gesture; wave down, as a taxi, train etc.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga Traivare kaiyaaTTi nirutti vimaana nilaiyttukku pooha sonnoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We flagged down the driver and asked him to return to the airport</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flagrant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pahiirangamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be openly wicked or wrong; be outrageous; flout or publicly disregard conventions<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadinga manida urimaiye miiruradule eppavum pahirangamaavee iruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists are flagrant in their disregard for human rights.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flake off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(udirnduTu)</font> 6 intr <br> scrape or pare off; chip off<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLiyalare sovattuleerundu puuccellaam udirnduTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The paint has flaked off from the wall in the bathroom</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flamboyant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paLicciTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be showy, brilliant or colorful<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooTTattule sela paraveyellaam romba paLicciTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Some of those birds in the garden are really flamboyant</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aarppaaTTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be stylishly up to date; follow the mode closely; be dashing, loud or showy; be vain or foppish; be florid or ornate<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan konjcam aarppaaTTamaa irukkaan. eppavum naaharihamaavee uTayellaam pooTuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's sort of flamboyant--always dressed in the latest fashion or colors</font><br> 1) (attahaasamaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (pahaTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pahaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be foppish or vain; be showy or colorful; be tricky or ostentatious; be deceitful<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naaTTiyakkaari eppavum pahaTTikkoNTeeyiruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>That dancer is always very flamboyant.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eri)</font> 2b intr <br> burn with or send out flames; burn; glow<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozundu viTTu eri)</font> 2 intr <br> (of fire) burn in a flame; (of passions, emotions, etc.) burn intensely or steadily<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda viiTu kozundu viTTu erinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The house went up in flames</font><br> </ul> in computer parlance, attacking or disparaging another computer user by barrages of email, or by attempts to invade s.o.'s computer or website<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flame with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham seva)</font> 7 intr <br> turn red in face; be angry<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobattaale avar moham sivandaar</font><br> <font size=+1>His face flamed with anger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> move (wings) up or down; beat (wings)<br> , <br> <font size=+1>koozi atanuTaya siragukalai adikkum, aanaa rompa duuram parakka mudiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>chickens can flap their wings, but can't fly very far</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(cirakaTi)</font> 6 trr <br> move wings up or down; beat wings<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan arugile poonadu puraakkal sirakadittu parandu viTTana</font><br> <font size=+1>When I got close, the pigeons flapped their wings and flew away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTapaTaNNu aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> move (wings) up and down with noise; flutter, as eyelashes, a flag, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kodi kaatile padapadanu adiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flag flapped wildly in the wind.</font><br> 1) (aTicci-koo) 4 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (paTa paTa-NNu aTicci-koo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(serahu aTiccu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> flap the wings<br> , <br> <font size=+1>periya paravaiyellaam serahu aTiccikkrappa sattam keekkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>When large birds flap their wings, you can really hear it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flap away, off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu veraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> chase away with s.t. (a towel, bag, stick, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>aval avane Tavalale adicci veraTTa muyarchi pannunaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She tried to flap him off with a towel</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(serahaTiccu poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1tr <br> go away by flapping wings<br> <font size=+1>see flap</font><br> <font size=+1>When I drive through the flock of pigeons on the road, they all suddenly rose up and flapped away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 2b intr <br> swell or spread out (as nostrils); flare out<br> !<br> <font size=+1>yaaneyooTa kaadu eppaTi virinju irukku paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how the elephant's ears flare out!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pattiyeri)</font> 2 i, + dat <br> get enraged or angry; be annoyed<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennule pattiyerinja koovam enakku adircci tandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was shocked at the flare of anger inside me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(minungu)</font> 3i <br> burn or shine unsteadily; flicker<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 6b intr <br> (of face, eyes, speech, action, etc.) let fly off or radiate, as anger, indignation, annoyance, etc.<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(minnu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of eyes) shine with excitement, mischief, etc.; sparkle, twinkle<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flare out, up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLandezu)</font> 2i <br> burst into a rage; become enraged; rise up in anger<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flare up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuLu)</font> 1 intr <br> catch fire; be kindled; arise, as a fight, row, war, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Hostilities have flared up again in the Balkans.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (pattikkoo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(joli)</font> 6b intr <br> shine, blaze; (of eyes) sparkle, be brilliant; be radiant<br> j <br> <font size=+1>vairam jolikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Diamond flashes</font><br> 1) (minnu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(udiru)</font> 6 tr <br> throw (a smile)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vandiyilirundu irainginapoo ennai paartu punnagai udirttal</font><br> <font size=+1>She flashed a smile at me when she got out of the car</font><br> 1) (prahaasi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 tr <br> send or throw (a glance); utter (words) in haste or anger<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> send (light), as from a flashlight<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paanjooTu)</font> 3i <br> move fast, move at great speed<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga meeTaikku pookum bootu arai vaziya paanntooTiyataal avangalai paarka muTiyile</font><br> <font size=+1>He flashed through the room on his way to the podium so fast, I hardly saw him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paLicciTu)</font> 4 intr <br> emit or give out a sudden bright light; twinkle; (of eyes) sparkle, gleam<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flash into, through (o's mind)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((manadule) tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> appear or burst into<br> ,<br> <font size=+1>kaalam kaTandatuku apuro naanga tappaana muraiyai payan paduttinoom ena en manadil tooNuyadu,</font><br> <font size=+1>It flashed through my mind that we were using the wrong approach, but it was too late</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flat, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 6 intr <br> lie down or flat<br> <font size=+1>There was a rise in consumer income for a while, but now it's become flat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiTa)</font> 7 intr <br> be thrown down or laid down on the ground; lie on the ground; flatten o.s.<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(virindu keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> lie spread out or unrolled<br> , <br> <font size=+1>taraiyile naaLitaz virindu keTandacu, pacangga kaamikkai paTicciTTu irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The newspapers were spread out on the floor, and the kids were reading the comics</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mandamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become dull or inactive, as trade or appetite<br> , <br> <font size=+1>innaiki viyaapaara santai mandamaaga irundicci, nashTam laapattirku samamaaga irundicci</font><br> <font size=+1>Activity on the stock exchange was flat today, with losses equaling gains</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sappuNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be insipid, dull or lifeless; be without flavor, taste, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>koola rompa naaramaa tirandu irukkudu, adunaale adu sappuNu irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cola had stood out in the open too long and the taste had gone flat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flatten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make flat; compress<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii anda peTTikaLe taTTaiyaakka veeNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to flatten these boxes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make level or flat<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>tarai samama illai;tayavu cenci atai samappaTutta enaavadu paNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>The floor isn't level; please do something to flatten it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> hammer out<br> <font size=+1>He took a piece of rumpled metal and flattened it with a hammer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oTukku eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> remove dents, as from a vessel, metal sheet, etc.<br> ; ?<br> <font size=+1>paanaiyuTaiya aTi oTunggi irukkutu; unnaale atai oTukku eTukka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>The bottom of the pan is bumpy; can you flatten it out?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flatten out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> set right; remove creases, crumples, dents, etc.<br> <font size=+1>put as SYN of previous?</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (sari seyyi, sari paNNu) 2b tr, 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flattened, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTeyaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become flat<br> <br> <font size=+1>tahara kuvaLe rooTTile kaarale aTipattu taTTaiyaayuTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The can was hit by a car in the road and got completely flattened</font><br> 1) (samappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parandu viri)</font> 2 intr <br> spread wide, grow extensive; be extended<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inge oru kaTTi irundudu, aanaa adu ippoo parandu virinjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There used to be a lump there, but it has gotten flattened out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flatter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuduppaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> eulogize, flatter, worship; adulate<br> <br> <font size=+1>edukku eTuttaalum mattavangaLe tuduppaaTradu avanooTa vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>He's one who has a habit of flattering others every chance he gets</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meheppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> praise too much or excessively; show to advantage, as a photograph, etc.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>inta paTam unnai nallaa meheppaTuttutu, marratai poola illai</font><br> <font size=+1>This picture really flatters you, unlike the other one</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(perume paTTuk koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> feel or be pleased with or proud of<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda turaiyil silar maTTum avanukku iNaiyaka irukkanganu ava perume paTTukiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He flatters himself that he has few equals in that area</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTik kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> encourage, cheer or urge; pat s.o. on the back; give s.o. a shot in the arm<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avane ippoo taTTi koTukka veeNum; ava konja manacu taLarntu irukkuraa</font><br> <font size=+1>He needs to be flattered and encouraged right now; he's sort of feeling down</font><br> 1) (sooppu pooTu) 4 ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> praise, laud, extol<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(pasappu)</font> 3 tr <br> please; fascinate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe edekkeeTTaalum pasappuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>he feels flattered no matter what you ask him,</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flatulent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vayittu porumalaa iru)</font> 7 intr 3pn + dat <br> suffer from gas in the digestive tract<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava sapiTara maruntu avane rompavu vayittu porumalaakkutu</font><br> <font size=+1>The medicine he's taking makes him very flatulent</font><br> 1) (porumu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattu piri)</font> 2b intr 3pn + dat <br> break wind; fart<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flaunt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jambam aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> speak or behave ostentatiously or haughtily; show off, talk big<br> , j ! <br> <font size=+1>amerikkaa ulakile miga periya vallaracu, aanaa atan valimaiye atu eppovume jambam aTikka kuuTadu!</font><br> <font size=+1>America is the world's only superpower, but it doesn't have to flaunt its strength constantly!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(medappaa naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> behave haughtily or ostentatiously; swagger; strut<br> - <br> <font size=+1>ava timirpiTittava- eppovum avanin selvattaiyum selvaakkaiyum medappaay kaaTTuLaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's so arrogant--constantly flaunting his wealth and influence</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTik koo@ (sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> speak or behave ostentatiously; behave swaggeringly; speak with bravado; act like a bigshot<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>inda maadiri alaTTikkaade; jananga onga kaale vaaralaam-NNu irukkaanga!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't flaunt your accomplishments so openly; people are just waiting for a chance to stab you in the back! Don't flaunt your accomplishments so openly; people are waiting to see you take a fall. </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flavor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaLicciru)</font> 3 intr <br> season curries with spices<br> , , j <br> <font size=+1>anda uNavahattule indiya saappaaTTe kaTuhu, meLahaa, ventayame pooTTu nallaa taaLiccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>That restaurant serves very good Indian food--nicely flavored, not too hot with mustard, chillies and cumin seeds.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaasane uuTTu)</font> 3 trr <br> give a sweet smell to<br> <br> <font size=+1>kunguma puu seettaa nallaa vaasaneyuuTTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Saffron flavors the food nicely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sove uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> give a flavor to<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalukku sove uuTTa paadaam seertirukutu</font><br> <font size=+1>Almonds are added to flavor the milk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(rusiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have flavor; be delicious; be tasty<br> <br> <font size=+1>maapazam rusiyaaga irukudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mango is delicious.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sove uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> give a flavor to<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalukku sove uuTTa paadaam seettirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Almonds are added to flavor the milk</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flavorful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rusiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have flavor; be tasty and relishable; be good<br> <br> <font size=+1>saappaaTu romba rusiyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The food is very flavorful.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flawed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virisal aTe)</font> 2i <br> become cracked<br> , <br> <font size=+1>idu oor azakaana pazaiya piingkaan, aanaa uLLee virisal aTainju irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's a beautiful old piece of porcelain, but it's flawed and cracked on the inside</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> produce a flaw, defect, or fault in<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maasu aTe)</font> 2i <br> become defective or faulty; become tarnished or tainted<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become faulty or defective; go bad<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kadaiyin aarambam nalla irukku,aanaa keeLvikkuriya araciyal nookkattn pukuttuvataale keTTu pookudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The novel starts out well, but then it becomes flawed by the introduction of questionable political ideas</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uri)</font> 6b tr <br> strip or pull off (skin)<br> <br> <font size=+1>palaya kaalattile tiyaakika eppavavadu avanga muduke cavukkaiyaalum sangaliyaalum uripaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The medieval martyrs would sometimes flay their own backs with whips and chains</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vilaasu)</font> 3 tr <br> excoriate, thrash, give s.o. a beating<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadinga avane aTiccu vilaasiTTaangga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists beat him and flayed him to within an inch of his life</font><br> 1) (toole uri, tooluri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fleck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLLi iTu)</font> 4tr <br> spot, dapple; fill with dots<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTi puLLiyaal karai iTTu irupataal atu pazasaka kaaTTutu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mirror was flecked with spots that make it look very old</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flee</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> run away; take flight, as from danger, etc.; escape<br> , <br> <font size=+1>piraansu purasiyin poodu, niraiya peeru matta naaTTukku ooTi pooyiTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During the French revolution, many people fled to other countries</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(para)</font> 7 intr <br> fly; hurry, hasten; move swiftly away, as from danger, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tii patti erinja pootu naanga nagarile matta oru pakutikku parantu pooyviToom</font><br> <font size=+1>When the fires started, we fled to another part of town</font><br> 1) (tappi ooTu) 3 intr<br> 2) (parandu poo) 3b intr<br> 3) (parand-ooTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> run; hurry; move speedily<br> <br> <font size=+1>He's trying to flee his past and his bad reputation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fleece</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazi)</font> 6b tr <br> cut with scissors; remove by cutting, as hair, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kambaLiyaaTTooTe muTiye romba siikkiramaa mazicciTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When they fleece sheep, they shear the wool very quickly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moTTe aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> dupe, bilk, clean s.o. out; strip completely, as of money, wealth, etc.; swindle; shave s.o.'s head clean; take s.o. to the cleaners<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe kaasellaam paricci, avane moTTe aTicci tavikka viTTuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They fleeced him of all his money and hung him out to dry.</font><br> 1) (veTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fleeced, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaaLiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be made a dupe of; be tricked or deceived<br> <br> <font size=+1>vivaram teriyaadadunaala naan eemaaLiyaayiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't know my way around, so I got fleeced, hornschwoggled, taken to the cleaners</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fleeting, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukkuNNu poo)</font> 3 intr <br> run, as a river; go swiftly, as time<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaccare paakkalaamNu niNNu niNNu avar vandavoTane surukkuNNu pooyiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>We waited and waited for the minister, in a fleeting moment he came and left</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parandooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> fly; move or go swiftly, as time<br> ; , <br> <font size=+1>neeram parantooTu; oru kaNam ingke irukkutu,marukaNam parantu pooyviTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Time can be very fleeting; one moment it's here, then it's gone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(TakkuNNu tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> be ephemeral or transitory<br> . j <br> <font size=+1>selvattep pattiyum perumayep pattiyum eNNam ennooTa manasule TakkuNNu tooNicci. aanaa oTanee neja vaazkkaikku vanduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I had a fleeting thought about wealth and grandeur, but then I came down to earth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fleshy, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sade pattaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of fruit) be soft and pulpy; be full of flesh<br> , <br> <font size=+1>maangaavooTe uLpahudi rombavum sade pattaa irukkudu, vazuvazuppaa ille</font><br> <font size=+1>The interior of mangoes is very fleshy and pulpy, not smooth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozu)</font> 6i <br> become fat; have much flesh<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kozuttu pooyirukaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has become very fleshy and corpulent</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sade pooTu)</font> 4 tr + dat <br> gain or put on weight; become plump<br> <br> <font size=+1>sikiccaikku appuro ava sade pooTTu irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She has put on weight since her operation</font><br> 1) (paruttuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flex</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 2a i, 6 trr <br> bend<br> -- <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTe sulapama vaLaiyaatu--ade roompa suuTuletaa vaLaikala</font><br> <font size=+1>Glass is a substance that doesn't flex well--you can't bend it except under great heat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flex (muscles)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pushTi kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> bend, display o's muscles; show off o's strength<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalamaccarraa aanadulerundu ade seyveen ide seyveeNNu pushTi kaaTTikkiiTTeeyirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Ever since he became the chief minister, he's been flexing his muscles and flaunting his strength</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flexible, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLenju kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be pliable; be adaptable; be easily bent<br> . .<br> <font size=+1>avar end vishayattileyum romba vaLenji koTuppaar. enda karvamum avarkiTTe paakka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very flexible--he can go either way, without loss of ego</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nehiz)</font> 2i <br> be soft; be yielding or relenting; be pliable<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ippa vara nailaan tuNiyellaam romba nehizvaa irukkum. adee samayam rompa valuvaavum irukkum.</font><br> <font size=+1>Some of these new synthetics are very flexible, but also very strong</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> strike, as with a whip; flip, as a coin; jerk, as reins<br> <br> <font size=+1>kutiraiye savukkaiyaale soTukkiTTu kiLampinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He flicked the horse with a whip, and started off</font><br> 1) (suNTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suNTi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> flip, as a coin; jerk, as reins; tap with thumb or finger<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avaru peesurappo kaiyai aaTTi, sikareTTu saampalai ellaa iTttilum suNTi viTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When he talks, he waves his arms around and flicks his cigarette ashes all over the place</font><br> 1) (suNTi viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flick away, off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTi viTu)</font> 6b tr <br> remove s.t. with a flick; dust; scare away, shoo, as insects, flies, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avaru tooLile duusi paTinjirundadu,ade avaru taTTi viTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>There was some dust on his shoulder, so he just flicked it away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flicker</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minukku minukkuNNu eri)</font> 2b intr <br> burn faintly, unsteadily; scintillate<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vizaku minukku minukkuNNu erinjadu,anaa aNaiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The flame of the candle flickered, but didn't go out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTa paTaNNu aTiccu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> flutter, as wings; (of heart, leaves, flags, etc.) quiver; shake; wave<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTi kaatile paTa paTaNNu aTiccatu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flag fluttered and flickered in the wind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTa paTa)</font> 6 intr <br> (of heart, leaves, flags, etc.) quiver; shake; wave; flutter<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paaTTai keekkirapoo manacu paTa paTakkutu</font><br> <font size=+1>It makes the heart-strings flicker and slutter when you hear that song</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flightly, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(salanam aTe)</font> 2i <br> be capricious; get or be unsteady<br> <font size=+1>She can be very flighty when she's tired</font><br> 1) (butti maaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(goNam maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be capricious, whimsical or frivolous<br> <font size=+1>It was a very capricious decision, and I regretted it immediately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flimsy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meli)</font> 2b intr <br> be weak or thin; be slim<br> <font size=+1>The program has no substance, and is very flimsy and precarious</font><br> 1) (nali) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siru)</font> 6 intr <br> be small; be inadequate<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu kaNTipaaga oru sirutanamaana kaaraNam</font><br> <font size=+1>That was certainly a flimsy excuse!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(leesaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be diaphanous, gauzy, transparent<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTikai karpanaikkee iTamillaame leesaaga irukkira tuNi pooTiTu iruntaaL</font><br> <font size=+1>The actresses were dressed in flimsy costumes that left nothing to the imagination</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flinch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTukkiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> take alarm; start with fright; marvel, wonder, be astonished, be overwhelmed, be staggered; gape, goggle;<br> <br> <font size=+1>iruTTule naan oru sattam keeTTu tiTukkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I heard a noise in the dark and flinched</font><br> 1) (pinvaangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> hesitate; waver<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii tiirppu eTukka neeriTum poodu tayangaade</font><br> <font size=+1>When you're faced with a decision to make, you can't flinch or waver</font><br> 1) (velahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pinvaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> move or draw away; step aside or away; pull back, retreat<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ennadaan enne oongi kutturamaadiri naTiccaalum naan pinvaangaamalee niNNukkiTTirundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>He confronted me and I thought he would hit me, but I stood my ground and didn't flinch</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> tremble or shake with fear; quail with fear, as at seeing s.t. or s.o.; be afraid, cowardly, as to do s.t.; get cold feet; cower, cringe, shrink, recoil, shy (away), pull back; shiver, tremble, shake<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan uNmeye solla naTungineen</font><br> <font size=+1>When it came to telling the truth, I flinched</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fling</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eri)</font> 2b tr <br> hurl, throw; be quick in giving, as a reply; sling, cast, pitch, lob, propel, project, launch; (inf.) heave, chuck <br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna payyan enmeele kalle erinjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The little boy flung a stone at me.</font><br> 1) (viisu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 intr <br> crack, as a whip; flog; throw/fling, as a stone; fan; splash<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda payyan naay meele oru kallu viisinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That boy flung a stone at the dog</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(visiru)</font> 3 tr <br> hurl (a sword, lance, etc.); throw, propel<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avan kiTTe kattiye visirineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I flung the knife at him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eri)</font> 2b tr <br> throw or cast, as a look, weapon, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When she said that, he flung me a look, but I didn't flinch</font><br> 1) (viisu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sozatti eri)</font> 2b tr <br> whirl, as a weapon, and hurl it<br> <font size=+1>In the hammer throw, they take this huge weight, whirl it around and fling it as far as they can</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> push; shove; hurl s.o., as into a room or prison<br> <font size=+1>He was flung into prison and languished there for years until DNA testing freed him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fling down/away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki eri)</font> 2b tr <br> throw or hurl down; throw away<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava seyal kulainda nilaiyil piratiyai neruppile tuukki pootan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was so frustrated he flung the manuscript into the fire</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki eri)</font> 2b tr <br> throw or hurl down; throw away<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was so frustrated he flung the manuscript into the fire</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fling oneself into s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall or drop into some piece of furniture<br> <br> <font size=+1>roompa soorvile ava naakkaaliyile vizuntu oru maNi neeram tungitaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was so tired he flung himself into a chair and dozed for an hour</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fling s.t. on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTik koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dress quickly; put on o's clothes in haste<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>etaavatu maaTTiTu kiLampu, naama poolaa !</font><br> <font size=+1>Just get dressed--fling something on and let's just go!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suNTi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> flick or toss, as a coin<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama kaasu suNTi muTivu pannalaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's flip a coin and decide</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soTukki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> flick, as a whip; whip up, as a horse<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru savukalye soTukki viTTu ellarum kutikkaNuuNu etir paakiraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He flips his whip and expects everybody to jump</font><br> 1) (taTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ?</B> <font size=+1>(tiruppiTu ?)</font> 4 tr <br> turn s.o. or s.t. to o's own advantage; cause s.o. (e.g. a spy, a terrorist) to change allegiances and work for another side<br> <font size=+1>They managed to flip some of the spies they caught and get them to spy for their own side, but they had to use torture</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flip (s.t.) off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> tap (s.t.) off; flick off, as dust, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avamaana paTTiruppaanu nii ninaikalaa aanaa avan ate tuci maatiri taTTiTTu pooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>You'd think he would have been insulted but he just flipped it off like so much dust and went his way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flip flop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uusalaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of mind) vacillate, be undecided<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vishayattule kozambi pooyi muTivu teriyaama uusalaaTikkiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've been vacillating and flip-flopping on this issue</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flip over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> turn over, as a cake, cards, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When he got his hand of cards, he flipped them over and studied them</font><br> 1) (tiruppi pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (tiruppu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flip through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn over; rummage through, searching for s.t.; skim through/over<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahatte poraTTi paattaa viruviruppaana kade maadiri teriyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Just flipping through the pages of the book, it looks like a fast-paced story</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flip up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> move upwards; move s.t. up; flick up, as a switch<br> , <br> <font size=+1>cuviccai nii meelee tuukkiviTa veeNNum,kiizee alla</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to flip the switch up, not down</font><br> 1) (meele taTTi viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flippant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be playful or frivolous; be full of levity; be mischievous; fail to show a serious or respectful attitude; be facetious, tongue-in-cheek; disrespectful, irreverent, cheeky, impudent, impertinent;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan mudalaaLiyin munnaal veLeyaaTTakaa iruppatu nallataaka paTaville</font><br> <font size=+1>He was very flippant in the presence of his boss, which didn't bode well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaalaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> do mischief; be mischievous; be disrespectful; fail to show a serious or respectful attitude; react inappropriately<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>naanee unne veele niikkam seyyaame irukka kaaraNam teeTiTTu irukkurakappo vaalaaTTuttanamaaha padil soollaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't give flippant answers when I'm looking for reasons why I shouldn't fire you!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaay niiLu)</font> 1 intr 3pn + dat <br> speak disrespectfully<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>ava eppovum vaay niiLamaaha padil solvadu ?? ena neneccittu irukaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just thinks it's cute to give flippant answers all the time</font><br> 1) (naakku niiLu) 1 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vambu aLa)</font> 7 intr <br> be gossipy; be talkative; be frivolous<br> <font size=+1>He's so glib and impertinent, giving flippant answers when he should be serious</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayi niiLu)</font> 1 intr 3pn + dat <br> speak disrespectfully<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avan eppavum vaayi niiLamaa badil solraduNNu nenekkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just thinks it's cute to give flippant answers all the time</font><br> 1) (naakku niiLu) 1 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flirt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sallaabi)</font> 6i <br> be friendly; talk intimately; dally<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava peNkakiTTe mariyaataiyaaha naTappatuku patilaa eppoovum sallaabikka muyarci seyiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's always trying to flirt with the girls when he needs to show more respect</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sarasamaaTu)</font> 4i <br> be coy, coquettish, behave with intimacy; invite advances from s.o.; make eyes at<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazaiya paTangkaLil peNkaL kaNkaLe simiTTi sarasamaaTuvate paakalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old Hollywood movies, you see women flirting a lot, batting their eyelashes and stuff</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam peyar)</font> 2 intr <br> migrate; displace<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan oru sukantira parave. paTTaapuucci poole angkeyu ingkeyu eTam peyaram senjikiTTu iruppan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's the kind of free spirit that just flits from place to place, like a butterfly or a moth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parandu tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> fly or dart about<br> , ?? <br> <font size=+1>avaL oru siNNa paraveye poola, ??iTaiyee parandtu tirikiraaL</font><br> <font size=+1>She just flits about from suitor to suitor, like a little bird</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(serakaTiccu para)</font> 7 intr <br> flutter or flap about, as a bird; fly, as o's imagination<br> <br> <font size=+1>en sindanai oru vishayattilirundu mattonrukku serakaTiccu parandu koNTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>My thoughts were flitting about from one topic to another</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(para)</font> 7 intr <br> fly; dart; move quickly; pass swiftly, as time<br> <br> <font size=+1>inta kavite oru vishayatiliruntu mattatukku parantu taavukinratu</font><br> <font size=+1>The poem flits from one topic to another, and lack substance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>float</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meda, moda)</font> 6 intr <br> bob, be buoyed up; swim; be buoyant; remain, move or swim on the surface of water, in a liquid, in the air, etc.; glide gracefully or lightly<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande niirule modandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child floated on the water.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTTam iTu)</font> 4 intr <br> hover or circle about, as before o's mind or eyes<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vibattukku apuro, en kaNNu munne puLLikaL vaTTam iTTu koNTirundana</font><br> <font size=+1>After the accident, there were spots floating in front of my eyes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(medakka (modakka) vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> launch, as a company, firm, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They are going to float a new venture, in the tech area.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(medandu (modandu) poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move or drift about by floating<br> , <br> <font size=+1>njaayittu kizame pakal, aaril medandu poovadu suhamaaha irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's nice to be floating down the river, on a Sunday afternoon.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>float (between)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uusal aaTu)</font> 3i <br> vacillate; swing between; fluctuate in price<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>? vilai ezunuurukkum munnuuti ampadukkum naTuvile uusal aaTiTTu irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The price of the stock has been floating between a high of 700 and a low of 350</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>float up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(medandu (modandu) eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> go or ascend upwards through buoyancy<br> , ??<br> <font size=+1>naangka ade muuzha vekka muyarci cenjoom, anaa adu medandu eerik koNTe irundatu</font><br> <font size=+1>We tried to sink it, but it just kept floating up to the surface</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraNTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come together in large numbers<br> <br> <font size=+1>andi neerattile anda vayalile paravaihaL teraNTu vandu kuTukirana</font><br> <font size=+1>The birds tend to flock to that field late in the day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teraNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go together in larger numbers<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>makkaL anda paTattuTaiya pudiya ?? teraNTu pooyi paakuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People have been flocking to the latest version of that movie</font><br> 1) (kuuTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moyccu koNTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come swarming in large numbers; swarm in<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNTike naaLkaLile makkaL kooyil irukkira uurukku kuuTTamaaha moyccu koNTu varuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During festivals, people flock into the temple towns in absolute swarms</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flog</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat (with a whip, rod, cane, stick, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kaalatile aangkileeyar paLLigaLil maaNavanga tappaaha naTandaa kucciyale aTipaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the British schools, students were once flogged with canes for misbehavior</font><br> 1) (veLaasu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flog a dead horse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uukkappaTutta moyal)</font> 1 tr <br> try to interest s.o. in a hopeless cause; try to make s.o. interested (usu. in vain); waste o's efforts, strive uselessly<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda turaikku puttuyiruuTTa muyalvadu iranda kudiraiye uukkappaTutta moyalvate poolatu ena avariTam naan sonneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I told him that trying to revive this department was like flogging a dead horse.</font><br> 1) (oTambe alaTTikkoo ~(sh tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flood</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ale poraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> roll in waves or billows (lit. or fig.); swell up and overwhelm, as rivers<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kiLiNTan vaashingTan D.C. vandappa jananga veLLam ale poraNTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When Clinton came to Washington DC there was a wave of enthusiasm that flooded the place</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be flooded; be wet or spilled over; be covered with water<br> <font size=+1>When it rains, the streets here get flooded and you can't get through</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLa perukkeTu)</font> 6 intr <br> rise in a flood; come like a flood, as tears, emotions, etc.; be in a spate;<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan pazaya uuruku tirumpa poonappoodu, en manasile pala uNarvukaL veLLa perukkeTuttu ooTiyatu</font><br> <font size=+1>When I went back to the old town, my mind was flooded with emotions of all sorts</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to be flooded; inundate; cover with water<br> <font size=+1>During the election, they flooded the district with posters and petitions for their candidate</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(muuzkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> inundate; submerge; overwhelm, as with love, gifts, etc.<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 6b tr, intr <br> supply in large quantities, as an article in the market; heap up; pile up, as arms, etc.; accumulate, as backlog of work, applications, etc.<br> . . . <br> <font size=+1>ippootellaa siinaavile senja maTTamaana ci.Tikalum Ti.vi.Tikalum markeTule kuvindu irukkiratu</font><br> <font size=+1>The markets are now flooded with cheap copies of CD's and DVD's, all made in China</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(nerambi vazi)</font> 2b intr <br> overflow; flow over; be abundant; be crowded or packed<br> <br> <font size=+1>kizakkilirundu vandirukira ahadingaLaale teruvella nerambi vaziyutu</font><br> <font size=+1>The streets are now overflowing--flooded with refugees from the east</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>floor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu viizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> knock down; bring down to the floor or ground; defeat<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttu caNTe viirane mutal cuttuleeyee aTiccu viizttiyataale muTintatu</font><br> <font size=+1>The boxer was floored in the first round, and that was the end</font><br> 1) (tooRkaTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tehekka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> perplex, confound, puzzle; amaze, astonish, dumbfound, stagger, surprise, startle, stun, nonplus; throw, shake, discompose, bewilder, baffle, mystify, bemuse, perplex, puzzle, confuse; take aback, sha<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan connatu enne tehekka vayyatu,atanaale patil onnum toonale</font><br> <font size=+1>I was absolutely floored by what he said, and couldn't think of an answer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaTeccippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be perplexed or confounded; stare in bafflement<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa tiTTatte paattu ava rombavum vaayaTecci poonaa. irundaalum kaTesiyaa ooraLavukku sudaariccikkiTTu badil sonnaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was floored by his proposal, but managed to finally stammer out an answer.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tehekka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> perplex, confound, puzzle; amaze, astonish, dumbfound, stagger, surprise, startle, stun, nonplus; throw, shake, discompose, bewilder, baffle, mystify, bemuse, perplex, puzzle, confuse; take aback, sha<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan sonnadu enne tehekka vaccadu, adanaale badil oNNum tooNalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I was absolutely floored by what he said, and couldn't think of an answer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>floored, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizeevizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall down; be knocked down; be defeated<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirpaaraama valaduppakka kuttaale avan kiize vizundu toolviyaTenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was floored by a sudden left jab, and went down in defeat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTivaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> take a severe beating; fail miserably; come a cropper; collapse, slump, drop, fall, tumble. <br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paTattukku kannaa pinnaaNNu vimarsanam koTuttu suttamaa aTivaangiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The movie opened to mixed reviews and then flopped completely</font><br> 1) (ozi) 2b intr<br> 2) (toolviyaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toppeNNu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drop or throw with a thud or thump<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan iira tuNiyai kayapooTuvatarku patilaa toppeNNu taraiyile pooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just flopped his wet clothes on the floor instead of hanging them up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flop down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toppeNNu vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> plump or fall down with a thud; plump down heavily or clumsily<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandu naTandu vandu kaTaisiyile oru naakkaaliyile toppuNNu vizundaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He came in and just flopped down in a chair</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flop over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTiirNNu maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> move, change suddenly, as from one side to another, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anta aamaikaL oru pakkattilirundu maru pakkatukku tiTiirenru maarum</font><br> <font size=+1>Those turtles can flop from one side to another</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flounce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noTiccu viTTup poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go after making a contemptuous, impertinent gesture; leave in a huff<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan araiyilirundu noTiccu viTTup poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gave me the finger and then flounced out of the room in a huff</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> swagger away; go, with the body swaying, jerking, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanga summa poomaTTanga, araiyilirundu aaTTi koNTu poovaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They don't just leave, they flounce out of the room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veehamaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go in impatience, anger, irritation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangalukku koovam vantaa kaiyai aaTTiTTu veehamaa poovaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When they get angry, they flounce out of the room, elbows flailing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flounder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tallaaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make mistakes; blunder<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu vidimure saasaNattukku vaakkeTuppu eduvum illaama arasaangam taLLaaTiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has been floundering after the "no" vote on the constitution</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> stumble; hesitate; make awkward efforts<br> <br> <font size=+1>samiipattule naTanda kalavarattukku apparam enna seyradunnu teriyaama arasaangam taTumaarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>After the recent riots, the government has floundered around, unable to decide what to do</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> stumble; make stumbling or awkward movements; stagger; falter<br> , <br> <font size=+1>manaivi eranda appuram avan konjca kaalam taLLaaTinaan, aanaa ippoo paravaayille</font><br> <font size=+1>After his wife's death, he kind of floundered around for a while, but now he's better</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flounder (about)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTikkiTTupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> stagger away; go away with faltering, reeling steps<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane talaiyile aTiccadum avan konjcam taLLaaTikkiTTupoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After he was hit in the head, he sort of floundered around and then staggered away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flounder about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaarikkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> stumble about; blunder about; thrash about<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan viLakkup pittaanaik kaNTupiTikkum vare paakka muTiyaame taTumaarikkiTTiruntaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Unable to see, he floundered around until he found a light switch</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flounder through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozaru)</font> 3 intr <br> speak with incoherence; stumble and make mistakes in speaking; babble, mumble<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar tannooTa peeccule ilakkaNap piza romba senjci konjcam kozarunaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He floundered through the speech, making many mistakes of grammar</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flour</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maavu tuuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> sprinkle or dust flour on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>koozit tuNTee samappaTuttinadukku apparam maavu tuuvi suTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>After you flatten the chicken pieces, flour them with cornmeal and then bake.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flourish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 tr <br> wave or swing about in the air<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela naaTTupura aaTTattule aampaLenga vaaLe kaattule viisikkiTTiruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In some of these folk dances, the men flourish swords in the air.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sezi)</font> 6i <br> grow luxuriantly, as plants, etc.; thrive, as business, etc.; prosper, as people<br> <br> <font size=+1>mundiya arasooTe toolvikki apparam viyaapaaram seziccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The businesses have flourished since the defeat of the previous government</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(siirum sirappumaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> live happily, actively or well; prosper<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTesiyile avanga siirum sirappumaa irundu rombavum mahizcciyaa irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the end, they flourished and all lived happily ever after</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> increase or grow, as business; get larger; expand, as activities, wealth, etc.; boom<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippoo viyaapaaram peruhi irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Business has flourished and is actually booming now.</font><br> 1) (vaLaru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flout</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeLanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1t <br> mock; scoff or jeer at<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanga appaTi seyyumpoodu marapuvazikaLe eeLanam seyraanga. atanaale avangaLe taNTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>They are flouting convention when they do that, and ought to be punished</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuru)</font> 3 intr <br> well or spring forth, as water in a well<br> <br> <font size=+1>varacciku pirahu taNNi nalla uuri ooTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>After the drought, the water started to flow again nicely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> run or move along, as a river, stream, etc.; circulate, as the blood<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>varuhatile ippodu aaru nallaa ooTutu, aanaa vasanda kaalam vare kaattirundu paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>The river flows smoothly at this time of year, but wait for spring!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saraLamaa vaa)</font> 2c intr + dat <br> proceed continuously and smoothly, as thought, ideas, words, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peesurappoo avanuTaya eNNangkaL saraLamaa vaaruvataale avan sooluvate unnaale pinpatta muTiyidu</font><br> <font size=+1>When he speaks, his thoughts flow so smoothly you follow everything he says</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sori)</font> 2i <br> pour down, as rain; fall down, as flowers from trees; trickle down, as tears<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pozi)</font> 2 i <br> pour or come down, as rain; proceed smoothly, as speech; be mellifluous<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 2b intr <br> decrease, ebb; drip; trickle down, as tears<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan manacil uNarvuhal poongkiyataale avan kaNNule kaNNiir vaTindu ooTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tears began to flow down his cheeks as his mind overflowed with emotion</font><br> 1) (sindu) 3 intru<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(paayi)</font> 2b intr <br> move along continuously, as water; run, as a river, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNi inga rombavum amaidiyaa paayudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water flows smoothly here</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(tongu)</font> 3 intr <br> hang or fall, as hair, garments, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa kuundal niiLamaa irukkradaale, aaTaiyep poola tongudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her hair was so long it flowed down like a garment</font><br> 1) (sora) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flower</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malar)</font> 2 intr <br> open, as a flower; bloom; (of face) beam with joy; (of heart) be cheerful<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paLLi mattiyadum puuttu malarntaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He began to flower and bloom after he changed schools</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(arumbu)</font> 3i <br> spring out, as a bud, blossom<br> <br> <font size=+1>vasanda kaalatile moTTuhaL arumbi azakaana nirangalile malarkirana</font><br> <font size=+1>In the spring, the buds flower out in glorious colors</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puuviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> put forth or produce flowers, as plants<br> , <br> <font size=+1>manakkum puukkaL, inda seTiyile vasanda kaalattin kaTaiciyile puukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This plant flowers late in spring with very aromatic blossoms</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flub</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do or perform wrongly<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan naTakattin mudal naal varihale tappaa seyyitaan,anaal apurama nalla panraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He flubbed his lines on the first night of the play, but after that he was okay</font><br> 1) (moosamaa paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (tappaa paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moocamaakac seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do or perform poorly, badly or incompetently<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava oru arikkai seyya veeNTiyataa irundadu,anaa ava ate moocamaaha seydaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was supposed to produce a report, but he flubbed it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flub up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappu seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> err; make a mistake; blunder; fluff<br> . . ?<br> <font size=+1>Tee. nii tappu senjiTTeTaa. ippa enna seyya poore?</font><br> <font size=+1>You flubbed up, buddy! Now what are you gonna do?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fluctuate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> change, vary; vacillate; fluid, be<br> , <br> <font size=+1>varusattile inda samayam vile maaru, uusalaaTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The prices fluctuate and vacillate at this time of year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeri erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> move up and down, as prices, temperature, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>The temperature fluctuates in the spring, sometimes hot, sometimes cool</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(neleyaNNu iru)</font> 7i <br> be unstable; vacillate; waver, as prices, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaapi vile eNNe vilaiyai madiriyee neleyaNNu irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Coffee prices, like oil prices, fluctuate a lot</font><br> 1) (aaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fluff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavara viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> forget or leave out, as a word or line in reciting, etc.; fail to catch, as a ball<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa varikaLai tavara viTTadaale avane naaTahattilirundu veLiyerrinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He fluffed his lines and had to be removed from the play</font><br> 1) (viTTuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siluppu)</font> 3 tr <br> bristle up, as feathers, quills, etc.; ruffle up, as hair<br> <font size=+1>Birds preen themselves and fluff their feathers</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fluff up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urcaahap paTuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> toss up and aerate, as a pillow, mattress, etc.; let air act upon s.t.; encourage s.o.'s wilted enthusiasm<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan sela samayam veruttup poona maadiri iruppaan. avane urcaakap paTuttikkiiTTee irukkaNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>He gets dejected sometimes, so you have to fluff him up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fluid, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neleyillaamal iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unstable or unsettled<br> , <br> <font size=+1>angkee nelavaro neleyillaame irukkudu, atanaale naangka ate kaNkaaNucciTTu irukkiroom</font><br> <font size=+1>The situation there is fluid, and we're watching it very closely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozenjipoo)</font> 3b intr <br> flow<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTi teene suuTaana eTattule vaccaa adu kozenjcipooyiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you put the honey in warm place, it will get fluid</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uusalaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> swing back and forth, remain unstable, vacillate<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vaakkup padivu ippoo uusalaaTudu, aanaa adu appuram neleyaahalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>The vote is kind of fluid right now, but it may stabilize later</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flummox</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozambu)</font> 3 intr <br> confuse, bewilder, confound, flabbergast<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan oru nimisham kozambi pooyi avan keeLvikki padil solla muTiyaama tavicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was flummoxed for a minute and couldn't answer his question</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flunk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niNNuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> drop out, as from a school, etc.; discontinue, as from studies<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oree varushuttule kalluuri paTippileerundu niNNuTu ippoo accahattule veele seyyiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He flunked out after a year in college, and now he's working in a print shop</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suziccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> mark (test results, answer scripts) as unsatisfactory; give a failing or zero grade to<br> <br> <font size=+1>pariTcaiyile eemaattunadunaale vaattiyaar avane pariTceyile suzicciTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He was caught cheating and the professor flunked him</font><br> 1) (feyil-aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to discontinue; remove, as from school, etc.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paLLikkuuTattule maarkku romba kammiyaa vaangunadunaale avane paLLikkuuTattuleerundu neruttiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They flunked him out of school because of poor grades</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaru)</font> 3 intr <br> fail, as in an exam, test, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naa pariicceyile tavara viTTataale paaTattiTTattai maruppaTiyu muzukka paTikka veeNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>I flunked the test, so now I have to retake the whole course!</font><br> 1) (kooTTe viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flush</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham seva)</font> 7 intr <br> blush; flush (red) with anger; redden; get red in the face<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobam vandaa en appaavukku moham sevanduTum</font><br> <font size=+1>My father's face tends to flush when he's angry</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paranduTa seyyi)</font> 1t <br> scare off, as birds; cause to fly off<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tuppaakki veTicci, seTiyile irunda paraveyellaatteyum paranduTa senjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the gun went off, it flushed all the birds out of the bushes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sevakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> redden; cause to turn red<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga sonnadu avane muham sevakka senjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>What you said made him flush with embarrassment</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(piiriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> rush out; flow out with a rush<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNekkaTTu oTanjadu taNNi piiriTTu vandu aatule kalandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the dam burst, the water flushed out into the river</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flush out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiciyuuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> clean with water; wash out<br> <br> <font size=+1>kakkuusil veele muTinjavoTane taNNiye nallaa aTiccuuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>When you're finished in the bathroom, flush out the bathtub with clean water.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLivara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to come out; drive out<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inge romba paNam kaNakkule kaaTTaama irukku. ateyellaam naama veLivara seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>There are financial resources hidden there, we just need to flush them out.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLi koNTuvaa (koNTaa))</font> 2c tr <br> make s.t., s.o. emerge from hiding, as game, opposition, enemies<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippootu avanga tooraa pooraa male pahudiyile oLinjirukira taalaipaane veLi koNTu vara muharci seyyiraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Right now they're attempting to flush the Taliban out of hiding in the mountains around Tora Bora</font><br> 1) (flash-auT paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (veLiyee vara seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flush, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sezi)</font> 6i <br> be luxuriant, abundant; be prosperous<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazaikki appuram uurule puuvellaam malarndu sezicci irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The countryside is flush with flowers now, after the rain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pongi vazi)</font> 2b intr <br> be abundant or plentiful, as with money, comforts, etc.; overflow; (be level with?)<br> , <br> <font size=+1>enakku munnaale paNakkashTam irundudu, aanaa ippoo enakku selvam pongi vaziyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was hurting financially there for a while, but now I'm pretty flush</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flushed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham malar)</font> 2i <br> (of face) be filled with pleasure; beam<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava perumeyile moham malarndaan</font><br> <font size=+1>His face was beaming, flushed with pride</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paraparapaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be excited or eager<br> <br> <font size=+1>His face with flushed, eager to face the challenge</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fluster</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padara vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put s.o. into a confused state; make nervous; fluster<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan muTivillaada keeLviye keeTTu enne padara vaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He flustered me with his incessant questions</font><br> 1) (patattappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(padaTTappaTa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make nervous or confused; put into a state of agitation and confusion; create turmoil<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>niingka keeTTa keeLvihaL avare padaTTappaTa seytaccu; niingka innu anudaapamaakaa irukkaNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>You flustered him with all those questions; you should be kinder</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTimayakkam paNNa vaiyyi @(rb intr)@)</font> 1 te <br> make intoxicated; cause to be excited and confused with drink; get s.o. drunk; flustered, be<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii avane romba kuTikka vacci kuTimayakkam paNNa vacciTTe</font><br> <font size=+1>You made him drink too much, and got him all flustered</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kiru kirukka seyyi)</font> 1t <br> cause to be giddy, with or without drink<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda anubavam avane kiru kirukka seydu avanukku parapparappe uuTTiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The experience flustered him and got him all excited</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> confuse; make nervous or agitated<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii avaLe kozappiiyuTTuTTe</font><br> <font size=+1>You've confused and flustered the poor girl</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flustered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paraparappu aTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be excited and agitated; be nervous and confused<br> <br> <font size=+1>talaivar innum saappaaTu illeeNNu sonnavoTane kuuTTam paraparappu aTenjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the leader said that there was no more food, the people got flustered</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flutter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> beat rapidly, as the heart; move quickly, as the eyelids; be in a flurry; be agitated; quiver, tremble<br> <br> <font size=+1>padaTTattule avaLooTa kaNNimai tuTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her eyelids fluttered, she was so excited</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> beat quickly and irregularly, as the heart; be tremulous, excited or nervous; flap, as a flag or wings<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nenjam padaTTattule paTappaTaNNu aTiccikkiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was so excited his heart was fluttering erratically</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTapaTa)</font> 6 intr <br> wave or flap, as a flag in the air; beat irregularly, as the heart; move rapidly, as the eyelids<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTi kaattule appappa paTapaTaNNu parandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flag fluttered in the breeze, snapping occasionally in the wind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>flux</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urukki kalakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> fuse through melting<br> <br> <font size=+1>inaippukkuLLe deravatte urukki kalakka seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to flux the soldering fluid onto the joint</font><br> 1) (urukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pori para)</font> 7 intr <br> fly in pieces or apart; fly off, as sparks; splash or spray<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar kambiiramaa naTandu varappa pori parakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>When he gets going, sparks really fly!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> escape, flee, take flight; travel by air; rush; fleet, as time<br> <br> <font size=+1>viLeyaaTTaa irukkrappa neeram parandu pookudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Time flies when you're having fun</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> run away, take flight; flee; pass quickly, as time<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeram ooTi poonade naanga kavanikkaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>The time flew by, and we hardly noticed it</font><br> 1) (paranduTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vimaanam ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fly a plane, pilot a plane<br> <br> <font size=+1>amiliya yaarkaaTTu modalle aahaaya vimaanam ooTTuna poNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>Amelia Earhart was one of the first women to fly a plane</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(parakka vuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to fly, as a kite, flag, plane, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu raattiri naanga kaattaTikkira eTattukku pooyi paTTam parakka viTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We went down to a windy place and flew kites last night</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(para)</font> 7i <br> move through the air, as a bird, a kite, etc.; flutter, as a flag; travel by air; pass swiftly, as time; rush, hurry<br> , <br> <font size=+1>neeramaayiTTudu, naan parandu poohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>It's gotten late, I must fly!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fly at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paayi)</font> 2b tr <br> leap at; lash out, verbally; attack<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan avaLe koobamuuTTiyadum, ava en meele paanji kattinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>When I made her angry, she flew at me and screamed and carried on</font><br> 1) (paanji vizu) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fly at, let</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> attack with weapons or words<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sela samayam tannaiyee marandu ellaareyum taakkuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just loses it sometimes, and lets fly at everybody</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fly in pieces</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sedaru)</font> 3 intr <br> break in pieces; scatter<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan taTTe sovattule erinjadum adu oTenji sedaricci</font><br> <font size=+1>When he threw the plate against the wall, it just broke and flew apart</font><br> 1) (sedari poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fly in the face of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edir)</font> 6 tr <br> defy; oppose<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda karuttu marabuvazikki etiraa irukku. aanaalum ide moyarci senji paakkalaamNu naan nenekkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>This idea flies in the face of conventional wisdom, but I think it's worth a try</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fly into (a state)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erinji vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> become angry; lash out verbally; shout at<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela samayam talaivar erinji erinji vizuvataale avarooT samaaLikka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The chair sometimes just flies into a state of rage, and you can't deal with him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fly off (the handle)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ehirikkudi)</font> 6b intr <br> jump at; lose o's temper<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan koobam vandadaale ehirikkudicci mattavangaLe tiTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He got so angry he flew off the handle and called people names</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fly, let</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(posukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shoot, with a gun, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nariye paattaa oTanee posukkiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>When you see the foxes, just let fly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTi pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be in or with foal; be with young<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudire kuTTi pooTTaa, naama kudirekki nallaa uNavuuTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>When the mares are foaling, you have to feed them well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give birth to a foal (young of horse)<br> . <br> <font size=+1>poN kudire neettu raattri kuTTi pooTTadu. adu kaTinaamana perappaa irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mare foaled last night, and it was a difficult birth</font><br> 1) (iinu) 1 tr<br> 2) (iinu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foam</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nore)</font> 6b intr <br> form or produce foam; froth<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalule suuTaa aaviye seettaa nalla nore varum</font><br> <font size=+1>When you add hot steam to the milk, it really foams</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nore taLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> froth, as at the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku koovattule vaayileeirundu nore taLLicci</font><br> <font size=+1>He got so angry, he foamed at the mouth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kodi)</font> 6i <br> boil; boil, as with anger<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava koovattule paittiyakaarane poola kodiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was so angry he was foaming like a madman</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pongu)</font> 3i <br> foam and rage, as the sea; foam, as with anger<br> <br> <font size=+1>puyalaale kaTal pongiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sea was foaming as a result of the heavy storm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fob off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> palm s.t. off; cause s.o. to accept s.t. by deceit; pull the wool over s.o.'s eyes<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda kai kaTihaaratte rooleksNNu solli ooru appaavi vaaTikke kaarankiTTe taLLiviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fobbed off the watch on an innocent customer, saying it was a Rolex</font><br> 1) (taleyile kaTTivuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>focus</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maiyamaa koo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> center around, as a novel or theme<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kavide paravaingaLe maiyamaa vecci ezudapaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This poem was written with birds as the central focus</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(orumuha paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> gather or draw about a center or point; center; converge, bring into focus, bring to a point or center; concentrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>manase orumuhappaTutti nallaa paTikkaNumNu en vaaddiyaar enakku arivure sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My teacher advised me to focus my thoughts and study hard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanam koTu)</font> 6 intr <br> come to a focus or point; become focussed<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda veele, iduvare kavanikkappaTaama irunda vishayattile kavanam koTukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The work focuses on an issue that has been ignored until now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanam seluttu)</font> 3 intr <br> bring to a focus; cause to converge<br> . <br> <font size=+1>moziyiyal sambandamaana vishayattule nii nereya gavanam seluttaNum. matta vishayatte manasule koLLaveeNTaam</font><br> <font size=+1>I want you to focus more on the linguistics of this, and ignore the other issues</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sari seyyi (@nb tr@))</font> 1 tr <br> adjust, as the lens in a camera, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Focus your lenses on the eye of the person in the camera, and you'll see what I mean</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> concentrate or direct, as o's attention, efforts, etc. on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii varumeye ozikradule un moyarciye seluttu</font><br> <font size=+1>You focus your efforts on reducing poverty</font><br> 1)x (fookas paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (gavanam seluttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanam seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> direct, aim; center o's attention on<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan muzusaa paTippule gavanam seluttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I focused all my efforts on studies.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>focus on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set o's sights on s.t., focus eyes on a target, have o's eyes on s.t. or s.b.; choose s.t. for acquiring or stealing; single out for abuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa naNban eppavum pakkattu viiTTu poNNeyee kuri vakkiradudaan veele</font><br> <font size=+1>my friend always has his eyes focused on the girl in the neighboring house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fog</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTupani paTar)</font> 2i <br> be covered or spread with fog<br> <br> <font size=+1>vimaana nileyattile muuTupani paTarndu iruppadaale vimaanangkaL taraiyile irangkale</font><br> <font size=+1>The airport is all fogged in and no planes are landing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tehekka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> bewilder, perplex, confound<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kannaapinnaanu uLari ellooreyu tehekka vaycaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just managed to fog up everybody's brains with his confused blather</font><br> 1) (muuTupaniyaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (malekka vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> confuse; obscure<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>veshayatte kuzappaatee; muTivu miha teLivaaha irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't try to fog the issue; the answer is very clear</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fog up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become moist or covered with moisture (as windows); become damp<br> j . <br> <font size=+1>jannal ella iiramaahi irukkudu. suuTeerru yandiramu ooTale</font><br> <font size=+1>The windows were fogged up and the heater wasn't working</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause s.t. to be covered with steam vapor, fog, etc.<br> <font size=+1>In the movies, they know how to fog up a scene so you think it's really like that</font><br> 1) (nane) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> spoil, thwart or upset (a hope, plan, etc.); put a stop to, stop, baffle, defeat, check, checkmate, circumvent, counter, impede, obstruct, hamper, hinder, cripple, nip in the bud; (inf.) mess up<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadingd anta kaTTiTatte veTikka tiTTamiTTaanga, aanaa avangaluTeya tiTTam keTukkappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Terrorists had plotted to blow up the building, but their plan was foiled.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prevent; check<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaakanangkaLai kaTatta muyaci seypavare naama taTukka veeNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>We must foil any attempts at hijacking</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muriyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> outwit; defeat; prevent from succeeding<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaatinga anda kaTTiTatte veTikka tiTTamiTTu irundaanga, aanaa avangaLuTeya tiTTatte naangka muriyaTiccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Terrorists were going to blow up the building but we foiled their plot</font><br> 1) (taTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (nere veeraamal seyyi ~(nb tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foist (off) on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyle kaTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fob off on; pawn off on s.t. else<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avakiTTe oru pazutaTainda kaikaTihaaram irunticci. ate ava eNNuTa taleyile kaTTiviTa paattaa</font><br> <font size=+1>He had a defective watch, and tried to foist it off on me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foist in, into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nozeccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put or introduce s.t. unwanted on the sly; interpolate<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava enga kuuTTattile nuzenjuviTa muyarsi senjaa, aduvu azepu eduvu illaame</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to foist himself into our company, uninvited.</font><br> 1) (totti koo ~(sh intr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fold</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bend, as o's arms, legs, folding chairs, tables, etc.; draw in, as the legs<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava meeseyin kaalkaLe maTakki veccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>He folded the legs on the table and put it away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cross, as arms; wrap, enclose; bind, pack<br> <br> <font size=+1>tayavu senju unga kaiye kaTTi veccukonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Cross your arms and keep them folded, please</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maTi)</font> 6b tr <br> bend s.t. over on itself, as paper, cloth, the sleeves of a dress, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaahidatte muuNaaha maTiccu kaTida urekkule pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fold the paper into three and put it into the envelope</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fold (down/back)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fold back or flat, as paper, cloth, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii naaLitaze maTiccTaal, unnaale ade sulabamaaha paTikha muTiyu</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to fold back the newspaper so you can read it better</font><br> 1) (maTakkiyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fold (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niNNuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> come to a stop; break down, as a card game; cease, as a business<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>That business folded in the late 80's when the owner died</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTuttuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of business) peter out; be negligible; be at the point of bankrupcy; (of card games) stop playing and show cards<br> <font size=+1>When I saw what he had in his hand, I decided to fold.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fold one's arms</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaikaTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cross o's arms across the chest<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naa veeleyilirundu veLiyeerukireeNNu soonapooduu, avar kaikaTTikkoNTu etuvu sollaaville</font><br> <font size=+1>When I said I was quitting, he just folded his arms and said nothing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fold one's hands</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kai ceerttuk koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put o's hands together with the fingers locked<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kaTavule tozukirapoo, makkaL kai ceerttuk kooNTu tozuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When people pray, they often fold their hands</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (kai koottukkoo) 4 ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fold s.o. in one's arms</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe)</font> 6 tr <br> embrace; clasp, as a child; fold s.o. to o's breast<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kaaNaamapoona kuzante kiTeccadu, avaLooTa ammaa avaLe aNeccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>After the lost child was found, the mother folder her in her arms</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fold up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(murinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> collapse, as a relationship, etc.; break down, as a business<br> <font size=+1>The partnership just folded and the business was shut down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fold up (shop)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTiyaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> begin to cease operations, bring s.t. to a close, end<br> <font size=+1>A lot of the dot-coms have folded up and dissolved</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>folded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bent, be packed away<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa poTavengaLellaam ozungaa maTinjirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her saris were all folded away neatly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> bend; turn; be curved; be fluted<br> <br> <font size=+1>maTangi poona aTTeye tuukki erinjiru</font><br> <font size=+1>Throw away the sheets that got folded</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maTangiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be plied, as paper, cloth, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda taaLu een maTangi irukku?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is this sheet of paper folded up?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> bend or be bent, as o's arms, legs, etc., and folding chairs, tables, etc.<br> d f 1 0<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>folded, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTangipoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become bent or out of shape; become dog-eared<br> <br> <font size=+1>pusatahattooTa pakkanga ellaam maTangipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the pages of book have become creased and folded</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foliate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ele viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> shoot out or put forth leaves; exfoliate<br> <br> <font size=+1>pani kaalattile seyalarrirunda seTi koTi ella marupaTiyu ela viTa aarambikku</font><br> <font size=+1>After a period of dormancy during the winter, the plants begin to foliate again</font><br> 1) (tuLiru) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>follow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinpaTuttu)</font> tr <br> imitate; copy; do what s.o. else does<br> <br> <font size=+1>talaivan solrade marupeeccu illaame pinpaTuttaravandaan uNmayaane toNTan</font><br> <font size=+1>A true disciple is one who follows all his leader's orders without questioning them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTepiTi @(rb tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> imitate; mock, ape<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan arasiyalle aNNaa vaziye kaTepiTikkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>politically, I follow the path of Mr. Annadurai</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppiTTukkiTTu vaa)</font> 2c tr, intr <br> come after or follow calling<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandu kavani/gavani)</font> 6b tr <br> keep up with or watch the development, progress, etc. of s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naa avarooTa seyalkaLe aarvattuTan toTandu kavanicciTu vareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've been following his movements with great interest.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pin nihaz)</font> 2 intr <br> come or go after in space, order or time; move behind in the same direction; pursue; occur in succession, as events<br> <br> <font size=+1>piranccu pooraaTTam amerikka pooraaTTattukku pin nihazndadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The French Revolution follows the American Revolution</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(purinjikkoo)</font> 1 intr <br> keep up with and understand, as a story, lesson, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>enakku indi nallaa teriyaadu. adanaale avan sonnadu edeyu purinjikka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>My knowledge of Hindi wasn't very good, so I couldn't follow at all what he said</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(viLavaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> result as an effect or consequence; come as a natural consequence<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda marunde taTe paTuttinaa adooTa viLaivaa anda poruLe padukkuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It follows that if you ban that medicine, demand for it will go underground</font><br> 1) (toTandu poo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTeppiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> obey, as religious precepts; act in accordance with, as laws, advice<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan islaamiya mada saTange pinparruraan. atanaale naama avanukku paNNi maamisam parimaara muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He follows Islamic religious laws, so we can't serve him pork</font><br> 1) (pinpaRRu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(seyalpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> carry out; execute (orders, etc.); implement a plan<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaanga aluvalaham viditta tiTTatte nii seyalpaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to follow the plan set by the government agency</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>follow through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTe puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> carry on s.t. to its completion; implement; put into practice<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu nalla tiTTam. aanaa ade sariyaa kaTeppiTikkaadadaale adu toolviyaTenjiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a good plan, but they didn't follow through, so it failed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>follow up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> pursue diligently; keep at s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>tiTTatte yaaraaccum toTandu seyyaNum. illeeNNaa adu toolviyaTenjiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone needs to follow up on the plan, or it will fail</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>follow up on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandu kaTe puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> pursue, as a suggestion, advice, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sonna karuttuhaLe toTandu kaTe puTicci adu seyalpaTumaaNNu enakku teriyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I'd like to follow up on the suggestion he made, and see if it works</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>follow visually</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viziyaale pinnaale toTar)</font> 2 tr <br> follow with the eye(s), as s.o., s.t. moving away; keep o's eye(s) on s.t. in motion; track s.t. visually<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vimaanam mareyum varekkum avan ade viziyaale pinnaale toTandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Until the plane disappeared, he followed it with his eyes</font><br> 1) (paarveyaale pinaale toTar) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foment</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTi vuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> stir up, instigate or incite, as trouble, riot, etc.; kindle, foster rebellion, etc.; provoke, agitate, excite, stir up, arouse, encourage, urge, actuate, initiate<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan romba naaLaa kalavaratte tuuNTviTTukkiTTurndaan. kaTesiyile avane kaidu cenjiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He spent a lot of time fomenting unrest until he was arrested</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ottaTam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> apply medicated liquid or ointment to; apply hot or cold compresses to<br> <br> <font size=+1>tinamum inda marundaale avan kaalukku ottaTam kuTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>His legs should be fomented with this ointment daily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fond (of), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ishTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be loving or affectionate; have a liking for<br> . <br> <font size=+1>enakku iTlinnaa romba ishTamaa irukkum. aanaa kaara miLahaay seettu konjamum puTikkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I am fond of idli, but not with hot chilis</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(priyamaahi iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be loving or affectionate; have or show a liking for<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avanooTa akkaattange meela romba piriyamaa iruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's fond of his sisters</font><br> 1) (aaseyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puTi)</font> 6b tr 3pn + dat <br> like s.o. or s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane enakku romba puTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>I am very fond of him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fondle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavu)</font> 3 tr <br> embrace; fold s.o. in o's arms<br> <br> <font size=+1>en puunekkuTTiyooTa kazutte taTavivuTa enakku romba piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>I love to fondle my kitten under the chin</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(konju)</font> 3 tr <br> caress; talk softly or tenderly; kiss<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kuzandeyooTa konji veLeyaaTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She fondled and played with the baby</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fool</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> deceive; cheat; trick<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa nalla subaavatte kaaTTi avan enne eemaattinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fooled me with his amiable manner</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTaaLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make a fool of s.o.; trick, deceive<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne puhazndu muTTaaLaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fooled me with his blandishments</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> deceive, cheat, fool<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veesham on ammaavayee eemaattiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>This disguise will fool even your mother.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fool (around)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTaaL maadiri naTa)</font> 6 intr <br> act like a fool; behave stupidly<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>appaTi muTTaaL maadiri naTakkade! adu unakku odavaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't fool around like that! It'll get you nowhere</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fool about, around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa suttu)</font> 3 intr <br> wander about uselessly or aimlessly; hang out<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>summaa suttikkiTTu neeratte viiNaakkade; seyya veeNTya veele romba irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't waste so much time, fooling around; there's work to be done!</font><br> 1) (pozade kazi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fool away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> waste away, as money, time, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaaseyellaam viiNaaTicciTTu oNNum illaama irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just fooled away the money, and was left with nothing</font><br> 1) (viiN-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fool with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> play with; handle idly or carelessly<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adooTa veLeyaaTaadee. ate nii oTeccaalum oTeccuTuve</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't fool with that, you might break it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foolish, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTaaLtanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be inane, be silly<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadir muTTaaLtanamaa irukkradunaale ellaarum avane eemattiTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Since Kadir is a foolish person, everyone cheats him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyile kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pay or settle, as a bill; pay money for; support s.t. financially<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda bille yaar taleyile kaTTuradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who's going to foot the bill?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foot, go (by/on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk; go or travel on foot; foot it<br> <br> <font size=+1>Teeksi illeennaa naan naTandudaan poohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If there are no taxis, I'll have to go on foot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foppish, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pilukku)</font> 3 intr <br> dress and act in an exaggerated style; strut about, preening<br> j <br> <font size=+1>maikkeel jaaksan meeTeyile appaTi ippaTi aaTTikkiTTu miNukkip pilukkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Michael Jackson acts so foppishly on stage, mincing and preening</font><br> 1) (kulukku) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTi tiri)</font> 2b tr <br> wander or go in search of s.t., esp. food, supplies<br> <br> <font size=+1>saapaaTu illeeNNaa naama adukkaaha teeTi tiriyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If there's no food, we'll have to forage for some</font><br> 1) (tozaavu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foray (make)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTiirNNu taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> attack or invade suddenly; make a raid; attack, assault, make an incursion, swoop (down/in), strike, make an onslaught<br> <br> <font size=+1>el. Tii. Tii kaaranga ilange raaNuva paTeye tiTiirNu taakkinadaale nereya uyir seedamaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The LTTE made forays against the Sri Lankan forces, killing many people</font><br> 1) (naasam seyyi ~(nb tr)~) 1 tr<br> 2) (koLLe aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forbid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velakkikkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> exclude; eschew; avoid<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda maadiri vishyatteyellaam naama vilakkikkaNum. illeeNNaa adooTa veLevuhale sandikka veeNTiyirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>We'll have to forbid this kind of thing, or face serious consequences</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> hinder; prevent; obstruct<br> <br> <font size=+1>unnaale idu naTakkaama taTukka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You can't forbid this from happening</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> prohibit s.t.; exclude or bar<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane ingerundu taTe senjiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been forbidden to show his face there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTaaduNNu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> say or order that s.t. should not be done, spoken, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar neettu peesinapoodu ide kuuTaaduNNu sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He expressly forbade this when he gave the speech yesterday</font><br> 1) (taTe vidi) 6b ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(maruttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> prevent authoritively, prohibit, veto; quash, annul; reject as not valid; cancel, reverse, rescind, repeal, revoke, retract, countermand, withdraw, overturn, overrule, annul, nullify, invalidate, n<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vaayee torakkakkuuTaaduNNu sarat maruttuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sarath forbade her to say anything.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>force</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTecci tera)</font> 7 tr <br> break open, as a door, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliiskaaranga kadave oTecci terandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police had to force the door and break it down.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seyarkaiyaa seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to bloom or ripen artificially<br> . <br> <font size=+1>takkaaLi pazukkale. aanaa ade seyarkeyaa kaniyavaikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>The tomatoes aren't ripe, but you can force them to ripen if you bring them into the greenhouse</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaaya paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> compel, constrain; use force in order to get s.t. or do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>rashyaakkaaranga cecciniyarkaLe kaTTaayappaTutti saraNaTeya vaikka muyarci paNNunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Russians are trying to force the Chechens to capitulate</font><br> 1) (nirbanda-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> impose s.t. on s.o.; push or stuff s.t. into<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ivanga avangaLukku taaymozikku badilaaha aangkilatte tiNicci, payanpaTutta connaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They forced them to use English instead of their mother tongues</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(puTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> draw forth; extort; pull or root out; extract; wrest<br> <br> <font size=+1>and ravuTinga avungakiTTeerundu kaasu puTunginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The thugs forced them to pay hush money</font><br> 1) (palavanda-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(seyarkeyaa vaLara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to grow artificially<br> <br> <font size=+1>takkaaLiye seyarkeyaa vaLara seyraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Those tomatoes are forced to grow in artificial environments</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(vanmure payanpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> use force or violence upon<br> , <br> <font size=+1>enakku ade seyya viruppamille, aanaa avanga vanmureye payanpaTutti enne ade seyyaveccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't want to do it, but they forced me to</font><br> 1) (muTukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(varavaze)</font> 6 tr <br> produce, effect, or bring about by force, as a smile, a reply, etc.; cause to reveal, as a secret, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava adepatti keeTTappoo avan oru punnaheye varavazeccikkiTTaan, aanaa adu mahizciyaana punnahe illa</font><br> <font size=+1>When she asked about it, he forced a smile, but it wasn't a happy smile</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(veraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> urge; drive; press s.o. or s.t. to utmost effort; cause to work, move, etc. harder or faster<br> . .<br> <font size=+1>poorkkaalattukku appuram avangalooTe viiTTileerundu avanga veraTTa paTTaanga. ippoo tirumbipooha muTiyale.</font><br> <font size=+1>They were forced to leave their homes after the war and now can't return</font><br> 1) (oTukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>force down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eranga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to come down; cause to land, as a plane<br> <br> <font size=+1>moosamaana siidooshNa nele vimaanatte eranga vaccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The plane was forced down by bad weather</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>force into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> push or stuff into; cram<br> <br> <font size=+1>pai sinnataa irundaalu avan adukkuLe samaaneyella tiNiccikkiTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The bag was too small but he forced the stuff into it and left</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>force one's pace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avasarappaTuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> be in a hurry; hurry up<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba duuram engaLe aNivariseyile avasarappaTutti naTakkaveccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>We were forced to march at a hefty clip for miles</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>force one's way</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(valinju noze)</font> 2i <br> enter forcibly<br> <br> <font size=+1>beengkukkuLLe valinji nozenji paNatteyellaam tiruTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They forced their way in and robbed the bank</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peLandukiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> force through a crowd; break through, as a window, etc.; make o's way, as a ship<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTam adikamaa irundadaale, naanga peeruntukku peLandukiTTu poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>There was such a crowd, we had to force our way through to get to the bus</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> force through a crowd; creep in; push forward<br> . <br> <font size=+1>sennaiyile pas kaN{\d d}ak{\d t}arellaam taLLippoonga taLLippoongaNNu eppavum sollikkiTTeeyiruppaanga. eeNNaa ellaarum passooTa pinnukku taLLippoohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>In the Madras buses, the conductors are constantly saying ``ta99i poonga, ta99i poonga!" because they want you to force your way further into the bus.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(peLandukiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> push through a crowd; break through, as a window, etc.; make o's way, as a ship<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTam adihamaa irundadaa, naanga peerundukku poLandukiTTu poohaveeNTiyadaa irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>There was such a crowd, we had to force our way through to get to the bus</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>force s.o. or s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make s.o. give s.t.; coerce; pressure, pressurize, press, push, constrain; compel, oblige, browbeat, bludgeon, bully, threaten, intimidate, dragoon,<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNabalattunaale paNNeyaaru vevasaayingaLe tanga nelangaLe tara senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The landlord used the strength of his financial situation to force the farmers to give up their lands</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ford</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTandu poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> cross, as a river, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga surukkamaana pahudiyile aatte kaTandu poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We forded the river at a narrow place</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> go or jump across in a shallow spot, as a stream, river, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>anda marattukku pakkattule poonaa, angeerundu naTandoo kudiccoo aatte taaNTamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you go down by that tree, you can ford the river there, either on foot or by jumping</font><br> 1) (taaNTi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forearmed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munneccarikkeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be ready in advance; be armed beforehand<br> <br> <font size=+1>munneccarikkaiyaa irundaa pakkapalattooTa irukkeengradu aangilap pazamozi</font><br> <font size=+1>Forewarned is forearmed, the saying goes</font><br> 1) (munneerpaaTaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be prepared; be ready<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa ideppatti peesurappoo nii paTicci tayaaraa irukkaNum, illeeNNaa avan unne suzicciTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to be ready and forearmed when you discuss this with him, or he'll throw you for a loop</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forebode</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arikuri kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show signs or indications beforehand; predict, foretell, forecast<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa cahunamum pirkaalattule sandooshamillaada sambavamellaam naTakkumNu arikuri kaaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the signs seem to forebode unhappy events in the future</font><br> 1) (keTTa sahunamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forecast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNi)</font> 6b tr <br> make an estimate; cast (a horoscope); forecast<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaraaleyum edirkaalatte kaNikka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can forecast the future.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) j </B> <font size=+1>(joosiyam sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> predict as an astrologer; make a prediction<br> j <br> <font size=+1>joosiyar avangaLooTe maNavazkke inbamaa irukkumNu joosiyam sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The astrologer forecast a happy marriage for the two</font><br> 1) (kuri sollu) 3 c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaaleeyee sollu)</font> 3 tr <br> say beforehand; come out with an opinion, guess or forecast about s.o. or s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>viLaiyaaTTooTa muTive munnaaleeyee solla muyarci cenjeen. aanaa muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to forecast the outcome of the game, but I couldn't</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foreclose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(japti paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> take away the right to redeem a mortgage or pledge; seize property owed payments on<br> j <br> <font size=+1>nii kaTTanatte seluttaaTTaa vangi unnooTa sotte japti paNNiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The bank will foreclose on the mortgage if you don't make the payments</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foredoomed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saabakkeeTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be tainted with a curse; be jynxed or hexed; be cursed with the evil eye; have voodoo spells on o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niyuuyaarkkule irunda ulaha varttaha maiyatte miiNTum ezuppa vishayattule saapakkeeTaana suuzinelekki taLLappaTTu enda muTivum eTukka muTiyaama irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The project to reconstruct the World Trade Center seems foredoomed--nobody can agree on what to do</font><br> 1) (sabikkappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forego</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give up; abstain from; omit to take or use; resign; relinquish<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama inda piraccanekki muTivu kaaNrade ippoodekki viTTuTaNumNu naan nenekkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think we'll have to forego finding a solution to this problem for now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> relinquish; abstain or refrain from; go or do without, as allergic food items, drugs, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>un uTal konjam meliyuvare nii inippu sappiTaama odukkiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>You'll have to forego eating sweets for a while until you lose some weight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tora)</font> 7 tr <br> renounce or relinquish, as pleasures, habits, etc.; renounce and become an ascetic; give up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda madakuzuvule seendapoo sila pazakkavazakkangkaLe torandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he joined that sect, he had to forego certain habits</font><br> 1) (anubavikkaama iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foresee</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaaleeyee oNar)</font> 2 tr <br> have foresight or perception of; perceive or see in advance<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela peeraala edirkaalattule naTakka poorade munnaaleeyee oNaramuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people have the ability to foresee the future</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> expect; anticipate; see in advance; predict, foretell<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tiTTattooTa viLaivuhaLe ennaale edirpaakka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I wasn't able to foresee the consequences of the plan</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foreshadow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnarikuri kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> embody, signal, indicate, signify, mean, be a sign of, suggest, herald, be a harbinger of, warn of, portend, prefigure, presage, promise, point to, anticipate;<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vahuppu paaTattule moosamaa senjadu pariTceyile moosamaa senjadukku munnarivuppu kaaTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her poor performance in the classroom foreshadowed her poor performance in the exam</font><br> 1) (eccarikkai seyyi) 1b intr<br> 2) (arikuriyaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forestall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaattu niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> expect and act beforehand to stop/prevent s.t.; anticipate and act in advance to prevent s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga pala veeleye senji ediri nirvanattooTa aakkiramippa edirpaattu niruttaveeNTiyirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We had to many things in order to forestall the takeover by a hostile client</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mundikkiTTu taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> thwart or prevent by action in advance; hinder and prevent<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa paziye idu mundikiTTu taTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>This should forestall any criticism on their part</font><br> 1) (munnoNandu taTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foretell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> presage; show or indicate beforehand; serve as a forecast or foreshadow of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaraale varungkaalatte kuri sollamuTiyumNu soluraar</font><br> <font size=+1>He claims to be able to foretell the future</font><br> 1) (sollu) 3c tr<br> 2) (munnarivi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) j </B> <font size=+1>(joosiyam sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> utter predictions as an astrologer; make predictions based on astrology<br> j <br> <font size=+1>joosiyar pirkaalattepatti joosiyam solluvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The astrologer makes predictions and foretells the future</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forewarn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eccari)</font> 6b tr <br> warn, caution; warn beforehand<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna naTakkalaamNu eccarikke seyya vandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Just a word of caution to forewarn you about what may happen</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(putti sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> give advice to; offer words of counsel to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe eppaTi pazahuraduNNu naan onakku putti sollappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I want to forewarn you about dealing with him</font><br> 1) (arivuruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forfeit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pari kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> lose, as a forfeit; lose s.t. in consequence of some action, etc.; be taken away<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga aNiyile teeveyaana aaTTakkaaranga illaadadaale naanga pooTTiye pari kuTuttoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We had to forfeit the game because we didn't have enough players</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> let go of a claim, right, etc. as a consequence of some action, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaahidattule naan kaiyezuttu pooTTadum kozande paadukkaappiiTTut tohaiyooTa ennooTa urimeye naan viTTukkuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I forfeited my right to child support when I signed that paper</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ezanduTu)</font> 4 tr <br> lose; suffer the loss of s.t. as a result of game, wager, failure, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>viyaapaarattile viiTTe aTahukku veccadaale ade avan ezanduTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He forfeited the ownership of his house, which he had placed as collateral in business</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppantam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make; form; create<br> <br> <font size=+1>pala naaTkaLaaha peeccuvaartte naTattina appuram avunga oppandam senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They forged an agreement after days and days of negotiation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiricci ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> be fraudulent; invent or fabricate, as a lie, a story, etc<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan pattirangaLai tircci ezudi sotteyellaam parikkap paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He forged the documents and tried to claim all the property</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaacci aTicci uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> form by heating and hammering<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jappanle vaaLeyellaam paTTareyile kaacci aTiccu uruvaakkuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They make steel swords in Japan by forging them on an anvil</font><br> 1) (taTTi uruvaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pooli kaiyezuttu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fake a signature; sign s.o. else's name as o's own on a document<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enneppoola poolik kaiyezuttup pooTTu en vangi kaNakkuleerundu paNam eTukka muyarci senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He forged my signature and tried to take money about of my account</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tiricci ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> invent or fabricate, as a lie, a story, etc.; counterfeit, replicate illegally<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan pattirangaLe tircci ezudi sotteyellaam parikka paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He forged the documents and tried to claim all the property</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forge ahead</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundikkiTTu ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> go into the lead; get in front; move ahead and overtake others, as in a race<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan muuNaavadu eTattuleerundu mundikkiTTu ooTi jeyiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was only in third place but then he forged ahead, and won!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(munneeru)</font> 3 intr <br> progress; move ahead; show development<br> <br> <font size=+1>tayangikkiTTu irukkaama idule munneeraNumNu virumbureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wish they'd stop dithering and just forge ahead on this</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(munnukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> progress by striving; move ahead; become prosperous, with or without difficulty<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku romba kashTam irundaalum munnukku vandu taNNooTa vaazkkeye nalla moreyile muTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He had a lot of difficulties, but forged ahead and finished his life in very good shape</font><br> 1) (mundi-kiTTu poo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forget</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham marandupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> fail to recognize a face; draw a blank<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozendekki ammaa moham marandu poohaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child does not forget its mother's face.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTciyam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> disregard; disdain; slight; take no note of; neglect deliberately<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ide alaTciyam senji oNNumee naTakkaada maadiri naTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I want you to just ignore this and forget it, and act like nothing happened</font><br> 1) (marandu poo) 3b tr<br> 2) (alaTciyappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mara)</font> 7 tr <br> fail to remember or keep in mind; be unable to recall; lose from the memory<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>manniccikkoonga, naan unga peere maranduTTeen!</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm sorry, I have forgotten your name!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tavarippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> omit or neglect to do s.t.; leave out doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii avarukku poon seyya tavariTTe</font><br> <font size=+1>You forgot to phone him today!</font><br> 1) (maranduTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(porakkaNi)</font> 6 tr <br> slight; disregard; neglect<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nii ide porakkaNikka kuuTaadu. idu onnooTa veeleye alacciyam seyradaa aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not forget this - it would constitute neglect of your duties</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (asaTTe seyyi (paNNu)) 2a tr (3t)<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(maranduTu)</font> 3b tr <br> fail to remember completely; neglect to take or leave behind; fail to give attention to, disregard, slight, as friends, relatives, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade muzusaa maranduTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole thing just got forgotten and left out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forget about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maranduTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fail to remember to do s.t. at the proper time<br> !<br> <font size=+1>maranduTaadiinga!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't forget!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forget oneself</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suyanalamillaama naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> act without selfishness<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanne maranduTTu suyanalamillaama naTakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>One needs to forget oneself and act selflessly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(marandupoo)</font> 3b tr <br> act uncharacteristically; forget duties, habits, ways of doing things<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>naan enneyee marandupooyiTTeen (maranduTTeen)</font><br> <font size=+1>I forgot myself (and acted totally unpredictably).</font><br> 1) (maranduTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forgetful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neneppillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have no consideration; be heedless, neglectful<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avar enda poruppeeyillaama enda neneppumillaamayiruppaar. mattavangaLe patti yoosikkaveemaaTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's so inconsiderate and forgetful, he just has no consideration for others</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaabakam illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have a bad memory; be neglectful; be inattentive<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukku mattavangaLooTe peyarkuuTa nyaabakam illaama irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's forgetful and can't remember people's names, even</font><br> 1) (kavale-paTaame iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maradiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have the habit of forgetting; apt to forget; have a bad memory<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avarukku maradiyaaha iruppadaale, nii avare nyaapakapaTuttu</font><br> <font size=+1>He's forgetful, so you had better remind him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forgive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manni)</font> 6b tr <br> excuse; pardon; condone<br> <br> <font size=+1>mannippoom marappoomngradudaan ennooTe koLhe</font><br> <font size=+1>My motto is to forgive and forget</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> overlook; tolerate; excuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava senja tappe inda oru mure poruttukkoonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please forgive her and overlook this mistake just this once!</font><br> 1) (manni) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(manniccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> pardon; excuse; show mercy to<br> <br> <font size=+1>dayavusenji enne mannicciTTu karuNe kaaTTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please forgive me and show some mercy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLupaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> write off, as a debt, interest, or both<br> <br> <font size=+1>eeze naaTTooTa kaTane taLLupaTi seyyaNumNu paNakaara naTTe ingilaandu arasaangam keeTTukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Britain is asking the richer nations to forgive the debt of the poorer nations</font><br> 1) (poru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make concessions; write off, leniently or expediently; give up o's right to claim repayment<br> <br> <font size=+1>maanila arasu konjam viTTukkoTuttaa nahara nirvaaham sila koorikkaiye viTTukkoTukka tayaaraa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If the state would make some concessions, the city might be willing to forgive some claims</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forgiving, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttaruL)</font> 3i <br> show forgiveness; be willing to forgive<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii innum konjam viTTukkuTuttu poruttaruLaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should be more lenient and more forgiving</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pizai poru)</font> 6 trr <br> be ready to forgive, as sins, mistakes, crimes, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pizai poruttu vaazavum vaazavekkavum tayaraa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Be more forgiving and be ready to live and let live</font><br> 1) (kore poru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fork</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kave seyyi)</font> 1tr <br> form a fork or Y-shaped thing<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kucciye kave senjaa, unnaale ade upayookapaTutti sela poruLkaLe poruukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If you fork the stick, you'll be able to pick up some things with it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keLe piri)</font> 2b tr <br> divide into branches, as a tree, road, etc<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda eTattule saale keLe piriyum. nii eTadu pakka pirive eTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The road forks at that point, and you should take the left fork</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(reNTaa piri)</font> 2b intr <br> divide into two branches, as a river, road, etc.;<br> . <br> <font size=+1>aaru ange reNTaa piriyium. meerku pakka pirivu kezakku pakka pirive viTa ahalamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The river forks there, and the north fork is wider than the south fork</font><br> 1) (piri) 2b intr<br> 2) (piri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fork out, over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give; hand over; deliver; pay<br> ! !<br> <font size=+1>sariTaa! kaase kuTuttuTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Okay, buddy! fork over the money!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fork up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azudu tole)</font> 6b tr <br> pay (money) unwillingly for s.t.; pay (money) to s.o. unwillingly<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maasam viiTTu variye naan azudu tolekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I have to fork up the damned property taxes this month</font><br> 1) (kuTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forlorn, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anaadeyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be destitute, wretched or forsaken; become an orphan<br> , <br> <font size=+1>appaammaave ezandu, kozandenga anaadeyaayi varumeyile vaaTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>After their parents' death, the children were very forlorn and in fact destitute</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(virakti aTe)</font> 2 tr <br> be hopeless, despairing or desolate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een ippaTi virakti aTenjirukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you looking so forlorn?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taniyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be alone; be abandoned or forsaken; become isolate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar ippoo taniyaa vaazndiTTrukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He's now all alone and living a kind of forlorn life</font><br> 1) (veraktiyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>form</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> make up; compose; consist of; take shape<br> <br> <font size=+1>cunaami uraavaaradukku munnaaTiyee eccarikke anuppaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should send out a warning before the tsunami forms</font><br> 1) (uNTaahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTe)</font> 6 tr <br> compose, as a literary work; create, a work of fine art<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda karuttu pala varushangaLaa paTekka paTTadu. ipoodaan uruveTuttirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The work was formed over a period of years, and has finally taken shape</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koor)</font> 6 tr <br> make, as a garland of flowers or string of pearls; string beads etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama inda puukkaLe koottu maale seyyalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's form these flowers into a garland</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> take form, physically or mentally; be produced, shaped or fashioned<br> <br> <font size=+1>oruveeLeyaa en manasule sindaneyellaam ippadaan uruvaahikkiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Things are finally beginning to form in my mind</font><br> 1) (uNTaahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aNivaku)</font> 6 trr <br> line up; draw up in formation<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii aNivahuttu niNNu, unnooTe morekki porumeyaa kaattirukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to form a line and wait patiently for your turn</font><br> 1) (uNT-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> create, make; establish, as a colony, a clan, a club, a party, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga oru tiTTam tiiTTi engaLooTa teeveye nereveetta oru niruvanatte eerpaTuttinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We made a plan and formed an organization to meet our needs</font><br> 1) (uruv-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 6 tr <br> develop; shape or mold s.o. by discipline, training, instructions, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paLLikkuuTam enne oru nalla aaraaycciyaaLanaa vaLatturukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This school was instrumental in forming me into a good scholar</font><br> 1) (uNTu-paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTivaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> give shape to or fashion in a particular way, as a piece of sculpture, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>yavaNarkaL sela sameyam paLingu kallaale sirpangaLe vaTivaakkunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Greeks formed their statues out of marble in some cases</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(ame)</font> 6 tr <br> organize, as a club, party, etc.; compose, construct or frame, as a sentence, etc.; constitute, as a ministry, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudiya arasu aaTcikku vanda perahu ameccaraveye ameccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The ministry was formed after the new government took office</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> create; put together, construct, frame; shape, fashion; compose, consitute; develop, train, mold by instruction, etc., as habits, character, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>sela peeru, kaTavuL ulahatte naTcattira tuusiyaale uruvaakkunaaruNNu namburaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people believe God formed the world out of stardust</font><br> 1) (uNTaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 6 tr <br> cast, as a bronze piece<br> , , <br> <font size=+1>inda sirpatte vengalattule vaTicci pinnaale vaarppe oTecci uruvakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The piece was formed by casting in bronze, then breaking the mould</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(sedukku)</font> 3 tr <br> sculpt in wood, stone or metal<br> , <br> <font size=+1>adu marattule sedukkiyadu, aanaa roomba urudiyaana maram</font><br> <font size=+1>It is formed out of wood, but very strong wood</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(vane)</font> 6b tr <br> shape or produce, as handicrafts<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maNpaanehaLe sakkaratte payanpaTutti kaiyaale vaneppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They form these pots by hand, using potters wheels</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> lump together<br> <br> <font size=+1>roTTi vaTivukku taTTi taaLule suruTTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Form it into the shape of a loaf, and wrap in paper</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(15) </B> <font size=+1>(teraLu)</font> 1i <br> form into a mass; coalesce<br> <br> <font size=+1>elumiccac caare kalandavoTanee paal kaTTiyaa teraNTu vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When you add the lime juice, the milk forms into curds</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(16) </B> <font size=+1>(uuru)</font> 3 intr <br> form, as milk in the breast; seep, as water into a well<br> , <br> <font size=+1>pombalengaLukku paal sorakkarappoo, maarbule paal uurum</font><br> <font size=+1>When women lactate, milk forms in the breast</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(17) </B> <font size=+1>(koppaLi)</font> 4 tr <br> form into vesicles, pustules, bubbles, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda nooyinaale, puNNellaam koppaLicci oTeyum</font><br> <font size=+1>With that kind of disease, pustules form and then burst</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(18) </B> <font size=+1>(moLe)</font> 6 intr <br> grow, as hair on the body, mustache, teeth, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayadukku vanda perahu pasangaLukku mohattule muTi moLekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>After adolescence, hair forms on the face of boys</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(19) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnu)</font> 3 tr <br> plait, as a pigtail<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama muTiye reTTe saTeyaa pinnaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should form the hair into pigtails</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>form an alliance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 2 intr <br> join, unite, work together<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTu sezippaTeya ellaarum eNenji veele seyyaNumNu piradama mandiri janangaLe keeTTukkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>the Prime Minister asked the people to form an alliance for the purpose of working for the development of the country</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>form up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(variceyaa nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> line up; draw up<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinga ellaarum variseyaa nillunga. adukkappuram eNNalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>I want you to form up in lines and then we'll count off</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>form, give</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give mental shape to; represent in bodily form<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa karpanekki uruvam kuTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She tried to give some concrete form to things she'd been dreaming about</font><br> 1) (vaTivamaidi kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>formalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvame)</font> 3 tr <br> ritualize; make s.t. conform to ceremonial and customary practices<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaNatte pattiya karuttellaam rombap pazangaalattule uruvameccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Their ideas about marriage got formalized in the ancient times</font><br> 1) (saTangaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (ezuttu vaTivam koTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vidimure paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make formal for official acceptance, commercial purposes, etc.<br> j - <br> <font size=+1>ji-eTTu kuuTinappoo naanga varttaha oppandatte vidimure paTuttinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We formalized the trade agreement during the meeting of the G-8</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moreppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make formal; give a regular or definite form or shape to; make academic<br> . <br> <font size=+1>moziyiyal paaTattiTTatte taleme paaTamaa moreppaTuttiyirukkaanga. inimeel idu oru uTpirivaa irukkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The major in linguistics has finally been formalized, and it's not just a program any more</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sambiradaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> introduce formality in an occasion, relationship, etc.; conventionalize; turn s.t. into a mere formal custom or practice<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga enga orave kalyaaNam paNNikkiTTu sambiradaayappaTuttinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have formalized our relationship by getting married</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>formed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzivizu)</font> 2 intr <br> be sunken; sink; be full of pits, holes, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazeyile teruvellaam kuzivuzunduTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the rains, a lot of potholes formed in the streets</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be produced, made or formed, physically or mentally; be shaped or fashioned<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu pazeye ubayoohappaTuttuna poruLaale uruvaakka paTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is formed of recycled materials</font><br> 1) (uNTaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>formidable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayangaramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> cause to feel fear, inadequacy, ineffectiveness, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa uruvam romba bayangaramaa irundudu. adu enne bayandu pinvaanga senjicci</font><br> <font size=+1>His appearance was so formidable that I flinched in fear</font><br> 1) (nerunga muTiyaama iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (bayappaTuttu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>formless, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be irregular in shape<br> , <br> <font size=+1>anda naTanam modalle taarumaaraa irukkramaadiri toonudu, aanaa poohapooha ellaam kuuTi varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>At first the dance seems formless, but eventually things come together</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urvamillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be illegible, as handwriting; be shapeless, as a drawing; be amorphous, vague<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe eNNamellaam oru maadiriyaa uruvamillaama irundudu. aanaa avan ade teLivupaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>His ideas were sort of formless and vague, but later he clarified them</font><br> 1) (uruvamillaama iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>formulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaypaaTaaha sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> express in a formula<br> ~ = ~ <br> <font size=+1>naama ide @ E =mcn @Nu vaayppaaTaa sollalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can formulate this as follows: E =mc2</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moreppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> systematize; state systematically; express in a precise and definite way<br> <br> <font size=+1>avardaan vidimurehaLe naama ariyiramaadiri moreppaTuttunavar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's the person who systematized and formulated the rules as we know them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaypaaTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> reduce to a formula<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide naaLaTevile eLidaana moreyile vaaypaaTaakkunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Eventually it was formulated in a simple way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fornicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLLa toTarbu vaccikkoo)</font> 1 intr <br> commit fornication; have illicit, clandestine relationship with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>olahattule sela eTattule pombaLengaLe kaLLa toTarbu vacckkradukkaaha kolraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In some parts of the world women are put to death for the crime of "fornication"</font><br> 1) (sooram poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forsake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taniyaa viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make lonely or disconsolate; abandon<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kozandeye taniyaa viTTuTTu ellaarum enge pooniinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where did all you go after forsaking the child?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(velakku)</font> 3 tr <br> abandon or give up, as a habit, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan pokeppiTikkrade velakkiTTu ippoo innum aarookiyamaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has forsaken smoking and is now much healthier</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuvelahu)</font> 3i <br> leave, break away or go away from, as o's wife, friends, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar banda paasatteyellaam viTTuvelahi toraviyaa aaradukku pooyTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He has forsaken all earthly attachments and gone away to be a hermit</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tora)</font> 7t <br> leave; abandon; renounce<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTe sanniyaasa vaazkkeye torandu kalyaaNam senjikiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He has forsaken his vows of celibacy, and now is married</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> desert; abandon; give up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avanooTa kuTumbatte viTTuTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has forsaken and abandoned his family</font><br> 1) (kaiviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forsaken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taniyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be alone; be helpless<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa appaa viTTuTTu poonadum kozandenga taniyaa irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children are just alone and forsaken after the father left</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangu)</font> 3 intr <br> feel destitute; feel helpless and powerless<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade keeTTadum naan kalangi pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I feel forsaken after hearing that</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forsaken, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaTe)</font> 2 intr <br> be deserted and ruined, as a house, a village, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela graamanga ippoo kaiviTappaTTu paazaTenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Some of the villages are now abandoned and forsaken</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forswear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sattiyam senju kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give up or renounce upon oath<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oraveyellaam sattiyam senji kaiviTTuTTu veera oru naaTTukku pooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has forsworn earthly attachments and gone to another country</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fortify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> confirm; strengthen, make strong or firm; corroborate<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naama inda taTaihaLe urudippaTuttaNum. illeeNNaa tiiviravaadinga adeyellaam veTivecci aziccuTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to fortify these barricades or the terrorists will blow them up</font><br> 1) (bala-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viiriyappaTuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> make potent and powerful, as wine with alcohol; increase potency<br> . <br> <font size=+1>idu viiriyappaTuttuna pazarasam. adanaale adu rombavum pooshaakkaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This is fortified wine, so it's much stronger than regular stuff</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make strong, as o's body, mind, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda veeleye seyya tayaaraavuradukku avanooTa uTambe tiTamaakka muTivu senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He decided to fortify his body in preparation for the task</font><br> 1) (valimeppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(valuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make strong; strengthen, as a country's defences, etc.<br> j !<br> <font size=+1>naama tarkaappe valuppaTutti jaakradeyaa iruppoom!</font><br> <font size=+1>We will fortify our defenses and not let our guard down!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(palamuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> replenish strength<br> , <br> <font size=+1>saNTekki apparam, nalla saappaaTu saappiTTum nalla tuukkam tuungiyum naan enne palamuuTTikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>After the battle, I fortified myself with food and sleep</font><br> 1) (vaLappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fortunate, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varam vaangiyiru)</font> 7i <br> be lucky, be favored; obtain a boon<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naanga varam vaangiyirukravangaLLe sela peeru. mattavangaLukku avvaLavu adishTam ille</font><br> <font size=+1>We are some of the fortunate ones, but others are not so lucky</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTuttu vacciru)</font> 7 tr <br> accumulate merit; be able to enjoy o's fortune<br> <br> <font size=+1>puNNiyamaana vaazkke vaazndadunaale niinga kuTuttu vaccirukkiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>You are fortunate because you have lived a virtuous life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(adirshTam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> bring good fortune or luck<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda maadiri vazkke ongaLukku adirshTam kuTukkum. adanaale niinga kuTuttu vaccirukkiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>This kind of life brings good luck and you are fortunate indeed</font><br> 1) (adirshTam aTi) 6b tr<br> 2) (adirshTam cenjiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forward</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munneera seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> help or cause to advance or progress<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu samaadaanatte munneera senji aniidiye ozikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This will forward the cause of peace and doom the cause of injustice</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (vaLara seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) (vaLar) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> pass on; send forward; send, as goods, parcels, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide avanooTa pudu vilasattukku anuppi vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to forward this to him at his new address</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>forward, be/go, etc.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundipoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go ahead; advance, move a little ahead or forward<br> ; ?<br> <font size=+1>enakku inge nikka eTam ille; konjam mundi poohamuTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't have any room to stand here; could you move forward a little?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fossilize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teengip poo)</font> 3b intr <br> cease developing; become stagnant<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa karuttellam eerakkoreya iruvadu varushattukku munaaTiyee teengip pooccu. adule pudusaa oNNum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>His ideas became fossilized about 20 years ago, so there's nothing new there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teekkam aTe)</font> 2i <br> become stale, be burned out, fallow, as a writer, artist, business, political philosophy or system<br> ~ 0~ <br> <font size=+1>eNpadaam varushangaLLe sooviyat yuuniyan romba teekkam aTenji irundadaale anga maattam teeveppaTTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>By the end of the 80's, the Soviet Union had become so fossilized that drastic changes were needed</font><br> 1) (teeng-iTu) 4 ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foster</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeNu)</font> 3 tr <br> cherish; care for; treat with love and affection; nurture<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kozandengaLe paraamarikkrappoo, naama avangaLe romba varushattukku peeNi vaLarkkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>When you care for children, you foster their development for years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(munneera seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> forward, further; cause to help to advance or progress<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda tiTTatte niinga vaLattu munneera senjaa, adu ongaLe munnukku koNTu poovum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you foster the development of this program, it will lead to your advancements</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uukkuvi)</font> 6 tr <br> encourage; help advance or progress<br> <br> <font size=+1>dayavu cenju inda ameppe uukkuvikka moyarci seyyunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please try to foster and encourage this system</font><br> 1) (kaappaattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 6 tr <br> bring up, as a foster child; train up, as o's children<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa ammaa appaa erandapparam naanga avane vaLarttoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We fostered him after his parents died</font><br> 1) (paattukkoo @sh tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foul</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make foul or dirty; soil; defile<br> <br> <font size=+1>onnooTa kuuNTe niiyee azukkaakkiTTe</font><br> <font size=+1>You have fouled your own nest</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sikku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to be caught or entangled, as a rope, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayarellaam sikkiTTadaala ade naanga siikkiram pirikkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The ropes got fouled and we couldn't disentangle them in time</font><br> 1) (maaTTikkoo @sh tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccikka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> block, clog or obstruct, as a drain, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kasivu poruL maze adikrappa ellaam kaalvaye aTeccikka vaccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>That awful mucky stuff fouls our drains every time it rains</font><br> 1) (kare paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(avamaanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> disgrace, dishonor, defile<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nii nammaLooTa kuTumba peere avamaanappaTuttiTTe!</font><br> <font size=+1>You have fouled and disgraced the honor of our family name!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(more tavari veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 tr & intr <br> play foul; make a foul play, hit a foul ball in a game<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereyavaaTTi more tavari veLeyaaTunadunaale avane veLiyeettiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He fouled too many times and was declared out</font><br> 1)x (faul paNNu) 3 tr, intr<br> 2) (kare paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tavarupaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> (in games) dash or run against; collide with<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTap pandaaTTattule innoruvar meele moodiTTaa nii tavarupaNNiTTeeNNu solvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In basketball if you push against people, you've fouled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foul up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTecci koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> become blocked or clogged<br> , <br> <font size=+1>saakkaTe aTeccikkiTTudu, adanaale ade suttam seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The drains are fouled up, so we'll have to have them cleaned</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause confusion; bungle, spoil, create a snafu, mess up<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>aiyoo! avan nejamaa ellaatteyum kozappiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Boy he sure fouled things up!</font><br> 1) (keTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tappu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a mistake; err; blunder<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan anda suuzneleye maatta moyarci senjaan. aanaa tappu senji innum periya kozappatte uruvaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to remedy the situation, but fouled up and made an even bigger mess</font><br> 1) (tappu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foul-mouthed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kocce peeccu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak obscenities, swear, curse, turn the air blue<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppavum koccep peeccu peesikkiTTeeyiruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>he's a foul-mouthed creep, if I ever saw one</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foul-smelling, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(makkaavu)</font> 3b intr <br> smell bad, dirty or soiled<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade kaayapooTaleeNNaa adu makkaayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you leave it too long without drying, it becomes foul</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fouled up, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be confused, chaotic or disorganized; be snafu<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelavaram eppavum poola kozappamaavee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The situation is normal---all fouled up.</font><br> 1) b (kozambi keTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>found</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> originate, as a doctrine, a sect, etc.; propound as a theory, a practice, a way of life; father, as a movement<br> <br> <font size=+1>islaame uruvaakkinadu yaarNu teriyumaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know who founded Islam?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTikkool pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be the founding member of; be the founder of an organization, a movement, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tiraaviTa kazahattukku aTikkool pooTTadu yaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who was the person who founded the Dravida Karazham?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> lay a foundation, basis or ground, as for any future development, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar inda kazahatte aayirattu toLLaayirattu irubattu eezule toTangi vaccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He founded the organization in 1927</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niruvu)</font> 3 tr <br> set up; establish, as a dynasty, a trust, a hospital, a firm, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>rishaliyu piranju kazahatte aayirattu arunuuttu muppattianjaam varusham niruvinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Richelieu founded the French Academy in 1635</font><br> 1) (eerpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (eerpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>found, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be or exist; be discovered, be located<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>paNam enge irukkamuTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where will/can the money be found?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b intr + dat <br> be obtained or got by chance or by search; be discovered; be available for discovery<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku idu teruvule keTaccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was found by me in the street; I picked it up in the street.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tenpaTu)</font> 4i, with dative <br> come to be perceived or met with; come upon by luck or chance; appear, reveal itself accidentally<br> j , ~(~ ~)~ <br> <font size=+1>idu jermaniyile, oru nuulneleyattule @(@puttaha kaTeyile@)@ enakku tenpaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I just happened to find it in a bookshop in Germany</font><br> 1) (edir-paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (tooNu) 3c intr<br> 3) (keTe) 6b intr + dat.<br> 4) (edir-paTu) 4 intr<br> 5) (keTe) 6b intr + dat<br> 6) (tooNu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ahappaTu)</font> 4 intr + dat <br> be had; obtained or got(ten)<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu nuulahattule naalaavadu maaTiyile pattirikkai pakkattule ahappaTum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will be found on the 4th floor of the library, next to the magazines</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>founded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTippaTeyile ame)</font> 2b intr <br> be laid, based or built upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>samattuvam, sahoodarattuvam aahiya koLkaikaLooTe aTippaTeyile ade ameccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It was founded on the principles of equality and fraternity</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fox</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNaraTi)</font> 6b tr <br> be too tough or difficult for s.o. to understand<br> , <br> <font size=+1>mannicciTunga, niinga anda veLakkatte solli enne teNaraTicciTTiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm sorry, you've really foxed me with that explanation.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>foxy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tandramaa naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> act or behave cunningly or craftily; be deceptive<br> , <br> <font size=+1>adudaan padilNu avan neneccaa, avan tandramaa naTakkiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's being foxy if he thinks that is the answer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fractious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siTu siTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be peevish, irritable, quarrelsome; argumentative<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ava siTu siTuttukkiTTee iruppaaL. eppavum vambaLappaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's a very fractious person, prone to get into arguments</font><br> 1) (kaTukaTuppaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (kaTukaTuppaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moraNTu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> be obstinate or unruly, as a child; be unruly or difficult to control, as an animal<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan sinna vayasule moraNTu paNNikiTTee irundaan, aanaa ippoo taninji irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was very fractious as young person, but he's mellowed some</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fracture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTi)</font> 2b intr <br> break into pieces; disfigure; shatter<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan vizundappa avanooTa kaal oTenjiTTu. adu innum aarale.</font><br> <font size=+1>When he fell, his bones fractured and have still not healed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 6b tr <br> break; rupture<br> <br> <font size=+1>kallu taTukki kiize vizundu kaiye muriccikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I fractured my hand when I stumbled on a stone and fell down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muriccu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> suffer a fracture in<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennuTaiya paniccarukku vibattule ennooTa kaalu muriccikkiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>My leg got fractured when I had that ski accident</font><br> 1) (oTe) 6b tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (oTeccikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fractured, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 2b intr <br> break; suffer a fracture<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaal murinji poonadulerundu adule valimeyee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>Ever since it was fractured, I have had no strength in that leg</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fragile, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tovaNTupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become frail or withered; feel weak or off color<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadaale ippoo avarooTa aarookkiyam tovaNTupooyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His health is very fragile now, due to old age</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nali)</font> 2i <br> be frail; be weak in health; be or become thin<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTe elumbellaam ippoo nalinjirukradaale ava vizaama paattukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Her bones are fragile now so she doesn't dare risk a fall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be easily broken or damaged; be easily cracked, as a glass<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTi siikkiram oTenjipoohum</font><br> <font size=+1>Glass is very fragile, and easily broken</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(valuvillaama iru)</font> 2b intr <br> be easily destroyed; be unlikely to last, as happiness, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>iraakkooTa kuuTTameppu arasaangam romba valuvillaama irukku. romba naaL taangaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The coalition in Iraq is very fragile, and may not last</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(moru moruNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be brittle and crisp, as a cookie, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>roTTi moru moruNNu irukku. adu oTeyaame naama paattukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>These cookies are so thin and fragile, we need to be careful not to break them</font><br> 1) (noru noru-NNu iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(turumbaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be physically thin and weak; be wispy, as with old age or illness<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaahidam melinji turumbaa irukkradaale solabamaa kasangiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The paper has become thin and fragile, and easily crumbled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fragment</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTu tuNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> break into pieces; divide into fragments or bits<br> <br> <font size=+1>simeNTe tuNTu tuNTaakkuradu solabamillaiNaalum ade seyya muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Concrete is hard to fragment, but it can be done</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sede)</font> 6 tr <br> break or cut into pieces; deform; cause to be fragmented or fragmentary<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga vairattaiyellaam cinnaccinna tuNTaa sedeccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We fragmented the rough diamonds into smaller pieces</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sedenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> disintegrate; break into pieces; collapse<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelanaTukkattukku appuram sevarellaam sedenji poova aarambiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The wall started to fragment after the earthquake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sinnaabinnamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> break into bits and pieces; be mangled; disintegrate, crumble<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelenaTukkattukku appuram inda kaTTiTam sinnaa pinnaamaayiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole edifice started to fragment and disintegrate after the shock</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fragrant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kamaz)</font> 2i <br> be sweet-smelling; smell nice<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda puuvellaam maNam kamazudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Those blossoms are very fragrant</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaasane viisu)</font> 3 intr <br> smell sweet or nice<br> <br> <font size=+1>are muzusum nalla vaasane viisicci</font><br> <font size=+1>A very fragrant smell wafted through the room</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frail, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become weak or delicate in health; become physically weak or tired<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar vayasaanadaale taLandu pooyirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He has become very frail with old age</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazisomattu)</font> 3 tr <br> charge wilfully, accuse wrongly; set s.o. up for political reasons<br> j <br> <font size=+1>emmeele arasiyal kaaraNattukkaaha pazisomatturaangaNNu jeyalalitaa solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Jayalalitha says that she is being framed purely for political reasons</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> express; give utterance to<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avar tannooTa veeNTukooLe romba arumeyaa veLippaTuttinaar. adanaale naanga avare niraaharikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>He framed his request very nicely, so we couldn't refuse him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTattule poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> fit into a frame, as a picture<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga inda paTatteyellaam saTTattule porutta pooroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We're going to frame these photographs</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTiyuuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> incriminate falsely; cause to appear guilty; contrive a fraud, deception, etc. as in a race, a match, etc.; manipulate evidence etc. so as to pin blame on s.o. else<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ep pi ai ivangaLe tiiviravaadingaNNu maaTTiiyuuTa moyarci senjicci. aanaa adu naTakkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The FBI tried to frame these guys as terrorists, but it won't wash</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ame)</font> 6b tr <br> compose, as a poem, a novel, etc.; author, as a book, a set of laws, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>airooppaavooTa kuuTTamaippu caTTatiTTatte amaiccavanga ade romba nuNukkamaa ezudiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people who framed the constitution of the EU went overboard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTivame)</font> 6b tr <br> write or compose, as a letter, a novel, a poem, a question, an answer, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare muzu pariiccekkaana keeLvikaLe vaTivamekkac connaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was asked to frame questions for the final exam</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvame)</font> 6 tr <br> build, construct, or design, as a fort, hotel, etc.; form or compose, as a poem, a plan, etc.; conceive or imagine, as an idea, plan, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ulaha varttaha maiyattooTa pudu kaTTiTattukkaana tiTTatte uruvameccikkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They're framing the plans for the redevelopment of the WTC now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frank, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam viTTu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak candidly, sincerely, openly; speak o's mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>iru talevarkaLum avangaLooTa peeccuvaartte naTattunappoo manam viTTu peesunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The two leaders were frank and open in their discussions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLLam kabaTu illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be honest or truthful; be without deception, subterfuge, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan kaLLam kabaTu illaama irukkaan. mattavangaLe eemaatta nenekkiradille</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very frank and open, and doesn't try to trick people</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uNmeye sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> speak the truth<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan {\d d}ak{\d t}are enkiTTe puusi muzuhaama uNmeye solla sonneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I asked the doctor to be frank and tell me the unvarnished truth</font><br> 1) (veLippaTayaa peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frantic, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veripuTiccip poo @Nb intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> be frenzied or wild, as with pain, excitement, or passion<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan parseyum saaviyeyum kaNTu piTikka muTiyaadadaale veri puTiccip poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He became frantic when he couldn't find his wallet and keys</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paraparappaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be in a flurry; be in a state of hurry and excitement<br> <br> <font size=+1>purappaTTu keLamba avan paraparappaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's frantic to get finished and packed and ready to go</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fraternize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toozameyooTa iru @z intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> associate in a friendly or comradely way<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan nallavan. avanukku kiize iruppavangaLooTa pandaa seyyaame toozameyooTa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's nice--he fraternizes with the lower echelons and doesn't act uppity</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oravaaTu)</font> 3i <br> be friends with; associate in a friendly or intimate way<br> . <br> <font size=+1>raaNuvattule veeraveera padaviyile irukkravanga oNNaa oravaaTakuuTaadu. appaTi pazahinaa taNTicciTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the military, different ranks aren't supposed to fraternize; in fact they are punished if they do</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fraudulent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pittalaaTTam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be deceitful; commit fraud; be without value<br> <br> <font size=+1>enraan niruvaahihaL avunga veccirunda kaNakkule pittalaaTTam senjirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Enron executives were deceitful and fraudulent in the records they kept</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fraught with, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> be accompanied by, one after another<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vaazkkeeyile kashTam toTanduvandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His life was fraught with one problem after another.</font><br> 1) (neRe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ittu pooha seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to be worn out, as cloth, a rope, etc.; cause to grow weak or decayed; bring to a specific state by use or exposure; wear out<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>kayiru kambimeela teeccadule (oraasunadule) adu ittu pooha senjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The way the rope rubbed against the railing frayed it and weakened it</font><br> 1) (teenji poova vayyi @Rb tr@) 1 tr<br> 2) (ittup poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLara vayyi @rb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to ravel out, as a rope, a wire, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiirrada sattam ennooTa narambe taLara vacci enne paittiyamaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The incessant noise frayed my nerves and drove me mad</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puriyaviz)</font> 2 intr <br> unravel; ravel out, as a rope, etc.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>nuulu puriyavundu baTTan vuzunducci</font><br> <font size=+1>The thread frayed and then the button fell off</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frayed, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ittu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become worn out (as nerves); grow weak, weary or tired; unravel<br> <font size=+1>His nerves have become frayed because of the stress</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become worn out, as a cloth, a rope, etc.; be down at the heels; be reduced in circumstances<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa tuNiyellaam nenju pooyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His clothes are frayed and worn</font><br> 1) (nanji poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toonji poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become threadbare, worn out, as a cloth, a rope, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa toonji poona tuNi avan romba varumeyile vaaTraaNNu enakku kaaTTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>His frayed clothes told me he was poverty-stricken</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frazzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be weary, tired or exhausted; be worn to a frazzle<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele naaL kaTinamaa irundadaale avan soonduppooyi asanduTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's tired and frazzled from a hard day at work</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(alukka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to be weary, tired or exhausted; fatigue, weary or exhaust s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiraada sattam en narambeyellam alukka vacci enne paittiyamaakkicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The constant noise frazzled my nerves and drove me crazy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(soondu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become weary, tired, worn out; feel exhausted<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan soondu pooyi romba taLanduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am worn to a frazzle and absolutely exhausted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>free</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> set free or at liberty, as from a cage, a prison, etc.; release; make free; free s.o. from<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kuttavaaLi illeNNu Ti en ee TesTu kaaTTinadum avane sireyileerundu viTuvicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was freed from prison after DNA testing showed he wasn't the culprit</font><br> 1) (viTudale seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvittu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> free o.s. of; relieve o.s. of or from, as a responsibility, a duty, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan ennooTa poruppukaLil irundu enneyee viTuvittu koNTirukkeen. adanaale putupputu anubavangaLukku tayaaraa irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have freed myself from those responsibilities, so I'm open to new things</font><br> 1) (viTudale seyyi @nb tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viTudale seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> set free; set at liberty, as from a prison<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane tingakkezame viTudale senjaduleerundu taniyaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was freed on Monday and has gone into seclusion</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>freed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get free, as from an obstruction, a responsibility, etc.; be released, as from a prison; escape<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan anda seyalleerundu viTupaTTaan. adanaale avan ippoo avvaLavaa oNNum seyradille</font><br> <font size=+1>He was freed of that task, so he's just doing mostly nothing now</font><br> 1) 4 tr<br> 2) (viTudaleyaavu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>freeze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oreya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> freeze; transform liquid into solid; curdle, congeal, coagulate;<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNiye oreya veccaa panikkaTTi aayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you freeze water, it will turn into ice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iruhi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become hard or rigid; turn into a solid<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu irumbepoola iruhipooyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It froze as hard as iron</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(panikkaTTiyaahu)</font> 3i <br> become hardened into ice<br> <br> <font size=+1>taTTule irukkra taNNi panikkaTTiyaayirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The water in the ice trays has frozen</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(verecciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of body) become very cold, stiff, numb, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLurule naan romba verecciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am absolutely freezing to death!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aseyaama nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> stop; halt; become immobilized<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kaavalaaLar avane aseyaama nilluNNu sonnaar, aanaa avan nikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>The police officer ordered him to freeze, but he didn't</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> stop liquidity of assets; intervene in banking to stop funds, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avunga nidi nelemeye siirseyya muyarci paNNaleeNNaa olahavangi avungaLooTa sotteyellaam aTecciTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The World Bank is going to freeze their assets if they don't undertake monetary reform.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(oreya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> freeze; cause s.t. to be frozen<br> <font size=+1>Freeze these bags and then take them along</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(pani kaTTiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> change into ice; be frozen into ice<br> <font size=+1>The water is frozen in the radiator</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(pani kaTTiyaa maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change s.t. into ice<br> <font size=+1>Put this stuff in the freezer and freeze it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>freeze out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukkappaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> prevent; obstruct; keep s.o. out of s.t.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jappaan kaarangaLooTa varttahattulerundu avungaLooTa kashTamaana vidimoreyinaale naama muzusaa odukkappaTTuTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We've been totally frozen out of the Japanese market by their restrictive practices.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>freeze over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orenji poo)</font> 3 intr <br> to become completely frozen<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ange olahamee oranji poora aLavukku niNNaalum onakku oru kadeyum naTakkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You can stand there till hell freezes over; it'll do you no good.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>freeze up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niNNuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become inoperative; stop; halt<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kampyuuTTar suttamaa niNNuTTudu. ide sarippaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The computer is frozen up, and needs to be fixed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muzi)</font> 6b intr <br> look helpless; remain embarrassed; be unable to say or do the right thing; stand immobilized and speechless like a statue, with fear, nervousness, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avane neettu raattiri enge pooneeNNu keeTTappoo avan muziccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He froze up when I asked him where he had been last night</font><br> 1) (\niNNu poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (\niNNu poo) 3b intr<br> 3) (sele maadiri niNNuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frequent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTikkaTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go often to; visit often<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan anda eTattukkellaam aTikkaTi pooykiTTirundeen. aanaa naan ippoovellaam pooradille</font><br> <font size=+1>I used to frequent those places, but I don't any more</font><br> 1) (aTikkaTi pooyp paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fresh, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pacceyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fresh (as water, vegetables)<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu pacce taNNi</font><br> <font size=+1>This is fresh water</font><br> 1) (nalladaa (nallaa) iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pudusaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be newly made, grown, or gathered; be new or novel; be inexperienced; be newly made or washed, as clothes<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda paal pudusaa irukku. paalkaaran ippoodaan maaTTooTa inge vantuTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>This is fresh milk; the milkman was just here with the cow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(polivaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> look bright and clear; (of complexion) be clear, youthful and healthy<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa toorram polivaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>She has a fresh young look</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLumeyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be pleasantly cool as a breeze, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tenral kaattu nalla kuLumeyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That's a nice fresh breeze</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(suttamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be clean or pure; (of water) be pure, drinkable or not salty<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda taNNi suttamaa irukku. nii kavaleppaTaame ide kuTikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>This is fresh water, you can drink it without worrying</font><br> 1)j (jill-NNu iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTippaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be brisk, active or energetic; be youthful, young or vigorous<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu valimeyooTa romba eLameyaavum tuTippaavum irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's very young and fresh, full of energy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(jilluNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of air, weather, etc.) be cool, chill or cold<br> ! !<br> <font size=+1>oo!, mazekkappuram kaattu jilluNNu irukku!</font><br> <font size=+1>Oh, the air is very cool and fresh after the rain!</font><br> 1)x (freshshaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(malarcciyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> (of face and expression) be bright and happy; feel or look active, brisk and healthy<br> !<br> <font size=+1>niinga unga liivukkappuram romba malarcciyaa irukkiinga!</font><br> <font size=+1>You're looking very fresh after your vacation!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>freshen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puttuNarcci uuTTu)</font> 3 trr <br> revive, renew; give freshness to<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama inda kaTTaTattooTa mohappe puttuNarcci uuTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to freshen up the facades of these buildings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puttuNarcci aTe)</font> 2i <br> become fresh; get revived or refreshed<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudiya iyakkunaraale anda pazeya poruL puttuNarcci aTenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That old material has gotten freshened up by that new director</font><br> 1)x (fresh aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>freshen up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLaippu niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> make pleasant; make fresher or brighter<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>niinga ongaLe konjam kaLaippu niikkikiriingaLaa? ingadaan kaikazuvura eTam irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Would you like to freshen up? Here's the washroom</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uyiruuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> enliven, give fresh impetus to, breathe new life into (a movement, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga anda pazeya naaTahatte pudumeyaa ezudi uyiruuTTi irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have managed to freshen up that old play by a modern treatment</font><br> 1) (puttuyir kuTu) 6 ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fret</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 6b tr <br> corrode; erode; wear away<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kambi uracalaale arindupooy oTenjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The friction fretted away the wire and it broke</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siTusiTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be bad-tempered, irritated, angry, etc.; be fretful<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>ippoo ideppatti siTusiTukkaatee! idukku oru vazi paapoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Now don't start fretting about this! We'll find a way</font><br> 1) (paTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTik koo@(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be worried, dissatisfied, annoyed, etc. over trifles or unnecessary things<br> <br> <font size=+1>manase pooTTu alaTTikkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't fret, don't worry (your little head).</font><br> 1) (padaTTa-paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (kaTukaTu) 6 intr<br> 3) (padaTTa-paTu) 4 intr<br> 4) (kaTukaTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fretful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siNungu)</font> 3 intr <br> whine, whimper, complain, fuss (as children)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan munahi siNungum cinna paiyan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a whiny, fretful little boy</font><br> 1) (ericcalaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fried, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varu)</font> 6 tr <br> be toasted; be roasted, grilled or broiled; be parched<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naanga ide kal saTTiyile varuttoom. adanaale adu pisupisuvaa ille</font><br> <font size=+1>We fried these on a grill so they're not so greasy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pori)</font> 2b intr <br> be parched; be toasted or roasted<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade eTuttu nalla morumoruNNu pori</font><br> <font size=+1>Take them and fry them nice and crisp</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>friendly, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anbu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> act as a friend<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama ellaarkiTTeyum anbu kaaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should be friendly to everyone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kolaavu)</font> 3 intr <br> hold friendly intercourse; converse in a friendly or intimate manner<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naanga nallaa peesi kulaavikiTTu irundoom. appoo tiTiirNu avar koovapaTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>We were conversing in a friendly way when he suddenly got angry</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(neesattooTe iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be loving and affectionate; be kind<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enkiTTe neesattooTeyum paasattooTeyum irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been very friendly and affectionate to me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aadari)</font> 6b tr <br> be helpful; be kind; support<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar enne aadaricci odavunadukaaha naan avare meccureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I appreciate how friendly he's been to me, and helpful.</font><br> 1) (anbaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (anbaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(oravaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> behave in a friendly or intimate manner; hold friendly intercourse<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar kaalattule peesina maadiriyee ippavum siricci peesi oravaaTunaar</font><br> <font size=+1>It was just like old times, the friendly way he talked and joked</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(sneyidamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be amicable; be intimate; be comradely<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan puducaa aNiyile seendavangakiTTa sneyidamaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very friendly to new members of the troop</font><br> 1) (odavu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frighten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> throw into a fright or scare; make afraid or terrified; fill with fear<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar anda veeshattule vandadu enne bayamuruttucci</font><br> <font size=+1>He frightened me when he arrived in that costume</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(adaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> intimidate verbally; shout at and scare; fill with fear through loud, authoritative or intimidatory utterance; threaten<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sonnadu romba bayapaTutradaavum adaTTalaavum irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That was very intimidating and frightening, too, what he said</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kadikalakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make afraid or frightened; scare; terrify<br> <br> <font size=+1>iruTTule enkiTTa vandappa avan enne kadikalakkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He frightened me when he came up to me in the dark</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(adircciyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> make s.o. have a sense of fear; scare s.o.; give s.o. a shock<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadeve paTaarNNu saatti enne adircciyaTeye vacciTTaan en mahan</font><br> <font size=+1>My son frightened me by slamming the door all of a sudden</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frighten away/off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adaTTi torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> scare away with a sudden noise or threat<br> . <br> <font size=+1>viiTTu tooTTattule puuneyellaam saNTe pooTTukkiTTu irundudu. adeyellaam naan kaytaTTi adaTTi torattineen</font><br> <font size=+1>There were some cats fighting in the garden but I frightened them away by clapping my hands</font><br> 1) (veraTTiTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (torattiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frightened, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> be terrified or scared; be in a fright<br> <br> <font size=+1>en mahan sirupiLLeyaa irundappoo iruTTe kaNTu meraLuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My son was very frightened by the dark when he was younger</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTukkiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get a fright; be startled, shocked, scared; have a scare<br> ! !<br> <font size=+1>kaTavuLee! nii enne tiTukkiTa vecciTTe!</font><br> <font size=+1>Oh my gosh, you really frightened me!</font><br> 1) (bayappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frightful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be horrible or revolting; be unpleasant or disagreeable<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLattuku appuram ange aruvaruppaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Oh what a frightful mess that was, after the flood</font><br> 1) (gooramaa-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frigid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(romba kuLiraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be very cold or low in temperature<br> <br> <font size=+1>ingu kuLirkaalattile romba kuLiraa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The temperatures here in winter are absolutely frigid</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frisk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLi kudi)</font> 6b intr <br> gambol or frolic about; leap or jump about<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTTi miruhamellaam tuLLi kudicci mahizcciyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The young animals are frisking about and enjoying themselves</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soodane pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> search, as a person, a suitcase, a building, etc. for concealed weapons, goods, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippoovellaam vimaana neleyatte kaTandu poorappa niccayamaa namme soodane pooTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays when passing through airports you're likely to get frisked</font><br> 1) (tuLLi ooTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLi tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> frolic about; gambol<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaTTu kuTTiyellaam tuLLi tirinji veLeyaaTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>The young goats were frisking around and kicking up their heels</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fritter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTattanamaa viiNaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> waste foolishly or idiotically; waste (money, energy, etc.) triflingly<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNatte maTattanamaa viiNaakkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't fritter away the money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fritter away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> waste, as money, time, strength, etc.; squander<br> <br> <font size=+1>onnooTa neeratteyum kaaceyum paazaTikka maaTTeeNNu naan nambureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I hope you won't fritter away your time and money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ereccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> squander or waste, as money or fortune<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan selvattule porandavan. aanaa ellaatteyum suudaaTiyum teeveyillaada poruL miidum ereccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was born to wealth, but frittered it all away on gambling and useless things</font><br> 1) (viiN-aakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (tiirttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> waste, as time, money, strength, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe irundudu ellaatteyum viiNaaTiccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has squandered and frittered away everything he had</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frivol</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTTuttanamaa naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> behave in a frivolous manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLeyaaTTuttanamaa naTandukiTTe neeratte viiNaakkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't just frivol around and waste your time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frivol away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTTuttanamaa selavu seyyi (@nb tr@))</font> 1 tr <br> spend in a frivolous manner; fritter away<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kaaseyellaam avan veLeyaaTTuttanamaa selavu senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He frivoled away his money, wasting it on stupid things</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frivolous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTTuttanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be playful; be marked by a lack of seriousness, importance or weight<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan edileyum aarvam kaaTTaama veLeyaaTTuttanamaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very frivolous, and totally lacking in seriousness about anything</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTattanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be silly, foolish or stupid<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nii sonnadu maTattanamaa irundicci!</font><br> <font size=+1>That was a stupid and frivolous remark you made!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keelikkuuttaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a fiasco, a big joke<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda muzu vishayamum oru keelikkuuttaa irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole business was a frivolous fiasco</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frizz</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruTTeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> form into curls<br> <br> <font size=+1>pombalenga suuTaana irumbaale muTiye suruTTeyaakkum muTiyalangaara more oNNu irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>There used to be a hair style where the women would frizz their hair with hot irons</font><br> 1) (suruLu) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frizzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruNTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> curl up tightly; shrink together (as cloth, thread); become frizzy (as hair)<br> <br> <font size=+1>veppamaavum puzukkamaavum irundaa en muTi suruNTu poovum</font><br> <font size=+1>When it's hot and humid, my hair tends to frizzle up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frolic</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLiyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> jump about, up and down, to and fro; dance or leap about in joy;<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinna maan mazeyle tuLLi aaTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fawn frolicked in the rain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frolic (cf. also frisk)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurumbu seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> play pranks; be mischievous<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu oru mahizcciyaana kaalam. naanga ellaarum kurumbu senji mattavangaLe eemmatti veLeyaaTinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a happy time, and we frolicked and played tricks on people</font><br> 1) (kaLiccaaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>front</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paattiru)</font> 7 tr <br> face; look toward<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda viiTu kooyile paattirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That house fronts on the temple.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>froth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nore taLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> foam at the mouth, as a horse, a dog, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudireyellaam payirci seyrappa vaayileerundu nore taLLum</font><br> <font size=+1>When horses have been exercising, they tend to froth at the mouth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pongu)</font> 3 tr 3pn + dat <br> boil over, as with rage; bubble with, as enthusiasm, excitement, joy, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku koobam pongicci</font><br> <font size=+1>He was frothing with rage.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nore)</font> 6b intr <br> foam; throw up or give off froth; bubble; effervesce<br> <br> <font size=+1>adule aavi seettaa adu norenji vaziyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you put steam in it, it'll froth and overflow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(norekka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to foam; produce froth<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga paale aaviyaale suuTaakki ade norekka senjoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We frothed it by steaming the milk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pongu)</font> 3 intr <br> throw up bubbles; boil over; surge and foam, as the sea<br> <br> <font size=+1>puyal aTikrappoo kaTal pongi noreyum</font><br> <font size=+1>The sea tends to froth and foam when it's stormy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frown</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mohatte suLi)</font> 6b tr <br> screw up o's face, in disgust, anger, disapproval, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan appaTi sonnadum avan aruvaruppile mohatte suLiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He frowned and scowled with disgust when I said that</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puruvatte neri)</font> 6b tr <br> knit o's brows; contract the brow, to show anger, displeasure, disapproval, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaL puruvatte nerikrade korecciTTu adihamaa siriccikkiTTirukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>People should frown less and smile more</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frown on, upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mohatte suLiccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look upon with distaste, disgust, disapproval, etc.<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>oree paalina kalyaaNamNaa inga irukra makkaL mohatte suLicci paappaanga, teriyumaa!</font><br> <font size=+1>People around here frown upon same-sex marriage, you know!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mohatte suziccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look upon with distaste, disgust, disapproval, etc.; disapprove of, disdain,<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>People around here frown upon same-sex marriage, you know</font><br> 1) (morecci paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frozen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vere)</font> 6b intr <br> be stiff, with cold or haughtiness<br> <br> <font size=+1>tirumadi maarTTimar mohatte vereccikkiTTu orenja maadiri ellaarkiTTeyum eppavum iruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Mrs. Mortimer was very haughty and frozen in her disdain for everything and everybody</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frozen, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orenji keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> be held firm in ice; be or lie frozen<br> <br> <font size=+1>araaycciyaaLangaLooTa oTambellaam aarkTik paniyile varushakaNakkaa orenjikeTandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The remains of the explorers lay frozen in the arctic ice for years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 2b intr <br> freeze; be frozen, as water, oil, etc. because of cold<br> <font size=+1>The water in the ponds has turned to ice, and is completely frozen</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frugal, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTamaa selavu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> spend economically or thriftily; husband resources; make the best of a difficult economic situation; live according to a strict budget<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangakiTTe romba kaasu illaadadaale en ammaa tiTTamaa selavu seyyavum karaaraa irukkavum kattukkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother learned to be very frugal and parsimonious, because they didn't have much money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eLimeyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be simple, as in o's needs and requirements; be inexpensive, as o's food, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aamish enattavanga eLimeyaa irukkura vaazkkeye vaazuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Amish live simply according to a frugal lifestyle</font><br> 1) (seTTaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be economical; be prudent; be thrifty<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paTTappaTippu paTikkrappa romba sikkanamaa irundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I was in grad school I was very frugal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fruitful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNi kuTu)</font> 4tr <br> bear plenty of fruit<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paLLattaakku ippoo romba sezippaa irukradaale kaNi kuTukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The valley is now very fruitful and fertile and produces lots of fruit and vegetables</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payan kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> be productive; bring successful results; be effective<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa moyarci payan kuTuttadu. anda tiTTam veTrikaramaa naTandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His efforts were fruitful, and the plan worked out successfully</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sezi)</font> 6i <br> produce abundantly; be plentiful; flourish; thrive<br> . j <br> <font size=+1>ange irukkura tooppellaam sezippaa irukkudu. aappiLeyellaam jappaanukku eettumadi seyraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The orchards there are fruitful, and all the apples are exported to Japan</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pazu)</font> 6 intr <br> bear fruit, blossom forth, be abundant<br> . <br> <font size=+1>maramellaam nallaa puuttirukku. siikkiram pazuttuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The trees are in bloom right now, and will be very fruitful</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fruitless, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(palan taraama poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be unsuccessful; be without the expected results<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan nereya moyarci senjirundaan, aanaa muTivule palan taraama poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>He put in a lot of effort, but the results were fruitless</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payanillaama poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be useless; be without results or success<br> <br> <font size=+1>talenaharattukku naan poona payaNam konjamkuuTa payanillaama poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>My trip to the capital was absolutely fruitless.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be of no avail; be useless; be wasted<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ellaamee viiNaa poocci. neeram viiNaanadudaan miccam</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole thing was fruitless and a big waste of time</font><br> 1) (viiNaa poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frustrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> defeat, as an effort, a scheme, etc.; make useless or nullify, as a plan, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru periya veLeyaaTTu arangam kaTTa meeyar eTutta moyarciye maanila sabaanaayahar keTuttuTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The speaker of the state assembly frustrated the mayor's attempt to build a big stadium</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> hinder, prevent or obstruct, as s.o. or s.o.'s plan, scheme, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kacci matta kacciyooTa paTjaTTe taTukka moyarci seyyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>One party is trying to frustrate the other party's budget proposal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>frustrated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viraktiyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> (of person) be disappointed or discouraged; be depressed<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan samiibattule romba viraktiyaTenjirukradaale eduvum seyya ishTamillaama irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has felt so frustrated lately, and doesn't want to do anything</font><br> 1) (keTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTepaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be hindered, obstructed or checked<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda kalluurikkuLLe pooha moyarci eTuttadu taTepaTTuppoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>She was frustrated in her attempt to gain entrance to that college</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cook in oil or fry, as vada, bajji, etc.; broil or roast over direct fire, as tapioca, sweet potato, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama uruLekezenga suTra vidamum avunga varukra vidamum veera maadiri irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The way we fry potatoes and the way they fry potatoes are very different</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pori)</font> 6b tr <br> cook in oil or fry, as a pappad; roast or fry, as curry; parch or toast, as grain<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>inda mundiri paruppe porikkaNum, taNNiyile kodikkavaikka kuuTaadu!</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to fry these cashews, not boil them!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get the skin burnt in the sun; become tanned, scorched, or black<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga oru paaduhaappum illaama veyille poonadaale karuttu pooyiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>He went out in the sun without any protection and got absolutely fried</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(varu)</font> 6 tr <br> roast; toast; grill, broil<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pappaTangaLe nalla morumoruppaa varutteTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fry these papadams until they're nice and crisp</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fry up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> roast; saut{\'e}; toast; broil, grill<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandenga appuramaa saappiTuradukku samoosaa varuttuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fry up a bunch of samoosas for the kids to eat later</font><br> 1) (varu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fudge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiri)</font> 6b tr <br> change, fake tamper with, as accounts, facts, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNakke tiricci ezudiyadaa avane pazi somattiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was accused of fudging the records</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTuppooTTu tayaari)</font> 6b tr <br> patch up; vamp up; throw or put together from various sources<br> , <br> <font size=+1>engakiTTe kuTukka arikke eduvum ille, adanaale naanga arikke oNNe oTTuppooTTu tayaariccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We didn't have a report to give, so we had to fudge one</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakku tavaru)</font> 3 intr <br> fail to keep a promise; go back on o's words; break a promise<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ade senjiTuveeNNu sattiyam senjiTTu vaakku tavariTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He promised to do it, but then fudged on his promise</font><br> 1) (sollu tavaru) 3 intr<br> 2) (jooTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> be evasive or shifty; dodge, as from a commitment, keeping o's word, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan iduleerundu nazuva paakkuraan, aanaa naanga avane viTamaaTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>He's trying to fudge his way out of this, but we won't let him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(saakku pookku sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> hedge; dodge; evade; avoid giving a direct answer; give lame excuses for not keeping o's word, etc.<br> -- !<br> <font size=+1>saakku pookku sollaade -- enakku neeraTiyaa badil sollu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't try to fudge--give me a direct answer!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fuel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eriporuL pooTu @sh tr@)</font> 3 tr <br> supply or provide with fuel<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama kaaleyile purappaTradukku munnaale vaNTiyile eriporuL pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to fuel the car before we leave this morning</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eriporuL vaangu @Nintr@)</font> 1 tr <br> take in or obtain fuel<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga elleye kaTakradukku munnaaleyee vaNTikkellaam eriporuL vaangikkiTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They fueled the vehicles before they crossed the border</font><br> 1) (eriporuL iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fugitive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappi ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> flee or escape, as from the police, the law, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>pala alkaiTaa kaaranga saTTattuleerundu tappiyooTi, engeeyoo talemarevaa irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>A number of AlQaeda members are fugitives from the law, hiding out somewhere</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fulfill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puurtti seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> fill up or out, as blanks; bring to an end; make complete<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandengaLooTe teeveye puurtti seyya perumpaalaana appaammaa moyarci paNNuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Most parents try to fulfil the needs of their children</font><br> 1) (senji kaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puurtti aTe @nb intr@)</font> 3b intr <br> be complete, be perfect, lack nothing to finish or fulfill s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam kaikku vandadum avan manasu puurtti aTanjadaa oNandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He felt fulfilled when the money came into his hands</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> complete; accomplish; bring to a finish; consummate; execute, obey, implement, as an order, command, etc.; keep, as o's word or promise; make true or realize, as o's ambitions, execute, obey, impl<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ammaavooTa aaseye nereveetradudaan ennooTa oree kurikkooL</font><br> <font size=+1>My only aim is to fulfil my mother's wish</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sey @nb tr@)</font> 3 tr <br> do or perform; discharge, as o's official duties<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa naaTTukku seyyaveeNTiya kaTameye cenji muTiccadaale avane perumeyooTa vaziyanuppunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He fulfilled his duty to his country and was honorably discharged</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(seyalpaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> carry out or implement, as a plan, a scheme, etc.; obey, as an order, a command, etc.; take steps to realize, as o's dreams, desires, ambitions, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa ammaavooTa aaseyeyellaam seyalpaTatta ava moyarci senjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She tried to fulfill all her mother's wishes.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(saadi)</font> 6b tr <br> make true or realize, as o's plans, ambitions, etc.; achieve<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava kaTumeyaa ozecci, oru idaya sihicce maruttuvaraa aakaNungra avaLooTa laTciyatte saadiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She worked hard and fulfilled her goal to become a heart surgeon</font><br> 1) (paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fulfilled (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveeru)</font> 3 intr <br> be fulfilled, accomplished; be realized; come or prove to be true, as a prediction<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuL kirubeyaale onnooTa teeve siikkram nereveerumNu naan nambureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I hope that your need will be fulfilled soon, by the grace of the Lord Almighty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fulfilled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveeru)</font> 3 intr <br> (3 pn) come to pass; be accomplished; succeed<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ammaavooTa aase nereveeriTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother's aspirations were fulfilled</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> come to be true, as a prediction, ambition, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>irak saNTeya patti avan munnaaleeyee sonnadu namma varuttattukku eerpa naTanduTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>What he predicted about war in Iraq was unfortunately fullfilled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>full (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nere)</font> 7 intr <br> be plentiful, abundant<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaveeri aaru nerenji ooTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The River Cauvery is at full capacity right now</font><br> 1) (aaru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>full, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full or plentiful, copious, abundant, overflowing<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varushandaan enga uuru eeriyile taNNi nerenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This year for the first time our town's water tank is full to overflowing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerambi iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full or plentiful; be abundant; abound with<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa manasule ippadaan sandoosham nerambiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Only now is he quite happy (because his heart is filled to overflowing)</font><br> 1) (nerambu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>full, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muttu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow ripe, as nuts; become mature and lose tenderness, as vegetables; grow full and hard, as trees, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>teengaa nallaa mutti irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The coconuts have become fully ripe</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> be fully grown, as the shoulders, the bust, etc.; be thick, as the hair, a crowd, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda mudiya vayasuleyum avarooTa talemuTi teraNTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He has a full head of hair even at his advanced age</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mudiru)</font> 2i <br> be full grown, as leaves; grow old; become mature, as the mind, the intellect, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>eleyellaam mudundu maram vaLandirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The leaves have filled out and the tree has matured</font><br> 1) (vaLanduru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(seri)</font> 2b intr <br> be abundant and ample; be well-supplied; be thick, as the hair; be fully filled or dense, as a forest, a city, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu oru serinji aTanda naharam. adu peruha eTamee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>That is a full, dense city, with no room to grow</font><br> 1) b (nerambu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nere)</font> 2b intr <br> grow full; become filled, as a lake, a cupboard, a room, a container, a city, etc.; be filled, as with satisfaction, joy, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kozandenga nallaa vaazuraangangradule en manasu mahizcciyile nerenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I am full of joy at the idea that my children are now settled</font><br> 1) (nere) 2b intr<br> 2) (nerenj-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fulminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> censure; chide; reprove; condemn; denounce; rant and rave<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalaaccaara vazimureyile naTanda maaTrattule avar kaNTiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been fulminating against the changes that have taken place in cultural values</font><br> 1) (iTiccure) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b i, tr <br> explode; burst; burst out, as in anger, condemnation, etc.; cause to explode or burst out<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide patti avare edaavadu sollac connaa avar appaTiyee veTikka aaramikraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When you ask him to comment on this, he just starts fulminating</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fulsome, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(komaTTu)</font> 3 intr 3 pn + dat <br> feel sick or be queasy; feel like throwing up<br> <br> <font size=+1>saakkaTe naattattaale enakku komaTTikiTTu vandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The smell of garbage made me feel fulsome.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be disgusting or repulsive<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan vaaznda vidam aruvaruppaa irundadaale, avanooTa kuTisekkuLLe pooha mattavangaLaale sahikka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>He lived in such fulsome squalor, people couldn't stand to enter his hut</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> grope; stumble, as in speaking, reading, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan kavideye paaTa moyarci senjaan, aanaa avan taTumaari ade muzukkamuzukka tappaakkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was trying to recite the poem, but he fumbled and got it all wrong</font><br> 1) (taTTi taTavu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaarip poo)</font> 1 tr <br> do or perform awkwardly, clumsily or inefficiently<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennaale uusiyile nuule nozekkamuTiyaama taTumaarip pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was trying to thread the needle, but kept fumbling it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavu)</font> 3 intr <br> grope; feel awkwardly, as in the dark<br> <br> <font size=+1>anga iruTTaa irundadaale naan vaziyile taTavikkiTTu poohaveeNTiyadaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I had to feel and fumble my way along, it was so dark</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fumble about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> grope, as for s.t. in a bag, etc.; feel with the hands or the feet<br> , <br> <font size=+1>en saTTeppaiyile saavikkaaha naan taTavi paattu eTuttappram ade nazuvaviTTuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was fumbling in my pocket for my keys, and then dropped them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavi kiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> feel o's way, as in the dark; go groping<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda viLakku aNenjaa nii kadave paakka taTavikkiTTu poohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If the light fails, you'll have to fumble your way to the door</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fumble s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavara viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drop; allow a ball to evade o's grasp; miss a catch (in ball games)<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan pande enkiTTa tuukkip pooTTaan. aanaa naan ade tavara viTTuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>He threw the ball to me, but I fumbled it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fume</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiru)</font> 3 intr <br> burn up internally; be on fire or alight<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avan sonna kaTinamaana vaartteye nenecci siirikkiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was just fuming, thinking about his harsh words.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pohe)</font> 2a <br> give off or emit smoke, as a burning log, cigarette, etc.; burn, as the heart; grieve; fume and fret<br> . <br> <font size=+1>aTuppu pohenjikkiTTirukku. neruppu aneehamaa aNenjuTTuduNNu naan nenekkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>The stove is fuming and smoking, but I think the fire has mostly gone out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pohe ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> give off or rise, as smoke<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan konja duuram ooTTiyadum enjin pohe ezuppum</font><br> <font size=+1>The engine starts to fume and emit smoke after I've driven only a mile or two</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTapaTa)</font> 6 intr <br> be fretful; fume and fret; be impatient, angry, irritated<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan neneccadeppoola naTakkaleeNNu avan paTapaTappaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's fretting and fuming because he can't get what he wants</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(siTusiTu)</font> 6 intr <br> show anger or irritated; fret and fuss<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan neneccadu naTakkaama poonaa avan siTusiTuppaa irukradu paakka keeliyaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>It's sort of fun to watch him fret and fume when he doesn't get his way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fumigate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pohe pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> burn incense, as for expelling mosquitoes<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naama inda arekku pohe pooTalaam. adu kocuveyellaam veraTTiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>We'll fumigate the room and it'll drive away the mosquitoes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(marundu aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> spray a chemical or gas, as for disinfecting; eradication of pestilence, vermin, insects<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda manusan ange iipoolaavaale erandupoonadaale naama muzu viiTTeyum marundu aTicci suttam ceyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should fumigate the whole house because the man there died of Ebola</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pohe kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr, tr <br> burn incense, as for driving away mosquitoes; use fumigation as a cure<br> , <br> <font size=+1>edukkum, inda eTattukku pohe kaaTTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's fumigate the place, just in case</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fun, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vicittramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be whimsical, eccentric or grotesque<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vinoodamaana naaTakatte paakka vicittiramaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was really fun to watch that weird play</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeTikkeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be playful, funny; be grotesque or eccentric; be amusing<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>enna? idu veeTikkeyaa irukkuNNu nii nenekreyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>What? Do you think this is some kind of fun or a joke?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tamaashaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be amusing or funny; be grotesque; be ridiculous<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangellaam adu romba tamaashaa irunduduNNu siriccikkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are all laughing at how much fun it was</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fun, have/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jook aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> joke; crack a joke<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avunga enne kiNTal senji jook aTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were having fun at my expense, having cracked a sick joke</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> kid; hoax; pretend playfully; play with; have o's fun with s.o.<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>naan veLeyaaTTukku senjeen, nii idukku koovappaTaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>I was just having fun, you don't have to take offense!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tamaash seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> kid; joke; hoax; play with, fool around with<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avane tamaash seyyaade; avanukku puriyra vayasille</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't make fun of him; he's too young to understand</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kiNTal paNNu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> make fun of, ridicule, satirize, parody, spoof, ridicule, poke fun at<br> j <br> <font size=+1>janaadibadi vaartteye pooTTu kozappura vidatte avanga kiNTal paNNaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were making fun of the way the president mangles words</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(keeli seyyi @(nb tr & intr)@)</font> 1 tr & intr <br> joke; make fun of; poke fun at; ridicule; banter<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga veera yaareyoo keeli senjuTTu irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were having fun at somebody else's expense</font><br> 1) (parihaacam seyyi ~(nb tr&intr)~) 1 tr & intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>function</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B>4 intr <br> perform; serve as; act as; operate as; fulfil a function<br> <br> <font size=+1>This program functions as a filter to keep out viruses</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~(X)~ </B> <font size=+1>(@(X)@ aa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> serve as, function as s.t. than its original intention<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kLaas ruum aafisaa eyangikkiTTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This classroom is functioning (being used as) an office.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veelai seyyi @nb intr@)</font> 3 intr <br> work, perform, operate, as a machine, a radio. etc.; act or serve, as a committee, a group, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda reeTiyoo ozungaa veele seyyidaa? ille ide rippeeru seyyaNumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is this radio functioning well or does it need repair?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veele seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> work, perform; fulfil a function<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda kuzu pala varushamaa ozungaaveele senjidu. aanaa ippoo adu appaTiyille</font><br> <font size=+1>The committee functioned effectively for years, but now it isn't</font><br> 1) (veele paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(veele seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> produce an effect, work; do it's stuff<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda vayittu vali marundu nallaa veele seyyidu. ide saappiTTa konja neerattule vayittu vali paranduttu</font><br> <font size=+1>This stomach ache medicine functions very well. Within seconds after I took it, the stomach ache was gone</font><br> 1) (veele paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fund</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nidi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> provide a fund, as for s.o. or s.t.; donate money<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanga udavittohe tiTTattuku naalu varushattukku nidi koTuttaanga. aanaa ippoo avanga kuTukradille</font><br> <font size=+1>They funded the scholarship program for 4 years, but now they won't</font><br> 1) (maaniyam kuTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nidi vasadi senjikuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> provide a fund, as for s.o. or s.t.; make a fund available, as for s.o. or s.t.; provide financial resources<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan veLinaaTTukku pooyi paTikka avanga avanukku nidi vasadi senji kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They provided the funds for him to go to study abroad</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fundamental, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(inriyameyaadu iru)</font> 7i <br> be indispensible; be impossible to be or do without; be essential<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jananaayakattuku inriyameyaadadaa irukradu pattirikkai sudandiramee</font><br> <font size=+1>A free press is fundamental in a democracy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTippaTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be basic; be primary<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga ceyra veele amaidiye marupaTiyum nelenaaTTa aTippaTeyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The work they do is fundamental for the restoration of peace</font><br> 1) (avasiyam-aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(avasiyappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be necessary or essential<br> <br> <font size=+1>sunaamikkapram kaTTumaanap paNihaLukku idu romba avasiyappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This is fundamental to the reconstruction process after the tsunami</font><br> 1) (teeveppaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muulamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be the original or the source, as for a religion, a system of ideas, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>marupiravingra karuttu indu madattooTa muulamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The concept of reincarnation is fundamental to Hinduism</font><br> 1) (aadaaramaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>funnel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTukkikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go pressed together, as in a narrow way or space<br> <br> <font size=+1>ind aNu tohalellaam inda eTattukku vandadum ind sinna paadeyile iTukkikkiTTu poovudu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the molecules get to this place, they funnel through this narrow channel</font><br> 1) (nasukkikkiTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maremohamaa anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> channel s.t. through a narrow space; divert s.t. (e.g. funds) through devious back-channels to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu varekkum inda iyakkam tiiviravaadingaLukku maremohamaa paNatte anupradule mummaramaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>All this time they were using the foundation as a front to funnel money to terrorists!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>funny, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeTikkeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be amusing; be comical; be odd or eccentric<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade paakka romba veeTikkeyaa irundudu!</font><br> <font size=+1>It was very funny to watch!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(asaadaaraNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unusual, strange, weird, odd or curious<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaadlerundu pohe varade paakka romba asaadaaraNamaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was really weird and funny to see smoke coming out of his ears</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(timiraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be impudent, sassy or insolent<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan timiraa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's funny in a sort of impudent way</font><br> 1) (tamaashaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oru maadiriyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> feel funny or off color; become slightly ill; be strange (as a person), crazy, weird<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan oru maadiriyaa irukaan. uyirooTa irukkrapavee avanooTa siruniirakam raNTeyum mattavangaLukku taanam seyya muyarci paNNunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a funny guy; he tried to donate both his kidneys to people who needed them while he was still alive!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(seeTTe paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> (usually of children) be mischievous and amusing; be given to playing tricks, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppavum edaavadu seeTTe paNNikkiTTeeyiruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's always finding something amusing to do</font><br> 1) (tuTukkaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>furious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kondaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of sea) be violent or turbulent; (of people) be enraged, or violent with passion<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTal romba kondaLicci ezumbnadunaale naan paTahu muzuhiTumNu nenecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>The sea got very stormy and furious, and I thought the boat would sink</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veripiTi)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> be wild or mad with fury, passion, rage, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avane veere engeyaavadu pooy vasikkaNumuNu sonnadum avanukku veripiTiccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>He became furious when I suggested he go to live somewhere else</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oongu)</font> 3i <br> be strong; be furiously powerful, as a blow, the wind, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattu oongi aTiccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The wind blew furiously.</font><br> 1) (oongi aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aaveesappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be enraged; be wild with passion or rage<br> <br> <font size=+1>arekoreyaa senja veeleye paattu avan aaveesappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was furious to see the job only half done.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(koobamaTai @nb intr@)</font> 7 intr <br> be angry or enraged<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide keeTTadum ava koobamaTenjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was furious when she heard this</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>furl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTi)</font> 6b tr <br> roll or fold up, as a flag, a fan or an umbrella<br> . <br> <font size=+1>koTi irukkamaa maTicci irundudu. ade naanga terandappoo adu maTi avizale</font><br> <font size=+1>The flag was tightly furled, and wouldn't unfurl when we opened it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> roll or fold up, as a fan or an umbrella<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan koTeye maTakki avanooTa peTTiyile pooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He furled his umbrella and put it in his suitcase</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>furled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be rolled or folded, as a fan or an umbrella<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTi romba kaalamaa maTangi irundirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The flag had been furled for a long time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suruL)</font> 1 intr <br> be rolled up, as a sail, a net, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>varepaTatte suruTTi kaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The map has to be furled up and tied</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>furnish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alangari)</font> 6b tr <br> supply furnishings; put in or equip with furnishings<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga viiTu muzuseyum muulaadane poruLe vacci alangariccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They furnished the whole house with antiques</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give; supply, as an answer to a question, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga inda keelvikkellaam sariyaana badil kuTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You are expected to furnish the correct answers to these questions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viniyoohi)</font> 6b tr <br> supply, as a furnisher or otherwise distribute<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga engaLukku kanaTaavuleerundu vanda iraale viniyoohikkiraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They furnish us with fresh prawns, which have to come from Canada</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>furnish richly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> adorn, supply with ornaments and jewels<br> <br> <font size=+1>silappadihaarattule koovalan maadavikku nereya tanga naheye puuTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In the epic Silappatikaram, the hero Kovalan furnished Madavi with many gold ornaments</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>furrow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause wrinkles to appear; make wrinkles in<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare naan oru kashTamaana keelvi keeTTappoo avar tannooTa puruvatte surukkinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He furrowed his brow when I asked him a difficult question</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uzu)</font> 1 tr <br> plough; make furrows by ploughing<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii uzarappa aazamaa uzaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>As you plough, make deep furrows</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTikkiTTu poo)</font> 3 intr <br> go along making furrows, as a car in a muddy road; go, leaving deep tracks<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga romba tuuram ooTTikkiTTu poona poodu vaNTi sakkaram maN rooTTe tooNTikkiTTu poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The tires were furrowing the muddy road as we drove deeper and further along</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>furrowed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukkam vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> become furrowed, as the brow<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan mohattule surukkam vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His brow became furrowed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>further</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadari)</font> 6b tr <br> support; help; promote; help to advance<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu amaidiye aadarikka odavum</font><br> <font size=+1>This will help further the cause of peace</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(munnukku koNTu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> help to go forward or to succeed<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama idukku uukkam uuTTi munnukku koNTu varaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to further this and encourage it to go forward</font><br> 1) (munneettu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meempaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> advance; help to go forward or become better<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaNitaviyal paaTatte eTuttu avanooTa paTippe meempaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He furthered his education by taking advanced mathematics</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(munneera seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause or help to advance, develop or progress<br> <br> <font size=+1>avunga nereya paNam kuTuttu anda tiTTatte munneera senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They furthered the cause by contributing a lot of money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLaru)</font> 6 tr <br> cause or help to grow or advance<br> <br> <font size=+1>uram seettaa seTi nallaa vaLarum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you add fertilizer, it will further the plant's growth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>furtive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rahasiyamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be secret or stealthy<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naaTTukkuLLe vandapram avanooTa naTavaTikke rahasiyamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His movements after entering the country were furtive and stealthy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruTTu tanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be secret, secretive or stealthy; be sly or shifty; be underhanded<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTiyoovle avan tiruTan maadiri tiruTTu tanamaa irukra veele seyrade paakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>On the video you can see him making furtive gestures, like a thief</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urukki eNe)</font> 6 tr <br> unite or join by melting<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda reNTu ulooha tuNTe urukki eNekka vazi paakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to find a way to fuse the two metal pieces</font><br> 1) (urukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> melt in heat or great heat, as metals, etc.; become liquid<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu taadum rompa veppattule uruhum</font><br> <font size=+1>The two elements fuse under great heat</font><br> 1) (oNNu seeru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fuss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naccari)</font> 6b tr <br> annoy; trouble; bother<br> <br> <font size=+1>tayavusenji romba naccarikkaadiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please don't fuss too much</font><br> 1) (aru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be restless, anxious or fussy; work o.s. up<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii adeppatti romba alaTTikkiTTu manam varundaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't fuss so much about it that you work yourself into a dither</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aarppaaTTam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a fuss or much ado about nothing<br> <br> <font size=+1>oNNum illaadadukku ava periya aarppaaTTam senjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She made a big fuss over nothing at all</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fuss about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azudukiTTee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be weepy, weeping; keep complaining through self-pity; indulge in self-pity<br> <font size=+1>What is that child fussing about? I just fed it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fuss over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaniccikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> attend; take care of; look after<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTTikku kozandengLe kavaniccukkavum avangaLukku palahaaram senji kuTukkavum romba piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Grandma loves to fuss over the children and make them treats</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fussy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraa kudi)</font> 6b intr <br> be easily or excessively excited over trifles, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa viTTukkuLLe poorappoo kaalle maNNu irundaa ava taarumaaraa kudippaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She gets very fussy if you track dirt into her house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fusty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(makkal naattam aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be mouldy or musty, as a room, clothes, etc.; smell unpleasant and stale<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ingke makkal naattam aTikkudu. naama inda eTatte kaattaaTa vekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>It smells kind of fusty in here; we need to air the place out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>futile, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payanillaama iru)</font> 7i <br> be useless; be without any effect or result<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maleye ippavee miiTka muyarcikkiradu payanillaama irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>It would be futile to try to take that hill right now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(laayakkillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people, gadgets, etc.) be worthless or useless; be unfit; be unable to bring off; be bound to be unsuccessful or ineffective<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan kuttavaaLi illeeNNu nirubikka naTuvar manram muyarcittadu. adu laayakkillaama irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Their attempt to convince the jury that he was not guilty was fuitile</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be totally useless, in vain<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peeccu viiNaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His speech was totally futile.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be useless, ineffective or unsuccessful, as an attempt, an action, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kozandeyooTa uyire kaappaatta avanga viiNaa muyarci senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They made a futile attempt to save the baby's life</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>fuzzy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr <br> blur; be indistinct or misty<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan azukkaana kaNNaaTi vaziyaa paakka muyarci paNNuneen, aanaa vaTivamellaam mangalaa terinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to see through the dirty glass but the images were too fuzzy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> blabber; speak incoherently, because of senility, intoxication, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa peeccu oLaralaa irukradaale avane purinjikkavee muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>His speech is so fuzzy you can't understand him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gab</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> chatter; talk idly; keep talking over trifles; chew the fat<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga reNTu peerum oNNaa kuuTinaa niruttaama vaayaaTikkiTTee iruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the two of them get together they just gab non-stop</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(araTTe aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> gossip; chatter; talk idly<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanga sutti okkaandu araTTe aTippaanga, aanaa eppavum adu verum veTTi peeccaattaan irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>They sit around and gab a lot, but it's just idle talk</font><br> 1) (vamb-aLa) 7i<br> 2) (vamb-aLa) 7i<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toNatoNa)</font> 6i <br> chatter; babble; talk foolishly, incessantly or idly; gabble; jabber<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii ede patti toNatoNattukkiTTu irukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you gabbing about?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vambu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> gossip; talk idly; while away through small talk<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanga reNTu peerum eppavum vambu peesikkiTTee iruppaanga. ennaale naTuvule oru vaartte kuuTa peesa muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The two of them gab non-stop and I can't get a word in edgewise</font><br> 1) (vaay-aTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aLandu kiTTu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> talk for a long time about trifles; gossip away<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava naaL puura aLandu kiTTu iruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She just gabs and gabs, all day long</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gabble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTakaTaNNu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> talk or speak rapidly, but not necessarily unintelligibly; have the gift of the gab<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane niruttuNNu solra varekkum avan kaTakaTaNNu peesi oLarikkiTTeeyirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gabbled on in an incoherent way until he was told to stop</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kokkari)</font> 6b intr <br> (of hens and cocks) cluck<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kooziyum kaaTTu kooziyum kokkarikkum. matta paraveyellaam kuuvum</font><br> <font size=+1>The hens and turkeys gabble while other birds make cooing sounds</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> jabber; utter incoherently or unintelligibly<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>niinga reNTupeerum enna oLarikkiTTu irukkiinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are the two of you gabbling about?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gad</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> wander; fool around; move restlessly or aimlessly<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii uurellaam tiriyaruduku padilaa viTTile irundu paTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to stay at home and hit the books instead of gadding around town</font><br> 1) (suttippaaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gad (about, around)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkiTTu tiri)</font> 2a i, tr <br> fool around; move about; wander about<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku ellaa vishayattuleyum muukke nozeccikiTTu uuru suttikkiTTu tiriya piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>He likes to gad about town, poking his nose in everywhere</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccu koo @ (sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> (of s.t.) block (the throat) while eating<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan edeyoo saapTapoo adu toNTeye aTeccikkiTTadaale avan saavaada koredaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gagged while eating something tough and almost choked to death</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poreyeeru)</font> 3 intr, 3pn + dat <br> be suffocated by food or drink entering the wind-pipe<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saappiTTappoo poreyeerunadunaale avan settu pooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The man was killed when he gagged on something he ate</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(komaTTu)</font> 3 intr, 3pn + dat <br> feel like vomitting; retch<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTTupoona irecciyooTa naattattaale enakku komaTTikkiTTu vandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I gagged when I smelled the rotten meat.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(peesaamaliru)</font> 7 intr <br> ask, tell or force s.o. not to speak<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tangaLooTa tuppariyra moyarci baadikkaama irukka, kaavalturaiyinar avungaLooTa tahavalaaLikiTTa peesaamalirukka sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police ordered their informant to be gagged, so as not to compromise the investigation.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaye kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop up the mouth of s.o., as with a bandage, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadinga avane puTiccu avan yaareyum odavikki kuupTa muTiyaame vaaye kaTTunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists grabbed the guy and gagged him so he couldn't call for help</font><br> 1) (vaayle tiNi) 6b tr<br> 2) (vaayaTe) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(veeTikke paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> make quips; tell a joke or jokes; play tricks<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avanukku jook aTicci veeTikke paNNa romba puTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>He loves to joke and gag</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gaga, go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(putti keTTup poo)</font> 3b intr 3pn + dat <br> become weak in mind because of old age or infirmity; lose o's mind; become silly or foolish; lose o's reason or senses<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukku vayasaanadum putti keTTup poonadaale avare paittiyakaara aaspattiriyile seettaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When he got old he just went gaga, and was institutionalized</font><br> 1) (muuLe keTTup poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mazungiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of mind, brain, intellect, etc.) be or become dull or blunt; lose sharpness<br> <br> <font size=+1>laas veegasle paatta naTanakaari meele aase vacci avanukku putti mazungiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He went gaga over this dancer he met in Las Vegas</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(laabam aTe)</font> 2tr <br> profit; make a profit; benefit<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda pangeyellaam naanga vittappoo naanga nalla laapam aTenjoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We gained when we sold that stock</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> obtain, acquire or gather, as money, property, houses, farms, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan viiTTe vaangi vittu nallaa paNam seettaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has gained financially from his buying and selling real estate</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 2a tr <br> arrive at, as a place; reach, as a target, a destination, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga oyaramaana eTattukku poonadum engaLaale konjam ooyvu eTukka muTiyumNu neneccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>When we gained the high ground, we felt we could rest for a while</font><br> 1)j (jeyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veehamaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go or move fast or faster; (of clocks and watches) gain time; catch up with or move up on another moving vehicle;<br> <br> <font size=+1>vimaanam veehamaa pooyi vaanattule eericci</font><br> <font size=+1>The airplane began to gain speed and finally took off</font><br> 1) (adihari) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(munneeru)</font> 3 intr <br> improve; advance; make progress, as in physical or financial condition, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii vaazkkeyile munneeii onnooTa laTciyatteyellaam aTeya, nii oru tiTTam veccirukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you want to gain in life and attain your goals, you have to have a plan</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(laabam keTe)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> get as a profit; receive as benefit; reap<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku romba laabam keTeccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was able to make great gains financially</font><br> 1) (pooy seeru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> increase, as weight, height, profit, etc.; gather, as speed, wealth, property, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa kaadalan erandadum jeyalalidaavukku mavusu kuuTiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Jayalalitha gained influence after her boy friend died</font><br> 1) (aadaayam keTe) 6b intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(sambaadiccikkoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> obtain or get, as property; earn<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanukku iruppatti ooru vayasaanadum, avanooTa appaa aduvare kaNkaaNicci vanda sotteyellaam avan sambaadiccikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he turned 21, he gained control of properties previously managed by his father</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(kizi)</font> 6b tr <br> win or make money, as in a game<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu naaL paTicci ennette kizicciTTee?</font><br> <font size=+1>What have you gained from all this studying?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(keTa)</font> 4 tr <br> obtain, get, acquire, as experience, fame, property, profit, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ameydip paTeyile irundappoo avanukkku nereya anubavam keTeccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>He gained a lot of experience during his time in the peace corps</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gain on, upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruhele nerungu)</font> 3 tr <br> get near or nearer to; catch up with; approach<br> <br> <font size=+1>pandayattappoo avan pin nilayileerundu vandu mudalle irukra ooTTakaaraNukku aruhile nerunginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>During the race, he came from behind and began to gain on the front runner</font><br> 1) (pakkam nerungu) 3 tr<br> 2) (mundikkoo @sh intr@) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gainful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam keTe)</font> 6b intr + dat <br> be paying, as a venture, a business, a profession, etc.; get or be paid money<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nii nalla paNam keTekkira veeleyile irukkaNum. summa veeleye mattikkiTTeeyirukkak kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to be involved in gainful employment, not just drifting along from one job to another</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>galvanize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaandam poola kavaru)</font> 2 tr <br> have a magnetic effect on s.o.; mesmerize, inspire<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaiccarooTa peeccu ellaareyum kaandam poola kavarndudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister's speech galvanized everyone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gang</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooshTi seeru)</font> 6 tr, 2 intr <br> form into a clique or gang<br> <br> <font size=+1>avunga kooshTi seendu anda sotte vaanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They ganged together and bought the property as a group</font><br> 1) (geeng seeru) 6 tr, 2 intr<br> 2) (geeng teraTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> form into a group (crowd); go in together on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama oNNu seendu selave ellaam sarisamamaa piriccikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's gang together and share all the expenses</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kooshTi seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> form into a group, clique or gang; gang up (on s.t.); go together (on), club together<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga kooshTi seendu anda sotte vaangunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They ganged together and bought the property as a group</font><br> 1) (geeng seeru) 6 tr, 2 intr<br> 2) (geeng teraTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gang (up) on/against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seendu edir)</font> 6 tr <br> join together and oppose or confront<br> , b d d , <br> <font size=+1>avanga ennooTa tambiye oNNu seendu edirttu, avane veLeyaaTa viTale</font><br> <font size=+1>They ganged up on my brother and wouldn't let him play.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gang up on/against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirkka oNNu seeru)</font> 2 tr <br> join or work together to oppose or confront<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga oNNu seendu modalaaLiye edirttu avarkiTTe pensane patti keeTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They ganged up on the boss and confronted him about the pensions</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gaol, see also jail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(jeyille aTe)</font> 6 tr <br> imprison; put in prison<br> <br> <font size=+1>varumaana vari kaTTaame irundadukku avane jeyille aTeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was jailed for income tax evasion</font><br> 1) (sereyle iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gap, cf. gape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTappu eerpaTu)</font> 3i <br> be broken, as a wall<br> . <br> <font size=+1>siinaa suvarule romba oTanjiTTu. oTappu eerpaTTa eTattedaan naam paakka muTiyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Portions of the Great Wall of China are broken, and gaping holes are all you see</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaye peLa)</font> 7tr <br> open the mouth wide, as in astonishment, surprise, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga aacciriyattile vaaye poLandu kiTTu avane paattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were so surprised, they just gaped at him</font><br> 1) (vaaye torandukkoo) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pidukkikkoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of eyes) bulge or protrude, as with surprise, etc.; stare, stare open-mouthed, stare in wonder, goggle, gaze, ogle; (inf.) rubberneck; gawk, gawp.<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>summa odaTTe pidukkikkiTTu nikkaade, odavi seyyi!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't just stand there gaping, start helping!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gape (cf. also gap)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTe uNTaahu)</font> 3i <br> appear open, as a hole or an opening in, as a wall, a fence<br> . <br> <font size=+1>veeliyile periya ooTTe uNTaayirukku. adu vaziyaa oru vaNTiyeyee ooTTikkiTTu poolaam poola irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a gaping hole in that fence; you could drive a truck through it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gape at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNNu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> stare or look at, with open mouth, as in wonder, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anga ellaarum vibattu kaaTciye aaNNu paattukkiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The spectators stared and gaped at the accident scene</font><br> 1) (vaaye poLandu-kiTTu paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>garb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uTutti koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dress or clothe o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paattadileeyee visittiramaana uTeyellaam avunga uTuttikkiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were garbed in the strangest clothes I have ever seen</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>garble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiriccu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> mix up, distort; repeat in a distorted manner; say or report misleadingly, or in the wrong order<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga seediye tiriccu sonnadaale naanga adooTa arttatte talekiizaa purinjukiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>They garbled the message in such a way that we understood it to mean the exact opposite</font><br> 1) (kozappiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>garden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooTTa veele seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> work in a garden tending plants, etc.; cultivate a garden<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku vayasaayirundaalum ava tenamum tooTTa veele seyraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She gardens almost every day, despite her age</font><br> 1) (tooTTa veele paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gargle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koppLi)</font> 6 tr <br> rinse the mouth; rinse the throat<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii inda marundaale tenamum reNTumore vaaye kopLikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to gargle with this medicine twice a day</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>garland</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaleyaale alangari)</font> 6 tr <br> decorate with garlands, as a deity, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga saami seleye deNamum maaleyaale alangarippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They garland the deity with flowers daily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maale pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put a garland on, as a person, a deity, a statue, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavile yaarukkaavadu mariyaade koTukrappa avungaLukku maale pooTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In India when they want to honor somebody, they garland them</font><br> 1) (maaleyiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maale pooTu)</font> 3 tr <br> furnish with garlandry, pendants, etc.; crown with a diadem; confer a title, invest with honors<br> <br> <font size=+1>teerdalle jeyicca uruppinareyellaam maale pooTTu varaveettaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the members who won in the election were garlanded and welcomed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>garland (tie)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maale kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> form into a garland; bind or string (flowers, etc.) into a garland; make a garland, as with flowers, etc.;<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda jaadi makkaL puukkaraanga. avunga pozeppukkaaha maale kaTravanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people of that jadi are garland-makers--they string garlands for a living</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>garner</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seettu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> accumulate, as wealth, etc.; earn and save, as money; amass, as wealth, property, etc.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sottu vaangi vittu nereya selvam seettu veccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He garnered a lot of wealth through wheeling and dealing in real estate</font><br> 1) (seehari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>garnish with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rusi koTu)</font> 6 tr <br> add taste or flavor to, as dishes<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda saappaaTTukku rusi koTukka poduvaa eelam kiraambu poonra narumaNa poruTkaLum kiireyeyum seeppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The dish is usually garnered with fresh herbs and spices</font><br> 1) (rusippaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(alangari)</font> 6b tr <br> decorate; adorn; embellish, especially the presentation of food<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga ade paarvekki azahaa irukka pazattaale alangarippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They garnish it with fresh fruits, mostly just for visual effect</font><br> 1) (singaari) 6b tr<br> 2) (azahipaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>garrulous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(salasalaNNu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> be given to chattering; keep talking endlessly and fast; be talkative; jabber<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan romba salasalaNNu peesuvaan. vaartte taNNi maadiri vandukiTTeeyirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very garrulous, and is never at a loss for words</font><br> 1) (vaLavaLaNNu peesu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gas</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(visha poheyaale saahaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> kill with a poisonous gas<br> , <br> <font size=+1>sela sereccaaleyile maraNa taNTane kaidihaLe minsaara naakalikku badilaa visha poheyaale saahaTippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In some prisons, they gas the condemned prisoners instead of using the electric chair</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gas up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> supply with gas<br> <br> <font size=+1>baluunukku kaattaTicci parakka viTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to gas up the air balloons so they'll float</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peTrool pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (esp. Amer.) fill up with gas/petrol; get s.o. to fill up with gasoline/petrol<br> <br> <font size=+1>niiNTa payaNattukkaaha vaNTikku peTrool pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to gas up the car for the long trip</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut; make a gash in; slash<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda peTTiye torakka moyarci senjappoo anda peTTikkattiyaale avanooTa kaale veTTikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gashed his leg with that box opener, trying to cut the box</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gashed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTuppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get cut, slashed or scratched, esp. accidentally, as while cutting vegetables, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTiye tirakkrappoo ennooTa veral veTTuppaTTuTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>My finger got gashed while I was opening the box</font><br> 1) (gaayam-aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gasify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayuvaakku)</font> 3 intr <br> become a gas; make s.t. into a gas<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nelakkariye vaayuvaakki, ade obayoohiccu viiTTe suuTaakkum mureye uruvaakkikkiTTu irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are developing methods to gasify coal and use it for heating buildings</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gasp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ere)</font> 2b intr <br> breathe with difficulty; gulp air<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vayasaana aaLu muuccu erekka ooTi vandaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That old man came running, gasping for breath</font><br> 1) (teNaru) 3 intr<br> 2) (siramattooTu suvaasi) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu vaangu)</font> 3 tr 3pn + dat <br> breathe hard; pant; wheeze<br> <br> <font size=+1>nuraiyiiral nooy muttip poonadaale avanukku muuccu vaangudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of the advanced state of his lung disease, he just gasps for air</font><br> 1) (muucc-ere) 6b intr 3pn + dat<br> 2) (muuccu teNaRu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gasp for, after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eengu)</font> 3 intr <br> crave or long, as for air or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan muucukkaattukkaaha eengum samayattile naan kukekkuLirundu taTumaarikkiNTu veLiyee vandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was just gasping for air when I staggered out of the cave</font><br> 1) (tavi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gasp in, with, at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu aTe)</font> 6 intr <br> feel choked or smothered, as with grief, shock, sad news, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar settuTTaaruNNu seedi keeTTadum enakku adircciyile muuccu aTeccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>I gasped in shock when I learned that he had died</font><br> 1) (teNaru) 3 intr<br> 2) (muuccu muTTu) 3 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gasp out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu vaanga sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> utter with gasps; speak in a choked up, breathless manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vishayatte muuccu vaanga solliTTu apram mayakkam pooTTu vizunduTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He managed to gasp out a message before collapsing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gather</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> cluster, assemble, come together; form, as a crowd<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTam kuuTina oTanee mandiri peecce aarambiccuTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister will start his speech as soon as the crowd gathers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> assemble, as a crowd; accumulate, as wealth; pile up, as work; get behind; gather in a low place or bottle neck so as to impede drainage<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum inda vizaavukku teraNTu vaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Would you all please gather for this function?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzndiru)</font> 7 intr <br> relate to; be dependent upon; be adjacent to; hang around s.o.; flock around<br> . <br> <font size=+1>padaviyle irundaa ellaam ongaLe suuzndukiTTiruppanga, idudaan olaham.</font><br> <font size=+1>if you are doing well everyone will gather around you. This is the way of the world</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> grow larger, form a greater mass; accumulate<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>anda panjaalakki munnaale romba kuuTTam seendirukkudee. adu een?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is there a big crowd gathered in front of that cotton factory?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6b tr <br> gather berries, fruit; pick, pluck (flowers or leaves)<br> j <br> <font size=+1>naan puujekkaaha denamum puu parippeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I gather flowers daily for doing pujas.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gather up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> aggregate; collect, gather together; assemble<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTu veelekkaaran sedari keTanda arisiyeyellaam oNNuseettaan</font><br> <font size=+1>our servant gathered up all the rice that was scattered around</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gaunt, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTiy olaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be haggard; be dried up; be emaciated and worn out<br> <br> <font size=+1>sadaam nereya maadamaa sireyile irundadaale oTambu oTTi olarndu irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Saddam looks very gaunt after the months of imprisonment.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(elumbu kuuTaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become bony; be a skeleton, as with illness, old age, hunger, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukku romba vayacaanataale avarooTa oTambu melinji elumbu kuuTaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He's as skinny and gaunt as a skeleton, from old age</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gauzy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vale tuNi maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be like gauze; be thin and transparent, diaphanous<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paTattule naTanam aaTuravanga vale tuNi maadiri irukkra tuNiye pooTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The dancers in that movie wear gauzy costumes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sallaa tuNi maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be thin and loose-textured; be like thin muslin or chiffon<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda tuNi mellisaa sallaa tuNi maadri irukku. idu vaTakattiya kuLire taangaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cloth is very gauzy and thin; it won't do in a cold northern climate</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gawdy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make a display or show of s.t.; prance around flamboyantly<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda poNNu nereya naheye pooTTukiTTu minukkunaa</font><br> <font size=+1>that woman loaded herself up with lots of gold jewelry and made a gawdy display of herself</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gawk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizi)</font> 6b intr <br> stare in astonishment; be or remain astonished or perplexed; gape with eyes wide open; stand staring<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan senja seyale paattu ennooTa sneehidan appaTiyee muziccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>my friend was so astonished when he saw what the other guy did that he just stood and gawked</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vericcu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> stare; stare at s.t. foolishly or stupidly; keep staring at s.t. without doing anything<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava angeyee niNNukkiTTu kole kaTciye vericcup paattukkiTTu irundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She just stood there and gawked at the murder scene</font><br> 1) (paattu muzi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vizi pidunga paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look with bulging or wide-open eyes; goggle; gape<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan tappu senjaa, nii enne vizi pidungap paattukkiTTu nikkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>When I make a mistake, don't stand and gawk at me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gawky, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nalinamillaama iru)</font> 2 intr <br> be clumsy; awkward; without graces<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ava sinnavaLaa irundappoo nalinamee illaama irundaa. aanaa ippa romba azahaavum oru vaTivaavum irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was kind of gawky when she was younger, but now she's very elegant and poised</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gay, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mahiz)</font> 2i <br> be happy, merry or cheerful<br> <br> <font size=+1>angee vaazndappa naanga romba makizcciyaa irundoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We had a gay old time when we lived there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaru)</font> 2 intr <br> be attractive, enchanting or pleasing<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava oru kavarcci mihunda, kavale illaadavaLaa tannettaanee veLippaTuttuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She presents herself as gay, carefree, without any troubles.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gaze at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uttu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look steadily or intently<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga puune sela sameyam enne uttu paakkrapoo adu enna nenekkuduNNu naan yoocippeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Our cat sometimes just gazes at me so steadily, I wonder what she's thinking</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuurndu paaru)</font> 3 intr <br> look steadily, sharply or intently; observe<br> . .<br> <font size=+1>inda vindaiyeyellaam nii nallaa kavanikkaNum. kaN simiTTaama kuurndu paaru.</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to observe these phenomena very carefully--gaze steadily, and don't blink an eye</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gear down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meduvaa ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive slowly or more slowly; shift down; downshift<br> <br> <font size=+1>senguttaana malekki vandadum nii meduvaa ooTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>When you come to the steep hill, you need to gear down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gear to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orungeNe)</font> 2i <br> be coordinated to, integrated with<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna paTikraduNNu muTivu seyyaama irukra maaNavangeLeyellaam orungkeNekradu inda pudu tiTTam</font><br> <font size=+1>The new program is geared toward students who haven't decided what to study yet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarbupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> connect or relate s.t. with another; make dependent<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ide veLiyiTradukkum tayaarikradukkum toTarbupaTuttaNum. verum kooTpaaTaa irukka kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This has to be geared to output and production, not just some theoretical goal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gear up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaaraahikkiTTiru)</font> 7i <br> get prepared for production of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaasaavukkaaha pudu suttu peeccuvaarttekki eranga naanga tayaaraahikkiTTirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We're gearing up for a new round of negotiations over the Gaza strip</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>geared up, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be prepared for, be ready; be set to go; be excited about<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga pudu naaTahattukkaaha tayaaraa irukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We're all geared up for the new show</font><br> 1) (tuTicci-kiTTiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be eager, excited, impatient or expectant, as to do s.t. or for s.t.; be quivering with excitement<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kozandenga inda pudu paTatte paakka tuTikkiraanga. ennaale avangaLe amaidippaTutta muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The children are so geared up for this new movie, I can't keep them quiet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>geld</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> (of animals) castrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>iLam kaaLemaaTTeyellaam vasanda kaalattule kaayaTippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They used to geld the young bulls in the spring of the year</font><br> 1) (vere aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>geminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iraTTippaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make double; make twice as much, as large, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>moziyiyalle tamize poola sela moziyile meyyezutte iraTTippaakkuradukku seyalmure irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>In linguistics, there is a process of geminating consonants that occurs in some languages such as Tamil</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(reTTippaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become doubled, as certain consonants in sandhi<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tamizle, sela meyyezuttu sela samayatle reTTippaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>In Tamil, some consonants geminate in certain situations</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>general, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become common, usual, as a custom, a practice<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippellaam aneehamaa ellaarum selfoon veccirukradu pazahippoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>It has become general now for almost everyone to have a cell phone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saadaaraNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be common; be unspecialized, as education, etc.; be widespread<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum reNTu kaariyangaLe ore samayattule senjikkiTTirukradu romba saadaaraNamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's a general and common thing to see people doing two things at once</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be customary; be widespread; be prevailing<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum avunga avungaLukkuNNee irukradu romba vazakkamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The general idea is that it's every man for himself</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poduppaTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be pertaining to or concerning all; be non-exclusive<br> . <br> <font size=+1>idu poduppaTeyaa payanpaTradukkaaha irukku. tanippaTTa oruttarukkaaha maTTum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>This is for general use, not just for specific people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>generalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(podumeyamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> generalize; make (a) generalization(s) of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oruvan tappu senjaa avane sutti irukkuravanga ellaarum tappu seyravangaNNu podumeyamaakka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Just because he made a mistake, you cannot generalize that all those associated with him are making mistakes</font><br> 1) (anumaani) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(podumeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a generalization; infer a general principle, etc., as from facts, figures, etc.; put s.t. into a more general form or use<br> <br> <font size=+1>iduleerundu suttusuuzal suuTaahikkiTTu irukkuNNu kaNTippaa podumeppaTuttikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>From this you can generalize that environmental warming is definitely taking place</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poduppaTeyaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> infer or state an opinion, conclusion, etc., from meager facts, information, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela udaaraNangaLe veccikkiTTu veera madatte seendavangaLe patti naama poduppaTeyaa sollakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We should not generalize about people from other religions, based on just a few examples</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poduvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make general or common; bring into general use<br> <br> <font size=+1>terukkaLe amekrade poduvaakkinadukku rooman makkaLdaan kaaraNam</font><br> <font size=+1>The Romans are responsible for generalizing the construction of roads</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>generate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLevi)</font> 6 tr <br> produce, as a result; create; cause to occur, as hatred, joy, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>iiraakkule naama seyra kaariyattaale nereya pahaimaiye veLevikkuduNNu naan nenekkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I definitely think that we are generating a lot of animosity by our actions in Iraq</font><br> 1) (uNTu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> create, as a sentence (as in generative grammar)<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya vaakkiyatte uruvaakkuradukku inda reNTu vididaan kaaraNam</font><br> <font size=+1>These two rules together are responsible for generating an awful lot of sentences</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(urpatti seyyi (@nb tr@))</font> 1 tr <br> produce, as electricity; manufacture<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nelakkariye ericcu minsaaram urpatti seyya muTiyum. aanaa adu tuuymeyaa irukkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We can generate electricity by burning coal, but it won't be 'clean'</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>generous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruntanmeyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be noble-minded; be unselfish; be big-hearted or altruistic<br> <br> <font size=+1>keeTs niruvanam aappirikkaavukku nidiyudavi kuTukradule romba peruntanmeyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The Gates Foundation is being very generous with its funds in Africa</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaari kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> be philanthropic, give money freely, support causes, be big-hearted<br> . <br> <font size=+1>sela paNakkaaranga avangaLooTa paNatte vaari kuTukkuraanga. sela peeru kanjattanamaa irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some rich people are very generous with their money; others are skinflints</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(daaraaLamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> help; assist; be helpful; be ready to help, be liberal in giving, etc.; be munificent<br> <br> <font size=+1>avunga muuNaam olaha naaTTukku odavuradule romba daaraalamaa irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have been very generous with aid to the third world</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>genial, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anbu kaaTTu)</font> 3 trr <br> be friendly; be cordial; be compassionate<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avar nallaa anbu kaaTTuvaaru. adanaale nii bayappaTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very genial and approachable, so don't be afraid</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nallaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of climate, etc.) be good; be conducive<br> , <br> <font size=+1>siidooshNanele nallaa irukku, adooTa adu aarookkiyattukum nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>The climate is very genial and conducive to health</font><br> 1) (anbaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gentle, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saaduvaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) be meek or mild; (of animals) be tame and not unruly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oTambu perisaavum valimeyaavum irundaalum avan romba saaduvaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a very gentle guy, even though he's big and strong</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kanivaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be kindly; be soft, tender or sweet, with affection, love, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kozandengaLooTa kanivaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was very gentle with the children</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(menmeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be non-violent and soft, as a person; be mild as in manners, etc.; be soft, as voice, sound; be mild, as a breeze, heat, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tenral kaattu menmeyaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The breeze was gentle and soft</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>genuflect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maNTiyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> bend the knees, as before an idol, master, etc.; express reverence, servility or supplication<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela madangaLLe saami sele munaaTiyum saamiyarukku munaaTiyum maNTiyiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>In some religions, you are supposed to genuflect before the deity or a holy person</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>genuine, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be authentic or original; pure or unadulterated<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda sele asalaa irukku, soozar kaalatte seerndudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This statue is genuine, from the Chola period itself</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) j </B> <font size=+1>(nejamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be real; be sincere, as a feeling, an attitude, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avan onakku odavuradule nejamaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He genuinely wants to help you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>germane, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> be connected, relevant or pertinent<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungaLooTa vivaadam inda vishayattukku porundradille</font><br> <font size=+1>Your arguments are just not germane to the issue at hand</font><br> 1) (tahu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>germinate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moLekka vaiyyi @(rb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to sprout or shoot<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vedeye vedeccadukku apram, nereya taNNi uuttinaa adellaam oru vaarattukkuLLe moLekka vacciTum</font><br> <font size=+1>After the seeds are in the ground, adding generous amounts of water should make them germinate within a week</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> (of seed) start growing, cause to start growing; (of an idea, feeling, etc.) develop, cause to develop<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ingu oru tiTTam vaLara toTangudu. adu veere engeyaavadu payan paTum</font><br> <font size=+1>An idea is starting to germinate there, one that could be used elsewhere</font><br> 1) (moLe) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moLe viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> sprout; start growing; put forth shoots; begin to develop, as an idea, feeling, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>seTiyellaam muLe viTudu. innum reNTu maasattukkuLLe kaay kuTuttuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The plants are starting to germinate, and should yield fruit within two months</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLir viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> sprout; shoot; begin to grow, as a plant, an idea, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>cinna modaliiTTut tiTTa vangingra tiTTam tuLir viTTu paraviyadu. ippoodu vevveera eTattuleyum ide seyalpaTutturaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The idea of the grameen bank began to germinate and spread, and is now being applied in many different places</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gesticulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiye aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> move the hands or the arms; gesture broadly; wave the arms<br> ! ! ! , !<br> <font size=+1>appaappaa! anda aaLu ongaLe paattuTTaaruppaa! kaiyekuuTa aaTTuraaruppaa!</font><br> <font size=+1>That man is gesticulating and waving his arms at you, Dad!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiye aaTTikkiTTu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak with gesticulations<br> <br> <font size=+1>selappeeru eppavum kaiye aaTTikkiTTee peesuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people always speak gesticulating wildly with their arms</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(jaaTe kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a gesture; express by a gesture<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga poonle peecurappo kuuTa kaiyaale jaaTe kaaTTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Even when they speak on the telephone, they gesticulate with their hands</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gesture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaaTe kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> beckon enticingly, lure, make a sign<br> j <br> <font size=+1>appaa koovamaa irukkaaruNNu ammaa jaaTe kaaTTunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Mother made a gesture to let me know that father was angry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varavaze)</font> 6 tr <br> cause to be brought, as a cup of coffee; cause to come or fetch, as a doctor<br> <br> <font size=+1>en taattaakku oTambu sariyillaame irukradaale naan {\d d}aak{\d t}are varavazekka pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to get the doctor since my grandfather's health is not good.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe @(rb intr)@)</font> 3 intr <br> be available; be obtained<br> <br> <font size=+1>kashTappaTTu ozeccaa adukkuNTaana palan niccayam keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you work hard you'll be sure to get the benefit out of it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTaa)</font> 2c tr <br> see bring and fetch<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii pooyyi enakku oru saappaaTu vaangikkiTTu vareyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Go get me some food, will you?</font><br> 1) (puri) 2b 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTilpooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> entice, decoy, make oblique approaches, make a pass at; angle for, lure, tease out<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vahe miine puTikka aattule muppadu peeru vale viisi tuuNTil pooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>in order to get that variety of fish, thirty people had to cast their nets on the water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(same)</font> 6b tr <br> cook; prepare, as a dinner, lunch, etc.<br> ! .<br> <font size=+1>maNi aaccu, saappaaTu samekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>It's time to get dinner ready.</font><br> 1) (tinnu) 5c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b intr + dat <br> receive, as a letter, a present, etc.; be obtained, as information, a loan, a profit, etc.; be given, as a punishment, an imprisonment, etc.; acquire or be bought, as a book, a shirt, etc.; be availab<br> <br> <font size=+1>vari paakki irukkuNNu arasu toreyileerundu enakku kaTidam keTeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I got a letter from the government, saying I owed more taxes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(maTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> corner s.o., as with an argument, an accusation, etc.; silence or puzzle by argument, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>nii enne maTakkiTTe; enkiTTe badil oNNum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>Well, you got me on that one; I don't have an answer.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 2a tr <br> receive, as a punishment, a term of imprisonment; obtain, as a profit or gain; reach or arrive at, as a place<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avan senja kuttattukku pattu varusamdaan daNTane aTenjaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>He got 10 years for that crime, that's all!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa @nc intr@)</font> 4 intr <br> receive, as a present, a telegram, a punishment, etc.; obtain, as a profit, gains, salary, etc.; acquire, as information, knowledge, etc.; bear or give birth to, as a child<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan neettu veLinaaTTilirundu tandi vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He got a telegram from overseas yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> buy; acquire by paying a price<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ide muur maarkeTTule vaangineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got it in Moore Market</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(puri)</font> 2 intr <br> understand; comprehend<br> d <br> <font size=+1>enakku adu puriyaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't get it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangikkiTTu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> buy s.t. for s.o.; buy and bring; procure<br> , ?<br> <font size=+1>nii kaTekki poorappoo enakku vaazeppazam vaangikkiTTu vaa, sariyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>When you go to market, get me some bananas, okay?</font><br> 1) (eTuttukiTTu vaa) 2ct<br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> catch or be afflicted with, as a cold<br> j <br> <font size=+1>mazaiyile niiNTa naTekki appram enakku jaladoosham puTiccadudaan miccam</font><br> <font size=+1>All I got out of that long walk in the rain was a miserable cold</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) </B> <font size=+1>(biiTi)</font> 6 tr <br> (of illness) afflict; cause to suffer from<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiiralle enakku kiruminaasini bii{\d d}icciiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>I got an infection from the cut</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(15) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2c tr 3pn + dat. <br> be afflicted with, come down with, catch, as any illness except cold<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onakku eppiTaiTis eppaTi vanduccu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How did you get hepatitis?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(16) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be cornered or pinned down; be silenced or puzzled<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga avane kuuNTile koobappaTa veccudaan maaTTikka veccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>The way we finally got him was by making him angry on the stand</font><br> 1) (vaangi taa) 2ct<br> </ul> <ul><B>(17) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of words, sounds, etc.) fall on o's ears; be audible, comprehensible<br> . .<br> <font size=+1>niinga sonnadu enakku keekkale. konjam sattamaa sollunga.</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't quite get what you said. Would you say it louder?</font><br> 1) (tayaari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(18) </B> <font size=+1>(puri)</font> 2b tr 3pn + dat <br> be understood or comprehended<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar edeppatti peesuraaruNNu enakku puriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't get what he was talking about</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get (around) to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neeram keTe)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> have the time or find time, as for s.t. or doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku neeram keTeccaa naa ide naaLekki seyveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll get around to it tomorrow, if I have time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get (angry)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 1 intr <br> experience strong emotions<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan romba koobamaTenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He got very angry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get (away, out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippooyTu)</font> 4 intr <br> vanish; give the slip; sneak away; (play) truant (or hookey) from, skip, avoid, shirk; goof off, cut; get a move on, take off<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nii siikkaram ingeendu ooTippooyTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>You get out of here quick!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get (down) to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarpu koo)</font> 1 intr <br> communicate; get in touch, as with s.o.; get back to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTu ennaale saayantram varekkum toTarpu koLLa muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't get to him until late in the evening</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2ci <br> come to take up; begin or start, as work, business, etc.; get down to brass tacks<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama ippa vishayattukku varuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's get (down) to business now.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get (hold of)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> buy or get hold of; capture or seize<br> <br> <font size=+1>pandu kai nazuviccu aanaa naan ade puTicciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I almost dropped the ball, but then I got hold of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get (o.s.) out (or away from s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get lost, go, take o.s. away; get moving<br> <br> <font size=+1>siikramaa inda eTatte viTTu pooyiTuNNu ennooTa freNTu sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend said "get (the hell) out of here fast."</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get (s.o.) started</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaramikka vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> make s.t. move; cause to move or creep; cause to walk<br> <br> <font size=+1>en reNTu vayasileeyee ennooTa ammaa enne naTakka aarmikka vaccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother got me started walking when I was just 2 years old</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poo @(N intr)@)</font> 5 intr <br> have the power to go to; reach; go<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onakku sennekki pooradukku kaiyile paNam irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you have enough money to get to Madras?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get a glimpse, sight of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNule paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> catch sight of; come into o's sight or vision; be visible<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaal naTcattiram en kaNNule paTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I got a glimpse of the comet.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get a glimpse/sight of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tarshan pera paaru)</font> 6 trr <br> catch sight of<br> , .<br> <font size=+1>piradamarin darshane pera paattu, aNivahuppu poohum viidikku naan pooneen.</font><br> <font size=+1>I went to the parade route to try to get a glimpse of the President</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get a haircut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi veTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cut o's hair; have o's hair cut<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaTesiyle muTi veTTikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He finally managed to get his haircut</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get a load of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkoo)</font> 6 tr <br> see, behold; look at; watch attentively; catch sight of, notice, note, perceive, discern, detect, espy, behold, watch, view, spot, witness; (inf.) take a gander at<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kudireyooTa ooTTatte nallaa paattukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Get a load of the way that horse can gallop!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payaNam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> travel; go to places (e.g. as a tourist)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar ippavum payaNam senjikra aLavukku aarookkiyamaa irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's still healthy enough to get about and around and do some traveling</font><br> 1) (ale) 2a intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTamaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move about, as after an illness; be up and about<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku romba vayasaayirundalum angum ingum naTamaaTuraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's very old, but she still gets about.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get about/around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkiTTu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be on the move; travel; go to places; move about<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukku vayadaakiyirundaalum ooraLavukku suttikkiTTu irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He gets around quite a bit, despite his age</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get about/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> spread, as news, rumor, etc.; become known or get around<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru tiraippaTa naTikeyooTa toTarbu veccirundaangra sedi engeyum paraviyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It began to get out that he had an affair with a film star</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get above o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(timir piTicciru)</font> 7 intr + dat <br> be too haughty or arrogant, as of o's learning, wealth, etc.; get or have a swelled head; get too big for o's britches<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan romba puhaz aTenjadaale ippa avanukku romba timir puTiccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He is so famous, he now is getting above himself</font><br> 1) (karvappaTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (oyarvaa eNNikkoo ~(sh intr)~) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get accustomed to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahikkoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> become used to, as getting up early, taking exercises regularly, etc.; cultivate or learn, as to play, to read, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyile siikkiramaa ezundu, kuLumeyaa irukkira neerattile uTal payirci seyya nii pazahikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to get accustomed to getting up early and exercising when it's cool</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get across</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to cross, as a river, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTahooTTu ungaLe aatte kaTakkac seyvaar. aanaa niinga avarukku konjam takshanai koTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The ferryman will get you across the river but you'll have to tip him.</font><br> 1) (veLangu) 3 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puriyavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make comprehensible or understandable<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan evvaLavu moyarci senjum en eNNatte veLippaTutti puriyavekk'a muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried, but I couldn't get my point across and make myself understood</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause s.t. to be understood<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavanga veLakki solla muTiyaadade purinjikka seyradule avar periya aaLu</font><br> <font size=+1>He is good at getting something across that others simply can't explain</font><br> 1) (veLanga seyyi ~(nb tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTa)</font> 7 intr <br> go across; cross, as a street, a stream, etc.; pass from one side to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaRu rombavum parandu irundadaale ade naanga eppaTi kaTakka pooroomuNu enakku appoo teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The river was so broad I didn't know how we were going to get across it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> pursue; chase; follow closely; go after<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanga eerkanavee pooyiTTaanga. adanaale nii avangaLe toratti piTiccu paNam kaTTavekk'aNum</font><br> <font size=+1>They've already left, so you'll have to get after them and make them pay</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get ahead</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meeleepoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go up, move further up, ascend, climb higher<br> .<br> <font size=+1>vaazkkeyile ellaarum eppavum meelepooha muyarci seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>A person should always try to make an effort to get ahead in life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mundikkiTTupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> overtake; outdo; surpass; get ahead of<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii avane mundikkiTTu pooy avanooTa saadaneye muriyaTikka muyarci seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to get ahead of him and try to best his record</font><br> 1) (mundu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veTri aTe)</font> 2i <br> be successful; achieve success; succeed<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii kashTappaTTu moyarci senjaa unnooTa vaazkeyile veTri aTeyve</font><br> <font size=+1>If you try hard enough, you'll get ahead and succeed in life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(munneeru)</font> 3 intr <br> make progress; progress or advance, as in business, studies, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii nalla paTTappaTipile seendirukradunaale nii vaazkkaiyile munneeruveeNNu naan edirpaakkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I hope you'll get ahead now that you're in a good graduate program</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get ahead (of)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundu)</font> 3 tr <br> be prior or earlier in time, place, etc.; be old or ancient; surpass, excell; beat in competition<br> <br> <font size=+1>basse puTikka ellaareyum mundikiTTu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got ahead of everyone and caught the bus.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get along</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((pooyTTu) vaa)</font> 2ci <br> leave; move, go away, depart<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naan (pooyTTu) varaTTumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>I must be getting along now.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ottuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of people and activities) get on; go on or along; advance<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar ellaarkiTTeyum nallaa ottuppooradaale avar vaazkkeyile nallaa munneeruraar</font><br> <font size=+1>He gets along with people and gets ahead as a result</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keLambu)</font> 3 intr <br> leave; set out; start leaving; run along<br> . <br> <font size=+1>neeramaayiTucci. nii keLambu</font><br> <font size=+1>You'd better get along now; it's getting late</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr, intr <br> manage; continue to survive or fare; get on<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan ippoo samaaLicciTTu irukkeen. aanaa appaTi oNNum piramaadamaa ille</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm getting along now, but it's not great</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nallaa naTa)</font> 7i <br> (of activities) go on, go along; go well; get on<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ellaa nallaa naTakkudaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>How are you getting along?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get along (in years)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vayasaahi poo)</font> 3b intr 3pn + dat <br> get old; age<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukku vayasaahikkiTTirukkradaala avar ooyvuperum kaalam siikkiramee vanduTum</font><br> <font size=+1>He's getting along in years, so it'll soon be time for him to retire</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get angry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koobiccukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be or become angry<br> <br> <font size=+1>enneyee taangikkamuTiyaame avankiTTe koobiccukkiTTu tiTTiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't help it, I got angry with him and just blew it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> tackle successfully, as a problem, a difficulty, etc.; deal with or get the better of<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda piraccaneye samaaLikka naanga pudusaa oruttare veelekki seettukkiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We finally got around the problem by hiring a new person</font><br> 1) (tiiru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiccu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> escape or get away, as from a difficulty, etc., by being clever, intelligent, shrewd, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avane maaTTiviTa naanga muyarci senjoom. aanaa avan eppaTiyoo tappiccikkiTTu pooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>We tried to trap him, but he got around it and got away by some devious means</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> reach or touch<br> , <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu muyarci senjum, ennaale ade eTRa aLavukku pakkattile pooha muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to reach it, but I just couldn't get close enough to get at it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTu puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> discover; find out; approach<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda amaippule engeyoo tappu irukku. ide muzusumaa niruttinaadaan adu ennaNNu kaNTupuTikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a bug somewhere in the system, but we can't get at it unless we shut the whole thing down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kariccukkoTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> nag; worry; find fault with; keep saying unkind things about<br> ? !<br> <font size=+1>avane nii een eppavum kariccukkiTTu irukkee? avanee vuTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you trying to get at him all the time? Leave him alone!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungu)</font> 3 tr <br> approach s.o. with the goal of getting some benefit; succeed in reaching, influencing s.o. (as with bribes, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare eppaTiyaaccum nerungi avar namma tiTTattukku nidi odavi aLippaaraaNNu terinjikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to get at him somehow to see if he'll fund our project</font><br> 1) (toTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (kiTTa poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> mean; imply; hint at<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii enna solre?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you getting at?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTu puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> discover; find out; approach<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda ?? engoo pizai irukktu. ?? niruttinaa ade kaNTu piTikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a bug somewhere in the system, but we can't get at it unless we shut the whole thing down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> escape, as from a prison, or from being caught; flee successfully; get away with<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiyavanga bassukku aTiyile oLinjikkiTTu engakiTTeerundu tappiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The bad guys managed to get away from us by hiding under that bus</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (tappiccikkoo) 4 intr<br> 2) b (kambi niiTTu) 3 tr<br> 3) (tappi ooTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get away/off, get going</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLambu)</font> 3 intr <br> leave; set out; start, as on a trip, or after a good-bye<br> . <br> <font size=+1>engaLukku taamadamaahikkiTTee irundudu. aanaal kaTesiyile sumaar muuNu maNikku keLambi poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We kept getting delayed, but finally we got away around 3:00</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaippaTru)</font> 3 tr <br> obtain or take for o.s., take possession of, confiscate, usurp<br> <br> <font size=+1>taan ezanda poruLe ennooTa naNban marubaTiyum kaippaTrunadu romba sandooshappaTa veeNTiya vishayam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's wonderful that my friend got his lost property back</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbi vaa)</font> 2ci <br> return; come back, as from a trip, a visit, a call, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii {\d t}ookkiyoovuleerundu eppa tirumbi vande?</font><br> <font size=+1>When did you get back from Tokyo?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba vaangu @N tr@)</font> 4 tr <br> obtain again; recover; or regain, as a job, a book, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niiNTa vimaana payaNattukku apram avan paNatte tirumba vaangikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He got the money back after a long fight</font><br> 1) (tirumba keTe) 6b intr + dat<br> 2) (tirumbu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get back at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vanjam tiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> get revenge on s.o.<br> , . <br> <font size=+1>nii jeyicciTTadaa neneccukkiTTirukkalaam, aanaa nii kaattirundu paaru. naan unne vanjam tiirttukkuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>You may think you've won, but I'll get back at you, just you wait and see!</font><br> 1) (pazi vaangu) 3 tr<br> 2) (tiruppi taa) 2c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppikkoTu)</font> 6 tr <br> return, as an insult, a blow, etc.; pay back; have o's revenge<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda avamadippukku, naan unakku kaNTippaa tiruppi koTukkattaan pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will get back at you for this insult</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get behind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadari)</font> 6b intr <br> support s.o., fall in line with s.o., stand behind s.o.<br> , j <br> <font size=+1>namakku piTikkudoo illeyoo, inda vishayattile naama janaadibadiye aadarikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to get behind the President on this issue, whether we like it or not</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(baakki vacciru)</font> 7 tr <br> lag behind, as in completing work, making payments, etc.; have arrears, as of work or payments<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaasu kaTTaame baakki veccirundadaale naan avanukku odavaveeNTiyadaacci</font><br> <font size=+1>He got behind in the payments, and I had to bail him out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get behind (cf. fall behind)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(baakki nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> fall behind; be in arrears, be late with work, obligations, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan veeleyile baakki niNNuTTudu. ade eppaTi muTikraduNNu teriyaame irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He got behind in his work and doesn't know how to catch up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get better</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeru)</font> 3pn + dat <br> (of sick people) be or become better, improve the health<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa oTalnele rombavum moocamaa irundicci. aanaa ippoo teeriTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>His health was really bad, but now he's gotten better</font><br> 1) (teevale) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paravaayille)</font> neg only; 3 pn + dat <br> (of illness) be or become better<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu romba moosamaa irundudu. aanaa ippoo konjam paravaayille</font><br> <font size=+1>It was pretty awful, but now it's gotten a bit better</font><br> 1) (teevale) neg only; 3 pn + dat<br> 2) (paravaa ille) neg only; 3 pn + dat<br> 3) (guNam teri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get by</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> pass; go past<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii mattavangaLe taaNTi pooradu illaama romba nallaa seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to do more than just get by; you need to surpass the others</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pozeppu naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> manage to live, survive or exist<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTekkira konjam ooyvuudiyattule ava eedoo pozeppu naTatturaa</font><br> <font size=+1>With her small pension, she just manages to get by.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> be all right, but not good; pass muster; be just satisfactory<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan eedoo samaaLiccikkiTTirukkaan. appaTi oNNum pramaadam ille</font><br> <font size=+1>He gets by; it's not great, but it's okay</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get clear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> clear up, become clear, as the sky, complexion, etc.; become comprehensible<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama ellaarum purinjikradukkaaha idule naama teLivaTeyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to get clear on this, so we all understand</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get close</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungu)</font> 3 intr <br> get near, as a place, etc.; be crowded or compressed, as people in a room, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naama ippoo senneyileerundu eerakoreya ambadu mayil tuurattule irukkoom. adanaale naama senneye nerungikiTTu irukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We're about 50 miles from Chennai now, so we're getting close</font><br> 1) (aTe) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get discouraged</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam taLar)</font> 2 intr <br> get disspirited; lose heart; feel depressed, down in the dumps<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda taTaiyaale nii manam taLarakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't let yourself get discouraged by this setback</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get done with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> finish; get s.t. over<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama ide muTiccuTTu idukku ooyvu koTukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's get done with this, and put it to rest</font><br> 1) (muTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get drunk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTicci mayangu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> get intoxicated with drink; become unconscious by drinking<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan neettu rattiri kuTiccu mayangi irundadaale pooliiskaaranga puTicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He got drunk again last night, and was stopped by the police</font><br> 1) (pooTTu keTa) 7i<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get hold of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b tr <br> find or obtain, as a rare book, etc.; seize or grasp, as a ball, a thief, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enakku feebriishiyas aharaadi eppaTi keTekk'um?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can I get a hold of a copy of Fabricius' dictionary?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varavaze)</font> 6b tr <br> obtain, as supplies; have got in; keep s.t. on hand; keep a supply of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aluvalahattule accukku taaL varavazekk'aNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to get in a supply of paper for the printers in the office</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get in front</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundu)</font> 3 intr <br> overtake; rush in; pass, get past, go past, go by, overhaul, leave behind, outdistance, outstrip, go faster than; get ahead of the pack<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kuuTTatte mundikkiTTu pooradu muTiyaada kaariyam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is impossible to overtake this crowd and get in front of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get in the way (of)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTukkaTTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> block; impede; slow or halt progress by causing an obstruction; act as a bottleneck<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa soombeerittanam avanooTa veTrikki muTTukkaTTeyaa irunduccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His laziness got in the way of his success.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerikkoo @(sh intr )@)</font> 1 intr <br> enter or go inside, as a car, a truck, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vandu vaNTiyile eerikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Come on, get into the car</font><br> 1) (noze) 6bi<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eettikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to enter, as a car, etc.; give a lift, as in a car, on a scooter, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare kaarule eettikkiTTu pooyi hooTalle erakkuneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got him into the car and then delivered him to the hotel</font><br> 1) (eeru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(noze)</font> 2b intr <br> insert, as feet into shoes, etc.<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>unnooTa paadatte seruppukkuLLe nozekk'a muTiyudaa? adu romba sinnadaa irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you get your feet into these shoes, or are they too small?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get it</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangi kaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get rebuked, scolded, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan unkiTTe appaTi seyyaadeeNNu sonneen. ippoo nii vaangi kaTTikka poore</font><br> <font size=+1>I told you not to do that, and now you're gonna get it!</font><br> 1) (taNTane aTe) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get located</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tangikkoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> rent a room in a hotel or house; get established in a place<br> <br> <font size=+1>sikkaagoovukku poona oTanee ruum eTuttu tangkikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as you get to Chicago, find a room and get yourself located</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get loose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazaNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become loose; slip off, as a wheel, a screw, etc.; be undone, as a nut, etc.; have a screw loose (fig.); be crazy; be nutty;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga male eerikkiTTu irukkurappoo oru sakkaram kazaNTu poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>As they were going up the mountain, one of the wheels got loose</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get married</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalyaaNam senjukkoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> marry<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avunga eppa kalyaaNam senjikka pooraanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>When are they going to get married?</font><br> 1) (kalyaaNam paNNikkoo) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get near</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungu)</font> 3 intr <br> get close, as to a place, goal, etc.; approach or come near, as the vacation, the appointed hour, a festival, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>indooneesiyaavule accengra eTatte nerunginappoo engaLaale sunamiyooTe seedatte paakka muTinjicci</font><br> <font size=+1>When we got near Aceh in Indonesia, we could see the Tsunami devastation</font><br> 1) (kiTTa vaa) 2bi&t<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> alight, disembark; get down from a horse, train, car, plane, etc.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>unga ammaa ippadaan vaNTiyileerundu erangi viiTTukku poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Your mother got off the bus and went home just now.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nahandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move away, as from the lawn, the middle of the road, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi varappoo nii nahandu pooyiTu illeNNaa onakku aTi paTTaalum paTTuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>When a car comes, you better get off the road or you might get hit</font><br> 1) (anuppu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuungi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> sleep; fall asleep<br> <br> <font size=+1>naLLiravu taaNTuna appurandaan naan tuungi pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>It wasn't until after midnight that I finally got off to sleep</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veele muTi)</font> 2b tr <br> complete or leave work<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan neettu raattiri eppa veeleye muTicciTTu poonaan?</font><br> <font size=+1>When did he get off work that night?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(porappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> leave or start, as on a journey, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii eezare maNikki porappaTaNumNaa, aaru maNikkuLLe eendirikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You'd better get up by 6 if you want to get off by 7:30</font><br> 1) (kiize erangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> leave, get down, as from a train, a plane, etc.; dismount, as from a horse<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii tiruccikki poonadum rayilleerundu erangi tiruveentira eksprasukku maarikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>When you get to Trichy, get off the train and change to the Trivandrum Express</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiccu koo@(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get away; get off (with); escape, as with mild or no punishment, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan solabamaa tappiccikkiTTaangradu enakku aaccariyamaa irukku.</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm surprised he got off so lightly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> send; post; mail, as a letter, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTidatte innekkee anuppa veeNum. adanaale nii ippovee ancal neleyattuku eTuttuTTu poo</font><br> <font size=+1>I want this letter to get off today, so please take it directly to the post office</font><br> 1) (keLambu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiccu koLLa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to escape, as without punishment, with only a warning, etc.; cause to help to get away<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa vakkiil avanei ezimeyaana taNTaneyooTa tappiccu koLLa veccaar. aanaa adukku romba selavaacci</font><br> <font size=+1>His lawyer managed to get him off with a light sentence, but it cost him a pretty penny</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get off (to a good start)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazaha toTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> begin to move or start a relationship, as with s.o.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naanga poona vaaramtaa sandiccoom. aanaal mutaliliruntee nallaa pazaha toTanginoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We only met last week, but we got off well right from the start</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get old</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vayadaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (of people) grow old; age; get along in years<br> . <br> <font size=+1>unga kacci talevarukku romba vayasaacci. adanaale veeru oruttare teendu eTukkradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>the leader of your party is getting old, so it might be a good idea for you to start thinking about finding a new one</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vayadaahu)</font> 3b intr 3pn + dat <br> grow old; reach a particular age<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukku vayasaacci</font><br> <font size=+1>He's getting on in age.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eerikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> mount, as a horse, a bicycle, a scooter, etc.; enter a train, etc.; get into, as a car,<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTuttadaa varum rayilil eerikkiTTu mattiya rayil nileyamvare poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Get on the next train that comes and take it as far as Central Station</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get on (towards, to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aahappoo)</font> 3b intr 3pn + dat <br> be nearly a particular time; approach a certain time<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattyaanam aahapoovudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's getting on towards noon.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungu)</font> 3 tr <br> approach or move close to, as an age, a time, a place, a goal, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu kaTTidattuku veeNTiya oru milliyan Taalar nidiye tiraTTum nookkatte naanga nerungikiTTu irukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We're getting on towards the goal of raising a million dollars for the new building</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get on o's nerves</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcal uuTTu)</font> 3 trr <br> make annoyed or irritated; make bad-tempered<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maatiri sattamaana ice enakku ericcale uuTTum</font><br> <font size=+1>That kind of loud music just gets on my nerves</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get on to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarpu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> contact; get in touch, as with s.o.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>raamane toTarpu koNTu naan keeTTa ?? pera muTiyumaaNu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>See if you can get on to Raman and get the data I asked for</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get on to s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terinju koo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> learn, by chance or otherwise; come to know, as a secret, an identity, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan muukke nozekkale. aanaa ava ade sonna vidam naan eedoo mukkiyamaana vishayatte terinjikiTTaadaa enakku puriyaveccuci</font><br> <font size=+1>I wasn't prying, but the way she said it made me realize I had gotten on to something important</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get on with s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2ci <br> come, as to talk about s.o. or s.t. or do s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>vishayattukku vaa!</font><br> <font size=+1>Get on with it, come to the point!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleye paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> continue the work (that has been interrupted); continue o's work (after an interruption).<br> , . <br> <font size=+1>sari, naan pooyyi senjikkiTTu irunda veeleye paakkaNum. ungiTTe apurama peecureen</font><br> <font size=+1>Okay, I need to get on with what I was doing, so I'll talk to you later</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get one's hands on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take s.t. for o.s.; appropriate, as money; seize, as a piece of land, territory, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en nelattle kaal baahatte avan eTuttukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He got his hands on a quarter of my land (farm).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get one's own way</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccabaTi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> behave as one pleases; get s.t. done as one wishes<br> , <br> <font size=+1>eppavum nii neneccapaTiyee naTakkaadu, terinjikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>You can't always get your own way, you know.</font><br> 1) (ishTappaTi naTa) 7i<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be out, as a secret, a prisoner, etc.; come out or leave; be released from<br> , " " <br> <font size=+1>irudiyile, "aaznda toNTe" yin aTeyaaLam veLippaTTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Finally, the identity of "deep throat" has gotten out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?</B> <font size=+1>(viTupuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> escape, as from a responsibility, an addiction, a bad habit, an illness, etc.; be released from<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya keeLvikaL keekkum pazakkatilirundu nii viTupaTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to get out of the habit of asking so many questions</font><br> 1) (tappiccu koo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put products on the market; introduce on the market, as goods, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>poona vaarandaan pudu ?? veLiyiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They got the new model out just last week</font><br> 1) (prasuri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeeru)</font> 3 intr <br> go out, as from a house, etc.; come out or escape, as from a prison, a concert, etc.; retire, as from a job, a profession, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan poona vaarandaa sireyile irundu veLiyeerunaan. aanaa avan ippoo engee irukkaaNu engaLukku teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He got out of prison last week, but we don't know where he is now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bring out or publish, as a daily newspaper, a book, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga idaze tenamum maalai naalu maNikku munnaal veLiyiTa muyarci seyraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They try to get the paper out by 4 p.m. every day</font><br> 1) (soll-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyee vaa)</font> 2ci <br> come out, as from a room, a meeting, etc.; escape, as from a prison; leak out, as a secret<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kuuTTam eppoo muTinji ellaarum eppoo veLiyee varuvaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>When will the meeting be over and everybody get out?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyee poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go out; leave; move out, as from a room, a meeting, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anneku naanga muuNu maNikku paLLikuuTatte viTTu veLiyee poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We got out of school at 3 that day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyle teri)</font> 2b intr <br> (of news, a secret, a fact, etc.) leak out, become known or public; be revealed by chance; become known accidentally<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu veLiyile teriya kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This mustn't get out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get out of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> leave or give up, as a habit, an addiction, etc.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>appaTi neneppade viTTiTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Get out of the habit of thinking in those terms!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> receive some benefit (as money, information) from s.o. or s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>adule enakku enna keTekkum?</font><br> <font size=+1>What do I get out of it? What's in it for me?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: get out of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(?viTuviccu koo)</font> 1t <br> mov'd to syn<br> <font size=+1>I managed to get out of having to do jury duty because I had a conflict</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get out of hand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(?kay maatti poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be out of control; break from control, as a strike, an agitation, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>veeleniruttam amediyaa toTangiyadu. aanaa selappeeru kaNNaaTiye oTaccadum adu kai maatti pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The strike started peacefully, but then it got out of hand when agitators began to smash windows</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get out of s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTi kazi)</font> 6b tr <br> shirk or escape from, as a duty, responsibility, etc.; offer lame excuses<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppoovum avanooTa veeleye seyyaama taTTik kazikkiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He always tries to get out doing his duty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get out of sight</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> disappear; vanish<br> <br> <font size=+1>vimaanam marenju pookiravare naan ade paatuTTu irundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was watching the airplane until it get out of sight</font><br> 1) (mare) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get out of the way</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ? </B> <font size=+1>(?oodungi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> make way for s.o. or s.t. to bet by; let s.o. or s.t. pass by<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? varumboodu nii odungi pookaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to get out of the way when an ambulance comes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get out/abroad</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> get about or spread, as rumor, a story, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan suvis vangiyile paNam pooTTadaa vadandi paravicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The rumor got out that he had put money in Swiss banks</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miiLu)</font> 1 intr <br> recover, as from an illness, a shock, a rebuke, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The 90's are over, and the doc-coms have collapsed; get over it!</font><br> 1) (nalam peru) 1 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTa)</font> 6b intr + dat <br> ?cover or travel, as a particular distance<br> <font size=+1>?We need to get over 500 miles today</font><br> 1) (sariyaa poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (of body, mind, etc.) be or become all right, normal, etc., as after an illness, a shock, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava purushane izanda adircciyile irundu naaLaTevile sariyaakikkiTTu varaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Gradually, she's getting over the shock of losing her husband</font><br> 1) (miiNTuvaa) 2ci<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> get through, manage; handle; deal with, as a difficulty, a crisis, etc.<br> ?? , <br> <font size=+1>engaLukku ?? kongam neeram koTunga, naanga samaaLicciTuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We'll get over it okay, just give us some time to adjust</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eeri kudiccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> climb and jump, as over a wall, a gate, etc.<br> , ??<br> <font size=+1>avane tiruTarkaL turattinaakl, appoo avan suvattin meele eeri kudiccu pooy ??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was being chased by thieves, but he managed to get over the wall and get to safety</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get paid (monthly, annually)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sambaadi)</font> 6b tr <br> earn or make a living; gain, as a profit; earn, as a salary<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>niinga oru maasattule evaLavu sambaadikkriinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>How much do you get a month?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get possession of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTeme peru)</font> 1 intr <br> acquire possession, as of a house, land, etc.; obtain title deed or possession, as of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niidimanrattile niinTa vazakkirku pinnaal anda sotte naanga oTeme perroom</font><br> <font size=+1>After a long court battle, we managed to get possession of the property</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get rid of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cast out; separate from the rest; reject; eliminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puucciye viiTTuleendu eTuttuppooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Get rid of this insect from the house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppuvi)</font> 6 tr <br> get rid of; send off/away; dispatch; ditch; send on a wild goose chase; dispatch a person; avoid having to deal with an unwanted person; dismiss with or without the person's knowledge<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare eppaTiyaavadu anuppuccuTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to get rid of him somehow.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove; do away with; abolish<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda asuttatte eppaTiyaavadu viiTTuleyirundu niikku</font><br> <font size=+1>Get rid of all that rubbish that's in the house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give up or leave, as a bad habit, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda keTTa pazakkatte siikkiramaa viTTuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Get rid of that bad habit as soon as possible</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(erinjuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> throw away, as old, damaged goods, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga avaLooTa viiTTe kaali senjapoo nireya pazeya saamana ella erinjiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>When we emptied out her house, we got rid of a lot of old junk</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get ripe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazu)</font> 6 intr <br> ripen, become very old; come of age<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNNaa, namma vaaze tooTTattule pazam ellaam rompa pazuttirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Brother, the bananas have gotten very ripe in our grove</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get round</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNanga seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> persuade; cause to agree or accept<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare eppaTiyaacci iNanga senji avare veNruTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to get around him somehow, and win him over</font><br> 1) (vasa-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get s.o. off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eranga seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to leave, dismount or alight<br> ! ( )?<br> <font size=+1>naama tareyile irangiyadum avane mudalile vemaanattile irundu iranga sey! (irakkiTu)?</font><br> <font size=+1>Get him off this plane as soon as we land!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get s.o. out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappikka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause or help to escape, as a prisoner, etc.; cause to overcome, as a habit, etc.<br> <font size=+1>check verb</font><br> <font size=+1>We're trying to get him out of the hospital, but they won't release him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get s.o. started</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> urge or spur on; encourage; instigate, as an agitation, a strike, a crime, etc.; rouse, as anger, irritation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaNavardaan enne sirukadenga ezuda tuuNTinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>It's only my husband who got me started writing short stories.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get s.t. by heart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> memorize; commit to memory, as a lesson, etc.; learn by heart<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>ide nii uruvaTi senjikka veeNum. adanaale nii okkaandu ide ippoo manappaaTam senjikkoo!</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to get this by heart, so sit down and memorize it now!</font><br> 1) (uru pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get s.t. made</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNNa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> get done or created<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>inda saTTeye naan baangkkaakkile tecceen. nalla irukaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>I had this shirt made in Bangkok; nice, eh?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get s.t. out of s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varavaze)</font> 6 tr <br> force, as a secret, etc. from s.o.; cause to disclose, as a truth, a secret, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanga avane visaarane senjaanga, aanaa avangaLaale avakiTTe irundu oNNum varavazekka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>They grilled him and grilled him, but they couldn't get anything out of him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get so that</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> develop in a certain way; become (gradually) the case that<br> <font size=+1>It has gotten so that you can't talk to him any more</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get the hang of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become proficient or expert in doing s.t.; get the hang of s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>mudalle avanaale anda saikkile ooTTa muTiyaama taviccaan. aanaa kaTesiyile avanukku adu pazahippooyi ippa ade nallaa ooTTuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>At first he couldn't stay on the bike, but finally he got (the hang of) it, and now he rides well</font><br> 1) (pazahikkoo) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get the upper hand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi oongu)</font> 3 intr 3pn <br> become strong, as in a situation; obtain a winning chance; have an advantage, as over s.o. else<br> .??......<br> <font size=+1>After the invasion, we got the upper hand, and the insurgency stopped</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get there</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTri aTe)</font> 2i <br> arrive somewhere<br> <font size=+1>check verb</font><br> <font size=+1>When you get there, be sure to see the temple</font><br> 1) (pooy seeru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nere veeru)</font> 3 intr <br> get passed, as a law<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? iraNTaavadu suttilum nereveericcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The amendment got through on the second reading</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?</B> <font size=+1>(foonle toTarbu koo?)</font> reach s.o. by telephone; call, ring up<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan neettu avane muuNutaTave kuuppiTTum, ennaale foonle toTarbu koLLa muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I called him three times yesterday but I couldn't get through.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puriya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> get across; make s.t. clear to s.o.; cause s.o. to understand s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa odavi ippoove namakku teeve paTuduNNu avanukku puriya vakka naan muyarci senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to get through to him that we need his help right now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(teera seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to pass, as a test, an examination, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>pariicce moosamaataan irundiccu. aanaa naanga avane adile verrikaramaa teera senjoom</font><br> <font size=+1>The exam was awful, but we got him through it successfully</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> complete, as a piece of work, a course of study, etc.; finish; use up, as money, food, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ade nii eppoo muTikkapoore?</font><br> <font size=+1>When are you going to get through with that piece?</font><br> 1)( ) x ( ) ((teli)foon sey (paNNu)) 2ai (\3i)<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat. <br> receive, as a message, a phone call, a piece of news, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enga veepaaLar veNruTTadaa avaniTamirundu enakku seydi keTeccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He got through to me with the news that our candidate had won</font><br> 1) (paas paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(tee(r)cciperu)</font> 1i <br> pass, as an examination, a test, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>pariccay kaTiNamaa irundicci. naan eppaTiyoo muTicci teercciperreen</font><br> <font size=+1>The exam was hard, but somehow I got through it and passed</font><br> 1) (muTicc-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(nere veettu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to be passed, as a law<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>engaLaale muuNaavadu mureyiledaan ?? nere veetta muTinjiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>We managed to get the amendment through on the third try</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get tired</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 2b intr <br> become afflicted with or succumb to, as tiredness, weariness, fatigue, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maleye eeri naan romba coorvaTenjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got very tried climbing that mountain</font><br> 1) (poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( )</B> <font size=+1>(pooy seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> reach, as a place; go to, as a place<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii indiyaavile irundappoo turuveendiram pooyi irukkiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>When you were in India, did you get to Trivandrum?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vandu seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> arrive, as at a place; come to, as a place<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii tiruccikku vandu seerndadum vemaanam maattikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>When you get to Trichy, change planes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aarambi)</font> 6b intr <br> begin, commence or start, as talking, gossiping, moving, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ade innikki seyya enakku neeram ille. adanaale ade naan naaLekku aarambikkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't have time to get to that today, but I'll try to get to it tomorrow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get to s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadi)</font> 6b tr <br> affect emotionally; have a bad effect upon; influence<br> ?? ?? <br> <font size=+1>anda ?? onga kuzandekaLe paadicca apuro avangaLe ongaLaale ?? seyyamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the ghetto thugs get to your kid, it's too late to influence them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> congregate; meet; have a meeting<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide patti naama kuuTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to get together on this</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sandi)</font> 6b tr <br> meet; congregate; come together; have a meeting<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naama eppoo sandikkalaam?</font><br> <font size=+1>When shall we get together?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTi peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> gather and talk; meet and discuss; confer<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLe pattu maNikku naama ide patti kuuTi peesalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's get together tomorrow at 10 and settle this</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> collect or gather, as an army, a group of friends, etc.; accumulate, as wealth, riches, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>etirtaakkal naTatta nama paTaikaLe naama oNNaa tiraTTa veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to get our forces together to mount a counterattack</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get under (control)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> control; bring under control, as a fire, a leak, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNikkaNakkaa uzeppukku pinnaal avanga tiiye kaTTuppaTuttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They managed to get the fire under control after hours of effort</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring under control or subdue a revolt, an agitation, etc.; control, as o's anger, grief, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>iraakkile naTakkura puraTcikaLe aTakka avanga selakkaalamaa verri illaamale moyarci seyyiraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They've been trying to get things under control in Irak for some time now, but without success</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( )</B> <font size=+1>(ezundu nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> arise; stand up, from a sitting position<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii kaaleyile eppoo ezundu koLvee?</font><br> <font size=+1>When do you get up in the morning?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> ascend; climb; mount up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudiremeele eeriTTu poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Get up on the horse and get going</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ezundu okkaaru)</font> 2 intr <br> sit up; sit up or be able to sit up, as after an illness<br> <br> <font size=+1>muuNu vaarangaLaa paTuttapaTukkeyaa irundiTTu avaraale ippoo ezundu okkaara muTiyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He's able to get up now, after being bedridden for three weeks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ezundiru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) leave the table or eating place after a meal; rise and leave, while others have not finished their meal<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naan ezundirukkalaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>May I get up (and go now)? May I be excused?</font><br> 1) (kuuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to wake up or get out of bed; cause to rise from bed<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avane paTukkeyile irundu eezu maNikku mune ezuppiTu, illenaa avanukku taamadamaakiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Get him up and out of bed by 7, or he'll be late</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(ezu)</font> 2 intr <br> arise; rise from bed; get out of bed; stand<br> !<br> <font size=+1>eza neeramaaccu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Time to get up!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(veesham pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make up or dress, as for playing a part in a play, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naaTahattile suuniyakkaariyaa veesham pooTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was gotten up as a witch for his part in the play</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(varavazeccu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> rouse or kindle, as o's courage, pluck, etc.; summon resource(s)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avariTam oru keeLvi keeTka naan tairiyatte varavazeccukka muyarci senjiTTirundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was trying to get up my courage to ask him a question</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaaTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> prepare or organize, as a party, a show, etc.; make arrangements, as for a dinner, a celebration, etc.<br> ?? ; ?<br> <font size=+1>?? pooha oru kuTTatte eerpaaTu senjikiTTu irukkoom; variyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>We're getting up a group to go to the theater; want to come?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get up (to speed on/with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> gather or increase, as speed, pace, etc.; ratchet up<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda tiTTatte adihappaTutta naanga muyarci senjoom, aanaa nereya taTangaLkaL irundana</font><br> <font size=+1>We're trying to get up to speed with this program, but there have been many delays</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTi)</font> 6b tr <br> study, as a subject; read and prepare, as for a test, an examination, etc.; cram for s.t.<br> ?? ??. <br> <font size=+1>I am very weak in chemistry, so I'm studying like mad to get up to speed for the exam</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get up to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> reach or complete, as a particular page in a book<br> ?? , <br> <font size=+1>naan muuNaavadu ?? vare vandirundeen, aduku apuram enooTa aarvatte iLantuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got up to the third chapter, and then I lost interest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get used to s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottuppoo)</font> 3 intr <br> be friendly to each other<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga reNTu peerum oNNaa ottuppoonaadaan enda veeleyum ozungaa naTakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Once you two get used to each other, we can accomplish anything here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get well</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nallaa aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become well, as after illness<br> <br> <font size=+1>nooyvaayppaTTa pinnaale ava murrilum nallaaa aahale</font><br> <font size=+1>After the illness, she never actually got well again</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get wind of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLvippaTu)</font> 4 intr + ~pa66i~ pat <br> come to know or hear about; learn about, as a secret, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga veelekku aaL eTukkuraangaNu keeLvippaTTadum naan angee viraindu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I got wind of the fact they were hiring, I rushed over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>get wise to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(purinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> understand or learn, as the tricks of a player, etc.; come to know, as the bad character of s.o.; get s.o.'s number<br> .....<br> <font size=+1>Finally I got wise to his tricks.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ghastly, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayangramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be horrible, frightful or terrible; be very bad or terrible, as a mistake, news, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>anda tappu bayangaramaa irunduccu, adukku naan romba varundureen</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a ghastly mistake, and I'm deeply sorry about it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(preeda kaLe viisu)</font> 3 trr <br> radiate the pallor of death or a corpse; look like a corpse; look cadaverous<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kiTmoovilirundu viTudale aTenjapoo avakiTTe preeda kaLe viiciccu</font><br> <font size=+1>He had the ghastly look of a corpse when he was released from Gitmo</font><br> 1) (peey maadiri iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLu)</font> 6 intr <br> turn pale or white, as the face, etc.; become pale with illness, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava veLLeveLeeraa veLuttataale, naanga ava irandiTTaaNu neneccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>She had turned a ghastly white color, and we thought she was dead</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ghost-write</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> write s.t. for s.o. else<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan oru kataaciriyaruNu kuururaan. aanaa anda puttakam veraaroovaale ezudi kuTukkappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He claims to be the author, but the book was actually ghost-written by somebody else</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ghostly, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peey maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> look or appear like a ghost, as objects, etc. in the dark<br> <font size=+1>When I was working with the Romany people, they talked about ghostly figures that came back to haunt them</font><br> 1) (pisaasu maadiri iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ghoulish, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be evocative of death; be morbid; be revolting, unpleasant or disgusting, as an act, a story, a scene, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He has a ghoulish obsession with death and dying</font><br> 1) (asingamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>giant, be (a)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(raaTcashamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of things and animals) be huge, large or immense; be strong, intelligent or able<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>In the new sci-fi movies, there these huge giant figures that dwarf lowly humans</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gibber</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> blabber; talk nonsense; speak foolishly or inarticulately<br> , ?? ; <br> <font size=+1>In one scene, there are creatures that gibber and babble and shriek; you're not supposed to understand them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kriicciTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of monkeys) make raucous sounds; screech<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>kurangukaLum marra ?? rombavum kiriicciTu kattum</font><br> <font size=+1>Monkeys and other apes tend to gibber and screech a lot</font><br> 1) (peettu) 3 intr<br> 2) ~1 ~ (sattam paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paraparappaa peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak very fast or talk hurriedly, as in fear, urgency, etc.; speak too fast to be intelligible<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa moziye maTTum peecuravangaLukku mattavanga paraparappaa peecuradaadaan matta mozihaLellaam keekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>To people who speak only their own language, other languages sound like people are just gibbering and jabbering.</font><br> 1) ~1 ~ (sattam paNNu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(alappu)</font> 3 intr <br> chatter; talk nonsense; speak foolishly<br> <font size=+1>is the verb correct?</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people have nothing to say, so they just gibber and babble</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>giddy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakkam vaa)</font> be dizzy; feel dizzy; be about to swoon with giddiness<br> <br> <font size=+1>pukazperra oruvare sandikkapooreen ennum ennattileyee enakku mayakkam vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I got giddy just at the thought of meeting a famous person</font><br> 1) (suttu) 3 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viLeyaaTTuttanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be frivolous; be fond of amusements, pleasure, etc.; be unserious<br> . ?? <br> <font size=+1>avaL appoo viLeyaaTTuttanamaa irundaa. ippoo maadiri ?? ille</font><br> <font size=+1>She was just a giddy girl then, and not as serious as she is now</font><br> 1) (mayakkamaa iru) 7 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ?</B> <font size=+1>(payakkam taa)</font> 2ctr <br> cause to be dizzy; affect with vertigo<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>Riding on the roller coast made me dizzy and giddy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tale suttu)</font> 3 intr 3pn + dat <br> be dizzy; be affected with vertigo; whirl<br> , <br> <font size=+1>uusi pooTTappram, enakku tale konjam suttunadu</font><br> <font size=+1>After they gave me that shot, I felt a little giddy.</font><br> 1) (kirukiru) 6 intr 3 pn w d<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gift (cf. give)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> donate; present; give away in charity<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avar ooyvuperrapinnaale kaluuri nuulneleyattuku pudu ?? taanam senjaar</font><br> <font size=+1>After he retired he gifted an addition to the college library. (Chiefly Brit.)</font><br> 1) (vehumadi kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gigantic, be (see giant, be )</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(brammaaNTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be huge or immense; be very large;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga anda eTattile brammaaNTamaa irukkum oru kaTTaTatte kaTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They built a gigantic building on that site</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>giggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iLi)</font> 6b intr <br> grin; show the teeth; laugh in a high-pitched or silly way<br> !<br> <font size=+1>romba iLikkaada!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't giggle a lot!</font><br> 1) (siri) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iLi)</font> 6b intr <br> grin; show the teeth; laugh slightly, or in a high-pitched manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naalu poNNungaLum iLiccikkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The four girls are giggling</font><br> 1) (siri) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gild</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meruhu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> add, give a specious attraction to<br> ; .<br> <font size=+1>meruhu pooTaveeNTaam; summaa avar madippu uNmeyaa sollu.</font><br> <font size=+1>There's no need to gild the lily; just state his qualifications honestly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tanga mulaam puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> apply a coating of gold to, through electro-plating; make bright as if with gold<br> <br> <font size=+1>muham paakkum kaNNaaTikkum saTTattukum tanga mulaam puusinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They used to gild mirrors and mirror frames</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gingery, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 6b intr <br> be pungent, spicy or hot<br> , ; <br> <font size=+1>idu oru orekkum kuTipaanam, aanaa rompa inippaa ille; kuLir kalattuku nallaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>It's a gingery kind of drink, but not too sweet; nice for cold weather</font><br> 1) (kaaTTamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gird</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti vaLe)</font> 6 tr <br> surround; encircle; enclose; strengthen, reinforce<br> <font size=+1>check verb</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to gird ourselves for battle, because it's going to be a long one</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varindukaTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> roll (o's clothes) up and thus be ready for action; prepare o.s. for action<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>veeTTiye varindukaTTikkiTTu ?? vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Okay, roll up your sleeves and gird yourselves for action!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gird up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaar paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> prepare for hardship<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorkalattule makkaL kashTattukaakavum varumekkaakavum tangaLeyee tayaar paTuttikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>During wartime, people have to gird up for the period of difficulty, scarcity, and more.</font><br> 1) (tuukki kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>girded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzndiru)</font> 7i <br> be surrounded, encircled or enclosed, as an island by water, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ingilaandu kaTalaale suuzndirukku. adu tiive aayirattu arubatti arile irundu paadukaattu varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Britain is girded by water, which has protected the island since 1066</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>girdle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti kaTTi koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put on or wear a belt; surround s.t. (e.g. a building) with reinforcements<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>anda kaTTiTam ?? surri kaTTik koLLapaTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The building is girdled with stainless steel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>girlish, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sirumi maadiri iru)</font> 7i <br> be like a girl; look like a girl<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vayacu naarpadukaLile irundaalum ava paarkka innum sirumi maadiri irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Even though she's in her 40's, she still has a girlish look</font><br> 1) (sirumikkuriya maadiri iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ii)</font> 2t <br> bestow, as superiors on inferiors; give alms; give in charity; grant; apportion<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga eezekaLukku ella viseesha naLil taanam iindaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They gave alms to the poor on all occasions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> hand, as s.t. to s.o.; bestow, as a gift, etc.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu rattiri avar enkiTTe saaviye kuTuttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He gave me the keys last night</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> present, as a gift, etc.; grant, as permission, approval, etc.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyil nelattule tooNTa avanga avanukku anumadi vazanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They gave him permission to dig in the temple grounds</font><br> 1) (kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> offer; hand; extend the hand<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan unniTam enooTa kaiye naTpile niiTTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I give you my hand in friendship</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(niiLu)</font> 1 intr <br> relax, stretch, under force, pressure, tension, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>c v</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to bend it but it won't give.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(aLi)</font> 6 tr <br> present, as a gift, etc.; grant, as a permission, opportunity, etc.;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa appavooTa nenevaa avan nuulneleyattuku anpaLippu aLittaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gave a gift to the library in memory of his father</font><br> 1) (taa) 2ct<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 2a intr <br> bend, under force, pressure, etc.; give way<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vicaaraneyapoo avanga avane maTakka paataanga, aanaa avan vaLeyale</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried to break him under interrogation, but he wouldn't give</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(ii)</font> 2 tr <br> bestow, as superiors on inferiors; give alms; give in charity; grant; apportion<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga eezengaLukku ellaa viseesha naaLle taanam iindaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They gave alms to the poor on all occasions</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give (a gift)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parisu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> bestow a present or a gift upon; give a present or a gift to<br> -- !<br> <font size=+1>naan paTTam perradum avanga enakku oru arumeyaana parisu koTuttaanga -- oru aharaadi!</font><br> <font size=+1>When I graduated they gave me a wonderful gift--a dictionary!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c intr, tr <br> disclose; divulge, as a secret, etc.; give s.t. away<br> !<br> <font size=+1>paTattuTeya muzu kadeyeyum nii sollaveeNiyadille!</font><br> <font size=+1>You didn't have to give away the whole plot of the movie!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toyyi)</font> 2b intr <br> slacken or loosen under pressure, force, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelanaTukkattapoo suvarellaam toyindupooy vizundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>During the earthquake, the walls gave out and collapsed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give (space)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> yield; concede; tolerate; make some space for<br> <br> <font size=+1>konjam eTam koTuttaa avan talemeele eeri okkaanduppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>If you give him an inch, he'll take a mile.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give a chance (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> have or make room or space for, make adjustments for; make/give a chance or opportunity for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungaLooTu oru mukkiyamaana vishayatte patti peesa enakku konjam eTam kuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please give me a chance to talk with you about an important matter</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give a warning</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eccari)</font> 6b tr <br> warn, caution or advise against; admonish; give a slap on the wrist<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maaNavan mudal mureyaa anda tavare senjadaale taleme aaciriyar avane eccaracci viTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Because this was the first time the student had committed the mistake the principal just gave him a warning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> marry off ( a daughter); present the bride to the bridegroom in marriage<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga inda vaaram oru nalla caTangile avangaLooTa peNNe kaTTi kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They gave away their daughter in a very nice ceremony this week</font><br> 1) (vaari ere) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> betray, as a person; expose, as a secret; reveal unintentionally, as o's ignorance, etc.; give the game away, give the show away<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan ade rakaciyamaa vecciyirukka veeNiyaataa irundadu. aanaa avan ade teriyaattanamaa kaaTTi kuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was supposed to keep it a secret, but he accidentally gave it away</font><br> 1) (kalyaaNam senji kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaari kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> donate liberally; present freely<br> <br> <font size=+1>aarookiya kalvikkaaha avan nereya kaace vaari koTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gave away a lot of money for health education</font><br> 1) (taa) 2ct<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> award, as a present, gift, etc.; present, as a prize, etc.; donate; bestow<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>He was asked to be the person to give away the graduation presents</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(toleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> lose carelessly; let slip, as a chance, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kavanikkaama irundadaale nii verripperum sandarppatte toleccuTTe</font><br> <font size=+1>By not paying attention you gave away your chance to win</font><br> 1) (kaaTTi kuTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> return or restore s.t. to the original possessor<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii ade vecciyirukka kuuTaadaam, adanaale nii ade tirippi kuTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You weren't supposed to have it, so you need to give it back</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give battle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooriTu)</font> 4i <br> engage in battle; go to the mat; play hardball; enter into a conflict, combat, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyile piranccu paTe maruppaTiyum pooriTTadu, aanaa biriTTish paTe avangaLe maruppaTiyum pin turattiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the morning, the French forces again gave battle, but the British beat them back again</font><br> 1) (saNTe pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give birth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give birth; put forth or produce young (of animals)<br> !<br> <font size=+1>enga maaTu neettu kuTTi pooTTuccu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Our cow gave birth yesterday!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give birth to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 4 tr <br> bear an offspring; bring forth, as a child, or young, etc.; bear, as a child<br> <br> <font size=+1>vasandakkaalattuTeya toTakkattuleeye avekaL kuTTi perum</font><br> <font size=+1>They give birth to their young early in the spring</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toottuvi)</font> 6 tr <br> originate; give rise to<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda puraTci toottuvitta iyakkamdaan naaLaTevile oru tani naaTTukku vazivakuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The uprising gave birth to a movement that eventually led to an independent nation</font><br> 1) (pett-eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give birth, bear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(petteTu)</font> 6 tr <br> procreate, bring into the world<br> <br> <font size=+1>kamalaa eezaavadu kozandeye petteTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Kamalaa has given birth to her seventh child</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give ear to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadukuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> listen or attend to; incline o's ear; pay attention to<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanga kurepaTu kururappoo, nii avanga alaTciyam seyyaama kurepaTukku kaatukoTuttu keekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>When they complain, you need to give ear to their complaint, and not just ignore them</font><br> 1) (keeLu) 5b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give forth (cf. give out)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give ground</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinvaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> retreat, as in a battle; yield, as in an argument; withdraw, as from a contest, a battle, a debate, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vaaTTarluuvile piranccu paTe edir taakkudal naTattuccu, aanaa piriTTish paTe pinvaangale</font><br> <font size=+1>The French counterattacked at Waterloo, but the British wouldn't give ground</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> yield; give up; surrender, as territory, etc.; cede<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandeyooTa saNTepooTaame avanukku viTTukkuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't fight with the child--give in to him and let him have his way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTu kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> yield under pressure, persuasion, influence, etc.<br> <font size=+1>same as z1Lnj</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to extort a bribe from me, but I wouldn't give in to his blandishments</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> hand in or hand over, as term papers, exam papers, etc.; submit, as a resignation, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>neeram aahiduccu; idazkaLe koTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Okay folks, time's up; time to give in your papers</font><br> 1) (vaLenji kuTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saraNaTe)</font> 2i <br> surrender; cease to resist and accept defeat<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTeciyile vaaTTarluuvil piranccu paTe caraNaTenju toolviye eerradu eerpadaakiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Finally, the French forces had to give in at Waterloo, and accept defeat</font><br> 1) (taa) 2ct<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give it to (s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> reprimand or punish; give a piece of o's mind or give blows to<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naan avane reNTu (naalu) vaangu vaangineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I gave it to him, and didn't pull any punches.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat; hit s.o. hard; punish physically<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avan mureppaTi sanTe pooTapoovadilleeu paarttadum naan avane nalla aTiccuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I saw that he wasn't going to fight fair, I really gave it to him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> give s.o. hell; scold; reprimand; tell off; let s.o. have it; blow o's stack; go ballistic, go postal<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan cenjirunda kaariyatte paattadum naan avane nalla tiTTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I found out what he had done, I really gave it to him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(solli vayyi)</font> 6b tr, pres tns onl <br> give s.o. a scolding, a talking to<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avanga kiTTe konjam sollivekkaNumee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone had better give it to them!</font><br> 1) (vaangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give o.s. over to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arppaNiccu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> give o.s. up to; devote or dedicate o.s. to<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa kuzandekaLe izantapuram ava ?? veelekku tanneyee arppaNiccu kiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>After the loss of her children, she gave herself over to charitable works</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaru)</font> 3 intr <br> cast an offensive odor; reek<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onnooTa tuNimaNi een ippuTi naarudu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do your clothes give off such a bad smell?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> emit; send out, as a gas, liquid or smell<br> . <br> <font size=+1>eetoo oNNu turnaattam veLiyiTTuTTu irundadu. adanaale naanga kaTTiTatte kaaliseyya veeNTiyayirru</font><br> <font size=+1>Something was giving off a noxious odor, so we had to evacuate the building</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kakku)</font> 3 tr <br> emit, as smoke<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaar niila nera pukeye kakki veLiyeettikkiTTu irundadaale naanga eNNeyei mattinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>The car was giving off clouds of blue smoke, so we changed the oil</font><br> 1) (parappu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give on, onto</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTTukkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> face onto, lead to or towards<br> <font size=+1>The hotel gives onto a golf course, so you have a beautiful view</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give one's word</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakku kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make a promise; pledge<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii yaariTamum colla maTTeeNu vaakku koTuttaa naan unakku oru rahasiyam colveen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you give your word that you won't tell anybody, I'll let you in on the secret.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLappu)</font> 3 tr <br> send out, as noise; emit, as smell, sound, smoke, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda caare cumma toTTaale poodum,ad kiiccaleum eccarikke sattatteyum keLappiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you just so much as touch his car, it gives out shrieks and warning sounds</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLeccuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become exhausted, tired or worn out<br> <br> <font size=+1>raNTu maNi neeram kaippandu veLeyaaTinapuram naan kaLeccuppooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>After two hours of volleyball, I just gave out.</font><br> 1) (aayi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tii(r)ndupoo)</font> 3 intr <br> run out; become exhausted or used up<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>paNam tii(r)ndupooyiTTadaale nammaal puducaa ?? eduvum vazanga muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The money has given out, so we can't award any more contracts</font><br> 1) (veLi-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (tiinduTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make s.t. known publicly; make known; announce; let it be known, reveal<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa kaNakkuvazakkukaL tiruTTu poonade patti irudiyaa avanga tahaval veLiyiTTu irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Finally they gave out the information about the theft of their records</font><br> 1) (sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(viniyoohi)</font> 6b tr <br> distribute; issue; hand out, as questions, papers, money, etc.<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>?? pariTce taalkaLe viniyookittaanga. maaNavanga ezuta toTanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The proctors gave out the tests and the students began to write</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(niNNu vizu)</font> 4 intr <br> stop working; fail, as an engine, etc.; break down, as a car, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>eezu mayil eerinapuram enjin niNNu vizunduviTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>After climbing for seven miles, the engine just gave out, and broke down</font><br> 1) (niNNu poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (asanduTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(solli koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> declare, announce or claim o.s. to be<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava oru puhazperra narikeyaa irundaaNu ava solli koLvaaL</font><br> <font size=+1>She used to give out that she had been a famous actress</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> stop or come to a stop, as the rain<br> <br> <font size=+1>puyal niNNu veyil vandirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Finally, the storm gave over, and the sun came out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTuttu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> leave s.t. into the care of; deliver s.t. for taking care or for safekeeping<br> , ?? <br> <font size=+1>anda veeleye ennaale kaiyaaNTukkiTTu irukkamuTiyaale, adanaale naan ade oru ?? koTuttu vatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't keep on handling that job, so I gave it over to an assistant to manage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6 tr <br> put into the care of; deliver s.o. or s.t. to s.o.'s care; hand over or transfer<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>paNNeyin ?? naan enooTa tangaccikiTTeeyum avaLooT purushsakiTTeeyum oppaTetuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I gave over management of the farm to my sister and her husband</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give over to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be completely interested, absorbed or engrossed in s.t.; devote to s.t.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avan ippoo ?? iiTupaTTu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has given himself over to charitable activities now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muuzkiviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> indulge in; immerse o.s., as in a hobby, grief, etc.; devote o.s. to a hobby, an activity, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava sookattile muuzkiviTTu, mattadu edilum iiTupaaTillaama irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She has given herself over to abject grief, and isn't doing much else</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give pause</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sindikkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to muse or think over; cause to rethink or reconsider basic things<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paTicca puttaham enne nereya sindikka vaccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The book I read gave me pause, and made me think things over a lot.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give permission</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anumadi)</font> 6b tr <br> permit, let; sanction, allow<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda cinna uurule kuuTa paLLikuuTam kaTTa arasu anumadi kuTuttirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has given permission for a school to be built, even in this small village</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give place to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 6i <br> make room for; allow to supersede or to follow<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadattukku aLikkum kavanattuTan naama amedi paTippukum eTamkoTukka veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to give place to peace studies along with the attention to terrorism</font><br> 1) (viTTu kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give rise to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to arise, bring into existence; make s.t. happen; be the cause of s.t.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>The porous borders have given rise to a lot of new insurgent actions</font><br> 1) (kaaraNamaa-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be the cause or source of; be the reason for<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>idu nereya pudu ?? siikkiramaa paravava kaaraNamaakudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This gives rise to a lot of new viruses being spread rapidly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to appear; cause to come into existence; effect<br> , ?? <br> <font size=+1>koozihaL, panrikaL marrum makkaL arukarukil vaazvatu putu vakaiyaana ?? uNTaakki irukiratu</font><br> <font size=+1>The close proximity of chickens, pigs and humans in those countries has given rise to new strains of avian flu</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give s.o. a hand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaikuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> lend a hand; help; extend assistance or support<br> <font size=+1>If we could give a hand to the people of less fortunate areas, we might eliminate some problems</font><br> 1) (odavu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give s.o. his head</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viruppam poola naTakka viTu)</font> 4t <br> permit or allow s.o. to do as he or she likes<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudire pandiyatile kudireye viruppam poola naTakka viTTu adu nallaa seyrade seyyaviTuvade patti peecuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In horse racing, they often speak of giving the horse his head, and letting him just do what he does best</font><br> 1) (avuttu viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give s.t. over to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set s.t. apart for a specific purpose, use, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>maruttuvamaNeyin inda pakudiye aaraaycci seyvadukkaaha naanga odukki vaccirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have given this part of the hospital over to research</font><br> 1) (arppaNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop or put an end to doing s.t.<br> ?? ; <br> <font size=+1>naam inda ?? nirutta veeNum; idu veele seyyiratille</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to give up on this program; it's not working</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> abandon or desert s.o.; cease doing, as a habit, etc.<br> -- <br> <font size=+1>nii puhepiTikkiradeai kaiviTa veeNum -- adu unooTa uTal nalatte padikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to give up smoking--it's having an effect on your health</font><br> 1) (urimeye kaiviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> abandon (as a habit, etc.); get rid of; discard; relinquish; stop doing s.t.; desist from, as a bad habit, etc.; quit or discontinue, as o's studies, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>cigareT piTikkrade naan viTTuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I gave up smoking cigarettes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tyaaham seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> sacrifice; donate, relinquish, abnegate<br> . <br> <font size=+1>Taa.azahappa ceTTiyaar tannooTa sottil perummazave paTippukkaaha tyaaham senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Dr.Alagappa Chettiar gave up lot of his wealth for the development of educational facilities</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(saraNaTe)</font> 6 intr <br> surrender or offer (o.s.) as a prisoner (to the police, the enemy, etc.)<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanga cadaam uceene kaNTuppiccapoo, avan amediyaa saraNaTanjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When they finally found Saddam Hussein, he gave up without a fight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(nambikke izu)</font> 7t <br> lose hope (that s.o. will recover from illness, that s.t. will happen as expected, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ava kunamaahuvaaL enra nambikke izandapoo ava kaN viziccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>I had about given up hope that she would recover, when she opened her eyes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6 tr <br> give s.o. over to; offer s.o. as a prisoner to<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>kozandekaLe viTudale senjaa, avan tanneyee ?? oppaTeppeeNu ottukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He offered to give himself up as a hostage, if the children could be freed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> renounce, as a habit, etc.; abandon, as a friend, a course of study, etc.; relinquish, as a claim, an idea, etc.; declare s.o. incurable; surrender, as a fort, a city, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>ainsTain irudiyile onruppaTTa ?? kaNTuppiTikkum tiTTatte kaiviTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Einstein finally gave up the idea of finding a unified theory</font><br> 1) (urimeye kaiviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(aaLe viTu)</font> 4 tr only + 1st pers <br> (idiom.) expressing inability to guess a joke, a mystery, a riddle, etc.<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>aaLe viTu! enakku badil teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I give up! I don't know the answer.</font><br> 1) (nirutt-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give up on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleye muzuhiTu)</font> 4tr <br> give up on s.o. completely; consider s.o. as dead or no longer a family member; wash o's hands of<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan avane taleye muzuhiTTeen. avan paTippe muTippaangra edirppaarppu enakkille</font><br> <font size=+1>I have given up on him, and don't expected him to finish his studies</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaikkazuvi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> have no further hope for; stop giving instruction, advice, medical care, etc. to s.o. seen to be a hopeless case (note: not as strong as ?? <br> , <br> <font size=+1>yaaraavadu muuLeseyale irandu viTTadaa kaNTariyappaTTaal, TaakTarunga avangaLe kaikkazuvi viTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When people are diagnosed as brain dead, the doctors simply give up on them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give vent to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give utterance or expression to; express s.t. previously unsaid; ventilate<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He gave vent to a lot of bad feelings he'd been holding back</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>give way</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b intr <br> cave in, as a roof, a bridge, etc.<br> , , <br> <font size=+1>pudiya vimaana nelayam iTinju, oru paalam vizundu, aaru peeru settuTTaanga </font><br> <font size=+1>The new airport terminal gave way, a bridge collapsed, and 6 people died</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTi)</font> 6b intr <br> break, as branches of a tree, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>marangaL kaNiyaal muttu irukkirappoo selasamayam keLekaL adan kanattaale oTenjiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>When the trees are full of fruit, the branches sometimes give way under the weight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aru)</font> 6 intr <br> break, as a rope, a thread, a wire, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>nii panji kudikkarapoo kayru arukkaama irukkaNuuNNu nii nampuvaay</font><br> <font size=+1>When you do bungee jumping, you hope that the rope won't give way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaziviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make way; allow s.o. to pass by; yield, as when driving a car, etc.<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>aampulans varuvatarkku eerpaTTaal marra vaNTikaL vaziviTa veeNTum</font><br> <font size=+1>When an ambulance needs to come through, other traffic needs to give way</font><br> 1) (eTam taa) 2ci<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (odungikkoo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 6i <br> surrender o.s., as to despair, etc.; allow o.s. to be overcome, as by a feeling<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii sookattuku eTam kuTukka kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You must not allow yourself to give way to despair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(pinvaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> give ground; retreat, as from a battle<br> j <br> <font size=+1>sTaalinkiraaTile jermani paTe pinvaanga paTuttappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Germans were forced to give way at Stalingrad</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe)</font> 6b intr <br> break, as a wall, a bridge, a sheet of ice, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anTaaTikkaavile oru romba periya panikkuuTam oTenduLLadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A tremenous ice shelf has given way in Antarctica</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> yield, as in an argument, etc.; give ground, as in a contest, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanukku nikka kaal ille, aanaa avan viTTukkuTuppatille</font><br> <font size=+1>He hasn't got a leg to stand on, but he won't give way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>given over to, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTimeyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be addicted, as to drugs, etc.; be hopelessly immersed, as in evil, etc.; be a slave to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan poode poruLukku aTimeyaahi irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has given himself over to drugs, and is hopelessly addicted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>given to, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkamaaha poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be in the habit of; be accustomed to; indulge o.s. in<br> <br> <font size=+1>??niiLamaana peeccu kuTukkradu naan vazakkamaa poohalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm not given to making long speeches.</font><br> 1) (pazakkamaa poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glad (of), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be delighted, happy or pleased; be willing to do s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>un vaziyile oru varam vandaa sandooshappaTu, summaa keeLvi keekkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>When a boon comes your way, be glad of it and don't question it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshamaa iru)</font> 7 intr neuter + dati <br> be delighted, pleased or happy<br> <br> <font size=+1>adeppatti enakku sandooshamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm glad of it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glad, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> rejoice; be happy, experience pleasure<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I am glad to hear that you were awarded a prize.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gladden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshap paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> give pleasure or joy to<br> j <br> <font size=+1>inda verri janaadibadiyin manace nicciyamaa sandooshap paTuttum</font><br> <font size=+1>That victory is sure to gladden the heart of the president</font><br> 1) (makizcci kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glamorize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasiiharappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make attractive, interesting, alluring or fascinating<br> . <br> <font size=+1>raaNuva ceeveye vasiiharappaTutta muyarci seyyiraanga. aanaa adu ippoo kavarcciyaa ille</font><br> <font size=+1>They are trying to glamorize military service, when it is really not very attractive right now</font><br> 1) (kavarcci uuTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (gLaamaraiz paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavarcciyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cosmeticize, as a plan, policy; try to make more attractive; put on a pretty front; cover with fancy packaging, window dressing<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanga muuNu maruttuva kalluurikaLeyum oNNaa iNaikka tiTTamiTTu irukkaanga. aanaa ade kavarcciyaakkum muyarciyile adukku pudiya peer cuuTTi irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They're planning to consolidate the three medical colleges, but they're trying to glamorize it by giving the new college a fancy name</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glamorous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavarcciyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full of glamor; be attractive or alluring<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan olaham muzukka kappalile cutti kavarcciyaa irukkum vaaLkke vaazkiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He leads a glamorous life, traveling around the world on cruises</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paLicciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> flash, gleam or shine<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kavacattin miidu oLi paLicciTTu avan seTiyile oLinjiruppade kaaTTikuTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The light glanced off the metal of his armor, revealing him hiding in the bushes</font><br> 1) (minnu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glance (at, down, through)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meerpookkaa paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look briefly; scan superficially; give a superficial look or reading<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan ade enniTam mudalile kuTuttappoo naan ade meerpookkaa paatteen, aanaa ade peraku maruppaTiyum paTicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I glanced at it briefly when he first gave it to me, but then read it again later</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poora pookkule kurippiTu)</font> 4t <br> refer to s.t. briefly while passing on to s.t. else; make a brief reference to s.t. in writing<br> ?? , <br> <font size=+1>avar veeru edeyooppatti ?? poo anda talaippe poora pookkule kurippiTTaar, aanaa vevaramaa oNNum kuurale</font><br> <font size=+1>He sort of glanced at the topic when he was lecturing about something else, but not in any detail</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glance at, down, through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((oru paarvai) paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> take a look at; look rapidly or briefly at<br> <br> <font size=+1>ave anda paTTiyuale oru paarve paattaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She glanced at (down, through) the list.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glance off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTutteri)</font> 6b intr <br> touch or strike and bounce off<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuppaakki kuNTu tale paahettile paTTutterindu avane kaayappaTuttale</font><br> <font size=+1>The bullet glanced off his helmet and didn't injure him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTumpaTaamalum poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move off, touching s.t. here and there<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aTi avan tooLule paTTum paTaamalum poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The blow glanced off his shoulder.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNkaL kuusa prahaasi)</font> 6b intr <br> shine with a dazzling or harsh light<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga vimaana nelayatte nookki vandappoo vezakkellam kaNkaL kuusa prahaasittuTTu irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The lights of the airport were glaring up at us when we approached</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glare at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moreccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> stare at; stare with an angry look or piercing look at<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan anda praccaneye sonnappa ava koobattule enne moreccu paataa</font><br> <font size=+1>When I mentioned that problem, she just glared at me, angrily</font><br> 1) (more) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glaring, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNe uruttu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> be harsh on the eyes; (of light) be dazzling; (of colors) be garish; (of mistakes in writing) be flagrant; egregious<br> <font size=+1>They made a glaring error in the calculations for the Hubbel space telescope</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glassy, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNaaTi pool aahu)</font> 3i <br> become like glass; become smooth and shining<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kaNkaL kaNNaaTi pool aahiyirundadu, adanaale naan avan cettuTTaaNu nenecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes were glassy, and I thought he might be dead</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vericcu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of eyes) become fixed and staring; lose expression and become a stare<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa kaNkaL vericcu poohirappa, eTeveli eTukka neeram aahiTTaduuNu onakku teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>When their eyes are glassy like that, you know it's time to take a break</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nele kuttu)</font> 3i <br> (of eyes at death) be fixed or rigid<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kaNkaL nele kuttu iruppadaale avan cettu carru neeram aahiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He had been dead for a while, because his eyes were glassy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glaze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paLapaLappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make polished or shining; make smooth and glassy<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>naan innikki raattiri inda ?? aduppule cuTTu paLapaLappaakka poreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going to glaze these tiles in the kiln tonight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNaaTi pooruttu)</font> 3 trr <br> fit with sheets of glass; furnish with glass<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The building is glazed with a new kind of reflective glass</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glaze over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vericcu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of eyes) become dull and expressionless; become lifeless; become bored or satiated with s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa caadanekaLe patti peeca toTangumpoodee enooTa kaNkaL vericcu pooha aarambikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>My eyes just start to glaze over when he starts talking about his accomplishments.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glaze with sugar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?</B> <font size=+1>(cakkare paahu uuravayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cover or immerse in sugar solution, icing<br> , ?? <br> <font size=+1>inda palahaaram cakkare paahile pooTTadu, aanaa mattave ?? irkkirana</font><br> <font size=+1>These donuts have been glazed, but the others are plain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gleam</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miLiru)</font> 2 intr <br> be polished; be burnished; be bright<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTi miLirudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mirror is gleaming.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be polished, as by rubbing, etc.<br> / <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa muTi suuriyanle veyilile veLangudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her hair gleamed in the sun.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paLicciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> send forth a flash of light; appear suddenly like a flash; appear (in the eyes) with a sudden light<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiruNu tuurattile oru minnum oLi paLicciTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly a flash of light gleamed in the distance</font><br> 1) (minnu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(minnu)</font> 3 intr <br> emit or give out a brightness; shine brightly; scintillate, sparkle<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>ceyarkekooL andi veeLeyile kaTandu pookirappa ?? adu minnuvade unnaale paakka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>When the satellite passes over at dusk, you can see it gleaming on the horizon</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glean</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seehari)</font> 6b tr <br> gather or collect, as facts, information, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar sonnade vecci inda varusham naamakku campala uyarvu illeeNu naan seeharicciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I gleaned from what he said that we're not due for a raise this year.</font><br> 1) (porukki-eTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (teraTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(porukku)</font> 3 tr <br> pick up or gather, as grain, etc.; collect, as discarded objects, etc.<br> -- <br> <font size=+1>avan kuppeyile mukkuLippavan -- cutti pooy kuppeyile pooTTa poruLule teeveyuLLate porukkuvan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a dumpster-diver--he goes around gleaning useful things from dumpsters that have been discarded</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glib, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saraLamaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be fluent, facile, easy or unconstrained, as a talk, an action, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan vaakku koTuppadile saraLamaa irukkaan, aanaa naan poruttirundu paakkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very glib with the promises, but I'd wait and see</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazukki poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> move along smoothly and noiselessly<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>rayil vaNTi ?? irukkiratu, adu iruppu paadeyile vazukkic pookudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That train is so smooth, it just glides along the rails</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(medandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> float along or away, as a boat in water, a bird in air, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattellaam taNNiyin meel medandu pookudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ducks glide on top of the water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(surukki poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> slide along or by; descend noiselessly and effortlessly<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? seyyiratin oru inbam panimeel surukki pooradudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>One of the joys of skiing is the ability to just glide over the snow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mazuvi poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> slip or sneak away, as from a room, a meeting, etc.; slip out of hand; pass by, as time<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeram engaLe ariyamaleeye mazuvic pooyviTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The time just sort of glided by, without our noticing it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glimmer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTTu eri)</font> 2b intr <br> burn with a faint unsteady light<br> <br> <font size=+1>minminippuucci adanooTa kuheyile viTTu viTTu erindu leecaana oLi veLiyiTutu</font><br> <font size=+1>The glowworm emits a faint light, glimmering away in its cave</font><br> 1) (kaNNu simiTTu) 3 tr, ta<br> 2) (minuk-minukku-NNu eri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(minukku minukkNNu oLiviisu)</font> 3i <br> emit a faint and unsteady light; flicker, glow faintly<br> <br> <font size=+1>meLahu vatti areyile minukku minukkNNu oLiviisiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The candle flame glimmered and flickered faintly in the room</font><br> 1) (minnu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glimpse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTekkaNNaale paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> cast a glance at; look askance; see out of the corner of o's eye; catch a glimpse of<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan inda pohanda naTihane neettu anda kaTeyle en kaTekkaNNunaale paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to glimpse this famous actor in that store yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poora pookkule paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> take a quick passing look at; have a passing sight of<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avane pookira pookkiletaan paateen, aanaa ennaale nallaa paakka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I only glimpsed him in passing, but I couldn't see clearly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(are koreyaa paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> take or have an incomplete view of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennaale anda pohepaTangaLe are koreyaadaan paakka muTindadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I only got a glimpse at the photos</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paLicciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> gleam; flash; shine; glitter<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tangattukaaha teeTurappoo sela sameyattile adu paLicciTum, appoo ade taNNiyile paakalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>When you're looking for gold, sometimes it glints and you see it in the water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paLic paLicNNu oLiyiTu)</font> 4i <br> emit, or shine with intermittent flashes<br> <br> <font size=+1>suttuppurattule nereya oLi illaaviTTaal naccattirangaL paLic paLicNNu oLiyiTuvade poola irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If there's not too much ambient light, the stars just seem to glint</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glisten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minnu)</font> 3 intr <br> shine; shimmer; sparkle; glitter<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kuLir kaalattile, paniyum panikaTTiyum raattiriyile minnum</font><br> <font size=+1>In winter, the ice and snow glisten at night</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paLa paLa)</font> 6i <br> sparkle, shine or gleam, as hair, a polished surface, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanga aaparanangaL kaaTci peTTikaLile paLa paLattana</font><br> <font size=+1>The gold ornaments glistened from their display cabinet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glitter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tolangu)</font> 3 intr <br> shine; be bright; be intelligent<br> <br> <font size=+1>tangam tolangum</font><br> <font size=+1>Gold glitters.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soTaroLi viisu)</font> 3i <br> emit a flashing light; sparkle, shine<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>soTaroLi viisuvadellaam ponnalla (minnuvadellaam ponnalla)</font><br> <font size=+1>All that glitters is not gold</font><br> 1) (minnu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(minni pahaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> make a brilliant show, with flashing points of light; be flashy or put up a flashy show<br> <br> <font size=+1>laas veegas minni pahaTTum kaaccikaLukkaaha ariyappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Las Vegas is known for glittering shows</font><br> 1) (prahaasi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gloat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshappaTu)</font> 4 intr+acc.+ ~pa66i~ <br> express arrogant or exaggerated self-satisfaction; take delight in the misfortunes of others<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nashTatte patti nii sandooshappaTakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You don't need to gloat over his loss.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?</B> <font size=+1>(aanandappaTu)</font> 4i <br> be or feel happy, as over others' misfortunes, etc.; feel very delighted, as over o's jewellery, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa nahekaLe veLiyee eTuttu aanandappaTuraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She gets her jewelry out and gloats over it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teLe)</font> 6i <br> lose o.s. in, be engrossed in; linger lovingly or dwell upon gloatingly<br> j <br> <font size=+1>janaadibadi cinnaccinna verrikkellaam eedoo arumeyaanade senjada poola teLekkiraar</font><br> <font size=+1>The president gloats when he has a small victory, acting like it's really something wonderful he's done.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paattu siri)</font> 6b tr + acc <br> laugh at, as another's defeat, loss, etc.; take delight in o's misfortune<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan poore taniyaa venradeppoola naTantukkiTTu vimaanattilirundu iranginappoo paattu sirittaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gloated as he got out of the airplane, acting like he'd won the war single-handedly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>globe-trot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olaham suttu)</font> 3 intr, tr <br> go around the world; travel frequently all over the world<br> <br> <font size=+1>uLture ameccar naaTTu naTappuku pootumaana aLavu kavaam celuttaama olakam suttuvadaa karudappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The secretary of state was thought to globe-trot too much, and not pay enough attention to the homefront</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gloomy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavaleppaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> feel worried, full of care, fretful; be sorrowful, be downcast, be pessimistic<br> <br> <font size=+1>iiraakkile naTakkum poor pattiya edirpaarpukaLe patti avar rombavum kavaleppaTuraar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's feeling very gloomy about the prospects for the war in Iraq</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vraktiyaTi)</font> 6i <br> be contributory to depression or pessimism, as a view of life, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vaazkeye patti vraktiyaTinda karuttu koNTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has a gloomy view of life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(cor)</font> 2 intr <br> be dejected; be showing depression or melancholy, as a look, appearance, etc.<br> ! .<br> <font size=+1>ippaTi corruNu irukkaade! nii mattavangaLe ellaareyum kavaleyaakhi viTuve.</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't be so gloomy! You make everybody else unhappy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(iruLu)</font> 1 intr <br> be dark or dim, as the day, etc.; dismal, as the times, prospects, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu oru iruLu muuTiya naaL</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a gloomy and dismal day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(Tal aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be frustrating, boring; be frustrated, bored, unhappy<br> , ?<br> <font size=+1>ennaTa, romba Tal aTikkiree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Hey, man, why are you feeling so gloomy?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(Tal aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be frustrating, boring; be frustrated, bored, unhappy<br> , ?<br> <font size=+1>ennaTa, nii een romba Tal aTiccikkiTTeeyirukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>Hey, man, why are you feeling so gloomy?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glorify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pohaz paaTu)</font> 3i&tr <br> sing the glory of; praise in adoration of; give glory to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga naaL muLukka okkaandu kaTavuLai puhazndu paaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They sit around all day, glorifying the Lord and singing his praises</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mahime paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make glorious; give glory to; invest with glory, fame, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa caadanekaLe mahime paTutti toolvikaLe sinnadaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He glorified his accomplishments, and minimized his failures</font><br> 1) (adihamaa pohazu) 2 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(perisaa pokaz)</font> 2 tr <br> praise or extol excessively; give more credit, fame, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanga ti mu ka tamizukkaaha senjade maTTume perisaa pukazntaanga, marrade edeyumille</font><br> <font size=+1>They just glorify what the DMK has done for Tamil, and nothing else</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tudi)</font> 6b tr <br> praise, extol or sing the glory, as of God, deities, etc.; worship, as God, etc.; eulogize, as a leader, a politician, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>paktarkaL kaTavuLe tudittaanga, pukazndu paaTi perumeye kuurinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The devotees glorify the god, singing praises and extolling his virtues</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(perumeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> honor; extol; magnify with praise, distinction, etc.<br> , , <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuLe perumeppaTuttuvade poolavee, mariyaade aLittu, perumeye kuuri avanooTa peere vaLarungaL</font><br> <font size=+1>Honor, extol, and magnify his name as ye glorify the deity</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glorious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sera)</font> 7i <br> be splendid; be magnificent or distinguished; be enjoyable or delightful<br> <br> <font size=+1>neppooliyanuTeya toolvihaL kuvindadakku munnaale avanooTa saadanekaL sirappaa karudappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Napoleon's accomplishments were thought to be glorious, until his defeats began to accumulate</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pohazattahu)</font> 4 intr <br> be worthy of renown, honor, etc.; be qualified for fame, praise, etc.<br> ? . <br> <font size=+1>coozarkaL pukazattakka varalaarrai koNTavarkaL. aanaal tennintiyaavai tavira veku cilarukkutan atai parri teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>The Cholas had a glorious history, but few outside S. India seem to know of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glory (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perumepaTTu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> feel proud of; rejoice or exult<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kuzandekaLooTa saadanekaLile eedoo avandaan adukku kaaraNam poola avan perumepaTTu koLraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He glories in his children's successes, as if he's responsible for them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuttaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> dance in joy, triumph, success, etc.; rejoice proudly, gleefully, exultingly, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa paTekaL verrikaramaa tirumbiyappoo ellaarum avangaLe kuuttaaTi makizntaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the armies returned victorious, everybody gloried in them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teLe)</font> 6i <br> enjoy totally, fully or excessively; lose o.s. in, as freedom, an ideology, etc.<br> ?? , <br> <font size=+1>?? sishyarkaL, ava sollum ovvoru vaartteyilum teLekkiraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The followers of Ayn Rand glory in every word she ever uttered</font><br> 1) (perume-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gloss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakkavure ezudu)</font> 3 trr <br> give long explanatory notes; annotate<br> . <br> <font size=+1>aazvaarkaLooTa paaTaliukku ellaam mozipeyarppoo poruLure ezutapaTavooille. ade kaNTippa seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The hymns of the Alvars have not been translated or glossed, and this needs to be done</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poruLure ezudu)</font> 3 trr <br> give notes on the meanings of words, phrases, etc.; give interlinear translations of; provide a glossary for<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppoveeNumunaalum tamiz ilakkiyangale marravanga purindukoLLura maadri mozipeyartti poruLure ezuduvadudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Something that can always be done is to translate and gloss the Tamil classics so that others may grasp them</font><br> 1) (veLakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meruhu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give a gloss to; put a gloss upon; polish<br> ?? ; <br> <font size=+1>inda ?? meruhu pooTu; iNNukku naan paakka nallaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Gloss up those shoes, please; I want to look good today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(puusi mezuhu)</font> 3 tr <br> hide, as faults, defects, etc.; make s.t. appear good by giving a coating, a covering, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga tiTTattule uLLa kurekaLe puuci mazuku adu piramaanTamaa eTuttu sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They glossed over the defects of the plan, making it sound glorious</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paLapaLappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> polish; make s.t. shining, polished or showy<br> ?? , <br> <font size=+1>mudalile ?? taTavi, appuram ade teeccu, oru menmeyaana tuniyaale paLapaLappaakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>First you apply the polish, then you buff it and gloss it with a soft cloth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gloss (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTimare)</font> 6b tr <br> hide or cover, as defects, faults, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kaccikaaranga talevarooTa toolvikaLe muuTimarettu, avarooTa verrikaLe pukazdaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The party faithful tend to gloss over the leader's failures, and glorify his successes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glossy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paLapaLa)</font> 6i <br> be shining or lustrous<br> <br> <font size=+1>laas veehasil naLLiravilumkuuTa ellaam paLapaLapavum minuminuppaavum irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Everything in Las Vegas is glossy and sparkly, even at midnight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazavazappaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be smooth, as glass, marble, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>taaj mahaalin paLingukkallu tare vazavazappaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The marble floors of the Taj Mahal are glossy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(joli)</font> 6b intr <br> glow or be like a flame; shine; be radiant<br> j <br> <font size=+1>ava kalyaaNap poTaveyile romba joliccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She glowed radiantly in her wedding dress</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veduveduppaTe)</font> 2i <br> become warm; feel warm, as with a hot drink<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kalaas suuTaana paTTeccaaraayam kuTiccadum naan veduveduppaTenju irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm glowing, now that I've had a nice glass of hot toddy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tehaz)</font> 2i <br> be radiant or shine, as with health, youth, or intelligence<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan aarookkiyattooTu tehazndaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He glowed with health.</font><br> 1) (prahaasi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) j </B> <font size=+1>(joli)</font> 6b intr <br> be luminous, bright or lustrous; shine; blaze; become incandescent<br> j <br> <font size=+1>paalaivanattile irundaa vaaNam naccattirangaLaale jolikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>When you're out in the desert, the sky just glows with starlight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(seva)</font> 7i 3pn <br> (of face) be flushed, as with anger, shame or pleasure; (of eyes) turn red, as with anger or loss of sleep; (of cheeks) be flushed, as with pleasure<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kaNNangaL kovattile sivandu irundana</font><br> <font size=+1>His cheeks were flushed and glowing red-hot with anger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glower</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruTTippaaru)</font> 6 intr <br> look angrily, glare, scowl at s.o.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nallaa on kaNNe uruTTi paaru. taanaa payandu avan ooTiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Glower at him and he immediately runs away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oham karu)</font> 6 intr <br> scowl; darken because of anger; glare, look daggers, frown, lour, give a s.o. black look; (inf.) give s.o. a dirty look<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaaru ade sonnadum maaNavanooTa moham karuttu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the teacher said that, the student glowered angrily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moreccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> stare or look with anger, dislike, dissatisfaction, etc.<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>nii enne appaTi moreccu paakka teeveyille! naan oru tappum seyyale</font><br> <font size=+1>You don't need to glower at me like that! I've done nothing wrong.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(puruvangaLe nericcu paaru)</font> 6 intr <br> knit o's brows; frown or stare, with displeasure, discontent, etc.<br> ; ?<br> <font size=+1>aaciriyai unne puruvangaLe nericcu paapade poola irukku; nii enna senje?</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher looks like she's glowering at you; what did you do?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(mohatte suLi)</font> 6b intr <br> look sullen or displeased by screwing up o's face; glare at s.o. with distorted features; frown at (upon); look displeased or bad-tempered at<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan ade sonnappa, avan mohatte suLiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When I said that, he just glowered at me.</font><br> 1) (puruvatte neri) 6b intr<br> 2) (siTusiTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stick; make fast or join firmly, with glue or s.t. like it; post, as bills, posters, etc.<br> . , <br> <font size=+1>inda poosTarkaLe naama suvattile oTTaNum. aduvum nallaa, adu vizaamal irukkirappaTi</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to glue these posters on the walls, and do it well, so they don't come down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glue down (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pase taTavi oTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stick with glue, as paper, stamps, etc.; join with glue, as pieces of glass, wood, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anjal talaikaLe anjal ure meele pase taTavi oTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Glue the stamps on the envelopes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paseyiTTu eNe)</font> 6 tr <br> join or attach firmly with glue, as pieces of wood, glass, porcelain, etc.<br> ?? ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? seyyirapoo silavaiye paceyiTTu eNekkapaTukirana mattave ?? eNekkapaTukirana</font><br> <font size=+1>When they make furniture, certain pieces are glued, and others attached with screws</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glue o.s. to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavanam celuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> direct o's attention to; give o's attention to<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellorum meeTeyin meele kavanam seluttunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone glued their attention to the stage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glued to, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTikkiTTiru)</font> 6 intr <br> stick close to; be always close or near to, as a person; be always at the side of, as a child, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ava eppavum unnooTavee oTTikkiTTirukum supaavam koNTava. unne taniyaa viTamaTTaaL</font><br> <font size=+1>She's the kind of kid who is always glued to your side, never leaving you alone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be directed towards, as eyes, attention, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa kaNNum ava muhatle padinjirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody's eyes were glued to her face.</font><br> 1) (muuzhi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gluey, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pisu pisuppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be sticky, greasy or viscuous<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu rompa picu picuppaayirundu oTTudu. adanaale paattu naTandukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>It's very gluey and sticky, so watch where you walk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paseyaayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be covered or smeared with glue; be sticky or viscuous<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan piniyaaTTavin meele pase pooTTu ade nallaa paseyaayirukka senjiTTu apuram kaahida ureye oTTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He covers the pinata with glue, making it very gluey, then sticks on the paper covering</font><br> 1) (pisupisu) 6 intr 3pn<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> stock excessively or abundantly, as vegetables, food, grains, etc. in a shop, in warehouses, in storage areas<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kaTekaLile s yu vii kkaL koTTivaittirukka paTTuLLatu. eenenraal peTrol vele adikamaa iruppadaale yaarum avate vaanguradulle</font><br> <font size=+1>The market is now glutted with SUV's because nobody wants them, what with gas prices being out of sight</font><br> 1) (kuvicci vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (koTT-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> oversupply, as commodities, goods, etc. in the market; stock to excess, as goods in a shop, etc.; pile up<br> <br> <font size=+1>konja munnaale olaka sandeyile eNNe kuvindirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A while back the world market was glutted with oil</font><br> 1) (kuvicc-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glut o.s. with, on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((oru piTi) piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> gorge, cram; eat voraciously; be gluttonous<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan inippu poruLkaLeyum ais kireemeyum matta poruTkaLeyum oru piTi piTippaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just gluts himself on sweets, icecream, desserts and stuff</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mukku piTikka saappiTu)</font> 4 tr, intr <br> eat to excess; be gluttonous; eat o's fill<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan mukku piTikka saappiTTuTTutaan velakuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He doesn't leave the table until he's glutted himself on everything in sight</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glutinous, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pisu pisuppaahi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become sticky or greasy, as hair with oil, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa muTi eNNeyaale pisu pisuppaahi pooyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Her hair has become glutinous with oil</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glutinous, become (cf. greasy, be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eLahi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become soft or viscous, as overcooked rice, clay, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ariciye rompa cameccaa adu iLahi pooyiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you cook rice too much, it can get glutinous and sticky</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>glutted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvinju keTa)</font> 4i <br> be over-supplied; be overfilled; be stocked to excess; be piled up<br> <br> <font size=+1>viyaapaara sandeyile vele oyarnda, peTrool kuTikkum vaNTikaL kuvindu keTakkirana</font><br> <font size=+1>The market is glutted with expensive gas-guzzling cars right now</font><br> 1) (teviTTu) 3 intr 3pn + dat<br> 2) (koTTi keTa) 4i<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tehaTTu)</font> 3 intr 3pn + dat <br> be satiated or cloyed with, esp. of sweets<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>ennaale itukkumeele eduvum caappiTa muTiyaadu; enakku cakleeT cappiTTu tihaTTi pooyiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't eat any more; I glutted myself with chocolate</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gnarled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLenju neLi)</font> 2i <br> be bent, twisted and crooked<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vaLendu neLindirukkum marattukku munnuuru varushangaLukku meele vayadayiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>That old gnarled and twisted tree is over 300 years old</font><br> 1) (karaTu muraTaay-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karaTu moraTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of trees) be twisted, crooked or knotted; (of hands) be knotted, rugged and rough<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku tonnuuru vayacu, adanaale avaLooTa kaikaL karaTu muraTaa irukkirana</font><br> <font size=+1>She's 90 years old, so her hands are gnarled and crooked</font><br> 1) (muNTu muTiccaa iru) 7 omyt<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gnash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(palle kaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> grind o's teeth, esp. in frustration, anger<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>avan teerudalle toottupoona ?kaTuppille avan palle kaTittaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was gnashing his teeth with frustration because he lost the election</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naranaraNNu palle kaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> grind the teeth; clench the teeth noisily<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>nii ippaTi naranaraNNu palle kaTiccaa, ennakku adu pakkattu areyilum keekkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you grind and gnash your teeth like that, I can hear you in the next room!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gnaw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 6b tr <br> erode, corrode; bore, as insect, worms, etc.; vex, plague or torment, as grief, sorrow, jealousy, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan manae eedoo arikkidu, aanaa adu ennaNNu ennakku teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Something is gnawing at him, but I'm not sure what</font><br> 1) (ariccu tiNNuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kori)</font> 6b tr <br> nibble as a rat, a squirrel or a rabbit; bite or chew on with teeth, as nuts, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>elikaL anda marattin veere koriccu maratte urudiyillaama aakkiirukirana</font><br> <font size=+1>Rats had gnawed on the roots of the tree and made it weak</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> bite and chew on as a dog; bite, as fingernails, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naay oru elumbe kaTiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog gnawed on a bone until it was all gone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(koTe)</font> 2 tr <br> make holes as beetles in wood; worry, harrass or plague as conscience, guilt, etc.; penetrate, as a worm<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan senja kaariyattaale kutta uNarvu avanooTa manace koTekidu</font><br> <font size=+1>Guilt is gnawing at his conscience because of what he did</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gnaw at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukuru)</font> 6 intr <br> (of heart) be vexed, plagued or tormented by s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu enakku kurukuruttadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>It gnawed at my vitals.</font><br> 1) (kurukuru) 6 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gnaw away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause a smarting irritation, cause to brood; annoy<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa veeleyle tappu senjiTTeen. appaTiingradu en manasule uruttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I made a mistake in my work, and it kind of gnaws away at my mind</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiriccu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> destroy by nibbling; nibble away<br> ?? ?? . <br> <font size=+1>?? viiTTin ?? kiriccu taLLiTTana. engaLukku adu teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Termites gnawed away at the foundation of the house, and we didn't know it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTicceTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bite off, as fingernails, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa nakangaLe aTiyooTu kaTicceTuttuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has gnawed and bitten away at his fingernails until there's nothing left</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(settu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> die; pass away; go the way of all flesh; expire, pass away<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan settu pooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has gone to his reward</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kazi)</font> 2i <br> (of time) pass; elapse<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? irukkirapoo neeram ceekkiramaa kazium</font><br> <font size=+1>Time goes quickly when you're having fun</font><br> 1) (tiindu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaypoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become finished, spent, consumed, etc.<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>adu ellam aayppooccu; muTinjiTucci!</font><br> <font size=+1>It's all gone; finished!</font><br> 1) (pora-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become, enter into the state of, as madness; turn or become, as various colors, etc.; turn out or result<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda tuyarattaale paytiyamaahiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's gone mad from the grief of it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) b </B> <font size=+1>(keLambu)</font> 3 intr <br> leave or depart; set out; start on a trip<br> , <br> <font size=+1>keLampa neeram aahiTucciNNu naan nenekkireen, adanaale naan purappaTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I guess it's time to go, so I'll be on my way</font><br> 1) (poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(eyangu)</font> 3i <br> (of machines) work or function<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>?inda vaNTi veekamaa eyangumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Does this car go fast?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of clock and engines) run, work or function<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu innum ooTudu. aanaa adukku eNNeyum nereya uukkamum teeve</font><br> <font size=+1>It still goes, but it needs oil and a lot of encouragement</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(eehu)</font> 3i <br> move, proceed; leave, depart<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tiTTattuTan naama mun eeha veeNumNu naan nienekkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think we need to go ahead now with this project</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) , </B> <font size=+1>(poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> move or proceed; leave or depart; act as specified; reach or extend, as a path, etc.; resort to, as mediation, etc.<br> <font size=+1>medication</font><br> <font size=+1>The strike will now have to go into medication, according to law</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move or proceed from or to s.t.; leave or depart; act or become as specified, as to go watchfully, to go mad, etc.; reach or extend, as a road, path, etc.; (of time) pass; have recourse to, as a court<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda vazi tiruccikku pookudu, aanaa mattadu tanjaavuurukku pookudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This road goes to Trichy, but the other one goes to Thanjaavuur</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go (a)round</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> go around or spread, as an illness, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>eeviyan pulu paravikiTTu varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The avian flu is starting to go around</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTikkiTTeeyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> keep running, as an idea, etc. in o's mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda raaham en manTeyile ooTikiTTeeyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The tune just goes around and around in my head</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uuru suttu)</font> 3 intr <br> get about; travel around; keep travelling<br> j ?? <br> <font size=+1>jaan vesli tannooTa ?? parappuvadukaaha kudireyile uur suttinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>John Wesley went around on horseback in order to spread his message</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(keeTTukkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> keep ringing, as a tune, etc. in o's ears<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda paaTTu enooTa manacile keeTTukkiTTirukku. ade ennaale tolaikka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The melody keeps going around in my head, and I can't seem to lose it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(olaham suttu)</font> 3 intr <br> travel around the world; be on the move around the world<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan olaham sutti tannooTa poruTkale vikkiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just goes around the world, selling his products</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go (come) up to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNuhu)</font> 3 tr <br> approach<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe aNuhi peeccu kuTuttu paareen</font><br> <font size=+1>Just go up to her and try to start a conversation with her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go (get) to sleep</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuunga aarambi)</font> 6b intr <br> begin sleeping; drop off to sleep<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan naLLiravuvare tuunga aarambikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't go to sleep until after midnight</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go (through with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(senjumuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> pull (s.t.) off; complete<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman tannooTa tirumaNatte oru vaziyaa senju muTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman finally went through with his wedding.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) , </B> <font size=+1>(ulaavu, ulavu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of rumors, news, etc.) spread; get about; get round; pass from person to person<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avar raajanaamam senjaalum seyvaaNu oru vadandi ulaavudu</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a rumor going about that he may resign</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti tiri)</font> 2b tr <br> wander or move about; get about, travel<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avar nereya uurukaLukkum kiraamangaLukkum sutti tirinju, pazeya oole cuvaTikale seekariccu ezudinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went around to various towns and villages, collecting old palm leaf manuscripts, and transcribed them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> proceed to do s.t.; do or perform; carry on<br> <br> <font size=+1>onga veeleye seyyunga.</font><br> <font size=+1>Go about your work normally.</font><br> 1) b (seyya aarambi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(seyya toTangu)</font> 3 tr <br> go about doing s.t.; begin to do or perform<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa veeleye ?? seyya toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went about his work in a methodical manner</font><br> 1) (suttu) 3 intr, tr<br> 2) b (seyya aarambi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeya moyarci paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> try to get; attempt to obtain; strive for, as a job, a prize, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan periya paricukaLe aTeya muyarci senji selacameyangaLile verrium aTenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went after the big prizes, and sometimes he succeeded</font><br> 1) (turatti-kiTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go in search of or seek after, as a job, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii veele teeTi pooreeNNaa nii siikkiramaa ezundiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you're setting out to go after a job, you should get up earlier</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> chase, pursue or run after, as a romantic attachment<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan azakaana peNkaLeyee t0rattuvaan, aanaa avanaale avaLe vella muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He goes after the prettiest girls, but he doesn't stand a chance with her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) b </B> <font size=+1>(ediraa tirumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> turn against; be unfavorable to<br> , <br> <font size=+1>mudalle ellaame nallapaTiya pooyikiTTu irundadu, aanaa apurama adu ediraa tirumbi ella pandiyangaLilum avan toorraan</font><br> <font size=+1>At first it was fine, but then things went against him, and he lost all the matches</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neer maaraahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be opposite or contrary to<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>nii solvadum ?? solvadum neer maaraa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>What you are saying goes against what the theory says.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(edittu naTa)</font> 7t <br> behave or act in opposition to; oppose<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ade senjaa nii unnooTa ammaapaavin viruppatte edirttu naTappe</font><br> <font size=+1>You'll be going against your parents' wishes if you do that</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go ahead</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muntikkoo @(sh tr )@)</font> 1 tr <br> go forward; overtake<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naama inda tiTTatte muntikoLLa veeNum, illenaa naama pinnaTendu viTuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to go ahead with this plan, or we'll fall behind</font><br> 1) (toTangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandu poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> continue to advance or go forward; proceed; move forward or ahead<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama inda tiTTatuTan toTandu poohalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We'll go ahead with this plan, then</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aarambi)</font> 6b tr <br> begin; proceed; go ahead with<br> <font size=+1>We've decided to go ahead with this version of the program</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go ahead/forward</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munneeru)</font> 3 intr <br> advance; progress; go forward; get ahead<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kuuTTate munneeri poohaavilleenaa naama pinnaaTainjuviTuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>If we don't go ahead of the crowd, we'll fall behind</font><br> 1) (mundikkoo) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go along</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orumiccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go with one accord; agree with; concur<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii kuuTTattooTu orumiccu pooha muTivu seyyaleena nii otukkapaTuvaay</font><br> <font size=+1>If you decide to not go along with the rest of the group, you'll be shunned</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> step around, as a rock, a puddle, etc.; move around s.t. which lies in o's way; circumambulate, circumnavigate; detour around<br> <br> <font size=+1>eedaavadu taTangaL irundaa nii ade suttikkiTTu poo</font><br> <font size=+1>If you come to an obstacle, just go around it</font><br> 1) (pattum) defective<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?</B> <font size=+1>(paravikkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be enough or sufficient, as for all people, purposes, etc.; suffice, be adequate<br> <br> <font size=+1>Sometimes there isn't enough food to go around.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go aside</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> push forward; allow s.o. to pass; step aside<br> <font size=+1>cenne basle, taLLi poonga, taLLi poongaNNu kaN{\d d}ak{\d t}ar solluvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In the Madras buses, the conductors keep saying `step aside, push forward, let people by'</font><br> 1) (velahi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> attack; assault; pounce upon; hit at; dash against<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe avamaanappoTuttuna piraku, naan paattiTaaTa koobattile ava avane taakkuna</font><br> <font size=+1>After he insulted her, she went at him with a fury I've never seen</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTumeyaahu oze)</font> 6i <br> work hard or vigorously; strive hard<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii idil kaTumeyaa ozekkaNum, illeena nii verriyaTeya maaTTe</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to go at this more energetically, or you won't succeed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be sold at, for (a price); go for<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda saikkiL ainuuru ruubaayikkudaan poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The bicycle went at only 500 rupees.</font><br> 1) (villu) 5c tr<br> 2) (viRkappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go at (have a)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oru kai paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> try o's ability against; confront s.t. in a spirit of challenge; attack, as an opponent, a dinner, an activity, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>un tirameye eTeppooTataan nii ide oru kai paakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to have a go at this, just to see what you're capable of</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooy tole)</font> 2b intr <br> get away! get out of here! get lost!<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avane pooy toleNNu sonneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I told him in no uncertain terms to go away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaale poo)</font> 3b intr <br> reach backwards in time; trace origin to an early stage<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga kuTumbam anju talemorekki munnaale poorudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My family goes back five centuries.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look back or return, as to an earlier point in a talk, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>peecuvaarteyooTa mundina kaTTatte naama tirumbi paakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to go back to the previous stage of the negotations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> return, as to o's house, etc.; revert back, as to an earlier point in a discussion, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sunaami muTinjiTTadaale nammaale viiTTukku tirumbi poohamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>We can go back home, now that the tsunami is over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go back (on one's word)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaartte tavaru)</font> 3 tr <br> fail to keep or break o's word, etc.; go back on, as a promise, etc.; renege<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanga nammma pakudiye viTTu pooyiTuvoomuNu kuurinaanga. aanaa pinnaale vaartte tavariviTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They said they would leave our territory, but then they went back on their word</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go back on o's word</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuurooham seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be disloyal or faithless to; renege; give up on;<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe kalyaaNam seyya ottukiTTu irundaan. perahu vaartte tavari tuurooham senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He had agreed to marry her, then he went back on his word and reneged</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mohattule seeru puusu)</font> 3 intr <br> (fig.) betray s.o.; promise or say one thing and do another<br> . <br> <font size=+1>reNTee naaLLe naan keeTTa paNatte tareeNNu sonnaar. kaTesi neerattule paNamee illeeNNu en mohattule seeru puusiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He promised to give me the money I asked for within two days. But, at the last moment he went back on his word, claiming he doesn't have it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go back(wards)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnaale poo)</font> 3b intr <br> fall back; fall behind; step back<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tiTTattile naama pinnaale poovoomuNu naan uNarukireen</font><br> <font size=+1>We will be going backwards with that program, I feel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go bad</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLiccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become sour, as milk or fruit<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda cuuTTile paal oree naaLile puLiccu pooyiTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk went bad after just a day in this heat</font><br> 1) (tirinju poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azuhi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become rotten or decayed, as fruit, vegetables, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazam saappiTa muTiyaada aLavukku azuhi pooyiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fruit went bad and was completely inedible</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become rotten, decayed or sour, as fruit, milk, vegetables, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>mincaaram taTeppaTTappoo ?? ella poruLkaLum keTTu pooyiTTana</font><br> <font size=+1>All the perishables went bad during the power cut</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become worse; lose quality, standard, skill, etc.; become lousy<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>pudu ?? vandadum hooTTalile seeve moosamaa pooyyiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Service in this hotel started go bad when the new management took over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go before</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> precede; go in front<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTTam perum aNivahuppile kuLLamaa iruppavanga neTTeyaa iruppavangaLe mundi poovaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the graduation march, the shorter people go before the taller ones</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaale poo)</font> 3b intr <br> precede; be or go before the rest; go in front of the rest<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii avanukku munnaale uLLee poo, marradellaa pinvarum</font><br> <font size=+1>You go in before him, and the rest will follow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go beyond</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTandu poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> go further; go beyond, as a certain point, a place, a line, etc.; excel; achieve beyond expectations<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan paLLiyil sirappaa aarraNumuNu naan nenecceen, aanaa avan engaLooTa edirpaarppukaLellaam kaTandu pooyyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I wanted him to excel in school, but he has gone beyond our wildest expectations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(miiru)</font> 3 tr <br> exceed; infringe, trespass; violate, transgress<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nii senjadu ozungaana naTavaTikkeye miirudu!</font><br> <font size=+1>What you did goes beyond the limits of polite behavior!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go off, go further, go out of reach, go aside<br> , ?? <br> <font size=+1>caavi kaavaaykkuL vizundu, naanga ?? tuurattuku adu eTTi pooyiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The keys fell into the drain and went beyond our ability to reach it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go by</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> pass or slip by, as chance, opportunity, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan poodiya aLavu moyarci seyyaadadaale vaayppe nazuva viTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He let the chance slip by because he didn't try hard enough</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTi poo)</font> 3b tr, intr <br> pass (in place); go past; pass by, as a vehicle, etc.<br> , ?? <br> <font size=+1>aNivakuppu rombavum veehamaa engaLe taaNTi poonadaale, ?? paakka enakku vayppu keTekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>The parade went by us so fast I didn't get a chance to see the dignitaries</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kazi)</font> 2b intr <br> pass (in time); pass by, as months, etc.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>sandooshamaa kuuttaTittuTTu irukkirapoo neeram siikkiramaa kazinduviTudu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Time goes by quickly when you're having fun!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTa)</font> 7 intr <br> pass by, pass over, transcend<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham meduvaa poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>This year has gone by very slowly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go by (appearances, etc.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTai pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> judge by; estimate; judge from<br> ( ), <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa saTTeye paattu (vacci) avane eTe pooTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't go by the way he dresses.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go by (the rules, etc.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTi naTa)</font> 7i <br> act according to; be guided by<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii vidikaL paTi naTandaa nii nalla aaTTam aaTuve</font><br> <font size=+1>If you go by the rules, you'll play a fair game</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malivaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become cheap; become lower in price<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTanda sela maadangaLile vele eedoo malivaayirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Prices have gone down somewhat in recent months</font><br> 1) (kore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muuzhu)</font> 3 intr <br> sink; submerge; be submerged, as a boat in a rough sea, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTahu kaTumeyaana kaTal niirile muuzhiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The boat went down in rough seas</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taaz)</font> 2i <br> fall, as price, standard, etc.; become lower in social level; become less, as the heat of the sun<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan appaTi sonnadum, naan avanmeele veccirunda apippiraayam konjam taazndadu</font><br> <font size=+1>After he said that, my opinion of him went down several notches</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become lower or less, as price, fever, inflamation, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ippoo kaayccal irangi, avan aabattilirundu velivandu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The fever has gone down now, and he's out of danger</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> fall, as price, standard, quality, etc.; become lower, as temperature, heat, etc.; become less swollen, as inflammation<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>viikkam kurenju avan ippoo konjam ?? irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The inflammation has gone down, and he's more comfortable now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2i <br> be defeated or destroyed; fall, as a city before the enemy, etc.<br> . j <br> <font size=+1>piranccu makkaL peeris viinduviTuNu nambale. aanaa adu jermaniyin taakkudalile eLidaa vizunduviTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The French never believed Paris would fall, but it went down under the German onslaught in very short order</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(toottu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> retreat or recede (before); face or suffer defeat; be defeated<br> . ?? <br> <font size=+1>enga aNi toottu pooyiTTiccu. aanaalum naanga rombavum ?? moyarci senjoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Our team went down in defeat, but we made a valiant effort nonetheless</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> become less in force or intensity, as the wind, the heat of the sun, anger, etc.; receded, become lower, as a flood<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeLLattaNNii ippoo taNindu pooyiruppadaale naama suttam seyya toTangalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>The flood waters have gone down now so we can start cleaning up</font><br> 1) (kiizee poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> (esp. Brit.) drop out of; go down (from, to); leave, as a college, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii aakspooTilirundu eppoo viTTu poone?</font><br> <font size=+1>When did he go down from Oxford?</font><br> 1) (vele kore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(maNTiyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> go down on o's knees; kneel; genuflect<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazangaalattile makkaL arasarkaL munnaalum njaanikaL munnaalum maNTiyiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the olden days, people went down on their knees in the presence of kings and holy men</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go down in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam peru)</font> 4 intr <br> go down in; find a place, as in history, annals, etc.; be recorded in<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu sarittarattile eTam perappookum naaL</font><br> <font size=+1>This is a day that will go down in history.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(porikkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> ??(of names, achievements, etc.)??<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda aaTTam adisaya puttakattile porikkappaTum!</font><br> <font size=+1>This is a game that will go down in the record book!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go down with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be accepted or received favorably; be judged adequate; find favor with<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu avangiTTe aTupaTaville</font><br> <font size=+1>That didn't go down well with him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go far</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> advance; progress; be successful; go a long way<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda iLam vinjnjaani rombavum munnukku vaaruvaaNu naan nambureen</font><br> <font size=+1>This is a young scientist who will go far, I believe</font><br> 1) (munneeru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porundum)</font> 3 intr 3pn <br> hold good or true for; be true for or of<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda graamattule enda vasadiyum ille; idu nereya graamangaLukku porundum</font><br> <font size=+1>There aren't very many amenities in this village, and that goes for many others, too.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> like; favor; be attracted by; have a liking for<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu kavide enakku puTikkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't much go for modern poetry.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(villu)</font> 5c tr 3pn <br> sell at; be sold at a certain price<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>inda ?? vaNTi poduvaa irupadaayiram Taalarukku vikkudu. aanaa ippoo adukku taLLupaTi irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This model of car usually goes for around $20,000, but right now, there's a rebate for it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go for (a) walk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattaaTappoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go out, take the air<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tenamum kaaleyle eendiriccadum appaTiyee veLiyile kaattaaTa pooyeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you try going for a walk in the morning as soon as you get out of bed?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go for (s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moyarci paNNi paaru)</font> 6 tr, tr <br> make an attempt; try for; go after; give s.t. a try<br> !<br> <font size=+1>summaa muyarci paNNi paaraTa!</font><br> <font size=+1>Hey man, just go for it!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go forward</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munneeri poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go ahead; advance; make progress<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naama munneeri pookaNum. namma senju muTitta caadanekaLeyee pinnooki paattukiTTu irukkakuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to go forward, and not just look back at our achievements</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go halves</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sari paadiyaaha pangiTu)</font> 4t <br> divide exactly into two halves or shares; (Amer.) go halfsies; split the bill; split the difference; go 'Dutch treat'; share expenses equally<br> <br> <font size=+1>iravu sappaaTTu selave sari paadiyaa pangiTa muTivusenjoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We decided to go halves (halfsies) on the price of the dinner.</font><br> 1) (paadiyaa piriccukoL ~(sh tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLee poo)</font> 3b intr <br> enter; go into, as a house, building, room, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii uLLee poorappoo oNNum sollaama sadaranamaa naTandukoo</font><br> <font size=+1>When you go in, just act natural and don't say anything</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 2b intr <br> (of the sun, moon, etc.) be hidden, or go behind, as clouds<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuriyan meekatukku pinnaale marenju ellam verittu poonadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sun went in behind a cloud, and things got dreary</font><br> 1) (noze) 2ai<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go in for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> take, as a test; sit for, as an examination<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paricce ezuda poonappoo paricce areyile irunda marravar ellaam enneviTa tannambikkeyaa irukkira maadiri terincaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When I went in for the exam, everybody else in the room looked more confident than I felt</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaaTu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be interested in; show an interest in; involve o.s. enthusiastically in<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan anda maadiri vishayattile iiTupaaTu koLvadille. aanaa adukku edira enakku oNNuyille</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't go in for that sort of thing, but I have nothing against it</font><br> 1) (iiTupaTu ~(sh intr)~) 1 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(kalandu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> participate; take part in, as a competition, workshop, contest, etc.<br> , , <br> <font size=+1>naan verriyaTaintaalum cari illaiyinaalum cari, enakku kavalai illai, naan urcaakatukkaaka kalantu koNTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I went in for the excitement of it, and didn't care if I won or not</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(meerkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> adopt, as an interest, a hobby, etc.; undertake or attempt, as to acquire a hobby, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan kalluuriyile irundappoo naaTakamum icaiyum meerkoNTu paTitteen, aanaa pirahu adile aarvam pooyviTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When I was in college, I went in more for drama and music, but then I lost interest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alasippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> examine analytically; look into, as minute details; discuss<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide naama innum konjam alasippaaka veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to go into this in a little more detail</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meerkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> undertake or take up, as o's study, responsibility, work, etc.; opt for<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kuTumbattule ellaarum maruttuvatte meerkoNTaanga, aanaa avan maTTum raaNuvate teerndeTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody in his family went into medicine, but he opted for the military</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(noze)</font> 2b intr <br> enter, take up or get into, as a job, a profession, etc.; get into, as a room, a building, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu tanne puurtti paTuttumuNu neneccu avan vinjnjaana tureyule nozenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went into science because he thought it would satisfy him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(visaari)</font> 6b tr <br> (of police, etc.) examine, inspect, investigate<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? kaaval ture ide romba nallaa visaarikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Believe me, the police will go into this very thoroughly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go near</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungu)</font> 3 intr <br> come closer; move nearer; approach<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ava tii maadiri nerungaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>She is like fire, don't go near her!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> leave off; stop taking, give up, as a medication, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>vaiyooksaale ?? varalaamuNu kaNTupiTikkapaTTadum avan ade eTuppade niruttiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went off Vioxx after it was found to possibly cause heartattacks</font><br> 1) (niNNuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niNNuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> stop; cease operation, as water supply, power supply, etc.; cease functioning, as a clock, a machine, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>minsaaram sumaaru aaru maNikku tiTiruNu niNNuTTu naLLiravu vare tirumbi varale</font><br> <font size=+1>The power went off suddenly around 6 p.m. and didn't come back on until midnight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuungiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (Brit. only:) fall asleep; doze off, drop off; zone out<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan tuunga moyarci senjeen, aanaa naLLiravukku apuradaan tuungiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was trying to get to sleep but I didn't go off until after midnight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b intr <br> explode, as a gun, a volcano, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tuppaakki edirpaaraamal veTiccadu, aanaa yaarukkum aTippaTale</font><br> <font size=+1>The gun went off accidentally, but nobody was hurt</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(keLambu)</font> 3 intr <br> leave; depart<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan sumaar ombadu maNikku keLambinaan, naan tuunga pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>He went off around 9 p.m. and I went to bed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(aNenjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be turned off, as a lamp; be put out or extinguished, as fire<br> , , <br> <font size=+1>viLakkum aNenjuTTadu, veLiccamum illei, adanaale naan yaarum paakkaama viTTukkulle puhundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>The lamp went off and the light was gone, so I crept into the house unseen</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7i <br> happen; take place<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>neettu raatiri ellaam nallappaTiyaa naTandadaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Well, did things go off well last night?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> ring, as a bell, etc.; strike, as a clock; sound, as an alarm, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNikki kaale aaru maNikku kaTihaara mani aTiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The alarm clock went off at 6 this morning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go off (well)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandeeru)</font> 3 intr <br> come to pass, come off, go off, accomplished (be); proceed as planned or hoped for<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa pudu kaTTaTat terappu vizaa romba serappaa poona bodan kezame naTandu muTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The opening ceremony of their new building last Wednesday went off very nicely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7i <br> behave, act; happen, take place; (of activities) get along, get on<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enna naTakkadu inge?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's going on here?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandu vaa)</font> 2ci <br> behave or act continually in a certain manner<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan avane nirutta conneen, aanaa avan appaTiyee naTanduTTu varaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I asked him to stop, but he just goes on doing it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(peesikkiTTee poo)</font> 3b intr <br> chatter; keep talking; run on<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan avaLe nirutta conneen, aanaa ava peecikkiTTee pooraa</font><br> <font size=+1>I asked her to stop, but she just goes on and on</font><br> 1) (munnukku vaa) 2ci<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ? ?</B> <font size=+1>(kehaz)</font> 2 intr <br> happen; take place<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>neettu raattiri tiTTattin paTi nekazndadaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Well, did things go on as planned last night?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eriya aarambi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of lights) be switched on; be lit; begin to burn<br> <br> <font size=+1>I turned on the power, but the lights didn't go on</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of time) pass, pass by<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaL poohappooha avanooTa peecuvadu kaTimamaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>As time went on, it became increasingly difficult to talk to him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(eyanga toTangu)</font> 3i <br> start to function, as an engine, a machine, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii suvicce tiruppinaa mincaaram eyanga toTangum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you flip this switch, the power will go on</font><br> 1) (vaLavaLa-NNu peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go on (at, about s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(collik koNTee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> go on at; keep complaining; keep scolding; keep commenting or criticizing<br> .<br> <font size=+1>ide patti solli kiTTee irukkaadee.</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't go on and on about it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooykkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> go on; continue in a certain way<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu ippaTiyee pooykiTTirukka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Things can't go on like this.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meelee sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> continue with what one has been saying; pick up again after an interruption<br> , . ?<br> <font size=+1>sari, meelee sollu. nii enna sollikkiTTu irundee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Yes, go on. What were you saying?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go on (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaariyatte paaru)</font> 6 tr, tr <br> go on with; continue an activity without stopping; resume an activity after a stop<br> , ?? <br> <font size=+1>sari, naama ?? munne senjikkiTTirunda kaariyatte paakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Okay, let's go on with what we were doing before the interruption</font><br> 1) (veeleye paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go one better</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihamaa eelam keeLu)</font> 5b tr, intr <br> outbid another in an auction<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan ainuurukku keeTTeen, aanaa avan oNNu adihamaa eelam keeTTu paTatte vaanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I bid 500, but he went one better, and got the painting</font><br> 1) (adiha velekki keeLu) 5b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(adiha nallaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do s.t. better; go beyond what others have done; excel<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan reNTu more skoor senjeen, aanaa avan enneviTa adihamaa nallaa senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to score twice, but he went one better</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooyviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> fade out, as popularity, glamor, etc.; come to an end, as a fashion, a practice, etc.; be no longer in vogue, as a custom, a belief, etc.; leave office, as a government or a party; end, as a month, ye<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>That has kind of gone out, now, since the war.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niNNu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> cease to function, as a fan, a machine, an engine, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu tiTiruNNu appaTiyee niNNu pooyiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The damn thing went out on me, just like that</font><br> 1) (aNinj-iTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaviznduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of a government) lose office; fail to be returned; be toppled<br> <br> <font size=+1>suves piraccinekkapuroo aracaangam kaviznduTTadaale puducca teerudalkaL naTatta veeNTiyadaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>That government went out after the Suez crisis, and new elections had to be held</font><br> 1) (niNNuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go out to; travel, as to a nearby village, a distant city, a foreign country, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? kaalattile makkaL indiyaavukku poovadai patti peecunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the colonial days, people spoke of going "out" to India</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aNenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> stop burning, as a light, a fire, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jermanikkaaranga piliTce tuTanginapoo biriTTanile mincaara veLakkellam aNenju poonadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The lights went out in Britain when the Germans started the Blitz</font><br> 1) (veLiye keLambu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyee poo)</font> 3b intr <br> leave, as o's house for a walk, for a friendly chat, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan naayooTa naTakka veLiyee pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I went out for a walk with the dog</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go out (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTa suttu)</font> 3 intr <br> go round with; go together with<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan pannaNTu vayasuleeyee peNkaL kuuTa sutta tuTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He started going out with girls when he was just twelve</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> change, as o's religion, political party, etc.; change, as from o's religion, party, etc. to another<br> j <br> <font size=+1>kaTanda pala varushngaLaa ten maanilangaLin jananaayaka kaTciye seentavanga kuTiyaracu kaTcikku maari irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some southern Democrats have gone over to the Republican Party in recent decades.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go; go across, as to someplace<br> <br> <font size=+1>saamangale vele kurevaa vaanguvaduNNaa aatte kaTandu veere maanilattukku poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Go over the river to another state if you want to buy stuff cheaper</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(madam maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> change o's religion; convert<br> . ~ /11~ <br> <font size=+1>sela aaprikka amirakkarkaL slaamiya madatukku madam maari irukkaanga. aanaa ~L/11~kkaproo adu kurenji irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Some African-Americans have gone over to Islam, but not so much after 9/11</font><br> 1) (kacci taavu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTci maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> change o's political party<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>raNTaayirattile naTanda teerudalukkaproo ?? kaTci maarinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The moderates went over to the other party after the election of 2000</font><br> 1) (pooy-iTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (taavu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be accepted or received favorably; be favorably impressive<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ingee avan appaTi peecalaam, aanaa naTTule enga pahudiyile adu eTupaTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He can talk like that around here, but in our part of the country it doesn't go over very well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> scan; look at; examine, as a list for a purpose, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paTTiyale paattu nii edaavadu viTTuviTTadu irukkaaNu paakkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll go over the list and see if there's anything you left out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go over (and over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> say s.t. again; repeat, as a set of instructions, an explanation, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan ade tirumba tirumba sonneen. aanaa avanukku adu puriyaville</font><br> <font size=+1>I went over and over it, but he just doesn't seem to get it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look at or examine again, as a house for purchase, an article for precision, etc.; review<br> j <br> <font size=+1>viiTu engalukku nejamaakavee piTiccirukkaaNu paarppadukaaha naanga viiTTe tirumba paattoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We went over the house again to see if we really liked it</font><br> 1) (marubaTiyum sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go over (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooy paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> go and see; visit and look at or examine, as a factory, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooy paattaproo nii enna nenekkireeNu enakku collu</font><br> <font size=+1>Go over and have a look and then tell me what you think</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go shares (cf. see go halves)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(turuvi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> repeat instructions; read line by line<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan ide unnooTu turuvi paakkireen. adanaale nama ellaarukkum idu purindukkollum</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll go through this with you in detail, so we all understand it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anubavi)</font> 6b tr <br> experience or suffer, as hardships, etc.<br> . ?? <br> <font size=+1>sunaamiyaal avanga nereya anupaviccaanga. aanaa innum ellaam ?? tirumbale</font><br> <font size=+1>They went through a lot with the Tsunami, but things still haven't returned to normal</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eerkappaTu)</font> 4i <br> be approved officially; be accepted, as a plan, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tiTTam eerkappaTTu, aracaangattaale caTTamaakkappaTTu seyalpaTuttappaTTatu</font><br> <font size=+1>The plan went through, was enacted into law by the government, and implemented</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> finish, complete; get to the end of; use up, as money, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa paNatteyellam muTittuviTTu adukkaproo tirumpavandu innum nereya paNam keekkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went through all his money, and then came back and asked for more!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(oru vaziyaa muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> get through with; persevere with to the end; complete s.t. with difficulty<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maattade oru vaziyaa muTiccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We went through hell with this move, but in the end it worked out all right.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(nereya padippu kaTanduTu)</font> 4tr <br> (of a book) be published or sold out in several editions or reprints<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puttaham ancu padippukkaLe kaTanduviTTu innum acciTappaTukiradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The book went through five editions, and is still being reprinted</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(tii(r)ttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> use up; deplete; spend completely<br> <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe irundadeyellaam tii(r)ttuTTu ippoo otte kaacukkuuTa illaame irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's gone through everything he had, and is now penniless</font><br> 1) (paatt-iru) 7 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> attend, as a school, college, etc.; visit or take part in, as a party, a meeting, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan raNTu varusham suvaattumoorukku pooyyiTTu apuram pennukku maattiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went to Swarthmore for two years, then switched to Penn.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go to bed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTukka poo)</font> 3b intr <br> retire; go to sleep<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ombadu maNikku paTukka pooyyiTTu edeyum keekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>He went to bed and 9:00 and didn't hear a thing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go to great/considerable expense</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeraaLamaa selavu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> spend a lot of money; spend lavishly (usu. in vain)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa ammaappaa avane paTikkavakka eeraaLamaa selavu senjapuram avan paTa tayaarippaaLaraa aaka muTivu senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>His parents went to great expense to get him educated, and then he decided to become a film-maker!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go to pieces</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> break up mentally; be broken-hearted<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa kuzante settupoonadum ava manam oTenju poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>After the death of her child, she just went to pieces</font><br> 1) (iTinji poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go to s.o.'s head</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(talekki eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> (of intoxication, pride, etc.) affect the head of<br> <br> <font size=+1>vesham avan talekkeericci</font><br> <font size=+1>The poison went to his head.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go to seed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(melinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become weak physically; become lean or emaciated; become run down, shabby<br> <br> <font size=+1>check verb</font><br> <font size=+1>The center of Detroit has gone to seed, and everybody who can has left</font><br> 1) (melinji poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLa(r)ndu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become physically or mentally weak; become feeble<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avan taLandu pooyyi ippoo edoo oru paalattukku kiizee vaazuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went to seed and just lives under a bridge now somewhere</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go to sleep</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuunga poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go to bed; retire, as for the night; go to o's room, as for a nap, siesta, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLekku kaaleyile ciikkiramaa eTumpuvatukkaaha naan iNNukku raattiri cikkiramaa tuunga pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going go to to sleep early tonight, so I can get up early tomorrow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go to the bar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vakkiilaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (Brit.) become an advocate, a lawyer, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan aakspooTilirundu vandapuro avan vakkiilukku paTiccu siranda vakkiilaa aanaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After he came down from Oxford, he went to the bar and became a successful solicitor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go to the trouble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siramappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> take a lot of trouble for s.o.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan siramappaTTu avanukku veele vaangi koTutteen. avan veeleye viTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I went to all the trouble of getting him a job, and then he quit.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of two things) go with each other; be harmonious; suit; match<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ive iraNTum poruttamaa irukirana, illeyaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The two of them go well together, don't you think</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(esenjiru)</font> 7i <br> be harmonious; be appropriate; suit; match<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda areyin nirangaL esenjiruppadaa naan nenekkureen. aanaa ennooTa manavi appaTi nenekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I think the colors of that room go well together, but my wife doesn't</font><br> 1) (meeccaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go under</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moTinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of business) break down; fail<br> - <br> <font size=+1>TaaT-kaam vizundapuram avanooTa varttakam moTintu poonadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His business went under after the dot-com collapse</font><br> 1) (nasinji poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (paTuttuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muzuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> sink; founder, as a ship, a business enterprise, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaiTaanik kappal panikkaTTiyile mooti muzuhiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Titanic went under after colliding with an iceberg</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> increase or rise, as price, value, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTanda sela maadangaLaa peTrool vele eeriyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Petroleum prices have gone up and up in recent months</font><br> 1) (kuuTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> come into existence; be built, as houses, flats, etc.<br> d <br> <font size=+1>inda vaTTaarattile nereya pudu viiTukaL uNTaahi irukirana</font><br> <font size=+1>Lots of new houses have gone up in the area recently</font><br> 1) (oyaru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go up (in flames, smoke, etc.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> blow up; explode; destroy by exploding<br> <font size=+1>The whole enterprise went up in smoke after the dot-com collapse</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(erinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be destroyed in fire<br> <br> <font size=+1>raTTai goopurangal maTTumallaama pala kaTTiTangaLum erinju pooyina</font><br> <font size=+1>Many buildings went up in flames, not just the twin towers</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go with (cf. go along with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go along (with); agree (with); be in agreement (with)<br> , <br> <font size=+1>unnooTa tiTTam naTakkaatuNNu naan neneppadaale, naan avanooTa ottuppooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going with him on this, because I don't think your idea will fly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttamaayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> match; suit; be harmonious or appropriate; see go together<br> ?? ?<br> <font size=+1>sivappu ?? miiNNooTa poruttamaayirukkaaduNNu unakku teriyaada?</font><br> <font size=+1>The red wine doesn't go with the fish, don't you know that?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> come with, be obtained or gained (with)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uTaiye vaangunaa kaaLnaTaikaL adanooTa ilavasamaa vanduTum</font><br> <font size=+1>When you buy this outfit, these shoes go with it at no extra charge</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> keep company with, accompany; go out with, as a girl or boy friend<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan pattu varushangaLaa oree peN kuuTa pooyyikiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's been going with the same woman for 10 years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go with the tide/times</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?? ?</B> <font size=+1>(??rku takkapaTi naTandu poo)</font> behave in tune with the times; act in accordance with existing customs, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nii kaalattuku takkapaTi naTandu pookaNum. adanaale nii kaNTipaa oru kaNipporuL peTTi vaangaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to go with the times, so you really need to get a computer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go without</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(illaama tavi)</font> 6b intr <br> do without, suffer, as from the lack of sleep, food, money, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en vaLarum kaalattil naangal nereya poruLkaL illaama taviccom</font><br> <font size=+1>We went without a lot of things when I was growing up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(illaama pooha veeNTiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> lack or endure the lack of, as money, food, etc.; experience deprivation of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam illaadadaale naanga sela camayangaLile caappaaTu illaama pooha veeNTiyirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We had to go without food sometimes, for lack of money</font><br> 1) (illaame kashTa-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(illaama kazi)</font> 6b intr, tr <br> do without, pass (time) without, as sleep, food, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane kaNTupiTikkumvare raNTu naaLaa tuukkamillaama kaziccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We went without sleep for two days until we found him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go, let</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleye viTTu anuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dismiss from service; fire; cease to employ<br> , <br> <font size=+1>muppadu varushangal veelec ceydapuram, tanga kaTikaramum kuuTayillaama avar veeleye viTTu anuppiTappaTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He was let go after 39 years of service, without even a gold watch</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTudale seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> free; set free; set at liberty<br> , <br> <font size=+1>irudiyil, Ti en ee aadaaramedum illaadadaale avane viTudale senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Finally, he was let go, based on lack of DNA evidence</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pooha solliTu)</font> 4 tr <br> order s.o. to quit; fire; dismiss<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tiruTiyadaa kaNTupiTikkapaTTadum mudalaali avane pooka solliTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss let him go after he was discovered to have been stealing</font><br> 1) (viTTuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poohaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release o's hold or grasp and allow s.o. to go<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avane piTittuveykka muyarci senjeen, aanaa muTiyaama tayakattuTan poohaviTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to hold on to him, but I couldn't, and reluctantly let go</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi niikku)</font> 3 trr <br> release o's grasp or hold<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii unooTa piTiye niikki un kozandekaLe avangaLuTeya muTive avangaLe eTukka viTu</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to let go and let your children make their own decisions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiye eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take o's hands off; release o's grasp<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>kaiye eTu, illeenaa naan poolise kuuppiTuveen!</font><br> <font size=+1>Let go of me, or I'll call the police!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go, let o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((tanne) maranduTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow o.s. to get out of hand, forget standards, go to seed, to pot, to the dogs, to hell in a hand-basket<br> <br> <font size=+1>adukkapuram avan tanneyee maranduTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just let himself go to the dogs after that</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>go, let oneself</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNarcci vasappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> lose control of o.s.; let the feelings take over; be beside o.s., as with anger, etc.; succumb to feelings<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>avan ideppatti oNarcci vasappaTu tanneyee ? ilandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lost control of himself and let himself go crazy over this</font><br> 1) (keTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>goad</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> urge; incite; spur into; spur on<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan ade senjirukkavee maaTTeen. aanaa avanga enne tuuNTiviTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>I would never have done it, but they just goaded me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taarkkucci pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drive or prod with a goad; apply the goad to, as a buffalo, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jallikkaTTu maidaanattile taarkkucci pooTTu kaaLekaLe veruppeetti viTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the bullfight ring, they goad the bull with sharp spears to get it angry</font><br> 1) (tuuNTi viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> spur, as a horse, etc.; urge or drive, as an ox, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudirekaL rombavum soorndu irundaalum naan avaikaLe muTukkiviTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I goaded the horse onward, even though it was very tired</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gobble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(labak labakkNNuu vizungu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> gulp; devour; swallow or eat noisily and hastily; eat like an animal<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru mirukattemaadiri avan saappaaTTe labak labakkNNu vizunginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just gobbled the food down like a wild animal</font><br> 1) (gabak gabakk-NNu muzungu) 3 tr, intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gobble down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaari koTTi koo@(sh tr & intr)@)</font> 1 tr, intr <br> eat quickly; swallow hastily; devour<br> . ??<br> <font size=+1>Don't gobble your food down like that, you'll choke!</font><br> 1) ~(1 & )~ (aLLi koTTikkoo) 4 tr, intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gobble up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizungiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> consume, use up<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>ulakattin ?? ellaam yu es vizungiviTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Microsoft has gobbled up all its competitors; the US gobbles up most of the world's resources.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>god-forsaken, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paridaabamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be pitiable or wretched; be awful, dreary, sad<br> j . <br> <font size=+1>inda iTam nijamaakavee paridaabamaa irukkudu. ingirundu pooha naan kaattukkiTTu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>This is truly a god-forsaken place, and I can't wait to get out of here</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naacamaakap poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be wretched, desolate, neglected or damned; be undesirable, as a place; be out of the way, remote<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii een inda naacamaakap poona uurile vaaznduTTu irukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you living in this god-forsaken village?</font><br> 1) (paazaaha poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>goggle (cf. also gape)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vericcu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> gawk at; stare or gaze at, in surprise, astonishment, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vipattu eerpaTTaal, matta ooTTunarkaLellaam niNNu vipattu kaacciye vericcup paarpaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When there's an accident, the other drivers stop and goggle at the scene</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNgaLe uruTTi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look or gaze with rolling eyes<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanukku ericcal vandaa avan kaNgaLe uruTTi paarppaan. aanaa mudalaali ade paarkaame paartukkuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he's exasperated, he goggles his eyes, but doesn't let the boss see him doing it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moreccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> stare at; gawk at<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avale morecci paataan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just goggled at her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gone, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niingu)</font> 3 intr <br> be released from; get out of; be free from<br> <br> <font size=+1>enooTa tunbamellaam inimee niingiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>All my troubles will be gone after this</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>good, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arumeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of things) be excellent, splendid or first-rate; be pleasant or agreeable<br> , " !"<br> <font size=+1>Taikar uuTs solluvateppoola, "ellaam arumeyaa irukku!"</font><br> <font size=+1>As Tiger Woods says, "It's all good!"</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be current or valid, as a coin, a bill, etc.; be legal, as a deed of title, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda paNam pookumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is this money good?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTTam aLi)</font> 6i <br> be nutritious, healthful or beneficial, as fruit, milk, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>muzu taaniyangaL namakku uuTTam aLikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Whole grains are supposed to be good for you</font><br> 1) (nalam paya) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nallaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) be fair or good-looking; be healthy; (of things) be fair, pleasant or fine; be of high quality<br> <br> <font size=+1>This is good stuff, and it looks good, too</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(yookkiyamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) be honest; be virtuous<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan yookkiyamaa irukkaan. naaL poola neermeyaanavan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a good and virtuous person, honest as the day is long</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>goof</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTattanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a silly mistake; do a silly thing; make a goof; blunder; mess up<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade nalla colla naan muyarcippanune aanaa maTattanam senjiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to say it nicely but I goofed</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (muTTaL tanam seyyi (paNNu)) 2at (\3ta)<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>goof (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(kurumbu (vishamam) paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> play pranks; behave mischievously, lark about; make silly mistakes<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda payyan eppavum kurumbu paNNikkiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's always goofing off (around).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>goof around, off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa pozudu pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> kill time; waste time; while away time without working; do silly things, do useless pranks<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga summaa pozudu pookkiTTu irundoom aanaalum avanukku aTi paTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We were just goofing around, but he got hurt nonetheless</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>goof off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLittiri)</font> 2b intr <br> skip about; prance; gambol; caper; frolic<br> ; .<br> <font size=+1>naaL muzukka tuLLittiriyaade; viiTTukku vandu veele seyyi.</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't goof off all day; come home and do some work.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>goof off (cf. goof around)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> fritter away, as time, money, etc.; waste, as time, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kalluriyile irundapoo oNNum caadikkaama viiNaTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just goofed off in college, and didn't accomplish much before he flunked out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>goof up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> mess up; botch; bungle, screw up, foul up<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nii ade kuzappiTTu tappaakkiTTe!</font><br> <font size=+1>You goofed up, and you bungled the whole thing!</font><br> 1) (keTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gore</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((kombinaale) kutti kizi)</font> 6b tr <br> pierce or wound (with the horns)<br> j ?? ( ) <br> <font size=+1>jallikaTTapoo palacamaiyangaLile ?? kaaLeyin (kombinaale) kutti kizikkappaTuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>In bullfighting, the matador often gets gored by the bull</font><br> 1)( ) ((kombaale) kutt-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gorge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muzungu)</font> 3 tr <br> eat or swallow greedily; stuff o.s.; gobble up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan palakaarangaLe muzunginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just gorged himself on sweets and greasy foods</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toNTe aTekka saappiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> choke up; stuff o.s. up with food; eat greedily and fully<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saapaTTe toNTe aTekka saappiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gorged himself on rich foods</font><br> 1) (tinnu) 5c tr<br> 2) (vayiru muTTa saappiTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gorge o.s. with, on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mukku)</font> 3 tr <br> eat voraciously or in large mouthfuls; eat greedily; glut on<br> -- <br> <font size=+1>avan oru saappaaTTu raaman -- ovvoru veeLeyum mukki mukki saappiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a glutton--gorges himself at every meal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gorgeous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLadaLaNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people, esp. women) be plump and full; be splendid or sumptuous in appearance; be glittering<br> <br> <font size=+1>akkaTami virutu vizaavapoo taLadaLaNNu irukkum paTa naTcattirangal irundana</font><br> <font size=+1>There were some gorgeous movie stars at the Academy Awards</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLi)</font> 6i <br> be enjoyable, frolicsome, or extremely pleasant, as holidays, vacation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga paaliyile romba siranda neeratte kaLiccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We had a gorgeous time in Bali</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTTahaasamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be splendid, showy or superb; be dazzling or grand<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu oru aTTakaacamaa irukkum naaL. sirappaana kalyaaNa vaibookam</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a gorgeous day and a beautiful sumptuous wedding celebration</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(azahaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be extremely beautiful, attractive<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nereyapeer ava azakaa irukkaaNu nenekkiraanga, aanaa naan appaTi nenekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people think she's gorgeous, but I don't</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gossip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kade peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> talk gossip; exchange idle stories and rumors about other people, their affairs, etc.; tattle<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga eppa paattaalum kade peesiTTi neeratte viinaakkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They're always sitting around gossiping and wasting time</font><br> 1) (araTTaiyaTi) 6 tr<br> 2) (vambaLa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>got(ten), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> be obtained, acquired or received; come into o's possession; be available<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>indamaadiri marundu engee keTekkumNNu unakku teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know where this kind of medication can be gotten?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be obtained, acquired or received; come into o's possession<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>idu ellaa kaitoziL kaTaikaLilum kiTaikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>It can be gotten at any of the stores that sell handicrafts</font><br> 1) (kiTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gouge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungu eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> overcharge s.o., extort high prices from s.o.; engage in price-gouging<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>enraan ?? vileye piTungi eTuppadeppatti namakku pudiya paaTangaLe kattutandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Enron scandal taught us new lessons about price gouging</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> dig or scoop out, as with a spade, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>pucinikkaaye tirakkirapoo ?? videkaLeyum tooNTiyeTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>When you open a pumpkin, you have to gouge and scrape out the pulp and seeds</font><br> 1) (piTungu) 3 tr<br> 2) (koTenju poo @(Nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nooNTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> press or force out, as eyes with thumbs, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ennooTa taleye piTiccikkiTTu enooTa kaNkaLe nooNTiyeTukka muyarci senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He had my head in his grasp and was trying to gouge my eyes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>govern</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaLu)</font> 1 intr, tr <br> lead; control; reign; govern<br> <br> <font size=+1>asookar naaTTe romba serappaa aaNTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Asoka governed his lands very well.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> control; hold in check; restrain<br> <br> <font size=+1>naam kacakacavin vizeccale kaTTuppaTuttaaviTTaa namakku poodeporuL piraccanekaL kuuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If we don't manage to govern the cultivation of poppies, we'll have more drug problems</font><br> 1) (aacci naTattu) 3 intr, tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTci seluttu)</font> 3 intr, tr <br> exercise the function of government; have a predominant influence; boss<br> <br> <font size=+1>namme poruttavare avanga aaTci seyyaNum marrum kurevaa peecaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need those people to start governing, and do less talking</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTci seyti @(nb tr & intr)@)</font> 1 tr, intr <br> rule, reign; exercise the function of government<br> <br> <font size=+1>piriTishkaaranga indiyaavin sela pahudikaLe muuNNu nuurraaNTukaLukku meele aaTci senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The British governed parts of India for more than three centuries</font><br> 1) (aacci paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vazippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> guide; direct<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>inda tiTTam naama ?? kaiyaaluvade vazippaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>This policy has to govern our handling of immigration</font><br> 1) (aTakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grab</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccukkoo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> seize, make use of, avail o.s. of, as an opportunity<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava bayattule en kaiye balamaa piTiccukiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She grabbed my hand and held it tightly, she was so scared</font><br> 1) (pari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> reach out and catch hold of; seize; apprehend<br> <br> <font size=+1>veehamaa ooTiTTirunda tiruTane avan eTTi puTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reached out and grabbed the thief who was quickly escaping</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> take hold of, seize<br> , . <br> <font size=+1>indaa, ide piTi. enna sappaaTu veeNumoo ade eTuttukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Here, grab this and help yourself to any of the food</font><br> 1) (pari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pattikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> seize; take unfairly; clutch; scoop up; impound<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga summaa pooyyi nelatte pattikkiTTu modalile irundavangaLe veLiyeettinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They just went in and grabbed the land, and dispossessed the former peoples</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> seize; snatch; make a grab at<br> <br> <font size=+1>pandu enniTam vanduTTirundappoo ade naan piTunga muyarcisenjeen aanaa kaittavariTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ball was coming at me and I tried to grab it, but missed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grab (s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr 3 pn + dat <br> be agreeable, appealing; attract and hold the attention and loyalty of s.o.<br> . . . <br> <font size=+1>ti.mu.ka. koLhe enakku romba nallaa piTikkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The principles of the DMK party really grab me!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grab at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parikka paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> try to snatch; try to get s.t. by snatching<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ennakku viicappaTTa paiye naan parikka paatteen. piTittu viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I grabbed at the bag being thrown at me, and caught it</font><br> 1) (puTunga paaru) 6 tr<br> 2) (piTikka paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grab up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaippaTru)</font> 3 tr <br> acquire or take unfairly or illegally<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>coviyattu yuuniyan ?? selar sotukaLeyum vaaypukaLeyum aniyaayamaa kaippaTrinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the Soviet Union collapsed, some people unfairly grabbed up property and resources.</font><br> 1) (abahari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azahupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> beautify; deck; decorate<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu muzudum azakaana puukkaLaalum puumaalekaLaalum azahupaTuttapaTTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole ensemble was graced with beautiful flowers and garlands</font><br> 1) (alangari) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(serappi)</font> 6b tr <br> honor, esteem or favor, as with o's presence<br> <br> <font size=+1>niingaL enga veLaavukku serappipiingaNu naan nambureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I hope you will come and grace our party with your presence?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>graceful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nayamaa iru)</font> 7i <br> (of speech, etc.) be elegant; be pleasant; be nice<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava poocum vitam eppavum naLinamaavum nayamaavum irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Her way of speaking is elegant and graceful at all times</font><br> 1) (azahaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naLinamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be beautiful, fair or elegant<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava andta naTTiyatte aaTiyappoo avaLooTa acaivukaL ellaam sariyaavum naLinamaavum irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her movements were precise and graceful, as she executed the dance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gracious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruL puri)</font> 2i <br> (of people) be benevolent, kind or compassionate; (of god) be merciful or compassionate<br> <font size=+1>change eg. s?</font><br> <font size=+1>It was very gracious of you to agree to speak</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karuNe seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be benign, benevolent or compassionate; be merciful or forgiving<br> ? . <br> <font size=+1>avan koobamaavum paLivangum mananeleyil iruppaaNNu naan edirppaatteen. aanaa avan rompavum karuNe senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I expected him to be angry and vindictive, but he was very gracious</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> correct or value, as test papers<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga poona vaaram paricce taaLkaLe tiruttinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We've been grading the exams for the last week</font><br> 1) (taravaariyaa piri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taram piri)</font> 6b tr <br> separate into different levels of quality, etc.; sort; class; arrange in grades<br> <br> <font size=+1>poruLooTa tarattaalum toorrattaalum nii ade taram piriccu moocamaanade ellam velakkiviTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to grade the product by quality and appearance, and discard the really bad ones</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tara nirNayam paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> determine or evaluate the grade or quality of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inge vaLarum aappil ellaam eettumadi seyyapaTuvadukku munnaale tara nirNayam paNNapaTutu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the apples grown here are graded before being exported</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(gree{\d d} pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> assign a grade to, as a student's work; mark, as an answer script, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>taaLkaLe gree{\d d} pooTa enakku udavi teeve. nereya taaLkaL irukkirana</font><br> <font size=+1>I need help grading the papers, there are so many of them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taram piri)</font> 6b tr <br> separate into different levels of quality, etc.; sort; class; arrange in grades<br> <br> <font size=+1>poruLin tarattaalum toorrattaalum nii atai taram pirittu moocamaanavaikaLai vilakkiviTaveeNTum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to grade the product by quality and appearance, and discard the really bad ones</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gradual, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTippaTiyaa erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> descend at a moderate inclination, as a slope<br> <br> <font size=+1>palavarushangaLaa tarattille paTippaTiyaa erangikiTTu varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>There has been a gradual decline in standards over the years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(konjam gonjamaa maaru)</font> 3i <br> change slowly, gradually, little by little<br> ?? , <br> <font size=+1>?? konjam konjamaa maarikiTTirundadu, aanaa samibattille eeri irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Global warming has been gradual, but it has increased recently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTippaTiyaa eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> ascend at a moderate inclination, as a slope<br> <br> <font size=+1>raakkiis maleye kaTanttadum rooTu paTippaTiyaa eerudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The road rises in a gradual incline as we cross the Rockies</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTippaTiyaa naTa)</font> 7i <br> happen or take place step by step<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu paTippaTiyaa naTandadu. aanaalum ade aLakkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>It's been gradual, but it can be measured</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(mella mella eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> happen or change little by little; come about slowly<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu meduvaa naTanducci. aanaa niir nele mella mella irangi irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It happened very slowly, but gradually the water levels have declined</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>graduate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTadaariyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to be a graduate; confer a degree upon; grant a degree to<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nanga poona semesTTar ainuuru maanavangaLe paTTadaariyaakkinoom. adu kurippiTatakkadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We graduated 500 students this last semester, which is a record</font><br> 1) (paTTam kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTam vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> obtain or receive a first degree such as B.A., B.Sc., etc. at a college or university<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>eppa Pennle paTTam vaanguniinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>When did you graduate from Penn?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(aLave (aLaviiTu) seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> mark with divisions, degrees, or other lines of measurement<br> <font size=+1>We need to graduate the whole site into sections of a grid, so we can keep track of the work</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTadaariyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become a graduate, taking a first degree such as B.A., B.Sc., etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan aayirattu toLaayirattu aruvatille pi ee moziyiyal paTTattuTan paTTadaariyaaneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I graduated in 1960, with a B.A. in Linguistics</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>graft</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> join; make a graft on a plant<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda aapil marattile, adukkumeele oTTavaykkapaTTuLLa naangu veeruveeru aapil vakaikaL irukkirana</font><br> <font size=+1>This apple tree consists of 4 different varieties of apples that have been grafted onto it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(lanjam vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> obtain or receive money through deceit, graft, bribery, kickbacks, money-laundering, etc.; practice graft, bribery, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>He obtained the money illegally, committing graft, bribery, and extortion</font><br> 1) (oTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>graft?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTuppooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> graft, as a plant for propogation<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTTuppooTTu vaLatta maamara vahe nereye irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There are many varieties of mango trees created by grafting.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grand, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(unnadamaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be splendid or first-rate; be high in rank, etc.; be lofty; (ironic;) be less than what was hoped for<br> <br> <font size=+1>We had a grand old time in Europe, visiting all the sights</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kambiiramaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be majestic or stately; be imposing in size or appearance; be grandiloquent, speak with excessive praise, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan kambiiramaa irukkum tiTTangaLe patti peecinaan. aanaa aduku yaar paNam kaTTapooraangaNu enakku teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He spoke of all these grand, wonderful projects, but I don't know who's going to pay for them.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grandstand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarppaaTTam paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> conduct o.s. with boisterous display; behave with useless display; play to the crowd<br> j <br> <font size=+1>janaadibadi kuzandekaLe muttamiTumpoodum niidipadikaLe taakkumpoodum aarppaaTTam paNNuraaruNNu naan nenekkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think the President is grandstanding when he kisses babies and attacks judges</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (aarppaaTTam seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(? aLi @(rb tr)@, kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give, bestow, accord, endow<br> <br> <font size=+1>palhalekkazaha maaniyakkuzu indiya naaTTule irukkra ellaa palhalekkazahangaLukkum nidi kuTukkudu (aLikkradu?)</font><br> <font size=+1>The University Grants Commission grants funds to all the universities in India</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ottukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> concede; accept, as for the sake of argument; agree; consent<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii solvadu sariiNNu naan ottukkreen, aanaa konjam maattangaLe veeNumuNNu naan ippavum nenekkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I grant that what you say is correct, but I still think there's some improvement called for</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aruLu)</font> 3 tr <br> give graciously; bestow compassionately; accede to a superior<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>naan avanukku avanooTa ?? aruLineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I granted him his wish</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (oppukkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) (esevaLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give; bestow; confer<br> <br> <font size=+1>ingilaandu mannan villiyam pennukku pencilveeniyavaa aana iTattile periya sottu koTuttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The King of England granted William Penn a large amount of land in what became Pennsylvania</font><br> 1) (vazangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>graph</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varepaTam vare)</font> 2tr <br> draw or represent by a graph<br> <font size=+1>I graphed the variables on the chart, and there's a clear correlation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) x </B> <font size=+1>(graaf pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> draw a graph; do a sum on a graphsheet<br> x <br> <font size=+1>nii ekcel paTiccaa unnaale nallaa graaf pooTa muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you learn Excel, you can do very nice graphs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grapple</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch; seize; lay hold of<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga ippoo paLLikkuuTam kaTTanangaL vishayatte piTittukkiTTu irukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are grappling with the issue of school payments right now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(irukki piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> grab tightly; take firm hold of; hold firmly or tightly<br> , <br> <font size=+1>malyuttattile, nii un ediriye irukki piTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>In wrestling, you often grapple with your opponent</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grapple with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTi piTiccu pooraaTu)</font> 3 intr, tr <br> hold and struggle, as with a person<br> <br> <font size=+1>vemaana kaTattalkaaran vemaanatte viTTu erangiyappoo adikaarihaL avane kaTTi piTiccu pooraaTi kaidu senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the hijacker got out of the plane, agents grappled with him and detained him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooraaTu)</font> 3 intr, tr <br> work hard, struggle or cope, as with a problem, etc.; contend or struggle, as with a person<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan pooraaTaveeNTiya piraccanekaL nereya irundana</font><br> <font size=+1>He's had a lot of problems to struggle and grapple with</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTi poraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> roll together with s.o. in a struggle<br> . <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan ennooTa parse piTingiyappoo naan viTTukoTukkale. adanaale naangaL tareyile kaTTi puraLndoom</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't give up when the mugger grabbed my wallet, so we ended up grappling with each other on the ground</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grasp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch; seize; lay hold of<br> <br> <font size=+1>selasamangaLile oru poruLae eTTamuTiyum aanaa ade piTikka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Sometimes you can reach something, but you can't grasp it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(irukki piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> grab tightly; hold firmly or tightly<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kaipiTiye irukki piTi, ade viTTuviTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Grasp hold of the handle here, and don't let go</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be eager to catch or seize, as a chance, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sandarppam vandappoo naan ade piTiccu koLLa aarvamaa irundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>When the opportunity presented itself, I was keen to grasp it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(purinju koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> understand; comprehend<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avar ade enakku viLakki kuurinaar, aanaalum ennaale ade purinjikka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>He explained it in detail, but I just couldn't grasp it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grasp at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch at; reach out and seize; try to take hold of; reach in vain for<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe nalla viLakkamille. avan summaa edeyoo eTTi piTikkiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He hasn't got a good explanation, he's just grasping at straws.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grassy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pullu mayamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be covered with grass; be overgrown with grass<br> <br> <font size=+1>saaleyin naTuvile pullu mayamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a grassy plot there in the middle of the road</font><br> 1) (pullu moLeccikeTa) 7i<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(turuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> scrape, as carrots, coconuts, etc.; rub or reduce to small pieces, as cheese, beetroot, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>ammuleTTille pooTa naan ?? turuviTTu irundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was grating cheese to put in the omelette</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaade toLe)</font> 6 tr <br> be harsh or jarring on the ears<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela pudu icaiyellaam en kaade tuLekkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Some of that new music just grates on my ears</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grateful</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nanri navilu)</font> 1tr <br> express or be expressive of gratitude<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku koTutta odavikku avan rombavum nanri navilukiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was very grateful for the help that he was given</font><br> 1) (nanRi oTevaraa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gratify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandoosham kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give pleasure to; give satisfaction to<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ivvulavu munneerram senjirukke enbad paarkka enakku sandoosham koTukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It gratifies me to see that you have made such progress</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> satisfy, as o's desires, appetites, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>un aaseye ellam appavee tiirttukka teeveyille, terinjukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>You don't have to gratify all of your desires instantly, you know.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gratifying, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruptiyaaka iru)</font> 7 intr 3pn + dat <br> be satisfying; be pleasing<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veshayatte patti keekka enakku tiruptiyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's gratifying to hear about this news (matter).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gravitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iirkkappaTTu poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> move under the influence of gravitational force or of attraction<br> <br> <font size=+1>puducaa kaNTupiTikkappaTTa kirakam sutturapoo periya kirakangaLukku pakkam iirkkappaTTuc pookudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The new planet that was discovered gravitates toward some of the larger planets during its orbit</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavarappaTu)</font> 4i <br> be attracted; be drawn under the influence or attraction of<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>People tend to gravitate towards the person with power and influence</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gravitate to, toward</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go for; be attracted and move to; be drawn and move to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppavum areyile iruppavangaLile rompavum azakaa iruppavare teeTi poovaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He always gravitates towards the most attractive person in the room</font><br> 1) (nookki poo ~(Nb intr)~) 1 intr<br> 2) (naaTi poo ~(Nb intr)~) 1 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaz)</font> 2i <br> sink; go down, as towards the bottom of a river, of a glass of water, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>taNNiir, ade enda paattirattile veccirundaalum adan aTiyile aazndu pooha seykiradu</font><br> <font size=+1>Cold water tends to gravitate to the bottom of whatever container it's in</font><br> 1) (paTi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall, as a leaf towards the earth; come down under the influence of gravitation<br> ?? ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? olakkatin ?? eTTiyadum adu kizee vizundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the comit reached earth's orbit, it just gravitated down and crashed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nare)</font> 6b intr <br> (of hair) become gray, pale or whitish<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa muTi nare vizundu avan vayacaanadeppoola teriyuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>His hair has grayed and he looks older</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayir veLu)</font> 6 intr 3pn + dat <br> be or become gray-haired<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gray, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLu)</font> 6 intr <br> (of hair) be or become gray; (of face) be or become white, as with fear, illness, etc.; (of color) fade; turn pale or whitish<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan pooyyi seerndappoo avaLooTa mukam vezuttirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her face was ashen and gray when I arrived</font><br> 1) (mayir veLuttu poo) 3 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iruL)</font> 1 intr <br> be or become dark, dismal or gloomy, as the sky, the future, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa varungaalam iruLndu terikiradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The future looks gray for him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pazu)</font> 6 intr <br> be old, elderly or aged<br> <br> <font size=+1>He is gray and weak, and his health is failing</font><br> 1) (nareccuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>graze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meey)</font> 6b tr <br> cause cattle to eat grass, fodder<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maaTTu meekkara payyan romba keTTikkaaran</font><br> <font size=+1>The boy who grazes the cattle is very clever</font><br> 1) (meeyaviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oraanjuTu)</font> 4i <br> (of skin) scrape or scratch<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avane naan tuppaakki kuNTaale oraanjuTa senjeen. aanaa perisaa seedam seyyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to graze him with a bullet, but didn't cause much damage</font><br> 1) (pullu meeyi) 2b t, intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meeyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause (animals) to graze; tend (animals while grazing); act as a shepherd, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naanga pala varushangaLaa enga kaaLnaTekaLe podu nelattile meeycuTTu vandoom. aanaa ippoo engaLaale muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We grazed our animals on public land for years, but now we can't</font><br> 1) (meeyaviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(meeyi)</font> 2b t, intr <br> (of cattle, sheep, etc.) feed on or eat grass, grain, etc.<br> <font size=+1>same as previous</font><br> <font size=+1>Cattle graze for long periods, then they stop and chew their cud</font><br> 1) (meeyaviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(orasikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> touch, rub or strike lightly in passing<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga taaNTi poonappoo avanooTa muzangkai ennooTa muzangkaiye orasikkiTTu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His elbow grazed mine as we passed</font><br> 1) (toTTu kiTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(seraaccu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> scrape o's skin; get o's skin or o.s. scraped or scratched<br> . <br> <font size=+1>I scraped my elbow on that chair, but just grazed it lightly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( )? </B> <font size=+1>(griis kaTavu @(N tr)@ (pooTu @(sh tr)@ ))</font> 3 trr (\4tr) <br> spread or apply grease; lubricate<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayil cakkarangaLukku naama tenandoorum griis taTavaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>we need to grease the wheels of the train every day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(masahiTu)</font> 4tr <br> put a local lubricant on; apply 'masahu', as to a part of the country cart<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiraamappakudikaLile vaNTikaLe masahungkira onre pooTTu masahiTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the rural areas, they grease the carts with a lubricant called 'masahu'</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNe viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> apply oil to; drop oil, as into a sewing machine, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>taiyal iyandirangaLukku appappoo eNNe viTaNum, aanaa romba pooTakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Sewing machines need to be greased occasionally, but not too heavily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grease s.o.'s palm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(lanjam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give or offer a bribe to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga yaarookku lanjam kuTuttukkiTTu irundaanga enpaduku aadaayam irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There's evidence that they've been greasing somebody's palm with silver</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>greasy, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pisukkaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be oily or sticky; be over-smeared with oil, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga piissaa senjappuram paattiramellaam rombavum pisukkaa irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The pans were very greasy after they made pizza</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazukku)</font> 3 intr <br> be slippery, as the floor, a pathway, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tare rombavum vazukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The floor is very greasy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pisupisu)</font> 6 intr <br> be sticky, be glutinous or oily, as hair, skin, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavile peNkaL nereya tale eNNe obayooha paTuttuvadaale muTi picupicuppaa aakudu</font><br> <font size=+1>In India women use a lot of hair oil, and the hair gets greasy</font><br> 1) (eNNeyaaTTamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNey paseyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be oily, as food, etc.; be glutinous or viscuous<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda uNavakattin saappaaTu enakku rombavum eNNey paseyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The food in that restaurant is too greasy for me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>great, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oyaru)</font> 2i <br> be high, important or distinguished; be of high quality, rank, status, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa saadanekaLellaam ingku kuuramuTiyaada azavukku uyarndu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His accomplishments are too great to be enumerated here</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pramaadamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be wonderful, terrific, fantastic, super<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTaham pramaadamaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The play was great</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(modal taramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be first-rate; be the tops<br> , <br> <font size=+1>adu oru nalla palkalekkazakam, aanaa modal taramaa irukkum palkalekkazakamille</font><br> <font size=+1>That's a good unversity, but not a great university</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mihu)</font> 2i <br> be abundant; increase; exceed in intensity, power, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTanda varushattile vele mihavum oyarndirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Prices have increased greatly in the last year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sera)</font> 7i <br> be remarkable, outstanding, or distinguished; be noble or lofty; be first-rate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar seranda koLkekaLooTa toTangi avekaLe oyarttiyee veccirukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He started out with great ideals, and has managed to keep them aloft</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>greedy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeraase paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be avaricious or covetous; be grasping and stingy<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda arasiyalvaadikaL peeraaseppaTTavanga. avangaLukku veeNTiyade aTeya avanga edukkum tayangamaaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Those politicians are greedy and won't stop at anything to get what they want</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu koo)</font> 4 intr <br> (with x-~kkaaka~, x x-~e26u~<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan caakalaTTukku (caakalat caakalaTTuNNu) aTiccikraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is always greedy for chocolate; he's a "chocoholic."</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aace paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be eager for; desire; be greedy for<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avan ?? aaceppaTuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's greedy for some action</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>green, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veelekki pudusaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be new at s.t.; be inexperienced; be a greenhorn, a novice; be wet behind the ears<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan veelekki pudusaa iruppadaale avane konjam viTTuppiTi</font><br> <font size=+1>He's new at this, and kind of green, so give him a break</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pacceyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be verdant, as fields, etc.; be unripe, as fruit, etc.; be not dried, as wood, firewood, etc.; be of green color<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayalellaam pacceyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The fields are green and verdant</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pacce paseeleNNu iru)</font> 7i <br> (of leaves, fields, etc.) be verdant; be vividly green<br> <br> <font size=+1>angu suttiyirukkum kiraamapakudikaL pacce paseeleNNu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The countryside around there is incredibly green</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>green, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pacce aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> turn green, as copper or brass; become green-colored<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? silaiyellaam pacce aahi irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of weathering, the statues have all become green</font><br> 1) (pacce neramaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>greet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirkiTTu aze)</font> 6 tr <br> go towards and receive; welcome<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan pooyyi ceendappoo avanga elloorum enne edirkiTTu azeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When I arrived, they all came out to greet me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ubasari)</font> 6b tr <br> receive or welcome and treat with civility, courtesy, etc.<br> d <br> <font size=+1>unakku avane pidikkaaviTTaalum nii avane varaveettu ubasarikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should greet him with civility, despite your dislike of him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaNakkam paNNu)</font> 3 intr, tr <br> salute in the Tamil way or style<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga avanukku vaNakkam paNNunaaga</font><br> <font size=+1>They all greeted me with hands pressed together</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(varaveeru)</font> 3 tr <br> welcome or receive, with words or actions; manifest to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga enne manacaara varaveettaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They welcomed me and greeted me in word and in deed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>greet the ears</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadule vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall on the ears; meet or come to o's hearing<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo tamizile paaTuradudaan en kaadule vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>What should greet my ears but someone singing in Tamil</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>greet the eyes</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNule vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> come into sight; meet or appear before the eyes<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>malemeele irunda azakaana ?? en kaNNule vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>What greeted my eyes was a beautiful castle on a hill</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grey (cf. gray)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grey, be (cf. gray, be)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grieve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(angalaayi)</font> 6 intr <br> lament; show sorrow; express grief<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe naan sandiccappoo avaLooTa kaNavanooTa maranatte ava innum angalaayndukkiTTu irundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>When I met her, she was still grieving the loss of her husband</font><br> 1) (kavale-paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (polambu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vesanappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> suffer from grief or sorrow; be sorrowful or sad<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa makan settadilirundu avan coohamaavum vesanappaTTum irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was sorrowful and grieving after his son died</font><br> 1) (kalangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to grieve; cause to be sorrowful, sad or unhappy<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku kalyaanam senji kozande pettukkiratule ishTam illengiradu enakku varuttamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It grieves me that he doesn't want to marry and have children.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(gavaleppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> suffer from grief or sorrow; be sad or sorrowful; go on mourning<br> <br> <font size=+1>I grieve the loss of my children</font><br> 1) (varuttappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grieved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be sorrowful, sad or unhappy<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>nii enne ippaTi ?? naan varuttappaTukireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am grieved that you choose to confront me in this way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(gavaleppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be sorrowful, sad or unhappy<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>idanaale kavaleppaTaadee; nalladeyee paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't be grieved by this; try to look on the bright side!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> heat on a griddle; heat and prepare items of food like idli, dosa, etc; fry, roast, steam<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Dosa are prepared by grilling or frying, not boiling!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLvi keeTTu vade)</font> 6 tr <br> question or examine severely; torture or torment with questions<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kaaval turaiyinar avane keeLvi keeTTu vadettaanga. aanaa avan peecale</font><br> <font size=+1>The police grilled him about it, but he wouldn't talk.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(varu)</font> 6 tr <br> fry, parch, toast, broil<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku seacamayangaLile maddiya uNavukku varutta sanTuvicccu pidikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>I like to grill sandwiches for lunch sometimes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> trouble, vex or torment, with questions, interrogations, etc.; roast; give s.o. a roasting; put the heat on<br> ? !<br> <font size=+1>enne een ippaTi vaaTTiyeTukkure? naan oNNumee seyyale!</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you grilling me for? I haven't done anything!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grilled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be fried, parched, toasted or broiled<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda pappaTamellam suTapaTTu irukku varukkapaTale adanaale eNNe pacay ille</font><br> <font size=+1>These pappadams are grilled, not fried, so they're not greasy</font><br> 1) (veehu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grim, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTukaTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be stern, harsh, or surly; scowl<br> <br> <font size=+1>viTTukku vandappoo avan rombavum kaTukaTuppaa irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was very grim when he came out of the house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuruuramaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be savage, brutal, cruel or fierce<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLirkaalam kuruuramaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's been a grim winter.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grim, be (cf. also gloomy, be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unpleasant; be repellent; be harsh or stern<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>angee ?? nelapparappu moosamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's a grim landscape, there, out in the badlands</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grimace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mohatte suLi)</font> 6b tr <br> twist or contort o's face, as in pain, annoyance, displeasure, anger, etc.; make grimaces<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku irundukkiTTirukkum piraccanekaLe naan eTuttukkuuriyappoo avan muhatte suLiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He grimaced when I mentioned the problems he'd been having</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azahu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a face; pull faces<br> <br> <font size=+1>maruppaTiyum tuTanguvadenbadule ava azuhu kaaTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She grimaced at the prospect of starting over</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kooNalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> contort, alter the normal appearance of; screw up the features of the face;<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne paattadum avan tannooTa mohatte kooNalaakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Velu grimaced as soon as he saw me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grime (cf. begrime)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(palle kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> smile broadly, show the teeth; smile toothily to indicate delight or obsequiousness<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jappaanil peNNkaL pallaik kaaTTakuuTaatu</font><br> <font size=+1>In Japan, women are discouraged from grinning, because they're not supposed to show their teeth</font><br> 1) (palle iLi) 6b ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iLi)</font> 6b intr <br> smile broadly; show the teeth; make a grin<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>edepatti iLikkire?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you grinning about?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are)</font> 6b tr <br> crush or pulverize, as wheat into flour, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda millile avanga koodumeye areccu maavaakkuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In this mill, they grind wheat into flour</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b tr <br> pound by hand into powder, as rice into flour<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavile palapeeru viiTileeyee poTikaLe iTippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In India, many people grind spices at home</font><br> 1) (maavare) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> crush or pulverize, as rice into a smooth paste; wet- grind, as rice for making dosa, idli, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooceyoo idliyoo seyya ariciye nallaa aaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>To make dosa or idli, you have to grind and pulverize rice</font><br> 1) (maav-iTi) 6b tr<br> 2) (maav-aaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(palle kaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> grate or grit the teeth<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veeleye maruppaTiyum seyyaNungiradile avan palle kaTittaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was grinding and gritting his teeth at the prospect of redoing the work</font><br> 1) (saaNe piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn, as a wheel; crank, as a handle<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>ade iluttu suttinapuramdaan adu ??</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to crank it and grind it and then it'll start</font><br> 1) (naranara-NNu palle kaTi) 6b ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(araavu)</font> 3 tr <br> file; make smooth or sharp by filing, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>kalin ?? pahudikaLe arattaale araaviviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Grind away the rough parts of the stone with this file</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(maavaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be able to be ground; be capable or yielding the right flour<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vake goodume maavaahuvadukku eettadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This kind of wheat is ideal for grinding</font><br> 1) (tiruppu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make smooth by grinding, as lenses, glasses, a gem, etc.; sharpen by filing, stropping, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>kaN kaNNaaTi seyyarappoo kaNNaaTiye ?? tiiTTiviTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When they make glasses, they grind the lenses smooth</font><br> 1) (are) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grind away (at, for, on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mummuramaa paTi)</font> 6b intr <br> study hard or vehemently; cram, as for an examination, a test, etc.; study diligently, as a language, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ideyellaam pariccekkaaka naan mummuramaa paTiccuTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've been grinding away at this material, cramming for the exam</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTumeyaa oze)</font> 6 tr <br> work hard and diligently<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan kaTumeyaa uzecci paTikkraan. adanaale avane tondaravu seyyaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>He's grinding away at his studies, so don't disturb him</font><br> 1) (kashTa-paTTu paTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grind down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(araaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> file down; reduce size by grinding<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda aratte eTuttu kaNNaaTiyin kuurmeyaana munaikaLe araaviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Take this file and grind down the sharp edges of the glass</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koTume paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> oppress; torment; treat cruelly or savagely<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nii avane vicaarane senju koTume paTutta muyarci seyyalaam. aanaa naan rombavum edirpaakradille</font><br> <font size=+1>You can try to grind him down by grilling him, but I don't expect much</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tolle paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> oppress; harass; cause to suffer<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>varumeyum ?? vaTa koriyaa makkaLe tolle paTuttiyuLLana</font><br> <font size=+1>Poverty and oppression have ground the people of North korean down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grind into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattukkoLLa vayyi)</font> 6 tr <br> make s.o. learn<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>raaNuvattile nii oNNe paTikkaleeNNa avanga ?? solli kattukkoLLa vayppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the army, if you won't learn it, they grind it into you by repetition</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNikka paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> try or attempt to succeed in teaching; teach with difficulty or dexterity<br> <font size=+1>I want to grind into your heads the fact that</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grind out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seramappaTTu uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> produce through hard work<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kashTappaTTu ozecci denamum naappadu pakkangaL seramappaTTu uruvaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He managed to grind out 40 pages a day by hard work and sweat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> keep turning out, as stories, articles, etc. continuously and easily<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan oru maattukku oru kade ezudi taLLuraan. adei pattirikkaikaLukku vikkiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He grinds out a story a month, which he sells to magazines</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grind up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(areccu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> grind completely; transform; destroy by grinding<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanga ellaatteyum arecci taLLi tiiyile pooTTaanga. oNNumee minjale</font><br> <font size=+1>They ground up everything and burned it, and nothing was left</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manatte kavar)</font> 2tr <br> attract the mind or heart of; hold the interest of<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda kade manatte kavarudu. ade kize pooTavee muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This novel really grips you, you won't be able to put it down</font><br> 1) (gaTTiyaa piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iruha paTru)</font> 3 tr <br> grasp or seize tightly or firmly; hold fast<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>inda piTiye iruha paTrikkoo. viTaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Grip this handle and don't let go!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kavanatte kavar)</font> 2tr <br> attract the attention of; hold the interest of<br> <br> <font size=+1>terepaTam muTikiravare kavanatte kavarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The movie grips you and holds you until the end</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch; seize; catch hold of<br> <br> <font size=+1>en keemira tiruTTu poohaamal irukka naan irukkamaa piTicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I gripped my camera tightly, so it wouldn't get stolen</font><br> 1) (irukki piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gripe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suNTiyizu)</font> 7 intr <br> (of stomach) pinch; suffer griping pain<br> <br> <font size=+1>viyaadiyaale en vayattille suNTiyizukkira vali enakku irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I had a griping pain in my stomach from the illness</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vayiru vali)</font> 6 intr 3pn + dat <br> feel or suffer pain in the stomach or bowels<br> <br> <font size=+1>pala naTkaLaa enakku vayiru valikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A pain has been griping me for days</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vayittu vali eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause pain in the stomach or bowels<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vakeyaana kirumi vayittu vali eerpaTuttukiradu</font><br> <font size=+1>This kind of microbe causes griping pain in the abdomen</font><br> 1) (noo(vu)) 2 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gripe at, about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muNumuNu)</font> 6 intr <br> grumble; complain continually<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan maruppaTiyum teeveyillaatateppatti muNumuNukkiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>There he goes again, griping about inconsequential things</font><br> 1) (toNo toNa) 6i<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vayttuvali paTu)</font> 4 intr(x~aip pa66i~ <br> feel sore about, at; complain<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>edukkaaha nii vayittuvali paTuree?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you griping about?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nara naraNNu palle kaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> grate or grind the teeth noisily<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppavum nara naraNNu palle kaTiccukiTTu iruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He grits his teeth and grinds them constantly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(palle kaTiccukiTTu samaaLi)</font> 6 tr <br> manage with determination, endurance, etc.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>summaa palle kaTiccikiTTu samaaLikkaNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>You just have to grit your teeth and hang in there. You just have to grit your teeth and hang in there. </font><br> 1) (palle kaTiccu kiTTu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grizzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siNungu)</font> 3 intr <br> (Brit. only: of children) whine; whimper; cry continuously; complain, grumble, moan, groan, fuss, lament; (inf.) grouse, gripe, bellyache, beef, winge.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande viTaama siNungi azudukiTTirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child grizzled and cried constantly</font><br> 1) (teembi azu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grizzled, be (cf. gray, become)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> become gray and wizened with age; be wrinkled and stooped<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>groan</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anattu)</font> 3 intr <br> moan; make groaning sound, as in fever, etc.<br> <font size=+1>is T verb correct?</font><br> <font size=+1>He's been in a coma for two weeks, and only groans occasionally</font><br> 1) (mukki monahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(monahu)</font> 3 intr <br> make a groan; moan; utter inarticulate sounds indicating disapproval, pain, derision, etc.; grumble<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaate pattiyum munahi muNumuNuppadu odavaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Groaning and grumbling about everything won't help</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muNu muNu)</font> 6 intr <br> make inarticulate sounds indicating derision, disapproval, pain, etc.<br> ? !<br> <font size=+1>edukkaaka muNu muNukkizaay? idu sampala naaLuNu nii sandooshamaa irukkaNum!</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you groaning about? You should be happy it's payday!</font><br> 1) (mukku) 3 intr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kriicciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> creak; make a creaking sound, as a wooden cot under heavy weight, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTil pazacaa irundadaale avan ovvoru more tirumbiyappoo adu kiriicciTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cot was old , so it groaned every time he turned over</font><br> 1) (monahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>groan out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(monahi kiTTee sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> utter or express with groans; describe or narrate with groans<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanaale peeca iyalale. aanaalum avanooTa kadeye munahi kiTTee connaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He could barely speak, but managed to groan out his story</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>groan under</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mukki monahu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of people) suffer, as under a heavy load, burden, etc.; suffer, as under heavy taxes, etc.; grumble silently, as under a heavy load, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>parmaa makkaL ?? kiiL mukki monahuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people of Burma are groaning under the oppression of the generals.</font><br> 1) (avadippaTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (teNaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>groggy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> stagger; (of legs) be weak and unsteady, as from illness, exhaustion, sleep, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tuungaadadaale taLLaaTikkiTTu olaruraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very groggy from not having slept, and isn't talking coherently</font><br> 1) (taTumaaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>groom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaar paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> prepare; prepare s.o. for a special mission, position, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu arasaangatile oru veelekkaaha avane tayaar paNNuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He's being groomed for a job in the new government</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (tayaar seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) (uruvaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kudirengaLe paattukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> look after or tend horses<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kudirengaLe paarttukkoLLuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He grooms the horses</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (tayaar seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>groom o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaar paNNi koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make o.s. ready for public appearance; make o.s. attractive and presentable<br> -- , , <br> <font size=+1>ippoovellam tolekkaacciyile toonrinaal mudaalile tayaar paNNikkaaNum-- muTi, muham, aaTai</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays if you appear on TV, you have to be groomed first--hair, face, clothing</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (siivi singaariccikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>groove</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTi veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> rout, cut a channel; make a groove, as in a piece of wood for sliding, joining, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTeyile kaaTi veTTinaal adu nallaa sariyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you groove the wood, it will slide better</font><br> 1) (varippaLLamiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ariccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make grooves, channels, hollow tracks, as waves beating against the shore; erode<br> <br> <font size=+1>alaikaL kareye ariccuviTTu irukkirana</font><br> <font size=+1>The waves have grooved the shore</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grope</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavu)</font> 3 tr <br> feel with the hands, as for a switch in the dark, etc.; seek by feeling<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>rombavum iruTi irundadaal vizakku ?? naan taTavaveeNTiyadaayirru</font><br> <font size=+1>It was so dark, I had to grope around for the light switch</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTi taTavikiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> feel o's way; make o's way, by feeling with the hands and feet<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan kuruTan. adanaal viTTile taTTi taTavikkiTTu poovaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's blind, so he gropes his way around the house, touching things</font><br> 1) (taTavi teeTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (taTavi paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tozaavu)</font> 3 tr <br> feel with the hands or fingers, as for a coin in a purse; seek with the hands blindly<br> . <br> <font size=+1>en saTTe paiyile naan en saavikkaaha tuzaavineen. aanaa ade kaNTukoLLa muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I was groping in my pocket for my keys, but couldn't find them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grope after, for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuruTTuttanamaa teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> seek blindly; search without certainty of success; stumble or blunder along<br> j . <br> <font size=+1>iraakkil nallapaTiyaana muTivukkaaha janaadibadi kuruTTuttanamaa teeTuraar. aanaa eduvum keTekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>The president is groping blindly for a solution in Iraq, but isn't finding one</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gross</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(motta laabam aTe)</font> 2tr <br> make a gross profit<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>anda ?? naanga irupattaindu sadaviidam motta laabam aTenjoom. aanaa adu maruppaTiyum naTakkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We grossed over 25% on that caper, but it won't happen again</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(motta laabam keTe)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> earn or get as a gross profit<br> , .<br> <font size=+1>anda vishayattule, avanukku reNTaayiram ruubaa motta laabam kedeccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He grossed rs. 20,000. in that venture.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gross, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(more keeTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be flagrant or irregular; be wrong or unrighteous<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>That was a gross and flagrant violation of regulations</font><br> 1) (moosamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizttaramaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be of very low quality or order; be vulgar or unrefined<br> . <br> <font size=+1>meeTeyile avanooTa naTatte kiizttaramaa irukku. enakku avane paaka sahikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>His behavior is so gross on stage, I can't stand to watch him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paru)</font> 6 intr <br> be huge or bulky; be fat, obese, overweight<br> <font size=+1>She has gotten very overweight, and really gross-looking</font><br> 1) (kozu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(asingamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be vulgar, indecent or obscene; be coarse or unrefined; be disgusting<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vishayatte avanga rombavum asingamaa iruppadaa aakkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They made a gross and disgusting mess of the whole thing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grotesque, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sirippukkeTamaahu)</font> 3i <br> be ridiculous; be laughable; be odd or strange, causing laughter<br> <font size=+1>Saddam Husein's protestations in this matter are simply ridiculous and grotesque, given his record.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(visittramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fantastic; be strange, odd or unnatural; be queer or peculiar; be oversized<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda pakutiyin kaTTiTakaLai cilacamayangkaLil vicittiramaakavum ceyarkaiyaakavum irukkiratu</font><br> <font size=+1>Sometimes the architecture of that region is simply grotesque, and unnatural</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grouch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muNu muNu)</font> 6 intr <br> grumble; complain; be sulky<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan eppavum summa muNu muNuttukkiTTu iruppaan. avane kaNTukkaadiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>He's always grouching and grumbling about something, don't mind him</font><br> 1) (monahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grouchy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be sulky or morose; be in a huff; be in a bad mood<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avar ippoo urNNu irukkaaru. adanaale avare tondaravu seyyaadinga</font><br> <font size=+1>He's in a grouchy mood right now, so don't bother him</font><br> 1) (umm-NN-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koreppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be morose, sullen or discontented; have a grudge; gripe about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa vaNTi tiruTTuppoonadaale ava kureppaTTukkiTTu irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's in a grouchy mood because her car was stolen</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koreppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be morose, sullen or discontented; have a grudge; gripe about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa vaNTi tiruTTuppoonadaal avaL kuraippaTTukoNTu irukkiraaL</font><br> <font size=+1>She's in a grouchy mood because her car was stolen</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grouchy, be/become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTe)</font> 6b intr <br> become antagonistic, cranky,<br> <br> <font size=+1>varavara ennooTa viiTTukkaararu romba veTekkraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My husband off and on gets grouchy with me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ground</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tareyle irukka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause (a plane, etc.) to stay on the ground; stop from taking off; cause employees, family members to remain at home as punishment.<br> <font size=+1>You're grounded for the next week!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tareyle eranga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause or force (a plane, etc.) to land;<br> <br> <font size=+1>niyu yaakkukku ullee varukira vemaanangaLe ellam tareyle iranga vayccirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They grounded all planes coming into New York on that day</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ground on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTipaTe miidu ame)</font> 6 tr <br> lay, set or place on the foundation<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ade taTamaana nerimurekaLooTa aTippaTeyin miidu ameka nenaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He wanted to ground it on firm principles</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ground, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arenjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be or become macerated or pulverized, as into flour, paste, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>oru periya laari adumeele eeriyappuram adu ?? arenjuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was ground to a pulp when that big truck ran over it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maavaahi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be powdered or pulverized, as rice into flour<br> <br> <font size=+1>iTli tooce seyya arici nallaa maavaahi pookaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>To make idli or doose, rice has to be ground into flour</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(masinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be mashed or crushed, as potatoes, etc.; be macerated, as rice into paste<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kari seyya kaaykarikaLe nallaa masinju pooha araikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The vegetables have to be ground to a fine pulp for this curry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ground, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arepaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be ground into flour or thin pulpy consistency<br> <br> <font size=+1>arisi innum sariyaa arepaTale</font><br> <font size=+1>The rice hasn't gotten finely ground enough yet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grounded in, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTippaTeyle ame)</font> 6 tr <br> be based on or founded on (certain principles, theories, beliefs, etc.)<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa tattuvam, niidin meel irukkum aaznda nambikkai marrum madippin aTippaTeyle amekkappaTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Their philosophy is grounded in a deep belief in and respect for justice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTippaTeyle ame)</font> 6 tr <br> be based on, be founded on (certain principles, theories, beliefs)<br> <font size=+1>same as before</font><br> <font size=+1>That religion is grounded in the notion that when the millennium arrives, all true believers will be saved</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>groundless, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadaaramillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be ungrounded or unfounded; be without base or reason<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiTmoovile makkaL sitravade seyyapaTuvadaa kuurapaTuvadu aadaaramillaama irukkuNNu veLLe maalike kuurudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The claim that people are being tortured in Gitmo is groundless, says the White House</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNamillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without reason<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>unnooTa payangaLe kaaraNamillaama irukku; poor aaru vaarangaLile muTindiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Your fears are groundless; the war will be over in 6 weeks</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>group</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzave uruvaakku)</font> 3 trr <br> form a group, as of people with common interests, purposes, etc.<br> ? .<br> <font size=+1>These three cases group themselves together, but the rest are exceptions.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> divide; classify; sort and put together, as into types, categories, clusters, aggregates, species, genera, families, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We can group these nouns into one class, but the others have to be dealt with in some other way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> unite, join or form together, as into a group<br> <font size=+1>Let's group these together into one association, and leave the others alone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grouse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koreppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> complain; grumble; gripe; grouch; whine, winge<br> !<br> <font size=+1>adoo avan maruppaTiyum koreppaTTu koLraan!</font><br> <font size=+1>There he goes, grousing and griping again!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muNu muNu)</font> 6 intr <br> grumble; grouch; complain<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii edaavade parri muNu muNukaama irukkiya?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is there anything you don't grouse about?</font><br> 1) (muNumuNu) 6 intr<br> 2) (monahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grouse about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore solli kiTTee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> complain about; find fault with; grumble about<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan ippoo ede patti kore sollikkiTTu irukkaan?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's he grousing about now?</font><br> 1) (kore sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grovel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kenju)</font> 3 tr <br> beg, entreat, or beseech; cringe and whine for s.t.; ask obsequiously; curry favor with<br> ; , .<br> <font size=+1>kenjinaa minjuvaan; minjinaa, kenjuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>"If you grovel before him, he'll be overbearing; if you are overbearing, he'll cringe and grovel."</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kenju)</font> 3 intr, tr <br> cringe; humble o.s.; utter in an abject manner; be obsequious<br> ; , .<br> <font size=+1>kenjaa minjuvaan; minjaa, kenjuvaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>(Proverb:) If you're opsequious to him, he'll lord it over you; and if you lord it over him, he'll grovel at your feet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalaTiyle vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall flat at the feet of s.o., to humble o.s. or to please the other; act obsequiously, curry favor with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan romba bandaa seyyirappoo nii avanooTa kaalaTiyle vizundu kenjuradu enakku piTikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't like the way you grovel when he gets on his high horse!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maanam keTTu naTa)</font> 7i <br> act or behave shamefully or abjectly<br> ! !<br> <font size=+1>avangiTTe maanam keTTu naTakkaade! tanmaanattuTan naTandukkoo!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't grovel at his feet like that! Have some self-respect!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(neTunjaaNaa vizu)</font> 2i <br> prostrate full-length, on the ground, as before a boss, a conqueror, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>pazangaalattle poorule verriperra talaivar vandadum, makkaL avarukku mun neTujaaNaa vizundu manTiyiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days, when the conquering hero arrived, people groveled and prostrated themselves before him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payir aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be produced, as crops and plants<br> <br> <font size=+1>vangaaLattule saNal nallaa payir aahudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Jute grows well in Bengal.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> grow; proliferate<br> <br> <font size=+1>paale nelattule panamaram vaLarum</font><br> <font size=+1>The palm tree grows in the desert.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLe)</font> 2b intr <br> be made; be formed or produced; be manufactured; grow, as plants, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda varaNTa naaTTule oNNumee veLeyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>Nothing grew in that parched land.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> flourish<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazekki appuram arisi vayalule nallaa vaLanduccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Rice grew well in the field after the rains.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(veLe)</font> 6b intr <br> grow, as crops; prosper<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze penjaadaan payir nallaa veLeyum</font><br> <font size=+1>The crops will grow well only if it rains</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 6 tr <br> cause to grow; refine; foster<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNii uuttalennaalum inda ceTi taanaavee vaLandurum</font><br> <font size=+1>This plant will grow by itself even if you don't water it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLandu)</font> 3 tr <br> grow, as plants; bring up, as children, pets; draw out, as a story<br> . <br> <font size=+1>laccumiyooTa kade appiTiyee vaLandukkiTTeepoohudu. muTiyarapaaTTe kaaNoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Lakshmi's story just keeps growing and there's no end in sight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become; advance, as in age, time, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeram aanadaale naanga porappaTTu pooha muTivu senjoom</font><br> <font size=+1>It was growing late, so we decided to leave</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(payir paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> produce a crop<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naanga modalle panjcu payir paNNunoom. aanaa apurama nalla velaccal koTuppaduku poodumaana aLavu niir illaama poonadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We grew cotton at first, but then there wasn't enough water to produce a good crop</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> increase by natural development, as a plant, an animal, a human being, etc.; develop or expand, as a business, interests, influences, etc.; grow up; grow tall<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa tozil vaLandukkiTTee pooccu. avanga paNakkaaranga aanaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Their business just grew and grew, and they became very rich</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(veLevi)</font> 6b tr <br> give rise to, produce, raise, cultivate<br> <br> <font size=+1>uzavanga vayalle nellu veLevippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the farmers grow rice in the fields</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(veLe)</font> 2b intr <br> be produced or cultivated, as crops; germinate and grow, as plants<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>anda ceTiyellaam iyarkeyaavee vaLandu veLenjadu; naanga ade vedekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>Those plants just came up and grew naturally; we didn't plant them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(payiraahu)</font> 3b intr <br> crop; be produced as crop<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda siidooshana neleyile enda vaheyaana payirkaL payiraahum?</font><br> <font size=+1>What kinds of crops grow well in this climate?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) </B> <font size=+1>(moLe)</font> 6 intr <br> germinate, sprout or spring up, as a plant, an idea, hair, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tiTTam toonri moLeccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The idea just popped up and grew</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow (s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(valaru)</font> 6 tr <br> set, plant, cultivate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ceTikoTingaLe vaLarppadu viiTTukkum naaTTukkum nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>Growing plants is good for our home and the nation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> come to be; shoot up, pop up; appear; come up; crop up<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>naan vede pooTTeen; ange reNTu seTinga uNTaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I planted seeds and two bushes grew up there.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow afraid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> grow frightened; fear; become or be scared<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vaNTikaLile veTikuNTukaL veTippade paatu, makkaL rattiriyile veLiyee pooha bayappaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>With all the car bombs going off, people have become afraid to go out at night</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow angry (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koobappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become or be indignant; grow furious or wrathful<br> j <br> <font size=+1>ava jaadi maari kalyaaNam kaTTikka aase paTTappoo avaLooTa ammaa appaa koobappaTTu avaLe viiTTilirundu veLiyeettunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When she wanted to marry outside her caste, her parents became angry and threw her out of the house</font><br> 1) (koobi) 6b i, tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow away from</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nadungi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become less close or intimate; get more and more distant<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naanga nalla nanparkaLaa irundoom, aanaa oruvariTam irundu oruvar nadungi pooyyiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We used to be good friends, but we've grown away from each other</font><br> 1) (velahi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow bent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become bent; become folded; be bowed down; see bend, fold<br> <br> <font size=+1>pala aaNTukaLaa avar asterioporoosisaale maTangi pooyyi irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Over the years, he has grown bent with osteoporosis</font><br> 1) (saayi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow black</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karu)</font> 6 intr <br> grow dark; become black; darken<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiiruNNu vaaNam karuttu puyal vandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly the sky grew black, and a storm came in</font><br> 1) (karuttu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow cool</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aari poo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow cool; become cool or refreshed<br> j . <br> <font size=+1>pooduvaa juunil kuLumeyaa aakaadu. aanaa kaTanda vaarattule kuLumeyaavum puttunarcciyaavum irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It usually doesn't get cool in June, but in the last week, it's been very cool and refreshing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?</B> <font size=+1>(aari poo?)</font> 3b intr <br> lose desire or interest in; grow apart<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan teerudalile verriperrappuram avan enniTam pazakuvadile tanindu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After I won the election, he grew cool toward me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow damp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> grow damp, wet or moist<br> <br> <font size=+1>navambarile iiramaahi kuLiraahiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>In November, it gets damp and cold</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow dark</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iruTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow dark, as the sky<br> <br> <font size=+1>panikkaalam nerunga nerunga vaaNam siikkiramaa iruTTukkiTTu varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sky grows dark earlier and earlier now, as winter approaches</font><br> 1) (iruLu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow dim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazungu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow feeble, as mind<br> , .<br> <font size=+1>ennooTa kaNkaL mazungudu, ennaale paakka muTiyale.</font><br> <font size=+1>My eyes grow dim, I cannot see</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow dim, as light or eye sight; become feeble, as mind; be obscured<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa putti mangi pooyyi irukku. avaraale tannooTa kozandekaL peeyaLe naapakappaTuttikka muTivadile</font><br> <font size=+1>His mind has grown dim, and he can't remember what his children's names are</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow discouraged</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adairiyappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> grow discouraged or disheartened<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku veele keTekkaadadum avan adairiyappaTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He became discouraged when he couldn't get a job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow dismayed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam kozambu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow dismayed, perturbed or confused<br> !<br> <font size=+1>anda seydiye keeTTadum en manam kozambip poonadu!</font><br> <font size=+1>I got really dismayed when I heard that news!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow dry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dry up; become parched, as lips, etc.; wither<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinTa varacciyale suttupuram olanduTu irukku. kaaTTu tiiyellam ezidil aarambiccuTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>With the extended drought, the area has become very dry, and forest fires start easily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> shrink; wither<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa tooL rombavum vaaTi ularndirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His skin has become very dry and withered</font><br> 1) (vatt-iTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vattu)</font> 3 intr <br> dry up; evaporate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuzamellaam vattipooy irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>All the wells have gone dry</font><br> 1) (kaanj-iTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaanju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become parched, as the earth; lose moisture; wither<br> <br> <font size=+1>suttupuam kaaynju pooyyi iruppadaale paalevanam aavadu adikarittu uLLadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Desertification has increased because the area has become drier and drier</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow dull (cf. grow dim)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow dull or dim; lose luster<br> , <br> <font size=+1>selaiyellaam mangi irukku, aanaa naama adeyellaam teeccukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>The statues have become dull, but we can polish them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow even</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> grow even, equal, level<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avai samamaaha vaLaraNum, aanaa avai samamaaha vaLarale</font><br> <font size=+1>They're supposed to come up to an equal level, but they didn't grow evenly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow extensive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virivaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> grow extensive, extended or expanded<br> <font size=+1>The infestation of foreign species has become very extensive now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow faint (cf. see grow dim)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow fat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozu)</font> 6 intr <br> grow fat, obese or plump; fatten<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kozuttuppooyyi avanooTa tuniyellam avanukku patturadille</font><br> <font size=+1>He grew very fat and now his clothes don't fit him</font><br> 1) (paruttu viTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow full</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tazu)</font> 2i <br> grow full of boughs; thrive, as a business, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>The shrubbery has become very full and thick, and needs to be trimmed back</font><br> 1) ((ne)rombu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerambu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow full; become filled up<br> , <br> <font size=+1>arai nerambi, okkaara iTamillaama pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The room grew full, and there was no place to sit</font><br> 1) (nere) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow furious</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aattirappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> grow furious, enraged or wrathful<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avariTam ade sonnappoo avar aattirappaTTu enneppaattu kattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When I told him that, he just grew furious and screamed at me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow gray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nare)</font> 6b intr <br> (of hair) grow gray, pale or whitish<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa muTi romba nareccu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His hair has grown very gray</font><br> 1) (veLu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow hard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muttu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow hard or ripen, as a coconut; grow hard and unfit for use, as vegetables; come to a head, as a boil<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>When coconuts ripen, they get hard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mudiru)</font> 2i <br> grow old, hard or mature; be full-grown<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>When the trees are mature, the wood grows very hard</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow haughty</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow haughty, proud or arrogant<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan romba tuLLuran. pazeya nanparkaLe paakka avanukku ishTamille</font><br> <font size=+1>He became very haughty, and doesn't want to see his old friends</font><br> 1) (kudi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow heavy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kana)</font> 6i <br> grow heavy; be heavy<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avar rombavum kanattu irukkaar. ippootu avarukku muTTi vali vandu irukkiu</font><br> <font size=+1>He has grown very heavy, and now has arthritis in his knees</font><br> 1) (baaramaa-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow high</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oyaru)</font> 2 intr <br> grow tall; grow up; rise; be elevated<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaze oyarndu vaLandiruppadaale ade veTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The weeds have grown up very high, so they need to be cut</font><br> 1) (vaLar) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow hoarse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kammu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of throat or voice) get hoarse<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan romba peeci tonTe kammi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was talking so much, I grew hoarse</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (aTeccikkoo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become large, mature or experienced<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>He has grown into a wise and mature person</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahi koo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accustom o.s. to; become accustomed to; fill out, with experience<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan meduvaa veeleye pazahikkiTTu ippoo nallaa seyraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Little by little he has grown into the job, and now he's doing well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow larger</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTar)</font> 2 intr <br> grow larger or spread, as a ringworm, rash, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>sirangu paTarndu irukku. marundaale enda payanum iruppadaa teriyiradille</font><br> <font size=+1>The rash has grown larger, and the medicine doesn't seem to help</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(perisaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> grow larger; become enlarged or swollen<br> <br> <font size=+1>viikkam perisaahi ippoo avanooTa suu pattradille</font><br> <font size=+1>The swelling has grown larger, and now his shoes don't fit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow lean</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTungi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow low; be reduced; shrink<br> <br> <font size=+1>Times grew lean, and jobs were few and far between</font><br> 1) (eLacci poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (oTungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(melinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> grow thin or bony<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan melinjuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has become lean and bony</font><br> 1) (melinji poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (olliyaahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow less</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> abate, as fever, wind, anger, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaccal taNindu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The fever has grown less</font><br> 1) (kore) 2b intr<br> 2) (kore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(surungu)</font> 3 intr <br> become less by shrinking; be reduced, as resources, etc.; shrink<br> <br> <font size=+1>iroppia uuniyanil seerum turkiyin kaNavu surungiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Turkey's dreams to join the EU have grown less likely</font><br> 1) (kore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow long</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> extend; last long<br> <br> <font size=+1>un muTi innum niiTi valandaal nii ade veTTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If your hair grows any longer, you'll have to cut it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niiLamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> lengthen<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kade niiLamaahikkiTTee pooccu. muTivu kaNNil teriyille</font><br> <font size=+1>His story grew longer and longer, and there seemed to be no end in sight</font><br> 1) (niiLu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow loose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peyanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get loose, as a nail; come off; peel, as the plaster on the wall, etc.<br> d . <br> <font size=+1>oru aaNi peyanduTu irundudu.suvattilirundu oru paTam kiiree vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>One of the nails grew loose, and a picture fell down off the wall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aviznduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get loose; become loose; become untied<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru maaTu aviznduTu pooyyi pakkattuviiTTukaanga tooTTatukkuLLe puhundu amarkalam senjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>One of the cows got loose and went on a rampage in the neighbor's field</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow luxuriantly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sezippaa vaLar)</font> 2i <br> become luxuriant; thrive<br> . ??<br> <font size=+1>kuTcu amerikkaavin ten pahudiyile sezippaa vaLarnduLLadu. adu ippoo ??</font><br> <font size=+1>Kudzu has grown luxuriantly in the American south, and is now a menace</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow meager</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattaama poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become meager; become or be insufficient; be not enough<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>iyaRkeyaa toonRum ?? pattaama pookudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Natural resources have grown more meager</font><br> 1) (meli) 2b intr<br> 2) (poodaame poo) 3b intr<br> 3) (eLeccu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow mellow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kani)</font> 2b intr <br> mellow; grow over-ripe<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avan romba ?? irundaaru aanaa ippoo kaniva aahi irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He used to be very uptight, but now he's grown mellow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow mild</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eLahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become mild; grow soft or tender<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu pazukkurappoo adu kacapaavum oreppaavum irukku. aanaa appurama iLahi mudirum</font><br> <font size=+1>When it's ripening, it's bitter and sharp-tasting, but then it grows mild as it matures</font><br> 1) (meduv-aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow moist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasi)</font> 2b intr <br> (of eyes) become moist or tearful; (of walls, roof, etc.) leak<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa kozandeye izanda kadeye sonnappoo avaLooTa kaNNil niir kasinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her eyes grew moist as she told the story of losing her child</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> grow damp or wet<br> . <br> <font size=+1>idu varaNTu veyil kaalamaa irundudu. aanaa ippoo iiramaahi iruku</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a dry summer, but now it's grown moist and verdant</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow numerous</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhu)</font> 3i <br> increase; be multiplied<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kuTiyeeRudal perugi irukku. caTTa viroodamaa vandiruppavanga peruki irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Immigration has increased, and now the illegals are very numerous</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow old</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vayasaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> get old and aged<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avarukku vayasaaccu; oyvu veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>He's grown old, and needs to take his rest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow on (cf. grow upon)</b></font><br> <font size=+1>At first it's hard to take, but then it grows on you, and you start to like it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow out of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> become too large for s.t., as clothing, a house, space.<br> <font size=+1>He's grown out of these shoes, so we'll have to get him some new ones.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLe)</font> 2b intr <br> originate; develop from; develop as a result<br> <font size=+1>This grows out of an idea that people will act rationally when it comes to their own investments</font><br> 1) (tooNu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow over-ripe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kani)</font> 2b intr <br> get over-ripe<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazeppazam kanindu karuppaahiviTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bananas have grown over-ripe and are now brown and soft</font><br> 1) (pazu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow pale</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLuttu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow pale by sickness; turn pale; (of hair) become gray<br> <br> <font size=+1>viyaadiyaale avan veLuttu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He grew pale because of the illness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow poor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noTindukiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get poorer and poorer; earn less and less<br> j <br> <font size=+1>nereya janattokeyaale naaTu noTindukkiTTu pookudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The country has grown poorer and poorer, because of over population</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow proud</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karvappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become proud, arrogant or haughty<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan karvappaTTavanaa maaRi ippoo ellaam engaLooTa pazakuradille</font><br> <font size=+1>He has grown proud and haughty, and doesn't associate with us any more</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow red</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seva)</font> 7i <br> become red; be red; redden; (of face) become flushed<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa muham sivundu avar vizundaar</font><br> <font size=+1>His face grew red and flushed, and then he collapsed</font><br> 1) (sevappahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow rich</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sezi)</font> 6i <br> grow wealthy; thrive; flourish; become a rich man; become a person of means<br> , . <br> <font size=+1>avan amerikkaavukku vandappoo, sezippaanan. uurile irunda eeze sondakkarangaLe marandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he came to America, he grew rich, and forgot about his poor relatives back home</font><br> 1) (paNakkaaraku) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow ripe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazu)</font> 6 intr <br> (of fruit) get ripe; ripen<br> .<br> <font size=+1>vaazeppazamellam pazuttirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The bananas have grown ripe</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muttiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> ripen, as corn, etc.; ripen, as coconuts, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkasoolam muttuviTTadum naama ade aRuvaTe seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>When the corn has grown ripe, we can harvest it</font><br> 1) (kani) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow rotten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLuttu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become rotten, as wood; be or become worm-eaten<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>?? sutti irukkum marakkaTTekaLellaam uLuttu pooyyirukku. ade mattaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The wood around the foundation has become rotten, and needs to be replaced</font><br> 1) (keTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azuhi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become rotten; decay; putrefy<br> . <br> <font size=+1>irecci azuhi pooyyirukku. ade kuppeyile pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>That meat has become rotten, and has to be thrown away</font><br> 1) (azuhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow sad</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become sad; grieve; be sorry<br> <br> <font size=+1>irndavarkaLe neneccappoo ava varuttappaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She grew sad when she thought about all the people who had died</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow scarce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> get scarce or dear; diminish<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>sunaami taakkiya pakudikaLile ?? korenji irukku. makkaL paTTiniyaa irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Resources have grown scarce in the Tsunami region, and people are starving</font><br> 1) (taTTu-paaTu eer-paTu) 4 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow scared</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> get scared; tremble; shudder; be frightened<br> <br> <font size=+1>en mahan iTi minnal sattam keeTTaal naTunguvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My son gets very scared when he hears thunder and sees lightning</font><br> 1) (baya-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow short</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> become short; grow less; diminish in length<br> . <br> <font size=+1>neeram korenjukiTTu irukku. namakku nereya veele irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Time is growing short, and we have much work to be done</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow slack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get slack; slacken, as tightly-strung wire, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>tiTiiruNu kambi taLarnduTTadu. naan ade suttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly the wire grew slack, and I started reeling it in</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow small</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cinnadaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become small; decrease in size; diminish length<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>kaaTTunile ?? oru poruLe sinnadaakavum muTiyum perisaakkavum muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>In cartoons you can make something grow small or large with just animation</font><br> 1) (siru) 6 intr<br> 2) (surungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow soft</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ? </B> <font size=+1>(amungu)</font> 3 intr <br> get soft and give way to touch<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>toole ?? poo adei menmeyaakka vazi veccirukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>When you process leather, you have to have a way to make it grow soft</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meduvaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> soften; be soft to the touch; grow tender<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma toole meduvaakkakuuTiya eNNaykaL naammaala vaanga muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>There are oils you can buy to make your skin grow softer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koze)</font> 2ai <br> become soft and tender; become like pap<br> <br> <font size=+1>mara sakkeye neenTa neeram meNraa adu kozenju poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you chew the wood pulp long enough, it gets soft and squishy</font><br> 1) (azundu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow stiff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vereccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> stiffen; be paralyzed<br> ?? ; ?? <br> <font size=+1>irandadukkappuram nereya ?? vereccu pooRana; ade ?? enpaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>After death, most mammals grow stiff; it's known as rigor mortis</font><br> 1) (vere) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow stout</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruttuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become stout or plump; grow thick<br> . <br> <font size=+1>pazam peruttuTaNum. appoodaan adil nereya caar neranju irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>You want the fruit to grow stout and plump, so it's more juicy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sade pooTu)</font> 4 tr 3pn + dat <br> become stout or plump; put on flesh<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan camiipakalattile nallaa sade pooTTu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has grown very stout in recent years</font><br> 1) (paruttuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow strong</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(palappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become strong; gather strength<br> <br> <font size=+1>un kozandekaL nallaa palappaTTu vaLarndu nooykale tavirpaangaNu naan nambuReen</font><br> <font size=+1>You hope your children will grow strong and be able to resist disease</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow stupid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(putti mazungu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow dull, feeble minded<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>enna? enakku putti mazungki pooyviTTatu enRu ninaittaayaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>What, do you think I've grown stupid or something?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTaaLaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become stupid or foolish<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaTkaL muTTaaLaahi pooy ataiyaavatu uLaruvatai naan paarttirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've seen cases where people get senile and grow stupid, and say foolish things</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow tall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oyaramaa vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> get tall; increase in height<br> . <br> <font size=+1>en aNNan nallaa oyaramaa vaLandaan. aanaa naanum en tambikaLum appaTi vaLarale</font><br> <font size=+1>My older brother grew very tall, but I and my younger brothers didn't</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oyar)</font> 2i <br> become tall or high; advance in position, rank, status, etc.<br> <font size=+1>syn for previous?</font><br> <font size=+1>He has gotten very tall, and now plays basketball for some famous team</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow tender</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miruduvaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become tender, mild or soft<br> . <br> <font size=+1>makkasoolam miruduvaakaNum. kaTippadukum melluvadukkum kaTTiyaa irukkakuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You want sweet corn to grow tender, and not hard to bite or chew</font><br> 1) (eLahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow tender-hearted</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become tender-hearted; grow mild or compassionate<br> . <br> <font size=+1>gaTafi kaTumeyaana aacciyalaraa irundaar. aanaa ippoo kaNivaahi maanam irangiyavaraa aahi irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Gaddafi used to be a harsh ruler, but now he's softened, and become almost tender-hearted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow terrified</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(araNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become terrified, alarmed or scared<br> <br> <font size=+1>sunaami taakkiyappoo makkaL araNTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the Tsunami hit, people grew terrified</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow thick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> become thick or stout; thicken<br> <br> <font size=+1>verb?</font><br> <font size=+1>His hair grew thick, and stuck straight up almost</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paruttuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get thick or stout; swell; bloat<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTippaTTa pinnaale enooTa kaalu viingi paruttuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>My leg swelled up and grew thick after the injury</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTandu vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> thicken or grow close together, as hair, plants, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavanga poraame paTumaLavuku avaLooTa muTi aTandu vaLandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her hair grew very thick, to the envy of others</font><br> 1) (peruttuTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (nerungi vaLaru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow thin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toolaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become thin or skinny<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku oTambu sariyillaama poonnadile irundu avan toolaa pooyirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's grown thing as a rail since he got sick</font><br> 1) (eLecc-iTu) 4 ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(melindu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get thin, lean or meager; waste away<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan rombavum melindu pooyi irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's grown very thin</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow thirsty</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taahaameTu)</font> 6 intr 3pn + dat <br> get thirsty<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya urappaana tinpaNTanga saappiTTaa unakku rombavum taahaameTukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you eat too much salty snacks, you'll get very thirsty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow tired</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLeccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become tired or exhausted; become fatigued<br> <br> <font size=+1>maleyin uccikku naTandu poonadu engaLeyellaam kaLeccu pooha senjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hike to the top of the mountain made us all become very tired</font><br> 1) (asanduTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow tough</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> toughen or harden; solidify<br> . <br> <font size=+1>koozi muTTeyin ooTu keTTiyaahaNum. illeeNNaa muTTe piLekkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The shell of a chicken's egg needs to grow tough and hard, or the egg won't survive</font><br> 1) (kaTTi aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> come into existence; arise; develop<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru pudiya talemoRe icsvaaNarkaL inda pudiya paaNiyile tooNi irukaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>A whole new generation of musicians has grown up in this new medium</font><br> 1) (ezu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow warm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veduveduppaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> get warm or become gently heated<br> <br> <font size=+1>roTTiye aTuppule veccu veduveduppaaha seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Put the bread into the oven and let it get warm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow weak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> weaken or get feeble<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saappiTaadadaale taLandu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He grew weak from not eating</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> weaken; grow shrivelled<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kaal vaaTi pooy melindu irukku. adu eeNu maruttuvarkaLukku teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His leg has become weak and emaciated, and the doctors don't know why</font><br> 1) (vaaTi vadangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow weary</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ? </B> <font size=+1>(asanduTu asadi)</font> 4 intr <br> become weary, tired and worn out<br> . <br> <font size=+1>un edirpuhaLe keeTTu enakku ayarntuviTTatu. ade inimeele naan poruttukka maaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have grown weary of your protestations, and will tolerate them no longer</font><br> 1) (salicc-iTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saliccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become weary; grow sick of; get fed up with<br> <br> <font size=+1>I've not only grown weary, I am sick and tired of the whole mess</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow well</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sezi)</font> 6i <br> get well; thrive, flourish, prosper<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudiya iTattule nii nallaa seziccu vaLaruvaayNNu naan vaaztuReen</font><br> <font size=+1>I hope you will grow well and prosper in your new land</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (of body) get well, as after an illness, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? pinnaala avan sariyaahi ippoo munneviTa innum nallaavee irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After the sickness, he got well and is even better off than before</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow white</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLuttu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become white or pale<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa kuTumbatte iLandappuram avaLooTa muTi veLuttu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her hair grew white after the loss of her family</font><br> 1) (veLu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLeyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become white and clean, as by washing<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>naanga mette orekaLukku ?? pooTToom. avei rombavum veLLeyaahina</font><br> <font size=+1>We bleached the sheets and they became very white</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grow wrinkled</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukkam vizu)</font> 2 intr 3pn + dat <br> become wrinkled and shrivelled by old age<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa mohattule surukkam vizundu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Her face has grown wrinkled</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of body) get flabby with old age<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa uTal taLanduTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His body has grown wrinkled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>growl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muNumuNu)</font> 6 intr <br> grumble; murmur complainingly; mutter<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii ede paRRi muNumuNuttukkiTTu irukkaay?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you growling about?</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siiru)</font> 3 intr <br> snarl or complain angrily<br> ?? , ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? veele senjaa, selappeeru ?? ciiRinaalum poRumyaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you work on a hot line, you have to be polite even if people complain and growl</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(urumu)</font> 3 intr <br> grunt, as a pig, etc.; snarl, as a dog; (of people) murmur angrily<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukku vayadaanadaale avar urumuradu poolavum koobamaa iruppadupoolavum keekkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He sounds like he's growling and angry, but he's just old</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mozangu)</font> 3i <br> (of things) make a growling sound, as thunder, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>durattule iTi mozanguvadu engaLukku keeTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We could hear thunder growling and rumbling in the distance</font><br> 1) (manahu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grown, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mudiru)</font> 2i <br> grow ripe and mature, as corn, vegetables, coconuts, etc.; ripen; reach maturity<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaasoolam vaLandu mudirndu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The corn is all grown and ripe now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muttu)</font> 3 intr <br> be full-grown or grow ripe, as vegetables, corn, etc.<br> <font size=+1>This year we've had so much rain, I don't think the vegetables will get full-grown</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vayadaahu)</font> 3b intr 3pn + dat <br> (of people) be of full size, be an adult; grow old; get older<br> . <br> <font size=+1>He is fully grown now, and needs to act like an adult</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> be cultivated, as crops, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda pahudiyile ennenna payir vaLarRudu?</font><br> <font size=+1>What crops are grown in this region?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grub</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTiyale)</font> 2a tr <br> grub about; seek or search, as for information, facts, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela mirunga uNave maNNil teeTiyalenju perukiRana</font><br> <font size=+1>Some animals get all their food by grubbing it up from the soil</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> dig, chop, break the ground<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>nelattaTiyile irukkum veereum ?? kotti eTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to grub out the roots and truffles, which are all underground</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pezeppe naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> lead a hard life; drudge; eke out an existence<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga ippoo ange eedoo pezeppe naTattiTTu varaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They're just grubbing out a life there now</font><br> 1) (teeTi tiri) 2b tr<br> 2) (pozacci keTa) 7ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grub about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLari teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> seek or search by digging, as for food<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ingee romba oNNum vaLarudillai. aanaa keLari teeTinaa eedaavadu keTeccaalum keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>There isn't much growing there, but if you grub around, you might find something</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grub out, up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nooNTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> root up or dig up, as stumps, etc.; clear, as of roots, stumps, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veerukaLe nooNTiyeTuttu inda maNNe vaLarcitarum vayalaa mattaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to grub up those roots and convert this soil to productive fields</font><br> 1) (paricc-eri) 2b tr<br> 2) (tooNTi eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungiyeri)</font> 2b tr <br> root out, stump out, pick out, as weeds, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda vakeyaana kaLekku veer niiLama irukkum. adanaale ade piTungiyeRiyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>That kind of weed has deep roots, so you need to grub them out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grudge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcal paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be unwilling to give up an old dislike of s.o. or s.t.; share s.t. unwillingly; feel dislike, ill will or envy<br> <font size=+1>You don't have to be so selfish--you could grudge her some of the credit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grudge (bear a)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vayiru eri)</font> 2b intr <br> feel resentment, envy or malice<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vazkepuuraa avane paattu vayiRu erinjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She bore a grudge towards him for the rest of her life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> show displeasure, grudge or anger; withhold support for s.t. because of bad feelings, resentment<br> .<br> <font size=+1>orttare paattu orttaru karuvakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>nobody should bear a grudge towards another person</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gruesome</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be shocking, horrid or horrible<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda kaacci kooramaa irundadu. ade avangaLaale tolekaacciyile kaaTTamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a gruesome sight, which they couldn't show on television</font><br> 1) (bayangramaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be grisly, disgusting or repugnant<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? avanga kaNTupiTiccadu rombavum aruvaruppaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>What they discovered in the concentration camps was simply gruesome</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gruff, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moraTTuttanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be rough, impolite or brusque, as in behaviour, in o's way of speaking, etc.<br> . ......<br> <font size=+1>avar orumaadiri moraTTuttanamaa irukkaan. aanaa avanooTa ...</font><br> <font size=+1>He's kind of gruff, but his bark is worse than his bite.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karakara)</font> 6i <br> (of voice) be hoarse; be harsh or rough; be low<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kural karakaraNNu taaLndu irukku. aanaa avan rombavum nallavan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has a gruff, low voice, but he's really very nice</font><br> 1) (kaaTTuttanamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(siirivizu)</font> 2 intr <br> be brusque, impatient or surly, as in o's manner of speaking<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>anda aluvalagattile irukkum ?? enniTam siirivizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The clerk in that office was very gruff with me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muNumuNu)</font> 6 intr <br> complain; mutter; mumble<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tanakku sariyaa maarkku keTekkaleNNu muNumuNuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was grumbling because she didn't get good grades</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grumble (cf grouse, complain)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urumu)</font> 3 intr <br> growl; snarl<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nii ivvaLavu sattamaa uruma veeNTiyadille!</font><br> <font size=+1>You don't have to grumble so loudly!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b intr <br> rumble, as thunder<br> <br> <font size=+1>selasameyam iTi mulangum selasameyam adu iTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Sometimes the thunder rumbles, and sometimes it grumbles</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ire)</font> 2b intr <br> gripe, rumble, as the bowels<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanukku eedoo vayiru puucci vandirukku. adu avanooTa vayatte irekka seyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He's got some intestinal bug, and it makes his gut grumble and gurgle</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(munahu)</font> 3 intr <br> mutter, mumble or murmur in discontent; complain inarticulately<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii munaha poorayuNaa, ade nii tiruttamaana aangilattule ezuditaruvaay enpadudaan en ishTam</font><br> <font size=+1>If you're going to grumble, I'd prefer you write it down in clear English</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kore sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> complain; express discontent or dissatisfaction<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa veeleye patti rompa naaLa kore sollikkiTTu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's been grumbling about his job for a long time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>grunt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urumu)</font> 3 intr <br> make a grunt, as a pig; growl or snarl<br> <br> <font size=+1>panriyum naayum uRumum</font><br> <font size=+1>Pigs and dogs grunt</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(munahu)</font> 3 intr <br> make an inarticulate sound; grumble; moan; groan, as with pain, discontent, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane neettu raattiri enna senjeNu keeTTaa summa munahuRaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When you ask him what he did last night, he just grunts</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guarantee</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give a promise, an assurance, or a guarantee; swear on a stack of bibles<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaNTi ungaLukku enda piraccaneyum kuTukkaaduNNu naan urudi kuTukkiReen</font><br> <font size=+1>I guarantee that you won't have any trouble with this car</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urudi sollu)</font> 3 intr <br> promise; assure; give an assurance or guarantee<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda poruL veele seyyumuNNu urudi kuuRuRaanga; illeeNNaa onnooTa paNatte tiruppi kuTuppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>This product is guaranteed to work; if it doesn't they give you your money back</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaamiin kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give collateral, security for; act as a guarantor<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I had to put up some property in order to guarantee the loan</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(uttiravaadam kuTu)</font> 6 trr <br> promise; give a guarantee; act as a guarantor<br> <br> <font size=+1>idukku uttiravaadam kuTukka engkiTTe paNamille</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't have any money to give as a guarantee for this</font><br> 1) (geeranTTii kuTu) 6 ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadukaa)</font> 6 tr <br> protect; defend or watch over; keep safe, as from anger, invasion, etc.; keep, as a secret<br> .<br> <font size=+1>aTuttadaa enna naTakkumNu namakku teriyadadaale namme paadukaakka avanga veeNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>We need them to guard us, because we don't know what will happen next</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> control, or keep under control, as o's temper, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>en kobatte naan aTakkikiTTeen. aanaa uLLukkuLLee naan komuRikkiTTu irundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I guarded my temper, but I was fuming internally</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (kaTTu-paTutti-koo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaval seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> keep watch; keep s.o. or s.t. under watch; act as a guard, sentry, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan raattiriyile inda iTatte sutti kaaval seyvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He will guard the perimeter of the property on the night shift</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> protect, as from danger, etc.; watch over or keep safe; save or defend; keep, as a secret<br> <font size=+1>We need people to guard over us and protect our safety</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guard against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTukka paar)</font> 6 tr <br> try to prevent; take special precautions against, as a disease, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>inda marundu tarceyalaa eerpaTum ?? taTukka paakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This medicine will guard against accidental infection</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guarded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadukaappaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be protected; be watched over; be safe<br> <font size=+1>We are guarded and protected by a thick high wall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eccarikkeyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be cautious, careful or wary<br> . <br> <font size=+1>He made some guarded statements, but didn't commit himself to much</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naakku aTakku)</font> 3 trr <br> guard o's tongue<br> . .<br> <font size=+1>avaLukku naakku niiLam. adanaale ava naakku aTakki peecaNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>She has a loose tongue, so she needs to be more guarded in what she says</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kavanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be careful, cautious or watchful<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii enna solluRaay enbadile kavanamaa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Please be very guarded in what you say</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guess</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuhi)</font> 6b tr <br> infer; suppose; conjecture<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vayase sariyaa uuhikkradu romba kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is very difficult to guess her age correctly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uuhi)</font> 6b tr <br> infer; deduce; conclude, reason, work out; glean, divine, intuit, understand, assume, presume, conjecture , surmise, reckon; (inf.) figure out<br> <br> <font size=+1>gauriyooTa vayase sariyaa uuhikka muTiyaliyee</font><br> <font size=+1>I am unable to guess Gauri's age correctly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uuhi)</font> 6b tr <br> infer; deduce; derive; estimate without calculation or measurement, or on the basis of inadequate data; conjecture, surmise, reckon, fathom, hypothesize, postulate, predict, speculate<br> <br> <font size=+1>sariyaana viTaya uugiccaa pattu ruubaa parisu taruveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will give a prize of 10 ruppees if you guess the right answer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> conjecture; estimate; think or suppose<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nii sariyaana padil aLikkaNum. summa eNNikkeyaa sollakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to come up with the exact answer, not just guess at it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(anumaani)</font> 6b tr <br> suppose; conjecture; think or consider likely<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava peesuvadevaccu ava veeru naaTTile pirandaaLuNu naan anumaanikkiReen</font><br> <font size=+1>I guess that she was born in another country, from the way she speaks</font><br> 1) (nene) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(yuuhi)</font> 6b tr <br> make a guess about or at; estimate or conjecture about; get to know by guessing, as the intention of s.o., etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avanooTa nookkam ennaNu unnaale yuuhikka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you guess what his intentions are?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guess (about, at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(yuuhiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make a guess about, as s.o.'s age, thoughts, etc.; form an estimate or conjecture; suppose correctly<br> <font size=+1>same as next</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to guess her age; I guarantee you'll be wrong</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(yuuhiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make a guess about, as s.o.'s age, thoughts, etc.; form an estimate or conjecture; suppose correctly<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa vayasu yuuhicciTu, adu nicciyamaa tappaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to guess her age; I guarantee you'll be wrong</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaurava naTiharaa tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> appear as a guest artist<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan laas veehasile pala more kaurava naTiharaa tooNi irukkaar. aanaa kadanayakanaa tooNaville</font><br> <font size=+1>He guested in Las Vegas several times, but never as the main event</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaurava naTikeyaa tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> appear as a woman guest artist<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava aTutta maaccam kaarnahi aalile kaurava naTikeyaa tooNuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She will guest at Carnegie Hall next month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guffaw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(hahhaaNNu siri)</font> 6b intr <br> laugh boisterously; laugh rudely or mockingly; roar with laughter, laugh heartily/loudly, roar, bellow, cackle<br> . j <br> <font size=+1>avan romba tamashaTippaan. avanooTa jookkukaLe keeTTu naan hahhaaNNu sirippeen</font><br> <font size=+1>He's so funny, I just guffaw when I hear his jokes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi sirippu siri)</font> 6b intr <br> let out or burst out into a guffaw; laugh boisterously<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiiruNu elloorum veTi sirippu sirittaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All of a sudden everybody was laughing and guffawing uproariously</font><br> 1) (balamaa iri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazikaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> lead<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avar oru romba nalla talaivar; engaLukku manasu kozappamaa irundapoodellaam avar taan engaLukku vazikaaTTinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He is an excellent leader; when we were confused in our minds, it was he who guided us and showed us what to do.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> steer, pilot or lead; control or direct s.o. or s.t. to move in a certain way, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda koLkedaan namma peeccuvaartekaLe vazi naTatti poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>This will be the policy that will guide our deliberations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vazippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> supervise, as a guide; direct in the right way, as an advisor, counselor, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar en paTTapaTippu aaraaycciye vazippaTuttinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He guided my research for the dissertation</font><br> 1) (kuuTTi-kiTTu poo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vazikaaTTiyaa seyalpaTu)</font> 4i <br> act as a tourist guide<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyil kaalattule avar suRRulaa payanikaLukku vazikaaTTiyaa seyalpaTTu nereya iTangaLe sutti kaaTTinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He guides tourists around the various sights during the summer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guilty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ? ?</B> <font size=+1>(?)</font> <font size=+1>He's guilty as hell!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gullible, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be easily deceived or cheated; easily persuaded to believe s.t.; credulous; naive, over-trusting, over-trustful, easily deceived, easily taken in, exploitable, dupable, impressionable, unsuspecti<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanga rombavum eemaaRuraanga, edeyum nampuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They're so gullible, they'll believe anything</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaaLiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a sucker or a fool; be naive, over-trusting, over-trustful, easily deceived, easily taken in<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan romba eemaaLiyaa irukkaan, naam avane eLidaaka eemaattiTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>He's such a gullible fool, we can easily pull the wool over his eyes</font><br> 1) (moosam poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gulp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizungu)</font> 3 tr <br> swallow; drink in large drafts; eat in large morsels<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda kuTipaanam ennaaNu terinjikrattukku munnaaTiyee ade avan vizungi kuTicciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gulped down the drink before he realized what it was</font><br> 1) (muzungu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gulp back/down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hold back, suppress or control, as a sob, tears, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavanga ava azuvade keeTTakuTaaduNu ava tanooTa azuheye aTakkikiTTa</font><br> <font size=+1>She had to gulp back the tears so that people wouldn't hear her crying</font><br> 1) (vizungiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gulp down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizungu)</font> 3 tr <br> swallow up; devour; eat up; cram; stuff in; down s.t.; eat, consume, ingest; wolf down; (inf.) inhale<br> !<br> <font size=+1>muttu muTTeye appaTiyee vizungiTTaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>Muthu gulped down the egg, just like that!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(lapak lapakkNNu vizungu)</font> 3 tr <br> swallow hastily or greedily in a few gulps; swig, quaff, swill down, down; (inf.) knock back, slurp.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paale oreeyaTiya lapak lapakkNNu vizungiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gulped down the milk in one go</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gum (Brit. only) see also glue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pase taTavi oTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stick with gum<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avanga suttiTNTu pooy kuuTTatte pattiya ?? pace taTavi oTTunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They went around and gummed up notices about the meeting</font><br> 1) (goondu taTavi oTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gum up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> foul up, mess up; spoil; make inoperative or unworkable, as a plan, etc.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>adu ellatteyum nallaavee keTuttuTTadu!</font><br> <font size=+1>That really gummed up the works!</font><br> 1) (kolecc-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gummy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pisin kasi)</font> 2b tr <br> exude resin or some such sticky substance<br> ?? , ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? maram rombavum picin kaciyudu, aanaa anda ?? obayookamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The Eucalyptus tree is very gummy, but the resin is useful</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pisinaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become viscous; be clogged with resin or sticky substance<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>anda maram pisinaaha irukkum oru ?? kasiyudu. adu enga naTepaadeye picuppicuppaakki irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That tree releases a resin that's very gummy, and in fact has gummed up our driveway</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(picu picu)</font> 6 intr <br> be sticky, gooey, gluey, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu oru picu picuppaana poruL</font><br> <font size=+1>It's a gummy substance</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(koondu kasi)</font> 2b tr <br> exude gum<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maram rompa koondu kasiyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tree is very gummy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gun</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaksilareeTTar kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> turn the accelerator fast in order to speed up, as a scooter, motorcycle, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? vaNTi ooTTunarga nereya muRe aaksilareeTTar kuTuppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Immature drivers tend to gun their engines a lot</font><br> 1)( ) ((aaksilareeTTare) azuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuppaakkiyaale suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shoot with a gun<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avangaLe irakkamillaama tuppaakkiyaale suTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gunned them down in cold blood</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuppaakkiyaale veeTTeyaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> hunt with a gun<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan onne tuuppaakkiyaale veeTTeyaaTuraan. adanaale nii eccirikkeyaa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>He's gunning for you, so you had better watch it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gun down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((tuppaakkiyaale) suTTu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> shoot down (with a gun)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>iNNikki iraakkile aneehamaa (tuppaakkiyaale) suTTu taLLapaTum vaayppu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>In Iraq today you're very likely to be gunned down by some insurgent</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gun for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTikiTTiru)</font> 7 intr, tr <br> keep seeking; be on the lookout in order to catch, harm or kill<br> , <br> <font size=+1>eccirikkeyaa iru, avanga unne teeTikiTTu irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Watch out, they're gunning for you.</font><br> 1) (ozikka paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeya paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> seek or try to obtain; aim for<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>avan ?? aTeyap paakkuRaan. ade aTeya enna veeNunaalum seyvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's gunning for a promotion, and will do anything to get it</font><br> 1) (tolekka paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gurgle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( )</B> <font size=+1>(salasalaNNu (salasalattu))</font> 3 intr <br> (of river, etc.) flow with a gurgling sound<br> ( ) . <br> <font size=+1>ooTe salasalaNNu (salasalattu) peesudu. adu rombavum amediyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The creek gurgles and babbles, and it's very restful</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(cala cala)</font> 6 i <br> (of river, stream, etc.) make a gurgling sound<br> <font size=+1>same as p</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gush</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozi)</font> 2b tr, intr <br> pour forth; shed; scatter; effuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTattin aTipahudiyile irunda ooTTe vaziyaa niir uLLee pozindudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Water gushed in through the hole in the bottom of the boat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( )</B> <font size=+1>(piiriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> flow out or stream out, as water, etc.; spurt out, as blood, etc.<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avanukku aTippaTTadum kaayattule irundu rattam piiriTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When he was wounded, the blood just gushed out of his wound</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piicciyaTi)</font> 6b t, intr <br> gush out; spurt out; squirt out<br> <br> <font size=+1>pai oTenju niir en meele piicciyaTittadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bag broke and the water gushed out all over me</font><br> 1) (piiriTTu koTTu) 3 intr<br> 2) (piiriTTu paayi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gush over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sala salaNNu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> praise, talk, be effusive about; gush on about; talk endlessly about<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa ammaa avaLooTa peerakkuzandekaLe patti sala salaNNu peesi, engaLukku poheppaTangaLe kaaTTinaaL</font><br> <font size=+1>His mother gushed over her grandchildren, showing us all pictures</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttam paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> clean, as a chicken, fish, etc. for cooking<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooziye samekkum munne ade suttam paNNaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to gut the chickens first, before you cook them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sedeccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> remove the essential substance of, make a hash of s.t., make shapeless, amorphous<br> <br> <font size=+1>mudalaali ennooTa tiTTatte muzukka muzukka sedeccuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss totally gutted my program</font><br> 1) (naasam-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koTaleTu)</font> 4tr <br> remove the bowels of<br> <br> <font size=+1>miinin koTaleTuppadu rombavum eLidu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fish are easy to gut</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>guzzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr, intr <br> drink (liquor) greedily and frequently; gulp down (beer, brandy, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava denamum viTaama naalaindu kuTikaL pooTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She guzzles 4 or 5 drinks every night without fail</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> drink eagerly or greedily; drink a large quantity<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>nii inda paanatte muTTu veeNaam; meduvaa kuTi</font><br> <font size=+1>You don't need to guzzle that drink; take it easy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gyp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2 tr <br> trick; swindle; defraud, deceive; obtain by deception; beguile, double-cross, swindle, take advantage of, dupe, fleece, hoodwink<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne moosam senjavangaLe naan summaa viTamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will not forgive the guys who gypped me</font><br> 1) (vanji) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moosaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cheat; swindle; hoodwink; defraud s.o.; trick, dupe, deceive, fool, hoax, bamboozle; (inf.) fleece, do, con, sting, diddle, swizzle, rip off, take for a ride, pull a fast one on, put one over on,<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga unne moosaTi senjirukkaangaNu naann nenekkiReen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think they gypped you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaatti paricukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> rob or defraud s.o. of s.t.; deprive of rightful ownership; get too high a price for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avangaLooTa sotteyum niireyum eemaatti pariccukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gypped them out of their land and their water</font><br> 1) (moosaTi paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (eemaadi piTingi-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>gyrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sozalu)</font> 1 intr <br> whirl; move in a circle; turn round and round<br> . ??<br> <font size=+1>meelee irukkum inda cinna sakkam sozaludu. adudaan iyandiratte ??</font><br> <font size=+1>This little wheel here on top gyrates and stabilizes the machine</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>habitable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasikka tahu)</font> 2 intr <br> be capable of being inhabited; be fit for habitation<br> . <br> <font size=+1>viiTu ippoo vasikka tahundadaa irukku. aanaa naanga mudalule vandappoo adu appaTiyille</font><br> <font size=+1>The house is now habitable, but it wasn't when we arrived</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>habitual, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become a custom; become customary or usual, as getting up early, keeping late hours, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>paTTadaarikaLe pahal uNavu saappiTa aLeccuTTu poovadu nama ?? vazakkamaaha pooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It has become habitual for our chairman to take the graduates out to lunch</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahiTu)</font> 4 intr 3pn + dat <br> become a habit by learning, exercising or practising, as handwriting, playing the violin, dancing, etc.<br> -- <br> <font size=+1>avanukku kaalf pazahiTTadu -- avan ade denamum veLeyaaTuRaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Golf has become habitual for him--he plays it every day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakkamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become a practice or a habit, as smoking, eating at odd hours, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naaL muzukka saappiTaama irundu, raattiriyile nallaa saappiTuvadu avarukku pazakkamaahiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's become habitual with him to not eat all day long, then take a big meal at night</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>habituate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakkamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> accustom o.s., inure, break s.o. in to s.t.; train; get into the habit of<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii denamum oTal payirci seyrade toTandu pazakkamaakkikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Please try to habituate yourself to doing physical exercise daily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>habituate (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakkappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> accustom or habituate s.o. to; inure s.o. to; train s.o. to<br> <br> <font size=+1>uLLee vandadum kai kazuva naama avangaLukku pazakkappaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to habituate them to wash their hands when they come inside</font><br> 1) (pazakkappaTuttikkoo ~(sh tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakku)</font> 3 tr <br> train, as dogs, horses, etc.; accustom or inure (esp. animals) to; teach<br> <br> <font size=+1>unnooTa kuralukku naaykaLe pazakka muyaRci seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to habituate the dogs to the sound of your voice</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> chop, as branches, vegetables, etc.; clip, as leaves, twigs, etc.; sever, as a finger, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tanooTa verale veTTiyappoo avan kaaTTile seTikaLe veTTikiTTu irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was out in the forest, hacking down brush when he cut his finger</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b tr <br> chop, dig without care or precision<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ade summa iTicciTTu iru, adu varum</font><br> <font size=+1>Just hack away at it, it'll come</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> mince, as meat, etc.; break up, as the soil with a pickaxe, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>maNNe inda maNveTTiyaale kottu; adu rombavum kaTTiyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Hack up the soil with this plow; it's very hard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(narukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cut; slice; chop; trim; cut or slice into small pieces; chop up<br> <br> <font size=+1>vengaayatte cinna tuNTukaLaa narukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Hack up the onion into small slices</font><br> 1) (tuNTutuNTaa veTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(cinnaapinnappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> mutilate; mangle; disfigure; kick wildly or roughly; cut, chop, hew, lop, saw; slash<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan ade cinnaapinnappaTuttiTTaan; adu innum payanpaTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He just hacked it to pieces; it's useless now</font><br> </ul> use of a facility in a computer language for which it is not intended; break into computers via a weakness in the program or security system; enter electronic security systems via illegal means<br> <font size=+1>They hacked into the computers of that credit card company and stole 40,000,000 records</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hack (it, s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taangu)</font> 3 tr <br> bear s.t.; be able to stand s.t., as a job<br> <br> <font size=+1>inimee taangamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't hack it anymore; I'm going to throw in the towel.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hack (it. s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> handle, do s.t., be able to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaraale ide samaaLikka mudiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you think he can hack it?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hack o's way (through)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTi kiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> make o's way by cutting, hewing, as though through a forest, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan soole vaziyaa veTTikiTTu pooha veeNTiyadaayiRRu.adu avvaLavu aTarttiyaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He had to hack his way through the woods, it was so thick</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hackneyed, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLiccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be stale, banal or trite<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>anda sol puLiccu pooyyirukku; veera solle ubayoogi</font><br> <font size=+1>That phrase has become hackneyed and trite; please use something else</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saliccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be trite, cliched, banal or overdone; be out of date, be old-fashioned, be "old hat"<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? enRa solle keeTTu saliccu poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The phrase 'cutting edge' is sort of hackneyed now.</font><br> 1) (pazahi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>had, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b intr + dat <br> be obtained, gotten or found; be available<br> ?? ?<br> <font size=+1>inda maadiri ?? engee keTekkumuNNu unakku teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know where batteries like these can be had?</font><br> 1) (ahappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be deceived, tricked or fooled; be duped, gypped; have the wool pulled over o's eyes; be flummoxed; be the victim of a hoax, a lie, a deception<br> <br> <font size=+1>iraakke poruttavare nama arasaangattaale naama eemaandu poonoomuNNu teLivaahiducciiNu naan nenekkireen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think it's clear that we were had by the government, as it concerns Iraq</font><br> 1) (aha-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>haggard, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of face) be gaunt, wan, lean or bony, as from hunger, sleeplessness, deprivation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>iyoon keesiyes pappadukku olliyaavum oTungiyum irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Yon Cassius has a lean and haggard look.</font><br> 1) (surungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of face) look shrivelled, withered or wilted<br> <br> <font size=+1>uTalnele sariyillaamal poonappuram avar paakka rombavum vaaTi irundaar</font><br> <font size=+1>After the illness, he looked very haggard</font><br> 1) (vaaTi vadangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>haggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeram peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> bargain; haggle over price; barter, negotiate, dicker, quibble, wrangle; beat s.o. down, drive a hard bargain<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTekkaararkiTTe peeram peesi poTaveyooTa veleyile pattu ruubaa koracceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I haggled with the shopkeeper and got 10 rupees reduction on the saree's price</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taharaaru paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> wrangle, dispute or argue; take issue with<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga pala vishayangaLe patti tahkaraaru paNNoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We haggled and wrangled over various things</font><br> 1) (vele peesu) 3 tr<br> 2) (saNTe piTi, puTi) 6b ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((aalangaTTi maze) peyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> pour down, as hailstones; come down in large numbers; be inundated, overwhelmed, or flooded with s.t.<br> ?? ?? ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naaTTin talenakarattile ippoo ?? ?? (aalangaTTi mazeyaay) peyyidu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's hailing writs and subpoenas right now in the nation's capitol.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varaveerpaLi)</font> 6 trr <br> welcome; greet; receive with enthusiasm, as a work of art, a champion, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama jeyiccavanukku varaveerpaLikkanuNumuNNu avan nenekkiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He thinks we should hail the conquering hero</font><br> 1) (varaveerppu kuTu) 6 ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(katti kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr, intr <br> shout or call out loudly; shout out<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare teruvile paattadaale naan avare duurattilirundu katti kuuppiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I saw him on the street, so I hailed him from a distance</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pozi)</font> 2t&i <br> pour down, as rain, etc.; shower, as gifts, affection, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaniTam vaazttukkaL pozinjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They hailed compliments on him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shout or call out to, as a person, etc.; shout, as s.o.'s name to greet him or catch his attention; call out, as for a taxi, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>niyu yaakkil Takci kuuppiTa nii eppavaacci moyaRci senjirukkeyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Have you ever tried to hail a taxi in New York?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hail as</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(-NNu varaveeru)</font> 3 tr <br> greet s.o. or s.t. as; proclaim that x is s.t. great, exceptional, etc.<br> <font size=+1>check verb</font><br> <font size=+1>He's hailed as the founder of the microcomputer revolution.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hail from</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) (~X~) </B> <font size=+1>((@X@)lerundu vaa)</font> 2ci <br> come from; claim x as o's place of origin<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avar sikkakoovilirundu vaandavar, aannaa ippoo pilaariTaavile vaandukkiTTu irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He hails from Chicago, but now he lives in Florida</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hairy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi aTandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be closely or thickly covered with hair<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naaykku muTi aTandirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That dog is very hairy</font><br> 1) (mayir nerenj-iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (muTi nirenjiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi maadiriyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> look like or resemble hair<br> , <br> <font size=+1>adu paakka muTi maadiri irukku, aanaa adu seyaRke muTi</font><br> <font size=+1>It's hairy-looking, but it's actually artificial hair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiyaal aakiyiru)</font> 7i <br> consist of or be made up of hair<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>adu muTiyaale aakiyiruppadaale muTiyooTa panmeye koNTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It has a hairy consistency because it's made of hair</font><br> 1) (mayir aTand-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mayir paTandiru)</font> 7i <br> be covered with hair; (of hair) spread all over<br> ?? ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? manidanukkum irukkum vitiyaasam ennaanaa ?? mayir paTandirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The difference between apes and humans is that apes are completely hairy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>half-baked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are veekkaaTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be incompletely or insufficiently baked, as food; be unrealistic or eccentric; be crude; be inexperienced or immature<br> . <br> <font size=+1>iraakkukku poonappa avanga oru are veekkaaTaa irunda tiTTatte veccirundaanga. adu namme engee vandu viTTirukkuNNu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>They had a half-baked plan when they went into Iraq, and now look where it's got us</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(are koreyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be incomplete; be incompletely or insufficiently prepared or planned; be immature, inexperienced or crude<br> . ??<br> <font size=+1>avan oru ara koreyaa irukkira tiTTatte veccu irukkaan. adu ??</font><br> <font size=+1>He has a half-baked plan, and it's obvious</font><br> 1) (pakkuvam aTeyaadiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>half-dead, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttuyiraa keTa)</font> 7i <br> be or lie exhausted, immobile, as if partially dead<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda kozande angee kuttuyiraa keTanducci. aanaa avanga ade kaappaattiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The child was lying there, half-dead, but they managed to save it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>half-deaf, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are seviTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be partially deaf; be hard of hearing<br> <br> <font size=+1>icai rombavum sattamaa irundadaale paaTTu kacceeriyil irundu naan veliyee vandappoo enakku are seviTaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I emerged from the concert half-deaf, because the music was so loud</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>half-hearted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are madeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be indifferent; be unenthusiastic; hesitate<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>?? irukka are madeyaa irukkum moyarci. aanaa adu toolviyuRRadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a half-hearted attempt to be sensitive, but it failed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>half-naked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are nirvaaNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be half-clothed or half- clad<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda suRRulaa payanikaL paali kaTalkareyile are nirvaaNamaa irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Those tourists run around on the beaches of Bali half-naked</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>half-starved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are paTTini keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> be insufficiently fed; fast half the time<br> <br> <font size=+1>sunaamiyaale sela kozandenga are paTTini keTandu poodaana sattillaama irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of the tsunami, some of the children are half-starved, and undernourished</font><br> 1) (are paTTiniyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>half-witted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are kirukkaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be feeble-minded, foolish or stupid<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adu are kirukkaa irunda tiTTam. avan ade ippoo varuntikiRaan</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a half-witted scheme, and now he regrets it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hallow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(punidappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make holy or sacred<br> ~ /11~ <br> <font size=+1>~L/11~ vin taakkudaL naTanda iTam ippoo palaraale punidappaTuttapaTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The site of the 9/11 attacks is now seen as hallowed ground by many</font><br> 1) (parisuttamaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> honor; venerate; praise in reverence<br> <font size=+1>check verb. maybe punita taLam?</font><br> <font size=+1>Lincoln declared that the Gettysburg battlefield was hallowed ground</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hallowed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poottappaTu)</font> 4i <br> be praised, venerated or honored<br> " " <br> <font size=+1>kirustuva piraattanekaLile selasamayangaLile "unnooTa peyar pooRRapaTum" enRa soRkaL irukkiRana</font><br> <font size=+1>Christian prayers sometimes contain the phrase "Hallowed be thy Name"</font><br> 1) (punidamaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>halt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tangu)</font> 3 intr <br> stay; break, as a journey, etc. and take up lodging, as for the night<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiriyile kooyambuttuurile tanginoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We halted for the night at Coimbatore</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring to a stop; cause to halt; cause to stop<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangam inda pazakkatte niruttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The government needs to halt this practice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> come to a stop or halt; stop<br> , ! ?? <br> <font size=+1>nillu, illeeNNaa naan suTTuTuveen! enpadedaan iraaNuvaviirarkaL ?? solvadaa karudapaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Halt, or I'll shoot! is what soldiers are traditionally thought to say</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) g </B> <font size=+1>(tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> hesitate; be of two minds<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna solluvaduNNu teriyaama naan oru kaNam tayangineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I halted for a moment, because I was not sure what to say</font><br> 1) (niNNuTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (taTumaaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>halting, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noNTu)</font> 3 intr <br> limp; walk lame<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar noNTi naTakkuraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He walks in a halting manner</font><br> 1) (moNTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>halve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadiyaa kore)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce to half<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>uNavupaNTangalin ?? avanga paadiyaa korekka pooraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are going to halve the allottment of foodstuffs</font><br> 1) (paadi paadiyaa piri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(reNTaa piri)</font> 6b tr <br> divide into two or halves<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda inippe seyya, kuurmeyaana kattiyaale pazatteyellaam raNTaa pirikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>To make this dessert, you halve the fruits with a sharp knife</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paadiyaa piri)</font> 6b tr <br> divide into halves; cut in two<br> ?? ( )<br> <font size=+1>?? hoTTalkaLile tangi enga selave naanga paadiyaa piriccoom (koreccoom)</font><br> <font size=+1>We halved our expenses by staying in cheap hotels</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>halves, go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadiyaa pangipaTu koo)</font> 1t <br> share equally, as property, etc.; divide up expenses equally; portion out equally<br> <br> <font size=+1>selave naama paadiyaa pangipaTukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's go halves on the expenses.</font><br> 1) (paadiyaa piriccukkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ham (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oovar aakT paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> overact; act with exaggerated expression, etc.; overdo an act<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>avanaale anda kadapaattiratte summaa naTakkamuTiyaadu. avan oovar aakT paNNaNum!</font><br> <font size=+1>He can't just play the part, he has to ham it up!</font><br> 1) (meheppaTa naTi) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hammer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> drive in by hammering, as a pole or peg into the ground<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? mattaikaLe nilattile erakkinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We hammered the tent poles into the ground</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTi uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> beat into shape; work in metal; shape, as a metal object by hammering<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda ulooha tozilaaLikaL taTTukkaLe taTTi uruvaakkuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Those metal workers shape the trays by hammering them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> drive in by hammering, as a nail, a peg, etc.; hit with a hammer, as when driving in a nail, flattening a dent, etc.<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>anda aaNikaLe paar? ade uLLee aTi</font><br> <font size=+1>See these nails? Hammer them all in</font><br> 1) (suttiyaale aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hammer away at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veele senju kiTTee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> keep working or occupied, as throughout a day, etc.; strive or work hard to give a proper shape to; struggle or strive to finish or complete<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan naaLmuzukka inda arikkeyile veele senju kiTTee irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've been hammering away at this report almost all day.</font><br> 1) (uruvaakka paaTupaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi tiruppi sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> say s.t. repeatedly; repeat; reiterate for emphasizing, fixing in mind, etc.; hammer in<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>avar avarooTa ?? solla ille. ade oru maNi neeram tiruppi tiruppi sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He didn't just make his point, he hammered away at it for an hour!</font><br> 1) (tirumba tirumba aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccukkiTTee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> keep hitting; hit repeatedly; pound on s.o.; beat up on s.o.<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>avane aTiccukkiTTee iru, avan unnakku turuppi kuTuppaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>You keep hammering away at him, he'll get back at you!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hammer down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are)</font> 2t <br> drive in, beat down or ram down by hammering, as a nail in the wall, in a plank, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii pooyyi veliyee teriyum aaNikaLe arenduviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Okay, go around and hammer down any nail you see sticking up</font><br> 1) (erakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (aTi) 6b tr<br> 3) (aTiccu erakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hammer into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjukka vekka tiruppi sollu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause s.o. to understand s.t. by repeating it; repeat s.t. so that s.o. can understand it; reiterate<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? niireyum seekka kuuTaaduNNu terinjukka vekka tiruppi sonneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to hammer it into his brain that he should not mix the acid with water.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hammer out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> beat down flat; flatten by hammering, as a dent in a bumper, a metalware, etc.<br> ?? ?? <br> <font size=+1>taTTiTa veeNTiya sela ?? ?? irukkirana</font><br> <font size=+1>There are some dents in the fender that need to be hammered out</font><br> 1) (taTTi eTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (taTTiyeTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peesi uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> form or create, as an agreement, etc. by discussion or negotiation<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>ellooreyum sandooshapaTuttakkuuTiya ?? avanga peesi uruvaakkunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They managed to hammer out an agreement that satisfies all parties</font><br> 1) (taTTi-eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hammer together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNiyiTiccu tayaar paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> put together or assemble, as a box, etc. by driving in nails<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda peTTikaLe appurama aaNiyiTiccu tayaar paNNuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>These boxes are then assembled by hammering them together</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hammer up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNiyaTiccu maaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put up on display (as a notice, etc.) by nailing; drive a nail and hang, as a picture, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avanga ella eTattukkum pooyyi ?? aaNiyaTiccu maaTTunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They went around and hammered up notices everywhere</font><br> 1) (aaNiyaTiccu nikkavayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNiyaTiccu tongaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> hang by nailing, as a picture on the wall, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTangaLe aaNiyaTiccu tongaviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Hammer up these pictures?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hamper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be or act as an obstruction, hindrance or impediment<br> , ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>nii ooTa nenekkumboodu seruppu (onakku) taTangalaa (eTanjalaa) irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you wish to run, chappals (sandals) will hamper you.</font><br> 1) (kurukkee nillu) 5c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangal paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> impede, obstruct or hinder<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?? pudumeppaTutta naanga eTutta moyaRciyeyellaam avangaLooTa kuuTTam taTangal paNNaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Their group hampered all our efforts to modernize the constitution</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be or act as an obstruction, drawback, hindrance or impediment<br> . ?? <br> <font size=+1>aalbaniyin saTTasabaye tirutta nerayapeeru moyarci senjaanga. aanaa ?? ella moyarcikkum taTeyaa irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People have tried to reform the legislature in Albany, but entrenched special interests hamper every effort</font><br> 1) (kurukkee nillu) 5c intr<br> 2) (eTanjalaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukkiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> interfere, as with o's movements, activities, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa kaalile irukkum ?? ennooTa asaivukaLe kurukkiTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This brace on my leg hampers my movements</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pick up and pass with the hand; pick up s.t. and give it to s.o. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda anjal ureye eTuttu kuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Please hand me the envelope</font><br> 1) (taa) 2c tr<br> 2) (eTuttu taa) 2c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTuttu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> distribute; give out, give away<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naaTTin sotteyellaam avanga kuTuttu taLLiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They handed away the riches of this country</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give back; return, as a loan, possession, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vinaaTivinaavaiyellaam iNNikki aaciriyar vahuppile tiruppi kuTuttuTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher handed back the quizzes in class today</font><br> 1) (tiruppi taa) 2c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toNNu toTTu vaa)</font> 2ci <br> be passed on, transmitted or bequeathed from ancient times, as a belief, a custom, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda sambaradaayam pazangaalattilirundu tonRu toTTu vandadaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>This a custom that has been handed down from the old days</font><br> 1) (parambarayaa vaa) 2c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazivaziyaa vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> be passed on or transmitted, as a custom, etc.; be bequeathed or passed on, as an heirloom, property, etc.<br> ? ?? <br> <font size=+1>inda ?? palak kaalamaa poNNukku ammaakiTTee irundu vazivaziyaa varuvadaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>This quilt has been handled down from mother to daughter for years.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samarppi)</font> 6 tr <br> submit, tender or give, as a resignation, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>edirkacciy talaivar tanooTa raajanaamaave innekki samarppittaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The opposition leader handed in his resignation today</font><br> 1) (kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6 tr <br> hand over, as change, etc.; give or surrender control of<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan ide muTicciTTeen. adanaale ide aTuttavarukku oppaTekkiReen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm finished with it now, so I'll hand it on to the next person</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give, transmit or pass, as a notice after reading it, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide paTittatum ungkaLuTaiya pakkattu viiTTukararukku koTungkaL</font><br> <font size=+1>After you read this, please hand it on to your neighbor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vinyooham paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> distribute or give out, as pamphlets, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avanga rayilnileyangaLile ?? viniyookam paNNikkiTTu irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They're handing out leaflets in the railroad stations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> mete out, as a punishment, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avadaan taNTaneye vazangupavaL</font><br> <font size=+1>She's the one who hands out the punishments</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pay; give; provide money to pay (a cost); cover, meet, square, settle, clear, discharge; foot the bill for;<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNatte kuTuttaadaan viiTTu saaviye taruveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will hand over the house keys only if you hand over the money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6 tr <br> give or surrender, as control, command, charge, etc.; deliver into custody or care<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>suvis vangiyile unnooTa ?? enna irukkuduNNu nii sonnaa naan nirvaahatte unnooTa kaiyile oppaTeppeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll hand over the reigns of power when you disclose what's in your Swiss bank accounts!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand s.t. down to s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTu poo)</font> 3 intr <br> pass on from one generation to another;<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>idu ennooTa koLLuppaati enakku viTTu poona ??</font><br> <font size=+1>This is an heirloom that was handed down to me from my greatgrandmother</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirppu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> deliver judgment, as at a court of law, etc.<br> ?? , <br> <font size=+1>pattu kaTTaLekaLe ?? vaippade patti, ucca niidimanRam neettu tiirppu sonnadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Supreme Court handed down its decision on the display of the Ten Commandments yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirppu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> deliver judgment, as at a court of law, etc.<br> ?? , <br> <font size=+1>pattu kaTTaLekaLe ?? vaippade paRRi, ucca niitimanRam neeRRu tiirppu connatu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Supreme Court handed down its decision on the display of the Ten Commandments yesterday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand, give s.o. a</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kai tuukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> help; assist; aid<br> . <br> <font size=+1>veeleye seyya enakku oru kai tuukiviTuNNu naanavane keeTTeen. aanaa avan illeeNuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I asked him to give me a hand with the job, but he refused</font><br> 1) (odavu) 3 tr<br> 2) (odavi paNNu) 3 tr<br> 3) ~(1 )~ (odavi seyyi) 2b ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand, lead by the</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi piTiccu kuuTTikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> lead s.o. by the hand, as across the street, etc.; give s.o. a hand<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>kizavikaLe saaleyei kaTakka kai piTiccu kuuTTikkiTTu pooradukku ?? puhaz peRRavanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Boy Scouts are famous for leading old ladies by the hand to cross the street</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hand, lend/give a</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi kuTuttu odavu)</font> 3 tr <br> lend a hand; assist or guide with the hand; help<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan kiizee poohurappoo, enakku yaaraavadu kai kuTuttu odavinaa naan meccuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I go downstairs, I appreciate it if someone can lend me a hand</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> help; assist; cooperate<br> , <br> <font size=+1>pensilveeniyaavile, pudu koTTake kaTTa ella Tac vivasaayikaLum kai kuTuppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In Pennsylvania, the Dutch farmers all lend a hand in putting up a new barn</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>handcuff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velangiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> tie the hands of; fasten, secure, tie, bind, tether, shackle, fetter, manacle, confine, restrain<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTane kaavaltore adihaari velangiTTu izuttuTTu poonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The police handcuffed the thief and took him away</font><br> 1)( ) ((kayyi) velangu pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2)( ) ((kayyi) velangu maaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>handicap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> obstruct; hinder<br> . <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadikaLe kaidu seyya adihaarihaLukku nereya sudandiram veeNum. aanaa nii avangaLe taTeppaTutta nenekkire</font><br> <font size=+1>The authorities need to have more freedom to arrest terrorists, but you want to handicap them!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a handicap or hindrance; be hampered or hindered by<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan vayasu avanukku taTeyaa (taTangalaa) irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was handicapped by his age.</font><br> 1) (taTangalaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (paadi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>handicapped, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uunamuru)</font> 1i <br> (of people) be physically disabled; (of parts of the body) be maimed or injured; (of sight, etc.) be impaired<br> . ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avar konjam uunamurru irukkaar. adanaale avarukku ellatteyum konjam naicaakkaNum ( sulapamaakkaNum )</font><br> <font size=+1>He is somewhat handicapped so we need to make things smoother for him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>handle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyaaL)</font> 1 tr <br> manage, feel , finger , hold , grasp , grip , pick up , caress , stroke , fondle , poke , maul<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda praccaneye romba gavanamaa kaiyaaLaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to handle this problem very carefully.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1tr <br> look after, deal with or manage, as accounts, a piece of work, children, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela naTkaLukku naan veyapaaratte kavanikkiRappoo nii kozandekaLe paattukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>You handle the children for a few days while I manage the business</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyaaLu)</font> 1 tr <br> use the hands on and lift, carry, move, etc.; employ or manipulate skillfully, as color, words, etc.<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>ide kavanamaa kaiyaaLaNum. adanaale edeyum kiizee pooTTuTaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>This has to be handled carefully, so don't drop anything!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vyaabaaram paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> do business; deal or trade, as in s.t.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>avanga kale kaNNaaTikaL ?? aahiyavarre viyaapaaram paNNuRaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They handle art glass and antiques and stuff</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> manage, deal with or control, as a situation, an argument, a person, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He handled the situation skillfully, so there was no trouble</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(ubayoohi)</font> 6b tr <br> use or employ, as words, color, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That artist handles color in very unusual ways</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(nirvaaham paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> manage, direct or control<br> <font size=+1>He handles the business, while she handles the household</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat, deal with (the problems of s.o.) or behave towards, as children, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If you handle the children well, they'll cooperate</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(villu)</font> 5c tr <br> sell; trade or deal in<br> <font size=+1>They handle used furniture only, including antiques</font><br> 1) (payan-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(vevari)</font> 6b tr <br> describe; treat or deal with, as a theme, a problem, a subject, etc. in writing, speech, research, etc.<br> <font size=+1>His dissertation tries to handle issues of sociolinguistic variation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>handpick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanamaa teendeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> select or choose carefully<br> <font size=+1>He was the candidate handpicked by the mullahs</font><br> 1) (porukki eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(porukki eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> choose or select carefully; select, as the best ones from a group, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They handpicked him to be the "conservative" on the court, but he defied their expectations</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>handsome, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azahaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be beautiful, attractive or good-looking<br> <font size=+1>He's handsome, but he hasn't got a brain in his head</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mihu)</font> 2i <br> be ample, considerable or plentiful<br> <font size=+1>I paid a handsome sum for it, but I got my money's worth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nallaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be well-proportioned and good-looking<br> <font size=+1>He designed a handsome building for the new museum</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(terameyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be skillful, clever or dextrous<br> <font size=+1>He does handsome work, and you can't see the seams</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>handy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkattle iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be near; be at hand; be accessible<br> <font size=+1>The shop is very handy to our house, so I go there often</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vasadiyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be convenient, be well-placed, be useful for s.o.;<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>ide veccuko; vasadiyaa irukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Hang on to this; it might come in handy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaikki eTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be within the reach of the hand; be within easy reach; be attainable<br> <font size=+1>I want it to be handy at night, so I keep it right here</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaitterame vaacciru)</font> 7i <br> be dexterous, skillful or deft with the hands<br> <font size=+1>He's very handy with tools, so he makes all kinds of things</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaikke odavu)</font> 3 intr <br> be at hand; be useful; come in handy<br> <font size=+1>He keeps it there so it'll be handy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tongaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> suspend; (cause to) let fall<br> <br> <font size=+1>saami paTangaLe variseyaa tongaviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Hang the pictures of the gods in a row</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tongu)</font> 3 intr <br> be suspended, as a picture, a shirt, a curtain, etc.; be pendant; be suspended, as from a gallows, etc.; (of a decision, etc.) be undetermined, be put off<br> <font size=+1>The picture is hanging in a prominent place</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tongaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> suspend, as a pendulum; place in position or fix, as a picture, a curtain, etc.; hang up, as a shirt on a hook, etc.; fix by means of hinges, as a door, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We hung it on a hook</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> swing, as a pendulum; dangle, as a suspended picture, curtain, body, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It hangs there where it's always been</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(talekuni)</font> 2b intr <br> hang o's head; be ashamed<br> <font size=+1>He hung his head in shame when I confronted him</font><br> 1) (maaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> place in position or fix, as a picture, a curtain, etc.; hang up, as a shirt, etc.; fix by means of hinges, as a door, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We hung up the new curtains on the old curtain rods</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stick or fix, as wallpaper<br> <font size=+1>Do you know how to hang wallpaper?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkule pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> execute by hanging<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane tuukkile pooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They hanged him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang about/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa kaattiru)</font> 7 intr <br> wait, stay or linger without any purpose or activity; hang out<br> <font size=+1>Those boys just hang out on the corner, and don't do a lick of work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkiTTu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> stay or remain near s.o.; follow or stick closely to s.o.; wander; loiter; keep moving idly<br> <font size=+1>Hang around here for a while, something may turn up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> wander; loiter; keep moving idly<br> <font size=+1>He hangs around in the neighborhood, sort of drifting</font><br> 1) (sutti tiri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang around/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa nillu)</font> 5d intr <br> stand still; dawdle; move very slowly; remain somewhere idly<br> <font size=+1>That's the kind of neighborhood where idle young men hang out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> delay; be slow to get ready<br> <font size=+1>Why are you hanging back? You should be in the front lines</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pinvaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> draw back; hesitate, as to move forward or to act<br> <font size=+1>I expected you to say something, not just hang back!</font><br> 1) (tayangu) 3 intr<br> 2) (tayakka-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ( ?)</B> <font size=+1>(kaatiru (kaattiru?))</font> 7 intr <br> wait or stay on purpose<br> <font size=+1>When it was time to leave, I hung back to speak with her</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be reluctant or unwilling; hesitate; be hesitant or reticent<br> <font size=+1>Don't hang back like that--step forward!</font><br> 1) (iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang in there</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> endure, as pain, annoyance, etc.; control o.s.; forebear<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar varavarekkum nii valiye poruttukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>You'll just have to hang in there and put up with the pain until the doctor comes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukku pooTTukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hang o.s.; commit suicide by hanging<br> <font size=+1>When they went up into the attic, they found that he had hung himself</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (tuukku maaTTi-koo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang on (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattiru)</font> 7 intr <br> wait; hold on, as while speaking on the telephone<br> <font size=+1>When I called, she asked me to hang on for a minute</font><br> 1) (sutti poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (poru) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti sozalu)</font> 1t <br> hinge on or depend on, as a theme, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It hangs on whether the police fired deliberately or by mistake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> keep hold of; hold fast; clutch; cling to<br> <font size=+1>Hang onto this, it may come in handy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang on (to) s.o.'s words</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanamaa keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> listen carefully or attentively<br> <font size=+1>They were really hanging on the Chief Justice's words for a sign that he might retire</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang onto</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTaama piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hold fast; cling to, as a support, etc.; hold onto, as o's ideal, religion, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You need to hang onto your values and beliefs, and not give up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappattikka paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> try to keep or hold onto, as o's property, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I told her to try to hang onto her property until prices go up some more</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkiTTu iru)</font> 7 intr, tr <br> frequent; go somewhere often to idle away time<br> <font size=+1>He hangs out in that beer joint most of the time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang out (of)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi paar)</font> 6 tr <br> lean out, as through a window, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When the troops marched down the boulevard, people were hanging out of windows, waving</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang out (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seendupazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be with as friend or companion; spend time with, associate with<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppavum taniyaa irukkaame ellaarooTayum seendu pazaharadu onakku nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>it's would be better for you to hang out with other people instead of being alone all the time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang out/around/on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> wait, remain, hang out, or stay around, as a person; exist or continue to exist, as a custom, practice, etc.; remain alive, as a person;<br> ( ) ; <br> <font size=+1>inda paarkkle engeeyaavadu iru; naan oTanee vanduTreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Hang out here in this park; I'll be there immediately.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandu vaa)</font> 2ct <br> hang over from; continue, as a custom from the past<br> <font size=+1>It's something that hangs over from the olden days</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> threaten; menace; cause s.o. to feel afraid<br> <font size=+1>The fear of failure is just hanging over him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be consistent or logical; fit together evenly<br> <font size=+1>The whole case hangs together very well now</font><br> 1) (seend-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be together; be united; be of one mind<br> <font size=+1>We're hanging together and we're united, so we can't fail!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttamaa vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> fit; be consistent; jive<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naavalooda pookku poruttamaa varalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The plot of the novel just doesn't hang together.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang tough</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavam keTa)</font> 2 intr <br> stand back; keep back; withhold from (doing s.t.); forebear<br> . <br> <font size=+1>enakku romba pasikkidu. saappaaTu tayaaraavura varekkum tavam keTakkaveeNiyadudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I am very hungry, but sounds like I have to hang tough until the food is ready</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tonga viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> suspend or put s.t. on a hook, etc.; disconnect a telephone, terminate a telephone conversation.<br> <font size=+1>If you don't like all these telephone solicitors, just hang up on them.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> delay; hold back<br> <font size=+1>There's something that is hanging us all up, and I can't figure out what it is</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hang with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seendupazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> associate as friend or companion; go around with; be friendly with<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>aafiisle veele seyra nallavangaLooTa seendupazahineen. adule enna kashTam irukku?</font><br> <font size=+1>I try to hang with the good guys who work in this office. What's wrong with that?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hanker</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> desire or wish<br> <font size=+1>He's sort of been hankering to get back to work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>happen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr 3 pn <br> take place; be enacted; come about<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandade patti kavaleppaTaama naTakkappoorada patti yoosippoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's not worry about what happened, let's think about the future.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neeriTu)</font> 4 i <br> turn out; occur, fare<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku kashTam neeriTradu patti kavaleyilleNNu poorviiran sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The soldier said that he did not worry about hardships happening.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tappi tavari eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> come about by chance or accident; occur because of happenstance or by a combination of circumstances<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaam tappi tavari eerpaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It all happened by accident.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> occur; come to pass<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandade pattiyee yoosiccukkiTTu irukkaame naTakkaveenTiyade paappom</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of thinking about what happened in the past, let's think about the future</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow; get (to); be; turn out<br> <br> <font size=+1>summaa appaTiyee naTandupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It just happened that way; that's just the way it is.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> grow; become (a certain way); be<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naaLekki ennaa aavum?</font><br> <font size=+1>What will happen tomorrow?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(neeriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of events) occur by chance or accident; befall to s.o., as a misfortune, etc.; (of people) chance, as to do s.t. or to see s.o., etc.<br> <font size=+1>It all sort of happened by chance that I met her on the street</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> take place; occur by chance or accident<br> <font size=+1>We were in London and we happened to meet them just by accident!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(etirppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> come into view; come in front; appear<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu kuuTTattile avan edirpaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He happened along at the meeting yesterday; I happened to see (encounter) him at the meeting yesterday.</font><br> 1) (neer-iTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (tooNu) 3c intr<br> 3) (neer-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> occur or come into existence, as life; appear, come into view or come in front<br> <font size=+1>I was walking by the river and he happened along</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayi)</font> 6 intr 3 pn + dat <br> obtain by chance; happen to get<br> <font size=+1>I happened to pick this up in a used book store</font><br> 1) (sambavi) 6b tr<br> 2) (neerpaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of bad events) occur; be produced as if by fate<br> , <br> <font size=+1>appaavukku eedaavadu eerpaTTaa, enakku teriya-paTuttu</font><br> <font size=+1>If anything happens to the father, let me know.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>happen (make)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make capable or possible; enable; capacitate<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>ide nii seyya muTiyaaduNNu neneppade viTTuTTu nallaa veele senju muTiyaseyyi!</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of thinking that you won't be able to do this, work hard and make it happen!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>happen (up)on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paakka neeru)</font> 2 tr <br> come upon s.o., s.t. by chance; chance to meet; stumble upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She happened to meet a Minister at a dinner.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>happen on, upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come accidentally, casually or by chance<br> <font size=+1>I happed upon him in the airport</font><br> 1) (paakka neeru) 2 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paakka neeriTu)</font> 4 tr 3pn <br> come upon, find or discover by chance<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona vaarandaan naan anda postahatte oru pazaya postaha kaTayile paakka neeriTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I happened on that book in an old book shop only last week.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>happy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mahiz)</font> 2i <br> be cheerful, joyful or contented; rejoice; exult<br> <font size=+1>You need to find ways to be happy in your life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ini)</font> 6i <br> be sweet, joyful or merry, as memories, wishes, etc.; be appropriate or felicitous, as a turn of phrase, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We had some happy and sweet memories of the past</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLi)</font> 6i <br> be merry, cheerful or joyful, as memories, moods, etc.; rejoice; bubble over<br> <font size=+1>Those were happy, cheerful times back then</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be glad, pleased or delighted; feel pleasure, joy or contentment<br> <font size=+1>I've very happy to meet you!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(gushayaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be cheerful, chipper, bouyant<br> <font size=+1>Boy, you're sure happy and chipper right now!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harangue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakkippeecu)</font> 3 tr <br> inveigh; attack verbally; declaim against; hold forth, lecture, harangue, rant, pronounce, sermonize, speechify, spout, make an oration, orate; cf. also give an address, give a lecture, deliver a se<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirkaTci talaivar modalamaiccare romba taakki peesinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The opposition leader harangued the chief minister in his speech</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazavazaNNu aru)</font> 6 tr, intr <br> give a long talk or lecture; speak tediously; keep scolding; bore<br> <font size=+1>He went on and on, haranguing the audience for their lack of support for his policies</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaveesamaa peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> talk or lecture passionately and vehemently in order to persuade or attack<br> <font size=+1>Castro is capable of haranging his audience for hours on end</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(porinju taLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> scold rapidly and vehemently; deliver a scathing attack or tirade in a rapid manner<br> <font size=+1>Khrushchev harangued the security council when it censured the USSR</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> annoy, bother, tire, bug<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tanakku eedaavadu oru veele vaangi tarumbaTi enne denamum paaTaa paTutturaan unnooTa sahoodaran</font><br> <font size=+1>your brother harasses me on a daily basis, asking me to help him get a job</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tondaravu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> trouble; pester; disturb; badger<br> <font size=+1>Don't let him see me, or he'll harass me about the money he says I owe him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naccari)</font> 6b tr <br> pester; badger; annoy; nag; harry; hastle<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I think we should harass the government, or they'll get away with murder</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tolle kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give trouble to; pester; disturb repeatedly<br> <font size=+1>She claimed he was harassing her</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(alekkazi)</font> 3 tr <br> vex; plague; harry<br> <font size=+1>This man has been harassing us for weeks; we need to get rid of him</font><br> 1) (ari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(naccari)</font> 6b tr <br> annoy, vex, irk, bother<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela naaLaa ennooTa tambi oru pudu peenaa veeNum appaTiNNu enne pooTTu naccarikkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>my little brother has been harrassing me for days, asking me to buy him a new pen</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harbor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manasule vaccukkiTTu iru)</font> 7 tr <br> keep or hold in the mind, as good or bad thoughts, feelings, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I harbor no ill-will towards him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTekkalam kuTu)</font> 6 trr <br> offer asylum, refuge, shelter or protection to s.t. or s.o.<br> <font size=+1>He claimed that they had been harboring suspected terrorists</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paaduhaappu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give protection to; protect; offer shelter or refuge to<br> <font size=+1>Are you harboring any fugitives you shouldn't be?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give room to; house; offer refuge or shelter to<br> <font size=+1>When he ran away from home, we harbored him for a while</font><br> 1) (tanjam kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(mareccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> hide or conceal, as a lawbreaker, etc. or a secret wish, an evil thought, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He was harboring the secret desire to run for public office</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hard up, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be short of, as money; be in need of, as money, etc.; be at a loss, as for words, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When he asked me that question, I was really hard up for an answer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paNamuTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr 3pn + dat <br> be short of money; be in need of money<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku paNamaTayaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm hard up for money.</font><br> 1) (serama-paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (paNa-kashTamaa iru) 7 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hard, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTumeyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be tedious, as an activity, a job, etc.; be difficult to answer, as a question; be tough to solve or manage, as a problem, a situation, etc.; be harsh and severe, as summer or winter; be rough or ster<br> <font size=+1>The work is hard, but it pays well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neraTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be abstruse, as a phrase, a passage, etc.<br> <font size=+1>This is a hard poem to translate</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be troublesome or difficult, as a task, etc.; be fatiguing or involving a lot of effort and energy, as an activity; be difficult to understand or manage, as a problem, etc.; be bad, unbearable or mise<br> <font size=+1>It's hard to understand him sometimes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTinamaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be tough and not soft, as a cake, etc.; be difficult to do, as a task, a job, etc.; be difficult to understand or answer, as a question; be difficult to solve, as a problem; be tough to manage, as a s<br> <font size=+1>That was a hard nut to crack</font><br> 1) (seramaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become rough and callous, as the hand, etc. from hard work<br> <font size=+1>His skin got hard and rough from making rope out of coir</font><br> 1) (geTTiyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTinamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (of mind) become insensitive and callous; (of attitude) become hard and unfeeling<br> <font size=+1>He hardened his hard toward his son</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(marattuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become numb; (of feelings) become pitiless, callous or insensitive<br> <font size=+1>I hardened himself to his imprecations</font><br> 1) (orenji poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTiyaahu, gaTTiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> congeal; solidify; become solid, as water into ice<br> <font size=+1>The glue will harden after a while</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(valuvaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become hard, as the body, steel, etc.; become strong and firm<br> <font size=+1>From all the working out and exercising, his body has hardened</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make firm or hard, as soil, earth, etc.; make tough, strong and hard<br> <font size=+1>If you're going to build on this soil, you need to harden it somehow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(valuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> toughen, as the body; make strong or hard, as steel, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He hardened his body through constant exercise</font><br> 1) (marattuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(iruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> become hard or congeal; (of heart) become callous, pitiless or insensitive; (of a hold, etc.) become firm or tight; (of mind) become tough or insensitive<br> <font size=+1>His heard hardened and he became ruthless and cruel</font><br> 1) (kallaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hardened, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iruhiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become hard, stiff or thick; become congealed or frozen<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLirle miTTaay irugiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of the cold, the candy got hard</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hardy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(valuvaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be strong and sturdy; be healthy and robust, as a plant, a person<br> <font size=+1>This is a very hardy plant that can stand extreme heat and cold</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taangu)</font> 3 tr <br> be durable; be able to bear hardship<br> <font size=+1>He's a hardy fellow, and can take a lot of tough stuff</font><br> 1) (tuNiccalaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (taakku piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hark</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b intr, tr <br> listen<br> <font size=+1>We need to hard to what he says, or we'll regret it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hark back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandadeyee peesikkiTTu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> keep talking about the past or things that happened in the past; keep thinking or mulling over past events; live in the past; mention past origins of s.t.<br> <font size=+1>He keeps harking back to things that happened long ago</font><br> 1) (naTandadeyee eNNikkiTTu iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?</B>atri mii38um ku6ippi <br> mention s.t. previously said; repeat what is said earlier; go back to what was done or said earlier<br> <br> <font size=+1>This harks back to what I said earlier--we need to think more about the future</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavanamaa keeLu)</font> 5b tr, intr <br> listen carefully; pay attention to; give heed to<br> <font size=+1>You need to harken to what I say, or you'll be sorry!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seedappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> damage or spoil, as fire, flood, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The Tsunami harmed a lot of property and caused a tremendous loss of life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> spoil, as s.o.'s reputation, etc.; hurt, as bodily functions, etc.; affect, as mental functions<br> <font size=+1>You harmed his reputation when you attacked his character</font><br> 1) (keTudi paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hurt, wound or injure physically<br> <font size=+1>You harmed him when you punched him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiingu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause injury, hurt or damage to<br> <font size=+1>One of the things that doctors pledge is to "do no harm"</font><br> 1) (keTudi paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (keTudal paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harmonious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(esenjiru)</font> be in harmony with, be sympathetic to, be attuned to<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarooTeyum eNenjirukkradu ottumekki vazikaaTTum</font><br> <font size=+1>being in harmony with all beings will lead to harmonious life</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harmonize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of ideas, colors, styles, etc.) be in agreement or harmony; go or fit together; (of an idea, etc.) be in agreement with; match with<br> <font size=+1>This harmonizes nicely with our plans for the rest of the summer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seendu paaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> sing in harmony; sing in chorus<br> <font size=+1>Barbershop quartets are very good at harmonizing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 2b intr <br> (of things) be in agreement or harmony, go together; (of people) agree, unite, join; (of actions, feelings, etc.) be in harmony or accord<br> <font size=+1>I want to try to get you to harmonize your plans with ours</font><br> 1) (samaadaanappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (porundumbaTi seyyi ~(nb tr)~) 1 tr<br> 3) (esevi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harness</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ubayoohattukku koNTuvaa)</font> 7 intr <br> control and use; bring s.t. under control and put it to use<br> <font size=+1>Scientists have tried to harness atomic energy for peaceful uses, not for war</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> attach or fasten as a horse to a cart, etc.; put an animal in harness for the purpose of having it do work<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maaTTe vaNTiyile puuTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Harness the bullock to the cart.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seeNam puuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put on a harness, as on a horse<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda kudirekki seenam puuTnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He harnessed the horse.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyaaLu)</font> 1 tr <br> bring under control, put to use; control and utilize; extract benefit from; make use of, as hydroelectricity, nuclear power<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama suuriya sakkiye sariyaanapaTi kaiyaaLanum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to harness solar energy more effectively.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (ubayooha-paTuttikkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) (payanpaTutti koo ~(sh tr)) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harp on, upon (about)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sonnadeyee tirumba sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> keep repeating what is said; repeat o.s. tediously; say over and over again<br> <font size=+1>I wish he'd stop harping about his misfortunes.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(polambi kiTTee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> dwell on, as a misfortune, a death, etc.; keep lamenting<br> <font size=+1>She just goes on and on, harping about her sad life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toNatoNattu kiTTee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> talk ceaselessly; dwell on tediously and endlessly<br> <font size=+1>There you go again, moaning and groaning and harping on about things</font><br> 1) (toNa toNa) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harrow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parambaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> draw or harrow over, as a ground; level by a harrow, as for sowing<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veedaneppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> distress; cause pain, worry, etc., as to the mind<br> <font size=+1>It was a harrowing experience.</font><br> 1) (puNpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tondaravu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> trouble; annoy; harass; ravage, despoil; plunder, rob, raid, sack, pillage, devastate, ravage, lay waste to. <br> <font size=+1>the government is being mercilessly harried by a new lobby. </font><br> 1) (vade) 6 tr<br> 2) (toLe) 6 tr<br> 3) (suureyaaTu) 4 tr<br> 4) (naccari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harsh, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTumeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be stern, severe or grim, as people, treatment, effect, action, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That was very harsh treatment for such a mild misdemeanor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTu kaTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be angry; (of face) be grim, severe or stern<br> <font size=+1>He has a very harsh look on his face, and I wouldn't want to tangle with him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sora sora)</font> 6 intr <br> be rough to the touch<br> <font size=+1>The fiber that comes out of the coir, that you use to make rope is very harsh to the touch</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(uruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> smart; grate (on the ears); hurt or be unpleasant on (the eyes)<br> <font size=+1>His words were harsh, and they grated on me for days</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(uppu kari)</font> 6b intr <br> be salty to the taste; be brackish<br> <font size=+1>It has a harsh, salty taste at first</font><br> 1) (tovaru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kasa)</font> 7 intr <br> be of bitter taste; be unpleasant, as an experience, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It was a very harsh and bitter experience</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>harvest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 1t <br> get, gain or obtain, as a profit, a prize, a victory, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They harvested a number of wins after a season of losses</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaTe paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> reap or gather, as the crops; reap, as the benefit of an action, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We harvested a huge gain that year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(palane peru)</font> 1tr <br> get or obtain the result or benefit, as of o's action<br> <font size=+1>We harvested the fruits of our labor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> chop or mince, as meat, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The meat needs to be hashed into small pieces</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hash (of), make a</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> mess up; muddle; spoil<br> <font size=+1>He made a hash of the whole project, and we had to totally redo it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hash out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalandu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> discuss; hold a discussion<br> <font size=+1>We hashed out the terms of the agreement in a long session</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peesi muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> discuss; talk about or settle by discussion, as a problem, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When are you going to hash out your differences?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hash over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba alasu)</font> 3 tr <br> examine or consider again; discuss once more<br> <font size=+1>I don't want to have to hash over all this stuff again!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba keLaru)</font> 3 tr <br> dig up or bring s.t. up, for re- examination, reconsideration, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Do we have to dig this all up and hash it over again?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hassle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ikkaTTule sikkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> bring into difficulties or dilemma; complexify; make unnecessarily difficult; annoy, badger, harass, hound, pester, bother, trouble, worry, torment, plague; (inf.) give s.o. a hard time. <br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naan sonnadeyellaam seyyaama enne viiNaa ikkaTTule sikkaveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>By not following my instructions, he ended up hassling everybody</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>haste, be in/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avasarappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> hurry; hasten; try to move or act with haste<br> <font size=+1>We'd better make haste or we'll miss the train</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veehamaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go quickly; hurry up, move with dispatch or alacrity; get a move on<br> <font size=+1>Okay, make haste now, while you can</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veehamaa vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> arrive in a hurry; do s.t. in a hurry, without adequately thinking it over<br> <font size=+1>Marry in haste, repent at leisure</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hasten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vere)</font> 2i <br> rush, speed; pass rapidly; hurry, hurry up, go fast, move faster, go quickly, dash, rush, speed up, run, race, sprint, fly, tear along, bolt, scurry, scamper, scuttle; (inf.) step on it<br> <font size=+1>After I said that, I hastened to add that I was speaking figuratively</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hasty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTapaTaNNu peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> fret and fume; speak out hastily in anger or discontent<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi paTappaTaNNu peesaade; nii peesakkuuTaadadeyellaam peesiTuve</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't speak so hastily; you'll say something you shouldn't have</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parapara)</font> 6 intr <br> (of people) be unduly quick or hurried; be excited, as to do s.t.; be too quick, as in making a move, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Sometimes he's too hasty with the answers</font><br> 1) (avasara-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hatch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kunju pori)</font> 6b tr <br> cause (a young animal) to emerge from its egg<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu koozi anju kunju poriccuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday the hen hatched five young ones.</font><br> 1) (kunju porikka vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(porikkappaTu)</font> 4i <br> (of chicks) hatch out; emerge from or come out of, as the egg<br> <font size=+1>The chicks hatched yesterday, just in time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: hatch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kunju pori)</font> 6b tr <br> brood over and bring forth the young, as birds, snakes, etc.<br> <font size=+1>With emperor penguins, its the males that hatch the eggs, and the females go looking for food</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hatch (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sadipaNNu)</font> 3 tr, tr <br> plot; scheme; contrive<br> <font size=+1>They hatched up a scheme to burglarize the offices of their opponents, but they got caught</font><br> 1) (tiTTamiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hatch up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTam pooTu)</font> 4 tr, tr <br> plan; scheme; make plans secretly<br> <font size=+1>They've been hatching up plots and tricks like this for years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTikkalle (puTikkalle))</font> neg only; 3pn + dat. <br> be unwilling or averse to; dislike, not like<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avane enakku puTikkalle; ade paNNa enakku puTikkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I hate him; I hate to do it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> entertain malice; bear hatred<br> <font size=+1>During wartime, people on the opposite sides say they hate the enemy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veru)</font> 6 tr <br> dislike; loathe; detest<br> <font size=+1>I loathe having to go there every day, it's so dirty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hateful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veruppuuTTu)</font> 3i <br> excite or produce hatred, dislike or aversion<br> <font size=+1>That was a hateful thing to say, and we disapprove of it unconditionally</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be loathsome or repugnant; be distasteful or unpleasant; odious<br> <font size=+1>What those militias did in Bosnia and Kosovo was absolutely hateful</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>haughty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miiri poo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow haughty; transgress<br> <font size=+1>He walks around with his nose in the air, very haughty</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> be arrogant; behave or act haughtily or arrogantly<br> <font size=+1>The people from that country can be very haughty and arrogant</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(serukkaTe)</font> 2i <br> be disdainful, proud or arrogant<br> <font size=+1>Now that he's a big athlete, he's become very haughty, and doesn't talk to his old friends</font><br> 1) (more) 6b intr<br> 2) (timiraa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(murai)</font> 6b intr <br> be stiff-necked, arrogant or disdainful<br> <font size=+1>moved to syn</font><br> 1) (kudi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>haul</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 7 tr <br> pull, draw or drag hard, as a bag of rice, a log, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He came into the kitchen, hauling a big package</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> haul up, as a large fish onto the boat; pull or draw s.t. up and cast it on the ground<br> <font size=+1>When they get the hay to the barn, it has to be hauled up into the haymow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>haul down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to descend or go down, as a bucket into a well; lower, as a flag, etc.<br> <font size=+1>On sailboats, when they want to moor in the harbor, they have to haul down the sails</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saranaTe)</font> 2i <br> haul down the flag, the colors; surrender; yield<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>At Waterloo, Napoleon was forced to haul down the French colors and surrender</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>haul off (and do s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiye oongu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise o's arm to strike; draw back o's arm to hit<br> <font size=+1>I thought for a moment he was going to haul off and hit me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>haul up before</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttu kiTTu pooy niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> force s.o. to appear, as before a judge, etc.; drag s.o., as before s.o. else<br> <font size=+1>He was apprehended and hauled up before the judge</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>haunt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTamaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of spirits, ghosts, etc.) appear habitually; visit or move about, as in a house, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That house is haunted, and I wouldn't go there at night</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti sutti vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> (of memories, etc.) recur; keep appearing; (of people) loiter; linger<br> <font size=+1>The memory of that trip will keep coming back and haunting me forever.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkiTTu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> frequent, hang about, as a hotel, a museum, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That's one of the places he haunts; he hangs out there a lot</font><br> 1) (aTikkaTi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr 3pn+loc. <br> contain. hold or be capable of holding within itself; include, comprise, take in, incorporate, involve, encompass, embrace; consist of, be made up of, be composed of. <br> <br> <font size=+1>eLavarasarkiTTe tuNiccalum viiramum irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The prince has courage and bravery in him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> receive; get; obtain<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTaccade veccu sandooshamaa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Be happy with what you have</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) (~X+d ~) </B> <font size=+1>((@X+dat@) iru)</font> 7 intr <br> possess, have in o's possession, own or possess, as wealth, relatives, land<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avanukku paNam irukku; avangaLukku kozandenga irukk(r)aanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He has money; they have children.</font><br> 1) (pettiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have (headache, etc.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2c intr 3pn + dat <br> have, suffer from or be afflicted with, as fever, headache, backache, heart attack, dysentery, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku talevali vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I have (have got) a headache.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have (s.o.) up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niidi manrattuku koNTupoo @(Nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take (s.o.) to court; haul (s.o.) up before the court<br> <font size=+1>I'll have you up in court, you just wait!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have a swollen, swelled head</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(talekkanam piTicciru)</font> 7 intr <br> be proud or arrogant<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After he won that prize, he got a swelled head, and is totally unbearable</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have darshan</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaNu)</font> 5a tr <br> have darshan; gain sight of god, a great person, a guru, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We went to the temple to have darshan of the guru</font><br> 1) (darisi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have done with it</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> finish or complete s.t. once and for all<br> <font size=+1>I sent it off and had done with it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have fever</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vali)</font> 6b intr <br> smart; ache, as head, chest, etc.<br> <font size=+1>My son had a fever last night, so we had to call the doctor</font><br> 1) (tale noo) 2c ta 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaccal aTi)</font> 6b tr 3pn + dat <br> have or suffer from fever<br> <font size=+1>Children can have a fever and recover, but when adults do, it's more dangerous</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have had it (with s.o. or s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toottu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be fed up with s.o. or s.t.; be out of patience with s.o.<br> <font size=+1>I have absolutely had it with him, and I'm not going to deal with him any more</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 2 intr <br> be finished; be defeated, as in a wrestling match, etc.; fall, or come to an end<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta ravuNTle avan tiindaan (tiinduTuvaan)</font><br> <font size=+1>He'll have had it in the next round.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ( )</B> <font size=+1>(paTamuTi(yaadu))</font> 2a impersonal and de <br> be unable, unwilling to bear, endure or suffer<br> <font size=+1>I have absolutely had it with him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kade muTi)</font> 2b intr + gen <br> end; fall; be finished or defeated, as an actor, athlete, politician, etc.; come to the end of o's rope, career; be all washed up<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTattooTa anda staarin kade muTinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>With this film, the star has had it, and is all washed up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have headache</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tale vali)</font> 6b tr 3pn + dat <br> have or suffer from a headache<br> <font size=+1>I have a headache, so I'm going to lie down and get some rest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> call; invite s.o., send for, as s.o. to do s.t.<br> <font size=+1>I'll have him (come) in to talk to me about this</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have in/over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viiTTukku kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> invite s.o. to o's house, as for a feast, a dinner, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We'll had them in (over) for dinner the other evening</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have it in for s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri vacciru)</font> 7 tr <br> aim at s.o. for taking revenge, being angry, etc.; hold a grudge against s.o. and watch for revenge<br> <font size=+1>He's had it in for me for some time, and just won't let go</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karuvi kiTTu iru)</font> 7 i&tr <br> show signs of displeasure; frown at s.o. at every opportunity; hold a grudge against s.o.<br> <font size=+1>I think he has it in for me</font><br> 1) (karittuk koTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have it in oneself (to do)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> + instr. mu8i +/- n <br> be constitutionally able to do (or not do) s.t.; bring o.s. to do s.t.; find it in o.s. to be able to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu ennaale muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't have it in me (to do s.t.)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have it off, away with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uTaluravu vaccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> have sex with; have sexual intercourse with<br> <font size=+1>They were having it off when I came into the room</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have it one's own way</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccabaTiyee seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> do as you please; do as you like, do whatever you feel like doing<br> <font size=+1>Okay, have it your way, I don't care!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uTuttiyiru)</font> 7t <br> be clothed or clad; be dressed<br> <font size=+1>Did you see what the Queen had on when she went to Ascot last week?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTiru)</font> 7 tr <br> be clothed or clad; put on, as a shirt, pants, a gown, etc. (but not a saree, dhoti or lungi)<br> <font size=+1>She had on a gown of pure white silk, trimmed in gold</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have on (one's person)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(X)~ </B> <font size=+1>(@(X)@kiTTe iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have on o's person; be carrying with one<br> <br> <font size=+1>enkiTTe paNam ille</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't have any money on me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((peesi) muTivu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> have it out with s.o.; put an end to or settle a problem, etc. (by talking)<br> <font size=+1>I finally had it out with him, and got the air cleared</font><br> 1) (pidungu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> take out or remove, as a part of the body<br> <font size=+1>I'm going to have my tonsils out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have over s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(osandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be better, as in some quality, etc.; have got over<br> <br> <font size=+1>enneviTa avan edile osandirukkaan?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's he got over me?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have s.o. over (cf. have in)</b></font><br> <font size=+1>We had them over for dinner a few weeks ago, and we hit it off well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have s.t. against s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore kaaNu (kaNTuppiTi))</font> 5a tr <br> find fault with; hold a grudge against s.o.<br> ( )?<br> <font size=+1>avan enkiTTe enna kore kaNTaan (tappu kaNTu-piTiccaan)?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's he got against me? (What fault has he found with me?)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(edeyoo tappaa nene)</font> 6b tr <br> hold s.t. as a grudge; hold a mistaken opinion; think about s.t. wrongly<br> <br> <font size=+1>He's got s.t. against me. (He's mistaken about me.)</font><br> 1) (tappu kaNTu-puTi, piTi) 6b ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have s.t. in common</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be suitable, agree, go well together<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNa poNNum maapiLLeyum oruttarukkoruttaru romba poruttamaa irukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>both the bride and the bridegroom have many things in common; they should suit each other very well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have serious illness</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr 3pn + dat <br> have, suffer from or be afflicted with, as serious diseases and common illnesses, except cold and fever<br> <font size=+1>Towards the end of his life he came down with a serious illness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>have to do s.t. (cf ~ceyyavee38iyiru~)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hawk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> spread around, as gossip, news, etc.; try to sell an idea, opinion, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>These gossip-mongers have been hawking the bad news for weeks.</font><br> 1) (solli tiri) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> try to raise phlegm from the throat<br> <font size=+1>He's got a bad cold, and is hawking up phlegm</font><br> 1) (kaari tuppu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaneccu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> clear, as the throat, noisily<br> <font size=+1>He's always hawking and coughing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(teruteruvaa kattivillu)</font> 5c tr <br> go selling through the streets, crying o's wares<br> <font size=+1>I heard a man on the platform of Trichy station, hawking bananas, crying "vaaaa7e pa7ammm, vaaaa7e pa7ammm"</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hazard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seyya tuNi)</font> 2b tr <br> be bold enough to do s.t.; decide to do s.t.<br> <font size=+1>I wouldn't hazard that at this time, not without more troops</font><br> 1) (tuNinju seyyi ~(nb tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(solla tuNi)</font> 2b tr <br> venture, as a guess, etc.; offer, as a conjecture, etc.; make bold to speak; be bold enough to say, to speak out bravely, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I wouldn't hazard a guess about such things.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>haze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTi vade)</font> 6 tr <br> torment, trouble or worry by scolding, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When he joined that fraternity, they hazed the new boys every night</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(reeg paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> put through initiation ordeals; rag, as freshmen in a college, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They ragged them and hazed them, and one boy lost his life</font><br> 1) (peesi vade) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koTumeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> harass; treat cruelly or savagely; rag<br> <font size=+1>They hazed him and tormented him because he was seen as different</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hazy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((pani) muuTTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be misty or cloudy; be covered with mist, haze or clouds; be overcast<br> <font size=+1>The mountains are hazy today so you can't see them well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzappamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) be uncertain, confused or ill-formed, as about a plan, etc.<br> <font size=+1>My memories are hazy, but I think that country used to have a different name</font><br> 1) (mangalaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivillaama iru)</font> 7i <br> be unclear or vague; be lacking in clarity or definiteness; be uncertain<br> <font size=+1>He came up with some hazy proposal that nobody liked</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(karu)</font> 6 intr <br> become cloudy, as the sky; turn murky<br> <font size=+1>The sky got hazy in the late afternoon, and we couldn't see the sunset</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause (s.o., the mind) to be confused or hazy<br> <font size=+1>He has succeeded in making my memory totally confused and hazy</font><br> 1) (manam kozambu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzambu)</font> 3 intr <br> be or become confused or hazy, as in the mind<br> <font size=+1>She has clear memories of what happened 50 years ago, but is hazy about what she had for breakfast</font><br> 1) (kozappamaa iru) 7 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>head</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazikaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show the way; lead; guide<br> <font size=+1>You head up the pack, since you know the way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taleppu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give a heading or headline to<br> <font size=+1>The paragraph was headed "Gruesome mother cooks child on barbecue!"</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(modalle iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be at the top, as in a list of names; be in front or first position, as in a procession, queue, list, etc.; be at the head or the top<br> <font size=+1>Your name heads the list of those who will be honored</font><br> 1) (munnaale poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taleme taangu)</font> 3 intr <br> act as a president; preside over, as a ministry, a meeting, a procession, a function, etc.; chair<br> <font size=+1>You head the procession, and I'll bring up the rear</font><br> 1) (talaimai taangki naTattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(talevaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be the head, chief or boss, as of a company, a department, etc.; be a leader, as of a party, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He headed the company, but claimed he knew nothing of the financial shenanigans</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>head for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nookki naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk towards, as o's home, etc.; move purposefully towards, as a victory, etc.; move foolishly towards, as an accident, trouble, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I think I'll head for home, now, since the work is over</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nookki poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go or move towards, as a place, an aim, accident, destruction, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We are headed for disaster there, but the President goes blithely on</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>head off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tese tiruppiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to go or move in a different direction<br> <font size=+1>I think they headed off towards the creek, while we stayed on the path</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prevent; hinder; check<br> <font size=+1>Let's see if we can head off this crisis now, before it's too late.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaale pooy vazimari)</font> 6b tr <br> go ahead and intercept; go before and try to hinder s.o.<br> <font size=+1>In the old cowboy movies, they always said "Let's head them off at the pass!"</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>head toward</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nookki poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go or move toward, as a particular place, direction, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Let's head toward home, at least we know where that is</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>head up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazinaTatti poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> lead; direct; command<br> <font size=+1>He's been chosen to head up the delegation to China</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>head, come to a</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ucca kaTTatte aTe)</font> 2tr&i <br> come to a climax or crisis<br> <font size=+1>Things came to a head when it was discovered he had embezzled millions of dollars</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>head, keep o's</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nidaanam izakkaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be calm or poised; remain without losing poise or patience<br> <font size=+1>She's someone who can keep her head when everyone else is losing theirs.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>headless, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muNTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without a head; be a blockhead; be silly or foolish<br> <font size=+1>There are lots of stories about headless chickens that can keep functioning, even without a head</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tale varillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without a chairman, department head, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The department is now headless, since the chair resigned, and we're wandering aimlessly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>headline</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleppu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give a headline to; give a head or heading to<br> <font size=+1>He was headlined in the newspapers as being the new CEO of a big company</font><br> 1) (taleppule kurippiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuNappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cure, as an illness, a cut or wound<br> <font size=+1>He was known as somebody who could heal the sick, just by laying on of hands</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aattu)</font> 3 tr <br> cure, as a cut, wound, etc.<br> <font size=+1>This medicine will cure what ails you,</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaeu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of a cut, wound, an abcess, etc.) get well; be cured<br> <font size=+1>The wound has healed, miraculously</font><br> 1) (aari poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heal over, up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaanjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of a cut, wound, boil, etc.) get well; be fully cured; dry up<br> <font size=+1>The abscess on my foot has healed up very nicely</font><br> 1) (aar-iTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> focus; heap at a particular place<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu paNatte kuviccu koTTinaalum anbe velekki vaangamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We cannot buy affection even if we heap money (on s.o.)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> gather or put in a heap; accumulate, as riches, wealth, etc.; pile or load, as work on s.o.<br> <font size=+1>It seems those conservative anchorpersons heaped insults on the Democrats during inauguration coverage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> accumulate, amass or pile up, as riches, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Even if you heap up riches on earth, you can't take it with you</font><br> 1) (kuvi, kumi) 6b tr<br> 2) (kuviyalaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> pile or load, as work on s.o.<br> <font size=+1>He's trying to make her quit, so he heaps more and more work on her</font><br> 1) (kumi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pile up, as food on the plate<br> <font size=+1>The table is so heaped with food, you can almost hear it groan</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heap (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaarikkoTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pour out praise or abuse; dish out slander, spread rumors; pile it on deep<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avaru unmeele puhaze vaarikkoTTuraaree!</font><br> <font size=+1>He's heaping praise on you!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heaped, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 2b intr <br> be piled up; be amassed, as wealth, etc.; be gathered, as gifts, donations, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The wedding gifts were heaped on the table</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> be amassed, as riches, etc.; be collected, as gifts, etc.; be gathered, as dirt, etc.; accumulate, as a backlog of work, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Work is heaped on my desk, and you want me to do more?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maleyaaTTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be like a mountain, be piled up, have a big backlog of work<br> <font size=+1>I have a mountain of work heaped on my desk, so don't talk to me</font><br> 1) (kuuTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadu kuTuttu keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> listen attentively; pay attention to; hear with desire; listen with favor<br> <font size=+1>Please hear me out, just this once</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(cevi saayy)</font> 6 trr <br> lend an ear; give ear to; listen willingly; give a listen; listen up<br> <font size=+1>Okay, now hear this!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(virumbi keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> hear with desire; listen with pleasure, as news bulletin, music, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It gave me great joy to hear the news of your upcoming celebration</font><br> 1) (gavanamaa keeLu) 5b tr<br> 2) (kaadaara keeLu) 5b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaniccu keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> listen attentively; hear with attention; pay attention to<br> <font size=+1>I hope you heard and retained what he was saying</font><br> 1) (kaadu kuTuttu gavani) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> perceive by the ear; listen<br> <font size=+1>I can hear quite clearly now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLvippaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be told or informed; learn or get to know, as a rumor, news, etc.; hear, as about s.t. or s.o.; hear, as of s.t., s.o.<br> <font size=+1>I hear that classes are cancelled for tomorrow because of the strike.</font><br> 1) (kaadu kuTuttu keeLu) 5b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hear out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTesi vare keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> listen to the end, as of a speech, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Hear me out, I'm not finished yet.</font><br> 1) (keeTTu muTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heard, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadule vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> be audible, be perceived by the ear<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paaTina paaTTu en kaadule vizundadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>I could hear the song he was singing quite well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b intr <br> be audible, be perceived by the ear<br> <br> <font size=+1>diTiireNNu oru sattam keeTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly a sound was heard.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heart-broken, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam oTenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be broken-hearted; be filled with grief, sorrow, etc.<br> <font size=+1>She was heart-broken when the marriage had to be cancelled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heartbroken, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be cracked; become broken, as the heart; be heartbroken, grief-stricken, desolate, devastated, inconsolable, miserable, depressed, wretched, sorrowful, forlorn, heavy-hearted, woeful, doleful, downc<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe kaadalunaale avan oTenju poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was heartbroken by his love.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hearten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNiccal uuTTu)</font> 3 trr <br> encourage; spur on; inspire; uplift<br> <font size=+1>I was heartened when I heard that our program might get more funding</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(dairiyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> encourage; give courage or confidence to<br> <font size=+1>I want to hearten and encourage the troops</font><br> 1) (urcaahappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heartened, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urcaahappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be cheered up; feel cheered or encouraged<br> <font size=+1>The lower ranks were heartened to know they were appreciated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heartening, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(dairiyamaTe)</font> 2a intr <br> be encouraged; feel courage or confidence<br> <font size=+1>That was heartening news, which we don't hear often</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become hot or warm<br> <font size=+1>The room began to heat up</font><br> 1) (suuT-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> make warm or hot, as water, milk, etc.; heat up, as food that has grown cold, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You must heat the milk to 140 degrees to pasteurize it</font><br> 1) (suTa vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (kaaccu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be hot or warm; feel hot<br> <font size=+1>The room was heated by forced air</font><br> 1) (kaayi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTaaha iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be hot; be angry; be full of emotion, hot or harsh words<br> <br> <font size=+1>{\d d}iskashan suuTaa irundadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>The discussion was heated.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaanjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be heated up, as water or milk<br> <font size=+1>The milk has been heated, so let it cool</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezu)</font> 2 intr <br> rise or thrust up, as a hill in the plains; surge or billow, as a wave in the sea; appear in the distance<br> <font size=+1>When the tsunami came, the wave just heaved up on the shore</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki eri)</font> 2b tr <br> lift and throw, as a stone through a window, a box onto a truck, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He heaved a stone through the window of the bank</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 7 tr <br> haul; pull; hoist, as a bucket of water with a rope<br> <font size=+1>All together now, let's heave it up</font><br> 1) (tuukku) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(perumuuccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> heave a sigh; give or send out a sigh; sigh; breathe with difficulty<br> <font size=+1>Everyone heaved a sigh a of relief when the strike was settled.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(polappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> heave into sight, view; appear; come into view<br> <font size=+1>After a long wait, the ship hove into view on the horizon</font><br> 1) (tooNu) 3c intr<br> 2) (tooNu) 3c intr<br> 3) (tenpaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(ezundu ezundu aTangu)</font> 3i <br> rise and fall, as waves, as a heaving chest, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The waves were heaving up and down, and the ship was foundering</font><br> 1) (ale moodu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heave (away) at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki eTukka paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> try or attempt to pull and lift, as a large parcel, a fallen man, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The whole crowd were heaving away, trying to move the stalled car</font><br> 1) (vaari eTukka paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heave on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(balamaa izu)</font> 7 tr <br> haul or pull strongly, as a rope, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When I cound to three, everybody heave on the rope</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heave to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nilli)</font> 5c intr <br> stop, moor a ship; come alongside the quay, into a berth<br> <font size=+1>The ship hove to and the captain came ashore</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heave up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaandi eTu)</font> 6 intr, tr <br> retch; vomit; throw up, as food, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He was feeling sick as a dog and finally he heaved up the remains of his breakfast</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heavy, be/grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kana)</font> 6 intr <br> be ponderous, as style; massive, as rain, etc.; deep or profound, as a theme, etc.; depressed, as the heart<br> <font size=+1>The music starts out very heavy, but then it gets lighter</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(someyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be burdensome; be hard to bear, as taxes, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We bear a heavy burden of taxes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(azuttu)</font> 3 intr, tr <br> be oppressive; be burdensome; be hard to bear, as memory, grief, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It's a heavy load to bear when you lose so many members of your family at once</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paru)</font> 6 intr <br> become fat, stout or obese<br> <font size=+1>He grew so heavy, he couldn't get through the door!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(karu)</font> 6 intr <br> become overcast or cloudy, as the sky<br> <font size=+1>The skies became heavy, and then storms appeared</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(pongu)</font> 3 intr <br> be characterized by large waves, stormy seas<br> <font size=+1>We were travelling through heavy seas</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heckle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vinaakkaLaale tehekka vayyi)</font> 6 tr <br> harass or bully or confound with questions<br> <font size=+1>Our President doesn't like to be heckled, so all the people in the audience are hand-picked</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTemari)</font> 6 tr <br> interrupt, as s.o.'s speech with questions, etc.<br> <font size=+1>In Britain, they know hot to heckle a speaker, and also how to deal with hecklers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kalaaTTaa paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> create a tumult, commotion or riot, as in a meeting, a performance, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They heckled and jeered and shouted, and finally shut down the event</font><br> 1) (rahale paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hedge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeli pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make a fence or hedge, as around a field, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Let's hedge this in so the runoff doesn't mess up the road</font><br> 1) (veeli pooTTu aTe) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suttivaLeccu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak in a round-about way; avoid giving a direct answer; fudge<br> <font size=+1>He hemmed and hawed and hedged, and never answered the question</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mazuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> evade; circumvent; avoid giving a direct answer; fudge<br> <font size=+1>He's been hedging his bets by investing in hedge funds</font><br> 1) (suttivaLecci badil sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hedge about (around) with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzndiru)</font> 7t <br> surround, as with difficulties, rules, water, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The whole business is hedged with incredibly complex rules</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hedge in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttivaLeccukkoo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hem in; surround or enclose<br> <font size=+1>We can't allow him free rein, so we have to hedge him in with whatever we can to stop him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> listen to (advice); pay attention to (a warning)<br> <font size=+1>en tambi solrade keeLu; id-ellaam avanukku nallaa teriyum.</font><br> <font size=+1>Heed what my brother says; he knows all about this stuff</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanam seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> pay attention; take heed; give attention<br> <font size=+1>You need to heed what he says, and not be goofing off</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kavani, gavani)</font> 6b tr <br> observe; pay attention to; be attentive; attend to<br> <font size=+1>Heed my advice--invest in hedge funds</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poruTpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> pay heed to; attend carefully to; have regard for<br> <font size=+1>I warned him, but he didn't heed the warnings</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarivuru)</font> 1i <br> lean; tilt; cant over, tip over<br> <font size=+1>The boat is unstable, so it tends to heel in a strong wind</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sarivura seyyi)</font> 1t <br> cause to lean, tilt or tip over<br> <font size=+1>The wind made the vessel heel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hefty. be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kana)</font> 6 intr <br> be heavy or weighty, as a book, a bundle, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He was carrying a hefty box</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruNTu tiraNTiru)</font> 7i <br> be muscular, strong, or big, as a person, a part of the body, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He's a big, hefty guy, and can lift huge weights</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hefty. be (cf. also big, be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(valime vaanjiru)</font> 7i <br> be strong and powerful; be (too) large<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We were hit with a hefty increase in taxes, and it's unbearable</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>heighten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(osattu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise, make higher; increase the height of<br> <font size=+1>They decided to heighten the building in the new design</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(adihamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> increase, as in quality, intensity, degree, etc.<br> <font size=+1>What heightened the intensity was the dramatic music</font><br> 1) (osara-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(adihappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> increase, as the intensity or degree of, as anger, an effect, etc.<br> <font size=+1>What heightened our fear that day was the uncertainty of how many more attacks might take place</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oyaru)</font> 2 intr <br> become higher; increase in quality, degree, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The tension heightened when we heard that more people had died</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hellish, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(narahamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be like hell; be wretched or miserable, as a trip, life with s.o., etc.; be unbearable or intolerable, as a season, weather, etc.<br> <font size=+1>She led a hellish life, being dragged from place to place</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(bayangramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be terrible; be wicked, as an act, etc.; be unbearable, as winter, summer, etc.; be devilish, as a problem, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It was a hellish act, the consequences of which we will live with forever</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>help</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odavi paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> give help, assistance or aid to; assist; aid<br> ( ) ( )<br> <font size=+1>avan enakku odavipaNNaan (odavi senjaan) (odavunaan)</font><br> <font size=+1>He helped me.</font><br> 1) (odavu) 3 tr<br> 2) (odavi ceyyi ~(nb tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> rescue or save, as a drowning person, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He helped by saving her from a shark attack</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(odavu)</font> 3 tr <br> assist, guide<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa maaNavangaLukku naan eppavum odavuven</font><br> <font size=+1>I always try to help and guide my students</font><br> 1) (ottaase paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (bayam paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>help (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTuttu odavu)</font> 3 tr <br> equip, supply, oblige, accommodate<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppavum vasadi irukkravanga illaadavangaLukku kuTuttu odavaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>those who have wealth should try to help out those who don't</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>help it (doing s.t.), be unable to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( b)~ </B> <font size=+1>(@(verb)@aame irukka muTiyaadu)</font> see ~mu8i~ mu8i 2b 3 <br> be unable to avoid; be unable to refrain from s.t.; be unable to resist s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennaale nahatte kaTikkaame irukka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't help biting my nails.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>help o.s. to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take for o.s., as an apple, rice, etc.; take s.t. for o.s. dishonestly<br> <font size=+1>Help yourself to whatever is on the table</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>help out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toNeseyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> aid, assist; stand by<br> <br> <font size=+1>denamum ennooTa tambikki paaTam ezuda toNe seyyreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I help out my little brother with his lessons every day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odavu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> give assistance or aid at a time of need; assist; aid<br> , <br> <font size=+1>enakku paNamoTeyaa irundappa, avan paNam kuTuttu odavinaan (odavipaNNaan)</font><br> <font size=+1>When I was short of cash, he helped me out with money.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(odavikki vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come to the help of; come to the assistance of<br> <font size=+1>Many people came forward to help out after the tsunami hit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>help up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> help s.o. to stand up; lift up<br> <font size=+1>Help me up, I can't get up without help</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>helped, (s.t.) can't be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTukka muTiyaadu)</font> see ~mu8i~ mu8i 3 pn <br> exist no remedy for; s.t. can't be avoided or remedied<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade taTukka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It can't be helped.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>helpful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odaviyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be favorable, convenient, advantageous<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga enakku kuTuttu odavuna eendiram ennooTa veelekki romba odaviyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>the machine you gave me is really very helpful for me in my job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hem</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooram muTiccu tayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> fold back and sew the edge, as of a skirt, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When styles change, women have to take up their skirts and hem them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hem and haw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazuppu)</font> 3 intr, tr <br> hedge; avoid giving a direct answer; evade; speak noncommittally<br> <font size=+1>I wanted a straight answer, but he just hemmed and hawed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hem in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLeccu koo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> surround, enclose; be a hindrance or obstacle to free movement<br> <font size=+1>The young people feel hemmed in by all these strictures</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>herald</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arivi)</font> 6b tr <br> announce; proclaim; make known<br> <font size=+1>The announcement heralded the development of a new microchip</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(varuhe(ye) munnarivi)</font> 6 tr <br> announce beforehand the coming or arrival of, as s.o., s.t.<br> <font size=+1>This heralds the beginning of a new era</font><br> 1) (teriya-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ~X~ </B> <font size=+1>(@X@adakku arihuriyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a harbinger, sign of s.t. coming<br> <font size=+1>What he said was supposed to herald a new beginning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>herd</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mandeye ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive or lead a herd<br> <font size=+1>We herded the children into the car and started out for the zoo</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kumbalaa kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> assemble or collect together into a crowd, a mob, a herd<br> <font size=+1>They herded together and tried to get into the stadiu</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> assemble, unite or group together<br> <font size=+1>Let's herd together and see if we can get through</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTikiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> drive or lead, as a herd of cattle, a group of people, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I had a job once herding tourists around, and I don't like it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(meeyi)</font> 6b tr <br> tend or look after, as cattle, sheep, etc.; manage, direct, or take care of, as school children, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You don't often find people whose job it is to herd animals any more</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzavaa teraTTu)</font> 3 trr <br> collect or form (people) into a group<br> <font size=+1>Okay, herd the delegates into a group and get them into the buses</font><br> 1) (kaTTi meeyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (kuzavaa seeru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(mandeyaa teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> round up (animals)<br> <font size=+1>In the old cowboy movies, they rounded up the cattle, herded them into stockades, and branded them</font><br> 1) (paattu-koo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hesitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> pause, delay, hang back, wait, be uncertain, be unsure, be doubtful, be indecisive, vacillate, oscillate, waver, shilly-shally, dally, stall, have scruples about; temporize; dilly-dally<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan romba payandaanguLi. avan ellaattukkum tayanguvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is a big coward--he hesitates before doing anything</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tayakkam kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show hesitation, unwillingness or silent objection<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda veeleNNaalum tayakkam kaaTTaama seyveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will do any job without hesitating</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tattaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> be perplexed; be at o's wit's end; vacillate, hesitate from perplexity, agitation, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I was hesitating, because I'd never been faced with such a situation before</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sangaTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr 3pn + dat <br> feel reticent, awkward or unpleasant; find s.t. embarrassing<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>onne keekka sangaTamaa irukku; enakku nuuru ruubaa teevee</font><br> <font size=+1>I hesitate to ask you (but) I need a hundred rupees right away.</font><br> 1) (tikki tikki peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be unsettled, irresolute or undecided; be slow or unable to decide; waver<br> <font size=+1>I've been hesitating and wavering between going to New York or to San Francisco</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(peedali)</font> 6i <br> (of mind) be confused; waver; hesitate from confusion<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He who hesitates is lost</font><br> 1) (tayakkamaa iru) 7 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(tikku)</font> 3 intr <br> falter in speech; stammer; stutter<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He hesitates in his speech, sometimes stammering and stuttering</font><br> 1) (tayakkam kaaTTu) 3 ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> pause in indecision or doubt; hold back because of conscience or principle; scruple; be reluctant to do s.t.; be conflicted about doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>{??} adecceyya tayanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Although it seemed like a profitable deal, he hesitated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut with a sword, axe, etc.; chop; cut off; chisel out, as a statue, etc.<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hew away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut away; sever; hack away<br> 1) (veTT-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hew down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTi viizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut down; fell<br> <font size=+1>He hewed an oak tree, and cut it down just with an axe!</font><br> 1) (veTTi taLLu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hew out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make; create; cause to exist or develop, as a position for o.s., etc.<br> <font size=+1>I had to hew out a job for myself, because my duties were not specific</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hiccup</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( + d )~</B> <font size=+1>(vikku @(Npn + dat)@)</font> 3 intr <br> have the hiccups; make a hiccup<br> <font size=+1>When I eat really spicy food, I tend to hiccup</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (vikkikkoo) 4 intr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hiccup (hiccough)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( + d )~</B> <font size=+1>(vikkal eTu @(Npn + dat)@)</font> 6 tr <br> have the hiccups<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku vikkal eTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I hiccupped.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hidden, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 2b intr <br> be concealed; covered up; be invisible<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaaTTule nereya podeyal ellaam marenju irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There are a lot of treasures hidden in this forest</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(marenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be concealed; lie in ambush<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayattunaale marenjirundu avanga peecce keeTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I lay hidden in fear, listening to them talk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oLinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be concealed or covered up; be vanished<br> <font size=+1>There are secrets hidden in our genes, if only we can discover them</font><br> 1) (olinjiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(padendiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be buried, as treasure, etc.; be concealed, as occult knowledge, deeper meanings, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Gold is supposed to be hidden on that island, but nobody has a map</font><br> 1) (marenj-iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (podenji keTa) 7 intr<br> 3) (mare) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 6b tr <br> disguise, dissemble; put s.t. where others can't find it<br> <br> <font size=+1>poTTiye soomu mareccuveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Somu hid the suitcase</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oLinjukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> conceal o.s.; take cover, find a hiding place, lie low, keep out of sight, secrete o.s., go underground, cover o's tracks; <br> <br> <font size=+1>naan enge oLinjukiTTu irukkeeNNu sollu paappoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you guess where I have hidden myself?</font><br> 1) (oLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 6b tr <br> screen; veil; conceal o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar paarveyilirundu enne naane mareccuukka paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to hide myself from the teacher's view</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(padungiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> lie in wait, lurk, conceal o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kolle kuuTTattaaru pakkattule irukkra male kohengaLule padungi irukkaanga appaTiNNu enakku seydi vandatu</font><br> <font size=+1>I learned that a group of robbers are hiding in the neighboring hill-caves</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(oLi)</font> 6b tr <br> conceal, as s.t. from sight or knowledge; prevent, as s.t. from being discovered or seen<br> <font size=+1>He was married to two different women, but he hid this knowledge from both of them</font><br> 1) (oLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 6b tr <br> obstruct the view of; cover up, as the clouds hide the sun<br> <font size=+1>I was trying to take a picture, but the clouds hid the sun</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(padukku)</font> 3 tr <br> conceal carefully; secrete<br> <font size=+1>He hid the codes to the bank vaults in encrypted messages</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(mareccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> keep secret; put out of sight; keep out of sight; hide away<br> <font size=+1>The terrorists keep their plans hidden from us</font><br> 1) (mare) 6b tr<br> 2) (padukki vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(marenju koo@(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> conceal o.s.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>That murderer hid for years, changing his name and residence</font><br> 1) (oLicci vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (oLinjikkoo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put under a cover or a screen; keep s.t. covered; keep, as a fact without disclosing<br> <font size=+1>He hid the knowledge from his wife and parents</font><br> 1) (oLicci vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(pudeccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> keep buried, as a treasure in the earth<br> <font size=+1>People who don't trust banks hide their wealth in their mattresses</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(padungu)</font> 3 intr <br> conceal o.s. in a hiding place; secrete o.s.; take cover; lie low<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadavukku pinnaale padungiyirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He hid behind the door</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hide away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLiccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> hide; conceal; put out of sight, as a bottle of liquor, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He hid the contraband in unmarked packages</font><br> 1) (marecci vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oLinju tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> wander incognito; go underground<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTarunga naharule pala eTangalle oLinji tiriyaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the thieves are hiding away in different parts of the city</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hide out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padungi koo@(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> conceal o.s.; crouch down; lie low<br> <font size=+1>Those terrorists hid out in a number of safe houses in Pakistan</font><br> 1) (padungi-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>high, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLaru)</font> 2 intr <br> grow up; grow tall; rise high, as in o's business, profession, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The corn is as high as an elephant's eye!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oongi vaLar)</font> 2i <br> grow very tall; become lofty, or exalted, as a hill, etc.; rise up in life, as a person<br> <font size=+1>He became very high up in the previous administration</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>high, be(come),</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be elevated, as in position, status, etc.; become better in quality, standard, etc.; develop or progress, as business, trade, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It's very high on a list of high-quality automobiles</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>high, be(come), make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oyaru)</font> 2b intr <br> rise, rise up; become lofty, elevated or exalted; become dear, expensive or costly, as prices, etc.; be promoted, as in rank, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Oil prices have become very high lately</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oongu)</font> 3 intr <br> rise high, as in pitch; spread far and wide, as fame, etc.; grow, as in power, influence, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He got very high up in the Iraqi government, before Saddam nixed him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>high-handed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> be haughty, impudent, insolent, arrogant<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayle adihamaa paNam vandu seendadum anda viiTTukaararu romba tuLLuraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>the landlord has recently came into some money and now he's become very arrogant and high-handed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>high-minded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perundanmeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) be high-principled; have lofty principles and exalted feelings<br> <font size=+1>He has very high-minded opinions, but his actions don't match them.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(osanda maNam koNTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> have noble, high principles and exalted feelings<br> <font size=+1>The leaders appear to be very high-minded, but on the sly, some are corrupt</font><br> 1) (osanda nookkam koNTiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hijack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> seize and take control of, as an airplane, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Terrorists hijacked the plane as soon as it left the ground.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vimaanam kaTatti kiTTupoo)</font> 3b tr <br> divert an aircraft from its intended destination (for political or personal reasons)<br> <font size=+1>They started hijacking planes after Castro took over Cuba, and we've never seen the end of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hike</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTe payaNam meerkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> trek; undertake a journey by foot<br> <font size=+1>He hiked the whole Appalachian trail one summer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(haikking poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go on a hike; walk for recreational purposes<br> <font size=+1>On our vacations, we always hike</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go on foot; travel by foot; walk, as to place of pilgrimage, etc.; take a walk; go on a trek<br> <font size=+1>We hiked to the top of the mountain, but we took a train back</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hike up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> hitch up; pull, move or raise up into position or place, as socks, pants, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You need to hike up your socks; they're falling down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTakeye ekkaccakkamaa eettu)</font> 3 intr <br> increase or raise steeply, as rents or prices<br> <font size=+1>As soon as the rupee was revalued, merchants hiked up their prices.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkik koo @(sh intr )@)</font> 1 intr <br> rise or move up out of position or place, as a collar, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Your collar has gotten hiked up; I'll push it back down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hilarious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kulungi kulungi sirikka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause boisterous or wild laughter<br> <font size=+1>He told some hilarious stories, and we were all rolling with laughter</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tamaashaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be funny; be full of laughter<br> <font size=+1>It was a hilarious joke, but I don't remember it all</font><br> 1) (sirippaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hilly, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(male nerambi iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full of hills; be mountainous<br> <font size=+1>The Nilgiri District is a hilly region, and very beautiful</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(senguttaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be steep, as a road, etc.; be sheer, as a rock, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The roads are very hilly, so don't assume you can go fast</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meeTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be elevated; resemble a mound; slope up<br> <font size=+1>We lived in a hilly neighborhood</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hinder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> delay; cause to be slow or tardy<br> <font size=+1>The elevation of the terrain hindered our progress</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangal paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> hamper; check; obstruct; cause interruption or difficulty in; hold back<br> <font size=+1>The thick traffic congestion hindered the police from responding</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTukkaTTe pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> place obstacles in the way; obstruct; check<br> <font size=+1>He hindered the investigation by placing obstructions everywhere</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> stop; hold back; prevent<br> <font size=+1>The demonstrators tried to hinder the progress of the negotiations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a hindrance, impediment or obstacle<br> <font size=+1>The insurgents are hindering the transfer of power, and sabotaging everything</font><br> 1) (taTuttu niruttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (taTuttu niruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a check, obstruction or impediment<br> <font size=+1>Right-wing extremists are hindering the pullout from Gaza</font><br> 1) (muTTukkaTTeyaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (muTTukkaTTeyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangal paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> hamper; check; obstruct; cause interruption or difficulty in; hold back<br> <font size=+1>Storms hindered our ability to get there on time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hindered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangalpaTu)</font> 4i <br> be impeded, obstructed or checked<br> <font size=+1>We were hindered by his insistence on going by the book</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of activities) be obstructed, checked or impeded<br> <font size=+1>Our plans were hindered by his obstinacy and lack of cooperation.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of activities) be obstructed, checked or impeded<br> <font size=+1>He hindered and sabotaged our work constantly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hinge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiil pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fit or fix a hinge to<br> <font size=+1>The door needs to be hinged properly, or it won't swing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiil vaccu poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten s.t. with a hinge<br> <font size=+1>We hinged it, so it opens very nicely now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hinge on/upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saandiru)</font> 7i <br> depend on; hang on; be contingent upon<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>?en edirkaalam en appaavooTu muTive saandirukku?</font><br> <font size=+1>My future hinges on my father's decision.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooTi kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> give a hint; allude to or suggest indirectly<br> <font size=+1>He hinted that he might run for public office</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippu kaaTTu)</font> 3i&t <br> give a hint; suggest or allude to indirectly<br> <font size=+1>They're waiting for him to hint that he may resign</font><br> 1) (kooTi kaami) 6b i, tr<br> 2) (hinT kuTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hint (at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTeyaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> refer indirectly, allude to<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan keeTTa veshayatteppattiya kurippe saaTeyaa sonnaa poodum</font><br> <font size=+1>It is enough if you just indirectly hint at the details that I asked for</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hint at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> suggest or speak about indirectly; allude to; intimate<br> <font size=+1>He didn't address it directly, but he hinted that changes may occur</font><br> 1) (hinT paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (jaaTe maaTayaa sollu) 3c tr<br> 3)j (jaaTeyaa collu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?? </B> <font size=+1>(??campaLattukku veelaiyil tuukkik koo)</font> ?? <br> take on or employ s.o. on a salary or a monthly or yearly basis<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> get for hire, as a car, a boat, chairs, a house, a flat, a room, etc., (but not a person); charter, as a bus, a ship, a plane, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They hired (rented) a car and drove up the coast</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hire on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuulikki veele peru)</font> 1i <br> get or obtain employment, as a servant, a gardner, a laborer, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He hired on as a day laborer, since he couldn't speak the language</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hire out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuulikki vele paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> offer o.s. or o's services as a a temp, a day-laborer, or for wages, as a servant, a gardner, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I hired myself out as a servant, and kept my ears peeled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hire s.o. on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuulikki vaccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take on or employ s.o. as a temp, for day-labor or wages<br> <font size=+1>I hired him on a daily basis, making no promises</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hiss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kisu kisu)</font> 6 tr, intr <br> say in a whisper; whisper<br> <font size=+1>I started to speak, but he hissed at me to shut up</font><br> 1) (surr-NNu sattam ezuppu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suriirNNu sattam pooTu @(sh intr)@)</font> 5a intr <br> make a hiss, as hot iron dipped into water, as an iron pressed on wet cloth<br> <font size=+1>When I dropped the hot lead in the water, it hissed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(siiru)</font> 3 intr <br> make a hiss, as a snake, a cat<br> <font size=+1>Our cat hisses at you if you touch her belly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strike or beat, as a person, etc.; drive in, as a nail, etc.; strike, as a ball, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He hit the man with a stick</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> go or attain, as a velocity, etc.; reach, as a place, a target, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaaru ambadu maile eTTipiTiccadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>The car was hitting fifty (miles per hour).</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (moodikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLi vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> be published or released, as a news item; arrive on the newsstands<br> <font size=+1>When the of the strike news hit, I was on the bus.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(moodu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> dash against; come against with a collision<br> <font size=+1>I didn't intend to hit him, but he just jumped in front of me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(moodi koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> dash o.s. against; strike against, as o's head by accident or on purpose; collide; crash<br> <font size=+1>I hit my head on the shelf while looking for a book</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> hit accidentally, touch or affect by chance<br> j <br> <font size=+1>anda pandu jannalle paTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>That ball hit the window accidentally.</font><br> 1) (muTTikkoo ~(sh tr)~) 1 tr<br> 2) (taTukku) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(paadi)</font> 6b tr <br> affect; have a bad effect or influence on, as a policy, a tax, liquor, etc.<br> <font size=+1>This will hit the poor very hard.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hit (it) off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of two or more people) have a harmonious relationship; (of s.o.) get on well with (s.o. else)<br> <font size=+1>How did you hit it off last night?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hit at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTikka paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> try to hit; attempt to strike or beat<br> <font size=+1>When the ball came toward me, I hit at it, but missed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hit it</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa uuhi)</font> 6b tr <br> guess correctly; get s.t. right<br> <font size=+1>You hit the nail on the head!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hit it off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get along (with); be congenial; agree<br> <font size=+1>I never thought we'd hit it off, but we got along famously</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hit on/against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moodi koo)</font> 4 tr <br> (of two people, factions, groups, etc.) attack or assail one another verbally or physically; beat up on s.o.<br> <font size=+1>The two political parties spend all their time hitting on each other, and never get anything done</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hit on/upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(yuuhi)</font> 6b tr <br> guess; arrive at a goal by trial and error<br> <font size=+1>At first we couldn't think of a solution, but then we hit upon the right one</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tenpaTu)</font> 4 intr 3pn + dat <br> come or light on; find by chance<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku oru pudu vazi tenpaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He hit upon a new way (to do s.t.)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3c intr 3pn + dat <br> come or light on; find by chance<br> <font size=+1>We were grasping at straws, but then we found the answer</font><br> 1) (kaNTu piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hit s.o. up for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> approach s.o. for a quick loan, etc.; corner s.o. to get a quick contribution<br> <font size=+1>See if you can hit him up for a 50 rupee loan, since he's flush right now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaimaattaa kaTan vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> get a small loan from s.o. on a short-term basis<br> <font size=+1>I'll hit him for a quickie out-of-pocket loan</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hitch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalyaaNam aahu)</font> 3 <br> get married; tie the knot<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avanukku kaTeysile kalyaaNam aaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>He finally got hitched.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> hook; tackle; attach, as a railway carriage<br> <font size=+1>They hitch the two carriages together when they reach the junction</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hitch up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> harness, as an animal to a vehicle<br> <font size=+1>Hitch up the oxen to the cart, and let's get going</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> hike up or pull up, as o's socks, trousers, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Hitch up your socks, they're falling down</font><br> 1) (izuttu viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padukku)</font> 3 tr <br> store up; create artificial demand<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan padukkiveccirunda tanganahenge keTacciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The gold jewelry hoarded by the thief has been found</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> accumulate and store up secretly and illegally, as consumer goods, scarce commodities, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They've been hoarding gold in hopes of driving the prices up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(padukki vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> lay up, stock up on as provisions, commodities, etc.; corner the market<br> <br> <font size=+1>sila vyaabaaringa sila saamaangaLe padukki vecci veleye eetta paakkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some merchants hoard certain commodities and then try to raise their prices.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoard up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seemiccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> save and store up, as money, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We heed to hoard up our resources in case of a crisis</font><br> 1) (seettu vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (seettu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoarse, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of throat and voice) grow hoarse or harsh, as with cold, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I got hoarse from yelling at him all the time</font><br> 1) (aTicc-iTu) 4 ta<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (aTeccikkoo) 4 intr<br> 3) (kammu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kara kara)</font> 6 intr <br> (of throat and voice) grow hoarse, rough or harsh, as with cold, shouting, weeping, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That bad cold has made her hoarse, and she can barely talk</font><br> 1) (kammi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoary, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLu)</font> 6 intr <br> (of hair) become white, pale or gray<br> <font size=+1>He has this mane of hoary white hair now</font><br> 1) (nareccuppoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoax</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poraLiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> trick s.o.; play a practical joke on, play a joke/jest on, play a prank on, gyp, fool, deceive, bluff, hoodwink, delude, dupe, flummox, take in, cheat, swindle, defraud, pull the wool over s.o.'s ey<br> <font size=+1>Those who paid to see the talking horse were hoaxed, I'm afraid</font><br> 1) (poraLi paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (poraLi senju eemaattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hobble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taangi taangi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> hobble along; limp along; walk along in a difficult way<br> <font size=+1>After I broke my leg, I just hobbled along on crutches</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalungaLe kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tie or fasten together the legs, as a horse, to prevent straying<br> <font size=+1>When you want to allow a horse to graze, but not stray too far, you hobble it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(noNTi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk lamely; limp; go limping<br> <font size=+1>Now that he's old, he sort of hobbles when he walks</font><br> 1) (vinji vinji naTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTahu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> pawn; leave or deposit s.t. as security with the pawnbroker<br> <font size=+1>He hocked the gold from her dowry to buy a car</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> break or scrape up, as the soil, weeds, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The soil is hard here, so hoe it nicely and then water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLe kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> break up or scrape up weeds and remove them; weed<br> <font size=+1>The flower beds are full of weeds, so hoe them out</font><br> 1) (kaLe eTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hog</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaari koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be greedy, monopolize things; take for o.s. all or a large part of s.t.<br> <font size=+1>You're hogging all the resources, and leaving nothing for others!</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (vaari eTuttukkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoggish, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNNi maadiri naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> behave like a pig; behave in a dirty, greedy, selfish manner<br> <font size=+1>You're being hoggish, taking all the best food</font><br> 1) (paNNi maadiri iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(osattu)</font> 3 tr <br> put up, raise; increase the value, price of, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiya sudandara naaLule naanga indiya tuhirkoTiye osattuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We hoist the Indian flag on Indian independence day</font><br> 1) (eettu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 6b tr <br> raise, as the sails of a ship<br> <font size=+1>When you raise the sails, they hoist them by hand</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukku)</font> 3 tr <br> raise; lift up; elevate<br> <font size=+1>There's a freight elevator you can use to hoist the heavy loads</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taangu)</font> 3 tr <br> bear or support, as a pillar, a rafter, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It turns out that the steel uprights in the Twin Towers could not hold the weight of the collapsing building</font><br> 1) (piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hold o's breath<br> <font size=+1>I'm holding my breath to see if he does it right</font><br> 1) (taangi piTi, puTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> grasp; keep, support or bear, as with the hands or the arms; take hold of<br> <font size=+1>Here, hold this until I can get a box</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (koLLu) 1 tr 3pn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> contain; be able to contain<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>inda vaaLi evvalavu taNNi koLLum (piTikkum)?</font><br> <font size=+1>How much water will this bucket hold?</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (koLLu) 1 tr 3pn<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(padavi vahi)</font> 6 trr <br> occupy the office of, as of chairman, president, minister, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He held the office longer than any other person</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> celebrate, as a festival, etc.; observe or honor, as anniversaries, events, etc.<br> <font size=+1>This celebration is held on the 26st of January every year.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(nene)</font> 6b tr <br> have or keep in mind, as a thought, a memory, etc.; regard or consider; consider or rate; think or believe<br> <font size=+1>We hold these truths to be self-evident</font><br> 1) (muucce piTiccikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiLi)</font> 4 tr <br> rate; estimate; consider of a certain value, etc.; believe in certain principles<br> <font size=+1>I hold fast to the principles of the United Nations</font><br> 1) (tazuvu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> extend or hold out, as o's arms; point or direct, as a gun on s.o., etc.<br> <font size=+1>He held out his hand in friendship</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> continue; last; endure; remain in a specified state, as the weather, a skill, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I think this weather is going to hold for a few days</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> be or remain valid; be applicable, as a rule, a proverb, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The principle still holds.</font><br> 1) (eNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be; remain or continue to be, as in a specified state, condition, quality, relationship, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The laws enacted by the previous regime still hold, I'm afraid</font><br> 1) (porundu) 3 intr<br> 2) (amulle iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaru)</font> 2t <br> attract; hold, as the attention of an audience, a listener, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He's able to hold the audience's attention for over an hour</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) </B> <font size=+1>(karudu)</font> 3 tr <br> consider; regard; judge; deem; rate<br> <font size=+1>The judge held that the separation of religion and state was still valid</font><br> 1) (eNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(15) </B> <font size=+1>(vacciru)</font> 7 tr <br> possess or own; keep as o's own, as a house, a car, etc.; set aside or retain, for future use; keep in a certain position, as a part of the body, a person or a thing; have or keep, as s.t. in o's<br> <font size=+1>His father died, but he holds the property in trust</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ediraa tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> adopt a position counter to; turn s.t. against s.o.<br> <font size=+1>I won't hold it against you if you leave now.</font><br> 1) (ediraa payanpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> delay; hold up; postpone the departure of; detain, make late, slow up/down, bog down; hinder, hamper, impede, obstruct<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru aaLukkaaha basse taamadappaTuttamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We cannot hold back the bus just for one person</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hold in; keep back or control, as o's feelings, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You could see that she wsa holding back tears</font><br> 1) (taTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangi nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> hang back; hang behind; be hesitant or unwilling to act<br> <font size=+1>When the others rushed forward, I held back</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (aTakkikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> delay; hinder; obstruct; place obstructions or hindrances in the way<br> <font size=+1>The governor of New York is holding back progress on the reconstruction of ground zero</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taTutti niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> check; restrain; keep back; stop<br> <font size=+1>When he gets hot under the collar, it's my duty to hold him back</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> impose constraint or obligation; hold in check; restrain<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTekki vara kuuTTatte yaaraaleyum kaTTu paTutta muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody was able to hold back the crowd clamoring to get into the store</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakkuppiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> continue to manage and keep, as a job, etc.; withstand or stay on, as in a job, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He has held down two jobs all these years, so he could feed his family</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> keep at a low level; check, as any rise in price, etc.; lower, as noise, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It's getting noisy in here; can you hold it down?</font><br> 1) (tangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> control; check; restrain, as freedom, prices, pollution, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We need to hold down prices, and reduce imports</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold forth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTi mozakku)</font> 3 tr <br> speak at great length; speak on endlessly; blather and babble on and on<br> <font size=+1>If you give these DMK fellows a minute, they'll hold forth for an hour.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> offer, give or extend, as hope, encouragement, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I held forth an olive branch, and he accepted it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold o's breath/tongue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muucci viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> keep quiet; refuse to say a word; remain silent<br> !<br> <font size=+1>muuccu viTaade! (muuccu!)</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep quiet! Hold your tongue! Don't say anything!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTuttu niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> keep back; resist; repel, as an army, dacoits, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We need to hold off the enemy until reinforcements arrive</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> stay away; keep off; be absent or delayed; keep at a distance; try not to join in or mingle with; avoid association with s.o.<br> <font size=+1>I held off going there because I don't like their policies</font><br> 1) (otti vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (odungi iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put off; postpone; defer; table (a motion)<br> <font size=+1>Let's hold off until tomorrow, and then go</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> last; keep up; remain or continue to be the same<br> <font size=+1>We need to hold on to what we've been doing and the way we're doing it</font><br> 1) (taangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poru)</font> 6 intr <br> wait; hang on, as during a talk, a telephone conversation, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I asked him to hold on while I got a pencil</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toTar)</font> 2 tr <br> continue; keep going, as a story, gossip, rain, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The rain held on for another day, and we were soaked</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hold out; hang on (in there); manage; last or endure in spite of difficulties, etc.<br> <font size=+1>If we can hold out until August, our health insurance will kick in.</font><br> 1) (taakku puTi, piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> manage; maintain o.s. under difficulties, against challenges, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We've managed to hold on during this difficult period, but we can't continue much longer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold onto</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> offer or give, as help, support, hope, etc.; extend, as welcome<br> <font size=+1>We held out a welcoming hand to them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> extend, as o's arms; stretch forth<br> <font size=+1>He held out his arms, stretched out to the multitude</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold out for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ukkaa kaattiru)</font> 7 intr <br> wait a higher price, better offer, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga adiha velekki kaattirunTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were holding out for a higher price.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold out on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollaama viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> withhold or keep or refrain from revealing, as a secret, a fact, etc.<br> ( )?<br> <font size=+1>ade een enkiTTe sollaame viTTe (marecce)?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did you hold out on me (when you already knew what happened)?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aadaravu kaaTTaama iru)</font> 7 intt <br> refuse to support; refrain from supporting<br> <font size=+1>Their faction held out on us, and wouldn't support our amendment</font><br> 1) (aadaravu taraame iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (sollaame mare) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> keep quiet, silent or inactive; refrain from replying, supporting, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He knew what was going on, but he held out on us</font><br> 1) (aadaravu kaaTTa maru) 6 tr, ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> continue to remain, as in office, possession, etc., regularly or irregularly, beyond the fixed term<br> <font size=+1>Those regulations held over into the next term, but now we'll change them</font><br> 1) (otti vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(otti pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> postpone; put off; move to a later date<br> <font size=+1>The movie is being held over until tomorrow.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandu naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> continue or carry on; retain, as a play, a film, etc. beyond the arranged period<br> <font size=+1>It's been so successful, they've held it over another week</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold s.t or s.o. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTepaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be hindered, checked or delayed<br> <font size=+1>The governor is holding things up, to placate his supporters</font><br> 1) (taTangalpaNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold s.t. against s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ediraa edeyoo vaccukkiTTiru)</font> 7 tr <br> resent s.t.; bear a grudge against s.t.<br> <font size=+1>He's holding it against her that she didn't come forward earlier</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold s.t. over s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> threaten or menace; blackmail; threaten, as with a piece of secret unsavory information<br> <font size=+1>He's holding it over me, and hoping to extract a bribe</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold tight</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make firm or strong by pressing; hold onto s.t.; grasp<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaiye azutti piTiccukko</font><br> <font size=+1>Hold my hand tight</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTu kuTukkaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> stick with s.t.; observe or hold certain beliefs of principles; remain by a previous position<br> <font size=+1>I hold to the principles established in the constitution</font><br> 1) (kaTe piTi) 6b tr<br> 2) (ottukkoo ~(sh tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> join together, as sheets of paper, etc.; cause to unite or keep united, as a group of people, a nation, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We're trying to hold our coalition together, but it's hard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> be united or joined; remain together<br> <font size=+1>The trade union federation won't hold together much longer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazippari seyya niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop or halt in order to rob; attempt a stick-up<br> <font size=+1>Train robbers held up the train and took everybody's valuables</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show or offer as an example<br> <font size=+1>He was often held up as a 'poster child' for his disability.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukku)</font> 3 tr <br> raise or keep up, as o's hand, etc.<br> <font size=+1>If you agree with me, hold up your hands</font><br> 1) (udaaranam kaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be delayed; be slowed down<br> <font size=+1>Work is held up on train repair, as usual</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(koLLe aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> rob a bank, rob a person<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu beenke koLLe aTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They held up a bank together.</font><br> 1) (osattu, uyarttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> delay; cause to be delayed or late; slow down<br> <font size=+1>The flight departure was held up because of weather.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hold with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sammadi)</font> 6b intr <br> agree, concur, consent, go along with<br> <font size=+1>I don't hold with this line of thought.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>homesick, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavi)</font> 6b intr <br> suffer or languish, as in prison, isolation, etc.; long for, as for company, friendship, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava appaa-mmaa paasattukku taviccikkiTTirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's homesick for the affection of her parents.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saaNe kallule tiiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> sharpen on a whetstone, as a knife, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When the knife gets dull, hone it on this whetstone</font><br> 1) (tiiTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meempaTuttikoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> improve o's skill at s.t.; sharpen o's prowess<br> <font size=+1>He honed his skills as a negotiator when he worked for the World Bank.</font><br> 1) (saaNe puTi, piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>honest, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(yookkiyamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be truthful; be fair; be respectable<br> <font size=+1>eebrahaam linkan yookkiyamaa irundaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Abraham Lincoln was known to be an honest man</font><br> 1) (nallavanaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neermeyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be upright; be fair; be truthful<br> <font size=+1>Mahatma Gandhi was always an honest, fair and truthful person</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>honeymoon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teen nelavukku poo)</font> 3bi <br> go somewhere to spend o's honeymoon<br> <font size=+1>They honeymooned in the Nilgiris</font><br> 1) (teen nelave kazi) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>honk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oli ezuppu)</font> 3i <br> make a sound, honk a horn<br> <font size=+1>Geese and ducks honk</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(haaran aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> honk or sound the horn, as in an automobile<br> <font size=+1>In India, drivers honk their horns much more frequently than in America</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>honor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perumeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> exalt; honor; ennoble; express value for or to; recognize the value of<br> <br> <font size=+1>virudu kuTuttu anda kavinjare arasu perumeppaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government honored that poet by giving him an award</font><br> 1) (madi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eettu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept, as an agreement and conform to its conditions; accept, as a check, a draft, etc. and pay<br> <font size=+1>If you cross the check, the bank won't honor it.</font><br> 1) (gaurava-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> express approval, praise, honor, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu maadiriyaana nalla pustahangaLe veLiyiTuradukkaaha tirunaavukkarace arasu paaraaTTi parisu kuTuttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>the government honored Mr.Thirunavukkarasu by presenting him an award for publishing such useful works</font><br> 1) (serappi) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pay money, as by honoring a draft, a promissory note, conditions of a contract, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They honored the terms of the contract and refunded me my money</font><br> 1) (haanar paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoodwink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> deceive; trick; cheat; defraud; delude, dupe, outwit, fool, double-cross, take advantage of, fleece, get the better of, take in, hoax, mislead, swindle, gull, pull the wool over s.o.'s eyes; (inf.) c<br> <font size=+1>Nowadays there are many money schemes on the web that attempt to hoodwink innocent people and take all their money</font><br> 1) (vanji) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoodwinked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosam poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be cheated, tricked, deceived or mislead; become a sucker<br> <font size=+1>An old lady was hoodwinked by a scheme where they told her she had won the lottery, and all she needed to do was give them $1000</font><br> 1) (eemaaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hook</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> hook in; hang, as a shirt on a hook, etc.; fasten, as with a hook or s.t. else; hook up, as o's dress<br> <font size=+1>You need to hook up the fasteners on the back of your blouse</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTi izu)</font> 7 tr <br> catch and draw, as with a hook or sharp object, magnet etc.<br> <font size=+1>I lost a coin down a drain, so I had to figure out how to hook it and pull it out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTule pooTTu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch with a fishhook, as fish; catch, as a husband, a wife, a sucker, etc.<br> <font size=+1>With these internet hoaxes, they hook you by telling you you've won something</font><br> 1) (kokki pooTTu piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hook up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNeccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> join, connect, fix, attach, as electronic equipment, life support systems<br> <font size=+1>With the internet, we're hooked up with the whole world.</font><br> 1) (maaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> fix; attach; assemble<br> <font size=+1>We have a new TV, but it's not hooked up yet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hooked, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTimeyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> get or be dependent on; be or get addicted to, as drugs, etc.; be a slave to, as a habit<br> <font size=+1>He was hooked on heroin for years, but now he's drug free</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLeyangaLaale kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten or bind with hoops, as a barrel<br> <font size=+1>In the old days, people who hooped the barrels were called 'coopers' or 'hoopers'</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuccal pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> cry out; shout; make a row; utter shouts, as in disapproval, etc. at a meeting, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When I made that suggestion at the meeting, they hooted me down</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (kattu) 3 intr<br> 3) (kuuccal pooTTu taTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(alaru)</font> 3 intr <br> (of an owl) utter its characteristic cry; (of horn in a car, etc.) blare<br> <font size=+1>Owls hoot in order to communicate with each other</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hoot s.o. off (a stage, etc.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuccal pooTTu torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive off or away by shouting, as a speaker, etc.; shout s.o. down<br> <font size=+1>His act was so bad they hooted him off the stage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noNTi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> limp along; hobble<br> <font size=+1>When my leg was broken, I got around by hopping on one foot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tatti kudi)</font> 6b intr <br> jump, leap or hop, as a grasshopper, a frog, rabbit, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Certain animals hop rather than walk or crawl</font><br> 1) (moNTi naTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cross; jump or leap over, as a fence, a puddle, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When you get to the narrow part of the creek, you can just hop over it</font><br> 1) (tatti paayi) 2b intr<br> 2) (taaNTi kudi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tatti naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> stumble or trip along; toddle along, as a child<br> <font size=+1>Those little kids hop and jump around like little monkeys</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hop on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taavi eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> board or get onto, as a (moving) bus, train, etc. on the spur of the moment or at the last moment<br> <font size=+1>I hopped a train to London to see my publisher</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hope</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambu)</font> 3 tr <br> believe, trust, expect s.t. good or desired may happen; hope for<br> <font size=+1>I hope that we'll be able to get out of this military situation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(edir paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> expect; look forward to; aspire to; wait for, as an expected person; have aspirations for<br> <font size=+1>I'm hoping he'll come, because I haven't seen him in years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nene)</font> 6b tr <br> look forward, expect that s.t. will happen<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan varuvaan-NNu nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I hope he'll come.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hopeful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambikke koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of people) have or feel hope; be optimistic; have good thoughts for the future<br> <font size=+1>He's always hopeful, even in the face of repeated disappointment</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nambikke uuTTu)</font> 3i <br> give cause for hope; inspire hope; excite hope<br> <font size=+1>The fact that he's hopeful gives me hope, too</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>horn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> butt, as a bull, a cow, a buffalo; gore<br> <font size=+1>You have to watch out for those buffalo, or they'll horn you and gore you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>horn in (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(eTeyle (naTuvulee) noze)</font> 2a intr <br> interrupt or join in, as a conversation, etc.; butt in<br> <font size=+1>Whenever he gets a chance, he horns in on your conversation, and takes over</font><br> 1) (kurukkiTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>horrible, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayangramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be awful, terrible, disgusting, devastating, shocking<br> <font size=+1>It was a horrible thing to find the dead bodies there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bad, terrible, awful, wretched<br> <font size=+1>It was a horrible disaster</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>horrified, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adircci aTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be shocked or appalled; be filled with shock or horror<br> <font size=+1>I was horrified by what he said, and still can't believe it</font><br> 1) (adandu poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (tiTukkiTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>horrify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTukkiTa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> startle; shock; cause to shudder; fill with horror<br> <font size=+1>At first I was startled, but then I was just horrified</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(adircci aTeya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> shock; fill with shock<br> <font size=+1>It horrified me to think I would never see my children again</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>horse around, about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muraTTuttanamaa veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> play roughly; behave roughly; horse around (about)<br> <font size=+1>Those boys are always horsing around, it's nothing to worry about</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>horsewhip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLaaciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> beat, whip or cane viciously<br> <font size=+1>In the old days they used to say "he ought to be horsewhipped!"</font><br> 1) (vaang-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kudire savukkaale aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat with a horsewhip<br> <font size=+1>I remember a story that begins with a man witnessing somebody horsewhipping a horse</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hose down/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> wash, as a car, a room, a yard, etc.; hose off<br> <font size=+1>After you use the soap, you have to hose down the car with fresh water</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hospitalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaspatriyle seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> put or place s.o. in a hospital; get s.o. admitted into a hospital for treatment<br> <font size=+1>He had to be hospitalized because of a heart attack</font><br> 1) (aaspatriyle seeru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hostile, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viroodamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unfriendly or aggressive; be difficult for human life, etc., as climate, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The climate in the Sahara is just hostile to human life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viroodam koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> feel unfriendly or aggressive; feel or show animosity<br> <font size=+1>I didn't like it there--the people were hostile and unfriendly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moraNpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be antagonistic; be opposed, contrary or adverse<br> <font size=+1>He was hostile to my suggestions, so I quit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hot under the collar, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kodi)</font> 6b intr <br> boil; be hot; be angry; lose o's temper; be hot and bothered; have o's blood boil<br> <font size=+1>You got kind of hot under the dollar in there; you need to calm down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hot up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTu piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> warm up; heat up; get more excited or intense, as an election campaign, a speaker, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Things are 'hotting up' now as people make suggestions about the empty court seat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hot, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be heated to a high temperature; be burning, scalding<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattaratte toTaade adu suTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't touch the vessel, it's hot.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hot, be/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kodi)</font> 6b intr <br> feel very hot; boil; be very hot, as with fever<br> <font size=+1>He's very hot, and we need to try to reduce the fever</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be latest or recent, as news; feel hot, as tea, water, etc.<br> d !<br> <font size=+1>inda seydi suuTaa irukku!</font><br> <font size=+1>This news is hot!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 6b intr <br> be pungent or sharp, as pepper, etc.; scorch, as the sun<br> <font size=+1>Those red peppers are very hot, so watch out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(puzungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be sultry; feel stuffy<br> <font size=+1>It's a hot and humid day, so be careful when you go out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel hot; have a high degree of heat, as hot coffee, weather, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It's been very hot all summer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> heat up; make hot; cause to become hot<br> <font size=+1>Please turn up the flame on the stove and make it hotter</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be pungent or sharp, as pepper, spicy food, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Andhra food is supposed to be the very hottest in India</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hotfoot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tale terikka ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move or run very fast; go in very great haste; run headlong or rashly; fall all over o.s. to get somewhere; trip over o's own feet to get somewhere<br> <font size=+1>I'm going to hotfoot it over to the store and get some milk.</font><br> 1) (viTuviTuNNu naTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeTTeyaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> hunt, with or without dogs; chase; pursue<br> <font size=+1>They hounded him and wouldn't give up until they found him</font><br> 1) (torattikkiTTee iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> incite or urge s.o. to do s.t.<br> <font size=+1>I nagged him and hounded him and finally he did it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hound down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTi kaNTu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hunt down; find or discover after a search or pursuit<br> <font size=+1>He thought he had escaped, but they hounded him down and captured him in Brazil</font><br> 1) (teeTi piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hound out (of office)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padaviye viTTu torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive out of office by pressure; make s.o. resign by public protest, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Certain forces are trying to hound him out of office for his misdeeds as governor.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>house</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viiTu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give a house, as to s.o.; provide with a house<br> <font size=+1>They housed me in the empty residence of the former registrar</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTavasadi paNNi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> arrange for or provide with a place; accomodate as for work, study, storage, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I wonder if you can house me somewhere for a few weeks?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hover</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uusalaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> hang in the balance, as a person between life and death; (of life) be in an uncertain state; waver<br> <font size=+1>His condition is grave, and he's hovering between life and death</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTTamaTi)</font> 6b i, tr <br> hang about; circle, as a bird or plane in the sky; wait around, as people<br> <font size=+1>The birds just hover in the sky, and you wonder how they do it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkiTTu iru)</font> 7 intr, tr <br> circle around, as a bird or an aircraft in the sky; hang about or wait around, as people<br> <font size=+1>The plane was hovering over the airfield, waiting for a chance to land</font><br> 1) (mida) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>howl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuLayiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> utter cries, screams, caterwaulings<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaykki valiccaa uuLayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Dogs howl when they feel pain</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (alaru) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>huddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mihudiyaa kuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> gather closely together; crowd, press, throng, flock, pack, cram, herd, squeeze, bunch up, cluster, gather, congregate.<br> <font size=+1>When it gets cold, people huddle together for warmth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suruNTu keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> curl up; lie curled up, as a person in bed; be in fetal position<br> <font size=+1>He's curled up in bed, huddling in a fetal position</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTi orasikkiTTuiru)</font> 7 intr <br> gather or crowd together closely, as people, etc.<br> <font size=+1>In American football, the team members huddle to plan strategy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTi peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> meet or gather together to discuss; go into a huddle<br> <font size=+1>Let's huddle and discuss the situation</font><br> 1) (nerukki iTicci-kiTT-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>huff (and puff)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu vaangu)</font> 3 tr 3pn + dat <br> breathe heavily or with difficulty; pant, as after a climb, a race, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku muuccu vaangicci</font><br> <font size=+1>He was huffing and puffing; he was out of breath</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kup kupNNu veLiTu)</font> 4t <br> puff; emit or send out, as smoke, etc. in puffs<br> <font size=+1>He smokes big cigars, huffing and puffing on them until you can't breathe</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>huff, be in a</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koobappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be in a snit; have o's nose out of joint; be easily offended<br> <font size=+1>He left in a huff when he didn't get his way.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>huffy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(more)</font> 6b intr <br> be insolent or impudent; be haughty or proud<br> <font size=+1>You don't need to be so huffy--you've made a few mistakes in your life, too!</font><br> 1) (erinji vizu) 2 intr<br> 2) (vere) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siTusiTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be irritable; be in a huff; be peevish<br> <font size=+1>I don't know why she's so huffy today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hug</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTi tazuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> hold affectionately; embrace<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya varushanga kaziccu paatta oTane raamuvooTa appaa avan kaTTi tazuvikkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu's father hugged him affectionately when they met after many years</font><br> 1) (kaTTi piTi) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ooramaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> stick to the rail (eques.)<br> <font size=+1>In the stretch, Seattle Slew was hugging the rail</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (kaTTi puTicci-koo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((kaTTi) aNeccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hold s.o. or s.t. in o's arms; clasp or hold close to o.s.<br> <font size=+1>When he won the match, everybody hugged hiim</font><br> 1) (ane) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTi kuTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hug o.s.; be pleased with o.s.; pat o.s. on the back<br> <font size=+1>He's hugging himself and congratulating himself when he should be thinking of the needs of others</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>huge, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 6 intr <br> grow large, as a family, etc.; increase immensely, as population, etc.; grow thick and stout, as a person<br> <font size=+1>Since Independence, urbanization in India has resulted in huge population growth in cities</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(perusaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be immense, enormous, or vast<br> <font size=+1>The debt of developing countries in Africa is absolutely huge</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hull</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nellu kuttu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> remove hulls of rice or paddy by pounding<br> <font size=+1>After rice is harvested, it has to be hulled by pounding</font><br> 1) (umi niikku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nellu are)</font> 6b tr, intr <br> remove hulls of rice or paddy by mechanical means<br> <font size=+1>Nowadays there are machines that hull the rice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uri)</font> 6b tr <br> shell, as beans and peas; peel off shells or pods of<br> <font size=+1>If you have ever helped prepare corn for canning, you have to hull the ears first</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(meel toole niikku)</font> 3 trr <br> remove the hull, as of peas, beans, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Hull these peas for me, so I can cook them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hum</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayi terakkaadu paaTu)</font> 3 tr&i <br> sing without opening the mouth; make a continuous hum; sing by humming<br> <font size=+1>The kids used to annoy the teacher by humming, and she couldn't tell where it was coming from</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(munumunu)</font> 6 tr <br> sing indistinctly and inarticulately, as a film song, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Lots of times the chorus accompanies the lead singer by humming</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(surusuruppaa naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> (of activity) move fast; speed up; gain momentum<br> <font size=+1>Things are starting to heat up, but next week this place will be humming</font><br> 1) (ham paNNu) 3 tr, intr<br> 2) (surusuruppaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ereccalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be noisy; be full of noises, sounds, voices, etc., as a classroom, a house, a shop, a machine, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That place really hums with activity, so you can hardly hear yourself think</font><br> 1) (sattamaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (viruviruppaa naTa) 7 intr<br> 3) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(riingaaram seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> buzz; make a hum, as a bee<br> <font size=+1>We could hear a bee humming somewhere in the room</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 ta<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>humanize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manidanaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make or cause to be human; make humane; civilize, improve, better; educate, enlighten, instruct; sophisticate, socialize, refine, polish, edify.<br> <font size=+1>We need to humanize the workplace so workers feel more engaged</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>humble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make o.s. humble or insignificant; make o.s. meek, as before god, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The penitent humble themselves when they go to the holy places</font><br> 1) (aTakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTkappaTa vayyi)</font> 6 tr <br> cause s.o. to be ashamed; put s.o. to shame; make or help s.o. to feel for his pride, vanity, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We must be careful not to humble them or put them to shame, or it could backfire</font><br> 1) (paNiya vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizppaTiya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> subdue; make submissive; bring s.o. under o's own control<br> <font size=+1>In those days, after the kind conquered an area, he would go personally to humble the conquered and show them who was boss</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>humble, be/grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaz)</font> 2 intr <br> grow submissive; submit; stoop<br> <font size=+1>He has become more humble after his recent setbacks</font><br> 1) (kiizppaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paNinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or grow submissive; be meek; be polite or courteously respectful<br> <font size=+1>He became a little more humble after I explained who I was</font><br> 1) (aTakkamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>humdrum, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sappuNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be dull, flat or insipid; be plain; be lacking in variety or change<br> <font size=+1>He leads a sort of humdrum life here, without much variety</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saadaaraNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be plain or ordinary; be routine, boring, dull, without any change<br> <font size=+1>It was a sort of humdrum day, not much happened</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bad, be boring, be run of the mill, be dull<br> <font size=+1>The movie was rather humdrum and dull</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>humid, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(namuttu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow damp or moist<br> <font size=+1>The air became very humid, and we had to put on the A.C.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>humiliate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avamaanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put to shame; lower the pride or self-respect of; disgrace<br> <font size=+1>In Abu Graib prison, the guards humiliated the prisoners</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> degrade; disgrace; debase; treat with contempt<br> <font size=+1>Humiliating prisoners in order to get information doesn't really work</font><br> 1) (taazvupaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttip peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> humiliate verbally; villify; excoriate; put s.o. down<br> <font size=+1>She humiliated me by scolding me in front of the whole class</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(puNpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> mortify; cause to feel ashamed or hurt<br> <font size=+1>What he did humiliated her, and she's never forgiven him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>humor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> yield to; be indulgent; mollify<br> <font size=+1>We've got to humor him; he's given us a lot of money.</font><br> 1) (trupti-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piriyappaTi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> behave according to the wish or humor of; comply with the wish of<br> <font size=+1>When he starts to talk like that, I just humor him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruptipaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> gratify; satisfy; cause to feel satisfied or content<br> <font size=+1>Try to humor him until we find a way to get out of here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hump</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 6 tr <br> bend or curve, as o's back; hunch, arch, curve, crook, curl up.<br> <font size=+1>stop humping your back and stand up straight! </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hump-backed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuunu)</font> 3 intr <br> be or grow hunch-backed<br> <font size=+1>Over time, she became humpbacked, from osteoporosis</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hunch (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> 2 tr <br> bend, stoop or arch, as o's back, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They kept the prisoners hunched over, so they couldn't stand up straight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuninju nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> stand (sit) (walk) with a stoop or with bent posture<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avan meesemeele kuninji ezudikiTTirundaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>He was hunched over his desk, writing.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hunched (over) be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuunu)</font> 3c tr <br> be bent down or stooped; be hunchbacked<br> <br> <font size=+1>muduhu kuuni irukkradunaale kezaviyaale nimindu paakkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the old lady is kind of hunched over, she can't look up straight</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hunched, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be bent; be collapsed; be hunkered down; squat or crouch down low; cf. also squat, bend (down), hunch over, stoop, kneel (down); duck, cower<br> <br> <font size=+1>soomu soohattule oru oorattule moTangi keTakkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Somu is hunched in a corner, all sad and sorrowful</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hunger for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> desire earnestly; have a great desire for<br> <font size=+1>People in Iraq are hungering for peace and security.</font><br> 1) (tuTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> hunger (for, after); desire; wish<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anbukkaaha aase-paTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He hungered for kindness.</font><br> 1) (tuTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hungry, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pasi)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> feel hunger, be hungry<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku pasikkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm hungry.</font><br> 1) (pasi eTu) 6 intr 3pn + dat<br> 2) (paci eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hunt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeTTeyaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> chase animals to kill for sport or food<br> <br> <font size=+1>maangaLe veeTTeyaaTraduNNaa en maamaakku romba piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>My uncle likes to hunt deer a lot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> seek; act so as to lead to or provoke: cf. also try to find, look for, be on the lookout for, be after, be in quest of, be in pursuit of. <br> <br> <font size=+1>podeyale naanee taniyaa teeTikkareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will hunt for the treasure on my own</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(turuvi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> search thoroughly or comb, as a place, an area, etc.<br> <font size=+1>People have been hunting for the lost children in that area for three days now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hunt down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toratti piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch after a chase or pursuit, as a criminal, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We will hunt down and capture the terrorists</font><br> 1) (veraTTi piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hunt for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(turuvi teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> seek or search for s.t. thoroughly<br> <font size=+1>I'm hunting for my keys, which I seem to have lost</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hunt up/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(turuvi piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> ferret out; scare up, find or obtain through searching<br> <font size=+1>I didn't know where to look, but he hunted something up on the internet</font><br> 1) (teeTi kaNTupiTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hurl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaari koTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pour out or utter vehemently, as words, comments, curses, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He hurled invectives at his adversary.</font><br> 1) (sozatti viisu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sozatti eri)</font> 2b tr <br> whirl and fling with force<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In Britain, there's a game of strength where they hurl huge rocks as far as they can</font><br> 1) (tuukki viisu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viisi eri)</font> 2b tr <br> throw with force; fling violently; project<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When the satellite reaches the right altitude, it is hurled into orbit by firing the rockets</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki eri)</font> 2b tr <br> lift up and fling with force; pick up and throw<br> <font size=+1>He was so strong, he picked up the other man and hurled him into the wagon</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hurry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avasarappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to move, act or do faster; hasten; quicken; cause to be in a hurry<br> <font size=+1>I'm trying to hurry you all up here, so we can finish</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> urge forward; hasten, as of a lazy worker, etc.; step up<br> <font size=+1>Hurry him up; he works too slowly</font><br> 1) (verevu paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(avasarappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be in a hurry, as to act, move, do, etc.; be impatient, as to act, move, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I'm hurrying to finish before June 30th</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vere)</font> 2i <br> move, proceed or act with haste or speed<br> <font size=+1>Please hurry down to the office and sign the forms</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sarrNNu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go directly without stopping on the way; go non-stop<br> <font size=+1>Hurry to the cleaners and get my suit.</font><br> 1) (nikkaame poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (tuTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(veehamaa vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come (go) (do or act) with speed or haste<br> <font size=+1>We need to hurry up and finish this</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hurry up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veehamaa paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> do s.t. quickly or with speed<br> <font size=+1>Hurry up, we haven't got much time!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk faster by taking quick steps<br> <font size=+1>I was walking too slowly, so I increased my pace and hurried up</font><br> 1) (giTugiTu-NNu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTukuTuNNu ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> run fast; rush quickly; move in a hurry<br> <font size=+1>He's always hurrying and scurrying around</font><br> 1) (viTuviTuNNu naTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hurt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayam paNNikkoo @(sh tr & intr)@)</font> 1 t&intr <br> injure o.s. physically; get o.s. hurt, as with a cut, a wound or a scratch<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan pensil siivikkiTTu irundappa, veralle kaayam paNNikkiTTaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>When he was sharpening the pencil, he hurt his finger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manam noo)</font> 2 intr <br> be hurt in mind<br> <font size=+1>He doesn't show it, but he's hurting inwardly from what you said</font><br> 1) (noohu) 2 intr 3pn only<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(manam nooha paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to be hurt in mind, heart; cause to feel wounded in mind, heart<br> <font size=+1>What you said hurt him deeply, but he doesn't say anything</font><br> 1) (noohu) 2 intr 3pn only<br> 2) (puNpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> damage, injure or harm, as s.o.'s fame, reputation, image, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That incident hurt his reputation, and it has never recovered</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause physical injury to; injure physically<br> <font size=+1>When the truck hit the car, people were hurt severely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(keeTu veLevi)</font> 6 trr <br> cause damage or harm, as to s.o.'s reputation, etc.; affect or impair<br> <font size=+1>Such a thing can hurt a woman's reputation irreparably</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(vali)</font> 6b intr <br> feel or suffer physical pain<br> ( ) .<br> <font size=+1>en kaalu (gaayam) innamum valikidu.</font><br> <font size=+1>My leg (wound) still hurts.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hurt (feelings)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam nooha seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> distress; make a person's heart sad with dissappointment, etc.; be chagrined by s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTumayaane vaarttehaLaale veelane manam nooha seyyaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Do not hurt Velan's feelings by using unkind words</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hurtle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTamuTaNNu uruLu)</font> 1 intr <br> roll or move noisily, as a rock, a heavy round object<br> <font size=+1>The satellite came hurtling down and smashed into the comet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTakaTaNNu ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> rush noisily and quickly, as a train, a truck, a rickshaw, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The train hurtled into the night, and was gone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTukuTuNNu ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> run or rush very fast, as a child<br> <font size=+1>That kid just hurtles around like a loose cannon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(virrNNu parandooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> run very fast; rush quickly or noisily, as a car, scooter, etc.; fly noisily and quickly, as an aircraft<br> <font size=+1>The plane took off and hurtled away into the sky</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>husband</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkanamaa kaiyaaLu)</font> 1t <br> manage, handle or use prudently, as o's resources, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You need to husband your resources, or they won't last</font><br> 1) (gavanamaa nirvahi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hush</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amedippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to be silent or calm, as a baby; silence, as a crowd, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When the baby cries, try to hush it so it'll sleep</font><br> 1) (tuunga paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> allay; quiet (as fears); calm, as fears, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I tried to hush their fears, because there was no danger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hush up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make quiet; silence<br> <font size=+1>They tried to hush up the scandal, but people found out anyway</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>husk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove the husk or hull from, as rice, wheat, etc. by pounding or by means of a machine; remove bran and polish, as rice, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Rice comes with a husk, so it has to be husked</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(umi pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove the husk or hull<br> <font size=+1>Corn has to be husked before you can get at the kernels</font><br> 1) (meel tool appurappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hustle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veelevaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> hustle, make s.o. work hard and quickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avangaLe naaL muzukka veele vaanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He hustled them all day long.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neTTi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> shove or push roughly<br> <font size=+1>You have to watch out, or they'll hustle you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vibasaaram paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> work as a prostitute; exchange sexual favors for money<br> <font size=+1>She's been on the streets of New York, hustling for some years</font><br> 1) (veraTTi viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paraparappaa veele paar)</font> 6 tr <br> work hurriedly, rapidly<br> <font size=+1>You'd better hustle your bustle.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(avasaramaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go in a hurry; hurry; move fast<br> <font size=+1>Okay folks, let's hustle! We don't have time to lose</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(iTiccu taLLi kiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> shove or push o's way, as through a crowd, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We had to push and hustle our way through that mob</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(meraTTi pari)</font> 6b tr <br> obtain or gain, as money, etc. by coercion, force, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Those mafiosi hustled us for protection money and bribes, you name it</font><br> 1) (miraTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(torattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to leave in a hurry, as children to school, etc.; force to leave or drive away<br> <font size=+1>I hustled the children into the car, because we were late for school</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hybridize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalappuyir uNTu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> develop, produce a hybrid<br> <font size=+1>They developed a hybrid that requires less water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalappuyir uNTu paNNa vayyi)</font> 6 tr <br> cause to produce a hybrid<br> <font size=+1>They have funds to encourage people to hybridize grains that will quadruple the yield</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hyphenate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNeppukkuri iTu)</font> 4i <br> put in a hyphen; write with a hyphen<br> <font size=+1>We developed a program to hyphenate Tamil in the proper places</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eNeppukkuri iTTu seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> join with a hyphen<br> <font size=+1>Hyphenate such words as "on-line" until further notice</font><br> 1) x (haifan pooTu) 4 intr<br> 2) x (haifan pooTTu seeru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hypnotize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ariduyle uNTu paNTu)</font> 3i <br> cause a hypnotic state<br> <font size=+1>He hypnotized people into believing they would make money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manoo vasiyam paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> mesmerize, put s.o. into a subconscious or hypnotic state<br> <font size=+1>This will hypnotize you, so watch what happens</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(hipnoTais paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> put s.o. into a hypnotic state<br> <font size=+1>Nowadays it's not so easy to hypnotize people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>hypothecate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTahu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> pledge as security; mortgage; pledge without delivery or title of possession; pledge as collateral<br> <font size=+1>They hypothecated their property as collateral for the loan</font><br> 1) (haipaatikeeT paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (aTemaanam vayyi) 6b tr<br> 3) (peNeyamaa vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pani kaTTiyaale kuLiravayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cool with ice; make cold by using ice<br> <font size=+1>If the wound hurts to much, ice it with cold packs</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) j </B> <font size=+1>(jillNNu aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make cold or chill, as a drink, etc.<br> <font size=+1>If you ice these drinks they'll be much more refreshing</font><br> 1) (aisaa maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ice down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(panikkaTTi vaccu aTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> pack with ice, as fish, etc.<br> <font size=+1>After the fish are hauled in, they have to be iced down to keep them from spoiling</font><br> 1) (ais vecci peek paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ice up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orenjupooy niNNuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> freeze up; become inoperative or stop functioning from freezing, as an engine, a machine, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The windshield wipers got iced up and we couldn't defrost them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pani paTandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become covered with ice, as a window-pane, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The windows are all iced up and I can't see out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ice-cold, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ais maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of hands, feet, etc.) be cold as ice<br> <font size=+1>My hands and feet are ice cold and I need to warm them up</font><br> 1) (sill-NNu iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) j </B> <font size=+1>(jillNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be cold or chill; be very cold, as a drink, etc.<br> <font size=+1>This place is ice-cold; turn on the heat!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>icy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLir)</font> 2 intr <br> be cold or chill, as wind, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That's an ice wind blowing out of the north</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(panikkaTTi nerenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be full of or filled with ice<br> <font size=+1>The roads are icy, so watch out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vazukku)</font> 3 intr <br> be slippery, as a road, a path, etc. (not necessarily from ice)<br> <font size=+1>The roads are slippery, possibly icy, so be careful</font><br> 1) (sill-NNu iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ideal, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasadiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be advantageous or convenient, as a house, time, chance, etc.<br> <font size=+1>This house is ideal for us, because it's compact</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nallaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be excellent or best<br> <font size=+1>He's the ideal person to lead the government</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(laTciyamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be an image of perfection; be unreal, unattainable, or impractical<br> <font size=+1>That would be nice in an ideal world, but the world we live in isn't ideal</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ~X~ ~ ( +) ~ </B> <font size=+1>(@X@ laTciya @(Noun +) aa iru@)</font> 7 intr <br> be conceived or regarded as perfect or excellent<br> .<br> <font size=+1>aNe kaTTuradukku idu oru laTciya eTamaa irukkum.</font><br> <font size=+1>This will be an ideal place to build a dam.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>idealize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(laTciya vaTittule kuri)</font> 6 tr <br> represent in an ideal form<br> <font size=+1>He tends to idealize women and especially motherhood</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(laTciyamaa nene)</font> 6b tr <br> think of s.t. as an ideal; have a mental image of s.t. as perfect<br> <font size=+1>He idealizes things too much, and lives in a fantasy world</font><br> 1) (laTshiyamaa eNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(laTciya nelekki osattu)</font> 3 tr <br> exalt to an ideal state or perfection<br> <font size=+1>In some societies, women are idealized to states of perfection they can never attain</font><br> 1) (laTciyamaa uruvaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ideate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sindane paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> form ideas; think<br> <font size=+1>When human beings began to ideate and to be able to form concepts, we were then beyond the apes</font><br> 1) (karpaneyle uruvaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>identical (with), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oree accaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people or things) be exactly similar or alike; be in the same mold<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLum ava ammaavum ore accaa irukkaanga.</font><br> <font size=+1>She and her mother are identical (in looks).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) (~ ~)+ ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(adee (@noun@)+ maadiri (poola) iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be exactly similar to; be the same as; be alike to<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>kaaNaamappoona adee peTTi maadiri (poola) idu irukku.</font><br> <font size=+1>This is identical in appearance to the missing box.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oree maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people or things) be similar or alike<br> .<br> <font size=+1>on seruppum ennadum oree maadiri irukku.</font><br> <font size=+1>Your sandals and mine are identical.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>identify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeyaaLam kaNTukoo @(sh tr )@)</font> 1 tr <br> recognize the identity of, as a criminal, the taste of wine, etc.; tell<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I recognized the taste of the wine, and was able to identify it as a Beaujolais</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeyaaLam kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> discover or find out the identity of; establish the identity of<br> <font size=+1>Someone saw the girl and identified her as the one kidnapped by the mafia</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeyaaLam kaaTTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> serve as a means or mark of identification; be a dead give-away<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan baaNiye avane aTeyaaLam kaaTTiTum.</font><br> <font size=+1>His style will identify him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(enam kaNTukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> recognize or establish the identity of, as a species, a politician, a group, a theory, etc.<br> <font size=+1>This has been recognized as a new species of marsupial</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeyaaLam kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show or verify the identity, as of a criminal, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They identified the kidnapper as a child molester with a long record</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>identify with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> lose o.s. in, as a character in a film, etc.; feel at one with<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>anda naTihar anda paattinatle onrippoonaar (aikkiyamaayiTTaar)</font><br> <font size=+1>The actor identified himself with the character.</font><br> 1) (aikkiyam aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seendu koo@(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> associate o.s. with, as a group, a party, etc.; feel o.s. to belong to a group, ethnicity, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??naan tamiz-taan illaadadum, naan tanne tamizkaLooTu seendukkareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I identify with the Tamils, even though I'm not a Tamil myself.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat or consider as identical with; consider or regard as one with<br> <br> <font size=+1>You must not [make the mistake of] identify[ing] his opinions with his party's principles.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eNenjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> feel an affinity for; feel sympathetic toward<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avan anda gooshTiyooTa eNenjukiTTaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>He's identified himself with that clique (group, gang).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aikkiyappaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> associate o.s. inseparably with; put o.s. in the place of, as a character in a novel, etc.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>He identified himself with the policy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(sambandappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> connect or associate s.o. with; consider s.o. to be associated with<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda gumbalooTe enne sambandappaTuttaade.</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't identify me with that group.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>idiotic, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTattanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be stupid, blockheaded, senseless, or foolish<br> <font size=+1>It was idiotic of me to leave that pot boiling on the stove like that</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kirukkuttanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be half-witted or stupid; be silly<br> <font size=+1>That was an idiotic thing to say, and I apologize</font><br> 1) (muTTaaLtanamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>idle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> pass time idly; waste time doing nothing; be inactive or lazy<br> <font size=+1>We were just idling the time away, doing nothing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa ooTikkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of an engine or machine) run or operate without useful work being done<br> <font size=+1>When you idle the engine at a stop light, you are wasting fuel</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa irukka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause s.o. or s.t. to be idle; cause s.o. to be not working<br> <font size=+1>You have idled the whole plant by this strike</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (veeleyillaame irukka seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pozudu pookku, poodu pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> while away time; pass time lazily<br> <font size=+1>We were just idling the time waiting for the next train</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>idle along</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> move, loiter or saunter idly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga teruvile summaa tirinji-kiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were just idling along the street.</font><br> 1) (sutti tiri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>idle away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozudu pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> pass (time) idly; while away, as a day, an evening, a night, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki saayangaalam puuraaveyum pozudu pookkiTTee</font><br> <font size=+1>You've managed to idle away the whole evening.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>idle, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTTu pookkaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) be playful; be shirking work; (of pleasures, etc.) be frivolous<br> <font size=+1>You've been idle while you could be doing something productive</font><br> 1) (veLayaaTTu tanamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viinaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be vain or frivolous, as pleasures, etc.; be worthless, as talk, gossip, etc.; be worthless or useless, as advice, counsel, words, etc.; be groundless or baseless, as fear, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That's just idle talk; don't pay any attention to it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ubayooham illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be useless; be ineffective, as advice, threats, etc.; be worthless or insignificant, as talk, gossip, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Don't attempt to influence me with idle threats.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veele illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) be jobless or unemployed; (of machinery) be without work; be unused or unoperated<br> <font size=+1>During the 1930's, many workers were idle and unemployed</font><br> 1) (summaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(soombalaa iru)</font> 7 intr + dat <br> (of people) be lazy, indolent or sluggish<br> <font size=+1>They're a lazy, sluggish, idle bunch of people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>idolize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazipaaTTu poruLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> treat as an idol; make an idol of; venerate or adore to excess<br> <font size=+1>She idolized her mother, but had no use for her father</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teyvamaa koNTaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat as an idol or deity; regard with blind adoration; adore as an idol<br> <font size=+1>Some people idolize film stars, and act like they're gods</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uruva vazipaaTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> worship idols; practice religious idolatry<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava uruva vazipaaTu seyraa.</font><br> <font size=+1>She tends to idolize people to the point of idolatry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ignite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> set on fire; set fire to; kindle<br> <font size=+1>You can ignite the engine by pressing this button</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eriya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to burn; set fire to<br> <font size=+1>Lightning ignited the fire and it burned for three days</font><br> 1) (tiippatta vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (pattiyeri) 2b intr<br> 3) (tii piTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tii piTikka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set fire to; set on fire; kindle<br> <font size=+1>A carelessly dropped match can ignite a fire and destroy a lot of property</font><br> 1) (eri) 6b tr<br> 2) (tuuNTu) 3 tr<br> 3) (tiippattikkoo) 4 intr<br> 4) (tiippiTi) 6b tr<br> 5) (eri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: ignite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> moved to syn<br> <font size=+1>Lenin's speeches aroused the masses and ignited a revolution</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ignite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> set aflame or ablaze; set on fire<br> <font size=+1>The sparks ignited a fire that has spread through the whole forest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ignoble, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizttaramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be base or mean; be low or inferior; be beneath contempt<br> <font size=+1>That attack was an ignoble act and beneath contempt</font><br> 1) (ahauravamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) be dishonorable, mean or base; (of intentions, character, etc.) be low or mean; be dispicable, be rotten<br> <font size=+1>Those terrorists will stoop at nothing, not even the most ignoble act</font><br> 1) (iinattanamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ignominious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avamaanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be shameful or disgraceful; be humiliating<br> <font size=+1>They lost, and went down in ignominious defeat</font><br> 1) (avamadippaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ignorant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyaadavanaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be lacking in knowledge of a particular subject, fact, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I'm totally ignorant when it comes to medical questions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anubavam illaadavanaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be inexperienced; be without experience or training<br> <font size=+1>He's ignorant and inexperienced, so we have to train him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ariviinamaa iru)</font> 7i <br> (of a remark, etc.) show lack of knowledge; be caused by ignorance<br> <font size=+1>That was a totally ignorant thing he said, and shows how stupid he is</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTikkaadavanaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be uneducated; be unlearned<br> <font size=+1>They're just ignorant, uneducated people, but they can't help it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ignore</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTukkaame iru)</font> 7 intr <br> look the other way (as a judge, policeman); overlook corruption, illegal activities, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saTTaviroodamaana naTavaTikkeye puhaar seyyaama kaNTukkaame irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tended to ignore illegal activities that he should have reported</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(alacciya paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> overlook; disregard intentionally; fail to consider<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>ava enne alacciya paTuttiTTee irukkaa; eeNNu puriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>She keeps ignoring me; I don't understand why.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTukkaame iru)</font> 7 intr <br> act blind; refuse to recognize, snub; close one eye to; overlook<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan viiTTule naTakkura edeyum kaNTukkaame irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He deliberately ignored everything that was going on in the house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTozi)</font> 6b tr <br> disregard deliberately; abstain from; renounce; abjure; overlook; refrain from noticing; look away from s.t.; turn a blind eye to(wards) s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>?maamaa eppiTiyoo naTakkaTTum; nii ade viTTuttu poo [viTTuTTu?]</font><br> <font size=+1>Let uncle behave anyway he likes, you just ignore it</font><br> 1) (poruTpaTuttaama viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTukoLLaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> pay no attention to; take no notice of; disregard intentionally<br> <font size=+1>Just ignore him and pay no attention to what he says</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(asaTTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> neglect; slight; pay no attention to<br> <font size=+1>When he came in, he just ignored me as I wasn't there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(miiru)</font> 3 tr <br> overlook; be over and above, exceed; go beyond; ignore, disdain, scorn, scoff at; sneer at<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaiccaru sonnadeyum miiri avan ange poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ignored the advice of the Minister and went there anyway</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ill, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTadaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bad, evil or wicked, as repute, feeling, etc.; be bad or faulty, as manners, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He is a person of ill repute, and you should stay away from him</font><br> 1) (oTambu sari illee) neg only<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTambu keTTu poo)</font> 3b intr + dat <br> be physically unwell or sick<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>enakku oTambu keTTuppoocci (sariyillee)</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm feeling physically ill.</font><br> 1) (oTambu sohamille) neg only<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keTudalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be harmful, adverse or unfavorable, as fortune, luck, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He ran into some ill luck, and couldn't seem to escape it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nooyuru)</font> 1t <br> be unwell or sick<br> <font size=+1>She has been ill for some time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ill-fated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeTTukku iTTu poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> destined to lead to misfortune, as a course of action, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It was an ill-fated action, but he couldn't have avoided it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toradirshTam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be unlucky; be accursed, as a venture, a plan, a voyage, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It was an ill-fated plan of his to go to New York on September 11</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ill-favored, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avalaTcaNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be ugly or unshapely<br> <font size=+1>He was an ill-favored child, born with physical deformities, but he overcame them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be offensive or unpleasant, as a statement, a comment, etc.; be disgusting or ugly, as the appearance of a person, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That was an ill-favored remark, and I'm going to ignore it</font><br> 1) (gooramaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ill-gotten, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTa vaziyle seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> acquire or get through improper or evil means; obtain dishonestly, by cheating, theft, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu keTTa vaziyile seetta sottu</font><br> <font size=+1>This is ill-gotten wealth.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ill-humored, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTukaTuppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be cross, sullen or surly<br> <font size=+1>He's an ill-humored person, so try to avoid him</font><br> 1) (aattramaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ill-mannered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu tanamaa naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> behave crudely; be coarse or unpolished; be jungly<br> <font size=+1>He's very ill-mannered and rude</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moraTTuttanamaa naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> behave rudely; be impolite or uncivil<br> <font size=+1>When he's had too much to drink, he behaves in an ill-mannered way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ill-natured, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siTusiTuTaNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be bad-tempered, sulky, crusty or sour; be a sour-puss, a grouch; sulk; be petulant or morose; mope, brood, be sullen, have a long face, be in a bad mood, be in a huff, be grumpy, be moody;<br> <font size=+1>She's an ill-natured grouch, so try to avoid her</font><br> 1) (erinji vizu) 2 intr<br> 2) (ciTuciTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ill-treat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaa naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat unkindly or badly; abuse, act cruelly towards; mistreat, maltreat, ill-use, misuse; manhandle, handle roughly, molest; harm, injure, damage<br> <font size=+1>He ill-treated her and abused her all their married life</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (koTume seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) (kuTumeyaa naTattu) 3 tr<br> 3) (kuTumeppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illegal, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTa viroodamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be against the law; be not legal, unlawful<br> <font size=+1>That kind of business is illegal, and you can get into trouble</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(morekeeTaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be unauthorized; go against the rules<br> <font size=+1>He engaged in illegal activities</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illegal, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTa viroodamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> prohibit; forbid; ban; make s.t. against the law;<br> <font size=+1>Finally last year the government made the sale of that substance illegal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illegible</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivillaama iru)</font> 7i <br> be unclean; be difficult to read<br> <font size=+1>His handwriting is illegible, so get him to print</font><br> 1) (paTikkamuTiyaada maadiri iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illegible, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kirukkalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of handwriting) be scratchy; be a mere scrawl; be like chicken scratches<br> <font size=+1>They found some old documents, but they were illegible</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illegitimate, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTa viroodamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be illegal or unlawful, as an activity, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That is an illegitimte activity, and needs to be banned</font><br> 1) (morekeeTaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(morekeeTaa pera)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) be born out of wedlock<br> <font size=+1>It's just been revealed that the Prince of Monaco is the father of an illegitimate child</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illicit, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozukkam tavaru)</font> 3i <br> be immoral; be against custom, convention or practice<br> <font size=+1>In Singapore, even mild kinds of illicit activity are dealt with harshly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLLattanamaanadaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be secret; be unlawful, as a trade, etc.; be against conventions, as a relationship, etc.<br> <font size=+1>There's an illicit trade in drugs that goes on in that region</font><br> 1) (vidimorekki maaraa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illiterate, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattukkuTTiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a learner, novice, or beginner; show a lack of knowledge or skill, as in a particular field<br> ( ) ; <br> <font size=+1>avar kaNakle meede; aanaa avar siiTTu veLeyaaTle kaattukkuTTiyaa irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a genius in mathematics; but when it comes to games of cards, he's illiterate</font><br> 1) (tarkuriyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTikka teriyaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unable to read and write<br> <font size=+1>She was illiterate when she came to this country, but now she's learned a lot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illuminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(boodi)</font> 6b tr + dat <br> teach (spiritual truth, a mantra, etc.); give (spiritual or esoteric knowledge) to<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda guru-daan enakku boodiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>That's the guru who brought me spiritual knowledge and illuminated me.</font><br> 1) (veLakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> clarify; elucidate; explain; make lucid<br> <font size=+1>He's very good at illuminating things that are hard to understand</font><br> 1) (teLivu-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiccamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> light up; give light to; supply with light; make bright<br> <font size=+1>After the introduction of gas lighting, many cities were illuminated at night for the first time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make clear or lucid; explain; elucidate<br> <font size=+1>Thank you for illuminating that subject for me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(prahaasamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make radiant or bright; animate or brighten<br> <br> <font size=+1>aanandam avan mohatte prahaasamaakkinadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Joy illuminated his face.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(njaanam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give spiritual wisdom or gnana<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar onakku njaanaam kuTuppaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He will be the one to illuminate you.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (vizippaTeya seyyi ~(nb tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(arivu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give knowledge or mental light<br> <font size=+1>He illuminated the subject matter expertly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakkungaLaale alangari)</font> 6 tr <br> decorate with lights, as for a festival, etc.; festoon<br> <font size=+1>If you go to Mysore during Dipavali, the palace will be illuminated with bright lights</font><br> 1) (varNa veLakkunga pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiccam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give light; supply with light; light up<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru eNNe veLakku-daan anda kuTisekki veLiccam kuTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Only an oil-lamp illuminated the hut.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(ubadeesam paNNu)</font> 3 tr, tr + dat <br> give instruction (in esoteric or spiritual subjects) to; teach (an esoteric or spiritual truth)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar enakku ubadeesam paNNaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He illuminated me.</font><br> 1) (ubadeesi) 6b tr + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(oLimayamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> light up; cause s.t. to be bright with light; irradiate; shine light on<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda teruveLakkellaam anda pahudi muzusaa oLi mayamaakkicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The street lamps illuminated the whole area.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illuminated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiccamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be well-lit or illumined, as a room, a building, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The streets are well-illuminated and clean</font><br> 1) (prahaasamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(njaanoodayam eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr 3pn + dat <br> be spiritually enlightened or awakened<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku njaanoodayam eerpaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He received spiritual enlightenment and was illuminated.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illustrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTangaLaale alangari)</font> 6b tr <br> decorate or ornament (a book, a magazine, etc.) with pictures<br> <font size=+1>The book was illustrated by a famous artist</font><br> 1) (paTangaLaale teLiv-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTangaLaale veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> explain or clarify with pictures or diagrams<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda ariviyal kooTpaaTTe paTangaLaale veLakkinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She illustrated the scientific theory with pictures and diagrams.</font><br> 1) (teLivu-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (paTangaLaale nerappu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oppumengaLaale teLivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> clarify or explain s.t. with comparisons<br> <font size=+1>He illustrated the differences between the two theories by comparing and contrasting their strong and weak points</font><br> 1) (teLivaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(udaaraNangaLaale teLivaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> clarify or explain s.t. with examples<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar anda samuuha pracneye udaaraNangaLaale teLivaakkinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He illustrated the social problem with examples.</font><br> 1) (veLakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> exemplify; serve as an example of, indicate, demonstrate, or show<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa parisu ava daaraaLa goNatte eTuttukkaaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her gift illustrates her generous nature.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>illustrious, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(prabalamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become well-known or famous<br> <font size=+1>He was an illustrious author of the past century</font><br> 1) (periya aaLaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peereTu)</font> 6 intr <br> earn a name for o.s.; become famous or distinguished<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava niccayamaa peereTuppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She will certainly become illustrious.</font><br> 1) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imaginative, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karpane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> imagine; conceptualize; form a mental image or concept of; picture to o.s.; visualize, envisage, envision, picture, see in the mind's eye; dream up, think up/of, conceive<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla kavide ezuda vevveeru vishayangaLe karpane senjipaakaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to be imaginative about various things in order to write a good poem</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imagine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karpane paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> visualize; conjure up in the mind; figure; work out<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTattule naTikkara maadiri karpane paNNi paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Imagine that you are acting in a movie.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karpane paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> picture in the mind; conceive<br> <font size=+1>Imagine if you can, a world without war</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(yuuhi)</font> 6b tr <br> guess; conjecture<br> <font size=+1>I imagine that what happened to him was that he took a wrong turn</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNi koo @(shb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take into o's head; think or suppose wrongly, mistakenly or without proof<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii nallaa ezuduradaa eNNikkare</font><br> <font size=+1>You imagine that you write well, but you are mistaken</font><br> 1) (karpane paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (neneccikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nene)</font> 6b tr <br> think; suppose, believe<br> <font size=+1>I imagine that he'll be arriving on the night train.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imbed (cf. embed)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imbibe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> consume (liquids) by drinking; drink (esp. liquor)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Those people imbibed a wicked mixture of poisons and chemicals, and almost all died</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> drink (liquids); eat (solids)<br> <font size=+1>Having imbibed too freely, he keeled over and passed out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(krahiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take into the mind and hold, as knowledge, principles, etc.; absorb (liquid or moisture)<br> <font size=+1>The Bolshevist propaganda that you imbibed in your youth has now been discredited</font><br> 1) (vaangikkoo ~(sh tr)~) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drink (liquor); booze; drink, quaff, swallow, consume; (inf.) swig, knock back, down<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avan pooTuvaan (kuTippaan)</font><br> <font size=+1>He imbibes.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (urinjikkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) (kuTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(urinjiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> absorb or soak up (moisture or liquid)<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNal paangaana nelam taNNiye siikkiramaa urinjiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Sandy soil will imbibe water quickly.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (grahiccikkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) (vaTinjupoo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imbitter (cf. embitter)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imbue (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> implant s.t. in the mind of s.o.; implant s.t. into s.o.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava ammaa ava manasile (ava kiTTe) samattva uNarcciye padiyaveccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Her mother imbued her with a sense of equality.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> feed s.t. into s.o. or s.o.'s mind; instill s.t. into s.o. or s.o.'s mind; give (knowledge, values, etc.) to s.o.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>niinga onga kozandenga manasile (kozandengaLukku) poruppuNarcciye uuTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must imbue your children with a sense of responsibility.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imbued with, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerenjavaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of persons) be filled with; be charged with<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru viyaabari naaNayam nerenjavaraa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>A businessman should be imbued with honesty.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTavaraaka iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be endowed with; be provided or filled with<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan veruppu koNTavanaa irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was imbued with hatred.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappi aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> copy or ape; follow in imitation; follow slavishly<br> <br> <font size=+1>siina eLenjarunga meelnaaTTu elenjarungaLe kaappi aTikkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Chinese youth imitate the styles of young people in the west.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(imiTeeT paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> follow, as a model, pattern, etc.; make a copy or reproduction of; mimic in fun or ridicule; simulate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to imitate the Europeans when it comes to energy conservation</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (mimik seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (imiTeeT seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poola naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> copy or ape; follow the example of; behave like s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>siiTan guruve poola naTakkaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>The disciple imitates the guru.</font><br> 1) (kaappi aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pinpaTru)</font> 3 tr <br> follow; take as o's model, pattern or example and try to follow<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avanooTa abimaana naTihar baaNiye pinpaTraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He imitates his favorite actor's style.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappi paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a copy of; make a close reproduction of (a painting, a sculpture, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan moonaa liisaave kaappi paNNiyirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has made an exact copy of the Mona Lisa.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paattu appaTiyee tiiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> paint a copy of, as an oil painting, a water-color, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He had imitated the style of Carvaggio and reproduced an exact copy of one of his works</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(paattu appaTiyee sedukku)</font> 3 tr <br> sculpt a copy of, as a sculpture<br> <font size=+1>He faithfully imitated a copy of Rodin's "Thinker"</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr ~poola~ + AVP <br> mimic; copy in fun or riducule, as the mannerisms, behavior, gait, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudireye poola kanecci kaaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Imitate a horse's neigh.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(mimik paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> mimic; copy in fun or ridicule; mock the sound of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda peeccaaLarooTa peecce mimik paNNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He imitated the speaker's manner of speaking.</font><br> 1) (kaappi aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(poola tooNu)</font> 3c tr <br> look like; simulate; have the appearance of<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu vairam poola tooNa kaNNaaTi</font><br> <font size=+1>This is glass that imitates the look of diamonds.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(paattu naTa)</font> 7 tr <br> copy or ape; follow the example of; follow the pattern or model that one sees<br> <br> <font size=+1>toNTan talevare paattu naTakkaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>The volunteer imitates the leader.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immaterial, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aavi ruubamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be in the form of the spirit<br> <font size=+1>This is not a flesh-and-blood being, it's an immaterial one</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mukkiyamillaadiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unimportant; be of no consequence; be inadmissible or inappropriate in a court of law<br> ( ) ( )<br> <font size=+1>idu mukkiyamille</font><br> <font size=+1>This is immaterial.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aruubamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be formless or incorporeal<br> <font size=+1>When you discuss religion, you often have to discuss immaterial things</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immerse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amizttivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.t. to lay underwater; keep s.t. sunk<br> <font size=+1>If it gets too hot, immerse it in water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muukku)</font> 3 tr <br> press s.t. under water; dip, as o's hand in water<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda bommeye toTTi taNNiyile mukkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He immersed the doll in the water-tank.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muuzkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.t. to sink; cause s.t. to go underwater<br> <font size=+1>In automobile manufacture, they immerse the whole frame in protective coating</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(amukku)</font> 3 tr <br> press down; press in, as a vessel, etc. under water<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava taNNi koTete aattle amukkinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She immersed her water-pot in the river.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(amizttu)</font> 3 tr <br> sink s.t.; press in, as s.t. into water; drown<br> <font size=+1>In order to hide from the enemy, she immersed her child in the river</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immerse o.s. in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aazttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> involve o.s. deeply in; throw o.s. into<br> <font size=+1>I got deeply immersed in his project, and lost track of my own</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immerse oneself in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bodeccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> bury o.s. in (books); throw o.s. into (work, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>He immersed himself in reading and study.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immersed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be involved in; be absorbed or engrossed in<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava samuuha seeveyile iiTupaTTirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's has immersed herself in social service.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aazndu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be deeply absorbed or engrossed in; be sunk or drowned<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tukkattle aazndu poonan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was immersed in grief.</font><br> 1) (aazu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muuzhu)</font> 3 intr <br> be sunk or drowned; be involved or absorbed in<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava veeleyle muuzhinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was immersed in her work.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immigrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vandu kuTiyeeru)</font> 3 intr <br> come to a new country and settle; enter a foreign country and settle; come as a settler<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avanga parTTishanukku-appram indiyaavukku vandu kuTiyeerinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They immigrated to India after partition.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immobilize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) b </B> <font size=+1>(stambikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> petrify; make s.o. immobile<br> <font size=+1>Her grief immobilized her for a long while</font><br> 1) (nahartta muTiyaadapaTi paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(asekka muTiyaadabaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> fix (a limb, etc.) in order to prevent movements; prevent the movement of<br> <font size=+1>They doctors immobilized her neck during the operation</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (aseye muTiyaada-baTi seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(nahara muTiyaadabaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> make immobile; keep in place; prevent from moving about<br> <font size=+1>We need to immobilize the population during the raid</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immoderate, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aLavu miiru)</font> 3 tr <br> be excessive, as eating, etc.; be extravagant, as expenditure, etc.; be, go beyond reasonable limits<br> <font size=+1>He was given to immoderate expenditures</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(elle miiru)</font> 3 tr <br> be or go beyond reasonable limits; be extreme, as grief, etc.; be excessive, as desire, etc.; be extravagant, as spending, drinking, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii kuTikkradu elle miirudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Your drinking is immoderate.</font><br> 1) (maTTu miiru) 3 tr<br> 2) (maTTu miiru) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immodest, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTukkuttanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people, behavior, etc.) be impudent, forward or cheeky<br> <font size=+1>Her dress was often immodest, and it shocked the conservatives</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTkam keTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of conduct, speech, behavior, etc.) be shameless, indecorous or indecent<br> <br> <font size=+1>vekkam keTTa naTatte</font><br> <font size=+1>immodest conduct is not to be recommended</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immolate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> 1 tr <br> sacrifice o.s. to a cause; commit suicide or take o's own life for a cause.<br> <font size=+1>More people have immolated themselves for the cause of Tamil than for any other language in India.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immortalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aziyaada pokaze kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> endow with deathless fame; give immortal fame to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar kadenga avarukku aziyaada pohaze kuTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His stories have immortalized him.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (aziyaad-irukka seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saahaadirukka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make s.o. deathless or immortal; bestow everlastng fame upon s.o. or s.t.<br> <font size=+1>He was immortalized by his creative work</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nelepera seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> perpetuate; make everlasting<br> b <br> <font size=+1>Kambar immortalized Sadayappar in his Ramayanam.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immunize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTuppu uusi pooTu)</font> 4 intr + dat <br> give an injection that immunizes s.o. against (a particular disease)<br> ( ) ( ) j <br> <font size=+1>inda graamattule ellaarukkum taTTamme (amme)(tasevireppu) janni taTuppu uusi pooTTaanga.</font><br> <font size=+1>They injected everyone in this village against measles (smallpox) (tetanus).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>immure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sovarungaLaale aTeccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> enclose s.o. or s.t. within walls<br> <font size=+1>In olden times, particularly vicious criminals were immured in prison cells, with no outlet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> shut in; confine; keep s.o. in confinement; quarantine<br> <font size=+1>If they impose a quarantine, you'll end up immured in here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impact</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moodu)</font> 3 tr <br> dash; crash against<br> <font size=+1>The car that hit me impacted the front end very seriously</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> have an effect on; affect seriously or negatively.<br> <font size=+1>Drug abuse has impacted every aspect of life in the inner cities of most industrialized countries.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(moodikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> collide; collide with; crash; crash against<br> <font size=+1>When the airplane crashed, it+ impacted the whole side of the building</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impair</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> diminish; lessen; make less<br> <font size=+1>His hearing was impaired by the accident, and won't get any better</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(palahiinappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> weaken; make weak; debilitate<br> <font size=+1>His health has been impaired</font><br> 1) (paadi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make worse; cause to become worse<br> <font size=+1>London transport movement has been severely impaired by the explosions</font><br> 1) (keTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> destroy; damage; cause to dwindle, as value, excellence, purity, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Air quality has been impaired by unbridled pollution</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impale</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) b </B> <font size=+1>(stambikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> petrify; immobilize; make helpless<br> b <br> <font size=+1>Her glance absolutely impaled him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kazuvule eettu)</font> 3 tr <br> fix s.o. upon a stake; punish s.o. by fixing on a stake<br> <font size=+1>In the old days, when somebody was killed, they impaled their heads on a stake as an example for others</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ubadeesam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> transmit (an esoteric secret, a spiritual truth, etc.) as a guru or master<br> <font size=+1>The guru attended sessions where he imparted spiritual knowledge to his followers</font><br> 1) (kattu kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(solli kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> teach; transmit, as a secret knowledge, etc.; instruct, as a teacher or master<br> <font size=+1>According to legend, the god Murugan imparted to the sage Agastya the knowledge of the rules of Tamil grammar.</font><br> 1) (taa) 2c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aruL)</font> 3 tr <br> give, tell or transmit graciously (knowledge, wisdom, spiritual secret, etc.) as a guru or master<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda guru enakku njanatte aruLinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The guru imparted wisdom (gnana) to me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> tell, as a secret, a fact, news, etc.; relate or communicate<br> <font size=+1>The landlord imparted to him the fact that he was going to be evicted.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give, as knowledge, news, widsom, etc.; grant, as a share or portion of s.t.; produce, as an emotion, a feeling or sense<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu enakku varuttatte kuTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It imparted (a feeling of) sorrow to me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impartial, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaayamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fair, just or unprejudiced<br> <font size=+1>The judge attempted to be impartial, but admitted it was difficult</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTunileyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unbiased or just; be non- aligned<br> <font size=+1>Switzerland has always tried to be impartial and neutral in international affairs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impassion</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaveesappaTa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> inflame or excite; cause to be vehement, emotional or passionate<br> <font size=+1>Martin Luther King was able to impassion his followers with zeal</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaveesam uuTTu)</font> 3 trr <br> fill with passion or strong emotion; cause to be inflamed, vehement or fiery<br> <br> <font size=+1>His speech impassioned us.</font><br> 1) (aaveesappaTa vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impassioned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaveesamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of speech) be filled with passion, vehemence or fury<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peeccu aaveesamaa irundadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>His speech was impassioned.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aavesappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of people) be passionate, fiery or furious<br> <font size=+1>To be a good leader, you have to be impassioned with a sense of justice</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impassive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nidaanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be calm, poised or unmoved<br> <font size=+1>Throughout all the turmoil, he remained impassive</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paadikka paTaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unaffected, as by suffering, etc.; be unmoved or unflinching<br> <font size=+1>I tried to convince him, but he remained impassive to my words</font><br> 1) (uNarcciyillaama iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(salanamillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unruffled; be unperturbed; (of face) be without emotion, or showing no emotion<br> <br> <font size=+1>salanamillaada moham</font><br> <font size=+1>an impassive face</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impatient, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be restless or impatient; be in a flurry or agitation; be nervous, anxious; be dying to do s.t.; quiver with excitement or agitation<br> <br> <font size=+1>badile solla ava tuTikkraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's impatient to say the answer.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aattirappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel a sense of annoyance or irritation; be very eager<br> ( )?<br> <font size=+1>saappaTTukku een ippiTi aattrappaTre (avasarappaTre)?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you so impatient for dinner?</font><br> 1) (avasarappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(padaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be overhasty or precipitate; be uneasy or restless<br> <font size=+1>Don't be so impatient with this--you need to think clearly before you act</font><br> 1) (tuTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be very eager or anxious, as for s.t. or as to do s.t.; be trembling with anticipation<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe paakka tuTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was impatient to see her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impeach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandeehi)</font> 6b tr <br> doubt or suspect, as s.o.'s honor, loyalty, etc.; call in question or find fault with, as s.o.'s motive, integrity, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan on neermeye sandeehikkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I impeach (suspect) your integrity.</font><br> 1) (sandeehappaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam saaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make an accusation against s.o.; accuse or charge s.o. of a crime or for doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan lanjam vaangiyadaa kuttam saaTTraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are impeaching him on charges of bribery.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impede</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> check; stop; block<br> <font size=+1>We need to do something to impede his political progress</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> delay; slow; retard, as progress, movement, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The construction on that road has impeded traffic for months now</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (taTangal seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangal paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> obstruct; hinder; block; interrupt<br> <font size=+1>You must not attempt to impede the investigation</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (taTe seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impeded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTepaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be checked, hindered or interrupted<br> <font size=+1>The inquiry was impeded by the fact that the chief witness died</font><br> 1) (taTangalaahu) 3b intr<br> 2) (taamadappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nirpandappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> constrain; compel or force<br> <font size=+1>I was impelled to testify by my sense of duty</font><br> 1) (kaTTaaya-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(undavayyi)</font> 6 tr <br> urge or drive s.o. forward; drive s.o. to action<br> <font size=+1>His avarice impelled him to commit crimes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> incite; push s.o. forward<br> <font size=+1>Their incendiary rhetoric impelled the mob to attack the holy site</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impending, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungikkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be approaching close; be near or close at hand; be about to happen, as a disaster, a storm, a test, an examination, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The decision in the case is impending, so please be patient</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTakka poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be about to happen; be forthcoming, as an encounter, an election, an examination, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTakka poona vibariidam</font><br> <font size=+1>an impending disaster</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imperil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aabattukku uLLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> endanger; put into danger or peril<br> <font size=+1>He was charged with imperilling the life of his child</font><br> 1) (abaayattukku uLLaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> spoil, ruin or endanger<br> <br> <font size=+1>on tappaana manappookku on edirkaalatte keTuttuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Your incorrect attitude will imperil your future.</font><br> 1) (keTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impersonate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTiccu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr + acc + ~poola~ <br> make an imitation, as of s.o.; assume the character, as of s.o. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nepooliyane poola naTiccikkaaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He impersonated Napoleon.</font><br> 1) (uruvahappaTuttu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaL maaraaTTam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do an impersonation for fraud; do a culpable impersonation; be an imposter<br> <font size=+1>He impersonated a police officer and then stole the car</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naTi)</font> 6b intr <br> act (the part of), as in a film or play; represent of embody, as on the stage or in the movies<br> <font size=+1>In that movie, he impersonated the part of Robin Hood</font><br> 1) (uruvahappaTuttu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paavane paNNu)</font> 3 tr + acc + ~poola~ <br> pretend to be s.o. else, as for fraud; give an imitation of s.o. for fun<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru adihaariye poola baavane paNNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He impersonated an officer.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impertinent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTukkuttanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fresh, rude, saucy, flippant, or presumptuous, as a person, a speech, manner, etc.<br> <font size=+1>That was an impertinent response, and should be stricken from the records</font><br> (piracangkittanamaaka i}\rt{) prasangi tanamaa ir<br> 2) (pooruttamillaadiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impinge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> strike, hit or dash against<br> <font size=+1>These actions impinge directly on the rights of society</font><br> 1) (vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 4 intr (+ NP + ~il~ <br> touch; fall on<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru veTi saddm en kaadile paTTadu (paTTicci)</font><br> <font size=+1>The sound of an explosion impinged on my ears.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paadi)</font> 6b tr <br> affect; have an effect or make an impression upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>on suyanalam on kaariyam ovvoNNeyum paadikkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>Your selfishness impinges upon every activity of yours.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>implant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6 tr <br> infix; plant in, as knowledge, a principle, in the mind of s.o.<br> <font size=+1>We need to implant in their young minds the principles of fairness and justice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> fix or set deeply, as ideas, principles, etc. in the mind of s.o.; instil; inculcate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide on manasile padiya vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Implant this into your mind.</font><br> 1) (pohaTTu) 3 intr<br> 2) (puhuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>implanted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fixed, set or instilled<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naastiiham avan manasile (avan kiTTe) aazamaa padinjirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Atheism was deeply implanted in his mind (in him).</font><br> 1) (padi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>implement</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seyalpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put a plan into action, initiate, activate; see that s.t. gets carried out<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizaka aracu ippa pala nalla tiTTangaLe seyalpaTuttivarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Tamilnadu Govt. is implementing a number of good projects</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(amulpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put into effect, as a law, a rule, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The constitutional provision for replacing English with Hindi was implemented in 1965, with disastrous results</font><br> 1) (nereveettu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seyalpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> execute, administer, carry out<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham eppaTiyum pasumep puraTcit tiTTatte seyalpaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>this year, somehow or other, we have to implement the green revolution scheme</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>implicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTi kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> indicate; imply; point out by implication, inference, etc.; bring into the picture or reference<br> <font size=+1>When you mention that fact, other factors are also implicated</font><br> 1) (paadikka seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sambandappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> connect s.o. with s.t.; indicate that s.o. else is also to blame; involve s.o. in s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avane inda koleyile sambanda-paTuttaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't implicate him in this murder!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> involve s.o. in s.t.; show or indicate that s.o. else is also involved<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vaakkumuulam aaru peere anda kuttattile maaTTa veccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His statement implicated six persons in the crime.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>implore</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> beseech; entreat; request; pray<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He implored the judge to release his son</font><br> 1) (kenju) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manraaTi keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> entreat; beseech; solicit, as for permission, grant, pardon, etc.<br> ( ) .<br> <font size=+1>?no spoken?</font><br> <font size=+1>I implored your teacher to forgive (pardon) you.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kenji keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> ask in a begging way; entreat; crave<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>enakku odaviseyyumbaTi avaLe (avakiTTe) kenjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I implored her to help me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imply</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTi kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> indicate; suggest an an inference; hint at<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan peeccu avan tiiviravaadiyanganade suTTikkaaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The way he speaks implies (that he is) a thinker.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saattiyappaaTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to be possible or likely; give room to the possibility or likelihood of<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Refusal to answer a question in a court of law implies guilt.</font><br> 1) (avasiyam-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> suggest; make a reference to; hint at; indicate<br> <br> <font size=+1>?avan kaNNiiru tukkatte kurikkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>\His tears imply grief.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oNattu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause s.o. to feel, understand or perceive<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Her smile implies her pleasure.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(avasiyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> necessitate; cause to be necessary<br> <br> <font size=+1>???????</font><br> <font size=+1>Rights imply duties.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> signify; mean; convey, import<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tandiyilirukkira seydi ede kurikkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>What does the message in the telegram imply?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>import</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erakkumadi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> bring in (goods) from abroad for sale, consumption, etc.<br> <font size=+1>For a long time it was hard to import things into India, but now this has changed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>important, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(prabalamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (of persons) be prominent; become distinguished, powerful or influential<br> <font size=+1>He is an important person in the White House, but is not an elected official</font><br> 1) (selvaakkaa iru) 7 intr<br> 2) (prabalamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mukkiyamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (of things) become or importance, significance or consequence<br> <font size=+1>It was important that the bombers were born in Britain, not abroad</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mukkiyamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of things) be of importance; be of significance or consequence<br> <font size=+1>The fact that the BJP has won the election is of great importance.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>importune</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 6b tr <br> ask or beg repeatedly, persistently or vexingly<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam veeNum NNu keeTTu avan enne arikkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He importunes me constantly.</font><br> 1) (viTaame kenji keeLu) 5b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ooyaama kenji keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> beg or solicit repeatedly or persistently<br> <font size=+1>If you go down that street, you'll be importuned constantly by beggars and black marketeers</font><br> 1) (viTaame keeLu) 5b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukku)</font> 3 tr <br> urge or solicit persistently; demand with urgency or persistence; press (for return of money as a creditor does)<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNatte tiruppi tara solli avan enne nerukkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He importuned me to repay the loan.</font><br> 1) (viTaa piTiyaa keeLu) 5b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> set or lay on, as a tax, an excise duty, a responsibility, an obligation or burden<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa en meele (enkiTTe) nereya poruppungaLe somattiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>My father has imposed lots of responsibilities on me.</font><br> 1) (eettukkoLLa seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> press or force; force the acceptance of, as a martial rule, a tax, a responsibility, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaNuva aaciye tiNikkiradu sulabamillee</font><br> <font size=+1>It is not easy to impose martial law.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vidi)</font> 6b intr <br> put or lay on, as a tax, a punishment, a fine, a penalty, an excise duty, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>poheyile meele pudu vari vidi</font><br> <font size=+1>impose a new tax on tobacco.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> intrude, force, thrust or introduce, as o's views, etc. on s.o. else; butt in; stick o's nose into the affairs of others<br> <br> <font size=+1>on karutte mattavangameele tiNikkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't impose your idea (ideas) upon other people.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vidi)</font> 6b tr <br> exact as a punishment or penalty; levy, as taxes; place, as a command or injunction<br> <br> <font size=+1>??aNu minneleyangaLe meele taTe vidikkappaTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>A clampdown must be imposed on nuclear power plants.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impose on, upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a burden to s.o. as an intruder, a relative, a guest, etc.; be a burden to s.o., as by taking unfair advantage of s.o.'s good name, hospitality, etc.<br> ; ; <br> <font size=+1>ippo raatri padinoNNu maNidaaNNaalum parava-ille; naan keLambareen; naan ongaLukku baaramaa irukka virumballe</font><br> <font size=+1>It doesn't matter even if it's 11:00 at night; I've got to be going; I don't want to impose on you (be a burden to you).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyle kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> saddle s.o. with s.t.; foist s.t. on s.o.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ippo periya daakTarungakuuTa nereya marundungaLe nooyaaLinga taleyle kaTraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays even good physicians impose lots of medications on their patients.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (ubayooha-paTutti-koo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make use of (s.o.'s influence, kindness, friendship, goodness, etc.) to o.'s own benefit<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en selvaakke payanpaTuttikiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He imposed upon my good name.</font><br> 1) (tolleyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tondaravaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (apology:) be a bother to s.o., as an intruder, etc. or as by taking unfair advantage<br> ...<br> <font size=+1>naan ongalukku tondaravaa irukka virumballe...</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't want to impose on you (I don't want to be a bother to you).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impotent, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become physically weak or helpless; lose bodily strength<br> <font size=+1>King Farouk became weak and impotent after they stripped him of his powers</font><br> 1) (saktiyillaama iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNmeyillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of a male) be lacking in sexual power; be unable to perform a sexual act<br> <font size=+1>Nowadays if men become impotent, there are drugs they can take for sexual disfunction</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(parimodal seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> take or seize officially or legally, as a contraband article, an automobile, a document for evidence, etc.<br> <font size=+1>After the explosion, they impounded an abandoned car</font><br> 1) (parimodal paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (paunTle aTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> shut up or confine, as in a pound, enclosure, etc.; keep s.o. in official custody<br> <font size=+1>They impounded all his records and locked him up too</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTiyle aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> put (an animal) in a pound<br> <font size=+1>Our dog was impounded by the dogcatcher</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impoverish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nalivaTeya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make s.o. poor; cripple, as the economy of a country, etc.; weaken, as an industry, a section of people, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The currency crisis has impoverished a number of Southeast Asian economies.</font><br> 1) (eezeyaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taram koreya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> exhaust or deplete the quality, as of life, earth, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We are impoverishing the earth by doing nothing to stop global warming</font><br> 1) (palam koreya seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLam koreya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> exhaust or deplete the richness, as of soil, life, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The soil has become impoverished because of overuse</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impoverished, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eezeyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (of persons) become poor or reduced to poverty<br> <font size=+1>Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, they were doing all right, but now they're impoverished</font><br> 1) (varaNTuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varaNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of resources) become depleted; (of life) become flat, dull and humdrum; lose richness<br> <font size=+1>The area around the Aral Sea has become impoverished because of diversion of the water</font><br> 1) ~( b )~ (noTinji poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nalinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of people) become poor; be reduced to poverty; (of trade, industry, economy, etc.) become crippled or shattered<br> <font size=+1>In many African countries, people have become impoverished because of the mismanagement of the economy, and by corruption</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imprecation(s), make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sabi)</font> 6b tr <br> curse s.o., s.t., imprecate; hex; make voodoo; accurse, put the evil eye on, execrate, anathematize, damn, excommunicate; (inf.) put a jinx on, jinx. <br> <br> <font size=+1>anda sanyaasi avane sabiccar</font><br> <font size=+1>The ascetic made imprecations on him (laid curses on him)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impregnate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttarikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> impregnate (of people)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe karuttarikka senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He impregnated her.</font><br> 1) (karppam tarikka seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seneppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> (of animals) get with young, sire<br> <font size=+1>They brought their bull over to impregnate our cow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impregnated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerambu)</font> 3 intr <br> be filled or suffused<br> <br> <font size=+1>arttam nerembiya sinnam</font><br> <font size=+1>a symbol impregnated with meaning</font><br> 1) (nere) 2b ]intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaru)</font> 2 tr <br> attract, interest; make an impression on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan keeTTa keeLvikki avan sonna badil enne kavandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>the replies he gave to my questions impressed me very much</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izu @(r tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> allure; attract, bewitch<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava teremeyaale ellaareyum izuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>she impressed everyone with her ability</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(njaabahattle padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> fix s.t. deeply on the memory; make s.t. stick in the mind or memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga enna senjaalum ide en njaabahatle padya vekka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever you do, you can't impress it on my memory.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6b tr <br> imprint; stamp; make or produce (a mark, figure, symbol, pattern, etc.) on (into) s.t.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>arakle (mezuhile) muddraye padi</font><br> <font size=+1>impress a seal on (into) wax.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(manasule padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> fix s.t. deeply on the mind; make a deep impression on s.o.; make s.o. remember s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar inda vishayatte en manasile padiya veccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He impressed the fact on my mind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(arivuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make known or clear, as the importance of s.t. to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He impressed on me the importance of work.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeyaaLam iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make or produce a mark, as on wax, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>sengalle suTuvadakku munnaale, adule aTeyaaLam iTa marakkaade.</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't forget to impress the mark (symbol) on the brick before firing it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(nalla eNNam eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> produce a good or favorable impression, as on the mind of s.o.<br> <font size=+1>?konja nimishattukku pinnaale, avaru engakiTTe nalla eNNam eerpaTuttunaar</font><br> <font size=+1>After just a few minutes of conversation, we were impressed with him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(paadi)</font> 2b tr <br> affect, as the mind, feelings, emotions, etc.; influence, as o's opinions, convictions, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa peeccu en oNarccihaLe paadiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His speech made an impression on my feelings.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impress upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNa(r)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to feel; teach;<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaandiyooTa perumeye vaadyaaru engaLukku oNarttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our teacher impressed upon us the greatness of Gandhi</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impressed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehe)</font> 6b intr <br> be astonished, be surprised, amazed, be taken aback<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naaTTuppura naTanatte paattu naan neccamaa romba tehaccuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was really impressed by the performance of this folk dance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impressed, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 2b intr <br> be imprinted, as a mark, etc. in s.t.; be fixed deeply on the mind or memory, as a fact, a piece of knowledge, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava (avaLooTa) vaarttenga en manasile padinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her words were impressed on my mind.</font><br> 1) (padinj-iTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imprint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(njaabahattle padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> fix s.t. deeply in the memory<br> <font size=+1>The whole experience is imprinted on my mind</font><br> 1) (manattule padiya vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6b tr <br> impress; stamp; make (a mark, symbol, pattern, etc.) on, into s.t.<br> <font size=+1>The older documents are imprinted with a seal</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(arivuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make known or clear, as the importance of s.t. to s.o.<br> <font size=+1>He imprinted on me the significance of the event by quoting poetry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imprinted, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be impressed, as a mark, etc. in s.t.; be fixed on the mind or memory, as a fact, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar sonnadellaam en manasile padinjiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everything he said is indelibly imprinted on my mind.</font><br> 1) (padi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>imprison</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sereppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> take s.o. captive; put into prison or jail<br> <font size=+1>They captured Saddam Husein and imprisoned him, where he awaits trial</font><br> 1)j (jeyille vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sereyle vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> keep s.o. in prison or jail<br> <font size=+1>Some of those captives have been imprisoned in Guantamamo for 3 years or more</font><br> 1)j (jeyille pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sereyle aTe) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> shut up or confine s.o., s.t., as in a room, a house, a jail, etc.; restrict or limit s.o., s.t. in any way; hold s.o., s.t. in restraint<br> <font size=+1>The terrorists captured him, imprisoned him, and then let him go</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>improve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> uplift; edify<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezengaLooTa vaazkkeye meembaTuttradudaan en oree kurikkooL</font><br> <font size=+1>My only aim is to try to improve the lives of the poor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meempaTu)</font> 4 i <br> surpass; be great; become superior<br> g <br> <font size=+1>enga vaazkkettaram meempaTaradukkaaha en appaa kaTumeyaa ozeccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father worked hard to improve our standard of living.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLattu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring up s.o. to a better status, etc.; make s.t. better in quality, etc.; make s.o. or s.t. to develop or progress<br> <font size=+1>We groomed him to move up in the company, and he has improved himself tremendously</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sarappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make better, ameliorate; repair, fix up<br> <br> <font size=+1>cenneyile irukkra puttunooy nelayatte innum serappaanadaa aakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>the existing cancer treatment center at Chennai has to be improved</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> enhance, ameliorate, better, upgrade<br> <br> <font size=+1>uurule eri kareye veLLam varradakku munnaalee meembaTuttunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>before the floods came, the town fathers improved the river levees</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paNpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make (land) better; prepare (land) and make more suitable for cultivation; reform or better, as s.o.'s qualities, behavior, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They've improved the land by introducing crop rotation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(sarappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make better, ameliorate; increase the value of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa aayvu neriyaaLaru romba seratte eTuttukiTTu ennooTa kaTTureye serappaakkunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>my research superviser took a great interest in my work and helped me improve the article I was researching</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(teeru)</font> 3 intr <br> (of people or health) get better; recover<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan teerikkiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>His health is improving.</font><br> 1) (munneeru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> better, as o's abilities, skills, etc.; make o.s. better<br> <font size=+1>I've been improving my French, so that I can go to France soon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> edit or revise, as a manuscript, etc.; make (land) better in quality; mend or reform s.o.<br> <font size=+1>He took the manuscript and proofread it, and his efforts improved it a lot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(siirtiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> amend or reform; make (land or real property) better<br> <font size=+1>The Government really ought to develop a scheme to improve the land here</font><br> 1) (meembaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of people, things, etc.) become better in quality, condition, etc.<br> <font size=+1>His Tamil has improved a lot since he came here a year ago</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>improve on, upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meelum serappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. still better, as by additions, revisions, alterations, etc.<br> <font size=+1>It's good, but it could still be improved upon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ? </B> <font size=+1>(?oNNum nallaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do s.t. still better; make s.t. even better<br> <font size=+1>Fix this?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>improved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munneeru)</font> 3 intr <br> progress; advance; become better or be evolved; ameliorate<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTu munneerinaa makkaLooTa vaazke taramum munneerum</font><br> <font size=+1>The quality of people's lives will be improved if the nation progresses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>improvise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?? ??</B> <font size=+1>(??erpaaTu illaamal kavitai vaaci ??)</font> 6? <br> write or compose verse offhand or on the spur of the moment<br> <font size=+1>In North India, at least, poets seem to be able to improvise poetry on the spot, especially in response to slokas or verses sung out by others</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?? </B> <font size=+1>(??tukkup poruttamaakap paNNu)</font> 3 tr? <br> (of an actor or speaker) make up and deliver (a few lines or speech) suitable to the occasion; extemporize; make an extemporaneous speech<br> <font size=+1>I wasn't prepared with a speech, but I improvised some remarks, and people were happy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(erpaaTu illaama tayaar seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make or get (food, meal, etc.) ready on the spur of the moment, or for an emergency; make or put together in haste, as a cot, a bandage, a stretcher, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We weren't prepared for guests, but we improvised something and fed them and they were happy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(munneerpaaTu illaama peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak offhand; lecture extemporaneously<br> <font size=+1>Those DMK guys are able to improvise speeches right on the spot, and speak for hours</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(keTeppade vaccukkiTTu tayaari)</font> 6b tr <br> make, fix, put or throw together (a screen, a hut, a table, a raft, etc.) with what is available<br> <font size=+1>After the tsunami, people just improvised places to live, using whatever flotsam and jetsam was at hand</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impugn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappuNNu savaal viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> challenge s.t. as false or untrue; dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of (a statement or motive); call into question:<br> <font size=+1>Are you trying to impugn my statements?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> attack or assail (a motive, a statement, a claim, etc.) by arguments, criticism or words; dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of (a statement or motive); call into question: dispute , query , take<br> <font size=+1>I hardly had finished speaking when he began to impugn everything I said</font><br> 1) (vemarsi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impulsive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNarcci vasappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of persons) be swayed by emotions; be likely to act on impulse; (of a statement, a remark, an act, etc.) be produced by a sudden impulse<br> <font size=+1>He's very impulsive, so he tends to say things he shouldn't, and then regret it</font><br> 1) (avasarappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impure, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maasupaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> become polluted, as air, water, etc.; become dusty, dirty or unclean<br> <font size=+1>The air quality has declined steadily in recent years, and now is very impure and polluted</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kareppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become stained, grimey or dirty; (of hands) become tainted with graft and corruption<br> <font size=+1>The whole process has become corrupt and impure, and needs to be cleaned up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>impute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> lay (a charge, a crime, or a fault) on s.o.; charge s.o. with (a crime, a fault or a blame)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avan meele moosaTi kuttam somattinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She imputed a crime of fraud to him.</font><br> 1) (kuttam somattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kore sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> put the blame on s.o., s.t. for s.t.; blame s.t. on s.t., s.o. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru patrikke velavaasi eettattukku paNa viikkatte kore solludu</font><br> <font size=+1>A certain magazine imputes the price rise to inflation.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karpi)</font> 6b tr <br> think of or imagine (an ulterior motive or reason) and charge s.o., s.t. with it<br> j <br> <font size=+1>en arasiyal ediringa en raajinaamaavukku uL nookkam karppikkiraanga aNNaar avar</font><br> <font size=+1>He said that his political enemies imputed an ulterior motive to his resignation.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam saaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> accuse s.o.; charge that; bring out a charge against s.o.<br> <font size=+1>That's no reason to impute false motives to him!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inaccurate, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of things) be not correct, exact or true<br> <font size=+1>That claim is simply inaccurate, and I will show you why</font><br> 1) (pezeyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of things) be wrong, erroneous or inexact<br> <font size=+1>He gave an inaccurate account of what he had done</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inactivate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eyangaama senjuTu @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make inactive, as a committee, etc.; make inoperative, as a machine, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The printer was spewing out copy after copy, so we had to inactivate it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seyalpaTaama senjuTu @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause (an agency, a cell, a group, etc.) to become inactive; cause (a machine, etc.) to stop functioning<br> <font size=+1>Some of those sleeper cells have been inactivated since they were last investigated</font><br> 1) (kale) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make inactive or dissolve, as a governmental agency, a group, a gang, a union, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The present government has simply inactivated the environmental protection provisions of the law</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inactive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amulle illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be not in force, as a rule, a law, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The provision was made in active by the attorney general</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mandamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be dull, sluggish or indolent<br> <font size=+1>He's not very active; in fact I'd say he's inactive</font><br> 1)j (jaTamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of persons) be passive; (of an agency, a committee, a club, etc.) be idle; be not functioning; (of machines, etc.) be inoperative<br> <font size=+1>There's an organization that was formed to deal with that, but it's been kind of inactive lately.</font><br> 1) (surusuruppaa illaame iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkattule illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be not in use or practice, as a custom, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The practice of sattee is now inactive in India, but it used to be common</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inadequate (for), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poodaadu)</font> irreg, 3 pn + dat <br> be insufficient; be not enough, as food, skill, qualifications, etc.; be unable to fill the bill<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paNam en selavukku poodaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The money is inadequate for my expenses.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teevekki koreccalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of things, skills, etc.) be less than what is necessary or required<br> <font size=+1>His knowledge and training are simply inadequate for the job</font><br> 1) (pattaadu) irreg. idiom.<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inappropriate, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(laayakkille)</font> neg only <br> (of persons and things) be unsuitable, unfit or improper; be inapt<br> <font size=+1>He's inappropriate for the job; get rid of him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyille)</font> neg only <br> (of persons and things) be improper, unsuitable or unfit<br> <br> <font size=+1>sarittra naavalukku inda naTe sariyille</font><br> <font size=+1>This style is inappropriate for a historical novel.</font><br> 1) (poruttam ille) neg only<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inaugurate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> begin; initiate; conduct inaugural ceremonies; send off<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLekki enga uurule mandri oru pudu paLLikkuuTatte toTangi vekkiraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Tomorrow the Minister will inaugurate a new school in our town.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(terandu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> open (an exhibition, a public building, etc.) with formal ceremony<br> <font size=+1>Every four years, a new president is inaugurated in our country</font><br> 1) (aarambicci vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (terappuvizaa seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> commence formally; initiate ceremoniously; begin or start, as a new era, etc.<br> <font size=+1>This action turns over a new leaf, and should inaguruate a new approach to this problem</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ama(r)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> install or appoint s.o. in an office or position<br> <font size=+1>The new president of the university was inaugurated last night</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inauspicious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(abasahunamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be ill-omened; be of bad omen<br> <font size=+1>I learned that it was considered inauspicious by some people to travel north on a Friday!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incapacitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyattavaLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make (a female) incapable or unfit; deprive (a female) of capacity<br> <font size=+1>She was incapacitated by the accident, and can't have children</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudi ezukka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> deprive s.o., s.t. of capacity; disqualify s.o., s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??no spoken usage?</font><br> <font size=+1>The illness has completely incapacitated him.</font><br> 1) (muTiyaadabaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyattavanaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make (a male) incapable or unfit; deprive (a male) of capacity<br> <font size=+1>He suffered a war injury, and is now incapacitated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyattadaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. unfit; deprive s.t. of capacity or ability<br> <font size=+1>The engine has now been incapacitated, due to the use of the wrong kind of fuel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incarcerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jeyille pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put in jail; put in prison; lock s.o. up<br> <font size=+1>Martha Stewart was incarcerated for six months for securities fraud</font><br> 1) (kaavalle vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sereyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put s.o. into prison or jail; imprison<br> <font size=+1>Saddam Husain has been incarcerated at an unknown location</font><br> 1)j (jeyille pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incarnate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avadaaramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of a person) be an embodiment of a quality; be an incarnation, as of a god<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar krishnanooTa avadaaramaa irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He incarnates Lord Krishna (He's an incarnation of Lord Krishna).</font><br> 1) ~(w dj.)~ (uruvam kuTu ~(with adj.)~) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvamaa iru)</font> 7i <br> (of a person) be an embodiment, as of a quality<br> <br> <font size=+1>no spoken exe?</font><br> <font size=+1>He was the incarnation of wisdom.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incense</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(senamuuTTu)</font> 3 trr <br> inflame s.o. with wrath; make s.o. very angry or enraged<br> <br> <font size=+1>?avanooTu vimarisanam enakku senamuuTTinadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His criticism incensed me.</font><br> 1) (kooba-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aattirappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> enrage; make very angry; anger or provoke<br> <font size=+1>He incensed the crowd by referring to Islam as a decadent religion</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incensed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aattiramaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be enraged; be inflamed with wrath; be angry or wrathful<br> <font size=+1>Muslims around the world have been incensed by reports of the desecration of the Kuran by the US military</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aattirappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be enraged, provoked or inflamed with anger<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avan naTatteye paattu koobappaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was incensed at (by) his behavior.</font><br> 1) (kooba-paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (senamaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(konjam konjamaa nahar)</font> 2 intr <br> move by small degrees; move along slowly<br> <font size=+1>They hae to inch their way through the tunnel to reach the injured people</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(angulamaa naharttu)</font> 3 tr <br> move s.t. by inches<br> <font size=+1>Let's try to inch the heavy box off the truck very slowly</font><br> 1) (konjam konjamaa naharttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meeuvaa munneeru)</font> 3 intr <br> move forward slowly; go ahead by small degrees or at a slow pace<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda nerisalaana kuuTTattle nozenji avan meduvaa munneerinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He inched his way through the thick crowd.</font><br> 1) (mella munneeru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incinerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcu saambalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> burn to ashes; destroy or reduce to ashes by burning<br> <font size=+1>They ransacked the library and incinerated the books they didn't like</font><br> 1) (eri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> burn up; destroy by burning up; cremate (the body)<br> <font size=+1>His body was incinerated in a mass grave along with others at Srebrenica</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tahanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cremate (the body)<br> <font size=+1>In India, they cremate the bodies of the dead</font><br> 1) (basmam-aakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (eri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saambalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> reduce or burn to ashes<br> <font size=+1>The atomic blast at Hiroshima incinerated large portions of the city</font><br> 1) (saambal-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sedukku)</font> 3 tr <br> carve, as a statue; engrave or make an incision, as a mark, a figure, letters, etc.<br> <font size=+1>His name was carved on the commemorative wall along with others</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiriTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make a cut or incision into, as an abscess, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The surgeon incised the wound and removed the tumor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut; make a cut into s.t.; cut (letters, symbols, marks, etc.) upon s.t.; carve, as a statue, etc.<br> <font size=+1>This tombstone's inscription was incised by a famous sculptor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> stir up, (as a flame, emotions, etc.); stimulate, foment (rebellion etc.)<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda koleye seyya unne yaar tuuNTinaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who incited you to commit the murder?</font><br> 1) (siiNTiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> impel; cause a decision to be made; urge, press, exhort, force, oblige, constrain, necessitate, require, demand, make, apply pressure to, pressure, spur, prod, goad, incite, prompt, persuade, inspire<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>unne kole seyya tuuNTinadu yaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who incited you to commit the murder?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keLariTu)</font> 4 tr <br> stir up or rouse, as resentment, anger, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The desecration of the Kuran incited a lot of anger among Muslims</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> instigate or incite s.o. to violence, etc.; excite or arouse s.o.'s feelings, fury, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Those unscrupulous politicians incited the mob to violently attack the bank employees.</font><br> 1) (siiNTiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incline</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saaya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to bend, bow or lean; nod<br> <font size=+1>I inclined my head slightly toward him, but said nothing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incline to(wards)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mukkiyattuvam kuTu)</font> 6 tr w. dat. <br> give importance or prominence to; favor, be more/most partial to, choose, select, pick, opt for, go for, single out<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vayasule paTippukku mukkiyattuvam kuTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>One should include towards studies at a young age.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incline to/ward</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> prefer, lean to/wards, take to, gravitate towards; have an inclination toward, stick fast<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNan kaasu irukkravanga kiTTe eppaTiyaavadu oTTikkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Kannan inclines towards people who have lots of money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inclose, (cf. enclose)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>include</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLaTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make part of an organization, body or group; embody<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda amaippu naTihar sangatteyum uLLaTakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This organization will include the actor's guild also</font><br> 1) (seettuTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (uLL-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be made up of; incorporate , comprise, encompass, cover, embrace, involve, take in, number, contain; consist of, be composed of; comprehend<br> <br> <font size=+1>bengaLuur uLLiTTa nereya naharanga ellaam padikkappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Many cities, including Bangalore, were affected by the flood</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> attach, join, encroach upon, incorporate, appropriate; bring in<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda manratteyum oru angamaa onga neruvanattule seettukoonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to figure out a way to include this organization/group into your organization</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> adduce, offer, exemplify, cite as proof, example, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>unnooTa aaraaycci kaTTureyile inda mukkiyamaana karutte marakkaame kurippiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>please don't forget to include this important insight in your dissertation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLaTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> be contained in s.t. else; contain as an additional part; have as a part, a factor or an element; be part of a larger whole<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>inda vele ellaa variyum uLLaTikkiyadu (uLLiTTadu)</font><br> <font size=+1>The price includes all taxes.</font><br> 1) (seettuTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (uLL-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>included, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uTpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be covered or embraced by; be including<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda pushtahattle anju kalar paTanga uTpaTa irubadu paTanga irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This book has 20 pictures, including five colored ones.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be contained in; be covered by<br> <br> <font size=+1>en peerum anda paTTiyalle aTangum</font><br> <font size=+1>All expenses are included in the cost.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incognito, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaru veesham pooTTukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be in disguise; assume a disguise<br> <font size=+1>He was traveling incognito, so you wouldn't have recognized him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oLinjukiTTu tiri)</font> 2bi <br> circulate under cover, in disguise, or unrecognized; abscond; stray;<br> <font size=+1>The bombers didn't try to travel incognito, so their pictures appeared on the CCTV</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(anjnjaadavaasam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> live under cover; go away and live under an assumed identity or alias; be in a witness protection program<br> <font size=+1>He'd been living there under another name, incognito, for years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inconvenience</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tolle kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> cause trouble, discomfort or bother; be inconvenient for s.o.; annoy<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan balamaa paTiccaa adu ongaLukku tolle kuTukkumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Will it inconvenience you if I read aloud?</font><br> 1) (asauhariyam eerpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (tolleppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(asauhariyam uNTu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause inconvenience, discomfort or trouble, as to s.o.; vex, annoy<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naan aTutta vaaram paNam tandaa adu onakku asauhariyam uNTupaNNumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>If I give you the money next week, will you be inconvenienced?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incorporate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seerttuk koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> admit, as a member into a corporation, association, group, etc.; include, as new ideas into a plan, etc.; annex, as territory<br> <br> <font size=+1>edir kacciyooTe yoosanengaLeyum naanga inda tiTTatle seettukiTTirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We've incorporated the ideas of the opposition party into this plan.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLaTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> include, as a part or subordinate element; contain, as a part of the whole<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pudu tiTTam pazeya tiTTatte uLLaTakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The new plan incorporates the old one.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTi eNe)</font> 6 tr <br> merge or join together, as into a corporation, a company, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They have incorporated as an energy company, with assets in various countries</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(uruppaa eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take over as a branch or associate of<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ungaLooTa elakkaNa veLakkattule inda pahudiyeyum oru uruppaa eettukkradule ungaLukku taTe eedaavadu irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>do you have any objection to incorporating this part into a section of your grammatical description?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incorporated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be contained or included<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa niruvanamum idile aTangum</font><br> <font size=+1>His firm is also incorporated within this one.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incorrect, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be inaccurate, erroneous or wrong, as a statement, etc.; be improper or inappropriate, as behavior, etc.; be faulty, as language, usage, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru solradu tappaa irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>What he said was incorrect.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pezeyaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be faulty, as in language, usage, etc.; be filled with errors or mistakes, as a speech, a typescript, etc.<br> <font size=+1>His grammar is incorrect, and is really an embarrassment</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>increase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veleyeeru)</font> 3 intr <br> rise; experience sudden popularity, demand; shoot up; skyrocket<br> <br> <font size=+1>arisi inda aaNTu tiTiirNNu veleyeeriyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The price of rice has increased suddenly this year</font><br> 1) (adihamaahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> enlarge; augment; cause to multiply; make bigger<br> <br> <font size=+1>ilavasa taNNiir toTTingaLooTa eNNikkeye kooTTuvadaa mandiri vaakkaLittaaru ?(vaakkaLiccaaru?)</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister promised to increase the number of free water tanks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> be abundant or plentiful; abound; be more<br> <br> <font size=+1>laabam peruhinaa tozilaaLingaLukku oru pangu tarappooroom</font><br> <font size=+1>If profits increase, we are going to give a share to the workers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(perukku)</font> 3 tr <br> step up, amplify<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNavu urpattiye perukkradu nammooTa arasooTa moda kaariyamaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Increasing food production should be the prime motive of our government</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(adihamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> make large, excel, surpass, go up<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona varushatte viTa inda varusham velevaasi romba adihamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>compared to last year the cost of living has increased a lot this year</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: increase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dupe<br> <font size=+1>They've increased the pay of lecturers tremendously since 1965</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>increase</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become abundant, as in wealth, natural resources, amenities, etc.; flourish, as plants, business, industry, etc.; become multiplied by propagation, as rats, flies, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The number of IT companies in Bangalore increases every year</font><br> 1) (adiham-aakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (vaLar) 2 intr<br> 3) (mihudiyaahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(virttiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> prosper, as a business, a firm, etc.; thrive, as a person; grow great, as a family<br> <font size=+1>Their prosperity has increased, and they live like kings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(malinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become or be over-stocked, as commodities, etc.; be overgrown, as weeds, etc.; be rampant, as crime<br> <font size=+1>Crime has increased astronomically, and the streets are not safe</font><br> 1) (peruhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veleyeeru)</font> 3 intr <br> rise; experience sudden popularity, demand; shoot up; skyrocket<br> <br> <font size=+1>arisi inda aaNTu tiTiirNNu veleyeeriyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The price of rice has increased suddenly this year</font><br> 1) (adihamaahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incriminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> involve s.o. in an accusation; implicate s.o.<br> <font size=+1>With the promise of a plea bargain, he incriminated his boss in the crimes</font><br> 1) (kuttam somattu) 3 tr<br> 2) (maaTTa vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incubate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe kaa)</font> 6a intr <br> sit on (eggs) for hatching, as a hen; brood<br> <font size=+1>In the case of emperor penguins, it's the male birds that incubate the eggs</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(yoosi)</font> 6bt <br> think or brood; hatch (up), cook up; plan; hatch up, as a plot, a course of action, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enna yoosane yoocikkriinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>What ideas are you incubating right now?</font><br> 1) (tiTTamiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inculcate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> instill (an idea, a principle, a fact, etc. ) in s.o.; impress s.t. upon s.o.; implant s.t. in s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en pasangakiTTe paNattooTa madippe padiya vecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to inculcate the value of money in my sons.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inculpate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> involve s.o. in a crime; implicate or incriminate s.o.<br> <font size=+1>Someone placed the pistol in your room in order to inculpate you.</font><br> 1) (kuttam somattu) 3 tr<br> 2) (sikka vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>incur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varavazaccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> acquire or bring upon o.s., as dislike, enmity, danger, an unpleasant consequence, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You incurred his anger because you are constantly contradicting him!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sambaadiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> acquire, as debts; bring upon o.s., as s.o.'s hatred, dislike, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avanooTe adrupttiye sambaadiccikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've incurred his displeasure.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaLaahu)</font> 3b intr + NP + dat <br> be or become liable, as s.o.'s hatred, etc.; be subject, as to danger, debts, expenditure, etc.<br> ? [?] <br> <font size=+1>?nii ippaTiyee naTandukiTTu poonaa [?] aaLaavee</font><br> <font size=+1>If you go on behaving in this way, you'll incur liabilities</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>indicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make explicit; suggest; imply; show, tell<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNii aLave on samayal kurippule marakkaama kurippiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>You must without fail indicate the amount of water (required) in your recipe</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTikkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> point out; stand as a symbol for; represent<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar en tappuhaLe suTTikkaaTTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher indicated what my mistakes were</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> point at or to, show, mean<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda uuru irukkra eTatte paTattule suTTu paakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Please indicate the exact location of that place on the map</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>indict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam saaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> accuse formally; make a criminal charge against; charge with a crime or fault, incriminate<br> <font size=+1>He was indicted by the district attorney as complicit in the crime</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> accuse, arraign in court<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNappanmeele een kuttam somattunaanga appaTiNNu teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know why they indicted Kannappan for this offence</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>indifferent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTaa veruppaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be uninterested, unenthusiastic or cold; lack enthusiasm, interest, or fervor for s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda yoosane avane uraakappaTuttuuNu naan nenecceen. aanaa avan veeNTaa veruppaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I thought the idea would turn him on, but he was just indifferent</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>indignant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aattirappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be enraged, furious or wrathful<br> <font size=+1>He was indignant that I should dare to point out his shortcomings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koobappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be angry or enraged; be aggrieved, resentful, affronted, disgruntled, displeased, cross, annoyed, offended, exasperated, irritated, piqued, nettled, in high dudgeon, chagrined; (inf.) be peeved, ve<br> <font size=+1>He thinks he can do no wrong, so he was indignant at being the object of suspicion.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>indisposed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asaukkiyamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unwell; be ill<br> <font size=+1>He is indisposed today, and can't receive visitors</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>individualize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tani tovappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make distinctive; be distinctive of; mark as different from others; mark out<br> <font size=+1>If you want to individualize your room somewhat, you can provide your own furnishings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tani tanme kuTu)</font> 6 trr <br> give a distinctive character, as to s.o. or s.t.; make s.t. stand out distinctly from others; make unique<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His social awareness individualizes his writings.</font><br> 1) (tani taniyaa kuripp-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>indoctrinate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(in{\d d}aakTrineeT paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> put, instill, or drill into s.o.'s mind, as political ideology, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The political prisoners were indoctrinated daily with lessons in Marxism.</font><br> 1) (upadeesi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poodi)</font> 6b tr <br> teach or instruct in, as principles, beliefs, etc. of a sect, a creed, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The radical Islamists are indoctrinating Muslims living abroad in their despicable tactics and philosophy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>induce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause; produce; bring about<br> <font size=+1>If the baby doesn't come on time, we'll have to induce labor.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> prompt; convince; actuate; urge or influence, as to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi maTattanamaana kaariyatte seyya onne edu tuuNTinadu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever induced you to do such a foolish thing?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> produce; bring about; cause<br> <br> <font size=+1>balamaana saappaaTu tuukkatte uNTaakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>A heavy meal will induce sleep.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi @(nb)@)</font> 1 tr + inf <br> actuate, influence, persuade or lead s.o. to do s.t.<br> 1) (samadikka vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (vayyi) 6b tr + inf<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ottukka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to consent or agree, as to do s.t., some action, etc.; persuade, convince<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku kaTan tara avane ottukka vekka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you induce him to give me a loan?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>induct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take in or admit s.o. as a member, participant, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga enne avanga(LooTa) niruvanattle seettikiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They inducted me into their organization (firm).</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (seettukkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(raanuvattukku eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> conscript s.o. into the army<br> <font size=+1>He was inducted into the armed services in 1943 and served 2 years</font><br> 1) (raanuva seevekki eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>indulge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poona pookkule poohaviTu)</font> 4 tr + poss <br> allow s.o. to follow a whim, a wild idea, whatever o. feels like doing<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane avan (avanooTa) pookkule poohaviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Let him indulge himself once in a while.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sellam kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be lax, permissive, or indulgent, as towards o's children; humor or pamper, as o's children or pets<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nii on poNNukku nereya sellam kuTukkree!</font><br> <font size=+1>You indulge your daughter too much!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 7 intr <br> give way or yield, as to o's or s.o. else's desires, wishes, etc.; pamper, as o's children; be indulgent; give way to whims, fancy<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasekki eTam kuTukkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't indulge your desires (Don't yield to desire).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(manam poona pookkule poo)</font> 3b intr <br> follow every fancy of o's mind; proceed in such as way as to yield to every bent or inclination of o's mind; give free rein to whims or fancy<br> <br> <font size=+1>manam poona pookkule poohaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't indulge yourself (Don't keep indulging every whim and fancy)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>industrialize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tozil mayamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make industrial; introduce industries on a large scale, as into an area, a state, a country, etc.<br> <font size=+1>After the American Civil War, the north industrialized rapidly, but the south remained agricultural.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tozil mayamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become industrial; undergo industrialization<br> <font size=+1>They industrialized later than the west, so they're still catching up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inebriate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poonadu koLLa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> excite; exhilarate or intoxicate, mentally or emotionally<br> <font size=+1>?????</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veri koLLa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> intoxicate mentally or emotionally; excite or exhilarate<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inebriated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poode koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be drunk; be intoxicated mentally or emotionally<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veri koo)</font> 1i <br> be exhilirated or intoxicated mentally or emotionally<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> 1) (boodeyle iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inexpensive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vele korevaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be low in price; be not costly<br> <font size=+1>The cost of living in rural areas is usually inexpensive, compared to cities</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(malivaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be cheap; be low in price<br> <font size=+1>Apartments there are relatively inexpensive</font><br> 1) (vele koreccalaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infatuate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(verikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause s.o. to be intoxicated, as with love or passion; cause s.o. to be doting or blindly in love<br> <font size=+1>Her charms infatuated him, and he couldn't think straight</font><br> 1) (mayakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (mooham koLLa vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infatuate (with), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mooha veriyle iru)</font> 7 intr +NP+~miitu~ <br> be blindly in love with; be possessed of a blind passion for<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan appa ava meele mooha veriyle irundeen.</font><br> <font size=+1>I was infatuated with her at that time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infatuated (with), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mooham koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr +noun/pron <br> dote on; have a blind passion for; be blindly in love with; be ga-ga over<br> <br> <font size=+1>?ava avan meele mooham koNTirukkraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's infatuated with him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of a disease) spread over to; (of habits, beliefs, moods, etc.) spread or cleave to<br> <br> <font size=+1>on manappookku enakku oTTikkiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Your attitude (has) infected me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tottukku uLLaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of s.o., a cut, a wound, etc.) become septic with infection<br> <font size=+1>The wound has become infected, and needs medical attention</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(totta vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.o. to have a disease by communicating virus, bacteria, etc.; spread o's disease to s.o. else; communicate o's mood, feelings, etc. to s.o. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avan(ooTa) aarvatte engaLukku totta veccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He infected us with his enthusiasm.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(totti koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> (of a disease) invade, as a person; (of moods, beliefs, laughter, etc.) spread, communicate or cleave to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava sirippu engaLe tottikkiTTuTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>Her laughter has infected us.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tottukku uLLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> contaminate (s.o., a cut, a wound, etc.) with bacteria, virus, etc.; cause s.o. or s.t. to become infected<br> <font size=+1>He infected other people by sharing contaminated needles</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anumaani)</font> 6b tr <br> suppose; conjecture; cf. also calculate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda keeLviyooTa veTe keTekkradukkaaha niinga anumaaniccadu enna?</font><br> <font size=+1>What did you infer in order to arrive at the answer to this question?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirmaani)</font> 6b tr <br> conclude, judge or determine, as from evidence, a clue, etc.; determine by reasoning<br> <font size=+1>The jury inferred from what he said that he had in fact been complicit in the crime</font><br> 1) (yuuhi) 6b tr<br> 2) (anumaani) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inferior, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(korenjavan ille)</font> 7 intr <br> yield to no one; be second to none (in a subject); be below<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe sneeydan arivule yaarukkum korenjavan ille</font><br> <font size=+1>my friend is nobody's inferior when it comes to what he knows</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of commodities) be less good in quality; be not good in standard; (of speech, writing, etc.) be substandard; lack excellence or quality<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan(ooTa) modal naavale viTa idu maTTam(aa) irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This novel is inferior to his first one.</font><br> 1) (taaz neleyle iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infernal, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(narahamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of life or existence) be like hell; be intolerable or unbearable<br> <font size=+1>They led an infernal existence in Stalingrad during the war</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(bayangramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be terrible or fiendish, as a plot, a tool or machine; be terrible or bad, as heat, noise, etc.<br> ?/<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The heat was infernal, and the noise was intolerable</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infested (with), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTamaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of snakes, mice, etc. and of robbers, highwaymen, etc.) haunt or roam in large numbers<br> <font size=+1>That area is infested with thieves and thugs.</font><br> 1) (nere) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerambu)</font> 3 intr <br> be filled or overrun with, as disease, animals, insects, etc.<br> b <br> <font size=+1>paambunga nerambiya graamam</font><br> <font size=+1>a snake-infested village</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be afflicted or overrun with, as lice or disease<br> <br> <font size=+1>nooy piTicca uuru</font><br> <font size=+1>a disease-infested place</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infiltrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTuruvu)</font> 3 tr <br> pierce; penetrate into; surreptitiously and gradually enter or gain access to; enter deep inside through devious channels<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiivaravaadam makkaL-TTe uuTuruvi irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Terrorism has infiltrated the masses.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTuruva seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to permeate or penetrate<br> <font size=+1>We need to infiltrate their terrorist cells and find out what they're planning</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTuruvi noze)</font> 2b tr <br> enter, pass into or penetrate into s.t.; surreptitiously and gradually enter or gain access to<br> <font size=+1>He managed to infiltrate the sleeper cell and foil the plot</font><br> 1) (uuTuruvu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTikaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> filter, as liquid; pervade, penetrate, filter through, percolate through, seep into/through, soak into.<br> <font size=+1>Water infiltrated the roof and made a mess on the floor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTuruvip paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of ideas) spread by infiltration; (of liquid) permeate<br> <font size=+1>Their pernicious ideas have infiltrated even into the middle classes</font><br> 1) (uuTuruva paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infix</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> impress, as a fact in the mind or memory; implant, as an idea, a principle, etc. in s.o.'s mind<br> <font size=+1>I tried to infix the idea in their brains so they wouldn't forget</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6b tr <br> inlay, as a gem in an ornament, etc.; fix s.t. by inserting; implant, as an idea, etc. into s.o.'s mind<br> <font size=+1>The jewels are infixed into the bracelet using a special fixative</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inflame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNarcci uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> animate; excite; flush; arouse, agitate<br> , <br> <font size=+1>unga vaartte avanukku oNarcci uuTTi, koobattule moham sevakka senjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>Your words inflamed him and made him flush with anger</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keLaru)</font> 3 tr <br> kindle or arouse (anger, rage, indignation or irritation); incite, excite; stir up, work up, whip up, agitate, fire, ignite, kindle, foment, impassion, provoke, stimulate, actuate.<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avanooTe koobatte keLaraade (keLappaade)</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't inflame his anger.</font><br> 1) (tuuNTi viTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (keLari viTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (tuuNTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(azaTci uNTu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause inflammation<br> <font size=+1>The rash inflamed large areas of his arms and legs</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of the body or a part of the body) be hot or feverish<br> <font size=+1>The area is inflamed, and we need to provide relief</font><br> 1) (viingu) 3 intr<br> 2) (azaTciyaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> kindle or excite (passions, violence, desires, etc.); arouse s.o. to a high degree of feeling or passion; incite s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peeccu avangaLe tuuNTinadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His speech inflamed them all.</font><br> 1) (eri) 6b tr<br> 2) (pattiyeri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kodikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause s.o. to boil with rage or indignation; raise (the blood or a part of the body) to intense heat; incite, arouse, provoke, stir up, whip up, kindle, ignite, touch off, foment, inspire, stimulat<br> <font size=+1>This play inflames feelings of hate and intolerance, and should be banned</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inflamed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seva)</font> 7 intr <br> (of eyes) redden; be red, as with inflammation or with anger; (of face) be red, as with rage<br> <font size=+1>His eyes are inflamed from being in the smoky room</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inflate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uppu)</font> 3 intr <br> swell; be puffed up<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aavi kuuNTule paridiyam uudinaa adu nallaa uppi kaattule parakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you blow helium into that balloon, it will inflate and rise into the air</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattaTi)</font> 6 tr <br> fill air (into a bicycle or rickshaw tire) by a hand-pump<br> <font size=+1>We inflated the tires every time we took the bike out, just in case</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eera seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause (prices) to rise intentionally or excessively<br> <font size=+1>That move by the central bank inflated prices almost immediately</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause (an automobile tire) to be filled with air (at a filling-station) by means of an air pump.<br> <font size=+1>We stopped at the gas tation and inflated the tires before our trip</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(uuru)</font> 3 tr <br> fill (an inflatable pillow or balloon) with air blown with the mouth<br> <font size=+1>You can inflate this balloon by yourself--just blow into it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(accaTiccu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> print up (paper currency) excessively; print money wildly in order to cause inflation<br> <font size=+1>In Germany in the early 1920's, they caused the economy to inflate wildly by printing money indiscriminately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inflated, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puuriccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of people) be puffed up or elated with satisfaction, complacency or pride<br> <font size=+1>His pride is inflated and he's walking around all puffed up, because he thinks he won the election fairly and squarely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeri poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be raised too high, as prices or value of real-estate, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Real estate values are inflated now, and we'll soon see the bubble burst</font><br> 1) (peruttu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaravaaramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of language) be bombastic, exuberant, or pompous<br> <font size=+1>His language is bombastic and his expressions are inflated, but he manages to arouse the people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inflect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eetti erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause (voice) to rise and fall appropriately; modulate (voice)<br> <font size=+1>He's very good and modulating and inflecting his voice, for dramatic effect</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uLpakkamaa vaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> bend or curve inwards<br> <font size=+1>His fingers should be straight, but they're inflected inwards because of the arthritis</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inflict (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vidi)</font> 6b tr <br> impose (a punishment or a penalty) on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda niidibadi avanukku aayuL taNTane vidiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge inflicted a life sentence on him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> force (an unwelcome idea, point of view, etc.) on s.o.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>on karutte en meele tiNikkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't inflict your idea(s) on me.</font><br> 1) (aLLi viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give (a blow, a slap, a kick, a whipping) on a part of the body<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan en muduhule (muduhu meele) savukkaTi kuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He inflicted lashes on my back.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> impose or force (s.t. unwelcome or unwanted) on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattram kazuvura veeleye ava enkiTTe somattiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's inflicted the job of washing the dishes on me.</font><br> 1) (uNTu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause (pain, blows, wounds, damage, loss, etc., but not defeat)<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vimaana paTe anda naharattule nereya seedatte eerppaTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The air force inflicted heavy damage on the city.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>influence</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadi)</font> 6b tr <br> affect; have an effect on<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>mananile oTambe paadikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The mental state (you're in) influences (the condition of) the body.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) x </B> <font size=+1>(infLuyans paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> exercise influence on; have an effect on; affect; sway<br> <font size=+1>I was able to influence him to choose another career</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vazikki koNTuvaa)</font> 2c tr <br> bring s.o. over, as to o's side, o's way of thinking, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>anda kacci talevareppatti kavale paTaade; avare vazikki koNTuvanduTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't worry about that party leader; we can influence him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> induce; impel or move s.o. to do s.t.; stimulate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>edu onne kavide ezuda tuuNTinadu?</font><br> <font size=+1>What influenced you to write poetry?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring s.o. under o's control by exerting influence; bring s.o. around, as to o's side<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaLe vasa-paTuttuvadu eppaTi?</font><br> <font size=+1>How does one influence people?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(ace)</font> 6b tr <br> sway (s.o.'s decision, determination, course of action); have an effect on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>on muTive yaarum asekka viTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't let anybody influence your decision.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inform</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arivi)</font> 6b tr <br> announce, make known; let s.o. know<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu kampuuTre patti ellaarukkum ariviccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They informed everybody about the new computer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> inform o.s. of s.t.; supply o.s. with knowledge of s.o.; acquire information or knowledge of; find out about s.t.<br> ( ) ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>oru seyarkke kooL eppaTi veele senjaNNu (senjanga) (senjungrade patti) nii terinjukka veeNTaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shouldn't you inform yourself about how satellites work?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tahaval kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> inform against; inform on or upon; give information or squeal on<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tiruTane patti engaLukku tahaval kuTuttadu yaaruNNu ongaLukku naan sollamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm not at liberty to say who it was that informed us about this thief.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(terivi)</font> 6 tr <br> notify; announce; make known; give information to<br> <font size=+1>They informed the world that there was a momentous new discovery</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make known; notify; give information to<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naan (ennaale) vara muTiyaadungrade avanukku naan appavee teriya-paTuttiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've already informed him that I couldn't come (attend).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> tell; give information to s.o.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>on prayaanatte patti nii enkiTTe (enakku) solliyirukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should have informed me about your trip.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infringe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> invade, as upon s.o.'s rights; interfere, as with s.o.'s affairs<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda saTTam peNNurimeyile taleyiTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This law infringes upon women's rights.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infringe (upon)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> engage in, meddle with; take (s.t.) over; usurp<br> <font size=+1>This infringes on the rights of others, and you have no right to do that</font><br> 1) (aakkrami) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(miiru)</font> 3 tr <br> break, as a law or a rule; violate, as a copyright, an act of law, etc.; commit a breach of, as an oath, a contract, etc.<br> <font size=+1>His legal rights were being infringed by the publication of a copycat work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infuriate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siittam koLLa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make furious; cause to be enraged<br> <font size=+1>It infuriated him that I won the race</font><br> 1) (muurkkam aTeya seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> 2) (veripiTikka seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>infuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> pour, as a liquid into a vessel; allow to flow, as medicine into patient's limbs<br> <font size=+1>Saline solution should be infused into the patient's veins</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uurikkala)</font> 7 intr <br> become infused; commingle<br> <font size=+1>Her work is infused with a mixture of anger and hope</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> introduce as by feeding; instil, as enthusiasm, eagerness, courage, etc. into s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His speech infused the people with enthusiasm .</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(uura vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> soak; let s.t. lie soaked in liquid; cover s.t. with boiling liquid and allow to remain<br> <font size=+1>They extracted the flavor from the tea by infusing the tea leaves in very hot liquid</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ingrain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTiyaveyyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to sink deeply; cause to be fixed; firmly fix or establish (a habit, belief, or attitude) in a person. <br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa en cinnavayasulerunde paTi paTiNNu solli paTippileeyee enna paTiyavecciTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father ingrained in me from a very young age the love of learning.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) X? ?</B> <font size=+1>(manadule ?? vayyi?)</font> 6b tr <br> fix deeply or implant in the mind<br> <font size=+1>It was deeply ingrained in me that we have to work hard to have a good life</font><br> 1) (padi) 6b tr<br> 2) (manasule padiya vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> implant or fix deeply, as in the mind or memory<br> <font size=+1>The paradigms of Latin verbs are deeply ingrained in my mind, and I can still recite them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ingrained, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(?veeruuNi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become deep-rooted; become firmly fixed or established, as habits, ideas, principles, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The habits of a lifetime have become so deeply ingrained, I can't stop if I wanted to</font><br> 1) (veeruuNu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aazamaa padi)</font> 2b intr <br> be or become impressed, imprinted or fixed, as habits, principles, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The principles of that religion are deeply ingrained, and he won't be converting to some other religion any time soon</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inhabit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaasam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of people and animals) live, dwell or reside, as in a place<br> <font size=+1>The animals that inhabit that rain forest are dependent on the plants that grow there</font><br> 1) (kuTi-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vasi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of people) live, dwell or reside, as in a place<br> <font size=+1>The people of the Andamans have inhabited that island since time immemorial</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iruppiTamaa koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> (of people and animals) live or dwell in, as a place<br> <br> <font size=+1>?anda kaalattule avanga koheye iruppiTamaa koNTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In those days, they inhabited the caves.</font><br> 1) (vaasam paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inhale</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLee izu)</font> 7 tr <br> take (a breath) in; draw or drag (smoke) in, as when smoking a cigar, cigarette, or pipe<br> <font size=+1>Clinton famously said that he had smoked marijuana, but didn't inhale</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu izu)</font> 7 intr, tr <br> breathe in; take in a breath<br> !<br> <font size=+1>muuccu izu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Inhale!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uccuvaasi)</font> 6 tr <br> draw in (air) by breathing; breathe in (air)<br> <font size=+1>We breathe by inhaling and exhaling--there's no getting around it!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(urinju)</font> 3 tr <br> snuff up, suck up, imbibe, inhale<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii ade nallaa urinji izu, appadaan pohe nallaa varum</font><br> <font size=+1>you inhale deeply; only then will smoke come out of it</font><br> 1) (urinji izu) 7 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inherit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 2b tr <br> get or receive (property, a title, a quality of mind or body)<br> <font size=+1>He inherited a strong will from his mother</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaarisaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be or become an heir<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>yaaru vaarisu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who inherits? Who's the heir?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inhibit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> prohibit, prevent; stop, impede, put a brake on; hinder, restrain; hold back, hamper, interfere with, obstruct, curb, check, restrict, restrain, constrain, bridle, rein in, balk, frustrate, arrest,<br> <br> <font size=+1>en munneerratte en manaiviyee taTeseyraa</font><br> <font size=+1>My wife is inhibiting my progress!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTuttu niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> check or hold back, as impulses, desires, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You need to inhibit those desires for now, until you're older</font><br> 1) (aTakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> restrain or repress, as desires, impulses, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappaana aasengaLe aTakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should inhibit inappropriate desires.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prevent or check s.o. from doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayam enne peesaviTaame taTukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Fear inhibits me from speaking.</font><br> 1) (aTakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>initial</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(inishiyal paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> sign (a letter, a proposal, etc.) with o's initials as a token of approval<br> <font size=+1>When you buy property now, they ask you to initial the document in dozens of different places</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(inishiyal pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put o's initials, as on a letter, a circular, etc., as a token of having seen it<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan adule inishial pooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He initialled it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(surukkezuttu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> mark or sign with initials only<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa kooppileyum amaiccar tannooTe muzuppeeruleyum kaiyezuttu pooTaame verum surukkezuttu pooTuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of signing his full name, the minister just initials the files</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>initiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarambi)</font> 6b tr <br> start; begin; get going; originate; commence, open, institute, inaugurate, get under way, set in motion, lay the foundations of, lay the first stone of, launch, actuate, instigate, trigger, pionee<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga kalluuriyile oru pudu tiTTam aarambikka poraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>A new scheme is going to be initiated in my college</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(solli kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> impart; teach, as a subject, secrets of a branch of knowledge, etc. to s.o.<br> <font size=+1>He initiated me into the study of linguistics</font><br> 1) (toTangi vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puhuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> start or introduce, as a practice, a custom, a fashion, a course of study, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>no spoken?</font><br> <font size=+1>He's the one who initiated the technology courses.</font><br> 1) (toTangi vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (aarambiccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(arimuhappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> introduce s.t. by first using or doing; start, as a practice, a course of study, etc.; introduce to s.o. some secret knowledge, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>no spoken exe?</font><br> <font size=+1>He initiated us into the mysteries of grammer (He introduced us to the mysteries of grammar).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ubadeesi)</font> 6b tr <br> teach, as spiritual or occult truths; impart, as a secret mantra, doctrine, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en guru enakku inda mandratte ubadeesiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He taught me this mantra (He taught me this mantra and initiated me into its secrets).</font><br> 1) (kattu kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiTcai kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give a religious initiation to s.o.<br> <font size=+1>He was initiated into the Franciscan order and became a monk in 1672</font><br> 1) (ubadeesam paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inject</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uusi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give an injection (of some drug) to s.o.<br> <font size=+1>They're injecting various antibodies into animal subjects</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> introduce (new life or interest) into s.o. or s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>?naama namma kaTcikki pudu uyir uuTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to inject new life into our party.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>injure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puNpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hurt, as o's feelings; make s.o. feel hurt; injure, wound, inflict pain/suffering/trauma on, abuse, maltreat, ill-treat, ill-use, molest, do violence to, damage, do mischief to, deface, defile, imp<br> <font size=+1>You injured hiim, both physically and psychologically, when you did that</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puNpaTuttu)</font> 3a tr <br> hurt or wound, as s.o.'s feelings<br> <font size=+1>You have to be careful not to injure his feelings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keTudi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do harm, wrong or injustice; spoil, hurt or damage, as s.o.'s reputation, name, image, etc.; cf. also wound, cripple, lame, disable; maim, mutilate, deform, mangle, break<br> <font size=+1>You need to look that we don't injure the hospital's reputation</font><br> 1) (sede) 6b tr<br> 2) (keTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(keTudal seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do harm, wrong or injustice<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enakku keTudal paNNiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's injured me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayappaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> wound o.s. or a part of o's body<br> , <br> <font size=+1>neettu veLeyaaTarappa ava kaal muTTiye kaayappaTuttikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She injured her knee-cap while playing yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> wound; cause a wound, a bruise or a flesh injury to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne kattiyaale kutti kaayappaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He injured me by slashing me with a knife.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>injured, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTipaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be physically hurt; receive flesh or bone injuries<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>poona vaarattu vibattle ava aTipaTTadu onakku teriyaadaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't you know she was injured in last week's accident?</font><br> 1) (kaayamaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ink in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meyinaale puurtti seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> complete or finish (a pencilled drawing, etc.) with ink<br> <font size=+1>When cartoonists draw cartoons, they first do it in pencil, then ink it in later</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ink out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meyinaale azi)</font> 6b tr <br> obliterate or smear over (an unwanted figure, word, etc.) with ink<br> <font size=+1>On the back of the drawing, there was another drawing that had been inked out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ink up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mai pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cover or fill with ink, as a printing press roller, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When they get the presses ready, they have to first ink up the roller</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inlay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6b tr <br> imbed or set in, as precious stones, etc.; decorate (an object) by embedding pieces of a different material in its surface.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avankiTTe anda vaLeyalle vairangaLe padikka sonnaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She directed him to inlay diamonds into the bangles.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inoculate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTuppu uusi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give an inoculation, as to s.o.<br> <font size=+1>They're inoculating all the children against polio now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inquire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> ask; ask to be told; try to get information from s.o. by asking<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avan kalyaanattukku poohaada kaaraNatte avan keeTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He inquired into my reason for not attending his marriage.</font><br> 1) (visaari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vinavu)</font> 3 tr <br> question; try to get information by questioning; seek information by questioning; ask<br> 1) (keeLu) 5b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inquire about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(visaari)</font> 6b tr+acc+~pa66i~ <br> ask for information about s.o. or s.t.; seek information by questioning<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vimaanam porappaTra neeratte patti visaarippaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He'll inquire about the time of departure of that plane.</font><br> 1) (venavu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inquire after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b tr+acc+~pa66i~ <br> ask after; ask about the health or welfare of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saukkiyatte patti nii keekkaleyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Didn't you inquire after his health?</font><br> 1) (visaari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inquire for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> ask after; seek or search for; try to learn where s.o. or s.t. is<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu oruttan onne teeTikkiTTu vandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday somebody came inquiring for you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inquire for/about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(visaari)</font> 6b tr +acc+~pa66i~ <br> ask for or about, as goods in a shop, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru naavale patti visaarikka anda kaTekki pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I went to that shop to inquire about a (particular) novel.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inquire into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sindiccu paaru)</font> 6 tr + acc + ~pa66i~ <br> take a look into; examine or consider; think deeply about<br> <br> <font size=+1>naam ippa bayangaravaadam-ngra praanepatti sindicci paakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's inquire into this terrorism question (problem, business).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraayi)</font> 2 tr + acc.+~pa66i~ <br> examine or research into; look into<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>ozukkam-NNaa enna-ngrade patti naama aaraayalaama?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we inquire into (what is meant by) morality?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vicaaraNe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr +acc+~pa66i~ <br> investigate into; look into; seek to learn the facts about, as a crime, an accident, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaar vibatte patti pooliis visaaraNe seyya arambicciTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police have started to inquire into the car accident.</font><br> 1) (visaari) 6b tr<br> 2) (yoocicci paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inscribe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pori)</font> 6 tr <br> (literal only) cut or engrave, as words, designs, characters, etc. into s.t.<br> <font size=+1>Do you know what words are inscribed on the facade of the Supreme Court?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poriccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (figurative only) engrave or imprint, as deeds, achievements, etc. into memory, mind, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar tannooTe peere makkaL manasule poricciTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's inscribed his name into the hearts of the people.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sedukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cut or engrave, as words, sentences, designs, etc. into a slab of stone, a column of marble, a plate of metal, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava namma taleviyooTa ponmozingaLe anda salave kalle sedukkinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She inscribed our leader's (chairwoman's) golden sayings (quotes).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuttiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> press s.t. in, into s.t. else<br> <font size=+1>The workers insert the computer chips into preset places in the frame</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(noze)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to enter; put, place, fit, incorporate, or thrust (s.t.) into s.t.; push or thrust in, as a wedge into a crack, etc.; introduce (a letter, a word, a paragraph, etc.) into written matter; fit, a<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaNiye nallaa nozeccadukkappuramdaan paTatte maaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>(You) should hang the picture only after inserting the nail firmly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTeyle seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> add some lines, text to (a poem, paragraph)<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paaTTule inda reNTu varungaLeyum eTeyle seettukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>these two lines could be inserted in the middle of that poem</font><br> 1) (seeru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> pass or push, as a knife into a crack, a hand into a hole, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kambiye anda saavi dvaaratle viTTu tiruppu</font><br> <font size=+1>Insert this wire into the keyhole and twist.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(soruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> put, place, fit or thrust, as s.t. into s.t. else; stick in; tuck in<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kucciye anda ooTTeyile soruhu</font><br> <font size=+1>Insert this stick into that hole.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(soruhi koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> stick or tuck in, as a flower in o's hair, a dagger in o's waistband<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avan oru roojaa puuve saTTeyile soruhikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He inserted a rose into (the buttonhole of) his shirt.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put, as a letter in an envelop; fit, as a key in a lock; place, as an advertisement in a newspaper<br> <font size=+1>He inserted an ad into the paper, saying his house was for sale</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(eTeyle noze)</font> 6b tr <br> interject, interpose, or interpolate, as a remark, an explanation, etc. while one is speaking<br> j ?<br> <font size=+1>oru jookke eTeyile nozekkaame onnaale peesa muTiyaadaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can't you speak without inserting a joke?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inset</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fix s.t. in, into s.t. else<br> <font size=+1>The bracelets are inset with precious stones</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insinuate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meduvaa puhuttiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> implant slowly or subtly, as an idea, an impression into the mind of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan inda veelekki laayakkillengrade meduvaa avan manasule puhuttiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Insinuate into his mind that he's unfit for this work.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maremohamaa sollu)</font> 3c intr, tr <br> say indirectly; hint or suggest indirectly; imply<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ade tiruTuneeNNu maremohamaa solriyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Are you insinuating that I stole it?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insipid, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sappuNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of drink or food) be bland, tasteless or flat; (of life, character, etc.) be dull, vapid or uninteresting<br> <font size=+1>The French President implied that the food in England was insipid</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(rusiyillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of food or drink) be without taste; be bland or vapid<br> <font size=+1>When people come from South Asia to America, they often find the food insipid and bland</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suvaarasyam illaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of life, films, stories, etc.) be without interest; be vapid, flat or dull<br> <font size=+1>Many Hollywood studios continue to churn out insipid, shallow works. </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudiyaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> declare or assert firmly; hold (an opinion or belief) firmly; swear up and down that s.t. is so<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan solradu saridaan-NNu naan urudiyaa sollreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I insist (declare) that what he says is right.</font><br> 1) (sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> force; order or command forcibly or emphatically; urge earnestly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan angee poohaNumNNu kaTTaayappaTuttaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't insist that he should go there.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(varpuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> order or command forcibly or emphatically; demand or urge earnestly or emphatically<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kuuTTatle avanum kalandukkuveeNNu varppurut(ta)raan</font><br> <font size=+1>He insists that he be allowed to participate in this meeting.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ~(X)~ </B> <font size=+1>(@(X)@-NNu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> say; declare or assert with force or confidence<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kuttavaaLi illeeNNu solreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I insist (declare) that he is not guilty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insist on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varpuruttu)</font> 3 tr + acc + ~pa66i~ <br> emphasize; refer to s.t. emphatically<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii eppavum een taratteppatti varppurutturee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you always insist on quality?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insolent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naakku niiLu)</font> 1 tr + dat <br> speak abusively or rudely<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>onakku enna aaccu? romba naakku niiLudu?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's the matter with you? Why are you so insolent?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inspect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paarveyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> view or look over formally or officially, as a parade of troops, a factory, a flooded area, etc.; review<br> <font size=+1>The Queen always inspects the troops when she visits another country</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNkaaNi)</font> 6b tr <br> oversee; watch over; superintend<br> <font size=+1>He's the one who inspects the food to make sure it is safe</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (meer paarve seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(soodi)</font> 6b tr <br> examine, scrutinize or check carefully, as the details of an arrangement, the parts of a machine, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Nowadays they inspect airplanes very carefully, because of the terrorist threat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(inspekT paNNu @(N tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make an inspection; view carefully or closely, as the details of s.t.; examine, as accounts, records, etc.; look over, as a school, an organization, etc. in a formal, official manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>disTrikT e{\d d}yukeeshan aafisar namma skuuL inspekT paNradukku naaLekki varuvaaru.</font><br> <font size=+1>The District Education officer will come to inspect our school tomorrow.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inspire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> excite; kindle; rouse. instigate; foment; inflame, as with passions, enthusiasm, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ammaa tuuNTinadaaledaan naan inda kaariyatte senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I did this only because my mother inspired me to.</font><br> 1) (tuuNTi vuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring about, cause or give rise to, as a transformation, a strike, a revolution, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naaTaham oru samudaaya maaTratte eerppaTuttunadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>That play inspired a (whole) social change (movement).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> urge, stimulate; kindle enthusiasm of s.o. to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan innum nallaa ezuda en manevi enne tuuNTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My wife inspired me to write still better.</font><br> 1) (tuuNTi vuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>install</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> fix; attach firmly; affix s.t. to s.t. else, as sewing buttons on to a shirt, fixing a lock to a door, etc.; fix (o's eyes) on s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadavule taaLe poruttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to install a latch on the door.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> place in a position or set up for use, as a cooking stove, an air conditioner, a stereo system, etc.<br> <font size=+1>neettu eesi namma jannalle vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday they installed an airconditioner in the window</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ama(r)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> settle or establish s.o. in a position or office; appoint s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>?naama oru pudu meelaaLare amattaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We must install a new manager.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ukkaandukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> seat or settle o.s., as in a chair, a stool, a bench, etc.; take up a position as if by right; make o.s. at home in a place<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jannalukku pakkattilirunda naakkaaliyile ukkaandukiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He installed himself in the chair near the window.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pooruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> place or fix in position for use, as a fan, an electric lamp, a loudspeaker, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>visiri ellaarukkum vasadiyaa irukkamuTiyum-NNu pooruttungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you install the fan where it can benefit us all?</font><br> 1) (ame) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> set up for use or service, as a fan, a powerloom or handloom, an electric lamp, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They installed powerlooms in our workshops now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> attach; furnish with, put on<br> <br> <font size=+1>en saikkiLle pudu kaNNaaTi oNNe poruttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I installed a new mirror on my bike.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>instigate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> stir up, rouse or kindle, as a quarrel, a fight, etc. between two persons, groups, etc.; instigate, provoke, cause<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda reNTu kuTumbangaLukku mattiyile saNTeye muuTTiviTTadu yaaruNNu enakku teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I know who instigated the quarrel between these two families.</font><br> 1) (keLappiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> incite, spur on or provoke s.o.; stir up or foment, as a strike, a revolt, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava inda veele niruttatte tuuNTiviTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She instigated this strike.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>instill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> infuse or imprint (ideas, feelings, etc.) into s.o.'s mind or in s.o.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>kozandenga manasule (kozandekiTTe) nalla naTatteye cinna vayasile padiya vekkradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's good to instill good manners into the minds of children (in children) at an early age.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(arivuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> impress (principles, etc.) on s.o.'s mind; inculcate (ideas, principles, etc.) in s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? provide spoken?</font><br> <font size=+1>He instilled in me the importance of speaking the truth.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pohaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> introduce or put (feelings, ideas, etc.) into s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazkkeyle edeyaavadu saadikkaNum-ngra oNarcciye ava enakku pohattunaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She instilled in me the desire to achieve something in (my) life.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (padiya seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>institute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> begin, establish, originate,<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangam neettu oru pudu saTTatte eerpaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>the government instituted a new regulation yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niruvu)</font> 3 tr <br> establish or set up, as a government, a society, a trust, a fund for scholarship, a commission of inquiry, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They have instituted a trust fund to assist students without financial means</font><br> 1) (niruvu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> initiate, inaugurate or commence formally, as a custom, a practice, an inquiry, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They instituted the practice of having outside speakers at commencement</font><br> 1) (ame) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>instruct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uttaravu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give orders or command to; give direction or instruction to<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNNeya veeleye aNNekkee muTikkaNumNNu anda adihaari engaLukku uttaravupooTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The officer instructed us to complete the day's work by (the end of) the same day.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sollikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> teach or coach; give knowledge to<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade eppaTi seyyaraduNNu ava anda veelekkaarikki sollikkuTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She instructed the maid (in) how to do it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaLaiyiTu)</font> 4bt <br> give orders, direction or command to<br> <br> <font size=+1>He instructed them to shoot towards the crowd.</font><br> 1) (terivi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kattukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> teach or coach; give knowledge to; educate; give pointers<br> <font size=+1>He instructed me in how to improve my golf swing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> apprise or inform<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enna seyyaNumNNu ava avanukku teriyappaTuttinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She instructed him (as to) what to do (what he should do).</font><br> 1) (kattu kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insufficient, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pootaatu)</font> be unequal to a specified task; be inadequate, insufficient, not enough<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Words are insufficient to convey our sorrow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olikkaappu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> insulate against sound; furnish s.o., s.t. with protection against sound<br> <font size=+1>The building is so close to the railroad yards, they had to insulate it to dampen the sound</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> separate, isolate, or segregate; place s.o. or s.t. in isolation; ghettoize<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe mattavangakiTTeerundu piriccivekkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't insulate her from others.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tanime paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> isolate s.o. or s.t.; cut off s.o. from surroundings or from communication with others; make s.o. incommunicado<br> <font size=+1>He grew up in isolation from others, so don't insulate him any more</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(minkaappu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> insulate s.t. against electricity; furnish s.t., s.o. with protection against electricity<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kambiye minkaappu seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should insulate this wire; this wire must be insulated (against the possibility of electrical short-circuit).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(veppakkaappu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> insulate against heat; furnish s.t., s.o. with protection against heat<br> <font size=+1>We need to keep the heat out, so do something to insulate this room</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insult</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nindane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> treat s.o., s.t. with scorn or contempt; abuse or reproach<br> <font size=+1>You insulted him by giving him such a wretched office to work in</font><br> 1) (avamariyaade seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izivupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> humiliate s.o.; slight or disgrace s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide pooyi naaTahamNNu solli naaTahatte izivupaTuttaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't insult drama by referring to this as drama.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(avamariyaade paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat with disrespect, insolence or contempt<br> <font size=+1>It was an insult to refer to him as the Senator from graft and corruption</font><br> 1) (avamaana-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(avamaanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> humiliate; treat s.o. with disrespect, scorn or affront; hurt s.o.'s feelings by act or speech<br> j <br> <font size=+1>tan maapLe mohattule eccile tuppi roojaa avane avamaanappaTiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Rose insulted her fiance by spitting in his face.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(avamadi)</font> 6b tr <br> treat s.o., s.t. with comtempt, disrespect, or scorn<br> <br> <font size=+1>kazudeeNNu solli enne ava avamadiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She insulted me by calling me a jackass.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappiiTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> (of a person) take out or procure an insurance policy; (of an insurance company) issue an insurance policy<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan payir kaappiiTu senjirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've insured my crops.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>insure (cf. also ensure)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niccayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make certain; assure; guarantee<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTam nallaa ooTum-ngrade naama niccayappaTutta muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We can't insure (ensure) that this movie will be a hit (or that the film will have a good run).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>integrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seenjukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of factions, sects, ethnic groups, etc.) join, as with the society, the dominant group, etc.<br> <font size=+1>More needs to be done to integrate Muslim immigrants into mainstream society</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalanduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of individuals, ethnic groups, religious sects, etc.) merge with, assimilate and become part of a dominant culture, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They were referred to as a 'model' ethnic group, that had integrated well into American society</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(orungiNeccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> combine (ideas, plans, etc.) into a whole for o.s., into o's master plan, etc.; cause or allow (factions, sects, communities, castes, ethnic groups, etc.) to join, as in a social group, in a soci<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>Do we want the people of that sect to integrate with us?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(orumeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring together into a single whole; unify; combine into one, as systems, organizational structures<br> <font size=+1>We have to integrate the two computing systems under one operating system.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(oorungeNe)</font> 6 tr <br> combine into a whole or a larger unit; bring together and incorporate, as parts, groups, factions, doctrines, sects, etc. into a whole<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>Do the people of that sect want to be integrated with us?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(seettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take in, include or incorporate, as an idea into o's plan, etc.; cause or allow s.o. to join, as in a social group, a community, etc.<br> ; ?<br> <font size=+1>avan oru pazeya keeTi; avane niinga onga samuuhatle seettukkuviingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>He's an ex-convict; will you integrate him into (your) society?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(muzumeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make whole or complete; complete (s.t. imperfect) by putting together the parts or supplying the missing parts<br> <font size=+1>We have managed to integrate the parts of the old system into the new system</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(orungeNenjukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of individuals, ethnic minorities, religious sects, castes, communities, etc.) become integrated or part of the whole; merge with a dominant culture, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They have integrated well in our society, and we all get along well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intellectualize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arivupuurvamaa peesu)</font> 3 intr+acc.+~pa66i~ <br> talk about s.t. intellectually<br> <font size=+1>In language policy, people speak about intellectualizing a language, to make it suitable for higher registers, such as education</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(arivupuurvamaa ezudu)</font> 3 intr +acc.+~pa66i~ <br> write about s.t. intellectually<br> <font size=+1>In higher education, we try to teach students to intellectualize what they write about, and not just write what they 'feel'.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri)</font> 3 tr <br> (of words, statements, etc.) signify or mean<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda tooTar ede kurikkradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>What does the phrase intend?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nene)</font> 6b tr <br> think; purpose; have in mind, as s.t. to be done, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en maha oru vakkiilaaNum-NNu nenecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I intended that my daughter should become a lawyer.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(utteesi)</font> 6b tr <br> aim, purpose or propose; have in mind, as s.t. to be done, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veele oru vaarattukku muTinjiTalaamNNu utteesicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I intended that the work might (could) be completed within a week.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intensify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTumeyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become more severe, as an illness, a repressive measure, weather, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The fever intensified, and we were afraid we would lose her</font><br> 1) (tiiviram-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiviramaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become more intense, as wind, depression, sorrow, an activity, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The hurricane had lost force, but then it intensified, and cause much more damage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiivirappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make more intense or quicken, as a salvage operation, a military action, etc.; hasten or step up, as efforts, activities, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Sunni resistance continues to be intensified in Iraq</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTumeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> increase in degree, as cold, heat, sorrow, etc.; make more severe, rigorous or stern, as a military action, a raid, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Towards the end of World War II, they intensified the bombing of civilian targets</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuriyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be set; have 's mind fixed on; set o's sights, as on making money, revenge, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avanooTa veeleylee kuriyaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's intent on his work (job).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viruppamaa iru)</font> 7i <br> be eager or full of desire, as for a trip, a subject, etc., for doing s.t., etc.<br> <font size=+1>She was very intent on a trip abroad this summer, but now she's been disappointed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> have o's attention fixed; be mindful or concentrated on one goal<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paNam paNraduleyee gavanamaa irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was intent on one thing only: making money.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pode)</font> 6b tr <br> bury (a dead body)<br> <font size=+1>The body was interred with military honors.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intercede</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mattiyastam seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> mediate; act as a peacemaker<br> <font size=+1>The UN peacekeepers tried to intercede in Srebrenica, but failed to stop the genocide</font><br> 1) (vaad-aaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> mediate; try or venture to reconcile<br> <br> <font size=+1>pradama mandri taleyiTTaa inda prasne tiirum</font><br> <font size=+1>If the prime minister intercedes, the problem will be solved.</font><br> 1) (madyastam paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(parinju peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> plead; speak on behalf of s.o.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>en akkaa en appaakiTTee parinji peesinaa.</font><br> <font size=+1>My elder sister intereceded with my father on my behalf.</font><br> 1) (vaadaaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intercept</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTemari)</font> 6b tr <br> halt or stop s.t. or s.o. on the way from one place to another; obstruct s.o. or s.t. in its course<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava uruNTu vanda pande eTemaricca</font><br> <font size=+1>She intercepted the ball that was rolling towards her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTemariccu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> take, catch or seize s.o. or s.t. on the way; cut s.o. off at a particular place<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappiyooTiya tiruTane pooliiskaaranga eTemaricci piTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The policeman intercepted the thief on the run.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTuttu niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop or halt s.t. or s.o.; stop or check, as on a trip, an escape, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They intercepted the message meant for one of the terrorists</font><br> 1) (kurukkiTTu piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taTuttu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> stop and seize s.o. or s.t. on the way<br> ; , <br> <font size=+1>ippodaan avan poonaan; nii veehamaa naTandaa avane taTuttu piTikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>He left just a moment ago; if you walk fast, you might be able to intercept him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interchange</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maatti pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> exchange; put (each of two things) in the place of the other, as furniture, transposed letters in a word, etc. in printing<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu naarkkalingaleyum maattippooTTaa nallaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will be better if you interchange the two chairs.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interchange (cf. exchange)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maatti vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put (each of two things) in the place of the other; replace one thing for another<br> ( ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan anda reNTu naarkkaalingaLeyum (pustahangaLeyum) (oliperukkihaLeyum) maattiveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He interchanged the two chairs (books) (loudspeakers).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam maattikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of two persons) change places<br> <font size=+1>She wanted to sit by the window and I wanted to sit by the aisle, so we exchanged places</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intercrop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTu payir seyyi @(nb tr & intr)@)</font> 1 tr&intri <br> grow one crop between the spaces of another crop<br> <br> <font size=+1>You can intercrop this.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interdict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> impede, hinder or stop; prohibit, thwart<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ediringaLooTa munneeratte eppaTi taTukkradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can we interdict the advance of the enemies?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> prohibit, as gambling, drinking, etc.; forbid, as smoking, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They tried to maintain prohibition and interdict alcohol after Independence, but it didn't work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavar)</font> 2t <br> attract; fascinate; hold the interest of<br> <br> <font size=+1>marma kadenga enne kavarkkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>Mystery stories interest me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavanatte kavar)</font> 2 intr <br> attract the attention, hold the interest; grab s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paTam ennooTa kavanatte kavaralle</font><br> <font size=+1>The movie didn't interest me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. to take an interest in; induce s.o. to take part in<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avane inda vyaabaarattule iiTupaTutta muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is it possible to interest him in this business?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interfere</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> butt in; insert o.s. into a matter; stick o's nose into s.t.; dabble in; meddle; intrude;<br> !<br> <font size=+1>en vishayattule nii taleyiTaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't interfere in my affair!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> hamper, hinder or spoil<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa veLeyaaTTuttanam ava paTippe baadikkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her playfulness interferes with her studies.</font><br> 1) (baadi) 6b tr<br> 2) (tale iTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukkiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> intrude; meddle; poke o's nose in; get involved in; mess with<br> <br> <font size=+1>idile nii kurukkiTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't interfere in this.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interject</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTemariccu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> interpose, as a statement, a remark, a clarification, etc. while s.o. is speaking<br> , ' ' <br> <font size=+1>avan peesikkiTTirundappa, 'appaTi ille'-NNu ava eTemaricci sonnaa</font><br> <font size=+1>'Not like that,' she interjected while he was speaking.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTe mariccu keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> interpose or throw in, as a question or a concern while s.o. is speaking<br> ' ?' <br> <font size=+1>'niinga solradu eppaTi sariyaahum?' NNu naan eTemaricci keeTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>'How can what you say be right?' I interjected.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTeyle noze)</font> 6b tr <br> interpolate or interpose, as a remark, an explanation, a question, etc. throw in, toss in<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avar eppa peesinaalum, oru pazamoziye eTeyile nozeppaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Whenever he speaks, he will interject a proverb.</font><br> 1) (naTuvile noze) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interlace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> intertwine; be woven together; be interconnected<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda mara keLenga oNNooTa oNNu pinnikiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The branches of the tree were interlaced with one another.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnu)</font> 3 tr <br> knit; join or unite by knitting, as threads, wires, strips, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You need to interlace the strips so that they form a sort of seamless web</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koottukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> intertwine, as hands<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLum avanum kaiye koottukkiTTu niNNanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They stood together, their hands interlaced.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interlink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seettu eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> join or link, as two things together or one thing with another<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paade enga uure naharattooTe seettu eNekkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>This road interlinks our place with the city.</font><br> 1) (eNe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interlock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNeccu poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> fit together, as parts of a machine in a coordinated manner<br> <font size=+1>All the parts interlock into one coordinated system; if one missing, nothing works</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intermarry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTuttu vaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become connected by marriage; exchange marriage partners reciprocally; give and take marriage partners<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu kuTumbamum naalu talemoreyaa kuTuttu vaangikkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The two families have been intermarrying for four generations.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalappu tirumaNam senjukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of a person) marry outside o's caste, religion, etc.<br> <font size=+1>They intermarried outside their respective religions</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intermingle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu kala)</font> 7 intr <br> mingle or mix together; join together, unite<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze taNNii semmaNNooTa oNNu kalandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain water intermingled with the red earth.</font><br> 1) (seettu kala) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalandu pazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of people, sects, etc.) mingle or mix together; mix with another<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda pirive seendavanga mattavangaLooTa kalandu pazaharadu ille</font><br> <font size=+1>The people of that area don't intermingle with others.</font><br> 1) (oNNu (oNNa) seeru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intermix (cf. mingle, get along with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTip pazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> intermingle; mingle or mix together<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avanga poona vaaramdaan kuTivandaanga; aanaa adukkuLLe avanga akkampakkattaaroode kuuTippazahiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They moved in only last week; but they've already intermixed with the neighbors.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intern</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> shut in or confine s.o.; keep s.o. in custody or confinement for a particular reason<br> <font size=+1>During WWII, Japanese Americans were interned in camps inland from the west coast</font><br> 1) (sereyle aTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaavalle vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put s.o. in confinement or under custody, as for a crime, a political necessity, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The duly-elected President of Burma has been interned for years now by the illegal military government</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sereyle vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put s.o. in prison, as a punishment, a wartime necessity, a political manoeuver, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Stalin and Hitler both interned a lot of people, many of whom died</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>internalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((manasule) padiya vei)</font> 6b tr <br> memorize or learn s.t. thoroughly for future reference, use; fix s.t. in the mind or memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa paaTatteyum manasule padiya vecciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have internalized all the [material from the] lessons in my mind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?</B> make (attitudes or behavior) part of o's nature by learning or unconscious assimilation; acquire knowledge of (the rules of a language). <br> <font size=+1>You need to internalize the rules of the grammar, so you can speak without having to think about them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>internationalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aneccu naaTTu urimeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. international; cause (s.t.) to rightfully belong to all nations<br> <font size=+1>Some people would like to internationalize the status of Jerusalem.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?? </B> <font size=+1>(??naaTTuk kaTTuppaaTTi)</font> bring (s.t.) under the control of all nations; bring (s.t.) under international control<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interpenetrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTuruvi paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> penetrate between parts, things, etc.; permeate thoroughly; mix or merge together<br> <font size=+1>The two concepts interpenetrate in interesting ways, and one can't understand one without the other</font><br> 1) (uuTuruvi paadi) 6 tr<br> 2) (oNNe oNNu uuTuruvu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interpolate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> add; put in, as additional words or phrases in a text, a speech, etc. toss in, throw in.<br> ; , <br> <font size=+1>You haven't written anything about the employee's welfare scheme; don't bother; while reading, I'll interpolate a few words about it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTe seruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> insert or include (an interpolation, new matter, etc.) without authorization or with intent to deceive, as in a text, a book, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The politician announced that the reporter had interpolated some ideas in his press release.</font><br> 1) (eTe seruhal seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interpose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukkee vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put or place (s.t.) between (two things); introduce, as a screen between the window and the table, etc.<br> <font size=+1>In the museums, they often interpose a small object or exhibit in between two larger ones</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(madyastam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> mediate; act as a peace-maker<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava engaLukku naTuvile (eTeyile) madyastam senjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She interposed (herself) between us (as a friendly advocate).</font><br> 1) (eTeyle vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> intercede; intervene; step in, as between two parties to mediate; stick o's nose in<br> <br> <font size=+1>onga taharaarle naan taleyiTa maaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I won't interpose (myself) in your dispute.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interpret</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> explain or elucidate, as a passage, a poem, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He was someone who could interpret Sangam poetry for western audiences, and got many people interested in studying Tamil</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mozipeyar)</font> 6 tr <br> translate (what is written or spoken)<br> <font size=+1>??naan aangilam peesinappa, avan tamizile mozipeyarttaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>He translated into Tamil while I was speaking English.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(arttappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> construe or understand s.t. in a particular manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan maunatte sammadamNNu arttappaTuttradu tappu</font><br> <font size=+1>It would be wrong to interpret his silence as consent.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(arttam sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> explain word by word; give the meaning; provide meaning or interpretation for<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda kavidekki arttam solla muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you interpret this poem?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> put into simpler terms, explain in different words or language; clarify, elucidate<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar veLakkiyadu enakku suttamaa puriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher tried to interpret [for me] but I couldn't get it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interrogate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLvi keeL)</font> 5b tr <br> ask questions of s.o. formally or informally, esp. as part of a criminal investigation<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was interrogated by Scotland Yard, and released</font><br> 1) (vesaari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(visaaraNe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> examine s.o. officially or formally; give s.o. the 'third degree'.<br> <br> <font size=+1>varumaana vari adihaari avane romba neeram visaaraNe senjaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The income tax officer interrogated him for a long time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interrupt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukkiTTukkeeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> interrupt, interject or throw in, as a question or doubt in the middle of a talk, conversation, etc.<br> , ' ?' <br> <font size=+1>naan kade sollikkiTTirundappa, 'paambu eppaTi peesum?' NNu en maha kurukkiTTu keeTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>While I was telling her a story, 'How can a snake talk?' my daughter interrupted.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTemariccu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> interject, as a remark, a clarification, etc. while s.o. is speaking; add or stick in o's two cents<br> , <br> <font size=+1>periyavanga peesarappoo nii edeyum eTemaricci collakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the grown-ups are talking, you shouldn't interrupt</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukkiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> interfere; burst or break in (to a conversation, etc.); cut in; butt in; add o's two cents<br> !<br> <font size=+1>periyavanga peesarappa kurukkiTaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't interrupt when the elders are talking!</font><br> 1) (kuru-kiTTu taTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop, turn s.t. off; break off<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze vandadaale podukkuuTTatte anda kaccikaaranga paadiyile niruttunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>because of heavy rain, the political organizers interrupted their party's public meeting right in the middle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of a person or animal) break off or cease s.t. in the middle<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avar ezudarade (eTeyile) niruttiTTu ennooTa peesa toTanginaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He interrupted his writing [process] and began to talk with me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(eTemari)</font> 6b tr <br> break in upon or stop s.o. in the midst of<br> !<br> <font size=+1>engaLe eTemarikkaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't interrupt us!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 6b tr <br> obstruct; get in the way, as of a view<br> <br> <font size=+1>on tale meeTeye marekkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>Your head interrupts my view of the stage.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intersect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> divide or separate<br> <font size=+1>They intersected the large block of land with a broad boulevard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seendu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come together, as two roads at a crossroads; come together, as ideas, concepts, interests, lives<br> <font size=+1>His interests and mine intersected very nicely, and we were able to do some joint projects</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intersperse</b></font><br> intr <br> scatter among or between other things; be placed here and there; be distributed or sprinkled randomly together; be dispersed, spread, strewn, dotted, sprinkled, peppered<br> <font size=+1>Their debates were interspersed with some virulent interchanges, but on the whole, it was civil</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intertwine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(murukku)</font> 3 tr <br> twist together or one with the other, as yarn, thread, wire, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nuule anda nuulooTa murukku</font><br> <font size=+1>(You need to) intertwine this thread with that one.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnu)</font> 3 tr <br> knit, plait or weave together one with the other, as thread, hair, wire, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Nowadays there are a lot of women who use hair enhancement techniques where someone intertwines your hair with other hair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> become twisted together; become tangled or inextricable; get mixed up; be twisted or tangled together, be intertwined as creepers, branches<br> <font size=+1>This whole issue has gotten intertwined and confused with another one, and people can't seem to get them separated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intervene</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTeppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> happen, take place or occur between events, periods or points of time<br> , <br> <font size=+1>eTepaTTa kaalattule, avan settuppoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In the intervening period, he died</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukkiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of persons) intercede, as in a dispute; come between, as two persons who are fighting, etc.; interfere, as in the affairs of another, etc.; (of things) come between or happen incidentally so as to ch<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLum avanum saNTe pooTTukkiTTirundaanga; ade paakka sahikkaame naan avangaLukku naTuppaare (eTeyile) kurukkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>We played cricket until the rain intervened.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTTu tiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> (of persons) intercede, as in an issue, and solve it; solve by interceding<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pracneye nii taleyiTTu tiikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to intervene in this issue.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of persons) intercede, as in a dispute; interfere, as in the affairs of another person, country, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga saNTeyilee nii taleyiTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't intervene in our quarrel!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interview</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeTTikaaN)</font> 5a tr <br> have an interview with; conduct interviews with<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru pattrikke nirubar-ngra moreyle naan nereya modal mandriye peeTTi kaNTeen.</font><br> <font size=+1>As a newspaper reporter, I've interviewed many (several) chief ministers.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>interweave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalandu neyyi)</font> 2b tr <br> weave, as a cloth, a towel, etc. by mixing two yarns or one yarn with another<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avanga sevappu nuuleyum (sevappu nuulooTe) manjaL nuuleyum kalandu nenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They interwove the red yarn and (with) the yellow yarn.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnu)</font> 3 tr <br> knit or plait together, one with the other, as threads, themes, colors, etc.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>inda kadeyle avaru karpaneyooTu oNme sambavangaLe pinni-irukkraaru.</font><br> <font size=+1>In this story, he has interwoven true incidents and imaginary ones.</font><br> 1) (kalanju neyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intimate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(caaTaiyaakac sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> say s.t. indirectly or through a hint<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maraimukamaakac col)</font> 3c tr <br> say or make known s.t. indirectly; hint; suggest indirectly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan veeleyeppattiya en atiruptiye maremuhamaa teriyappaTuttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I intimated my dissatisfaction with his work.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maraimukamaakat terivi)</font> 6 tr <br> make s.t. known indirectly; hint or suggest<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTeyaa terivi)</font> 6 tr <br> make s.t. known indirectly or through a hint; imply; lead s.o. to believe; seem to suggest s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>One of the secretaries intimated to us that the plan was hopeless.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(terivi)</font> 6 tr <br> make s.t known directly; announce to a restricted audience; say in so many words<br> <font size=+1>He has intimated to a few friends that he was ready to retire</font><br> 1) (teriya-paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intimidate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(more)</font> 6b tr <br> glare, bear down by looks; bully, hector, browbeat, force, coerce, compel, dragoon, bludgeon, pressure, pressurize, tyrannize, terrorize, menace; harass, harry, hound; (informal:) bulldoze, railroad<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne paattu koovattule moreccaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to intimidate me with his angry look</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> frighten or overawe (s.o.), especially in order to make them do what one wants; cow, bully; cf. also menace, terrify, scare, terrorize, subdue; threaten, browbeat, pressure, pressurize, harass<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sinna kozandengaLe bayamuruttuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He had a tendency to intimidate small children</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> frighten or daunt s.o.; make s.o. timid<br> <br> <font size=+1>oruttare bayamurutturadukku avan peesura dooraNeyee poodum</font><br> <font size=+1>His style (way of speaking) is enough to intimidate anyone.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(miraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> threaten; make s.o. timid or fearful, especially in a court case<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippellaam saaTcingaLe meraTradu saadaaraNamaa poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays it has become common to intimidate witnesses.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oodu)</font> 3 tr <br> recite, as mantras or the Vedas with the right intonation; chant, as a religious hymn, a prayer, etc.<br> <font size=+1>If you've never heard someone intone the Vedas, you are missing something</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intoxicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poodekka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> (of alcohol or drugs) stupefy; affect s.o. with intoxication<br> <font size=+1>They tried to intoxicate him so that he would be out of commission</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poode kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> cause or produce intoxication<br> <br> <font size=+1>braandiyeviTa viski adiha poode kuTukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Whiskey is more intoxicating than brandy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(verikka seyyi)</font> 1t <br> exhilirate, excite or stir up the emotions of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaamam avangaLe verikka senjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Lust intoxicated them.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intoxicated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poodeyle iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be drunk; be in a state of intoxication<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??avan (kuTi) boodeyilee irukkiraan (LT and spoken don't jibe here)</font><br> <font size=+1>She was intoxicated with success.</font><br> 1) (mayakkattule iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intrigue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLLa toTarpu vaccukkoo)</font> 1 intr <br> engage in secret love affairs; carry on an illicit or clandestine affair<br> <font size=+1>They intrigued to meet secretly for extramarital activity</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sadi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a secret plan; plot; conspire<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda gooshti namma talevarukku ediraa sadi seyyidu</font><br> <font size=+1>That faction is intriguing against our boss.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aarvatte keLaru)</font> 3 intr + gen. <br> arouse the interest or curiosity of; get s.o. thinking about or interested in s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sonnadu avaLooTe aarvatte tuuNTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>What he said intrigued her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>introduce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puhuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring in, as a custom; put in, start up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar taan inda pudu vazakkatteyellaam inda uurule puhuttinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's the one who introduced these customs to the town.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> insert; put or place, as a tube into a hole, a catheter into the urinary passage, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We must introduce a feeding tube into his stomach to keep him alive</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puhuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring in, as a subject into a conversation, a concept into a field of knowledge, etc.; institute, as a subject into a course of study, a syllabus, a custom, a practice, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He's the person who introduced the concept of the 'transformation' into the field of syntax</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aarambi)</font> 6b tr <br> begin, commence or start, as a talk with anecdote, etc.<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava avaLooTa kaTTureye oru cinna kadeyooTa aarambiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She introduced her essay with a small story.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (arimuham seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(arimuhappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make known, inform; make acquainted with; lay before s.o.; present s.o. to s.o. else; present s.o., a new product, etc. to a group, an audience, etc.; make two or more persons acquainted with one<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga peeraasiriyaru iNNekki vahuppule oru pudu koLheye engaLukku arimuhappaTuttunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>our professor introduced us to a new concept in the classroom today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intrude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noze)</font> 6b tr <br> impose, force or introduce, as ideas, etc. into a plan, an argument, etc.; enter a situation or premises uninvited, or with negative intentions<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tiTTattle naan en karuttu edeyum nozekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I haven't imposed any idea of mine into this plan.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>intuit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLuNar)</font> 3 tr <br> understand or know by intuition, feeling, gut reaction, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He didn't say it in so many words, but I intuited that he was unhappy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inundate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((veLLattule) muuzhaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> flood; submerge s.t. by a flood of water<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aaru vazinjooTi nereya graamangaLe muuzhaTiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The river overflowed and inundated many villages.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inundated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> have too much work to do; be seriously behind in o's work; have an overload of work, orders, etc.; be swamped<br> <font size=+1>We've been inundated with orders since the new product line came out.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLattule muuzhu)</font> 3 intr <br> be flooded; be covered or overspread with floods or water<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga pahudi oru vaaramaa veLLatle muuzkicci</font><br> <font size=+1>Our area was inundated for a week.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inure (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakkappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> train, habituate or accustom s.o., as to hardships, dangers, hard work, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kashTamaana veelekki nii avane pazakka-paTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must inure him to hard work.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inured (to), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become accustomed or habituated to s.t.; be unaffected by s.t.<br> <font size=+1>I've become inured to his criticism, and just shrug it off</font><br> 1) (pazakkamaahi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>invade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTeyeTu)</font> 6 intr + ~i2meel~ <br> lead a military expedition against a country<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda naaTum innoru naaTumeele paTeyeTukka kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>No country should invade another country.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aakkrami)</font> 6b tr <br> (of a country, an army, terrorists, etc.) seize (a country, a city, etc.) by violence; (of persons) encroach, as upon another's property, etc.; (of persons) crowd into, as a place, a home, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona vaaram virundaaLinga enga viiTTe aakkramiccikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Last week, our house was invaded by guests</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> attack, as a disease, worry, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The disease has invaded his circulatory system, and may cause strokes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>invalidate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>((cellaada) poohaada(?) taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make or render s.t. invalid<br> <br> <font size=+1>oyar niidi manarattooTa tiirppu inda saTTatte poohaada taakkrudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The judgement of the High Court invalidates this law.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inveigh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edittu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak or protest against, as a proposed plan, a bill, etc.; heckle, harangue, go on and on about.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan aTikkaTi naastihatte eduttu peesuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He'd often inveigh against atheism.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taakkippeesu)</font> 3 tr <br> attack verbally; speak violently or protest strongly against s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTa sabeyile neettu avar anda pudu masoodaave taakki peesinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He inveighed against the new bill in the Assembly yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vanmeyaa kaNTiccu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak reprovingly, strongly or vehemently against s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>She inveighed strongly against terrorism.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(turru)</font> 3 tr <br> abuse; speak reproachfully or bitterly; curse<br> <br> <font size=+1>????</font><br> <font size=+1>He began to inveigh against God.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inveigle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sammadikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> persuade by deception or flattery; make or cause s.o. to do s.t.; use underhanded or tricky methods to persuade s.o. to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudire pandayattukku pooha avane naan sammadikka senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I inveigled him into going to the race</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>invent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> find, as a new principle; devise, as a new process; contrive, as a new machine, etc.<br> ( ?<br> <font size=+1>sakkaratte yaar kaNTupiTiccaar? (sakkaratte kaNTupiTiccadu yaaru?)</font><br> <font size=+1>Who (was it that) invented the wheel?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karpaneyaa uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> create, produce or make up falsely, as excuses, justifications, stories, etc.<br> <font size=+1>When I asked him why he hadn't finished the work, he invented some excuse</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karpi)</font> 6 tr <br> produce or make up, as an excuse, a reason or a justification<br> ?? ?<br> <font size=+1>?avan ade summaa karpikkraan?</font><br> <font size=+1>He's just inventing it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>inventory</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTiyalpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> list or catalogue; make a complete list of the contents of s.t.; make an inventory of<br> <br> <font size=+1>?settupoonavangaLooTa sottuhaLe paiiTyalpaTutturad kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's difficult to inventory the property (possessions) of the deceased.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>invert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn over, as a stone, soil, a sack of rice, etc., a pile of tobacco leaves, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>pohayile kaTTungaLe avanga poraTTikkiTTu (poraTTi pooTTukkiTTu) irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were inverting the bunches (bundles) of tobacco leaves.</font><br> 1) (talekiizaa maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaviz)</font> 6a tr <br> turn over or turn upside down, as a glass, a barrel, a cot, etc.; capsize, as a boat, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda vaaLiye kavizttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He inverted the bucket.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>invest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(modaliTu)</font> 4 tr <br> supply with; put money into financial schemes, shares, or property with the expectation of achieving a profit. devote (o's time or energy) to an undertaking with the expectation of a worthwhile resu<br> <br> <font size=+1>on paNatte viiNaa selavazikkaama oru vangile modaliTradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>Investing your money in a bank instead of spending it, is a good thing.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put (money), as in an enterprise, shares, etc.<br> ( ) , <br> <font size=+1>aaLukku naama irubadaayiram pooTTaa, oru tuNi kaTeye aarambikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If we each invest Rs. 20,000, we can start (open) a textile shop.</font><br> 1) (mudaliiTu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aLi)</font> 6 tr <br> confer, as a title or authority on s.o.<br> j ( ) <br> <font size=+1>janaadibadi avarukku padma buushan-ngra paTTatte aLiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The President invested him with the title 'Padmabushan.'</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(selavu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> spend (money) on, as books, magazines, shoes, clothes, etc.; spend (time or energy), as on a plan, public service, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava eeze kozandengaLukkaaha nereya neeratteyum sandiyeyum selavu senjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She invested a lot of time and energy in helping poor children.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(modaliiTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put (money), as in a business, an enterprise, stocks, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru viiTTle konjam paNam mudaliiTu paNNalaamNNu nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think I'll invest some money in a house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> clothe or wrap s.o., as with a shawl or a robe<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru mandri avarukku ponnaaTe poottinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>A minister invested him with a shawl of honors.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>investigate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraayi)</font> 2 tr <br> inquire into, look into, as a problem, a flood situation, etc.; probe into, as the details or causes of an accident, various aspects of a situation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>?need exe</font><br> <font size=+1>The committee investigated the causes of the accidental fire.</font><br> 1) (tiira vecaari) 6b tr<br> 2) (vecaari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vicaari)</font> 6b tr+acc+ ~pa66i~ <br> make a formal or informal inquiry about s.o. or s.t.<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(polan vecaaraNe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1intr acc.+ ~pa66i~ <br> make an official inquiry, as into a crime or an accident to uncover facts, details, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>? need exe</font><br> <font size=+1>The police are investigating the murder.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>invigorate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(palan kuTukka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to be productive or fruitful; fructify<br> , <br> <font size=+1>anda paLLattaakkile avanga kuTiyamandapoo, avanga paLLattaakke palan kuTukka seyya moyarci senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When they settled in that valley, they set about trying to invigorate and make it fertile</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezucciyuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> give life or vitality to; fill with vigor and enthusiasm; inspire<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda arasiyal talaivarooTa peeccu engaLukku ezucciyuuTTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The political leader's speech inspired us and invigorated us.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tempuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> give vigor or vitality to; fill with courage<br> <br> <font size=+1>? need spoken exe:</font><br> <font size=+1>His words invigorated me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(teerru)</font> 3 tr <br> (of food, climate, etc.) help (o's body) to put on flesh or to become strong<br> <br> <font size=+1>??nallaa saappiTu; on oTambe teettikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Foods with a lot of protein in them will invigorate your body.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(surusuruppuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> animate or energize<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kashaayam onakku surusuruppuuTTum</font><br> <font size=+1>This medicine will invigorate you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>invite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aze)</font> 6b tr <br> invite; summon; ask in a friendly or formal way to go somewhere or to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga enne naaLekki oru virundukku azeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They invited me over for a feast tomorrow.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azeppu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> send out an invitation or summons; convene<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa porandanaaL vizaakku nereya peerukku en maamaa azeppu viTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My uncle invited a lot of people to his birthday celebration</font><br> 1) (varac-collu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aze)</font> 6b tr <br> call; call to meet; invite<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne maTTum vizaakku azekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>He invited everyone but me to the event</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> importune; invite with repeated entreaties; beg s.o. repeatedly to attend s.t.; enjoin<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga avane romba varundi enga viiTTu virundukku kuuppiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>we invited him repeatedly to the feast to be held in our home</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(varavazai)</font> 6b tr <br> bid; summon; ask s.o. over<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avar nallaa peesuvaar; avareyum naama varavazekkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>He talks well; let's invite him.</font><br> 1) (aze) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(varaccollu)</font> 3c tr <br> ask for, request or solicit, as donations, gifts, questions, applications, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??iNNekki saayangaalam kooyilukku pooha avaLe naan varaccolli irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>We invite donations from the public.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(azeppu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> send (out) a call or an invitation (especially an oral invitation); summon<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarukkum azeppu viTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to invite everybody.</font><br> 1) (varac-collu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>invite (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varaccollu)</font> 3c tr <br> ask s.o. to come in, bid s.o. enter<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii pooyi avane varaccollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Go and invite him in</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>invoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(prayoohi)</font> 6 tr <br> use, apply or employ, as the power of the law, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>? ( ?avaru rattu adihaaratte prayoohikkalaam?)</font><br> <font size=+1>He may invoke his veto.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> pray for, as god's mercy; request or beg s.o., as for help, aid, forgiveness, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuLdaan onne kaappattaaNum; avar odaviye veeNTikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Only God should (could) save you; invoke his help.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> call on (god), as for help or as a witness<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuLe een kuuppiTree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you invoke God?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> seek or ask for, as s.o.'s favor, aid or help<br> <br> <font size=+1>I have no other way (open to me) but to invoke your help.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(varavaze)</font> 6b tr <br> summon up or call forth, as a spirit by incantation<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru avaLooTa tandeyooTa aaviye varavazeccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He invoked the spirit of her father</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>involve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttuTu (izuttuviTu?))</font> 4 tr <br> mix s.o. up in s.t.; drag s.o. into, as a quarrel, a delicate or embarassing situation, a difficulty, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru darmasangaTamaana sikkalle avan izuttuviTTaan (izuttuTTaan?)</font><br> <font size=+1>He got me involved in an awkward mess.</font><br> 1) (sikka vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLaTakkiyiru)</font> 7 tr <br> imply or be implied by (other conditions, etc.); be a natural conclusion, be a necessary implication of (s.t.)<br> <font size=+1>If you have a big wedding, it will involve a huge reception, bridesmaids, and all that folderol.</font><br> 1) (ullaTangiyiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make s.o. take an interest in s.t.; cause s.o. to take part, as in an activity, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onga samuuha paNiyle niinga een onga maanavangaLe iiTupaTa seyya kuuTaadu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you get your students involved in your social work?</font><br> 1) (izu) 7 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> entangle; ensnare; implicate, as in a plot, a crime, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avane eeraaLamaana kaTanle maaTTaveccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She involved him in enormous debts.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>involve o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> devote o.s. to s.t.; work hard, diligently<br> <br> <font size=+1>podu kaariyangaLe seyradule nammaLe naamee iiTupaTuttikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>we need to involve ourselves in different types of public activities</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>involve s.o. in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaLaakkiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> set s.o. up; let s.o. in for s.t. (usu. unwillingly), as in loss, hard work, difficulty, etc.<br> ( <br> <font size=+1>avan enne nashTattukku aaLaakkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has gotten me involved in nothing but losses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>involved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be engaged, engrossed or absorbed, as in an activity, a research, social work, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru naNTuhaLe patti aaraaycciyle iiTupaTTirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He's involved in research on crabs.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTikkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be entangled or mixed up in, as a trouble, a quarrel, a crime, etc.; be implicated or tainted by s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naam ellaarum inda vazakkule maaTTikkiTTirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are all involved and implicated in this case.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>irk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcaluuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> irritate, annoy, vex, bother or exasperate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa paarve enakku ericcaluuTTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>His look irked me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(salippuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> weary or annoy; bother; irritate, gall, pique, nettle, exasperate, try s.o.'s patience; anger, infuriate, madden, incense, get on s.o.'s nerves; antagonize, provoke, ruffle s.o.'s feathers, raise s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>dinamum anju maNikku ezundrikkaradu enakku salippuuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It irks me to get up at five o'clock everyday.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>iron</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeyi)</font> 6b tr <br> press or smooth with an iron, as clothes, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda seeleye nii nallaa teeykkale</font><br> <font size=+1>You haven't ironed this sari well.</font><br> 1) (istri pooTu) 4 ta<br> 2) (peTTi pooTu) 4 ta<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peTTi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> press or smooth with an iron, as clothes, linen, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan reNTu saTTekki peTTi pooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ironed two shirts.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(istrii paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> iron clothing; remove wrinkles using heated irons<br> <font size=+1>In Chennai the istriikkaaran comes to your home and irons the clothes right in front of your house, or in your yard!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>iron out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> set right or in order; reconcile, as differences, etc.; clear up, as difficulties, etc.; straighten s.t. out, get the wrinkles out of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avan praccneye sarippaTuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've ironed out his problem.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>irradiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLi paayccu (?paaccu?))</font> 3 tr <br> shed light or beam light, as upon s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelavu buumi meele oLi paayccuda</font><br> <font size=+1>The moon irradiated the earth.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(prahaasikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> brighten; light up, illuminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahizcci (sandoosham) ava mohatte prahaasikka senjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Happiness (joy) irradiated her face.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>irradiated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(reeTiyeenan paNNu?)</font> be or contain radiation; be exposed to radioactivity in significant amounts<br> <font size=+1>When Chernobyl melted down, large areas in Ukraine and elsewhere were irradiated.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>irrigate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiru paayccu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause water to flow; supply water to (land or crops) by means of channels, canals, or ditches<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze peyyaadadanaale vevasaayinga inda varusham niiru paayccaveeNTiyirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The farmers will have to irrigate this year due to lack of rain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taNNi paayccu)</font> 3 tr <br> supply water, as to a field, a farm, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vayalukku taNNi paayccinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He irrigated the field.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>irritate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause irritation, smarting, stinging<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuusi kaNla vizuntaa kanna uruttum</font><br> <font size=+1>Dust will irritate your eyes if it gets into them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcaluuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> annoy, bother, nag; vex, irk, irritate, gall , pique, nettle, exasperate, anger, infuriate, madden, bug, incense, get on s.o.'s nerves; rile (up), antagonize, provoke, ruffle s.o.'s feathers, raise s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>namakku ericcaluuTTramaadiri sela kaariyangaLe edir kaccikkaaranga senjukiTTu varraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the opposition parties persist in carrying out certain activities that will irritate us</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make sore, as a part of the body; produce a itching or irritation, as in the eyes, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda moraTTu saTTe en toole uruttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This stiff shirt irritates my skin.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aattiramuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause impatience to; make impatient or angry<br> <br> <font size=+1>maTattanam enakku eppavum aattiramuuTTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Stupidity always irritates me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcaluuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause annoyance to; annoy or exasperate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa asaTTeyaana badil avaLukku ericcaLuuTTinadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His indifferent (careless) reply irritated her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>irritated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kodaru)</font> 3 intr <br> become sore or inflamed, as a wound; fester, as an abscess<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda puNNule taNNi paTTaa kodarum</font><br> <font size=+1>The wound will be irritated if it gets wet.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>irritated, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcal aTe)</font> 2b intr <br> become annoyed or irritated with s.o. or s.t.; find s.t. galling; be rubbed the wrong way by s.t. or s.o.; be chafed by s.t.; get worked up over s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een cinna vishayangaLukku kuuTa ivvaLavu ericcal aTeyare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you getting irritated over such trivial things?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>isolate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) , </B> <font size=+1>(tinippaTuttu, tanimaippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> detach or separate s.o., s.t. so as to be alone<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTalkaL neyera graamangaLe tanimeppaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tsunami isolated many villages.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taniyaa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set s.t. apart; place s.o. alone; separate s.o. or s.t. from others; quarantine<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nooyaaLiye niinga taniyaa vekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must isolate the patient.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piricceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> get or obtain by separation, as a metal from the ore, a chemical from a compound, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You can isolate this element only with the use of a particular chemical procedure</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>issue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> publish (books, magazines, etc.); print (bank-notes, stamps, etc.) or mint (coins) for distribution or sale<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>A new publishing house is going to issue this anthology of short stories.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(perappi)</font> 6 tr <br> give or send out, as an order<br> <br> <font size=+1>??+</font><br> <font size=+1>The Education Ministry has issued a new order.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give or distribute, as clothes, etc.; give, as a certificate, bond, etc. to s.o.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda empi enakku oru kaaNTakT sarTifikeeT kuTuttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The M.P. issued a (?good) conduct certificate for me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiviTu (veLiTu?))</font> 4 tr <br> print or mint and put into circulation, as bank-notes, stamps, coins, etc.; emit or send out, as smoke, flame, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The government has issued a whole new series of bank notes, designed to foil counterfeiters</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> publish (books, etc.); print (bank-notes, etc.) or mint (coins) for distribution or sale; give, as an order<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar oru uttaravu pooTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He issued an order.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>issue (currency)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naNayam acciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> print paper, currency; invent, create, make up, devise, conceive, originate, think up, dream up, formulate, fabricate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaLLa naaNayam acciTTadunaale avane kaidu senjuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They arrested him for making and issuing counterfeit bills</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>issue from</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 4bi <br> come out, as people from a hiding place, a room, etc.; flow out, as blood from a wound, etc.; emit or pour out, as smoke from a chimney, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan gaayattlirundu rattam veLiyee vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Blood issued from his wound.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>itch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause a smarting irritation, cause to tingle or burn; affect negatively; irritate<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyile ennooTa kaNNule tuusipaTTadanaale kaNNu romba uruttudu. vaittiyarukiTTe poohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Since this morning dust has been itching my eyes so bad I need to see the doctor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 6b intr <br> have or feel a tingling, smarting or irritation of the skin with a desire to scratch; cause an itching sensation<br> <br> <font size=+1>en saTTe ariccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>My shirt was itching me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tinaveTu)</font> 6 tr <br> have or feel an itching sensation<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? LT exe has namai; definition field has tinaveTu</font><br> <font size=+1>His wound itched.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 6b intr <br> feel or cause an itching or tingling sensation<br> <br> <font size=+1>puucci kaTiccadaale enakku tool ariccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My skin itched because of the insect bite.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>itch after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> desire earnestly or strongly; be dying for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>She was itching after fame.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>itch for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> long for, desire impatiently or want strongly; be dying for<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru sigaraTTukku tuTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was itching for a cigarette.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>iterate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba tirumba sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> say or utter s.t. again and again; repeat, restate, dwell on, hammer away at, harp on about, press o's point about, emphasize, stress, underscore<br> <font size=+1>One more, let me iterate the regulations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba tirumba seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do s.t. again and again<br> <font size=+1>You must iterate this operation mathematically until it doesn't apply any more</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jab</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> punch or strike with the fist or finger; poke, thrust or push, as with a knife, stick, a pencil, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kucci en eTadu kaNle kuttinadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I got jabbed in the right eye with a stick.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> insert, thrust or push in, as a dagger, a knife, a sword, etc.<br> ?? (?) <br> <font size=+1>??avan anda vaaLe ettriyooTa nenjile seruhunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jabbed the sword into the enemy's chest.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jab away at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttik koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> punch away at each other; hit or strike repeatedly or repetitively; hack away at s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu kuttuccaNTekkaaranga romba neeramaa oruttare oruttar kuttikkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The two wrestlers have been jabbing away at each other for a long time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jabber</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> speak indistinctly, incomprehensibly, quickly or nonsensically; chatter<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veLinaaTTukkaaranga ippaTittaan kaal maNi neeramaa oLarikkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The foreigners have been jabbering like this for a quarter of an hour.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jabber away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLarikkiTTee poo)</font> 3b intr <br> say or talk indistinctly, quickly or nonsensically<br> , ?<br> <font size=+1>nii ippaTi oLarikkiTTee poonaa, naan eppaTi purinjikkiradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can I understand if you jabber away like this?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jabber out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLaru)</font> 3 tr <br> speak indistinctly, quickly or nonsensically; blurt or blab out<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku teriyaada moziyile avan edeyoo oLarnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jabbered out something in a language unknown to me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jack up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> raise or increase, as wages, prices, etc., especially opportunistically<br> ? , , !<br> <font size=+1>namma sooppukku nereya kraakki irukkaa? sari, appaTiNNaa, adanooTa veleye eettiTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>There is a large demand for our soap? All right, then, jack up the price!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaakki vaccu tuukku)</font> 3 tr <br> lift with a jack or by means of a jack; elevate a heavy object<br> j !<br> <font size=+1>anda kaare jaakki vecci tuukki munnaale sakkaratte maattu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Jack up the car and change the front wheel!</font><br> 1) (adiha-paTutt-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jagged, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pallu pallaa veeTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut in the forms of tooth, as the edge of a rock, a piece of metal, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of smoothing the rock, they made a jagged edge on it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraa veeTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut unevenly or irregularly, as a sheet of paper of piece of cloth with a pair of scissors or knife; cut irregularly, as a stone with a chisel, etc.<br> <font size=+1>She used a pinking shears and made a jagged cut in the cloth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sereyle iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shut up in a prison; imprison; lock up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLi anju varushattukku sereyle aTekkappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The convict was jailed for five years.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jail (cf. gaol)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jam</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukkittiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> pack tightly; stuff closely; pack in close together<br> <font size=+1>You just have to jam your stuff into the bag for now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukkikkiTTu noze)</font> 2b intr <br> go pressing or pushing together, as into a room, a hall, a lift, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda sTaar tangiyirunda arekkuLLe anda visiringa nerukkikkiTTu nozenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The fans jammed (themselves) into the room where the movie stars were staying.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukkikkiTTu eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> get on or into a vehicle, pressing or pushing together, as onto a bus, a train, etc.; swarm or crowd o's way into or onto<br> , <br> <font size=+1>anda bas vandadum, ellaarum adile nerukkikkiTTu eerinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When the bus came, everybody jammed into it.</font><br> 1) (aTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> press, push or stuff, as clothes into a bag, books into a shelf, bags into a room, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan anda tuNTu kaahidangaLe oru sinna payyile tiNiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jammed the bits of paper into a small bag.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) j </B> <font size=+1>(jeem paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> block, as a machine, etc.; make unworkable, as a lock, a door, a machine, etc.<br> ; j <br> <font size=+1>anda puuTTe paattu tira; jeem paNNiTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Open the lock carefully; don't jam it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(nasukki koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> bruise or crush, as o's hand, fingers, etc.; get caught in a tight place, resulting in damage or pain<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan verale kadavile nasukkikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jammed his finger(s) in the door.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) j </B> <font size=+1>(j(\ae}m aahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become stuck, as a machine, a door, a street with crowd, etc.<br> j ; <br> <font size=+1>onga kaar (kaarooTa) breek j{\ae}m-aayTicci; sari seyya konja neeram piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The brakes of your car have jammed; it'll take a while to fix them.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> block up; obstruct, as by crowding, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>anda periya uurvalam mukkiya terukkaLe aTeccikiTTadu; oru saikiL kuuTa pooha muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The long procession jammed the main streets; not even a bicycle could pass.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jam (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> press or push quickly or forcefully, as the lid on a box, a foot on the brake, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan breekke azuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jammed on the brakes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr, intr <br> strike or ring, as a church bell, a door bell, a hand bell; (of a church or temple bell, etc.) ring<br> <font size=+1>When he got to the door, he jangled the bell loudly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mozangu)</font> 3 tr <br> sound; produce a loud sound or noise, as bells, cymbals, drums, etc.; clank, clink, clang, clash, clatter, rattle, vibrate, chime<br> <br> <font size=+1>The temple bells jangled.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(abasvaramaa oli)</font> 6 intr <br> (of vocal or instrumental music) sound out of harmony, tune; sound inappropriate; be inharmonious or out of place<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The (sound of the ) flute was jarring.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ulukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause bodily or mental shock; shake or rattle, as the bones, the body or the joints<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aaTToo en elumbeyellaam ulukkiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The auto-rickshaw jarred all my bones.</font><br> 1) (kulukkiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTuuramaa oli)</font> 6 intr <br> (of noise, sound or music) sound gratingly or harshly<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The noise of the vehicles was jarring.</font><br> 1) (ulukk-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(adirccikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> shock mentally; cause mental shock to<br> [...??] <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorist attacks jarred us out of our complacency</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jar on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaraacamaa paayi)</font> 2b intr <br> (of speech, statements, sound or music) have a painful or unpleasant effect on (the ears)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paaTina paaTTu ennooTa kaadule naaraasamaa paanjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The song he sang jarred on my ears.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jar with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porundaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unmatching or unsuitable; be out of harmony<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda kaacci anda paTattooTa porundaame irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That scene jars with the (rest of the) film.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muraNpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> conflict, clash or contradict; go against<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His statement jars with our party policy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jealous (of), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poraameppaTu)</font> 4 intr+ ~paarttu~ <br> be envious (of); look with envy upon s.t.; covet<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga (avangaLooTa) sotte paattu avan porameppaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was jealous of their wealth.</font><br> 1) (eri) 2b intr 3p+ dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcalpaTu)</font> 4 tr+acc+~paarttu~ <br> be envious (of)<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>avane paattu (avan kaare paattu) nii een ericcalpaTree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you jealous of him (of his car)?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jealous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poraamepaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> act out of jealousy or resentment; begrudge s.o. s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkattu viiTTukkaaranga engaLe paattu poraamepaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the neighbors were jealous of us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jeer (at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeLanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> ridicule; mock; taunt; make catcalls; make rude and mocking remarks; ridicule, deride, gibe, scorn, condemn, flout, cry down, tease, boo, hiss; scoff at, laugh at, sneer at <br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The crowd jeered the defeated team.</font><br> 1) (keeli paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(galaaTTaa paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> ridicule; sneer at, make fun of<br> , .<br> <font size=+1>ange poonaa, ellaarum galaaTTaa paNNuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If you go there, they'll all jeer (at you).</font><br> 1) (parihaasam paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eLLi neheyaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> laugh at; scoff at; laugh tauntingly at<br> <font size=+1>When I said I would win the prize, they all jeered at me</font><br> 1) (kooTTaa paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urupperu)</font> 1 intr <br> (of ideas, plans, etc.) take a shape or form<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His idea has begun to jell.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ruubattukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> (of ideas, thoughts, plans, etc.) take shape; assume form, become more solid or concrete<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma tiTTam-ellaam ippa sariyaana ruubattukku vandiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our plans have now begun to jell.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jell (cf. also gel)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLiyaahu)</font> 3i <br> become a jell, set, become as a colloidal suspension<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kurippiTTa veppaneleye aTenccadum adu kaLiyaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>When it reaches a certain temperature, it will jell</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa vaa)</font> 2ci <br> come together, fit together, become as a whole, as a story, a plan, a project, teamwork<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tiTTam irutiyile sariyaa varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The project is finally beginning to jell.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jeopardize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( )</B> <font size=+1>(abaayattukku (uLLaakku))</font> 3 tr <br> put s.t. or s.o. in jeopardy; risk; hazard; endanger<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His extremist speeches have jeopardized his job situation.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?? </B> <font size=+1>(?? aabattukku uLLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> put s.t. or s.o. in danger; endanger; imperil<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He would not hesitate to jeopardize even his life to save his friend.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jerk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTukkuNNu izu)</font> 7 tr <br> pull or draw with a quick movement, as a plaster off a wound, a hand from fire, hair from its roots, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avan taleye jannallerindu veTukkaNNu uLLee izuttukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jerked his head in, away from the window.</font><br> 1) (suNTi viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pull with a quick backward motion, as the reins; flick, as a coin<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan lahaane suNTiviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jerked the reins.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suNTiyizu)</font> 7 tr <br> pull or draw with a jerk, as a fish out of water, as a bow-string, a finger, a toe, or hair<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava en verave suNTiyizuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She jerked my finger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jerk out, up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suNTi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> flip out or up; get s.t. out of a tight spot by flicking or jerking motions<br> , <br> <font size=+1>muuTi sidanji baaTalile maaTTiTucci, ade ava kattiyaale suNTi viTa muyarci paNNunan</font><br> <font size=+1>The cork crumbled and stuck in the bottle, and he tried to jerk it out with a knife</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tamaashaa peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> joke; make jests; speak jokingly<br> <font size=+1>I assume you were jesting when you said you'd pay all my expenses</font><br> 1) (veeTikkeyaa peesu) 3 tr<br> 2) (veeTikkeyaa peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTTaa peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> joke; speak playfully; speak lightly and not seriously<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>appaTi veLayaTaa peesaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't jest like that.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jest with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> play with; treat s.o. without due seriousness; play games with s.o.; jerk s.o. around<br> <br> <font size=+1>enkiTTe veLeyaaTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't jest with me!</font><br> 1) (tamaasha paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piicciyaTi)</font> 6b t, intr <br> shoot, squirt or spout out, as liquid or gas through a small opening<br> <br> <font size=+1>eNNe keNattulerindu karuppu tiravam piicciyaTiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A black liquid jetted out from the oil-well.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kakku)</font> 3 tr <br> spew or spout out, as smoke, flames or lave; throw up or out<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda erimale neruppe kakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The volcano jetted out flames (fire).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jettison</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkiyeri)</font> 2b tr <br> throw away, as goods, burden, etc.; get rid of or abandon, as principles, ideals, friends, etc.; throw overboard<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>paTahu amungradu; oru muuTTeye tuukkiyeri!</font><br> <font size=+1>The boat is sinking; (we need to) jettison some stuff!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odariTu)</font> 4 tr <br> throw or shake off, as principles, etc.; abandon or get rid of, as ideals, friendship, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanukku adu vasadiyaa illeeNNaa, avan on kaadaleyum odariTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>If it isn't convenient for him, he'll jettison your love, too.</font><br> 1) (tuukki eri) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jibe (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be in accord or agreement (with)<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The statement about the shooting doesn't jibe with the true facts.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jiggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> shake, as a tree, a branch, etc.; sway, as a train, a cable car, etc.; rock, as a boat, a raft, etc.; swing, as a cradle, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The baby was jiggling and bouncing in my lap and I couldn't read the directions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> rock, as a baby up and down playfully; cause to move, as a swing; rock, as a cradle; dandle<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kozandeye mozangaalmeele veccikkiTTu aaTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She jiggled her baby on her knees.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kulukku)</font> 3 tr <br> shake up and down, as o's shoulders, s.o. else's hand, etc.; rattle, as a toy, a 'hundi' (while collecting donations), etc.; (of vehicles) cause to sway (the passengers)<br> <font size=+1>Jiggle the lock a bit and then maybe the door will open</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kulungu)</font> 3 intr <br> shake, as o's body or parts of the body while laughing or crying; sway, as a bus, a boat, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The spoon began to jiggle in the glass and we knew an earthquake was happening</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jilt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moocam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> deceive or disappoint s.o.; reject or abandon s.o.; throw s.o. over<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTesiyile ava avane moosam senjiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>At last she's jilted him.</font><br> 1) (eemaatt-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odari taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> shake s.o. off; reject, dump, cast aside or abandon s.o.; get rid of<br> , <br> <font size=+1>eppaTiyoo, eppavoo ava avane odari taLLa pooraa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sooner or later, she's going to jilt him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jimmy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) b </B> <font size=+1>(nembi tera)</font> 7 tr <br> force open, as a door, window, etc. with an iron-rod, a crow-bar, etc.<br> b <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo inda kadave gaTappaareyaale nembi terandirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some unknown persons have jimmied open the door with a crow bar.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jingle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kulungu)</font> 3 intr <br> tinkle; make a light ringing sound, as bangles, anklets, little bells, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vaLeyal kulungicci</font><br> <font size=+1>Her bangles jingled.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kulunga seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to jingle, as an anklet, a bangle, little bells, coins, etc.<br> <font size=+1>As he walked, his keys and coins jingled in his pocket</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jinx</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuniyam paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> work witchcraft, as against s.o.; put a hex or a curse on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku yaaroo suuniyam paNNiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody has jinxed him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suuniyam vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> bury or hide bewitched articles, for the injury of s.o., for the ruin of a house, family, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda viiTTukku yaaroo suuniyam veccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody has jinxed that house [by burying bewitched articles on the property]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jockey o.s. into s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nozenjukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> trick or maneuver o.s. into, as a post, position or office; manipulate, engineer, elbow, insinuate, ingratiate, wheedle, coax, cajole; (inf.) finagle<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan anda kampeni talaivar padaviyile nozenjikkuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He'll jockey himself into the post of the president of the company, you'll see.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLeccu piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> maneuver o.s. into, as power, an office, position or post; use trickery to get o.s. into, as a job, an office or post<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda adiharatte vaLecci piTicikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jockeyed himself into power</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jog</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of vehicles like carts, buses, etc.) shake or move s.o., s.t. up and down<br> <font size=+1>When those horse carts get going, they really jog you up and down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> hit against; knock slightly with the arm, hand, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan ezudikkiTTirundappa, ava avan kaiye taTTiviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>She (accidentally) jogged his arm when he was writing.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaagging poo)</font> 3b intr <br> run for exercise (usu. at a leisurely pace)<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avan denamum kaaleyile jaagging pooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jogs (goes jogging) daily every morning.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaakking paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> run in place; practise jogging in a particular place without covering ground<br> <font size=+1>When you get to the red light at the corner, just jog in place until the light changes</font><br> 1) (iTicc-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jog along</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTi asenjukiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of vehicles and of animals like bullocks, horses, etc.) move unsteadily and slowly<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maaTTu vaNTi aaTi asenjikiTTu poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The bullock cart jogged slowly along.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTikkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of business, etc.) run at a slow but steady pace; (of life) move along uneventfully<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vyaabaaram appaTiyee ooTikkiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His business jogs along as usual</font><br> 1) (pooy-kiTTiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>joggle</b></font><br> cause s.o. or s.t. to move slightly; cause s.o. to remember s.t.<br> <font size=+1>If I forget, will you jog(gle) my memory for me?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>join</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put together, unite, integrate; hook together<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda eendaratte ooTTa pala paahangaLe vaangi poruttuneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I had to buy several spare parts and join them together in order to run that machine</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring together, as hands in greeting; clasp<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaikuuppi punnaheyooTa vaNakkam sollaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should greet a person with your hands joined and a smile on your face.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> combine, join, join forces; merge<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanittaniyaa seyalpaTTu vanda tamiz manrangaLe oNNaa seettadu pramaadamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>it's great that the two Tamil associations which were functioning independently have now joined forces</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> link, fit, or sew together; build s.t. by joining wood<br> <br> <font size=+1>naalu marac caTTangaLe oNNaa muuTTi inda kaTTule senju muTicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I constructed this cot by joining together the four wooden planks in the proper order</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> couple together; unite; connect, link or combine, as points, cities, batteries, wires, etc. together<br> <br> <font size=+1>puujaari aaNeyum poNNeyum tirumaNattule eNeccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The priest joined the man and woman in matrimony.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> join together, unite; fit, connect<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adunga reNTum oNNooTa oNNu sariyaa irukkudaa appaTiNNu poruttipaatteen. aanaa adu reNTum sariyaa ille</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to join the two together and make them fit, but for some reason it didn't work out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> (of brooks, rivers, streams, etc.) run into contact; (of paths, streets, roads, etc.) meet together, meet up<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu terunga enge seerradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where do those two streets join?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring wood together; make s.t. of wood; attach things<br> <br> <font size=+1>naalu mara caTTangaLe oNNaa muTTunaa oru kaTTulu seyyalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>if you can join together four thick wooden sticks you can make a cot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(seettu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to be united, as man and wife; bring together, as a man and a woman in marriage, or people together<br> <font size=+1>They were joined in holy matrimony 50 years ago this month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>join (forces)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> join together; unite; get together<br> <br> <font size=+1>tozilaaLinge ellaarum oNNu seerndu poorkoral ezuppinaange</font><br> <font size=+1>All the employees joined forces and protested</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>join (together)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 2 intr <br> unite, form an alliance, coalesce<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla koLhe irukkra kaccinga eNeyuradu naaTTukku nalladu seyyum</font><br> <font size=+1>it would benefit the country if the decent political parties joined together in an alliance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>join in (with s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalandu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1intr <br> participate; take part, as in s.t. with s.o.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vaanga, naama ellaarum kalandukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Come on, let's all join in.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>join together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> unite; coalesce<br> <br> <font size=+1>oNNupaTTu seyalpaTTaa veele sulabamaayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The job will be easier if we join hands and work together</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNuseeru)</font> 2 intr <br> unite, combine, form an alliance, ally o.s.<br> . . . . . . . <br> <font size=+1>ti.mu.ka.vum ma.ti.mu.ka.vum onnaaseendu tamiz naaTTukkaaha paaTupaTuvadu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>it would be nice if the DMK and MDMK parties could join together and work for the betterment of Tamilnadu</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>join up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seenjukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> hitch up; become a member, as of a group, a team, etc.<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>airooppaave paakkaNum-NNaa oTanee seendukkoonga.</font><br> <font size=+1>Join up at once if you want to see Europe.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(raaNuvattle seendukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> enlist o.s. in the military service<br> <font size=+1>He joined up in 1944 and saw the end of the war in Europe</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>join with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTa seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> associate with as partner; enter or begin a partnership<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kaNNan pudusaa oru tozil aarambiccirukkaan. niiyum kuuTaseendu tozil senjaa adu unakku balan kuTukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Mr.Kannan has started a new business. If you join with him in a partnership that will certainly benefit you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>join with s.o. in s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seendu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> ally o.s. with s.o. in s.t.; participate or take part with s.o. in s.t.; join forces with s.o.<br> ( ) (j ) <br> <font size=+1>enga uurukku rooTu pooTradule aTutta uur janangaLum engaLooTa seendukiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people of the next village joined with us in laying a road for our village.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>joke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tamaash paNNu)</font> 3b tr <br> act or speak in a joking or playful manner<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>naan sonnade nii siiriyasaa eTuttukkiTTee; naan summaa tamaasha paNNeen</font><br> <font size=+1>You took what I said seriously; (but) I was only joking.</font><br> 1) (tamaashukku sollu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) j </B> <font size=+1>(jook aTi)</font> 6bi <br> crack jokes<br> j <br> <font size=+1>ava eppavum jook aTiccikkiTTee iruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's always cracking jokes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>joke with s.o. about s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tamaasha paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> say s.t. in fun; speak about s.t. in a playful or joking manner with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasiyale patti avankiTTe tamaasha paNNaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't joke with him about politics.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jolly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kushippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. pleased or happy enough to do s.t.; talk s.o. into doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne gushi-paTutti konjam viski kuTikkaveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jollied me into drinking some whiskey.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jolly along</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kushipaNNikkiTTee poo)</font> 3b intr <br> keep s.o. happy or pleased regularly; keep s.o.'s spirits up by jokes and other lighthearted banter<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan manevi oru nooyaaLi; avan avaLe kushipaNNikkiTTee pooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>His wife's health is not well; (but) he jollies her along.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jolly, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaaliyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be gay or merry, as a person; be cheerful or joyous, as laughter, life, etc.; be nice or pleasant, as season, holiday, etc.<br> <font size=+1>He's a very jolly fellow, if you get my meaning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jolt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adircci kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> give a shock to; cause to be shocked psychologically<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tarkole enakku adircci kuTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The news that he was murdered jolted me out of my stupor</font><br> 1) (ulukki eTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kulukki eTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of vehicles) shake up or jiggle<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda bas engaLe kulukkiyeTuttuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bus jolted us all over the place.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ulukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shake up roughly, as the body, bones, etc.; shock mentally<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda seydi enne ulukkiTTadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>The news jolted me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jolt along</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kulungikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of bus, car, etc.) jerk along; go with jerking motion<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda laari anda maleppaadeyile kulungikkiTTu poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The lorry (truck) jolted along the mountain path.</font><br> 1) (aaTikkiTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>josh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> kid, chafe; vex; tease playfully; banter.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>summaa ongaLe siiNTikiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm just joshing you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jostle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b tr <br> push, bump or knock against s.o. or s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een enne ippaTi iTikkree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you jostling me like this?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukku)</font> 3 tr <br> press; exert pressure upon; squeeze; push against<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nerukkaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't jostle (me)!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukki taLLu)</font> 3a tr <br> drive by shoving; force by pressing or pushing<br> <font size=+1>In order to get on the busses in Chennai, you have to literally push, shove and jostle your way in, or you won't make it. </font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> push, drive or shove against s.o. or s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>enne taLLaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't jostle me!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jot (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuriccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> note or write down quickly or briefly<br> x ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naan avaLooTa TeLifoon nambare kuriccikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I jotted down her telephone number.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuriccuvayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> note or write down, as an address, an anecdote, a joke, etc. for future reference or use<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vilaasatte kuricciveyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Jot down his address.</font><br> 1) (ezudi vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> record, write or take down quickly or briefly<br> b ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda poliiskaarar en skuuTTar nambare ezudikkiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The policeman jotted down the number of my scooter.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>journey</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(prayaaNam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> make a travel or journey<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava olaham puuraavum prayaaNam senjirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's journeyed all over the world.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>judge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> estimate; make a guess or estimate about<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan peecce veccikkiTTu avane madippiTa muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>One shouldn't judge him by his words.</font><br> 1)j j (jaTj paNNu) 3b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirmaani)</font> 6b tr <br> decide; form an opinion or judgment upon or of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naavalooTa kavare paattu tiirmaanikka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't judge a book by its cover. [You can't judge the novel by looking at its cover.]</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (vesaarane seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (tiirmaanam seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(visaari)</font> 6b tr <br> try or hear, as a law case<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>yaar en keese visaarikkappooraar-NNu enakku teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know who's going to [be the] judge [in] my case.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> decide after consideration; think carefully about s.t.; award or grant judicially<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi seyradu nalladu daanaa appaTiiNNu nallaa yoosiccu muTivuseyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Give it careful consideration and thought and then decide whether this will benefit you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>juggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seppiTu vitte seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> practice sleight of hand; practise legerdemain; conjure, prestidigitate, trick<br> <br> <font size=+1>seppiTu vitte seyya payirci teeve</font><br> <font size=+1>Practice is needed to juggle well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> alter or change, as figures, accounts, statistical data, etc.; manipulate records so as to misrepresent facts, figures, etc.; cook the books; fudge the records; keep duplicate records or accounts; bo<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaNakkungaLe tiruttiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He juggled the accounts and cooked the books</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) j </B> <font size=+1>(jakkiL paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> play feats or tricks (with balls, rings, etc.) as a juggler does; toss and keep in the air multiple objects<br> <font size=+1>I once learned to juggle, but I haven't practiced lately</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> play, as with words; manipulate words so as to manipulate meaning<br> ( ) ; <br> <font size=+1>anda peeccaaLar vaarttangaLooTa vieLeyaaTraar; avar enna solraar-ngradu avarukkee teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The speaker juggles with words; he himself doesn't know what he says [means].</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>juice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saareTu)</font> 6 tr <br> extract juice, as from fruits, vegetables, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>inda aarangilerundu saareTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to juice these oranges</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saarupizi)</font> 2b tr <br> squeeze or press out juice from, as oranges, lemons, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava elumiccam pazatte saaru pizinjikiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was juicing a lemon.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> muddle; confuse, as o's thoughts, ideas, etc.; (inf.) mess s.o. up<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>summaa iru! on peeccu en sindanegaLe kuzappiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't talk! Your talking will jumble my thoughts.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraa kala)</font> 7 tr <br> mix in a confused manner; put together in a disorderly way; throw together without order<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan avanooTa tuNingaLe taarumaaraa kalandu paiyile tiNiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jumbled his clothes together and stuffed them into the bag.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraa pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> throw or put together without order; disarrange, disorganize, disorder, dishevel, muddle, confuse, tangle, shuffle, mix, mix up, mingle, put in disarray, make a shambles of, throw into chaos<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>een on pustahangaLe ippaTi taarumaaraa pooTTu vekkare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you keep your books all jumbled together like this?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraa koTTi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> pile or heap together in disorder; disarrange, disorganize, disorder, dishevel, muddle, confuse, tangle, shuffle, mix, mix up, mingle, put in disarray, make a shambles of, throw into chaos; mess up<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>yaar ingee inda pazeya pattrikkangaLe taarumaaraa koTTiveccadu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who jumbled up all the old newspapers like this?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jumbled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraa kalandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be mixed in a confused or disorderly way; be messed up<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava areyile ellaa saamaangaLum taarumaaraa kalandirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everything was jumbled up together in her room.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( ) b </B> <font size=+1>((taarumaaraa) kozambi keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> (of thoughts, etc.) be muddled or confused; be disrupted or disorderly<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>en sindaneha (taarumaara) kozambi keTandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>My thoughts were all jumbled up.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jump</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kudiccezu)</font> 2 intr <br> leap up; be enthusiastic and start doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>seydiye keeTadum avan mahizccile kudiccezundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he heard the news, he jumped for joy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eerippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of prices, etc.) rise suddenly or abruptly; skyrocket<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelattu vele eeri poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The price of land (has) jumped.</font><br> 1) (ooTi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTukkiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of heart, persons or animals) start with fear or shock; be startled or alarmed; shudder<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tuppaakki sattatte keeTTadum naan tiTukkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I heard the sound of the gun, I jumped.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLikkudi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of heart) leap, as with joy; (of deer, lamb, etc. and children) trip or frisk along; (of persons) leap or spring, as with joy, pleasure, happiness, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava uLLee vandadum, avan tuLLikkudiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When she came in, he jumped for joy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of heart) leap, as with joy; (of deer, lamb, etc. and children) hop, skip; trip along<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava manasu sandooshattaale tuLLicci</font><br> <font size=+1>Her heart jumped for joy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kudi)</font> 6b intr <br> leap, spring, skip; leap, vault, bound, hop, bounce<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda poNNu marattulerundu kiizee kudikka pooraa</font><br> <font size=+1>The girl's going to jump down from the tree.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(taavi paayi)</font> 2b intr NP + ~meel~ <br> spring upon; attack, as from an ambush; fall upon<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan ava meele (enmeele) taavi paanjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jumped her (me).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTikkudi)</font> 6b tr <br> vault over, pass over by jumping; leap, vault, or spring over, as a fence, a gate, a wall, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan anda sovatte (sovare) taaNTi kudicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I jumped (over) the wall.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTu)</font> 3at <br> leap across; step over or cross, as a ditch, a puddle, a stone in the path, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda saakkadeye taaNTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She jumped [over] the ditch.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTi kudikka seyyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to jump or leap over;<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kudire ava anda ooTeye taaNTi kudikka senjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She jumped the horse over the brook. (She caused the horse to jump over the brook.)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jump (onto)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaviyeeru)</font> 3 intr + noun + ~il~ <br> board in a hurry; hop, as a bus, a train, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paiyan ooTivandu bassile (basle) taaviyeerinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The boy came running and jumped onto the bus.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jump (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kudiccezu)</font> 2 intr <br> leap up; spring; bound up or back<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa ammaave paatta acciriyattule kudiccezundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She jumped up in surprise on seeing her mother.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jump at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept eagerly; seize quickly, as a chance, an opportunity, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>sulabamaa paNam paNra caanse avan piTiccikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jumped at the chance of making easy money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept readily or eagerly; agree with alacrity<br> ... .<br> <font size=+1>...avan eettukkiTTaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>When I suggested he come for a visit, he jumped at the chance.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jump from s.t. to s.t. else</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taavu)</font> 3intr+x-~iliruntu~ <br> pass quickly or abruptly, as from one matter to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppavum oru vishayatlerundu innoru vishayattukku taavuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's always jumping from one subject to another.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jump into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taavu)</font> 3intr+dat+~u9~ <br> get in quickly; hop, as into a car, a train, a taxi, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan anda TaaksikkuLLe taavinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jumped into the taxi.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jump on, upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paayi)</font> 2b intr + _ + ~meel~ <br> spring on; blame, scold or rebuke<br> , <br> <font size=+1>neettu naan aafiisileirundu leeTTaa viiTTukku tirumbiya poodu en manevi enmeele paanjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>When I came back late from the office yesterday, my wife jumped all over me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jump over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTi kudi)</font> 6b tr <br> pass over by jumping; leap or spring over, as a fence, a wall, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda ooTeye taaNTi kudiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He jumped over the stream.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>junk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaziccukkaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> discard or get rid of, as useless things or persons; reject or leave, as refuse<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>adu edukkum laayakkille; ade kaziccikkaTradudaan nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's good for nothing; it's better to junk it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>just, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaayamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fair, rational or reasonable; (of persons) be fair-minded or upright<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>nii nyaayamaa irukkaNum (naTakkaNum)</font><br> <font size=+1>You must be (behave) justly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be right or fair; be in accordance with principles of justice or morality<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku neenda saavu sariyaana parisu</font><br> <font size=+1>The death he met with [the death that happened to him] is only just.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>justify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> prove right or just, as an act, a statement, a tax, etc.; defend as right or just<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda kaaraNamum avan naTatteye nyaaya-paTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>No reason can justify his conduct (behavior).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNam sollu @(Nc tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> ascribe as a reason; attribute; offer as an excuse<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinga neettu veelekki varaadadukku sariyaana kaaraNam sollunga. appuram adepatti ezudikuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>First of all you need to adequately justify your absence from work yesterday. Then you can put it in writing for good measure</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaayamNNu niruubi)</font> 6b tr <br> prove s.t. to be just, right or reasonable; claim s.t. to be justified<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTesile tamiz pulinga bayangravaadatte nyaayamNNu niruubikka aarambiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Eventually the Tamil Tigers began to justify terrorist tactics.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyNNu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show s.t. to be right, proper or appropriate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan senja koleye sari-NNu kaaTTa muTiyalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>It may be possible to justify the murder he committed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>jut (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTikkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> stick out; stand out; project<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda nelattule nereya kallunga veLiyee niiTTikkiTTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>In that area, many rocks were jutting out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>juxtapose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkattule vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> arrange together, put side by side, join together<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda reNTu pommengaLeyum oNNaa pakkattule vacci azahu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how beautiful these two dolls are when you juxtapose them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keel (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaviz)</font> 2 intr <br> (of boats, ships, trains, trucks, cars, etc.) capsize; turn over; fall sideways<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu oru paTahu kavindadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday a ship keeled over and capsized.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(polambu)</font> 3ai <br> bewail; lament; cry out<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleylerundu ava polambikiTTeeyirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She has been keening and wailing since morning.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaari vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> wail in lamentation of the dead; bewail the death of s.o.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avar settuTTaarNNu {\d d}aakTar sonnadum, paaTTi modale oppaari vekka aarambiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the doctor said that he'd passed away, the grandmother was the first to began to keen and wail.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaduhaattu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> preserve; conserve; hang or hold on to; be a pack-rat<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu pazeya saamaangaLe een paaduhaattu vaccirukkee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why have you kept such old stuff?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> look after; keep an eye on; take care of; look out for<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda eTatte konjam paattukkoonga; naan oru nimishatle tirumbi vanduTreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Please keep (an eye on) this seat for me; I'll be back in a moment.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> detain or delay, as a person<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naan onne (romba) adiha neeram niruttivekka pooradille</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm not going to keep you for a long time.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vacciru)</font> 7 tr <br> have or own, as a house, a car, etc.; have or employ, as servants, etc.; own and look after for profit, as cows, chickens, etc; run or maintain, as a shop, etc.; carry or offer for sale regularly, as<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe veccirukkaan (veccikkiTTirukkaan)-ngreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I say he keeps her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> continue to vb.; stay or bear in a certain direction<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>indiyaavile vaahananga eTadupakkamaa poohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>In India, vehicles must keep to the left.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put or place, as s.t. valuable safely; put, as s.o. in prison or in custody; maintain, as accounts<br> , ?<br> <font size=+1>nii ellaa selavukkum kaNakku vekkaNum, terinjadaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>You should (must) keep accounts of all expenses, do you understand?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be; remain or continue to remain as specified; remain fresh or fit to eat, as food, vegetables, meat, etc.; be, as in a state of health or otherwise<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda saappaaTu keTaame irukkumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Will this food keep?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(vaccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> maintain; have s.t. without the need for returning; hold s.t. as o's own; have the use of s.t. for a specified time or temporarily;<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava selavu seyra paNattukku kaNakku veccikkraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She keeps accounts of the money she spends.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep to oneself</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ?)</B> <font size=+1>(odungiyee iru (taniyaa iru?))</font> 7 intr <br> remain alone; be unwilling to move with others<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>ava yaarkuuTavum pazahuradille; odungiyee irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She keeps to herself.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep (safe)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> support or provide the livelihood of, as a family, a relative, etc.; fulfil, as o's word or promise; protect or guard<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTavuL onne kaappaattuvaaraaha</font><br> <font size=+1>May God keep you safe</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTaappiTiyaaha seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> persist in a task; continue to work at s.t. without break; keep o's nose to the grindstone; work uninterruptedly<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veele kashTamaanadudaan-NNaalum avan ade viTaappiTiyaa senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Even though the work was difficult, he kept at it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep at s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTappiTiyaa seyya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to persist in a task; make s.o. work at s.t. persistently; stand over s.o. to control behavior; breathe down s.o.'s neck<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda veeleye muTikkravarekkum avane ava viTaappiTiyaa ade seyyaveccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She kept at him until he finished the job.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep away (from)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prevent s.o. from performing some action; prevent s.o. from coming or going near to s.t.<br> <font size=+1>We have to try to keep him away from the booze, or he'll get roaring drunk</font><br> 1) (velahi-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odukku)</font> 3 tr <br> avoid or eschew, as bad company, drugs, etc.; distance o.s. from s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan boode marundugaLe odukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>He must keep away from narcotic drugs.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(varaamae irunduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> avoid coming; stay away<br> <br> <font size=+1>idukku varaame irunduTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't keep away from this.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(odungiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> stay away; avoid; avoid going or coming near s.t or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>neruppeviTTu velahi iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep away from the fire.</font><br> 1) (poohaame irunduTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> restrain, as tears, etc.; control, suppress or stifle, as a yawn, a sob, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan koTTaaviye aTakkikka paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to keep back his yawn.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sollaame iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be or keep silent about s.t.; not disclose, reveal or tell, as a secret, a fact, a detail, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan edeyoo sollaame irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's keeping something back.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuvaccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> withhold or retain, as some items before distribution, etc.; take s.t. for o.s. before handing out, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan konjam caakkaleeTTungaLe eTuttuveccikkiTTu miccatte ellaarukkum kuTuttuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I kept some chocolates back and gave the rest away to everybody.</font><br> 1) (naharu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaale varaame taTuttu niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> prevent or stop advancing; restrain or hold back from moving forward<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>pooliisaar anda gumbale munnaale varaame taTuttu niruttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police kept the crowd back.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (imperative only:) step back; back away; back off, stand back!<br> ( ) ( )!<br> <font size=+1>taLLi poo (taLLu) (naharu)!</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep back!</font><br> 1) (taLLu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(nirutti vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.o. to stay on or back; cause s.o. to remain after the working hours<br> j ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum poonappuram meeneejar avane niruttivecci areTTeyaTikka aarambiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>After everybody had left, the manager kept him back and began to gossip.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep clear of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odungiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> keep away or at a distance from; put some distance between o.s. and others; retreat from; pull back from<br> j <br> <font size=+1>vaajpaay siikkaramee arasiyallerundu odungiTuvaaruNNu enakku toonudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I feel that Vajpayee will retire from politics soon.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep custody of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaavalevayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> imprison, detain<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu kaidusenja arasiyal kaidinga ellaam jeyille kaavalule vekkappaTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All those political prisoners arrested yesterday are being kept in custody, in the jail</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> oppress or keep (people) under control; cf. also crush, quell, squash, stamp out, extinguish, put out, crack down on, clamp down on<br> j ( ) <br> <font size=+1>janangaLe (makkaLe) aTakkivekkradudaan oru sarvaadihaariyooTa modal veele</font><br> <font size=+1>The first job of a dictator is to keep the people down.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koreccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cut down, as expenses, etc.; lower, as overheads, etc.; economize<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naama selave koreccikkaNum (korekkaNum)</font><br> <font size=+1>We must keep expenses down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaandiyeTukkaame iru)</font> 7 tr <br> refrain from vomit or throwing up, as food or drink<br> <font size=+1>He's having a hard time keeping foods down, even water.</font><br> 1) (nasukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hold in check or prevent from increasing, as population, locusts, flies, mosquitoes, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kosuvungaLe kaTTuppaTuttra vazi enna?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's the [best] way to keep mosquitoes down?</font><br> 1) (kore) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> shut in or confine; cause to stay in<br> <br> <font size=+1>naalu maNi neeram penja maze engaLe viiTTukkuLLee aTeccuvaccuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain that poured down for four hours kept us in.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep in with (s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sneehamaa iru)</font> 7 intr + NP ~oo8u~ o <br> be or remain friendly with; hunt with the hounds and run with the foxes; be/stay on good terms with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>akkam pakkattaarooTa ava sneehamaa irukka paakkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tries to keep on good terms with everybody.</font><br> 1) (nalla urvooTiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep in/under (cover)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viiTTukkuLLeeyee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> remain within the house, home; stay indoors in order not to show o.s.; keep under wraps; remain in seclusion<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLiyee tale kaaTTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't show yourself; keep under cover</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep o.s. from doing s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> check or control o.s. from laughing, weeping, crying, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aattram varrade ennaale aTakkikka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't keep myself from getting angry.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahiyirukka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to remain at a distance; cause to stay away or stay off<br> , <br> <font size=+1>Putting up a written warning is not enough to make people keep off the grass.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> remain or stay at a distance; keep away<br> ( ) !<br> <font size=+1>kiTTe varaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't come near! Keep off!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleyle veccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> continue to have s.o. in employment; maintain<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii eppaTi muuNu veelekkaarangaLe toTandu veeleyle vaccukkaree?</font><br> <font size=+1>How do you [manage to] keep three servants on?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattukkiTTu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> continue to have; continue to do s.t.; go on doing s.t.; persist in doing s.t.<br> , ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ingeeyee kaattukkiTTu iru, edaavadu oru bas eppavaavadu varum</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep on waiting here; some bus may come some time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep on about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peesikkiTTeeyiru)</font> 7 intr+acc+ ~pa66i~ <br> talk continuously or tirelessly about s.t.; go on and on about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar epavum paNa viikkatte pattiyee peesikkiTTeeyiruppaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He keeps on talking about inflation. [He goes on and on about inflation.]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep on at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaricceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> nag or worry (s.o.) with repeated requests; ask repeatedly<br> ( ) ( )<br> <font size=+1>en poNNu (maha) or kalar Tiivii vaangittara solli enne aricceTukkraa (arikkraa)</font><br> <font size=+1>My daughter keeps on at me to buy her a color t.v.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aruttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bore or talk to s.o. continuously<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe maaTTikkaadee; avan onne arutteTuttuTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't let him catch you; he'll keep on at you [about something]</font><br> 1) (ari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep one's head above water</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTan paTaame iru)</font> 7 intr <br> keep out of debt; keep solvent; live within o's own income<br> <font size=+1>Throughout the depression, he kept his head above water by working two jobs and running the farm</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLiccu kiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> barely avoid being swamped by work<br> <font size=+1>I'm keeping my head above water here, but there are days when I feel swamped</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLee varaame taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prevent s.o. or s.t. from entering; cause s.o. to stay out<br> j ; <br> <font size=+1>inda jannalukku oru tireye pooTu; adu suuriya veLiccam uLLee varaame taTukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Install a curtain at this window; it'll keep out the sunlight</font><br> 1) (uLLee nozeyaame taTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep out of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prevent, hinder or obstruct; exclude<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>namma tozirccaaleyile vibattunga naTakkaame taTukka naama enna seyyalaam?</font><br> <font size=+1>What shall we do to keep accidents out of our factory premises?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTikkiTaame iru)</font> 7 intr <br> not get mixed up, as in a quarrel, a trouble, a row, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Try to keep out of trouble.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep s.o. from doing s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prevent s.o. from doing s.t.; check; hinder; detain<br> <br> <font size=+1>naam avane kavide ezudaame taTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We must keep him from writing poetry.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep s.t. on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNeyaame paattukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> keep (a fire, a lamp) burning<br> !<br> <font size=+1>veLakke aNeyaame paattukkoo!</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep the light on!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep s.t. to oneself</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manasule vaccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> not pass on or reveal, as a secret, a piece of news, etc.; keep (a secret, etc.) without disclosing or passing on to others<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>ide yaarkiTTeyum sollaadee; manasule vaccukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't tell this to anyone--keep it to yourself.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go or move in a certain direction; bear in a certain direction<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep to the right when you get to the crossroads.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr+noun+~il~ <br> stay or remain, as in o's room, bed, etc.<br> ' ; ' <br> <font size=+1>`on ruumleyee iru; veLiyee varaadee'-NNu appaa avar mahakiTTe sonnaaru.</font><br> <font size=+1>'Keep to your room and don't come out,' said the father to his daughter.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(velahaame iru)</font> 7i with acc.+~vi88u~ <br> adhere to, as a subject; limit o.s. to, as to a theme, etc.; stick to the point<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaTTure anda vishayatte viTTu velahaame irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The essay keeps to the theme (subject).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep track of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(selave tohu)</font> 6 intr <br> make a running list or catalogue of; maintain good records for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nammaLooTe selave tohukkradu nalla pazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>Keeping regular track of one's expenses is a good habit.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep under/down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTimeppaTutti vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> hold in subjugation; keep s.o. enslaved; suppress; oppress; keep down<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda teeyile tooTTattu modalaaLi ellaa kuuliyaaLungaLeyum aTimeppaTutti veccirukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The owner of that tea estate keeps all the coolies under.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> control, as fire, etc.; keep in check, as feelings, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeraaseye kaTTuppaTuttaradu kashtam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's hard to keep greed under [control]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nallaa vaccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> maintain or keep s.t. in good condition<br> (~ x ~) <br> <font size=+1>(more condext) ava anda periya tooTTatte nallaa veccikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>(After her father's death etc.) She kept up the large farm.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTaame toTandu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> continue to do s.t.; persist in doing or performing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veeleye naan ippaTiyee viTaame toTandu seyya muTiyumNNu enakku tooNalle</font><br> <font size=+1>It doesn't seem to me that I can keep up [with] the work like this.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koreyaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> remain without falling, as prices, the wind, etc.; remain without decreasing, as enthusiasm, anger, courage, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan urccaaham koreyaame irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His enthusiasm kept up.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(appaTiyee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> remain the same; continue or persist without change<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa tiiviram appiTiyee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His intensity keeps up.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandu kaTeppiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> continue to observe, as customs, rites, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people in rural areas still keep up the practice of untouchability.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(koreyaame paattukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> maintain without a fall or decrease, as standard, quality, quantity, pace, amount, production, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paalooTa taram koreyaame paattukkuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He'll keep up the quality of the milk.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep up (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> oppose with an equal force, etc.; answer in kind; keep pace with<br> <br> <font size=+1>raguvooTa veehattukku ennaale iiTu kuTukka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I could not keep up with Raghu's speed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>keep up on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terinju vaccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> keep o.s. informed; keep familiar, as with world events, current affairs, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He reads a lot in order to keep up on management techniques.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>key</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattiyame)</font> 6b tr <br> attune or tailor s.t. to s.t. else; make purposeful changes or alterations, as in a plant, a factory, an instrument, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda amaiccar anda graamattooTa nelemekki takkabaTi tan peecce maattiyameccukkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>This Minister keyed his speech to the condition of that village.</font><br> 1) (srudi kuuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>key up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLarcci uuTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat. <br> cause to be excited or elated; cause to be in high spirits; get wound up about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The thought that he was going to interview a movie actress for the first time keyed him up.</font><br> 1) (tuuNTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padaTTam aTeya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause s.o. to be tense or anxious; get s.o. worked up about s.t.; fire s.o. up<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The announcement of election results keys many of candidates up.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ode)</font> 6b tr <br> strike with the foot, assault, attack<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliiskaarar tiruTTukkuttam senjavane tannooTa kaalaale eTTi odeccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>the policeman deliberately kicked the thief</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ode)</font> 6b tr <br> strike with the foot; hit with the foot<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda pande eTTi odeccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He kicked the ball.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi odeccu pooTu @(sh tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> move, propel or force by kicking; attain s.t. by propelling with the foot<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eTTi odecci oru gool pooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He kicked a goal.</font><br> 1) (eTTi ode) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eduttu taakku)</font> 3 tr & intr <br> recoil or strike by recoiling, as a gun, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I wasn't expecting it to kick me in the shoulder like that.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kudi)</font> 6b intr <br> jump or leap, as in protest, objection or disapproval; protest or object<br> , <br> <font size=+1>veele paakkumboodu peesinaa modalaaLi kudippaar</font><br> <font size=+1>If you talk while working, the proprietor (boss) will kick up a fuss.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizundu keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> be lying around; lie unnoticed or forgotten<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>anda pazeya tiruppuLiyaa? adu ingedaan engeyaavadu vizundu keTakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>That old screw driver? It must be kicking about somewhere here.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick against/at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edir)</font> 6 tr <br> oppose, object or resist; get o's back up about s.t.; drag o's feet about<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNmeye solrade nii edukka kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You mustn't kick against telling the truth.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peesu)</font> 3 tr + acc + ~pa66i~ <br> talk about, discuss or consider, as a plan, an idea, etc.; kick s.t. around; run s.t. up the flagpole and see if it flutters<br> ( )?<br> <font size=+1>ippa naama inda pudu tiTTatteppatti peesuvoomaa (peesalaamaa)?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we kick this new plan around for a while?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(adihaaram paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> pick on s.o.; order s.o. about; give orders needlessly; abuse; beat up on, mistreat<br> @1.@ . @1.@ , d .<br> <font size=+1>1. ava eppovum enne adihaaram paNNikkiTTee irukkaa n. adukku pinnaale, riccarT niksane adihaaram paNNamuTiyaadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>1. She's always kicking me around. 2. After that, they didn't have Richard Nixon to kick around any more.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give back (a part of profit, commission, etc.) as a result of an understanding;<br> ( ) ; ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda kaTTaTa kaanTreekTe onakku naan vaangittarreen; keTekkira laabattle pattu parsenT enakku taLLiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll get you the building contract; you must kick back ten percent of the profit made.</font><br> 1) (veTT-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ooyveTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take rest; take a break<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>??naama toTandu aaru maNi neeram veele senjukkiTTirukkoom; oru kaal maN neeram naama oyvu eTukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We've been working continuously for six hours; let's just kick back for a quarter of an hour.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put in, subscribe or contribute, as o's share in money<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naan en sheeraa (pangaa) aayiram pooTreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll kick in a thousand as my share.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarambi)</font> 6b tr <br> begin; commence or start; inaugurate<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma sanga aaNTu vizaave inda taTave oru periya virundooTe aarambikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We must kick off the anniversary of our club with a big party this time.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aarambiccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> initiate, begin or set going; inaugurate<br> <br> <font size=+1>The Chief Minister himself is to kick off the election campaign.</font><br> 1) (toTangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odecci taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> dismiss or oust s.o., as from an office, etc.; remove s.o. by kicking; boot out; get rid of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan anda kaavalkaarane veeleyeviTTu odecci taLLiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've kicked out the watchman</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick the bucket</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(settuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> die; pass away (colloq.); kick off<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tuukkatleeyee settu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He kicked the bucket in his sleep.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kick up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(katti rahaLe paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a fuss, disturbance, row; object to s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inge nii katti rahaLe paNNaa, onne odecci veLiyee taLLiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If you kick up a fuss, you'll be kicked out (they'll kick you out).</font><br> 1) (katti kalaaTTaa paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paasaangu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> pretend or act deceptively in jest; fool around; josh; tease<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku uNmeyaavee aTipaTale; ava summaa paasaangu paNNraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's not really hurt; she's only kidding.</font><br> 1) (tamaashukku paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTTukku seyyi @(nb intr, tr)@)</font> 1 intr, tr <br> do (s.t.) in jest or fun; act in fun or jest; pretend to do s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>uNmeyaavee avaLe naan kiLLale, summaa veLeyaaTTukkuttaan appaTi senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I really didn't pinch her; I only did it in fun (I was only kidding).</font><br> 1) (tamaashukku sollu) 3c tr, intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> play or jest with; fool<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii yaarkiTTe veLeyaaTree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who're you kidding?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTTukku sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> speak or say (s.t.) in jest or fun<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>naan avane uNmeyaavee kolradaa sollale; naan summaa veLayaTTukku sonneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't really [mean to] say I'd kill him; I was only kidding.</font><br> 1) (tamaasha paNNu) 3b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kidnap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTattikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> abduct or carry off s.o. by force or fraud<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>ava taanaa pooyirukka maaTTaa; yaaroo avaLe kaTattikkiTTu pooyirukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>She wouldn't have left by herself; somebody must have kidnapped her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> abduct, carry off, or take away s.o. by force or fraud<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan kozandengaLe kaTattaradille; azahaana poNNungaLettaan kaTattuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He doesn't kidnap children; he kidnaps only beautiful girls (women).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kole seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put to death, murder<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTanunga neettu raattiri nahengaLe pariccikiTTu reNTu poNNungaLe kolesenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>yesterday night, the thieves snatched the jewels the women were wearing, and also killed two of them</font><br> 1) (ozi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> (of cosmetics, etc.) weaken or neutralize, as odor; (of shampoos, etc.) destroy, as lice; (of people) while away, as time<br> <br> <font size=+1>pozude pookka oru pattrikke vaangineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I bought a magazine to kill time.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kole paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> commit murder<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ava kole paNNuvaaNNu yaar neneccirukka muTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who could have thought [imagined] that she would commit murder?</font><br> 1) (saah-aTi) 6b intr<br> 2) (ozi) 6b tr<br> 3) ~(1 )~ (kole seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ? ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(?kollu @(nj intr)@ ??)</font> 1 intr <br> cause to inflict death; terminate life<br> ( ?)<br> <font size=+1>verum kaiyaale naan saahaTippeen (kollamuTiyum?)</font><br> <font size=+1>I can kill with my bare hands.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> spoil, weaken or damage, as the effect, beauty, symmetry, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>nii saappiTTa marundooTa palane sigareT keTutuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Cigarettes will kill the effect of the medicine you've taken.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(saahaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to die; put to death, as people or animals; overwhelm with pain or hurt; do s.o. in<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>en irumal enne saahaTikkidu (kolludu)</font><br> <font size=+1>This cough is killing me</font><br> 1) (ozicc-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(toleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> do away with or get rid of s.o.; bump off; terminate; do s.o. in; off s.o.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan vazikki poohaadee, avan onne tolecciTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't cross his path; he'll kill you.</font><br> 1) (koNNuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(aru)</font> 6 tr <br> slaughter, as goats or chickens for food or for sacrifice; cause to die by cutting the throat<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Animal rights activists have campaigned against the killing of animals for food</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> slaughter, as sheep, bulls, etc. for food; put to death by cutting off the head (of a goat) as a sacrifice<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaLiyamman paNTihe samayatle nereya aaTungaLe veTTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During the festival of Goddess Kali, people kill a lot of goats.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> destroy, as people, animals, plants, flowers, etc.; put an end to, as hopes, desires, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>elingaLe ozicci payirungaLe paaduhaappoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's kill the rats and protect the crops.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (kollu) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(kollu @(nj tr)@??)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to die, as people; deprive of life, as animals, etc.<br> ; , <br> <font size=+1>enkiTTe irukkra paNatteyellaam eTuttukkoo; enne koNNuTaadee, viTTuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Take all the money I have; don't kill me [let me go/spare me].</font><br> 1) (ozi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kill off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aziccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> destroy or exterminate, as animals, people, plants, forests, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda aTemaze ella payireyum azicciTum</font><br> <font size=+1>This incessant rain will kill off all the crops.</font><br> 1) (ozicc-iTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (ozicci kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ? </B> <font size=+1>(?koNNu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> get rid of (people) by killing; exterminate or destroy completely, as animals<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>?oruttan sarvaadihariyaa aanadum seyyaveeNTiya modal kaariyam ellaa arasiyal talevarungaLeyum oziccikkaTTradudaan (koNNu taLLu?)</font><br> <font size=+1>The moment one becomes a dictator the first thing he must do is to kill off all political leaders.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>killed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kole seyyappaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be killed or murdered<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda poorle aayiram peerukku meele kole seyyappaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>More than 1000 people were killed in this war</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kind, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kanivaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be affectionate, loving, tender or gentle<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava eppavum kanivaa iruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is always kind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anbukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> have affection, love or compassion<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Have love for (be kind to) all living beings.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(dayavu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be nice, polite or gracious; be kind-hearted, generous<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>dayavu senji konjam kaafi kuTikkriingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Would you be so kind as to have a cup of coffee with us?</font><br> 1) (dayavu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(anbaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be affectionate, loving or compassionate; be humane or benign<br> <br> <font size=+1>anbaanaa vaarttanga</font><br> <font size=+1>kind words.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kindle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neruppu muuTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> set fire to; ignite; cause to catch fire; inspire or instigate<br> <font size=+1>I've tried to kindle some enthusiasm among the students, but nothing worked.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pattu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of fuel, light, etc.) catch fire or begin to burn<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda verahu sulabamaa pattale</font><br> <font size=+1>That firewood didn't kindle easily.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to burn bright, as an oil lamp; incite, as passions; excite or arouse, as feelings or emotions<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peeccu avaLooTa koobatte tuuNTiTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The things he says kindle her anger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(neruppu piTikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to catch fire, as petrol, fuel, or any inflammable material<br> <font size=+1>If you have some kind of inflammatory device, you can kindle the fire easily</font><br> 1) (eriya seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(patta vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.t. to catch fire; cause s.t. to start to burn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda verahe patta veccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She kindled the firewood.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(keLariTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause (a coal fire) to burn bright by using a poker or tongs; incite, as passions; arouse or stir up, as emotions or feelings<br> <br> <font size=+1>?avarooTa peeccu kuuTTattooTa aaveesatte keLariTTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>His lecture kindled the fury of the audience.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(murukkikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of a rope, wire or chain) form a twist or kink<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kayiru murukkikkiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This rope has gotten kinked.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suruL paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause (hair) to form a tight curl<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava (avaLooTa) muTiye suruLpaNNa paattaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She attempted to give herself a very tight, kinky permanent.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kiss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muttamiTu)</font> 4bt <br> touch with the lips, as in love, affection, etc.; touch or brush gently, as wind, rain, a feather<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The breeze went past, kissing her cheeks.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muttam kuTuttukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of two persons, etc.) touch with the lips; kiss each other<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanum avaLum aTikkaTi muttam kuTuttukkuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They kiss a lot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muttam kuTu)</font> 6 intr + noun + ~il~ <br> imprint a kiss, as on the hand, the cheeks, etc.; give a kiss to; touch with the lips, as in love, affection, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar tan mahaLooTa nettiyle muttam kuTuttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He kissed his daughter's forehead.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knead</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pese)</font> 2b tr <br> work up with the hand, as flour into dough, clay into paste, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda kaLimaNle konjam taNNi uutti peseya aarambiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He poured some water onto the clay and began to knead [it].</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> press or massage, as the body or a part of the body<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ava kaale piTicciviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He kneaded and massaged her legs.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knee</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mozangaalaale iTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hit or strike with the knee<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne en vayittule mozangaalaale iTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He kneed me in the stomach.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>kneel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maNTipooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> fall or rest on the knees or the knee, as in prayer, reverence, submission, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan yaarukkum maNTipooTa maaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He won't kneel down to anybody.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maNTiyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> fall or rest on the knees or the knee, as in prayer, reverence, submission, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>oru jamukkaaLatte viriccu maNTiyiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Spread a carpet and kneel down (on it).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saavumaNi aTi)</font> 6b intr + dat. <br> ring the knell of; toll the death knell of s.t. or s.o.; signify the end or demise of s.t.; peal, chime, sound, resound<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma talevarooTu toolvi namma kaTcikki saavumaNi aTikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our leader's defeat rings the death knell of our party.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knife</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattiyaale kuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stab or strike with a knife<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe ava vayitle kattiyaale kuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He knifed her in the stomach.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to become joined together, as broken bones<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda {\d d}aakTar en murinja elumbe oTTavecciTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor has knitted my broken bones together.</font><br> 1) (oTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neri)</font> 6b tr <br> wrinkle or contract, as o's brows<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan puruvatte nericcaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He knitted his brows.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu ceer)</font> 6 tr <br> unite or join together<br> <br> <font size=+1>oree nookkam palare oNNuseekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>A single purpose [ideal] will knit many people together.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnu)</font> 3 tr <br> make (a fabric, garment, etc.) by looping or weaving on needles<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTTi peettikki oru kullaa pinnikkiTTirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The grandmother is knitting a cap for her grandaughter.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> become joined or united together, as by common principles, by marriage, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kurippiTTa lacciyattaale anda naalu peerum oNNuseendaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Those four persons were knitted together by a particular ideal [goal].</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knit up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinni saripaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> mend or repair by knitting; darn<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda sveTTarooTa kazutte onnaale pinni saripaNNa muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you knit up the neck of this sweater?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pinni muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> complete or finish by knitting; repair a knitted garment<br> <font size=+1>It was Shakespeare's MacBeth who said that it is "sleep that knits up the raveled sleeve of care."</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tap, hit with knuckles, or strike lightly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan viiTTu kadave taTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He knocked on the door of the house</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (moodikkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (moodikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> hit on the head; rap, tap<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNakkule tappu senjaa en vaaddiyaar enne taleyile kuTTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My teacher used to knock me on my head if I make mistakes in calculations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> rap or tap, as at the door, the window, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kadave taTTunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He knocked at the door.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (moodikkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (moodikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTu)</font> 3 intr + dat <br> make a sound, as by rapping on the door, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo taTraanga; pooy kadave tera</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody's knocking; go open the door.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (moodikkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (moodikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(iTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> strike or bump against s.t.; stumble against; trip<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda iruTTule ava kaTTille moodikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She knocked herself against the cot in the dark.</font><br> 1) (moodu) 3 tr<br> 2) (moodu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kore sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> blame, criticize, or carp at; make disparaging remarks about; speak slightingly of; depreciate, scorn; belittle , denigrate, play down, trivialize, make light of, undervalue, underrate; ridicule, der<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku avane piTikkale angaradukkaaha avan naavale kore sollaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't knock his novel because you don't like it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of an engine) make a pounding noise; raise a rattling noise<br> j <br> <font size=+1>en kaar enjin iTikkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The engine of my car knocks.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(aaccariyappaTa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> surprise or astound; impress a lot; throw s.o. for a loop; blow s.o. away; knock s.o.'s socks off<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paTatle avan naTippu enne aaccariyappaTa vekkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>His performance in that film knocked the socks off me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hit or beat s.o.; give a blow or blows to s.o.<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe aTiccippooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He knocked her down.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock (down/over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drive in, as a nail by striking; cause s.t. to slip down, spill over or overturn by striking<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en pensile taTTiviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He knocked my pencil down.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock about, around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti tiri)</font> 2b intr + NP+ ~oo8u~ <br> go around, as with s.o.; hang out with s.o.<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avan avaLooTa sila maasamaa suttikkiTTu tiriyuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's been knocking around with her for some months.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suttiyale)</font> 2b intr <br> travel here and there; wander aimlessly; loiter or loaf<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avar pala taTave indiyaa puuraavum suttiyalenji irukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's knocked around the whole of India many times.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkiTTu tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> wander about; kick about; move from place to place<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava oru maasam bambaayile suttikkiTTu tirinjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was knocking around in Bombay for a month.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koTumeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> maltreat s.o.; treat s.o. cruelly or savagely; beat, strike, hit<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandengaLe koTumappaTutta kuuTaaduNNu naan onkiTTe pala daTave solliTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've told you many times that you mustn't knock the children around</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> guzzle or gulp down (liquid); drink a lot or fast; consume large quantities rapidly<br> ( ) ( )<br> <font size=+1>ettane baaTTiL saaraayam kuTuttaalum avan muTTiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He'll knock back as many bottles of arrack as you give him.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (koTTikkoo) 4 tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (koTTikkoo) 4 tr<br> 3) ~(1 )~ (koTTikkoo) 4 tr<br> 4) ~(1 )~ (koTTikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piricceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> dismantle or take apart, as a machine<br> ( ); <br> <font size=+1>idu romba periya meshin; ide niinga piricceTukkaame eTuttukkiTTupooha muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This is a very large machine; you can't take it away without knocking it down first</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu pooTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause s.o. to fall down by striking or hitting<br> <br> <font size=+1>naalu peer vandu avane aTiccippooTTuTTu pooyTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Four persons turned up, knocked him down, and took off</font><br> 1) (aTiccu viizttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iTiccu kiizee taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> (of vehicles) knock over; cause s.o. to fall down by striking<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe oru laari iTicci kiizee taLLiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>She was knocked down by a lorry (truck).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b tr <br> demolish, dismantle, pull down or destroy, as buildings, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sila aaLunga anda pazeya viiTTe iTiccikkiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>A couple of guys were knocking down the old house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sambaadi)</font> 6b tr <br> earn, as income; receive, as pay, salary, or wages; make, as profit; pull down or in; gain, take in, clear, realize, take home, bring in<br> <font size=+1>These rich IT guys in Bangalore knock down astronomical salaries</font><br> 1) (aTicci pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (aTicci pooTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (aTicci pooTu) 4 tr<br> 4) (aTicci pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> lower or reduce, as prices, etc.<br> ( ) . 1 <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We've knocked down the price of our cassette to rs. 18.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(nele koleya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> bring s.o. down with a heavy weight or force<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiirNNu peTTi en taleyile vuzundu enne nelekoleya vacciTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>A box fell on my head by accident and knocked me down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock o.s. out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTi koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> exhaust or tire o.s. out; exert o.s. severely; kill o.s. doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga ongaLe alaTTikkale kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You mustn't knock yourself out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock o.s. out (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((oTambe) alaTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> put o.s. out; exert, bother o.so, or trouble, as o's body or mind; take pains; trouble o.s.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda viiTTe suttamaa veccikkradukku nii een ippaTi oTambe alaTTikkree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you knock yourself out to keep this house clean?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTeye kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (literally, shut up shop) cease or terminate, as an activity or work<br> ; , <br> <font size=+1>oru veeleyum illee; vaanga, kaTeye kaTTuroom</font><br> <font size=+1>There isn't any work; come, let's knock off.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiittu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bump off or kill s.o.; destroy, as an enemy; defeat, as an opponent in boxing, etc.; eat up or guzzle, as food or drink<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru muzu annaasi pazatteyum anda paiyan tiittu kaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That boy knocked off a whole pineapple.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLubaTi paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a reduction of; deduct or take off s.t., as from a bill, listed price, etc.<br> j , <br> <font size=+1>Whatever you buy by the dozen in our shop, we knock off 10 percent .</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi taLLiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> write hurriedly; finish in a hurry, as an article, a story, or any piece of writing<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan inda naavale oru vaaratle ezudittaLLiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He knocked off this novel in a week.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(koLLe aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> rob or steal from, as in a bank, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda beenkkee koLLeyaTikkradu sulabam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's easy to knock off this bank.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (taLLu-baTi seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (taLLu-baTi seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bring to an end or finish, as work, activity, etc.; dispatch or dispose of, as business; murder or kill<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLekki raattiriyee naanade muTicciTareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll knock that off tomorrow night.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) ?? </B> <font size=+1>(vaTivame)</font> 6b tr <br> make a copy of s.t.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??pudu pudu amaippule viiTTe amaikradule nibunar inda kottar</font><br> <font size=+1>This builder is good at knocking off copies of older houses</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLupaTi paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a reduction of; deduct or take off s.t., as from a bill, listed price, etc.<br> j , <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever you buy by the dozen in our shop, we knock off 10 percent .</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> rap or tap, as on a window, or a door<br> j ; ( ) j <br> <font size=+1>avan angee muuTiyirunda ellaa jannalungaLeyum oru taTave paattaan; appuram eezaavadu jannale meduvaa taTTunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He looked once at all the closed windows there; then he knocked on the seventh window softly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangiTa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> (of a drug) cause s.o. to become stupefied or unconscious; anesthetize<br> ( <br> <font size=+1>inda marunde saappiTTa anjaavadu nimishattle avan mayangiTuvaan (mayangippoovaan)</font><br> <font size=+1>Within five minutes of taking this drug, he'll be knocked out.</font><br> 1) (naak-auT paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (naak-auT paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> write quickly, hastily, or carelessly, as a story, a novel, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii maasam oru naaval aNNu ezudi taLLinaa on naavalungaLooTa taram moosamaattaan irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you knock out a novel a month, the quality of your novels will certainly be lousy.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (asandu pooha seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (asandu pooha seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooLe aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> rob or steal from, as a bank, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda beenkke koLLeyaTikka naalu peer poodaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Four persons aren't enough to knock over this bank.</font><br> 1) (iTicci taLLu) 3 tr<br> 2) (iTicci taLLu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock over/down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moodi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> (of a vehicle) knock s.o. down; strike s.o. to the ground<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda Traivar avane iTiccittaLLiTTu basse niruttaame ooTTikkiTTu pooyTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The driver knocked her over and drove the bus away without stopping.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock s.o. for a loop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asara vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to be exhausted or tired out; surprise or astound; overwhelm or shock; knock out<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vimaana vibattle settuppoonaaNNa sedi enne asara vecciTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The news that she'd died in a plane accident knocked me for a loop</font><br> 1) (kaLeccuppooha seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock s.t. off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLLe aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> rob or steal from, as in a bank, etc.; knock over a bank, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda beenkkee koLLeyaTikkradu sulabam</font><br> <font size=+1>It'll be a breeze to knock off this bank.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (taLLu-baTi seyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (taLLu-baTi seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccukkiTTupoo)</font> 3b tr <br> steal or make off with; pinch, nick, filch, purloin<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>en koTeye (peTTiye) yaaro aTiccikkiTTu pooyTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody (has) knocked off my umbrella (suitcase).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNaa iTi)</font> 6b tr, intr <br> (of knees) meet; (of heads) bring discipline or punish<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda reNTu aaLunga talengaLeyum oNNaa iTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He had to knock a couple of people's heads together (to get the results he wanted.)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(avasaramaa kaTTi muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> throw s.t. up; complete a job of construction in a hurry; build s.t. quickly and cheaply;<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippoo ellaarum viiTungaLe avasaramaa kaTTi muTikkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays everybody just knocks houses together</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> nail, as wooden boards together unprofessionally to make a rack, a box, a crate, etc.; build quickly and cheaply<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays all furniture you buy is disassembled, and you have to knock it together when you get it home</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTi tole)</font> 6b tr <br> construct or build in a hurry, as a house, a block of flats, etc.; throw up or together<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avanga inda viiTTe kaTTale; eppaTiyoo ide kaTTittoleccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They didn't build the house; they've knocked it together somehow.</font><br> 1) (avasara avasaramaa pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aluttu pooha seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> (chiefly Brit.) make tired, exhausted, or weary; be bushed, wasted<br> <br> <font size=+1>bas prayaaNatnaale ava aluttu poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was knocked up by the bus journey.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttarikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> (chiefly US) make s.o. pregnant<br> <font size=+1>He knocked her up and then ditched her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knock up (cf. wake up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (chiefly Brit.) wake s.o. up; arouse, not necessarily by knocking at the door<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezu maNikki ezuppiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Knock me up at 7:00.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seettu muTipooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fasten or join together, as two pieces of thread, rope, etc. by a knot; cf. splice<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>inda reNTu kambingaLeyum oNNu seettu muTi pooTradu kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's difficult to knot these wires together.</font><br> 1) (muTiccu pooTTu kaTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (muTiccu pooTTu kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sikku vizundu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become tangled in knots, as rope, wire, thread, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kambic curuNe sikku vizundu pooyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This coil of wire has gotten all knotted.</font><br> 1) (sikku paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (sikku paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi pooTTu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten or secure by means of a knot or knots; tie, loop, bind, secure, tether, lash, leash.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda poTTalatte nallaa muTi pooTTu kaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Knot this packet well.</font><br> 1) (muTiccu pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (muTiccu pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> tangle up; make tangled or knotty, as a ball of thread, a coil of rope, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>on paiyan inda taiyal nuuleyellaam sikku paNNiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Your boy has tangled up all this thread.</font><br> 1) (oNNu seettu muTiccu pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (oNNu seettu muTiccu pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> form, make or tie a knot, as in a string, thread, cord, rope, etc.; tie, loop, bind, secure, tether, lash, leash.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda kayitte irukki muTi pooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He knotted the rope tightly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>know</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teriradu)</font> see teri 2b 3pn + da <br> be able to distinguish, identify, or recognize; be obvious<br> <font size=+1>By their deeds shall ye know them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b tr 3pn + dat <br> be able to distinguish, identify, or recognize<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane paattadum avan oru pooli saamiyar-NNu enakku terinjadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as I saw him, I knew that his holy-man act was fake.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(??ari)</font> 2 tr <br> comprehend or understand, as a fact, a subject, etc.; be aware or cognizant of, as a fact, a piece of information, etc.; be acquainted with, as a person; understand by experience, as grief, poverty<br> <font size=+1>?chiefly LT?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyum)</font> irreg (+ dat strt.) <br> have in the mind as a result of learning, experience or information; be aware or cognizant of; be acquainted with; recognize or be able to distinguish; perceive or understand clearly<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalladu keTTadu eduNNu avaLukku teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>She knows what's right and what's wrong.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>know (come to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terinju koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> find out; realize; learn, be introduced to; get to know; figure out<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>sinna vayasileeye kashtamNNaa ennaNNu ava terinjikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She came to know what hardship was, even at a very early age.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>know about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~1 + ( ) + ~ </B> <font size=+1>(terinju koo @(sh tr)@)</font> irreg <br> learn about; come to know about; become aware of<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>paNam paNrade patti ava sinna vayasileeyee terinjikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She knew about making money at an early age.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyum)</font> irreg + dat + (np) <br> have information about; have learnt about; be aware of<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>krikeTTe patti onakku enna teriyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>What do you know about cricket?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>know of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLvippaTTiru)</font> 7 tr+(np)+~aippa66i~ <br> have heard or learned about s.o. or s.t.; be aware of or cognizant of<br> ( ; <br> <font size=+1>naan oru vakkiileppatti keeLvippaTTirukkeen; avar on pracneye tiikka udavalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>I've heard about (I know of) a lawyer; he may help solve your problem.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>known, be/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b intr <br> be learnt; come to light, as news, information, a secret, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>What action the government is going to take with reference to the students' agitation will be (made) known tomorrow morning.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knuckle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> knock, rub, or strike with the knuckles, usually on the head<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne taleyile kuTTunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He knuckled me on the head.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knuckle down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyappoo)</font> 3b tr <br> get down to business; get down to s.t.; get busy; work in earnest; become serious about s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vaaram muzusum veele seyyaama pozudupookkiTTrunduTTu neettudaan konjam uruppiTiyaa veeleye seyya poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He knuckled down to business only yesterday, after a whole week of goofing off.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanam seluttu)</font> 3 intr + NP + ~il~ <br> direct attention or pay attention, as to job, study, etc.<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>nii veeleyle (paTippule) (aaTTattle) gavanam seluttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You've got to knuckle down to the job [study, play].</font><br> 1) (okkaandu veele seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> 2) (tiiviramaa iiTupaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>knuckle under</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> yield or give in; surrender, submit, capitulate, give up, give way, succumb, climb down, back down, admit defeat, lay down o's arms, throw in the towel/sponge; (inf.) quit, raise the white fl<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda aaTTatte kaTesivare viTTukkuTukkaame veLeyaaTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He played the game (match) to its finish without knuckling under.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>label</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muttire iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> describe or isolate by labelling; sort into categories; pigeonhole, categorize<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamuve eppoodum poy peesravanNNu jananga muttire iTTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People labelled Ramu (as) a liar</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri piTu)</font> 4 tr & intr <br> designate, describe or classify s.o. or s.t.<br> ?? (w ?)<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Some call (label) artificially hatched eggs non-vegetarian.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr, intr <br> say, describe, or designate<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya maadiriyaana aaLunga avaLe oru vibasaari-NNu sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The older crowd labelled her an adultress.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muttire kuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stamp s.o., s.t. (as); put into a class or type; categorize, pigeonhole<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Some critics label his short stories sheer pornography.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippu siiTTe oTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten, stick or paste a list of debits or information, as on a piece of luggage, a file, a box, a bottle, etc.<br> <font size=+1>In the old days when you stayed at a hotel, they'd label your luggage with one of their hotel stickers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(peyar siiTTe eNe)</font> 6i <br> tie or fasten a name tag, as on a suitcase, a briefcase, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She labeled her her briefcase with her name tag</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(peer siiTTe oTTu)</font> 3ai <br> fasten, stick or paste a name tag, as on a box, a bottle, etc.; affix<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda marundu peTTi meele peer siiTTe oTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He labeled the medicine bottle with a tag</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>labor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTappaTTu nahar)</font> 2 intr <br> move with difficulty; move slowly or heavily; chug, huff and puff<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda Treyn anda male paadeyilee kashTappaTTu nahandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The train labored its way up through the hills</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paaTupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> toil; work very hard; strive, as toward a goal or purpose; exert o.s., as to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava viiTTe suttamaa veccikka denamum paaTupaTraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She labors daily to keep her house clean.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oze)</font> 6b intr <br> work hard; toil; exert o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda veeleye muTikkradukku siramappaTTu ozeccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>He said that more people should labor for world peace</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTappaTTu eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> climb or ascend with difficulty; move up slowly; crawl upward<br> x <br> <font size=+1>anda pazeya lifT kashTappaTTu meelee eriyadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>That old elevator has to labor with great difficulty to go up at all</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kala)</font> 7 tr <br> mix s.t. with another; mix (brandy, etc.) with coffee, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaafiyile konjam braandiye kalandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He laced the coffee with brandy.</font><br> 1) (utti kala) 7 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lace into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLaasiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> scold, rebuke; attack s.o. with words or blows; lash or thrash s.o.; tell s.o. off; give s.o. a tongue-lashing<br> ( ) ( ) ( )<br> <font size=+1>naan avakiTTe sollaame sinimaavukku poonadukkaaha ammaa enne velaasiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Mommy laced into me for going to the film without telling her.</font><br> 1) (vilaas-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lacerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siraaccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> tear, scratch or rend (the skin or a part of the body)<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru aaNi en mozangaiye siraaccuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A nail has lacerated (the skin of) my forearm.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puNpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hurt or wound, as s.o.'s feelings, mind, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You behave in this manner only to lacerate my feelings.</font><br> 1) (piraaNTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiru)</font> 3 tr <br> scratch, as with fingernails or claws; tear (the face, flesh, an arm, etc.) roughly<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda puune en mohatte kiiriTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>That cat lacerated my face (with her claws).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> be missing from a specified number, total, or minimum<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>koorattukku oru aaL koreyudu (koreccalaa) irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>One member is lacking for there to be a quorom.</font><br> 1) (keTeyaadu) see ke8e 2b intr 3 p<br> (alaaka (kuRaivaaka) ir}\rt{) calaa iru|<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeveppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be wanting; be needed or required<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga ullaasa payaNa kuzuvukku oruttar teevepaTuraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>All their tourist group lacks is one (more) person.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lack (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ille)</font> neg only <br> be without; not have; be wanting or deficient in<br> <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe aTiyaaLunga illaame illee</font><br> <font size=+1>He doesn't lack for henchmen.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lactate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paalu sora)</font> 2 intr 3pn + dat <br> secrete milk<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandeye paattadum avaLukku paalu sorandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as she saw the baby, she began to lactate.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ladle (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moNTu uuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> serve or convey, as liquid food like soup, sambar, rasam, etc. by a ladle, scoop, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan konjam suuppe moNTu kiNNattle uuttikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ladled out some soup into his bowl (cup).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aLLi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> convey or give out freely or indiscriminately; dish or hand out; distribute freely or generously<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This charitable trust ladles out educational scholarships.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aLLi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> serve or convey, as solid food like cooked rice, pongal, pulau, uppuma, etc., or liquid food like sambar, by a ladle, a scoop, a cup, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava en taTTattle pongale aLLi pooTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She ladled out some pongal onto my plate.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> flag or wane, as interest, attention, etc.; become slower or lower<br> <br> <font size=+1>paadi kadeyileeye en aarvam korenjadu (korenji poocci)</font><br> <font size=+1>My interest began to lag by the middle of the story.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lag behind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinjikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> fall behind, fall back; fall in the rear, as in a race, etc.; loiter, linger, dally, straggle, dawdle, hang back, delay, move slowly, drag o's feet; (inf.) dilly-dally. <br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>muuNaavadu reesle naan veLeyaaTna kudire pindikkiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The horse I bet on in the third race lagged behind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pindangu)</font> 3 intr <br> fail to develop or advance; fail to keep up with<br> .<br> <font size=+1>tamize naama pindanga viTa kuuTaadu-NNu oru ameccar sonnaaru.</font><br> <font size=+1>A minister made the pronouncement that we should not let Tamil lag behind.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laicize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaya saarpattadaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make secular; secularize, as a country, a school, a constitution, education, politics, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This college was laicized many years ago.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laid up, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTenju keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> be kept or confined indoors, with an illness, an injury, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayittuppookkaale avan viiTTleeye aTenji keTakkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's laid up at home with dysentery</font><br> 1) (paTuttiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lam (cf. get/run away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> run away; flee; get away; fly the coop; beat it<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga piTikkaradukkuLLee anda tiruTan ooTippoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Before we could catch him, the thief went on the lam.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lamb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTipooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of sheep, cat, mare, etc.) give birth to young<br> <br> <font size=+1>aneehamaa naaLekki inda semmariyaaTu kuTTipooTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Probably this sheep will lamb tomorrow.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lambast(e)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(picciyeTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> beat up or thrash; reprimand or criticize severely; attack harshly with words or blows; scold, condemn severely<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avar inda kadeye picciyeTuttuTuvaar; avarkiTTe ide kaaTTaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>He will lambaste this story; don't show it to him!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noNTiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make lame; cause to become lame<br> <br> <font size=+1>??eLampiLLe vaadam onga kozandehaLe muTamaakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Poliomyelitis can lame your children.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lame, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be impaired or disabled, as the leg or the arm<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTu eTadu kayyi moTangiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His left arm has become lame.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(noNTiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become crippled, as in the leg or foot; be inadequate, as an answer, solution, response etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan noNTi caakku solraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has offered a lame excuse.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lament</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become contrite, penitent or sorrowful; have regrets; be remorseful; cf. also grieve, sorrow, mourn<br> !<br> <font size=+1>mark korenjupoonade pattiyee neneccu varuttappaTaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't just sit there lamenting your low score!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tukkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> sorrow; grieve; regret<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Why haven't you gotten over lamenting the death of your wife?</font><br> 1) (vesana-paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (vesana-paTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(polambu)</font> 3 intr <br> weep; wail; moan; grieve<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava sneehidiyooTa saave nenecci polambinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was still lamenting the death of her friend.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(varundu)</font> 3 intr <br> regret; sorrow; grieve<br> ( ) .<br> <font size=+1>ava varundikkiTTee (visanappaTTukkiTTee) irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She laments [the passage of the] days of her youth</font><br> 1) (azu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lampoon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nakkal paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> mock or ridicule; write or speak in a satirical vein<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ongaLukku sulabamaa nakkal paNNi ezuda (peesa) varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>You're sure good at lampooning things.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiriviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cut open, as an abscess, a boil, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki kaaleyiledaan {\d d}aakTar en nahaccutte kiiriviTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>It wasn't until this morning that the doctor lanced my cyst.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>land</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall, as a moving ball, etc.; (of a blow or kick) strike<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda ode en mozangaalle vizundicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The kick landed on my knee.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTupooy seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> cause s.o. or s.t. to reach a place; ferry across and set s.o. or s.t. on land;<br> j ( ) <br> <font size=+1>nii naTandukkra vedam onne jeyilukkuttaan koNTupooy seekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The way you behave will only land you in jail.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get, win or carry off, as prizes, awards, honors, etc.; obtain or gain, as an appointment, a business contract or deal, etc.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>enne tavira veera yaarum inda veeleye taTTikkiTTu pooha muTiyaadu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody but me can land this job!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.o. to be entangled or caught up, as in trouble, difficulty, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne oru sangaTattle maaTTa vecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's landed me in a dilemma.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> strike, as a blow; give, as a kick; place, as a blow or kick<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava enakku en vayitle oru ode viTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She landed me a kick in my stomach.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> alight upon, as an aircraft, etc.; get off, as passengers from a plane, ship, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga kalkattaavile eranginoom</font><br> <font size=+1>(Our plane) landed at Calcutta.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(okkaaru)</font> 2 intr <br> (of birds moving in the air) settle or come to rest<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaakkaa anda erume-meel vandu okkaandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A crow landed on the buffalo.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> end up; get entangled or find o.s. in an unpleasant situation, trouble, etc.; finish up in a particular state or situation<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>nii ippiTiyee selavu senjaa, kashTattle maaTTikkuvee</font><br> <font size=+1>If you (go on) spend(ing money) in this way you'll land in difficulty.</font><br> 1) (sikka vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> put down; unload or disembark, as goods or people<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda pailaT helikaapTare baddramaa tareyile erakkinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The pilot landed the helicopter safely on the ground.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch, as fish; bring onto land, as from the sea<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki eedaavadu miin piTicciyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Did you land (catch) any fish today?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>languid, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become feeble, weak, or slack<br> <font size=+1>The poets of the Preraphaelite movement were often described as being languid</font><br> 1) (soondu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>languish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eengu)</font> 3 intr <br> pine or long, as for love, affection, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ava kaadalukkaaha eenginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He languished for her love.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soonduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be or become weak, exhausted, or spiritless; be stuck somewhere, unable to move<br> <font size=+1>He languished in prison for 15 years until DNA testing proved he didn't commit the crime</font><br> 1) (taLanduTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (tavi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lap (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maLamaLa-NNu kuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> (of people) drink hastily or greedily<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>moorNNaa avan maLamaLaNNu kuTicciTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>If it's buttermilk, he'll lap it right up.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nakki kuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> lick up; take in (milk, water, etc.) as a cat or a dog does<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda puune romba veehamaa paale nakki kuTiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cat lapped up the milk very quickly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nakku)</font> 3 tr <br> lick, eat (milk, water, etc.), as a cat or a dog does<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naay anda kanjiye oru taTave nakkiTTu ooTippoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog took a lap of the gruel and then ran away.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lap up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaade tiiTTikkiTTu keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> listen eagerly or keenly to, as compliments, rumors, gossip, etc.; thrive on rumors etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>sinimaa naccatrangaLe pattiya vadandingaLe avan kaade tiiTTikkiTTu keeppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just laps up rumors about film stars.</font><br> 1) (muzung-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lapse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalaavadiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> expire or come to an end, esp. by failure to claim at the right time, by nonfulfillment of conditions, etc., as contracts, agreements, an insurance policy, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda oppandam kaalaavadiyeeyiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>This agreement has lapsed.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of time) pass away; elapse<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalam poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Time lapses.</font><br> 1) (leeps-aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sellaadu)</font> irreg. idiom. <br> be or become void or cease to be in force, as agreements, contracts, insurance policies, rights, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda pro nooTTu sellaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This promissory note has lapsed (and is now null and void).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lapse (into)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aazu)</font> 2 intr + noun + ~il~ <br> sink, slip, or fall, as into silence, unconsciousness, old habits, sickness, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tirumbavum sindaneyle aazntaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lapsed back into thought.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lapse from</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaru)</font> 3 intr <br> (with noun + ~iliruntu~) slip; err; fail in connection with duty, custom, etiquette, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She lapsed from her duty. [She committed a lapse as far as her duties were concerned.]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>large, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> overflow; get too big; copious, be; grow, expand<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaLtohe romba peruhipooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The population has become too large</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(perisaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be huge, big or immense; be more than average or usual in size, number, or amount<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga keekkra tohe perisu (perisaa irukku)</font><br> <font size=+1>The amount you ask for is large.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(perisaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become big, as an abscess; become extended, as a village, etc.; boom, thrive, or become well-developed or grown up, as business, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa vyaabaaram perisaayiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>His business has gotten really large.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(peruttuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become huge, as population; become big, as a tumor, etc.; become immense, as practice, business, etc.; become extensive, as property, assets, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>onga vakkiilooTa praakTis siikkram peruttuppoohum</font><br> <font size=+1>Your lawyer's practice will soon get large[r]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lark (about)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> play; have fun; amuse o.s.; goof off, horse around<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>veLayaaTikkiTTirundadu poodum; pooy paTinga</font><br> <font size=+1>Stop larking about (enough of larking about); go and study.</font><br> 1) ( ) ~(1 )~ (kurumbu (vishamam) seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> hit, beat or thrash<br> ( ) ; <br> <font size=+1>iNNekkum nii leeTTaa varree; appaa onne veLuttuTa pooraar</font><br> <font size=+1>You've come late again today; Daddy's going to lash you.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moodu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> (of waves) dash, strike, or beat, as the shore, a ship, a rock, etc.; dash against, as the shore, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru periya ale kappalle moodicci</font><br> <font size=+1>A large wave lashed against the ship.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTTeyaale aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strike or beat with a whip or a horsewhip<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda maaTTukkaaran anda maaTTe muduhumeele saaTTeyaale aTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The cattleman (cowhand) lashed the cow (bull) across its back.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(savukkaale aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strike or beat with a lash or whip<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda aTimaye savukkaale aTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lashed the slave with a whip.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sozattiyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> (of horses, cats, tigers, etc.) move (the tail) back and forth or up and down; whirl (the tail) threateningly<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda puli aattrattooTu vaale sozattiyaTiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tiger lashed its tail angrily.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of rain) pour down; fall heavily<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu raattri maze koTTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain really came lashing down last night.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten, bind or tie, by means of a rope, a cord, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda kucciyile oru vaare varinji kaTTiTTaa, onakku oru saaTTe keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you lash a strap of leather to this stick, you'll get a whip.</font><br> 1) (savukkaale aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lash out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiru)</font> 3 intr <br> speak angrily, snap at s.o.; rage or burn with passion<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan romba meduvaadaan peesuneen, aanaa avaru ennamoo teriyalle romba adihamaa siiruraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>I talked to him very gently, but for some reason he lashes out in a very angry way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paayi)</font> 2b intr <br> speak in anger, etc.; behave in anger, outrage, etc.; jump upon or snap at<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava meele paaya teeve ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There's no need to lash out at him like that</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pour out; speak, as harsh words<br> , ; <br> <font size=+1>avanukku koovam vantaa, matavangaLe karaicu koTTuvaaru anaa apuroo sangaTa paTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When he gets angry, he tends to lash out at others and then regrets it later</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(porinju taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak rapidly; scold; speak harshly; spew forth (invectives)<br> <font size=+1>een inda maadiri porinju taLLuree? ava oNNum seyyalleyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you lashing out at her? She's done nothing wrong!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lash out at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLaasiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> strike fiercely, as with a cane, a whip, etc.; reprove or attack verbally<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki nii peesumboodu meel maTTattu uuzaleppadi velaasiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>When you speak today, you must lash out at high-level corruption.</font><br> 1) (vilaas-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi ode)</font> 6b tr <br> (of horses, donkeys, etc.) kick out at s.o. or s.t.; (of people) hit out at s.o. with the leg or foot<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne eTTi odeccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lashed out at me with his foot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> attack, as with words; strike, as with a hand or a weapon<br> <br> <font size=+1>looriina baabbaT avane kattiyaale taakkinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Lorina Bobbett lashed out at him with a knife.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>last</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> (of provisions) be enough or sufficient for a certain length of time<br> <br> <font size=+1>naalanji naalukku meele varaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It won't last for more than four or five days.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taakkuppiTi)</font> 6b intr, tr <br> hold out; endure in spite of difficulties<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We have enough foodgrains to last out this famine.</font><br> 1) (taangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oze)</font> 6b intr <br> (of fabrics, garments, batteries, motor vehicles, etc.) be durable or continue to function<br> x j ( ) <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavuku-NNee naanga tayaarikkra rifrijireeTTar unga vaazkke muzudum ozekkum.</font><br> <font size=+1>The refrigerators we manufacture especially for India will last your whole lifetime.</font><br> 1) (taangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> continue or go on in time, as rain, hurricane, a strike, a war, an emergency, a state of affairs, etc.; endure. persist<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda iraak caNTe nereya varusham niiTikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>This war in Iraq may last many years.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nele)</font> 6b intr <br> remain unexhausted, as feelings, emotions, etc.; be durable, as fame, popularity, an office, a state of happiness, etc.; endure, as a work of art<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa veele nelekkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His work will not last</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(poodum)</font> def. 3pn w dat <br> (of money and provisions) suffice; be adequate; be enough or sufficient for a specific length of time<br> <br> <font size=+1>irukkra muTTe reNTu naaLekki poodum</font><br> <font size=+1>The eggs we've got will last for two days.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> (of dyes, color) be fast; be durable<br> ( ) ; ; ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda pacce kalar nikkaadu; idu siikkram pooyTum; veera kalarle poTave eTu</font><br> <font size=+1>This green color won't last; it will soon fade, so chose a sari in a different color.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(taangu)</font> 3 intr <br> remain unexhausted or be enough for a specified time or for a long time, as money, provisions, anger, etc.; continue to be good, strong, effective, as fabrics, garments, machinery, etc.; continue to b<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga pudu minvisiri niiNTa kaalam taangalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Our new electric fan will probably last a long time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>last, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pindu)</font> 3 intr <br> be behind, lag behind; be inferior in rank<br> <br> <font size=+1>pandikki mundu paTekki pindu</font><br> <font size=+1>Be first at the dinner table, but last to the battlefield</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lasting, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerandaramaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be permanent, as an impression, a place in the history or art, literature, etc.; be enduring, as pleasure, happiness and the like; be endemic and unending, as sorrow, grief, poverty and the like<br> <br> <font size=+1>olahattule uuzal nerandaramaayTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Corruption is endemic and has become a lasting thing all over the world.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>latch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taappaa pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fasten or close with a latch or bolt, as a door, a window, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tamiz aasiriyar veLikkadave taappaa pooTTalaamNNu irundaar, aanaa muTiyalle.</font><br> <font size=+1>TheTamil teacher tried to latch the window, but he couldn't.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>latch onto</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(purinju koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> catch on to; understand or comprehend s.t.; acquire understanding of s.o. or s.t.; figure s.t. out<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>pooliisaar ippa onne purinjikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police have latched onto you by now.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (w.NP + ~oo8u, kuu8a~) attach o.s. to; cling or stick to, like a leech<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii een enkuuTavee oTTikkiTTirukkee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why have you latched onto me?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>latent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(podi)</font> 2b intr <br> be full or loaded, as with meaning<br> <font size=+1>What he said was latent with meaning.</font><br> 1) ~( )~ (marenj-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(podenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be inlaid invisibly, as meanings in an epic, etc.; be dormant or covert, as skills, talents, abilities, etc.<br> <font size=+1>Latent in his work is the idea that the truth will eventually be revealed, but some characters won't see it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(marenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be hidden, convert, or dormant, as skills, talents, meaning in work of art, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda kavideyile innoru arttam marenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There is latent in this poem another (hidden) meaning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lather</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nore)</font> 6b intr <br> form a lather; foam up<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda sooppu tuuL nallaa norekkaadu (norekkamaaTTeengudu)</font><br> <font size=+1>This soap powder won't (doesn't) lather well.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLaasu)</font> 3 tr <br> attack violently with blows; flog soundly<br> <font size=+1>?? change these exe's to avoid sexist brutality</font><br> 1) (vilaasu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laud</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> praise, extol or applaud<br> <br> <font size=+1>silar ava arive paaraaTnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people lauded her intelligence.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laugh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siri)</font> 6b intr <br> express amusement, pleasure, happiness, derision, etc. by a burst of laughter; chuckle; chortle; smile<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tanakkuLLe maunamaa siriccukiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He laughed silently to himself.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nahe)</font> 6b intr <br> chortle; chuckle; smile<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>When he heard the reason I gave, he laughed derisively.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laugh at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siri)</font> 6b intr +acc + ppl <br> be amused, as by a cartoon, a joke, etc.; be unmoved by or disregard, as difficulties, problems, etc.; make fun of<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan pooTTa paTatte paattu avar sirikkiraar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's laughing at the picture I've drawn.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keelipaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> ridicule; make fun of; dismiss<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>nii oru arasiyalvaadi aahaNumaa? manasaacciye keeli seyya kattukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you want a government career? Learn to laugh at having any principles.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eLLi nahe)</font> 6b tr <br> deride; ridicule; make fun of<br> <br> <font size=+1>poodu eTattule avan avaLe eLLi naheccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He laughed at her in public</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laugh away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siriccuppookku)</font> 3 tr <br> dismiss with a laugh, as s.o.'s doubts, fears, etc.; pass, as o's time with laughter<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ava sandeehatte siricci pookka paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to laugh her doubts away.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laugh down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siriccu vaayaTakku)</font> 3at <br> make s.o. silent by laughing, esp. loudly; silence s.o. with laughter<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Unable to bear his long lecture, some tried to laugh him down.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laugh off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siriccu mazuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> ignore, take s.t. lightly; discount as laughable, ridiculous<br> <font size=+1>I was concerned about his gambling debts, but he just laughs them off</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laugh out/off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siriccu veraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive s.o. away by laughing<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If you're a bad actor, the audience will laugh you right off the stage.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>launch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTu)</font> 6 tr <br> mount, as a military attack or offensive; start, as a battle or a war; commence, as a suit of law<br> <br> <font size=+1>He launched a lawsuit.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(medakkaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> float or set afloat, as a newly built vessel; inaugurate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kappale medakkaviTradu solabamillee</font><br> <font size=+1>It isn't easy to launch a ship.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viisiyeri)</font> 2b tr <br> hurl or throw with great force, as a spear, a lance, or a weapon<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda onaayi meele oru gaTappaareye viisiyerinjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He launched a crowbar at the wolf.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLooTTam viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> set afloat, as a newly built boat, ship, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>eppo niinga inda pudu paTahe veLLooTTam viTuviinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>When will you launch this new boat?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(seyalpaTuttu)</font> 3at <br> implement or put into action, as a plan, a project, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??indiya arasu oru pudu kuTumba nala tiTTatte seyalpaTutta virumburadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Indian Government wishes to launch a new family welfare scheme.</font><br> 1) (tuukki eri) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(parakkaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> send off into the sky or space, or set afloat, as a rocket<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The launching of satellites has become a common thing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(eevu)</font> 3 tr <br> hurl, send off or discharge into the sky or space, as a rocket<br> <br> <font size=+1>amerikkaa aTikkaTi raakkaTTe eevuradu</font><br> <font size=+1>America launches rockets fairly often.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> send off or discharge into the sky or space, as a missile or weapon<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Eight missiles were launched last night.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangu)</font> 3 tr <br> begin, as some kind of physical activity; start or set in operation, as an attack, a business, an enterprise, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava siikkrame oru vyaabaaratte toTanga pooraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's ready to launch a business pretty soon.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>launch (out) into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr + NP + ~il~ - <br> throw o.s. into s.t. with vigor, eagerness, etc.; plunge into, as an enterprise, a business, an activity, speech, etc.<br> ?? ; <br> <font size=+1>avanga paTikkrade niruttiTTu peeccile eranginaanga; apparam peeccee niruttiTTu aTidaTiyile eranginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They stopped reading and launched into a discussion, and then they stopped talking and launched into a scuffle.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTu)</font> 4 intr + np + ~il~ <br> throw o.s. eagerly into s.t.; plunge into, as an enterprise, a business, an activity, a research, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>He launched out into the manufacture of sewing machines.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>launch s.o. (out) into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> start s.o. off or cause s.o. to plunge into, as a business, an activity, an industry, a research, etc.; sponsor s.o. to do s.t.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you launch her into a research (carreer) in electronics?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>launder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLu)</font> 6 tr <br> wash clean, as clothes, sheets, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda daTave nii tuNihaLe sariyaave veLukkale</font><br> <font size=+1>You haven't laundered the clothes well (properly).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(salave seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> (of clothes, fabrics, etc.) undergo washing and ironing<br> <br> <font size=+1>This cloth is easy to launder [and keep clean]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(salave seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> wash and iron, as clothes, etc. professionally<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tuNingaLe nallaa salave seyvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He does a good job of laundering your clothes.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tove)</font> 6b tr <br> wash, as clothes, sheets, etc.; launder by beating on a hard surface<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava seeleye tovaccikkiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was laundering a sari.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lavish (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> shower or bestow, as affection, love or kindness<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kaTesi mahameele peesatte koTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lavished love on her youngest daughter.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aLLi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> bestow or give, as money, gifts, favors, etc. profusely or generously<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma talevar avaLukku maTTum saluhe vaari aLLi kuTukkraar</font><br> <font size=+1>Our chief (boss) lavishes favors only on her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaari ere)</font> 6b tr <br> give or bestow, as money, gifts, favors, etc. profusely or generously; spend, as money wastefully or very generously<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLukku paNatte vaari ereccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lavished money on her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moTTe iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> lay eggs<br> <br> <font size=+1>koozi muTTe iTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The hen lays eggs</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> draw up, devise or arrange, as a plan, a scheme or a plot of conspiracy<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava oru tiTTam tiiTTiyirukkra</font><br> <font size=+1>She has laid a plan (scheme).</font><br> 1) (vale viisu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pandayam kaTTu)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> deposit or wager; stake; place bets etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He laid a bet of 100 rupees with her that the local team would win in this football match.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(iTu)</font> 6 tr <br> (of hens) produce (eggs)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooziyellaam muTTe eTa toTangiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hens have started laying eggs.</font><br> 1) (somattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> apply or put over a surface, as paint, distemper, etc.; strike or deal blows at<br> <br> <font size=+1>suNNaambu aTicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They laid on a coat of whitewash [distemper]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> prefer or bring forward, as a charge or accusation<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>incomplete</font><br> <font size=+1>??That you lay open (disclose) his business secrets.</font><br> 1) (paTukka vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put or place s.t.; set s.t. down carefully; place s.t. before s.o. or bring s.t. to s.o.'s notice or consideration; set s.t. aside; place in position, as bricks<br> <br> <font size=+1>sengale sariyaa vaccikko</font><br> <font size=+1>[Make sure you] lay the bricks properly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> prefer or bring forward, as a charge against s.o.; impose, as taxes, obligation, responsibility, or duty on s.t. or s.o.; attribute, place or impute, as blame on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vazakkampoola mattavangameele pazi somattraan</font><br> <font size=+1>As usual, he's laying the blame on others.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(samarppi)</font> 6b tr <br> place or submit (facts, information, a case, etc.) as before a committee, a commission, an authority, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I have laid all the details of information before the inquiry commission.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(keTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> put s.o. down in a lying posture; set s.t. down in a horizontal position<br> , <br> <font size=+1>??anda gaTappaareye ange nirutti vekkaadee; ade paTukka vayyi??</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't stand the crowbar there; lay it down flat.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put s.t. down without care; drop or unload s.t. carelessly; impute, as blame, etc., on s.o.; bring forth and deposit (eggs); form, as a road; place in position, as a pipeline; devise, as a plan; sprea<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan koozi reNTu muTTe pooTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His hen laid two eggs.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(ame)</font> 6b intr <br> build, as a railway, a highway, a road, etc.; locate or set, as the scene for a story, etc.<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>The scene of action of the novel is laid in New Delhi.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTe vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of hens, etc.) produce eggs on a regular basis<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda koozinga ippo muTTe vekkradillee</font><br> <font size=+1>These hens aren't laying (eggs) now.</font><br> 1) (pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) </B> <font size=+1>(pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to subside or allay, as fear, doubt, anxiety, etc.; put to rest<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan bayatte yaarum pookka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody is able to lay his doubts to rest.</font><br> 1) (aTangippooha seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(15) </B> <font size=+1>(viriccu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> spread over, as a mat, a rug, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>A carpet was laid in the hall.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay (a trap)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vale viri)</font> 6b tr <br> spread a net; set a trap or snare, as for s.o. or s.t.; ensnare<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>tappiyooTippoona kaidikki pooliis vale viriccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police laid a trap [snare] for the prisoner who had gotten away.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay (groundwork of)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTippooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bring into existence; found; lay the foundation of; do the spadework for<br> <br> <font size=+1>pradama mandiri taan anda niruvanattukku aTipooTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The prime minister lay the groundwork that led to the founding of that organization.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay (to rest)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> bury or inter<br> ( )?<br> <font size=+1>naan varradukkuLLee avanga eppaTi maamaave aTakkam seyyalaam (paNNalaam)?</font><br> <font size=+1>How could they lay my uncle to rest before I got there?</font><br> 1) (aTakkam paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay a finger on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oru viral vayyi)</font> 6b tr + NP + ~meel~ <br> harm or injure physically<br> , <br> <font size=+1>en mahameele nii oru veral veccaalum onne tolecciTuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you lay a finger on my daughter, I'll destroy you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay aside</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give up; abandon; cease practising; discontinue, drop; let fall into disuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa vazakkatte kayyi viTTuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She has laid aside the customs of her community.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> lift s.t. and put it somewhere else; put s.t. aside or out of the way<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda naarkkaali vaziyile keTakkudu; ade eTuttu vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>This chair is lying in the way; lay it aside.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seettu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> store or save for future use or need; lay away; lay up, store up<br> [ ?]<br> <font size=+1>sakkare taTTuppaaTu eNNekkum varalaamngradukkaaha ava eppovum konjam sakkare seemicci veppaa [seendu veppaa?]</font><br> <font size=+1>Because sugar could become scarce at any time, she'd always lay some aside.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizee vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put down or away, as s.t. held in hand<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava uLLee varrade paattadum naan paTiccikkiTTirunda naavale kiizee vecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>When I saw her coming in, I laid aside the book that I was reading.</font><br> 1) (taLLi vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> gather and put away (money, wealth or property) for the use of future generations<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku avan appaa nereya teeTiveccirukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>His father has laid aside substantial amounts for him.</font><br> 1) (seemicci vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(taniyaa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set aside; hold, as merchandise for future delivery, etc.; put aside for later use<br> ( ) ; <br> <font size=+1>inda recaarTe taniyaa vayyi; aTutta vaaram anda aaL vandu vaangikkuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Lay this record aside; that guy will come for it next week.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay away/down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seemiccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> save; reserve for future use<br> [ ] <br> <font size=+1>avan payyanooTa kaaleej paTipukkaaha seemicci veccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He laid away [funds] for his son's college education.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay bare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> reveal or disclose, as o's feelings, thoughts, etc.; pour out, as o's secrets, yearnings, etc.; expose o.s. emotionally<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu ava avaLooTa manasile irundade koTTiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday she laid bare to me what was in her heart.</font><br> 1) (terandu kaaTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (veLippaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay by</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seettu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> lay away; store, save, put away, or reserve for future use or need<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTu pooradukkaaha avan konjam paNam seettu veccirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's laid by some money for going abroad.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> (nautical:) come to a stop; stop or halt; heave to<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kappal niNNadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ship laid by</font><br> 1) (miittu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay claim to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sondam koNTaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> stake a claim; say that one has a right, as to property<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tooTTattukku avan sondam koNTaaTraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lays claim to this farm.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> formulate, as a rule, a principle, etc.; construct or devise, as a plan, a scheme, a project, etc.; sketch out a plan, for a railway, a ship, an aircraft, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>india arasu oru pudu tiTTatte uruvaakkikkuradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government of India is laying down a new principle [plan]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> devise, formulate, or make, as a plan, scheme, project, etc.; issue or give, as an order, a command, a rule, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naama namakkuNNu sela saTTa tiTTangaLe pooTTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We must lay down some rules and regulations for ourselves.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTukka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put s.o. in a lying position; place or install s.t. in a horizontal position<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda palaheye paTukka veccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He laid the wooden plank down.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay down o's life</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyire kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give or sacrifice o's life, as for an ideal, o's country, friend, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava enakkaaha ava uyire kuTuppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She'd lay down her life for me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay flat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 6 tr <br> (of a punch, hurricane, etc.) knock down to the ground<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>poona vaaram aTicca poyal kaattu nereye narangaLe saaccuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hurricane that blew last week laid many trees flat.</font><br> 1) (suruNTu viza seyyi @(nb tr)@) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu saayi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat or knock down to the ground; lay low<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne oree aTi aTiccu saaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He laid me flat with one blow.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay hold of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> catch, grasp, or seize; get or put o's hands on<br> <font size=+1>I'm trying to see if I lay hold of some camping beds we can send overseas for tsunami relief</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seehariccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> gather and store away for future use or need; acquire and store away, as rice, oil, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>aaru maasattukkaana malihe saamaangaLe ava seeharicci veccikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's laid in a supply of provisions for a period of six months.</font><br> 1) (vaangki vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> attack physically or verbally; beat up; assail; assault; scold; give s.o. a tongue-lashing<br> <br> <font size=+1>naalu peer seendukiTTu avane veLuttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Four guys got together and laid into him.</font><br> 1) (aTicci norukku) 3 tr<br> 2) (velaas-iTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (pooTTu saattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay low</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTukka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> lay up; cause s.o. to be confined to bed; do s.o. in<br> <br> <font size=+1>saadaaraNa saLiyum kaaccalum avane paTukka vecciTum</font><br> <font size=+1>A simple cold or fever will lay him low.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay o's hands on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> find; trace; locate<br> x ( ) ; <br> <font size=+1>niinga keekkra faile ingeedaan vecceen, aanaa ade ippo ennaale kaNTupiTikka muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I kept the file you ask for right here; but now I can't lay my hands on it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kai vayyi)</font> 6b tr + NP + ~meel~ <br> lay a finger on s.o.; use force against s.o.; harm or hurt physically<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii marubaTiyum ava meele kai veccaa, naan on kaiye muricciTuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you lay your hands on her again, I'll break your arm.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTut tole)</font> 6b tr <br> let up on s.t. or s.o.; knock (it) off; cool it; chill out<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>ee! summaa iru! viTTu tole!</font><br> <font size=+1>Hey! Shut up and lay off, will you?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop, as criticizing, etc.; cease, as an activity or an action<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ava eppodaan enne koresolrade nirutta pooraaLoo?</font><br> <font size=+1>When is she ever going to lay off criticizing me?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ooyveTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> take a break or rest; rest<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga angee konja neeram ooyveTuttukkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They took a break and laid off for a little while.</font><br> 1) (nirutti tole) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> spread or apply a coat, as of paint, plaster, varnish, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga kaare puusa aarambiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They began to lay on the plaster.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> spread or apply a coat, as of paint, varnish, whitewash, or lipstick; deal, as blows<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan enda sovattule suNNaambu aTiccaan?</font><br> <font size=+1>Which wall did he lay the whitewash on?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> impose, as tax; lay upon; put or impose (a charge, a responsibility, etc.) upon s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enmeele somattura kuttaccaaTTu oree poyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>The charge he lays on me is an utter lie.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ame)</font> 6 tr <br> provide pipes, wire, etc. that supply water or electricity<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He has laid on water and electricity in his house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaaTu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> put on, sponsor, provide lavishly<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??vyaabaari periya vizaa eezpaaTu paNNnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The merchant laid on a big feast.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay one's hands on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(??kaipparru [kayyipattu?])</font> 3 tr <br> seize or grab, as contraband goods<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Customs Department managed to lay its hands on smuggled gold worth thousands of rupees.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay open</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> explain; make s.t. plain or clear<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda vakkiil avarooTa vaadatte velakkinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The lawyer laid open his argument.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> reveal, uncover or make known, as a plot, a secret, etc.; lay bare<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nirubardaan anda arasiyal pramuharooTa rahasiyangaLe veLippaTuttinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>This is the reporter who laid open the secrets of that political leader.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teriya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.t. to be known or comprehended; reveal, as truth, hidden or esoteric knowledge, etc.; explain, as theory, a case, a crux, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He laid open the doctrines of Saivism for everybody.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(peLa, poLa)</font> 7 tr <br> split open, as the head, the skull, or the forehead<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aTi avan maNTeye peLandicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The blow laid open his skull.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give, provide, or contribute (money)<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga pooTappoora naaTahattukku enne een paNam kuTukka solriinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why ask me to lay out money for the play you're putting on?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu mayangi viza seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> strike or knock s.o. down unconscious; cause s.o. to fall down unconscious by beating<br> <font size=+1>That boxer just laid out his opponent in the very first round, and the guy was done for</font><br> 1) (aTicu pooTTuTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (aTiccu viizttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> draw up or make a plan, as for a building, a town, a housing colony, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tooTTatte naanee tiTTamiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I laid out the plans for my garden myself.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (selavu seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(selavu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> spend or expend (money); pay in advance<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan paNatte paattu selavu paNNadillee</font><br> <font size=+1>When she built a new house, she laid out her money very carefully.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> take, as clothes, and put them ready for wearing; put in order or arrange, as equipments, tools, etc. for inspection, exhibition, etc.<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava saayangaala virundukku teeveyaana tuNingaLe eTuttu veccikkiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was laying out the clothes required for the evening party.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay s.t. on (thick)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aLa)</font> 7 intr <br> exaggerate or enlarge s.t. beyond the truth or bounds; overstate; talk big<br> ?? ; [w ?]<br> <font size=+1>??avan peecce keeTTu eemaandu poohaadee; avan summaa taLLiviTuvaan [where is aLa?]</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't be taken in by his talk; he lays it on really thick.</font><br> 1) (meheppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay s.t. on (thick)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ais vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> flatter; praise too greatly or exaggeratedly; pour it on; butter s.o. up<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avan ais veccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He really laid it on thick.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seettu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> store up; collect and stock; put away for future use or need; lay by<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta aaru maasattukku teeveyaana maliha saamaangaLe ava seettu vecciTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's laid up provisions necessary for the next six months.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTukka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> (of illness) cause s.o. to be confined to bed; cause to be in bed<br> <br> <font size=+1>maleeriyaa kaaccal avane paTukka vecciTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He's laid up with malaria.</font><br> 1) (seemicci vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lay waste</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> ravage; make (a place) desolate or bare; destroy<br> <br> <font size=+1>??neettu naTanda ena kalavaram anda graamatte paazaakki viTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The communal riot that took place yesterday laid waste to the whole village</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> lounge or idle; rest lazily<br> , <br> <font size=+1>neeram irundaa, summaa irukkradee suham</font><br> <font size=+1>If you have the time, it's delightful to just laze around.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laze about/around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa suttu)</font> 3 intr <br> fool around; move about lazily or enjoyably; kick back, hang out, lie about<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan biicledaan summaa suttikkiTTiruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He'll be lazing about (around) on the beach.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>laze away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozudu pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> while away, as a few hours, a day, a week, a period of time<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda vaara kaTesiye eppaTi pozudupookkradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How to while away (laze away) this weekend?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa poozudu pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> spend or pass lazily, as time, life, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaaratte naama summaa pookkiyaacci</font><br> <font size=+1>We have managed to laze away the whole week.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lazy, be, feel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soombalaa iru)</font> 7 intr + dat <br> feel indolent or sluggish<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki enakku soombalaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I feel lazy today.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lazy, be/feel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soombeerittanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be slothful, indolent, or idle<br> <br> <font size=+1>soomberittanamaana payyan</font><br> <font size=+1>a lazy boy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soombal paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be or feel sluggish or indolent; be or feel unwilling to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paTukkeye viTTu ezundirukkakkuuTa soombalpaTraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She feels too lazy to even get up out of bed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lead</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to walk or move in a certain direction; cause (a person or animal) to go with one by drawing them along. show (s.o.) the way to a destination by preceding or accompanying them.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga talaivar engaLe sariyaana paadeyile naTattiTTu poovaarNNu engaLukku nambikke irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>We have nourished the belief that our leader would lead us in the right direction</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTupooy seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> (of a passage, a street, etc.) take s.o. to a place<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>neeraa pooy valadu pakkattle irukkra modal teruvile tirumbunga; anda teru ongaLe avar viiTTukku koNTupooy seekkum (seettuTum)</font><br> <font size=+1>Go straight and turn right into the first street, which will lead you to his house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttukkiTTu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> bring or drag s.o. with force; frogmarch; lead s.o. 'kicking and screaming'<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga anda paiyane en viiTTukkuLLee izuttukkiTTu vandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The led the boy into my house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mun niNNu naTatti poo @(Nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> (of a person) be in front or at the head and command (an army, etc.); conduct (a procession, a parade, etc.) or guide (a nation, a movement, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>soomaaliyaave mun niNNu naTatti pooha yaarum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>Somalia doesn't have anybody who can lead the whole country.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taleme taangi naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> command, as an army, etc; direct, conduct, head up, or guide, as a movement, an organization, a mutiny, a political party, a procession, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda paTeye yaaru taleme taangi naTattappooraanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who is going to lead this army?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(vazippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause a way to open<br> <font size=+1>Moses led his people into the Red Sea, and the waters parted for them, according to the Bible</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaale poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go in front, as in a procession, a parade, etc.; go ahead, as to show the way<br> <font size=+1>Who was leading the procession?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> carry on; pass or go through, as a kind of life<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??avan naaNayamaana vaazkke naTatta paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>She led a simple life.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> escort or guide, as a group of tourists, etc.; accompany, as a stranger to show the way; conduct, as a person or animal by holding or guiding<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda kudiraye kayitte piTicci kuuTTikkiTTu poo!</font><br> <font size=+1>Lead this horse by the rope!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> conduct (a procession, an agitation, etc.); guide (a nation, a movement, etc.); be in the forefront of a movement;<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>niiyaa engaLe vazinaTatta pooree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Are you going to lead us?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(vazikaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show the way; act as a guide or leader<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>naan vazikkaaTTreen; niinga en pinnaale vaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll lead; you follow me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(modalaavadaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be at the top position, as in a list; have first place, as in production, implementation, etc.<br> <font size=+1>The US leads in the consumption of petroleum products</font><br> 1) (munnaNiyle iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> induce, influence or spur s.o., as to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? avane patti maru madippiiTu seyyumbaTi avanooTa aTutta keeLvi enne tuuNTinadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His next question led me to reevaluate (my opinion) of him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of a road, path, etc.) go; afford passage<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda teruvu avan viiTTukku poovudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This street leads to his house.</font><br> 1) (azecci-kiTTu poo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lead astray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> put into confusion; disturb; confuse, mislead, throw s.o. off<br> <br> <font size=+1>peesumboodu mattavangaLe kozappaama peesu</font><br> <font size=+1>Do not lead others astray when you speak; talk clearly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi tavara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to lose o's way; confuse, disorient; lead s.o. down the garden path; waylay<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTTa sahavaasam avane vazitavara senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Bad company has led him astray</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pookku kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> mislead; amuse (a child); lead s.o. on a merry chase, on a wild goose chase, down the garden path<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tiruTan ellaarukkum konja neeram pookku kaaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>For a while there. the thief led everybody on a merry chase</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lead off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarambi)</font> 6b tr, intr <br> start; begin<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Kaanan led off the interview by asking a question about the need for bringing out a new magazine.</font><br> 1) (toTangu) 3 tr, intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lead s.o. on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) [ ?] </B> <font size=+1>([namba?] vayyi)</font> 6b tr + inf <br> cause or make s.o., as to think, to believe, to guess, etc.; induce; lead s.o. down the garden path<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe kalyaaNam senjikka pooraaNNu nambaveccirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He led her (on) to believe that he would marry her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lead to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazivahu)</font> 6 tr <br> pave the way for<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>What will lead to world peace?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooy muTi)</font> 2b intr + NP + ~il~ <br> end up in; result in<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu kozappattle pooy muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>This will lead to confusion.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lead up to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> request or ask for s.t. evasively or gradually<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>namma veelekkaaran enna aTipooTraan?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's the servant leading up to?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leaf out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ele viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> put forth, grow or develop leaves<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda koyyaa maram eleviTa aarambicciTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The guava tree has begun to leaf out.</font><br> 1) (tuLir-viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLir)</font> 6 intr <br> sprout; put forth leaves; shoot out, as plants<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>anda maanjjeTi tuLukkaadu; adu paTTuppooyiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>That mango plant won't leaf out; it's dead.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leaf through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn over or thumb through, as the pages of a book, magazine, file, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru naavale poraTTikkiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was leafing through [the pages of] a novel.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poraTTi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> thumb, brouse or glance through, as the pages of a book, etc.; have a look at<br> ( ) ; <br> <font size=+1>onga pustahatte naan oru taTave poraTTi paatteen; ade naan innum paTikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I just leafed through your book once; I haven't read it yet.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>league (together)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTiNiyaa uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring together in a coalition; cause to become a league; form into a league; affiliate; join, link, as in a coalition<br> , <br> <font size=+1>Unless we league these small parties together, we will certainly be defeated in the elections.</font><br> 1) (kuuTTu seera vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTaNiyaa eNe)</font> 2 intr <br> (of political parties, trade unions, etc.) join or combine into a coalition; become an association; get or work together for a temporary goal or purpose; join a temporary coalition<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>How did these four trade unions (manage to) league together?</font><br> 1) (kuuTTu seeru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozuhvayyi @(Rb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to drop or fall by drops<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozaaye ozungaa muuTaama avan taNNiye ozuhaveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>By not closing the tap properly, he caused the water to leak out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kasi)</font> 2b intr <br> (of gas, liquid) ooze out<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kuzaayile inda eTattledaan neettu taNNi kasinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Here's the spot where the water leaked from the pipe yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3at <br> reveal; divulge; let out, as a secret, information, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It may serve someone's purpose to leak the information about the Prime Minister's visit.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ozuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> let or allow in or out through a leak, as fluid; pass in or out through a leak; drain or drip out<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paattrattle paal ozuhudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Milk is leaking from this vessel.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kasi)</font> 2b intr <br> become known to everyone gradually, as secrets, information; ooze, trickle out; become public, as unauthorized information, political secrets, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennadaan nii ennooTe vaaye kaTTi pooTTaalum inda seedi veLiyile kasiyaama irukkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter what you do to shut my mouth, this news won't remain only among us but will eventually leak out to everyone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leak out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyle vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> (of a secret, a fact, news, etc.) come out, get out; become public; be revealed by chance<br> j , <br> <font size=+1>naama jaakradeyaa irundaa, inda vishayam veLiyile varaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If we're careful, this matter won't leak out.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 4bi <br> (of a secret, a fact, or truth) become known or public; be or get revealed<br> <br> <font size=+1>His secret leaked out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lean</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 6b tr <br> incline or bend, as o's head or body<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ooTradukku tayaaraa avan oTambe konjam munnaale saaccikkiTTu niNNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He stood ready to run, leading his body forward a little.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saanjukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> incline or rest, as against or on s.t. for support<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>en tooLLe saanjikkooyeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you lean on my shoulder?</font><br> 1) (saatti vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uuNikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to rest; prop, as o's hands, elbows, feet, or knees; support o.s. on s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan en valadu kaale oru keLeyile uuNikkiTTu eTudu kaale tuukki aTutta keLeyile vecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I leaned my right leg against a branch and lifted my other leg and climbed onto the next branch.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 2b intr <br> incline or bend, as the upper part of the body; rest against or on s.t. for support<br> <br> <font size=+1>bassle en pakkattle okkaandirundavan tuukkattle en meele saanjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The man who was sitting beside me on the bus leaned on [against] me in his sleep.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(saanjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be slanting; incline, as in a particular direction; recline<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veeli oru pakkamaa saanjirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This fence leaned to one side.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(saaccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to rest; prop s.t. against s.t.; make s.t. support itself by leaning against<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda naarkaaliye maTakki meejeyile saacciveccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She folded the chair and leaned it against the table.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 6b tr <br> move to a slanting position, tilt; list, cant, slant<br> <br> <font size=+1>paiye sovattule saaccu vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Lean the bag against the wall.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lean on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambu)</font> 3 tr <br> depend or rely on<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama teerdal vaakkrudingale nambaveeNTiyadille</font><br> <font size=+1>We don't have to lean on promises made during elections.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nambiyiru)</font> 7 tr <br> be dependent on; rely on<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>A country that is leaning on imports will not progress rapidly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meraTTippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> bear heavily on s.o.; make demands of s.o. (to fulfill a promise, for overdue work, etc.)<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>nii avane meraTTi paakkaade; avane veere vaziyaattaan gavanikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't lean on him [too heavily]; we'll deal with him in another way.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lean towards</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 2b intr <br> incline or tend, as towards a group, party, idea, s.o., etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>kuLir poor ippa muTinjadanaale, inda naaTu enda pakkam saayum?</font><br> <font size=+1>Now that the Cold War is over, which way will this country lean?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lean, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olliyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of persons, animals, or the body) be thin, lanky or slim<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>olliyaana oTambu</font><br> <font size=+1>a lean body</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taavu)</font> 3 intr <br> jump up, as if to catch s.t. overhead; spring or jump, as from s.t. to s.t. else; jump, as to a conclusion<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama enda muTivukkum oTane taavakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We mustn't leap to any immediate conclusions.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLi kudi)</font> 6b intr <br> jump or hop, as with joy, happiness, etc.; spring or jump quickly, such as to avoid danger<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avan laariye paattadum oru pakkamaa tuLLi kudiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as he saw the truck [lorry] he leaped aside.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paayi)</font> 2b intr <br> jump; spring or pounce<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda puli oru aaTumeele paanjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tiger leaped on a sheep.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kudi)</font> 6b intr <br> jump; spring; plunge or dive, as into water<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava niiccal koLattle kudiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She leaped into the swimming pool.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTi kudi)</font> 6b tr <br> jump over, as a fence, a wall, a trench, etc.; leap over<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda veeliye taaNTi kudiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He leaped over the fence.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLiyezu)</font> 2 intr <br> spring up to o's feet, as in joy or anticipation, or out of respect<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava uLLee vandadum naan tuLLiyezundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as she came in I leaped up.</font><br> 1) (taavi kudi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leap at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gappNNu piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> seize eagerly, as a chance, etc.; accept quickly, as an offer, a job, etc.; jump at (a chance etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga anda veeleye kuTuttaa naan ade gapp-NNu piTiccikkuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>If they offer that job, I'll leap at it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leap into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paLicciTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of an idea, a hunch, etc.) flash or come suddenly, as through the mind;<br> ( ) ( )<br> <font size=+1>anda yoosane avan manasile paLicciTucci (paLiccu-NNu tooNadu)</font><br> <font size=+1>The idea suddenly leaped into his mind.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leap to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taavu)</font> 3 intr <br> jump or come hastily, as to a conclusion<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda vishayattle anda muTivukku taaviyirukka veeNTaam</font><br> <font size=+1>She shouldn't (needn't) have leaped to that conclusion.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>learn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payil)</font> 1 tr & intr <br> acquire by practice, as an art or skill; study, as a language or subject; study as in a school, etc.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??Political parties attempt to make use of students studying (learning) in schools.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakikkoo @(sh tr, intr)@)</font> 1 tr, intr <br> acquire by practice, as a skill or an art; pick up or gain by exposure, experience, or familiarity, as a habit, an accent, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan meduvaattaan pazahikkivaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He learns slowly but surely.</font><br> 1) ~(1 & )~ (kattukkoo) 4 tr, intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kattukkoo @(sh tr, intr)@)</font> 1 tr, intr <br> acquire or gain knowledge of or skill in s.t. by instruction, study, practice or experience; pick up by exposure, experience or familiarity, as a habit, a mannerism, a quality, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ammaakkiTTeyirundu porumeye kattukkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I learned patience from my mother.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTi)</font> 6b t, intr <br> pick up or study, as a language or subject; commit to memory or memorize by reading repeatedly, as a poem, an answer to a question, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nallaa paTikka maaTTaaNNu enakku paTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It strikes me that he won't learn well.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cram; memorize, as for tests, examinations, etc.<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>naan anju keeLvi badile uruvaTiccirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've learned five questions and their answers.</font><br> 1) (teriya vaa) 2c tr + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(terinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> get to know; find out; ascertain<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama inda vishayatte pattina uNmeye terinjikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to learn the (unvarnished) truth about this matter.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(manappaaTam paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> learn s.t. by heart; commit to or fix in memory; memorize; cram, as for tests, recitation, etc.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>ava sonna aTTrese avan manappaaTam paNNikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He learned by heart [committed to memory] the address she told him</font><br> 1) (uru pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(teriya vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come to know; become informed or be told s.t.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>appaavukku keensar-NNu neettudaan enakku teriyavandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Only yesterday I learned that Father has cancer.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>learn about/of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLvippaTu)</font> 4 intr + ~pa66i~ pa <br> be told or informed about; come to know of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda sadiyeppatti enakkum teriyavandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I too learned of (about) this plot.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttahe viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> rent land out to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan inda nelatte kuttahe viTappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to lease this land out.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttahekki eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> get by lease or take a lease on (a land, a farm, etc.); rent<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda maandooppe avakiTTe irundu kuttehekki eTukka pooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's going to lease that mango grove from her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lease (from)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> get by lease or take a lease on (a building, a flat, a shop, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan inda kaTeye avankiTTe irundu vaaTehekki eTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I leased this shop from him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lease (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> let or grant a lease on (a building, a shop, a house, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda viiTTe onakku vaaTehekki viTamaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He won't lease (rent) that house to you.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttahekki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> let or grant a lease on (a land, a farm, a mango grove, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en tooTTatte en maamaavukku kuttehekki viTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've leased (out) my farm to my uncle.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sangili maaTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> put restraints on; put in chains, shackles or fetters<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaye sangili maaTTaamadaan naan ellaa eTattukkum koNTupooveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I take my dog everywhere without leashing it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> let go; add (as an ingredient in food preparation)<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne viTTuTuNNu avan kattinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shouted "Leave me!"</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(porappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> set out; start out; depart; embark on a journey<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naaLekki meTraasukku porappaTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's leave for Madras tomorrow.</font><br> 1) (minju) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pooyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> go out of sight; vanish; pass away (of persons); vacate<br> <br> <font size=+1>en viiTTulerundu pooyiTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Leave my house</font><br> 1) (keLambu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> quit, as a job; give up or abandon, as a habit or activity; commit to s.o., as a decision, implementation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vishayatteppattina muTive onakku viTTuTareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I leave the decision about this matter to you.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaccuTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> bequeath or will, as property, money, etc.; give into the care of or entrust, as luggage, parcels, articles, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>niinga onga saamaanellaam enga viiTTle veccuTTupoohalaam; engaLukku oru tolleyum ille.</font><br> <font size=+1>You can leave all your stuff in our house ; it's no trouble for us.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeeru)</font> 3 intr +NPacc+~vi8u~ <br> depart or go away, as from a room, a house, a country, etc.; abandon, as o's family; quit, as a job, an office, etc.; cease to remain with, as a party, a faction, etc.; get up and go; quit<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan inda veele veLiyeera pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going to leave this job.</font><br> 1) (veele viTu) 4<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> drop, as a matter under consideration or discussion; give up or abandon, as a habit, an activity, etc.; let s.o. alone without interference<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>anda naaykkuTTiye siiNTaadee; ade summaa viTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't tease the puppy; leave it alone.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(velahu)</font> 3 intr +acc+~vi88~ <br> depart or deviate, as from a specific path; quit, as a job, a position, etc.; cease to remain, as with a person, a party, a group, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda padaviyeviTTu velahaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't leave this post (don't quit this job).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> let stay or cause to be as specified<br> j <br> <font size=+1>ava eppavum jannale saattivekkamaaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She never leaves the window closed [she always leaves the window open]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> bequeath or will, as property, money, etc.; have remaining after death, as a widow, sons, etc.; entrust or give in charge, as an animal, children, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>niinga onga poNNe engakiTTe viTTuTTu poohalaam; naanga avaLe paattukkroom</font><br> <font size=+1>You can (may) leave your daughter (girl) with us; we'll look after her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go; go away or set out<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava aTutta sanikkizame singappuurukku pooraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is leaving for Singapore next Saturday.</font><br> 1) (keLambu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTuttuTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> give into the care of or hand over, as a parcel, a letter, a message, etc.; entrust for<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan enakku eedaavadu tahaval kuTuttuTTu poonaanaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Did he leave any message for me?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr + acc+~vi8u~ <br> go away, as from a place; quit, as a job, etc.; cease to remain with, as a spouse, a party, a group, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan manevi avane viTTuTTu pooha pooraa</font><br> <font size=+1>His wife is going to leave him.</font><br> 1) (keLambu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leave (behind)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> let stay in the same place, condition, etc.; put off or postpone temporarily; let s.t. remain, as for action, decision, etc.; give in charge, as an animal; bequeath, as property, money, etc.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naan aafiisle nereya veeleye viTTuveccirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've left plenty of work (behind) in the office.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leave (cf. be left)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miccamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be left as remainder; be left over, as a surplus<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNa selavu pooha evvaLavu paNam miccamaahum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How much money will be left after the marriage expenses?</font><br> 1) (miidiyaahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leave (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nirutti vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> stop or cease, as doing s.t. for some time, temporarily; quit or give up s.t. for a while<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan kuTikkrade oru vaaram niruttivecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I left off drinking for a week.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leave (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> entrust or hand over, as a responsibility, a job, etc.; hand over or give into the care of, as a baby, a person, an animal, an article, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naheppeTTiye ava enkiTTe oppaTeccirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's left the jewel box with me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTuttu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> give or hand over for safekeeping, as jewels, money, valuable articles, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avakiTTe nii edeyum kuTuttu vekkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You can leave anything with her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leave behind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> fail to take by accident; forget to take<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamaa seruppe viTTuTTu pooyTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Uncle has left his chappals behind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTTu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> fail to bring by accident; forget to bring along<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan kaTeyileeye koTeye vecciTTu vanduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've left the umbrella behind at the shop.</font><br> 1) (vecciTTu vaa) 2c tr<br> 2) (vecciTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leave off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niNNu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of rain or wind) stop or cease<br> , ?<br> <font size=+1>maze niNNu pooccaa illeyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Has the rain left off or not?</font><br> 1) (niNNuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leave out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> forget to include s.t.; make s.t. incomplete; omit<br> .<br> <font size=+1>niinga inda kaTTureyile romba uNmehaLe viTTuTTiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>You have left out many facts in this essay</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> exclude s.o. intentionally; fail to consider s.o.; ignore s.o.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>poduvaa avankiTTe yaarum peesaradille; avane ellaarum odukkiTaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Generally nobody speaks to him; everybody leaves him out.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> exclude or remove, as a name from a list, a word from a text, etc.<br> ; , <br> <font size=+1>on kavide nallaave irukku; nii kaTesi reNTu varingaLe eTuttuTTaa idu kaccidamaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Your poem is quite good; if you leave out the last two lines, it will be excellent.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> exclude or omit s.t. or s.o.; fail to consider s.o.<br> ; ( ) <br> <font size=+1>enne viTTuTaadee; on tuurle enneyum seettukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't leave me out; take me along on your tour.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leave s.o. in the lurch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> abandon, betray<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaTesi nimishattule enna kaiviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He left me in the lurch at the last minute.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leave s.t. off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuttole)</font> 6b tr <br> give up; desist from. quit<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kuTikkrade viTTuttoleccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He left off drinking.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop, as doing s.t.; quit or give up, as a habit; discontinue, as work<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava veelekki poorade niruttikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She left off going to work.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lecture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sorpozivaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> make a formal speech; declaim, orate<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga peeraasiriyar iNNekki kalluuri maidaanattule sorpozivaattuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My professor will be lecturing on the college grounds today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oreyaattu)</font> 3 intr <br> give a lecture; make a speech<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??no exe here of uraiyaarru??</font><br> <font size=+1>This woman is going to lecture about the Bible.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(corpozivaarru)</font> 3 intr <br> give a lecture; make a speech<br> ? { ?]<br> <font size=+1>?? no exe's of corpozivaarru!</font><br> <font size=+1>He lectured on/about Sangam literature.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(prasangam vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> hold forth, deliver a lecture<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(virivureyaattu)</font> 3 intr <br> give a lecture, as in a classroom for instruction<br> <br> <font size=+1>??naaLekki enga peeraasiriyaru praasaTiye patti virivureyaattuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our professor will lecture on prosody tomorrow.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leech</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTTe maadiri urijciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> suck or drain like a leech<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa pazahaadee; avan onne aTTe maadiri urinjiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't hang around with him; he'll leech you dry.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTTe maadiri oTTikkoo @(sh intr, tr)@)</font> 1 intr, tr <br> cling or stick like a leech to s.o.; hang onto s.o. like a leech<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe aTTe maadiri oTTikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He leeched onto her [stuck to her like a leech].</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leer (at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paattu iLi)</font> 6b tr <br> stare, gaze, or grin lasciviously or mischievously at s.o.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inimee nii en mahaLe paattu iLiccaa, on palle oTecciTuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you leer at my daughter like that one more time, I'll knock your teeth in.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>left over, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minjiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be or continue to be: remain or be residual<br> <br> <font size=+1>minjiyirukkude enakku kuTungaLeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Why not give me whatever's left over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>left, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minju)</font> 3 intr <br> be left as remainder; be left over; remain<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ippaTi selavu paNNaa eduvum minjaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you spend like this, nothing will be left (over).</font><br> 1) (miccam-aahu) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(miidiyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be left over; remain; be surplus<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki nereya saappaaTu miidiyaayiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>Today there's plenty of food left over.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>legalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTapuurvamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make legal or lawful<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela naaTunga vibasaaratte saTTapuurvamaakki irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Some countries have legalized prostitution.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>legislate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTamiyarru)</font> 3ai <br> make or enact laws<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We are to legislate for the people below the poverty line.</font><br> 1) (saTTattaale uNTu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTattaale uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> create by law or legislation; bring into existence by legislation; cause s.t. to exist by legislating it<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>naama tirameye (meedengaLe) saTTattaale uruvaakka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can we legislate talent (genius)?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTattaale kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> control by law or legislation<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>niinga vadandiye (manasaacciye) saTTattaale kaTTuppaTutta paakkriinga</font><br> <font size=+1>You just try to legislate [and control] rumors (conscience).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>legislate [change to mitigate] against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTepaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> prevent; stop; obstruct; alleviate, reduce, diminish, lessen, weaken, attenuate, allay, assuage, palliate, appease, soothe, relieve, ease, soften, temper, mollify, lighten, still, quieten, quiet, tone<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>rayil kaTTaNa adiharippu naan aTikkaTi prayaaNam poorade taTepaTuttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hike in train fare mitigates against my doing any travelling.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>legitimate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(esevaLi)</font> 6 intr <br> give sanction, as officially or formally; allow, permit<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't understand how the Honorable Minister legitimized this expenditure (scheme).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTappaTi sellacceyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make or cause to be valid legally<br> <br> <font size=+1>onga vaarisu urimeye naan saTTappaTi sellacceyyareen</font><br> <font size=+1>??How can I legitimate the right I [you?] have over this property?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> justify; make s.t. just, right, or proper<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda kaaraNamum nii senja koleye nyaayappaTuttaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>No excuse can (will) legitimate the murder you committed.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sariNNu rusuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> prove s.t. to be right, just, or proper<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en arasiyal koLheye sariNNu rusuppaTuttradu sulabam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's easy for me to legitimate my political theory (principle).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>legitimize (see legitimate)}</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTukkal vaangal cey @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> deal in money lending<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??ava leevaadeevi seyrade niruttiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's stopped lending.</font><br> 1) (eraval taa) 2c tr<br> 2) ~(1 )~ (leevaadeevi seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aLi)</font> 6b tr <br> give, as aid, help, etc.; contribute freely, as money, time or experience to a movement, a cause, etc.; bestow or impart, as a quality<br> <br> <font size=+1>??pirivu kaadalukku tiiviram aLikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Separation lends intensity to love ("absence makes the heart grow fonder".)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTanaa kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give out (money) as loan; allow the use of (money) at interest<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avanukku ainuuru ruubaa kaTanaa kuTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lent him 500 rupees.</font><br> 1) (kaTan taa) 2c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaimaattu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> loan (esp. a small amount of money) for a short period with or without interest; give a loan out of pocket, on the spur of the moment<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii enakku pattu ruubaa kaimaattu kuTukka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you lend me ten rupees out of pocket?</font><br> 1) (kaTanaa taa) 2c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give or supply with, as money, arms, weapons, etc.; bestow, as quality; contribute freely, as money to a movement, a cause, a political party, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda arasiyal kaccikkum avan paNam kuTukkamaaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He won't lend [give] money to any political party whatsoever</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTan kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> loan (money); give out (money) at interest<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enakku aayiram ruubaa kaTan kuTuttirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's lent me 1000 rupees.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lend (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eraval kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> grant the use of s.t.; give out s.t. on the condition that it or its equivalent will be returned<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda pustahatte nii enakku oru naaL maTTum eraval kuTuttaa poodum</font><br> <font size=+1>It's enough if you lend me this book just for a day</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lend assistance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> lend a hand, give aid, take part in<br> <br> <font size=+1>oruttaru vaazkkeyile kashTappaTrapoodu naama avarukku kaikuTuttu udavaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should try to lend assistance to people who are really having a hard time in their lives</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lengthen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTi)</font> 6 tr <br> make longer; prolong, as a discourse, a talk, a discussion, a meeting, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They lengthened [prolonged] their discussion.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niiLamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make longer; make greater in length, as garments<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava pooTTa kooTTe avan innum konjam niiLamaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lengthened the line she drew.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(niiLu)</font> 1 intr <br> grow long or longer; extend in time or space<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Days lengthened into months and I didn't get a letter from her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make longer, as a line, a story, an essay, etc.; prolong, as a talk, a discussion, a meeting, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peecce niiTTraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lengthens [prolongs] his talk [unnecessarily].</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lengthen (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make (steps or stride) long or longer, extend outward<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan aTiye eTTiveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lengthened his stride.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>less, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> (of wind, flood, heat, feelings, like anger, hunger, etc.) become less; abate; be appeased, decrease in strength, go down<br> <br> <font size=+1>en talevali konjam taNinjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>??My headache has grown less a little.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>less, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of wind, noise, hunger, thirst, feelings like irritation, anger, etc.) become less; diminish; be appeased or allayed<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>on aattiram eppa aTangum?</font><br> <font size=+1>When will your fury (anger) grow less [subside]?</font><br> 1) (kore) 2b intr<br> 2) (kore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> become less; decrease or diminish<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaTan eppa koreyum-NNu ennaale solla muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm unable to say when my debt (debts) will grow less.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lessen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make lower; curtail, assuage; minimize, downsize, lower<br> <br> <font size=+1>ongaLukku irundum kaTan tollengaLe konjam maTTuppaTuttradu rombavum nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It would be really good if you could lessen the debt burden that you have right now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> make less; reduce; decrease; diminish; detract from<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ava kaTesi naavalooTa serappe korekka paakkree</font><br> <font size=+1>You're trying to lessen the greatness of her last novel.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> grow or become less; decrease; diminish, go down<br> <br> <font size=+1>aneehamaa inda nuuTraaNTule eNNe vaLam koreyalaam.</font><br> <font size=+1>Oil reserves will probably lessen in this century.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(surungu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of income and expenditure) grow less; shrink; (of resources, facilities, etc.) decrease; diminish<br> ( ) , <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If the financial resources lessen, industries will be hampered.</font><br> 1) (kore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow to do or to happen; permit s.o. to do s.t.; contract (work) for performance<br> <br> <font size=+1>onga kozandengaLe teruvile veLeyaaTaviTaadeenga</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't let your children play in the street.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> rent or lease out, as a building, a flat, a room, a shop, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda kaTeye vaaTehekki viTTirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She has let (out) the shop.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttahekki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be it assumed or supposed that; let it be the case that (X)<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??kooNam ee kooNam biikku samam enga</font><br> <font size=+1>Let angle A be equal to angle B.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(anumadi)</font> 6b tr <br> allow or permit s.o. to go, to come, or to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aafiisle naan yaareyum tuunga anumadikka maaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I won't let anyone sleep in (at) the office.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of rain, fever, cold, headache, etc.) slacken; abate; gradually stop, weaken, relent<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>inda maze (kaaccal) eppa viTum?</font><br> <font size=+1>When will this rain (fever) let up?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let (s.o., s.t.) down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow or permit s.o. or s.t. to descend or come down<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga anda tiruTane kuureyeviTTu erangaviTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They (his accomplices) let the thief down from the roof.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(erakkiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> lower, as a window, a curtain, rolling shutters, etc.<br> ( ) ; j <br> <font size=+1>inda rayil veehamaa poohum; jannale erakkiviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>This train will go fast; let (i.e. lower) the window sash down.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> desert, forsake or abandon, as friends, dependents, etc.; disappoint<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paNam tiindadum ellaarum avane kaiviTTuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When his money was all spent, everybody let him down.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fail to keep a promise to; fail or disappoint; leave s.o. in the lurch; strand s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paNam kaTTna kudire enne eemaattiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The horse I bet on let me down.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kazuttaru)</font> 6 tr <br> (lit: cut the neck) fail to keep o's promise to s.o. or to do s.t.; fail, disappoint, or betray; leave in the lurch, betray<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>enga kaar engaLe kazuttaruttuTTadu; illeeNNaa naanga siikkram vandiruppoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Our car had let us down; otherwise we'd have come earlier</font><br> 1) (avizttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaale vaariviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fail to keep o's word to; fail or betray; (lit.: ?? tie the legs?)<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kacci aaLungaLe enne kaale vaariviTTuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Members of my own party (have) let me down.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let fly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(udiru)</font> 6 tr <br> fire off, as anecdotes; crack, as jokes<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>While she was lecturing (talking) last evening, she let quite a few anecdotes fly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiccukkiTTupoohaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.o., s.t. to get away or escape<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ivaLe tappiccikkiTTu poohaviTaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't let her go (get away)!</font><br> 1) (tappaviTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let go of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release o's hold (of); stop holding<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kayittu moneye viTTuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Let go of the other end of the rope.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let go of/from</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poohaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.o. to go; let s.o. free<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>anda puuneye een vazmarikkree? ade poohaviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you holding onto that cat? Let it go.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let on that/about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> acknowledge or indicate o's awareness of s.t.; pretend; let slip, let it be known<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avaLe oru paNakkaariyaa kaaTTikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She let on that she was a rich woman.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> breathe or utter, as a secret; reveal or divulge, as a secret or s.t. secret<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda koleyeppatti nii muuccuviTTaa onne tiittukkaTTiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If you let on about this murder, they'll kill you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> leak out, as a secret, etc.; disclose<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kuTumbam avan aTeyaaLatte pattiya irakaciyatte kaTeciyil veLippaTutticci</font><br> <font size=+1>His family finally let the secret out as to his identity</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow to come into, as a person, an animal, etc.; permit to enter<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>avane nii een en aafiisukkuLLee varaviTTee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did you let him into my office?</font><br> 1) (nozeya viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.o. to come in; permit s.o. to enter<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe uLLee varaviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He let her in.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seeraviTu)</font> 4 tr + NP + ~il~ -le <br> allow or permit s.o. to join<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan enne avanga Tiimle seeraviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He let me into (onto) their team.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. in (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> tell; reveal or disclose, as a secret, etc.; divulge, share<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma tiTTatte yaarkiTTeyum sollaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't let anybody in on our plan.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. in for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLaakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> involve o.s., as in loss, mess, trouble, hard work, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She married him and let herself in for hell.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaLaakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> involve o.s., as in trouble, loss, etc.; set o.s. up for<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>nii inda vyaabaaram senjaa nii onne nashTattukkuttaan aaLaakkikkuvee</font><br> <font size=+1>If you do this business, you'll let yourself in for loss.</font><br> 1) (maaTTikkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> 2) (maaTTavaccuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. in on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> tell; disclose or reveal, as a secret; allow s.o. to know s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide avakiTTe solliTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't let her in on this.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. know</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyappaTuttiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> inform by word of mouth or by writing<br> ( ) , <br> <font size=+1>ava Tillikki poonadum enakku teriya-paTuttiTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She'll let me know as soon as she reaches Delhi.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.o. to go, as with little or no punishment; excuse or pardon<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane naama leesaa viTTuTa kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We mustn't let him off so lightly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. or s.t. in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nozeyaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.o. or s.t. to enter; admit; let the camel into the tend<br> <br> <font size=+1>sandeehatte nozeyaviTradu aabattu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's dangerous to let doubt (enter) in.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttahekki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> rent, hire or lease out, as land, a farm, a grove of mango trees, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ava inda tennandooppe kuttahekki viTuvaaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Will she let out this mango grove?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. out of s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTudale seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> set s.o. free; release s.o. from confinement, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Let our (labor) union leader out of prison!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyle viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.o. to get out of (a place)<br> <br> <font size=+1>onne inda areyileyirundu veLiyileviTamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I won't let you out of this room.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooha viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow to go or to pass<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe inda teru vaziyaa poohaviTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't let her (pass) through this street.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paas paNNaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.o. to pass (an examination, a test, or an interview)<br> ( ) , <br> <font size=+1>nii koreccalaa maark vaanginaa, avanga onne paaspaNNaviTa maaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If you get low marks, they won't let you through.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezundirukka viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.o. to get up<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>avaLe ezundirukka viTraa, maTeyaa!</font><br> <font size=+1>Let her (get) up, you fool!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o., s.t. alone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> leave s.o., s.t. alone; stop worrying, troubling, etc.<br> ! ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avaLe summaa viTu! ava pariiccekki paTiccikkiTTirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Let her alone; she's studying for the examination.</font><br> 1) (peesaame viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o., s.t. be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> leave s.o., s.t. alone; allow to be quiet or unbothered<br> !<br> <font size=+1>paaTTiye summaa viTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Let Grandma be!</font><br> 1) (peesaame viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o., s.t. loose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avizttuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> unchain, as a dog, a horse, etc.; release, as school children, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>ongaLe paLLikkuuTatilerundu avizttuviTTaacci; inimee niinga uur suttikkiTTiruppiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>You've been let loose from school; from now on you'll be roaming aimlessly around town.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.o./s.t. loose on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pour or unleash (o's anger, fury, irritation, etc.) on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en meele avanooTa aattratte koTTnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He let his fury loose on me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.t. drop, fall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.t. to drop or fall<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sigareT saambale vizaviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He let the cigarette ash drop (fall).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> let slip; make s.t. known as if by accident<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister let drop a hint about the next social welfare scheme in the course of his speech.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.t. fly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parakka viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.t. to fly; release; free s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda kiLiye parakkaviTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She let that parrot fly (away)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.t. go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLattu)</font> 3 tr <br> release or relax a clasp or grasp,<br> <br> <font size=+1>puune piTiye taLarttavoTane eli ooTiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the cat let go, the rat ran away.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.t. off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> discharge, as fireworks; fire off, as crackers; set off<br> <br> <font size=+1>diibaavaLi samayattle naanga nereya vaangaLeyum paTTasungaLeyum viTuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>During Deepavali we'll let off plenty of fireworks and firecrackers.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give forth (steam, liquid, etc.); allow (steam, etc.) to escape<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda eyandiram nereya veppatte veLiviTradu</font><br> <font size=+1>This machine lets off plenty of heat.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b tr <br> discharge, as a cannon; set or fire off, as crackers<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu rattri muzukka yaaro paTTasu veTiccikkiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody was letting off firecrackers throughout last night.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release s.o. from debt or obligation<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(erakkiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow s.o. to get off (a car, bus, etc.)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>oru prayaaniye erakkiviTa anda bas angee niNNadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bus stopped there to let a passenger off.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.t. off (from)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velakkaLi)</font> 6 tr <br> give exemption to s.o.; excuse s.o. from doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His professor let him off (from) writing (taking) the class test.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.t. out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peridaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> enlarge; make (garments) larger, longer or looser<br> j ( ) <br> <font size=+1>en peenTTin baaTTatte luus paNNaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The cuffs [bottoms] of my pants need to be let out.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> rent or hire out, as a building, a flat, a room, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ippoodaan inda areye vaaTahekki viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I just now let (rented) out this room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give forth or express, as a groan, a cry of pain, etc.; reveal, divulge, as a secret, an intention, or plan; let the cat out of the bag; spill the beans<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava enda rahasiyatteyum veLiTa maaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She will not let out any secrets.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(solliviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> tell; reveal or divulge, as a secret or s.t. secret<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>By a slip of the tongue he let out that he had cancer.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.t. out of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release or allow to escape, as air from a tire, air pillow, etc.; water from a tank, etc.; gas from an LPG cylinder, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda toTTiyileyirundu naandaan taNNiye eTuttuviTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I let the water out of this tank myself.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyle viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> set s.t. free; release from confinement, as a bird, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda kiLiye kuuNTileyirundu veLiyile viTTuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's let the parrot out of the cage.</font><br> 1) (veLiyee viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let s.t. pass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((appaTiyee) viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> overlook; leave (a mistake, etc.) without setting right<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan malaiyaaLatte telungu-NNaan; ade ennaale appaTiye viTTuTa muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He said that Malayalam was Telugu; I couldn't let it pass.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> subside, as the wind; abate, become less or lower, as temperature; become soft, as voice; fall off<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyil taNinjadukkappuram veLLe veLeyaaTa poohalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can go outside to play once the heat lets up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cease or stop (working); interrupt s.t.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avaLaale irubadu maNi neeram niruttaama Taip aTikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>She can type for twenty hours without letting up.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> cease; (of a machine) stop (working)<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda visettari nikkaame ooTikkiTTirukkumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Will this powerloom run constantly without ever letting up?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> (of wind, fever, cold, physical pain, speed, intensity, etc.) lessen; abate; slacken, diminish<br> <br> <font size=+1>en talevali innum koreyale</font><br> <font size=+1>My headache hasn't let up yet.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> (of fear, doubt, etc.; of the wind) subside or quiet down;<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattu innum taNiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The wind hasn't let up yet.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>let up on s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLarttu)</font> 3 tr <br> loosen; make less severe; ease up on; slacken<br> <br> <font size=+1>irakkumadi kaTTuppaaTTeyellaam arasaangam taLarttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The government should let up somewhat on the import restrictions.</font><br> 1) (koreccukkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>letter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pori)</font> 6 tr <br> engrave or inscribe (s.t.), as on a stone, etc.; write (a name, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He lettered a name and address on the wooden plank.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> write; mark (a parcel, poster, etc.) with letters; set (a name, address, etc.) down<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avaLooTe peere teLivaa ezudinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She wrote (lettered) her name legibly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>level</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarivaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to slope, incline, taper off<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLamaana anda paadeye konjam sariyaakkunaanga </font><br> <font size=+1>They leveled the sunken path a little</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parambaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> prepare the ground by leveling, scraping or bulldozing, for sowing<br> <br> <font size=+1>ozavan vedeppukkaaha vayale parambaTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The farmer leveled the field for sowing.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taremaTTamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> pull down or raze to the ground; bring s.t. to the level of the ground<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga anda kuTisangaLe taremaTTamaakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They levelled the huts.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(samappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> level out or off; make (a surface) even; make (a ground, a path, etc.) flat; make (two or more persons or things) equal, as in status, condition, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It's difficult to level (out, off) economic disparities.</font><br> 1) (samam-aakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (samam-aahu) 3a intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(neravu)</font> 3 tr <br> adjust, arrange, fill up a hole, etc.; flatten a mound, etc<br> <br> <font size=+1>meeTu paLLamaa irunda enga veLeyaaTTu maidaanatte poona vaaram taan neravunoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We levelled the bumps in the playground only last week</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(neraviviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> level out, off; make (a surface, an area of land, etc.) even or flat<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You can't build a house without levelling (out, off) this plot of land.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>level against/at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTTu)</font> 3 tr, + NP + ~meel~ <br> bring (a charge) against s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Many serious charges have been levelled against that manager.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>level at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr+acc+~paarttu~ <br> aim (a weapon) at s.t., s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru pisTale enne paattu niiTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He leveled a pistol at me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>level up/off/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make (a surface, land, path, etc.) even or flat<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda viiTTooTa pinporatte samamaakkiTTaa nii oru nalla tooTTam pooTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If you level up the backyard of this house, you can grow a nice garden.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>level with s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marekkaama peesu)</font> 3 tr + NP + ~i8am~ k <br> speak without hiding facts, etc.; speak freely or honestly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avakiTTe marekkaama peesamaTTeengraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He refuses to level with her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>leverage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLappu)</font> 3 tr <br> move s.o., as out of a job, by using influence, pressure, etc.; get s.o. dismissed; use s.t. as a lever to get s.t. moved; use s.t. to advance o.s. or s.o. else, as influence, prestige, pressure<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He has lots of influence; nobody can leverage him out of his present position.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>levitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(andarattle ezumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> rise in air; lift o.s. off the ground<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda yooha payircci senjaa nii andarattle ezumbalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If you do this yoga practice, you can levitate.</font><br> 1) (andarattle moda) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(andarattle medakka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause s.o. to float in the air<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar onne andarattle medakka seyvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's (able to) make you levitate</font><br> 1) (andarattle ezundirukka seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>levy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> gather (people) together; enlist (troops) for service; raise<br> <br> <font size=+1>naam paTe teraTTa veeNTiya avasiyam vanduTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It has become imperative for us to levy an army.</font><br> 1) (vasuuli) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> impose (a tax, a duty, a fine, etc.); raise a tax or fine<br> 00 ( ) ?? ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>A customs duty of 300% may be levied on some electronic equipment.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vasuul paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> collect (a tax, a duty, a fine, etc.) by authority or by force<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar sottu vari vasuulpaNNa vandirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He's come to levy a property tax</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vari viti)</font> 6b intr <br> extract a tax from<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu puduu vari vidiccade makkaL eduttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People opposed the government's levying a new tax</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>liberalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLattu)</font> 3 tr <br> relax or loosen; make less rigid or strict, as a policy, a regulation, a legislation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma vidihaLe naama taLattaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We must liberalize our rules.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manappaanmeylerundu viTuvi)</font> 6 tr <br> free s.t. from narrow strictures; open things up; relax rules, etc.; free s.o. from narrow-mindedness;<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This is the right time for us to liberalize taxation.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>liberate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> disentangle; get s.t. out of difficulty; extricate, free up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuNTule irunda paraveye soomu viTuviccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Somu liberated the bird that was in the cage.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> release; set s.o., s.t. at liberty; set so.o free, as from bondage, slavery, duty, etc.; free (a country), as from enemy occupation, dictatorship, etc.; emancipate<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaandi indiyaave aangila aaTcilerundu viTuviccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Gandhi liberated India from British rule.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viTudale seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> release; set (a prisoner) free; allow to go free<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona vaaram kooriyaa arasaangam ellaa kaidingaLeyum viTudale senjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Last week the Korean government liberated all political prisoners.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruTu)</font> 3 tr <br> steal (s.t. from s.o.); purloin, thieve, take, take for o.s., help o.s. to. loot. pilfer. run off with. carry off. shoplift; embezzle, misappropriate; have o's fingers/hand in the till; (inf.) walk of<br> ; ?<br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe eeraaLamaana paNam irukku; naama een avankiTTerundu konjam paNam tiruTikka kuuTaadu?</font><br> <font size=+1>He has lots of money; why don't we liberate some of it?</font><br> 1) (viTudale paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(miiLu)</font> 5b tr <br> reserve; release or free (slaves, hostages, a country, etc.) by rescue<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda sarvaadihaarikiTTerundu eppaTi naama namma naaTTe miiLradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How do (can) we liberate our country from this dictator?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>license</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anumadi)</font> 6b tr <br> permit or authorize officially; grant an official permit<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The government will not license you to build a factory here.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(esevaLi)</font> 6b intr, tr <br> give or grant official license or permission<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Who granted him a license to run a liquor shop in this area? (Who licensed him to run a liquor shop in this area?)</font><br> 1) (laisans kuTu) 6 intr, ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>license, grant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anumadi kuTu)</font> 6i, tr <br> give official permission; give s.o. the go-ahead<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I request you to grant me a license to build this house.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ode)</font> 6b tr <br> kick, hit, beat, or strike<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku ode keekkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>You want (need, deserve) a licking.</font><br> 1) (biiT paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nakku)</font> 3 tr <br> pass the tongue over or under s.t.; touch with the tongue; (of flames) touch lightly<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu inda puune paal kiNNatte suttamaa nakkiTTu ooTippoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday this cat licked the milk dish clean and went off</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saappiTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> beat, defeat, overcome or surpass, as in a fight or in sports; (inf.) whomp, tromp, devour, take to the cleaners, knock the socks off of<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avankiTTe nii saNTe pooTa paakkaade; avan onne saappiTTuTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't try to fight with him; he'll lick you.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> (of flames) touch; pass lightly over<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>A flame touched (licked) her hair and passed on.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tookkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> defeat; beat (an enemy, a contestant, etc.)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avaLe yaarum cesle tookkaTikka (biiT paNNa) muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can lick her in chess.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(toTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of waves) touch<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru periya ale en kaale toTTu tirumbinadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A large wave touched (licked) my feet and moved back.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lick off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nakkiyahattu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove by licking<br> <br> <font size=+1>??avan aiskriime udaTTlerundu nakkiahattunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He licked the ice cream off his lips.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lick up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nakki saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> eat or drink by licking; lap up, as an animal<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda puune paale veehamaa nakki saappiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The cat licked up the milk quickly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kade kaTTu)</font> 3 tr & tr <br> talk about as if s.t. were true; speak falsely; lie; make up stories<br> <br> <font size=+1>kade kaTTaama uNmeye sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't lie, just say the truth.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttam karpu)</font> 6 tr <br> make false statements; tell untruths; play loose and fast with the truth<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>ivane patti kaavalaaLarungaLukku een kuttam karpare? ivan appaaviyaanavan</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you lying about him to the police? He's innocent.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be; exist; be found in a specific place, situation, or area<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda enjinle engeyoo oru tavaru irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The fault lies somewhere in this engine.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poy sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> tell a lie; utter a fib; make false statements; tell untruths; play loose and fast with the truth<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava poy solla maaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She won't tell a lie. (She won't lie.)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(puLuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> tell barefaced lies; fib; prevaricate<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan sila samayattle puLuhuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I lie sometimes.</font><br> 1) (poy piTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> deceive (s.o.); be deceptive; give or have a false impression<br> <br> <font size=+1>puLLivevaranga eemaattalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Appearances can lie.</font><br> 1) (poy piTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be situated or placed<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda kappal kareyleyrundu romba duuram taLLi irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That ship is lying a long way offshore.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(keTa)</font> 6b intr <br> (of objects) rest flat on s.t. or be resting horizontally on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru tandi kambam teruvile saanji keTakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A telegraph pole is lying horizontally in the street.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> be kept; remain in a state of inactivity, in a certain condition, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan edirkaalam avanukku munnaale virinju keTakkadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His future lies stretched out before him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) ? ?</B> <font size=+1>(eettukko takku??)</font> 4ai <br> (of legal action or appeal) be acceptable or admissible; be allowed as is<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The appeal may lie. (The appeal is admissible)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkam paNNiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be buried or interred<br> <br> <font size=+1>en ammaave ingeedaan aTakkam paNNiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother lies buried in this graveyard.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be or assume a reclining position; be in a resting position; recline; stretch out flat<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru piccekkaaran anda marattaTiyile paTuttirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>A beggar is lying under the tree.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> (of persons) be or remain in a certain state, position, etc.<br> ; ; <br> <font size=+1>veLiye varaade; poo, pooy paTukkeyile keTa</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't come out; go; go and lie down in your bed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be lazy; laze about; be idle<br> ; ( ) <br> <font size=+1>nii oNNum seyyaadee; nii summaa irundaavee (keTandaavee) poodum</font><br> <font size=+1>You don't (have to) do anything; it's enough if you lie about.</font><br> 1) (summaa keTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erenju keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> (of things) be left carelessly; remain scattered in disorder; be out of place<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda alamaariyile ellaa tuNingaLum eranji keTakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>clothes are lying around all over the place in this closet.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> lie or be left unused; be sitting or standing around; be unused or useless<br> ( ) ; ?<br> <font size=+1>inda reeTiyoo summaadaan keTakkuTu; ide vittuTalaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>This radio is just lying around; why not sell it?</font><br> 1) (summaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie back (lay back)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saanju koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 4 intr <br> lean back; recline, get into a resting position; kick back, lay back<br> <br> <font size=+1>onnaale okkaara muTiyalleeNNaa, paTukkeyile saanjikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>If you can't sit up, lie back in bed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie behind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnaale iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be behind s.t., as a reason, intention, motive, etc.; be a hitten agenda; be between the lines<br> <br> <font size=+1>??inda amaiccarooTa peeccukku pinnaale edoo oLLnookkam irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Some motive must lie behind the speech of this Minister.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 6 intr <br> recline, become prone; lay o.s. down<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paTukkeyle paTukkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She laid down in the bed.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTuttu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> recline to take rest; take a nap; catch forty winks<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku kaLeppaa irundaa konja neeram paTuttukkooyeen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you're tired, why don't you lie down for a litle while?</font><br> 1) (paTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie down (cause to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTukkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make s.t. lie down; lay down, for rest or sleep<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaana en taattaave paTukkeyile paTukkavecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I made my old grandfather lie down on the bed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie down on the job</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B></ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((aTangi) iru)</font> 7 intr <br> consist or be grounded in; be found in<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>The solution of this problem does not lie in legislation; it lies in campaign (campaigning) only.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie in ambush/wait</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padungiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be hidden, as to attack, etc.; lurk<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Some of the extremists were lying in ambush there.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie o.s. into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLuhi nozenjukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 4 intr+NP+~il~ <br> get o.s. into (a place, position, etc.) by telling falsehoods or by misrepresenting the truth<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan puLuhi inda veeleyile nozenjikkuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He'll lie himself into (a job in) this factory.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (poy piTicci nozenjikkoo) 4 intr + NP + ~il~ l<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie o.s. out of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLuhi tappiccukkoo @(sh intr + NP + @lerundu@)@)</font> 1intr +NP+~iliruntu~ <br> escape by lying from s.t.; get o.s. out of (a situation, a place, etc.) by telling an untruth<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava puLuhi anda ikkaTTulerundu tappiccikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She managed to lie herself out of that dilemma. [She managed to get herself out of that dilemma by lying]</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (poy piTicci tappicci-koo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(appaTiyee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> leave or be left unattended; be deferred or put off; be postponed or delayed<br> ; ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda vishayam appaTiye irukkaTTum; ide naama saappaaTTukku appram peesikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let this matter lie over; we'll discuss it after we eat</font><br> 1) (appaTiye keTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie up/low</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be in hiding; lie hidden; avoid being noticed<br> ; ( ) <br> <font size=+1>sila maasam nii marenjirukkaNum; pooliis onne teeTikkiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>You must lie up (low) for a few months; the police are searching for you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lie with s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruppaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be the responsibility or duty of<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku veele tarradu meenajarooTa poruppaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It lies with the manager to give you a job. (It's the manager's responsibility to give you a job.)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be with s.o.; be the duty or responsibility of s.o.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda muTivu avankiTTe illee; enkiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This decision doesn't lie with him; it lies with me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lifeless</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyirillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be lacking in warmth or enthusiasm; be without life; be unemotional, frigid<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaL edilu aarvam kaaTTaama uyirillaama iruppadaaha naan nenecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I found her just lifeless, uninterested in anything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lift</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukku)</font> 3 tr <br> raise; move or bring s.t. upward; hoist<br> <br> <font size=+1>kreen irundaa inda pareye tuukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If we had a crane we could lift this rock.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3at <br> remove, as a curfew or a ban; withdraw, as a regulation<br> , ( )<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If you accept our conditions, we'll lift our seige.</font><br> 1) (rattu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> pick up or take s.t. and set it somewhere else<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava reekklerundu oru periya faile tuukki kiize veccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lifted a large file down from the rack.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(velahi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of clouds, mist, etc.) pass away; rise and disperse<br> <br> <font size=+1>muuTupani velahi poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The mist (fog) finally lifted.</font><br> 1) (eTuttu viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(oongu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise, as an arm or a weapon<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avaLe aTikka avan kaiye (kambe) oonginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lifted his arm (a cane) to hit her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> raise, as a fallen person; help s.o. to get up from a fallen position or to get out of a pit, a man-hole, etc.; hoist, heave, haul up, uplift, heft, upraise, elevate, hold high; pick up, grab, take u<br> , ( )<br> <font size=+1>naan keNattle vizundukeTandappa inda reNTu peerum enne tuukkiviTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>After I had fallen into the well, these two lifted me up.</font><br> 1) (eTuttu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(osattu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise; move or direct upward<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>That tree had lifted its branches towards the sky.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(osattu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise to a higher level, condition, etc.; exalt; elevate<br> <br> <font size=+1>It is the writer's style that lifts the novel.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(osattu)</font> 3 tr <br> (of voice) make audible or loud; increase the volume of; raise the pitch of<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>konjam korale osattu; nii solrade enakku keekkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>Lift your voice a little; I can't hear what you say.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lift off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of aircraft or spacecraft) rise; take off<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vimaanam ezumpa toTanginadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The plane began to lift off.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lift up o's eyes to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNgaLe osatti paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look up at<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He lifted up his eyes to her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lift up o's voice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(korale osattu)</font> 3 intr <br> raise o's voice; make o's voice loud; sing out<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa korale osatti paaTunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lifted up his voice in song</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>light</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put on, switch on, or turn on (an electric lamp); flick (on) the switch<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>iruTTaahiTicci veLakke pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's become dark; light (switch on) the light!</font><br> 1) (poruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oLira seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause (eyes, face, or a place) to brighten with joy, animation, liveliness, etc.; illuminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? oru punnahe ava mohatte oLira senjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A smile lighted up her face.</font><br> 1) (aan paNNu) 3a tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ?? ( ?)</B> <font size=+1>(??eettu (exe gives poruttu?))</font> 3 tr <br> ignite or set burning, as a kerosene lamp, a lantern, an oil lamp, etc.<br> ( ?)<br> <font size=+1>avan oru sinna mezuhuvattiye poruttinaan (eettinaan?)</font><br> <font size=+1>He lighted (lit) a small candle.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiccam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> furnish with illumination<br> <br> <font size=+1>naappadu vaaTs veLakku oNNu anda areyile erinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A 40-watt bulb lighted the room.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(patta vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> kindle or set burning, as a stove, a fire, a candle, a lantern, an oil lamp, etc.; ignite, as a cigar, cigarette, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru suruTTe pattaveccikkiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was lighting up a cigar.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(polivaTeya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause (eyes, face, or a place) to brighten up; provide illumination for s.o.<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I lighted him into the house with the help of a candle (lantern) (flashlight).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>light (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLimayamaakku)</font> 3at <br> make (a place) bright with light or illumination; illuminate; brighten<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Many electric lamps had lit (up) the hall.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oLiru)</font> 2 intr <br> (of face or eyes) brighten or radiate, as with joy, excitement, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Her eyes lighted up with excitement.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>light on/upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> discover or find by chance; chance upon; stumble (up)on<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??anda inspekTar anda tiruTane oru graamattle kaNTupiTiccaar (no tarceyalaa or tappaa??)</font><br> <font size=+1>The Inspector lit upon the thief in a village.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>light out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTaNNu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> leave in a hurry; depart suddenly; take off like a bat out of hell<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava saTTaNNu kuLiyalarekki poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lit out for the bathroom.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lighten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(prahaasamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make (a room, a hall, etc.) bright; illuminate; light up<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Many powerful lamps lightened the shop.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(minnu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of sky, clouds, or eyes) brighten; become bright, glow with an inner light<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes lightened with the joy of victory.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiccam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give light, as to a room, an area, etc.; light up; illuminate<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??oru laandar (?) anda kuTisekki veLiccam kuTuttukkiTTirundicci</font><br> <font size=+1>A single electric lamp lightened the street.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(leesaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make less heavy, as a machine, a TV set, etc.; make less burdensome, as a job, work, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii on veeleye leesaakkikkaaTTi siikkra oTambe keTuttukkuve</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't lighten your work, you'll soon spoil your health</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> lessen, as the load, cargo, weight, etc. of s.t.; reduce, as the burden of the heart or mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda marundu onga muduhu valiye korekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This medicine (drug) will lighten (lessen) your backache.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paaram koreya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make lighter in weight; make less heavy<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They were lightening the ship's cargo.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(veLu)</font> 6 intr <br> (of the eastern sky) become light; grow lighter or less dark<br> <br> <font size=+1>kezakku veLuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The east (the eastern sky) lightened. (It dawned.)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(prahaasi)</font> 6 intr <br> (of eyes or face) brighten; light up, as with happiness, animation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan moham mahizcciyaale prahaasittadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His face lightened with joy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lighten (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLu)</font> 6 intr <br> grow lighter (of sky or dawn); dawn<br> <br> <font size=+1>meeham iNNekki aaru maNikkuLLe veLunduccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sky started to lighten around 6 this morning.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>like</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b intr 3pn + dat <br> have an urge to/for; strike the fancy of; want<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>raatri saappaaTTukku onakku enna piTikkum?</font><br> <font size=+1>What would you like for supper?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTikkradu)</font> see pi8i 6b 3pn + da <br> be fond of; have a taste or fondness for; find agreeable; be pleased with<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan soohamaa irukkradu avaLukku piTikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>She doesn't like him being sad.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piTicciru)</font> 7 tr + dat <br> be fond of; be pleased with; find agreeable or pleasant; become likeable; grow fond of<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku piTiccirundaa sari</font><br> <font size=+1>It's okay (all right) if you like it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> desire; have a desire for; wish or want<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii naaTTiyam kattukka aaseppaTriyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Would you like to learn dancing?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(virumbu)</font> 3a tr <br> desire or wish; long for; be fond of; be eager for<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>yaaru saave virumbuvaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who likes dying? (Who wants to die?)</font><br> 1) (virumbu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(veze (viruppu?))</font> 2b tr <br> desire or wish for strongly +vb<br> <br> <font size=+1>??unakku odavaNum appaTiiNNu uNmeyleyee viruppureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I would very much like to help you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(piTikkum)</font> 3pn + dat <br> be fond of; have a taste for; take pleasure in; find agreeable<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avanukku enne piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>He likes me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>like, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottiru)</font> 7 tr <br> resemble; be similar to<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa ammaave ottirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was [very much] like her mother.</font><br> 1) (maadiri iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poola iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be similar to; resemble<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>idu avan kaare poola (kaar poola) (kaar maadiri) irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This (car) is like his car.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oree maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of two or more persons or things) be similar or alike; look alike; resemble in some way<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa muuNu pasangaLum oree maadiri irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>His three boys (sons) were very much alike.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poola iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be as if; be like X; be similar to or resemble s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare engeyoo paattaapple irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's like I saw him somewhere before; (I feel like I met him somewhere) earlier</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>liken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> compare with; point out the resemblance of s.t. or s.o. to another<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The eye can be likened to a camera.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>limber (up)}??</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lime?? chg. to whitewash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLe aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> coat or paint with a mixture of lime and water;<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>nii eppoo on viiTTukku suNNaambu (veLLe) aTiccee?~</font><br> <font size=+1>When did you whitewash your house?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>limit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> restrain, hold back, prevent; control, keep under control, hold in check, curb, keep within bounds, subdue. <br> <br> <font size=+1>aaru enga ooTTatte taTuttucu</font><br> <font size=+1>The (position of the) river limited our run.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varambiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> restrict; place or set limits on<br> <br> <font size=+1>manidanga tangaLooTa selavukku oru varambiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>People need to limit their spending.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vareyare senjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> restrict by putting limits; keep within a limit of; put a limit to or on<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I request that every speaker limit himself to a quarter of an hour.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTutti koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> restrain; keep within limits; put a limit to; restrict by putting limits<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga enga selave varumaanattukku tahunda maadiri kaTTuppaTuttikkiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We've limited our spending to accord with our income.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>limp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> falter or stumble, as in walking, speaking, etc.; hesitate or waver<br> <font size=+1>He's limping a lot lately from that old injury </font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uundu poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of a vehicle, a ship, etc.) crawl along; move slowly or with difficulty; (of speech, a piece of writing, a concert, etc.) move at a crawl; proceed in a dull, labored manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The damaged boat began to limp away.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(noNTi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk lamely; hobble; walk with a limp<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>My handicapped friend limped as he left our house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(noNTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move lamely; halt or walk lamely; walk with a limp<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga naay noNTikkiTTu tirumbivandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our dog came home limping</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>limp, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(namuttuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> lose crispness, as biscuits, etc.; become damp, soggy.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>biskaTs ellaam namuccupooyTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cookies that were left out got all limp and soggy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>line</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(variseyaa naTu)</font> 4 tr + noun + ~il~ - <br> plant (trees, posts, poles, etc.) in a row; be planted in a row; be arranged in a line<br> <br> <font size=+1>variseyaa maranga naTTa paade</font><br> <font size=+1>a road lined with trees.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(variseyaa nillu)</font> 5c intr + noun+~il~ <br> stand or form in a line or row; queue up<br> j ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda uurvalatte paakka jananga nadepaadeyile variseyaa niNNaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People lined the sidewalk to see the procession.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(surukkam viza seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1tr + NP + ~il~ <br> cause to form lines or wrinkles, as in the face, etc.; cover with lines or wrinkles<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezme avan mohattule surukkam viza senjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Poverty had lined his face.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kooTu pooTu)</font> 4 tr + NP + ~il~ -le <br> draw a line or lines in s.t.; cover with a line or lines<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>kooTu pooTTa kaahidam</font><br> <font size=+1>lined paper.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(surukkam vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> be marked with lines or wrinkles<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasinaale ava moham surukkam vezanduTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her face had become lined with age.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(laining kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give lining to (clothes, bags, etc.) supply with lining; add lining to<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>silk laining kuTutta (vecca) kooTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>a silk-lined coat</font><br> 1) (laining vayyi) 6b ta<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>line (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(variseyaa niruttu)</font> 3 tr + NP + ~il~ -le <br> form or position (people) in a line or lines<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>mandri poora vaziyile avar pooliiskarangaLe variseyaa niruttinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He caused the route the Minister was to take to be lined with policemen.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>line out (cf. outline) ??</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukkamaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> say or sketch briefly; outline; give general outlines for<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>niinga inda diTTatte surukkamaa sollunga; matta vevarangaLe naan paattukkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>You outline this plan; I'll look after the other details.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>line s.o. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(variseyaa nikka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause people to stand in a line; cause s.o. to move or form a row<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan anda kaidingaLe variseyaa nikkaveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lined up the prisoners.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>line s.t. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varise paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> arrange in order; list; set s.t. up; make an arrangement of<br> <br> <font size=+1>bommehaLe varise paTutti vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Arrange the dolls in order and line them up nicely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>line up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(variseppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring into line, arrange in proper order, align<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki visaaraNekki vandirukkravangaLe variseppaTutti nikkaccollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Please ask everybody that came here for the enquiry to line up and stand in order</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(variseyaa nikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> bring (troops, people, etc.) into line; dress the line<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar pasangaLe variseyaa nikkasenjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher made the students line up in a row</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(variseyaa nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> stand in a line or row; move or get into a line<br> .<br> <font size=+1>naanga veehamaa variseyaa niNNoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We lined (ourselves) up very quickly.</font><br> 1) (variseyle nillu) 5c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(variseyaa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put (things) in a line or order; place (things) one behind another<br> ( ) !<br> <font size=+1>inda failungaLe varisayaa vayyi!</font><br> <font size=+1>Line up these files! (Put these files in order.)</font><br> 1) (variseyaa niruttivayi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>line up behind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnaale teraTTi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> gather (people) up for support, as in political affairs<br> <br> <font size=+1>ongaLukku pinnaale naan oru periya paTeyeyee teraTTivaccirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have lined up a large group behind you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>line up for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kyuuvil nillu)</font> 5c intr +dat+~aaka~ <br> stand in a queue (line) for s.t.; queue (line up) for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga sakkarekkaaha kjuuvile niNNukiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They've lined up for sugar (rations).</font><br> 1) (kyuu variseyle nillu) 5c intr + dat + ~aak<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>line(s), draw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiru)</font> 3 tr <br> draw or make (a line, a rule, or a mark)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sevapu peenaavaale kooTu kiTiccikkiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was drawing lines with a red pen.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lines, draw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiru)</font> 3 tr <br> scratch lines or markings; draw a line or lines, as on the ground<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan oru kucciyaale tareyile (tareye) kiirikkiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was drawing lines on the ground with a stick.</font><br> 1) (kizi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>linger</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyirooTu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of a person) be or remain alive; (of a custom or practice) continue to exist<br> <br> <font size=+1>narabali kuTukkra vazakkam innum sela eTangaLLe uyirooTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The custom of offering human sacrifice lingers on in some parts of the world still</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neeram kaTattu)</font> 3 intr (of ppl) dawd <br> (of people) dawdle; tarry, dally (around); pass or waste time; fool around; hang out<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaaleyile saapTumboodu neeram kaTattuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tends to llinger over his breakfast in the morning.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadiccu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of people) remain or stay on delayingly; overstay o's welcome<br> <br> <font size=+1>??matta virundaaLinga keLambi poonappram avan taamadiccu irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lingered on even after the other guests had gone away.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangi nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> (of people) stand or stay on in a place as if from reluctance to leave, or hoping for s.t. else to happen; hang around. wait around<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vaasalkiTTe tayanginiNNaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lingered near the doorway.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of a custom or disease) continue to exist or to remain; stay on<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? inda arippu innum sela naaL niiTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The itch (this itching) will linger for a few more days.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>link</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sangiliyaale eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> attach or hook together with chains<br> <br> <font size=+1>renTu laarihaLeyum sangiliyaale eNeccu izuttuTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They linked the two trucks with chains and towed them away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> connect; join, unite; fasten or bind together<br> <br> <font size=+1>vyabaarattule laabatteyum neermeyum seekka paakkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't try to link profit and honesty in business.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sambandappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of a person) be joined; be involved or connected; be implicated<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan inda koLLeyile sammandappaTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's linked up (involved in) with this robbery.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> join; unite; connect<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avanum avaLum kaiye (kaigaLe) oNNu seettukkiTTu naTandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He and she walked along, their arms linked.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sambandappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> connect or relate, as s.o. with s.t.; involve, as s.o. in s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii avane inda koleyile sambandappaTutta muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You can't link him (up) with this murder.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(koottukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> join or unite, as arms<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu peer kaikoottukkiTTu ooTradu sulabamille</font><br> <font size=+1>It's hard for two persons to run with their arms linked.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>link (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> be joined; unite; connect up<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda taTeyamellaam seettaa naama kuttavaaLiye kaNTu piTicciTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If these clues link up, we can find the perpetrator of this crime.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>linked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> be joined together; be united or associated or amalgamated; be implicated<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLiyooTa en peerum enekkappaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My name was linked to the culprit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>liquidate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> settle or pay off (debts)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga enda kaTaneyum aTekkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>They didn't liquidate any debt.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiittu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> do away with; get rid of; eliminate, forgive, or clear up (debts)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ellaar kaTaneyum tiittu kaTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She liquidated everybody's debts.</font><br> 1) (tiiru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> wind up or close down (a shop, a firm, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga inda aTahu kaTeye muuTa pooraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They're going to close down (liquidate) this pawn shop.</font><br> 1) (ozicci kaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> break up or dissolve (a firm, a business, a partnership, etc.)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naanga enga kampaniye kaLecciTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We've dissolved (liquidated) our company (firm).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(rokkamaakki koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> convert (assets, holdings, etc.) into cash<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava sotteyellaam rokkamaakkikiTTu veLinaaTTukku pooyTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's liquidated all her properties and gone off to a foreign country.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> pay off, clear (up) or settle (debts)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enda kaTaneyum tiikkamaaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He won't liquidate any of his debts.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>liquify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niirmamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make (solid or gas) liquid; bring (solid or gas) into liquid condition<br> <br> <font size=+1>??avar sooTiyam kLooraiTe niirmamaakkikkiTTirundaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He was liquifying sodium chloride.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niirmamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of gas or solid) become liquid; turn into a liquid condition<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>snow liquifies in solar heat.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(urukku)</font> 3 tr <br> melt, as metals or congealed substances; bring (a solid) into a liquid condition by heating<br> <br> <font size=+1>irumbe urukka adiha suuTu teeve</font><br> <font size=+1>Much heat is necessary to melt (liquify) iron.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lisp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> falter; stumble in o's speech; speak with an articulation that results in 's' sounds becoming laxed and fronted<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan kuTiccirukkumboodu koLaruveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tend to lisp when I've had too much to drink.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mazaleyle peesu)</font> 3at <br> speak or utter s.t. with a lisp<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She lisped a few words.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mazale peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of a child) speak imperfectly; speak with a lisp; (of young woman) speak with the imperfect and charming manner of a child<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His girlfriend lisps (speaks with a lisp).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mazaleyle sollu)</font> 5c tr <br> say or tell s.t. with a lisp; speak with the laxed articulation of a child, a person lacking teeth, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda poNNu tannooTa peere mazaleyle sonnaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The little girl lisped out her name.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lisp out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazaleyle keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> ask (a question, etc.) with a lisp; speak indistinctly or with lax articulation<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku enna veeleNNu anda payyan mazaleyle keeTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lisped out his question about what kind of job I had</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>list</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 2b intr <br> (of vehicles, ships, buildings, etc.) slope or lean over to one side<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kooyil goopuram eTadu pakkamaa saanjirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tower of that temple listed to the left side.</font><br> 1) (lisT pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (saanj-iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> register, as shares, etc. in a stock exchange for trading; enter in a list or register<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarooTa peeru foon {\d d}airekTariyle padivuseyyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>His name is not listed in the telephone directory.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ?? (?? ?) </B> <font size=+1>(??paTTiyle (??paTTiyal?) pooTu)</font> 4bt <br> set s.t. down in a list; make out a list, as of groceries, provisions, jobs to be done, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? avan iNNekki seyyaveeNTiya veeleyellaam paTTiyle pooTTukkiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is listing the jobs to be done today.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(lisT paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> set down in a list; include in a list<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peereyum pooliiskaaranga lisTpaNNiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The policemen have listed his name, too.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTiyal tayaari)</font> 6b tr & intr <br> prepare or make out a list; tot up<br> <br> <font size=+1>??modalle naama namakku irukkra kaTanellaam paTTiyal tayaarikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>First, we must list the debts we owe.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>listen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5b tr, intr <br> hear; try to hear or give attention for purposes of hearing<br> ; , <br> <font size=+1>ava avankiTTe pala taTave solliTTaa; aanaa, avan keekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>She's told him many times (but) he didn't listen.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavani, gavani)</font> 6 tr <br> attend; give attention in hearing; pay attention to<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda eTattle inda paaTTe gavani</font><br> <font size=+1>Listen at this particular place in this song.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>listen for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadu kuTuttu keeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> pay attention to s.t. intently so as not to miss hearing it; try to hear by pricking up o's ears; lend an ear<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kaalaTi sattattukkaaha naan kaadu kuTuttu keeTTukkiTTirundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was listening for the sound of her footsteps.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattiru)</font> 7 intr+dat+~aaka~ <br> wait for the sound of (a telephone call)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava Telifoonukkaaha kaattukkiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was listening for the telephone.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>listen in on (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTukkeeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> eavesdrop or overhear; be patched in on a phone line<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you arrange for me to listen in on their telephone conversation?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>listen out (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uttu keeLu)</font> 5b tr, intr <br> listen carefully or intently; pay close attention to s.t.; listen up<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>on peere uttu keeLu! peeTTikaaran onne verevle kuuppiTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Listen out for your name; the interviewer may call (out) your name soon.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>listen to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give ear; pay attention; agree, as to an advice, a suggestion, etc.; lend an ear<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>nii avaLooTu peesu; ava on vaarttekki kaadu kuTuppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>You talk to her; she'll listen to what you say.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>literalize ??</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>litigate</b></font><br> take legal action; engage in legal challenges, especially in a prolonged, protracted, or repetitive matter<br> <font size=+1>The tendency to litigate over every grievance has increased exponentially.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>litter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ? [ ?] </B> <font size=+1>(?taarumaaraa [kaNTabaTi?] pooTTuvayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> scatter or strew s.t. in disorder; leave things lying around in a messy or disorderly state<br> j ?<br> <font size=+1>inda kaahidangaLe yaar en meesemeele kaNTapaTi pooTTuveccadu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who littered these papers all over my table?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> leave things carelessly lying around; fail to dispose of recyclable materials, creating messes and threatening the environment<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Kids these days just have no sympathy for environmental issues--they just litter constantly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(erenju keTa)</font> 7 intr <br> lie strewn about or be scattered about in disorder<br> <br> <font size=+1>sigareT tuNTungaLum neruppu kuccingaLum anda ruumle erenji keTandicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The room was littered with cigarette stubs and match sticks.</font><br> 1) (kaNTapaTi pooTTu vaayi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of animals) give birth to (young)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paNNi innum kuTTi pooTale</font><br> <font size=+1>His pig hasn't littered yet.</font><br> 1) (taarumaaraa keTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaz)</font> 2 intr <br> live; reside permanently<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazkkeye oru kurikkooLooTa vaazaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>One should live his (her) life with an aim</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> reside, stay, wait, exist, dwell<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga enge irukkriinga appaTingrade modalle sollunga</font><br> <font size=+1>First of all, tell me where you are living</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(peze, poze)</font> 6b intr <br> be or remain alive; be capable of vital functions; survive<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>keensar vyaadiyooTavee avan pala varushanga pezeccirundaan (pozeccirundaan)</font><br> <font size=+1>Even with cancer he lived for many years.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTicciru)</font> 7 intr <br> live long; endure; continue in existence, memory, operation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii en manasile eppoodum niiTicciruppee</font><br> <font size=+1>You'll live always in my heart (mind).</font><br> 1) (vasi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> reside or dwell<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I'd like to have my own little house to live in, even if it were a small one.</font><br> 1) (pizecciru (pozecciru)) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazu)</font> 2 intr <br> be alive or have life, as a person or an animal; exist<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru sanyaasi maadiri vaazraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lives like a saint.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(uyirvaazu)</font> 2 intr <br> be alive; have life; be capable of vital functions; survive<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She will not live for more than ten days.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live (it) up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuL keLappu)</font> 3 intr <br> live in a careless, wild or extravagant way; live a hectic, extravagant life<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam irukkumboodu avanga tuuL keLeppiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When they had money, they lived it up.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live (together)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oree kaalattule iru)</font> 7 intr <br> exist at the same period; coexist; be coterminous; be of the same time or age; be contemporaries<br> <br> <font size=+1>arinjar aNNaavum en taattaavum oree kaalattule irundavanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Arignar Anna and my grandfather lived in the same period</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live as (of a man and a woman)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?live as a member of the other gender?<br> <font size=+1>?Although born a male, he lived as a woman for many years?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live by</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peze)</font> 6b intr + ppl <br> live according to the rules of; live following a faith, a principle, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>verum naaNayattaale vaaza muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>?You can't live by sheer honesty. [He who lives by the sword shall die by the sword?]</font><br> 1) ~( + + ~ ( )~)~ (vaazu) 2 intr + NP + ba8i(a<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazu)</font> 2 intr+dat+~aaka~ <br> be alive for the sake of; survive for; devote great attention to<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Many live for the day when racism will be eliminated.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyiru)</font> 7 intr + NP + ~il~ l <br> inhabit; dwell or reside in, as in a flat, a village, a town, etc.<br> , ?<br> <font size=+1>nii kuTiyirukkra viiTu cinnada, perisa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is the house you live in small or large?</font><br> 1) (vasi) 6b intr + NP + ~il~<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) [? ?]</B> <font size=+1>(nambi peze [?vaaz?])</font> 6b tr <br> be dependent on s.o., s.t. for o's living; get o's food or income, as from land, farm, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vevasaayunga nelatte nambi vaazraanga [?pozekkraanga?]</font><br> <font size=+1>Farmers live off the land.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiye nambi peze (poze))</font> 6b idiomatic <br> be dependent for o's living on the help of; get money for o's requirements from; survive at s.o. else's expense<br> ? ? [ ?]<br> <font size=+1>?? avan yaar kaiyeyum nambi vaaza virumballe ??innum nii een on akkaa kaiye nambi pezekkaNum?</font><br> <font size=+1>He does not want to live off someone else</font><br> 1) (kaiye edirpaattu vaazu) 2 intr<br> 2) (nambi vaazu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> eat; have s.t. as food or diet; subsist on<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan oru vaaramaa kanji maTTumdaan saappiTa veeNTiyirundicci</font><br> <font size=+1>I had to live on nothing but porridge for a week.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peze)</font> 6b intr + NP + ~il~ <br> subsist on; rely for o's maintenance on<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kuTumbam reNTu viiTTu vaaTahe paNattle pezeccikkiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This family is living on the rent from two houses.</font><br> 1) (uNavaaha koo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pezecciru, pozecciru)</font> 7 intr + NP + vare(y <br> live until the end of; last out, survive<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan innum reNTu naaLkuuTa pozeccirukkamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I won't live out even the next two days.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyle tangu)</font> 3 intr <br> stay or reside away, as from o's place of domestic service<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>enga veelekkaaran engaLooTa tangradille; avan veLiyile tangaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Our servant doesn't live with us; he lives out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakkuppiTiccu peze, poze)</font> 6b tr <br> endure and survive, as a difficulty, a depression, a war, etc.; get through or over s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kashTatteyum ava taakkuppiTicci pozeccikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>She can live through this difficulty, too</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ? [ ?]</B> <font size=+1>(oNNaa iru [vasi?])</font> 7 intr <br> live in the same house, flat, etc.; reside together<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>enga kuTumbam perisu; naanga ellaarum oNNaavee vasikkroom</font><br> <font size=+1>Our family is large; we all live together, though.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live up to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTantukoo @(sh intr + dat + @takkapaTi@)@)</font> 1 intr + dat + trkk <br> conduct o.s. in accordance with some principle, ideal, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The firm has a reputation of its own; it did not live up to it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazndu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put (o's faith, etc.) into practice; represent or exhibit in o's life<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii on lacciyatte vaazndu kaaTTale</font><br> <font size=+1>You didn't live up to your ideals.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>live with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tanguyiru?? (tangiyiru?))</font> 7 intr+noun+~oo8u~ <br> dwell with; stay with<br> <br> <font size=+1>??avan avanooTa appaammaavooTu tangirukka virumballe</font><br> <font size=+1>He did not want to live with his parents.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sakiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> tolerate, bear or endure; be able to stand s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda ereccale ennaale sahiccikka muTiyale!!</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't live with this noise!</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (taangikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>liven up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?? ?? </B> <font size=+1>(??cuvaarasyamaakku ?? viruviruppaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> brighten up; make interesting or lively, as an activity, a speech, a story, etc.; enliven, pep up, add some zip<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda kade meduvaa naharudu; ide nii viruviruppaakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>This story moves slowly; you must liven it up at bit.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakalappaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become lively or bustling; brighten up, as a meeting, a party, etc.; perk up, pep up; wake up and smell the coffee<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When he teaches Tamil, our class will just liven up.</font><br> 1) (viruvirupp-aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTupiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> warm up or become more lively or excited, as a party, a talk, an activity, etc.; become more heated<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga vevaadam suuTupiTikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Their discussion is starting to liven up.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>load</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kappaleettu)</font> 3 tr <br> put on board a ship<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa saamaanhaLeyum kappaleettiTTiyaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Have you loaded all the items on board?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> fill or charge, as a gun<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tuppaakkiyile gunTuhaLe tiNiccuTTiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Have you loaded the pistol?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eettu)</font> 3 tr <br> put or place (goods, cargoes, etc.) as on a vehicle<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan muuNu muuTTengaLe taLLuvaNTiyile eettinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He loaded the three bags onto the push cart.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> lay, put or place (a lot of work, burden, etc.), as on to s.o.; heap work, burdens, responsibility on s.o.<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>nii een avankiTTe (avan meele) maTTum avvaLavu veeleye somattree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you load so much work on him (and nobody else)?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>load (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(loo{\d d} paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> put or place s.t. on, in to s.t.; put (a charge) into a gun; put (a film) into a camera<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan loo{\d d} paNNi muTicciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's finished loading up.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>load s.t. into/onto</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettu)</font> 3 tr+NP+ ~meel~, mee <br> put or place (a load of things, cargo, etc.) into or onto a vehicle, a ship, an animal, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru kazudemeele oru tuNimuuTTeye eettnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He loaded a sack of clothes onto a donkey.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>load s.t. on to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr + NP + ki88e <br> put or place (a burden, a load or work, etc.) on to s.o.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>niinga en meele nereya veeleye somattriinga</font><br> <font size=+1>You load plenty of work on me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>load s.t. up with s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fill up s.t. with s.t.; burden s.t. with s.t. unnecessarily<br> !<br> <font size=+1>uruppaTaada saamaangaLe pooTTu en areye nerappiTaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't load up my brain with unnecessary information!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>load s.t. with s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerappu)</font> 3 tr + np + ~aal~ -a <br> fill s.t. with s.t.; stuff s.t. into s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda veene taleyaaNingaLaale nerappinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He loaded the van full with pillows.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loaf</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozudu pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> waste time; spend time idly; pass away time; hang around; kill time<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela kuulikkaaranga bas sTaapple pozudu pookkiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some workers were loafing around at the bus stop Some day-laborers were loafing at the bus stop.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loaf about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa suttu)</font> 3 intr <br> hang around, hang out, kill time, saunter idly; wander about<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>nereya veele irukku; inda samayattle nii summaa suttikkiTTirukkee!</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a lot of work (to do) and here you are, loafing about!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loaf away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> pass (time) by idling; spend (time) idly; fritter s.t. away<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avan neeratte summaa pookkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just loafed away his time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loan</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaimaattu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> lend (money) for a short while without bond and usually without interest; make a loan out of pocket<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>poona maasam naan avanukku nuuru ruubaa kaimaattu kuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>Last month I loaned him Rs. 100 out of pocket.</font><br> 1) (eraval taa) 2c tr<br> 2) (kaimaattu taa) 2c tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTan kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> lend (money) at interest; make a loan of (sugar, rice, etc.); give the use of (a book, magazine, newspaper, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava yaarukkum pustaham kaTan kuTukkradille</font><br> <font size=+1>She doesn't loan books to anyone.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eraval kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> lend; make a loan of (a motorcycle, a book, a knife, sugar, rice, etc.)<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avaLukku konjam kaafi tuuL eraval kuTukkriyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you loan her some [instant] coffee [powder]?</font><br> 1) (kaTan taa) 2c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loathe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaru)</font> 6 tr <br> fell disgust for; abhor; detest; dislike intensely<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He loathed taking bribes.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veru)</font> 6 tr <br> hate; dislike<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I loathe travelling by day.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lobby</b></font><br> advocate o's interest to lawmakers; attempt to influence law-making by putting pressure on legislators; spend money to influence legislation.<br> <font size=+1>He's been lobbying on behalf of his interests for the last ten years.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>localize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravaamal taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> prevent s.t. from spreading; confine; quarantine; limit, restrict, contain, circumscribe, concentrate, delimit<br> <font size=+1>We have to try to localize this outbreak of Ebola fever, and not let is spread</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLuur iyalpuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> invest s.t. with local characteristics;<br> <br> <font size=+1>They invested their religious ceremonies (rituals) with local characteristics. (They localized their religious ceremonies (rituals).)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>locate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTi kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> discover or find (s.t., s.o.) after a search; seek and find (a missing file, a lost object, a thief in a hide-out, a missing child, etc.)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>kaaNaame poona onga faile naan teeTi kaNTupiTikkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll locate your missing file.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> seek and pick out (a lost article, a missing object, etc.)<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda kuppayiledaan anda tiruppuLi keTakkaNum; ade teeTiyeTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The screwdriver must be lying around in this litter; locate it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ame)</font> 6 tr <br> establish, settle, construct or erect (a school, a factory, a plant, a well, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The government of India is (planning) to locate an airport in Salem.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(lookeeT paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> discover the place of; show the locality of (a town on a map, etc.); find or learn the position of (s.o., s.t.) after a search; establish (s.t.) in a place or locality<br> ( ) ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>inda Taunle bas sTaaNTe engee lookeeT paNNalaam?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can we locate the bus stand in this town?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTippiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> seek and find or catch (a missing person, s.o. in hiding, etc.)<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu periya kuuTTattle namma paiyane naama eppaTi teeTippiTikkradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How do we locate our boy in such a large crowd?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fix a lock, assemble, set, or put s.t. together; secure a lock<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>veLiye poohumboodu viiTTe puuTTa marakkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't forget to lock the house when you leave!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten with or as with a lock; secure (a door, a house, a car, etc.) by operating a locking mechanism<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava irumbu peTTiye puuTTikkiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was locking the iron safe.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put s.t. in a place securely; secure under lock and key<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii saikkiLe engee niruttinaalum puuTTivekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Wherever your park your bicycle, you must keep it locked.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lock o.s. in(to) s.t.</b></font><br> do s.t. to restrict o.s. to a particular plan; take measures that have consequences that can not be sidestepped<br> <font size=+1>The government doesn't want to lock itself into a position on this, because then they might have to raise taxes in an election year</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lock on to ??</b></font><br> connect s.t. to a place suitable for docking or attaching s.t.<br> <font size=+1>When the space shuttle reached the space station, it locked on to the docking port.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lock s.o. out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyee viTTu puuTTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> keep s.o. out by locking the door, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nii pattu maNikkuLLe tirumbaaTTi (tirumbaaTTaa) inda viiTTukkaari onnee veLiye viTTu puuTTiTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't return by 10:00, this landlady is likely to lock you out.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(laak avuT paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> keep (employees) out by means of a lock- out<br> , <br> <font size=+1>niinga engaLe laak auT paNNinaa nashTam ongaLukkuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>If you lock us out, the loss is (will be) yours.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lock s.o. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> incarcerate a person; put s.o. in a locked room, in a mental hospital, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga enne paittiyamaNNu solli inge aTecci veccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They said I was crazy, so they locked me up here.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLee taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> put or confine s.o. in a lock-up, jail, or prison<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne muuNu maasam uLLe taLnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They locked me up for three months. (I was locked up for three months.)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lock s.t. away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put s.t. away under lock and key; keep s.t. to o.s.; keep a secret<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>on rahasiyatte en manasileeye (puuTTi) vecciruppeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll have your secret locked away in my heart.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lock s.t. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shut up (a house, a shop, etc.) as for the night or before leaving<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaTeye puuTTiTTu keLambinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He locked up the shop and left.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> invest (money) in such a way that it cannot be liquidated easily<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>nelattle paNatte moTakkaade; nelatte siikkram paNamaakka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't lock up your money in land; you can't liquidate land quickly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lodge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6 tr <br> put (a bullet, a knife, etc.) in a particular place<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>a bullet lodged in her neck.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTavasadi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> accomodate, furnish, host, or provide with quarters, living space, or habitation for s.o.<br> 0 <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This building can lodge 20 people.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tanga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.o. to stay temporarily; furnish s.o. with quarters; accommodate, host<br> ( )?<br> <font size=+1>ivangaLe naama engee tangavekkalaam (tangacceyyalaam)?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where can we lodge these people?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lodge (at, with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( + + ~ ~, ~ ~)~</B> <font size=+1>(tangu @(+ NP + @le@)@)</font> 3 intr <br> stay, as a paying or non-paying guest; live for a short period with or without paying rent<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jayaa viiTTle tanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They lodged at Jaya's house.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lodge (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTik koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be or get fixed, stuck, embedded, caught, or implanted in s.t.<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>oru cinna miin muLLu ava toNTeyile maaTTikkiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A small fish bone got lodged in her throat.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (sikkikkoo) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tangiTu @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get fixed or implanted, as a bullet, the lip of a kinfe or a needle, etc.; end up in a certain place<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda guNTu avan toTeyile tangiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bullet lodged in his thigh.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lodge s.t. against s.o., about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(+ + + ~ ~)~</B> <font size=+1>(pohaar seyyi @(nb tr + NP + acc + patti)@)</font> 3 tr <br> make, file, register, or place (a complaint), as with the police, the principal, or s.o. in authority<br> ( ?)<br> <font size=+1>avan oru tiruTTeppatti pooliisle puhaar senjirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's lodged a complaint about a theft with the police.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loft</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkiyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hit (a ball) high or aloft, as in cricket<br> <br> <font size=+1>gavaaskar anda pande laavahamaa tuukiyaTiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Gavaskar lofted that ball deftly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukku)</font> 3 tr <br> propel a rocket into the air; launch a scheme or plan<br> <font size=+1>Today Microsoft lofted a new version of Windows that is supposed to be virus-proof</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>log</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut down or fell (trees)<br> <br> <font size=+1>verahuveTTinga enga graamattlirundu marangaLe veTTiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Wood cutters have cut down (logged) the trees in our village.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aru)</font> 6 tr <br> saw (trees)<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela kuulikkaaranga anda kaaTTlirunda marangaLe aruttukkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some workers are logging the trees in the forest.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTuhaLaa veeTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut down trees; cut into logs; harvest forest products<br> <font size=+1>In East Malaysia, they've logged the forests into oblivion.</font><br> 1) (tuNTuhaLaa aru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>log (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poTTalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> lay (a region) barren; cut down the trees of (a region) and leave it barren; clear cut a forest<br> <br> <font size=+1>verahuveTTingaLum mara viyaabaaringaLum seervaraayan malaye poTTalaakka paakkuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Shevroy hills are being totally logged off by wood-cutters and timber merchants.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loiter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hang out or around; linger aimlessly in or about a place; drift or wander around aimlessly<br> ( ) ; <br> <font size=+1>nii aafiislerundu neeraa viiTTukku vaa; summaa suttikkiTTee varaamee irukkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You come home directly from the office; don't loiter on the way.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loiter away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ; ( )</B> <font size=+1>(summaa pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> while away; pass or waste (time) idly or aimlessly<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kooTe viTumoreye avan summaa pookkinaan (or) viiNaa kazicciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has loitered away his whole summer vacation.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loiter over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> linger or dawdle over (a job)<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>?avan enda veeleyeyum izuppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He'd loiter over any job (work).</font><br> 1) (izu) 7 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loll (around)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa saayi)</font> 2b intr <br> lean or recline idly or in a relaxed manner; lie around in bed<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanukku oNNumille, avan summaa daan paTukkeyile saanjikeTakkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Nothing's the matter with him; he's just lolling in bed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loll about/around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> stand about lazily or idly; hang out or around<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>angee summaa nikkaadee; pooy paTi!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't just stand there lolling about; go and study!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa sutti vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> go or wander around lazily; move around idly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar summaa viiTTeccutti varuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just lolls around the house all the time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loll out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tongap pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allow (the tongue) to hang or dangle<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naay naakke tongappooTTukkiTTu ooTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog ran with its tongue lolling out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>long</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavi)</font> 6b intr <br> desire fervently or eagerly; wish impatiently for<br> <br> <font size=+1>tan payyane paakka avar taviccukiTTu irukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He is longing to see his son</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> yearn; feel a desire for s.t.; wish or desire for unattainable things<br> ?? ? ?<br> <font size=+1>een aaseppaTaNum? apparam een eemaaraNum?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why long (for things you can't have), and then be disappointed?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>long (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> long for; wish fervently for; eagerly desire<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLukkaa tuTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He longed for her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>long for s.o. to do s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> have a desire for or wish for s.o. to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane ava paakkaNumNNu avan aaseppaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He longed for her to want to see him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eengu)</font> 3 intr <br> pine, yearn, or desire for s.o. to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>marumaha oru tappu paNNamaaTTaaLaa-NNu ava eenginaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She longed for her daughter-in-law to make a mistake.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>long for s.t., s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel a desire for; want or wish for<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLukkaaha aaseppaTTukkiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's longing for her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eengu)</font> 3 intr <br> pine, languish, or yearn for; wish strongly for; be dying for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava oru kozandekkaaha eenginaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She longed for a baby.</font><br> 1) (eengu) 3 intr + dat<br> 2) (tavi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toottamaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> have an appearance as specified; seem or appear as specified (even if subsequently the opposite is the case); give the false appearance of s.t., while hiding the true intent<br> <br> <font size=+1>She looked enthusiastic.</font><br> 1) (tavi @comp + @enRu) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> appear or seem as specified<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava inda veelekki sariyaana aaLaa tooNuraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She looks like the right person for this job.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> turn the eyes in some direction; see; use the sight; direct the attention at a particular thing<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava meele paattukkiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was looking upward.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look (a)round</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttiyum paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look in every direction; cast o's gaze in all directions; examine the horizon<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan suttiyum paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He looked around.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look (a)round for s.t. (s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti mutti paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> turn o's head or look in all directions;<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLukkaaha sutti mutti paattaan; ava angee illee</font><br> <font size=+1>He looked (a)round for her; she wasn't there.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look (a)round s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> examine, inspect, or go sight-seeing, as a place, a park, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>seelatte sutti paakka enakku ippa neeramille</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't have time to look around Salem right now.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look (here)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ; </B> <font size=+1>(idoo paaru; ingee paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> (used as an interjection, to draw s.o.'s attention angrily or otherwise)<br> , ; <br> <font size=+1>idoo paarunga, niinga veLeyaaTnadu poodum; saapTa vaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Now look here, you've played enough; come and eat.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look (like)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> seem, spring up, come to existence, come to mind; give the appearance of; look or appear to be the case; look as if<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru veLinaaTTukku pooraar-NNu tooNradu</font><br> <font size=+1>It looks like he'll be going abroad.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look (out) on to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paarttapaTi iru)</font> 7 intr <br> overlook; have or give the view of; give onto<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ruumu kaTale paattabaTi irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Her room looks on to the sea.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look about for o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaar paTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> prepare o.s.; get o.s. ready<br> <br> <font size=+1>seelatte viTTu keLambaradukku munnaale naan enne tayaarpaTuttikka enakku neeram keTakalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't have time to have a look around [prepare myself properly] before leaving Salem.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look about o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti nooTTam viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> examine or scrutinize o's surroundings, the state of affairs, etc.; take stock of o's situation<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>onne sutti nooTTamviTu; apparam enda vyaabaaram onakku piTikkum-NNu niiyee tiirmaaniccikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Take a look around; and then decide for yourself which business you'd like.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look about/around for s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTiyale)</font> 2b intr + dat+~aaka~ <br> wander or go in search of; make search for<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda marundukkaaha teeTiyaleyaadee; idu ingee keTekkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't keep looking around for this medication; it isn't available here.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavani, gavani)</font> 6b tr <br> heed, observe, attend to, take care of things<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan keeTTukiTTa veeleye konjam kavanicciinga appaTiNNaa adu enakku konjam nalladaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>if you looked after the work I asked you to, you'd be doing me a big favor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> attend, take care of as a doctor or nurse; manage, as supervisor, director, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga uurule illaadappo enga pakkattu viiTTukkaaranga enga oTamengaLe paattukuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>our neighbors typically look after our property when we are away from home</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look after s.o., s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) , </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkoo, gavaniccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take care of; watch over; attend or administer to<br> <br> <font size=+1>en vishayangaLe naane gavaniccikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I can look after my affairs myself.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkiTTee nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> stand looking after s.o., s.t.; stand looking at s.o., s.t. as the person or thing moves away; follow visually<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaar aTutta teruvile mareyra varekkum avan ade paattukkiTTee niNNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He stood looking after the car until it turned into the next street.</font><br> 1) ~(1 )~ (gavaniccikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look ahead</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnookki paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> foresee; anticipate; visualize the future<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru naaTTooTa talevar munnookki paakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The leader of a country should look ahead.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look around (for s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti nooTTam viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> glance around; throw o's glance around; search for s.t.; have a look-see<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ava ruumukkuLLee pooyi sutti nooTTam viTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went into her room and looked around.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look around for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTiyale)</font> 2b intr <br> look about; search for; go in search of; wander around looking for s.t.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>baTjaT samayattle en breeNT sigareTTukkaaha naan teeTiyalenjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>During the budget period, I went looking around for my brand of cigarettes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look around for s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> be on the watch for; be on the look-out for<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappiyooTra vazikkaaha naan paattukkiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm looking around for a way to escape</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nookku)</font> 3 tr <br> see, look at, regard, direct the attention toward s.t.; behold; scrutinize, examine, study, review<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nelaave kavanamaa paakkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He looked at the whole situation carefully</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> observe, watch or follow the actions of s.o. (in life, on TV, etc.)<br> ! ; ( ) !<br> <font size=+1>on appaave paaru! avarukku sondakkaaranga odaviseyyalle; sneeydangadaan odavisenjaanga!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at your father! Relatives didn't help him; only friends did!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(mohatte (taleye) tiruppikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> turn o's face (head) away, as in disgust, aversion, etc.; avert the gaze<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avane paattadum mohatte tirupikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as she saw him, she looked away (averted her gaze).</font><br> 1) (paarveye tiruppi koo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> glance back; look over o's shoulder; look to the rear; (fig.) dwell on the events of the past; return in thought to the past<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tirumbi paakkaame ooTnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ran without looking back.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look back on (to) s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccuppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> remember or review s.t. in the past; turn o's thoughts to s.t. in the past; hark back to the past; return mentally to events in the past<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar settu poona raattri nihazccingaLe ava neneccuppaattukiTTirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She keeps looking back to the incidents that happened on the night he died.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look down on (upon) s.o. (s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTciyamaa paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> condescend, regard with indifference, contempt or scorn<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTTam illaadavangaLe alacciyamaa paakkradu avar vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>He tends to look down on those without any higher education.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTamaa nene)</font> 6b tr <br> regard with scorn or disdain; think little of s.o. (s.t.); look down o's nose at s.t.; be condescending toward s.o. or s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda veeleyeyum maTTamaa nenekkaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't look down upon any job!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look for s.o. (s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> try to find; search for<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>kaaNaamepoona faile avan teeTippaattukkiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was looking for the missing file.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> seek or search for<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii enna teeTikkiTTirukkee?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you looking for?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> expect<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda viyaabaarattle nii avvaLavu siikkram laabatte edirpaakka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You can't look for profit so soon in this business.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look forward to (doing) s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> expect or anticipate; foresee<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe marubaTiyum paakka aaseyooTa edirpaattukkiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's eagerly looking forward to seeing her again.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look in (on s.o., s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vandupaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> come and see (s.o., s.t.); visit briefly or casually<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar tirumbavum raattri vandupaappaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor will look in again tonight.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTippaaru)</font> 6 intr, tr <br> pay a call; visit briefly or casually<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>aTutta vaaram nii niccayamaa engaLe enga pudu viiTTule eTTippaakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must certainly look in on us (in our new house) next week</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look into s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parisiilane seyyi @(nb tr & intr)@)</font> 1 tr & intr <br> examine (a file, an application, etc.); inquire into (a question, an affair, a problem, etc.); have a look at; take a hard look at<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Government of Tamilnadu will look into the problem of sales taxes.</font><br> 1) (aaraayndu paaru) 6 tr<br> 2) (polan visaaraNe seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> (of a doctor) professionally look at the inside of (the eye, the ear, the nose or the mouth); examine<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naan kaadu valikkidu-NNadum TaakTar en kaadukkuLLe (kaade) paattaar</font><br> <font size=+1>When I said my ear ached, the doctor looked inside it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> (of a person) look at the inside of (a bag, a box, a cupboard, a room, a well, etc.)<br> ; ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naan en biiroovukkuLLe paatteen; en vaac angeeyum illee</font><br> <font size=+1>I looked into my chest of drawers; my wrist watch wasn't there either.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> (of a policeman, customs officers, etc.) examine officially (a box, a cupboard, a room, etc.)<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>oru sunga adihaari en peTTikkuLLe paattaar (or) sunga adihaari en peTTiye tirandupaattaar</font><br> <font size=+1>A customs officer opened my suitcase (and looked into it).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look on s.o. (s.t.) as</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> think; consider or regard in a specified manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>sigareT kuTikkrade avan keTTa pazakkamaa eNNraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He looks on smoking as a bad habit.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look on s.o. (s.t.) with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look upon; consider or regard s.o. (s.t.) in a specified manner, as with doubt, suspicion, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avane sandeehattooTa paattaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She looked on (at) him with suspicion.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look on to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> overlook or overlooking<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu teruve paatta are</font><br> <font size=+1>This room looks on to the street.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) !</B> <font size=+1>(paattu paattu!)</font> 6 tr (idiom) <br> watch out! take care! be on guard!<br> ! d <br> <font size=+1>paattu paattu! oru bas veehamaa varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Look out! There's a bus coming fast.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyee paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> direct o's sight or look to the outside; case o's gaze outward<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kaTave terandu veLiye paattaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She opened the door and looked out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look out of s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~x~ </B> <font size=+1>(@x@vaziyaa veLiye eTTi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> direct o's sight or put o's head, as out of a window, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avan jannal vaziyaa veLiye eTTippaattukkiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was looking out of the window.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look out s.t. for s.o. (s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teendeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> be on the lookout for s.t.; be intending to choose or select s.t. for s.o. (s.t.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>He looked out for a gift for her.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look over s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paarve iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> see, examine, or inspect, as a house, correspondence, etc.; have a look at<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandri ellaa kaTidangaLeyum paarve iTTuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Minister has looked over all the letters.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look round for s.t. (s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTiyale)</font> 2b intr <br> look around for; go in search of; search for; seek; keep a look-out for; keep an eye out for; shop around for<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava oru nalla paTTu poTavekkaaha teeTiyalenjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She kept looking (a)round for a good silk sari.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look s.o. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> call on or visit s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaNTikki poonaa nii en maamaave eTTi paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look up my uncle if you go to Pondicherry.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look s.o. up and down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ; </B> <font size=+1>(meelum kiizum paaru; eera erangappaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> survey the external appearance of s.o. from top to toe; examine s.o. carefully or contemptuously<br> , <br> <font size=+1>sunga adihaari onne eera eranga paattaa bayappaTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't be afraid if a customs officer looks you up and down.</font><br> 1) (eera eranga paaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look s.t. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> find or seek out (a word in a dictionary, a fact in a reference book, etc.)<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda TairakTariyile avarooTa Telifoon nambare paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look up his telephone number in this directory.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look through s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) @X@ </B> <font size=+1>(@x@ vaziyaa paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> direct the eyes or the sight through s.t., such as an aperture, slit or opening<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kadavu iTukku vaziyaa paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He looked through a crack in the door.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(turuvippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look probingly; study or examine (a file, a proposal, an idea, a bill, etc.); cause the eyes to peruse a document; look s.t. over<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava anda yoosaneye turuvippaattaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She looked through the suggestion (proposal).</font><br> 1) (parisiili) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> review (a lesson, a subject, etc.); read or study again<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>pariccekki munnaale inda kaNanke tiruppippaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Look through these calculations before the examination.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be careful of or about; pay careful attention to s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>on veeleye patti gavanamaa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look to your work.</font><br> 1) (gavanam seluttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look to (towards)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paattiru)</font> 7 tr <br> look on to; face; be oriented toward<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTu meekke (aatte) paattirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Our house looks to the west (towards the river).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look to s.o. for s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be dependent on s.o.; rely on or direct o's hopes on s.o.; turn to s.o. for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku odaviseyya nii avane nambiyirukkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't look to him to help you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nimindu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look up significantly or assertively; look s.o. in the eye; gaze steadily at s.o. without flinching<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tappu senjadukkappuramum enne nimindu paattu peesa onakku eppaTi dairiyam varudu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How do you have the guts to look up at me and speak, especially after making a mistake?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeriTTu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> raise o's glance or eyes; direct o's eyes upward<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paTikkrade niruttiTTu eeriTTu paattaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She stopped reading and looked up.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meelee paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> direct the eyes upward; raise o's glance<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan meele paattaan; vaanattle oru meehamkuuTa illee</font><br> <font size=+1>He looked up; there wasn't even a cloud in the sky.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>look up to s.o. as</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madi)</font> 6b tr <br> esteem or respect s.o. as; hold in high regard<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone looked up to him as an unsullied politician.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loom (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puudaahaaramaa uruveTu)</font> 6 intr <br> assume a gigantic or monstrous form; grow or be exaggerated out of proportion to actual circumstances<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Fear of the examination loomed large in his mind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(buudaahaaramaa tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> appear or come into view with a gigantic or monstrous form<br> <br> <font size=+1>???</font><br> <font size=+1>A shape loomed up in the dark.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loop around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti vaLeccukkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> (of a highway, a river, etc.) go round; go circling around<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda aaru enga uure sutti vaLeccikkiTTu poovudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This river loops around our town.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe)</font> 6b tr <br> break; undo or unfasten (a seal or fetters)<br> <br> <font size=+1>??nereya peeru aTime taLeye oTekka paaTupaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many strove to loose the fetters of slavery.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release; let fly (an arrow or a rocket)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru ambe viTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He loosed an arrow.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6 tr <br> release, set free; let loose<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She loosed the caged bird.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loosen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aviz)</font> 6 tr <br> unbind, release, or relax, as bindings, fetters, constraints;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan muTiye avizttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He loosened the knot.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kazattu)</font> 3 tr <br> unscrew (the cap of a bottle, the neck of a pen, a screw, etc.); undo or unfasten (a bandage, a bond or fetters)<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en kaiyileyirunda kaTTe kazattneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I loosened the bandage on my arm.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLarttu)</font> 3 tr <br> loosen, slacken or relax (the hold or grip)<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en piTiye taLattuneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I loosened my grip.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taLarttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make less tight (a bandage, a knot, etc.); slacken (a rope, a cable, a wire, etc.); make loose (a hold, a grip or a grasp); relax (a restriction, constraint, control, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiya arasu erakkumadi kaTTuppaaTungaLe taLatta poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Indian Government is going to loosen the import restrictions.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(luus paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> make loose; make less tight (a screw, a nut, a hold, a bandage or anything that is tight)<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar en kaTTe luuspaNNaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor loosened my bandage.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(luusaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (of a nut, a screw, a knot, a joint, or anything that ought to be tight or firmly fixed) become loose or loosen<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda naT luusaayiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>This nut got loosened.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loosen up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLaraviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make (a hold or grip) looser; slacken (a taut rope, wire, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda kambiye taLaraviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He loosened up the wire.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> relax o's position; let down o's guard somewhat; be flexible about s.t.; take a less rigid stance; back off<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Hey, loosen up! we're not professional players here.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suureyaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> plunder; pillage; act like a predator; prey upon; rob, loot, raid, ransack, rifle, strip, fleece, ravage, lay waste, despoil, spoil, spoliate, depredate, harry, maraud, sack, rape<br> <br> <font size=+1>koLLekkaaranga graamatteye muzusaa suureyaaTiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The robbers plundered and looted the whole village</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suureyaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> sack, ransack, plunder, or pillage (a city, a shop, etc.) as in war, during riots, etc.; rob or burgle (a house, a village, etc.)<br> ( ) ?<br> <font size=+1>inda myuusiyatte suureyaaTa evvaLavu neeram piTiccadu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How much time did it take to loot this museum (of all its treasures)?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kooLeyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> take or carry off (s.t.) as loot; rob or burgle (a house, a museum, a shop, etc.); rob s.o. of their patrimony<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela peer inda naaTTeye koLLeyaTikka paakkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people are trying to loot (the resources of) this country.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tari)</font> 6b tr <br> cut or chop off the branches, twigs, etc. (of a tree or plant)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>eezeTTu peer angee irunda marangaLe tariccikkiTTu (veTTiTTukkiTTu) irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Seven or eight persons were lopping trees out there.</font><br> 1) ( ) (aricci (veTTi) viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lop away, off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tongaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (of people) let (a limb) hang loosely; (of animals) let (ears) hang or droop<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naay kaade tongaviTTukkiTTu vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog came, lopping its ears.</font><br> 1) (siivu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lop away/off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> chop or cut off (a limb or the head) from a person<br> <br> <font size=+1>sauTi araabiyaavle tiruTanooTa kaiye siiviTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In Saudi Arabia, they lop off the hand of a thief.</font><br> 1) (tari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tari)</font> 6b tr <br> cut or chop off (branches, twigs, etc.) from a tree or plant<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ellaa keLeyeyum een nii veTTnee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why did you lop off all the branches?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cut off or sever (a limb, etc.) from a person, animal, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo avan taleye veTTiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody lopped off his head.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lop down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tongu)</font> 3 intr <br> hang loosely or limply; (esp. of animal's ears) hang or droop downwards<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kazudeyooTa kaadunga tongi keTandicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The donkey's ears kind of lopped down loosely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lope</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLiyooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (esp. of hare, deer, etc.) run with springing steps; move fast with long, easy strides<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>oru moyal anda meeTTle tuLLi (tuLLiyooTi) eericci</font><br> <font size=+1>A hare loped up the slope (mound).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taaviyooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (esp. of animals) run with long bounding strides; run with long leaps<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naayi taaviyooTi poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog loped away [into the distance]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lord (it) over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkiyaaLu)</font> 1 tr <br> rule in a domineering or subduing manner; rule over s.o. repressively; exercise or flaunt authority or power over s.o.; domineer or rule over s.o.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>enne aTakkiyaaLa paakkaadenga; oru manevikkum sela urimenga irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't try to lord (it) over me; a wife has got some rights, too.</font><br> 1) (adihaaram paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 6 tr <br> be dispossessed of s.t. by accident, theft, etc; miss (a chance, an opportunity, etc.); fail to have or get (a job, a contract, a piece of business, etc.)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>inda sovar gaTihaaram oru vaarattukku anju nimisham izukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This wall clock loses five minutes in a week.</font><br> 1) (kooTTe viTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (meduvaa ooTu) 3 intr<br> 3) (tavara viTu) 4 tr<br> 4) (pari kuTu) 6 tr<br> 5) (ole) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kooTTeviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fail to win (a prize, etc.); miss or fail to catch (a bus, a train, etc.)<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii eppaTi inda parise kooTTeviTTee?</font><br> <font size=+1>How did you [manage to] lose this prize?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaraviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be dispossessed of s.t. as by accident, theft, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda samayattileeyum avan nidaanatte tavaraviTamaaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He never loses his balance under any circumstance.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(parikuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> be robbed or deprived of (a possession)<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda ina kalavarattle avan uyire parikuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lost his life in a race riot.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give up or abandon (o's hope, conviction, principle, interest, self-consciousness, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLeyaaTTle onakku irukkra aarvatte nii kaiviTakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You mustn't lose the interest you have in games (sports).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(meduvaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of a clock or watch) run or go slow (by a certain amount of time)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>en vaac oru naaLekki oru maNi neeram meduvaa poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My watch loses an hour a day.</font><br> 1) (viTTuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(izukka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause the loss of (s.t.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku avanooTa terameyinme avan veeleye izukka senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His inefficiency lost his job for him.</font><br> 1) (kooTTe viTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (meduvaa ooTu) 3 intr<br> 3) (tavara viTu) 4 tr<br> 4) (pari kuTu) 6 tr<br> 5) (ole) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(toottu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> suffer defeat or get defeated, as in a contest, race, etc.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>ava enneviTa veehamaa ooTnaa; adanaale naan toottu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>She ran faster than I did, so I lost.</font><br> 1) (meduvaa poo) 3b intr + adv<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(pookkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> be dispossessed of (s.t.) by accident, theft, etc.; waste (an opportunity) etc.<br> w; <br> <font size=+1>avan varamaaTTaan; avanukkaaha kaattukkiTTirundu pozude pookkaTikkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>He won't come; don't lose time waiting for him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(parikuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be robbed of; lose a person by death<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava aattu veLLattule naalu puLLengaLe parikuTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lost four children when the river flooded</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(tole @(rb tr)@)</font> 7 intr <br> be robbed of; be bereft of; lose a person by death<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan toTandu siiTTu veLeyaaTunadaale ellaa sotteyum toleccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Because he played the ?following sheet, he lost all his wealth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(toottuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or get defeated in (a match, a game, a battle, an argument, a lawsuit, etc.)<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan inda keesle tookkappooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's going to lose this lawsuit.</font><br> 1) (meduvaa poo) 3b intr + adv<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lose in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get spoiled or worse; suffer loss in effectiveness, quality, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTamaakkradule inda naaval baadikkappaTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>This novel may lose (something) in the process of being filmed.</font><br> 1) (baadikka-paTu) 4 intr + noun + ~il~<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lose o.s. in s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aazndapoo)</font> 3b intr <br> get engrossed in s.t.; become immersed or absorbed in s.t.; get taken up with s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda kadeyile aazndupoonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lost herself in the story.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mara)</font> 7 tr <br> forget o.s. in s.t.; become engrossed in s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She forgot (lost) herself in the beauty of the full moon.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lose on s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nashTappaTu)</font> 4 intr + NP + ~il~ - <br> suffer loss on s.t.<br> ( ) ( <br> <font size=+1>anda kaanTraakTle ava nashTappaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lost on that contract.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lose one's head</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nidaanam tavaru)</font> 3 intr, tr <br> lose o's poise or mental balance, equilibrium; become overwhelmed by circumstances<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When everyone around him was losing his head, he kept his wits about him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sookki poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be wildly excited; be beside o.s.; be under the control of feelings; fall madly in love with s.o.<br> <font size=+1>When he gambles, he tends to lose his head and then all of his money, too.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lose one's way</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) , </B> <font size=+1>(vazitappi poo, vazitavari poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get lost; miss the way; let o.s. go astray<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maleyile vazitavarippooradu sulabam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's easy to lose your way in these hills.</font><br> 1) (vazi tavari poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lose out (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nashTappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> suffer loss from (a deal, a venture, a business contract, etc.); be excluded from s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda berattle nii nashTappaTappooree!</font><br> <font size=+1>You're going to lose (out) on this deal!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 7 tr <br> suffer the loss of; forego (benefits, etc. from)<br> <br> <font size=+1>soya veele vaayppu tiTTa nanmengaLe avan izukka virumballe</font><br> <font size=+1>He did not want to lose the self-employment benefits.</font><br> 1) (toottuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toottu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get defeated; suffer defeat<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>tirumbavum avan toottuppoonaan; toottuppoonadu avanukku vazakkamaa poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>He lost out again; losing out has become a habit with him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lose s.t. by s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nashTappaTu)</font> 4 intr, tr <br> suffer loss by s.t.; lose o's shirt in an endeavor<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naavalaale avar nashTappaTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He lost a lot as a result of that novel.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loss, be (get)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become ruined or undone<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inimeele naama oNNum seyyamuTiyaadu; ellaam keTTuppoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>We can't do anything more; everything is a total loss.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 2b intr <br> (of civilization, habits, animals, etc.) be extinct; (of crops, etc.) be ruined; perish; be a total loss; (of people) be brought to ruin or destruction<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu mazeyile avan payirellaam azinjipoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>All of his crops were a total loss after last night's rain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lost, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be destroyed, be wiped out, be extinct, be eliminated<br> <br> <font size=+1>suudu veLayaaTiyee avanga sottu puuraavum azinju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All their property was lost through gambling</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lost, be (get)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaNaame poo)</font> 3b intr <br> vanish; be missing or dead; disappear without a trace<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onga saikkiL engee kaaNaame poocci?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where was your bicycle lost?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lost, get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi tavaru)</font> 3 intr <br> go astray, go away from the right path, wander off, lose o's way<br> <br> <font size=+1>periya naharangaLle vazitavarippooradu sakajamaa naTakkradu daan</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not at all unusual for people to get lost in big cities</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>loud, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ereccalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be noisy or full of noise; be clamorous or vociferous<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga ereccalaana paaTTu paaTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They sing loud, noisy music</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pahaTTaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of color, dress, manners, behavior, etc.) be garish or gaudy; be showy or obstrusively vulgar<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pacce neram pahaTTaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This shade of green is really loud</font><br> 1) (balamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sattamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be not quiet or soft; be noisy<br> - ( ) <br> <font size=+1>tiTiirNNu balamaana iTi (sattamaana iTi) keeTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly, loud thunder was heard</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lounge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa paTuttiru)</font> 7 intr <br> recline lazily or indolently; lie around lazily, taking it easy<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyileyirundu avan anda muuleyile summaa paTuttikkiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's been lounging in that corner since morning.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa saanjukiTTu nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> stand about lazily, leaning against s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veLakku kambattukku aTiyile avan summaa saanjikkiTTu niNNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was just lounging around there under the lamp post.</font><br> 1) (summaa saanjukiTTu okkaaru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lounge about/around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa suttittiri)</font> 2b intr <br> wander or move in a lazy indolent manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava ingeedaan engeeyaavadu summaa sutti tirinjikkiTTiruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's probably lounging around somewhere in the vicinity</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lounge away/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa poozudu pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> pass (time) lazily or idly<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan neettu maddiyaanam muzukka summaa pozudu pookkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lounged away the whole afternoon yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>louse up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> spoil; foul or mess up; make a mess of s.t.<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda uurvalattukku eerppaaTupaNra veeleye avankiTTe viTaadee; avan ade keTuttuTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't entrust him with the job of organizing for this procession; he'll louse it up.</font><br> 1) (kozapp-iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>love</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadali)</font> 6b tr <br> fall in love with s.o.; have or feel love for (s.o. of the opposite sex)<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii yaare kaadalikkree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who(m) do you love?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> like; take pleasure in s.t. (w. dative subject)<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku ravi shankkare piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>I like (love) (the music of) Ravi Shanker.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(anbu kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> show or have love or affection for (s.o. or any living being)<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You must [try to] love even your enemy.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poNaru)</font> 2 tr <br> make love to; have sex with<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe poNantaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He made love to her. (He loved her.)</font><br> 1) (piTi) 6b tr 3pn + dat<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(neesi)</font> 6 tr <br> feel love for (s.o. of the opposite sex); have love or affection for (a living being)<br> <br> <font size=+1>buttar ellaa uyirhaLeyum neesiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The Buddha loved all living beings.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>love, be in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(virumbu)</font> 3 tr <br> desire; like; be emotionally involved with<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaarttik oru poNNe virumburaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Karthik is in love with a girl</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>low</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of cattle) moo; bellow<br> <br> <font size=+1>een inda pasu tiTiir-NNu kattudu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are the cattle suddenly lowing?</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lower</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring down, diminish; degrade, bring or cause to descend to a lower elevation<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeleyaaLunga kalle buumile taazttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The laborers lowered the stone to the ground.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> shorten; diminish; make less, lessen, bring down<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTekkaarar veleye konjamkuuTa korekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>The shopkeeper did not lower his price, not even a wee bit</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce, as inflation, prices, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veleye koreccaadaan inda poTavaye vaanguveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will buy this saree only if you lower the price</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring down from a height; make low; degrade; abase; make less important; reduce; bring down; cause to decline or weaken<br> / ?<br> <font size=+1>meele ulla poTTiye nii eppaTi taaztti eTuppee?</font><br> <font size=+1>How are you going to lower the box that's way up on top?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause (a flag, a bucket, etc.) to descend; let (a curtain, a burden, etc.) down; put (a child, etc.) down<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en kozendeye erakki tareyile viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I lowered my child onto the floor.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> decrease, lessen or reduce the amount, volume, price, force, degree, etc. of s.t.<br> ; ( ) <br> <font size=+1>reeTiyoo romba sattamaa irukku; adooTa sattatte kore</font><br> <font size=+1>The radio is awfully loud; lower the volume.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> soften or make (voice, etc.) less loud; make s.t. lower in height or level<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuriye taaztti suTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Lower your aim and shoot.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> let (o's head, eyes, etc.) down; humble or abase o.s.; stoop to a lower level; do s.t. beneath o's dignity<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan enne taazttikkiTTu inda kaariyatte seyyamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I won't lower myself to do this thing.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of price, level of temperature, water, etc.) decrease, fall or diminish<br> <br> <font size=+1>veleyellaam erangiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>Prices have all lowered</font><br> 1) (kore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lower (become)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> (of price, temperature, water level, etc.) grow less; diminish or decrease; go down;sink<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aNeyile taNNi maTTam korenjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water level in the damn has become lower.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lower (cf. get lower)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaz)</font> 2 intr <br> (of voice, temperature, water level, etc.) grow less or diminish in volume, intensity, degree, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava koral taazndadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her voice got lower.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lubricate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNey viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> apply drops of oil as a lubricant to<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava taiyal meshinukku dinamum eNNe viTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lubricates (oils) the sewing machine daily.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(griis taTavu)</font> 3 intr <br> spread grease over; apply grease to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda beeringukku griis taTavunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lubricated the bearing.</font><br> 1) (ooyil viTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lug</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taradaraNNu izuttukkiTTu poo)</font> 3 tr <br> drag or pull along roughly; pull or move with difficulty<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru arisi muuTTeye taradaraNNu izuttukkiTTu pooyi muuleyile niruttiveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He lugged a bag of rice in and set it in the corner.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTappaTTu eTuttukkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> carry in or along with difficulty or effort; haul clumsily<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avaLum naanum anda meejeye maaTikki kashTappaTTu eTuttukkiTTu poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>She and I lugged the table upstairs.</font><br> (paTTu tuukkikkoNTu poo}\rt{) a-pa88u tuukki-ki88u<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lull</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 6b tr <br> allay; make (doubts, fears, suspicions, etc.) less active; soothe, soften, mollify<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>naan ava bayatte taNicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I lulled her fear(s).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring (fear, doubt, mistrust, etc.) to an end; cause to vanish; soothe, mollify<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avan avanambikkeye pookkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>She lulled away his mistrust.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuungavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put to sleep or cause to go to sleep (by soothing means)<br> ( ) ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava anda kozandeye taalaaTTi tuungaveccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lulled the child to sleep by by rocking it back and forth.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lump</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruNTe piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> form into a clump, ball, or lump<br> <br> <font size=+1>ittane laTTungale nii taniyaavaa uruNTe piTiccee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Did you make this many laddu lumps all by yourself?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lump (it)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> tolerate, put up with or endure; take it or leave it<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda veele sulabamillee; ide nii poruttukka veeNTiyirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This job isn't easy; you'll have to like it or lump it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lump together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTimottamaa oNNu seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> put or (several items) collectively together, as for accounting purposes; combine under one heading or rubric<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda selavungaLe oTTumottamaa oNNuseettu tirapuvizaa kaNakkle ezudiTalaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we lump together these expenses and apply them to the Inauguration Account?</font><br> 1) (oru vaihappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lumpy, get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTi kaTTi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of flour, milk powder, granulated food stuffs, etc.) form into clumps; become lumpy<br> d ; <br> <font size=+1>inda maave adiha naaL veccirukkaade; idu siikkram kaTTi kaTTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't keep this flour too many days; it'll get lumpy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lunch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(Tifan saappiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> eat tiffin; have a light meal or snack<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki nii engee Tifan saappiTTee</font><br> <font size=+1>Where did you lunch today?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lunge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> move suddenly and forcefully, as in sports or other physical action; spring, jump, leap, bound, dash, charge, pounce, dive<br> <font size=+1>When the police tried to capture the thief, he lunged at one of them and stabbed him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lurch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTi naharu)</font> 2 intr <br> move in fitfully; move in fits and starts, lurchingly or staggeringly<br> <br> <font size=+1>en pazeya kaar taLLaaTi nahara aarambiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>My old car began to lurch forward.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of a ship, boat, etc.) sway or roll sideways; (of a person or animal) lose o's balance, stagger. totter<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiir-NNu avan taLLaaTi kiize vizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly he lurched and fell down.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> make an abrupt, unsteady, uncontrolled movement or series of movements; stagger; walk unsteadily; stumble, wobble, sway, reel, roll, weave, pitch, totter, blunder<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>anda kuTikaaran teruvile taLLaTi naTandaan (naTandukiTTu poonaan)</font><br> <font size=+1>The drunk lurched along the street.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavandizu)</font> 6 tr <br> draw by attraction, fascination or enticement<br> <br> <font size=+1>tirumbavum enne kaTal gavandizukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sea lures me again.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lure s.o., s.t. away fro??</b></font><br> <font size=+1>He wasn't planning to leave that job, but then he got an offer that lured him away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lure s.o., s.t. into??</b></font><br> <font size=+1>They lured him into a trap and then stole all his money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lurk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTikka suttikiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be waiting to catch s.o.; hang around, hover<br> <font size=+1>I'm lurking here, hoping he'll come by.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLuura iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of fear, doubt, suspicion, etc.) be latent; be deeply submerged; be unsuspected or unperceived; be hiding, be lying in wait<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan manasile innum konjam bayam uLLuura irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There's still some fear lurking in his mind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(padungiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> lie in wait or ambush; keep concealed or crouched; hang out partially concealed<br> <br> <font size=+1>edukku avan anda marattukku pinnaale tuppaakkiyooTa padungikkiTTirukkaan?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is he lurking with a gun behind that tree?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(marenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> lie hidden or concealed; exist unseen, unperceived or unsuspected<br> <br> <font size=+1>kodikkavecca taNNiyileeyum abaayam marenjirukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Danger may be lurking even in boiled water.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lust after/for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaamaverikoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1intr <br> have a strong sexual passion for (a woman)<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He'll lust after any woman.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iccekoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> have a sexual desire for (a woman); have a yearning or desire for (wealth, power, office, etc.)<br> j <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Jayalalitha is lusting after power.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veripiTiccale)</font> 2b intr <br> go after s.o. or s.t. (gold, power) with passion or craze<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNattukkaaha veripiTiccaleyaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't lust for (after) money.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>lustrous, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paLapaLappaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become gleaming, radiant or shining<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>With makeup, her face became lustrous</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paLapaLa)</font> 6 intr <br> gleam or shine; be gleaming, radiant or luminous<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>paar, ava kaNNunga eppaTi paLapaLakkudu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how lustrous her eyes have become!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>luxuriant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of a country) be flourishing; (of soil or imagination) be fertile; (of forest, hair, etc.) be lush; be strong in growth; (of literary style) be florid or elaborate<br> ( ) ( )<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>luxuriant countries (forests) (areas)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sezi)</font> 6 intr <br> flourish, thrive or grow well; (of soil, vegetation, etc.) be abundant in growth; (of soil, etc.) be fertile; (of hair) be lush<br> <br> <font size=+1>sezippaana vaLarcci</font><br> <font size=+1>luxuriant growth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>luxuriate (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLe)</font> 6b intr <br> enjoy o.s. sumptuously; revel in; take great delight in; enjoy the luxury of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela erumenga anda koLattule teLeccu paTuttirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Some buffaloes lay luxuriating in that pond.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>macerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koze)</font> 6b tr <br> mix and crush or soften (medicinal powder), as in honey or ghee<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda marunde teenle kozecci naalu veeLekki saappiTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Macerate this medicine with honey and take four times a day</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>machine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meshinle uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make, form, or produce with a machine; manufacture<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maadiri saTTeyeyellaam meshinle seyya muTiyaatu</font><br> <font size=+1>These kinds of shirts can't be machine-made</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>machine-gun</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuppaakkiyaale suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shoot with a machine-gun; kill using a machine-gun; gun down<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru bayangravaadi eezu peere tuppaakkiyaale suTTuTTaaNNu peepparle pooTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It was reported in the newspaper that a terrorist had machine-gunned seven people</font><br> 1) (meshin gannaal suTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mad, be/go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paittiyamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of people) become insane or crazy; go nuts, go bananas, go off the deep end; lose o's marbles<br> <br> <font size=+1>tandiyep paTiccadum avan paittiyamaayiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He went mad after reading the telegram</font><br> 1) (paittiyam piTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veri piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of dogs) be or become rabid<br> . .<br> <font size=+1>anda naaykiTTe poohaade. adukku veri puTiccirukku.</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't go near that dog. It's {a] mad [dog]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(madam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of elephants) be or become crazy<br> <br> <font size=+1>madam puTicca yaane</font><br> <font size=+1>a mad (rogue) elephant</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mad, drive/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veripiTikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> drive s.o. mad; make (s.o.) wild or angry; cause to be irritated or vexed<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe otta talevali enne veripuTikka vakkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>My migraine is driving me mad</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mad, make/drive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paittiyamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make insane or crazy; drive s.o. nuts<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan taleyile paTTa kaayam avane paittiyamaakkiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>His head injury drove him mad.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>madden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ericcaluuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> cause irritation to (s.o.); vex or annoy; make (s.o.) angry or annoy; drive s.o. crazy<br> <br> <font size=+1>kasaa mussNNu cattam enakku ericcal uNTaakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The blaring noise in this place is maddening</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>magnetize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaandavese kuTu @(r tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> give magnetic properties to (a piece of iron)<br> ? ~(f )~<br> <font size=+1>inda irumbu tuNTukku eppaTi kaanda vesa kuTukkradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How will you magnetize this piece of iron?</font><br> 1) 3a tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>magnify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perisu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause (a problem, an affair, a mistake, etc.) to seem big; consider or blow s.t. (all) out of proportion to its importance; exaggerate the importance of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan senja cinna tappe nii romba perisu paTuttre</font><br> <font size=+1>You are magnifying what was a very negligible mistake</font><br> 1) (perisu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(perisupaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> (of a lens, microscope, etc.) make (s.t.) appear larger; cause (s.t.) larger<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maikraaskooppu uruvatteyellaam nallaa perisupaNNum</font><br> <font size=+1>This microscope magnifies objects really well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(perisaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> (of a lens, etc.) enlarge or increase the apparent size of (s.t.); blow up (the size of)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puuda kaNNaaTi ezutteyellaam nallaa perisaakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This magnifying glass magnifies the letters nicely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(??mehe paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> exaggerate; make (s.t.) seem greater or more important.<br> .<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He magnifies the dangers that could arise out of inflation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tabaalle anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> send (s.t.) by mail or post; dispatch by post or mail<br> <br> <font size=+1>saayandiram anju maNikkuLLe inda paarsaleyellaam tabaalle anuppiTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Mail all these parcels before five o'clock</font><br> 1) (poosT paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (tabaal peTTiyle pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>maim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uunamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause (s.o.) to be disabled; wound, hurt or injure (s.o.) in a part of the body; cause trauma to<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru saale vibattu avane uunamaakkiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>A road accident maimed him for life.</font><br> 1) 3a tr<br> 2) (noNTiyaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>maintain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> take care of (s.t.) as of business, store, etc.; keep up, keep running<br> <br> <font size=+1>nuuttuk kaNakkule aaLunga veele seyra inda tozircaaleye naTatta oru tanit terame veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Special skill is needed for anyone to maintain this factory with hundreds of workers</font><br> 1) (paattukkoo) 1 tr<br> 2) (nirvaaham paNNu) 6b tr<br> 3) (kaNkaaNi) 6b tr<br> 4) (samaaLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(takkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> retain (s.t.); continue to hold (s.t.)<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>naalu varusham toTandu jermaniyee olimpik [swimming] ulaha kooppeye takkavaccikkiTTirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>For four years continuously, Germany maintained the world record for olympic swimming.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>maintain (order)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungaa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put or keep in a proper order; arrange properly or neatly; keep up standards<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku viiTTe ozungaa vekka teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>She does not know how to maintain order in the home</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>major in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu paTi)</font> 6b tr <br> choose an area of concentrated study esp. in college or university; (Brit.) read (a subject)<br> !<br> <font size=+1>niinga ungaLooTe paTTa paTippule kaNakku eTuttu paTicciingaNNu enakku teriyaadu!</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't know that you majored in mathematics for your degree?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> produce, as an effect; bring about; cause to be; cf. also construct, build, assemble, put together, manufacture, produce, fabricate, create, form, fashion, result in<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavooTa verri ellaarukkum sandooshatte eerpaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>India's win made everyone happy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vasadippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be convenient; be favorable; manage to accomplish or do s.t.;<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>iNNekki enga viiTTukku saappiTa vara ungaLukku vasadippaTumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you make it (to come) to my house today for dinner?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> appoint s.o. for a post in a status<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uure maavaTTamaa aakki, idukku oru vayadaana aaLe kalekTaraakkiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>This town was made into a district capital and an old man has been made the district collector</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> train s.o. to become a professional; produce s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>indak kalluuriyooTe isait turai nereya kalainjarhaLe uruvaakkiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The music department of this university has made many artists</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> ??become attached to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaarum inda vaattiyaarkiTTa nalla maaNavan aayiTamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>??No one can make this teacher a better student</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> have, cause or give an after-effect<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTeyile saappiTTa saappaaTu enakku vayittuvaliye uNTaakkiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The food I ate in this restaurent made me sick to my stomach</font><br> 1) (koTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) ~X~ , ~ ~ </B> <font size=+1>(@X@ kuuTTinaa, @Y@ vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> result of that which comes by adding numbers<br> <br> <font size=+1>anjeyum eTTeyum kuuTTinaa padimuuNu varum</font><br> <font size=+1>Five and eight makes thirteen</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cook or prepare certain dishes, as of snacks; produce toys, pots, furniture etc.<br> ; ; <br> <font size=+1>taccan meese naakkaali seyvaan; kuyavan saTTi paane seyvaan; ennooTe ammaa nereye palahaaram seyvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Carpenters make furniture; potmakers make vessals; my mother makes lots of snacks</font><br> 1) (paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make (a living)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozeppu naTattu)</font> 3 intr <br> lead or live o's life; manage to survive financially; make out or make do financially<br> <br> <font size=+1>eedoo inda vaattiyaar uttiyoohattule ennaale ooraLavukku pozappu naTatta muTiyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>With this teaching job, I managed somehow to make my living</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make (an) effort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moyarciseyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a try, have a go at, try hard, work hard; use some elbow grease<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazkkeyile nallabaTiyaa moyarcisenjaa ellaam nallabaTi naTakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>if you really make an effort and plan well, good things will happen</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make (it)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTi)</font> 2b intr <br> be able to; obtain or attain a goal; read a certain point<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ennaale muTinjadu ivvaLavudaan. idukku meele ennaale oru aTi kuuTa navura muTiyaadu.</font><br> <font size=+1>This is as far as I can make it; I can't go a single step further</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make (money)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaasu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> earn money; do well financially<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru varushandaan ivar amaccaraa irundaar; adukkuLLe nereye kaasu paNNiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He worked as minister just for one year. But he made a lot of money in this short period</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make (off with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkiTTupoo)</font> 3b tr <br> have with one; carry off; steal away (with); convey, transfer, move, take, bring, bear, lug, fetch; take away, steal, purloin, pinch<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTanga erevule enga viiTTukkuLLe puhundu enga paNattayellaam eTuttuTTupoonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Thieves snuck into our house at night and made off with all our money.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make (out) that/like</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veesham pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> pretend or claim to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>uuruleeyee taandaan panakkaaraNNu romba peeru veesham pooTTukkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people in this town try to make out like they're the richest person in the entire town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make (s.o. do s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.o. to do s.t.; put s.o. in a position to; have s.o. do s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>cinnavayasuliyee avane poy peesa vekkaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Dont make him lie at such a small age!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make (verb)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ f + ~ </B> <font size=+1>(@infinitive + @ vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.t. to happen<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan aTicca aTi avane tirumbi paakkaame ooTa vaccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The blow/hit I gave him made him run without even turning back</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make a display of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make a show of s.t.; overdo, exaggerate the display of finery; go beyond the bounds of good taste with; go overboard on or with s.t.; make a big splash with s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava aLavukku adihamaa alangaaram paNNikiTTu minukkuraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She makes a big display of her jewels and finery</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make a face</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaaTe kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> express s.t. by o's face; grimace; squint; scowl<br> j <br> <font size=+1>paadi kuuTTattule veTiyee pooreeNNu avar enakku jaaTe kaaTTunaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He made a face at me in the middle of the meeting, indicating that he was leaving</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make a habit of s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> habituate; make s.o. used to s.t.; get o.s. used to s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyile eendiriccadum oru are maNi neeramaaccum naTakkarade pazakkamaakki koLradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It would be good to make a habit of walking at least a half an hour a day upon arising as soon as one gets up in the morning.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make a hash of (it)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make a mess of; disorder; muddle<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I entrusted him with the organization of the meeting, but he made a complete hash of it</font><br> 1) (koLaru-baTi paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make a name for o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(periya aaLaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become a famous person; rack up an impressive record; make o.s out to be s.t. one is not; pad o's resume; advance o's career<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda cinna vayasuleeyee enda moyarciyum seyyaame nii periya aaLaahalaam-Nu paakkriyee</font><br> <font size=+1>You look like you're trying to make a name for yourself at this young age without exerting yourself at all</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make a pass at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oorangaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> attempt to attract s.o. esp. of the opposite sex<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nii anda poNNe oorangaTTa paakkree. sariyaa ode vaangikka pooree</font><br> <font size=+1>You're trying to make a pass at that girl, (but) you're going to get a kick in the pants for it</font><br> 1) (taLLikkiTTu poo) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make a play for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koodaavle erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be in a competition for s.t.; attempt to get s.t.; jockey for position; compete for s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>talevar padavikki ellaarum koodaavule erangunaa yaardaan teendeTukkradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who will choose the leader if everyone is making a play to be leader?</font><br> 1) ~( d )~ (kaLattule eRangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make a run at/for s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moyarccisenju paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> give a trial, attempt, give s.t. a go, make or take a stab at s.t., go for (it)<br> . <br> <font size=+1>padavi uyarvukku idu sariyaana neeram. adanaale niinga ippa moyarccisenji paakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>I think this is an appropriate time for you to make a run for promotion to the next higher job grade, so go for it!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(torattkkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> run after s.t. or s.o.; chase after s.o., pursue so.o<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan veehamaa ooTuneen aanaa naay enne viTaamat torattikkiTTu vandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I ran fast, but the dog made after me stubbornly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make amends</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> make up for s,t.; compensate, repay; make restitution<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu kashTam paTTum modale iiTuseyyamuTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>Even though I struggled hard I was not able to make amends</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make an attempt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> try, have a go at s.t., estimate the feasibility of s.t.; take a stab at s.t.; give s.t. a try<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan denamum anda kooyilukku pooyiTTu vara paakkraan, aanaa muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He makes an attempt to go to the temple daily, but he doesn't always succeed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make an effort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moyarci seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make an attempt; give s.t. a try; give it a go; try hard; put o's nose to the grindstone; use some elbow grease<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii idukkaaha romba moyarcci eTuttukiTTaa oru veeLe idu naTakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If you really make a decent effort to get this done, it may just be possible to make it happen</font><br> 1) (moyarcci seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make as if</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ettani)</font> 6b tr <br> act as if o. is about to do s.t.; start to or be about to do s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan viiTTukkup pooha ettaniccaan, aanaa naan avane viiTTukku pooha viTalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He made as if to go home, but I didn't let him go</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make away/off with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruTikkiTTu ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> steal and carry away s.t.; escape with; abscond with<br> , .<br> <font size=+1>naanga naalu peeru tiruTane torattikkiTTu ooTinoom. aanaa avan paNatte tiruTikkiTTu ooTiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Four of us gave chase, but the thief made away with the money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make busy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veele kuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> keep a person or thing engaged in or busy with some piece of (usually useless) work<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enkiTTe een ivvaLavu veele kuTukkare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you making me do all this busy work?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make clear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNattu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause some thought; cause to realize; clarify s.t. for s.o.<br> <font size=+1>When he was kicked out of that school, it made it clear to me why such schools are so "successful"--they get rid of all the problem kids!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make do</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppeettu)</font> 3 intr <br> manage to do s.t.; survive s.o. through difficult circumstances<br> . <br> <font size=+1>koTumeyaana maamiyaarkiTTe ivvaLavu naaLaa naan oppeettureenee. adukku niinga enne paaraaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>All this time I've managed to make do with a merciless mother-in-law. You should appreciate me for that.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make eyes at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> convey a message through o's eyes; flirt with s.o.; wink or blink the eyes flirtatiously; bat o's eyelashes at s.o.<br> . .<br> <font size=+1>ellaa poNNeyum paattu kaNNaTiccikkiTTeeyirukkaan. eNNekki ivan nalla ode vaanga pooraanoo teriyale.</font><br> <font size=+1>He spends all his time making eyes at girls. One of these days he's going to pay for it somehow.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make fun of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeLanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> mock; jeer at; ridicule, deride, humiliate<br> <br> <font size=+1>uunamuLLavangaLe paattu eeLanam seyyaradu paavam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is a sin to make fun of handicapped people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make improvements</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siirppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> amend, revise, improve; renovate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe viiTTu tooTTatte siirpaTuttuneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've made some improvements in our garden</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make like</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paavane paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> behave as if s.o. were s.o. else; pretend; feign, sham, dissemble<br> . <br> <font size=+1>oNNum teriyaada appaavi maadiri baavane paNNu. onne pooliis vuTTuTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Make like an innocent who knows nothing. The police will let you off the hook.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make misprints</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa acciTu)</font> 4 intr <br> print s.t. full of mistakes; misprint; make typographical errors<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda uurule oru accaappiis kuuTa nallaayille. ellaam oree tappaa accaTikraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>There is not a single printer in this town that does good work. Everything they do is full of misprints.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make o.s. at home</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(sahajamaayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> feel free and mix with others freely; feel at home<br> j <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTe tavira veere enda viiTTukku poonaalum ennaale sahajamaa irukkavee muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't make myself at home any other place than in my own home</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make o.s. known to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arimuhappaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> introduce o.s. to s.o. else; make o.s. acquainted with; make the acquaintance of<br> ; ?<br> <font size=+1>enakkum avaLe teriyaadu; adanaale niiyee een onne avakiTTe arimuhappaTuttikka kuuTaadu?</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know her either; why don't you just make yourself known?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( d )~</B> <font size=+1>(parantu poo @(idiom)@)</font> 2 intr <br> leave in a hurry, move fast; take off<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan avare paattu oru vishayam keekkalaam-Nu pooneen. aanaa avar avasaramaa parandu pooyiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>I went to talk to him about something, but he made off in a big hurry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make off (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruTTikkiTTupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> steal away (with); run or carry away with<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTanga raattirile vangile puhundu laccak kaNakkaana ruubaaye suruTTikkiTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Robbers broke into the bank at night and made off with millions of rupees.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaar seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> lay out or prepare detailed information about s.t.; provide<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>endenda uurule paLLikkuuTam illeeNNu ungaLaale oru vivaram tayaar seyya muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you make out a detailed account of which towns don't have a school?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ingerunda pazeya viiTTe oru periya ooTlu maattiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The old house that was here has been made over into a big hotel</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> change possession of s.t.; leave as an inheritance or trust; provide in a will or testament; transfer ownership of<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozendeyee illaada paNakkaarar tannooTe sotteyellaam koovilukku ezudivacciTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>A wealthy childless man made over his entire wealth to the temple</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make room for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> provide space for s.o. or s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda cinna ruumle ellaarukkum eppaTi eTam kuTukkradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can we make room for everyone in this small room?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make s.o. come</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause s.o. to accompany s.o. or o.s.; invite s.o. to come along with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>siita maane paakka tannooTa lakshmananeyum varasenjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sita made Lakshmanan also come along with her to see the deer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make s.o. want s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aasekoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> desire or wish for strongly; attract, intrigue, draw the attention<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda azahaana sirpam ade aTikkaTi paakka aase koLLa senjadu romba uNme</font><br> <font size=+1>The truth was that beautiful sculpture kept making me want to look at it again and again</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make s.t known</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> declare or announce, as a piece of information, a fact, etc.; pass on, as news, a message, etc.; let s.o. know s.t.; let s.o. in on s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ide avanukku teriyappaTuttaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't make it known to him! (Don't let him know!)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kade kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> invent s.t. in place of s.t. else; do s.t. in order to fill up s.t.<br> ... ?<br> <font size=+1>tiruTadeyum tiruTiTTu tanakku eduvumee teriyaaduNNu nallaa kade kaTTuraanee... paattiingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Did you ever see such a thing? He made off with all the goods and then makes up a story that he doesn't know anything at all</font><br> 1) (kayaRu vuTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (kayaRu tiri) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> become friends after a quarrel; reconcile; settle differences<br> <br> <font size=+1>unga reNTu peerukkum aTikkaTi aTiccikradum konja naaLLe kuuTikradudaan veele</font><br> <font size=+1>The two of you are quite used to fighting with each other but after a few days you make up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(azahu paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> use perfumes and powders on o's face in order to make it more beautiful<br> <br> <font size=+1>mohatte azahu paNNikkradudaan ivaLukku periya veele</font><br> <font size=+1>The most important thing on earth for her is to be constantly making up her face</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make up to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> repay s.o. in return for a debt<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinga enakku evvaLavu odavi senjrukkiinga. adukkellaam naan eppaTi iiTu seyya pooreenoo teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>You have helped me so much. I don't know how I am ever going to make it up to you.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnaale poo)</font> 3 intr <br> be a sycophant to s.o. in order to get some benefit; suck up to s.o.; pander to or fawn over s.o. in order to get s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>neettu varaikkum yaarumee tirumbikkuuTe paakkale. ippa avar amaiccaraanatum ettane peeru avar pinnaale pooraanga paarunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Until yesterday nobody cared about him at all. Now that he's become minister, look how many people are making up to him</font><br> 1) (kaakka puTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>make way for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi seyyi @(nbr )@)</font> 1 tr <br> pave the way or make way for; create a path for; give way to s.o.; defer to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman vayasaana kezavarukku rayilvaNTiyle vazi senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman made way for the old man in the train.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>malign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazi sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> utter s.t. wrongly, say evil of; slander, libel, defame, smear, run a smear campaign against, blacken s.o.'s name/character, calumniate, vilify, speak ill of, spread lies about, accuse falsely, cas<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamiyaar tannooTe marumaha ade seyraa ide seyraaNNu marumaha meele pazi sollikkiTTeeyirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The woman's mother-in-law is always maligning her, accusing her of doing this and that.</font><br> 1) (avaduuRu sollu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>malinger</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(savakkaLeyaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> pretend to be sick in order to avoid work, military service, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele seyya viruppamillee-NNaa avanukku moham oree savakkaLeyaayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>When he doesn't feel like work, he starts to malinger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>malt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maavaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make powder of (grain s.t., usually barley, which is soaked and make into flour)<br> <br> <font size=+1>baarliye uuravacci maavaakki biir tayaarikka payanpaTutturaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Barley is malted and used for making beer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>man</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaL amattu)</font> 3 tr <br> provide with staff or manpower; add staffs; fill out or beef up with (extra) personnel<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaiccarooTe paadukaappukkaaha nuuttukkaNakkaaha aaL ama(r)ttiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Hundreds of people have been brought in to man the security forces for the minister's safety</font><br> 1) (aaLpooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>manacle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velangu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> put cuffs, restraints, or chains on s.o.'s hand(s)<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis kaaranga pooraaTTam senja ellaareyum velangu pooTTu azaccikkiTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police manacled all the agitators and took them away</font><br> 1) (velangku pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>manage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> rule; run; direct; carry on<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii inda viiTTe een ippuTi taarumaaraa naTattare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you managing this house in such a disorganized way?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> get by in difficult circumstances; work things out; do what needs to be done; make do somehow<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTTikkiTTaa eppaTiyaavadu samaaLi</font><br> <font size=+1>If you get caught, manage somehow (to escape)</font><br> 1) (oppeettu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> supervise; handle; control or regulate the course of; look out for; take care of<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTuveelehaLe saantaadaan paattukkaraa</font><br> <font size=+1>Shanta is managing the household work</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> tackle some tasks; be in charge ofl run; adminster; organize; regulate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naalu kozandeye vaccikkiTTu niinga kuTumbatte eppaTi samaaLikkriinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>How do you manage to run your family with four children?</font><br> 1) (oppeettu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nirvaaham seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> administer, direct, execute<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudusaa veeleyle seenda iyakkunar romba nallaa nirvaaham seyraaru appaTiNNu ellaarum solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>everybody says that the new director manages the administrative work splendidly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> take care of, run; operate; run a business or an institution<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kaalattule enga taattaa inda naharattule oru periya ooTTale naTattunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>At one time, my grandfather managed a big hotel in this city</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> behave, conduct o.s., control things<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa kaTe eppaTiyoo ippa ooraLavukku nallaa naTakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Lately, I am having better luck managing my business well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mandate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaayamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> put under a mandate; give an order to make s.t. to be done necessarily<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangam padinanji vayasu varekkum ellaarum paLLikkuuTam poohaNumNu kaTTaayamaakkiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has mandated that everyone should go to school until the age of fifteen</font><br> 1) (kaTTaayappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>maneuver</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neekkaa koNTupoo)</font> 3 tr <br> do s.t. in a clever manner; use clever tricks or knacks to manage to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezaTi kaTTile aaraTi vaasalle neekkaa koNTupooha teriyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You'll have to figure out how to maneuver a seven foot cot frame through a six foot doorway</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urukkule)</font> 2b intr <br> become out of shape, torn into pieces<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayille aTipaTTu oru kezavanooTe oTambu urukkolenjirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>An old man's body was mangled in the train crash</font><br> 1) (sede) 2b intr<br> 2) (sinnaapinnamaahu) 3 intr<br> 3) (nanji poo) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(salave uruLe pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> put through a mangle [a machine with rollers which squeezed water from wet clothes]<br> <br> <font size=+1>munneyellaam tuNiye salave uruLe pooTTu salava senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In olden days, clothes were mangled to squeeze out the extra water.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>manicure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiveral nahangaLe oppane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> trim and polish fingernails<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In that area there lots of nail shops where Vietnamese or Filipina women manicure people's nails</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>manifest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> appear; be revealed; attest, certify, manifest, demonstrate, evidence (provide evidence for); stand as proof of; show by o's behavior, attitude, or external attributes<br> <font size=+1>The ghost manifests itself every year on the same day</font><br> 1) (teLivaavu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>manipulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTipooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> get or seek by begging; cajole or trick a person into doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe idu seyyarradaa aTipooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He manipulated her into doing this.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTakki pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> use s.o. for o's own purpose<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTe periya adihaariyeyellaam maTakki pooTTu kaariyam saadikkradule periya aaLu ivar</font><br> <font size=+1>This guy is great at getting his work done by manipulating his supervisers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyaaLu)</font> 1 tr <br> handle s.t. or s.o.; treat, or use, esp. skillfully; wield, ply, work, operate, use, employ, utilize, exercise<br> <br> <font size=+1>periya periya eendiratteyellaam kaiyaaLa tani terame veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>One needs to have special skills to manipulate giant machines</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tilllu mullu seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> alter improperly; tke liberties with things; monkey around, meddle, fiddle, fool around, play around; doctor, alter, change, adjust, tinker, damage, deface, vandalize; (inf.) mess about/around<br> <br> <font size=+1>rangan tillu mullu senjee periyaaLaayiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Rangan manipulated things and did things behind peoples' backs and eventually got to be a Big Cheese(?)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mantle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTi mare @(rb intr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> cover s.t. with a glass-like cloth, paper or ice<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba pani penju seTiyeyellaam muuTi mareccirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Heavy snow had mantled all the plants</font><br> 1) (leesaana tuNiyaale muuTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>manufacture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kade kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> invent a story or reason; make up (a story, etc.), fabricate (an identity, work history, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>taan uurileeyee periya aaLuNNu kade kaTTradule mannan ivaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He is a great one for manufacturing big stories about himself</font><br> 1) (saraTu vuTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~(~ ~)~ </B> <font size=+1>((endirattaale) tayaari)</font> 6b tr <br> produce or make s.t. using machines esp. in large quantities<br> <br> <font size=+1>poodumaana endiram illaadadunaale indiyaavaale raham rahamaa tuNi tayaarikka muTiyaame irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>India used to be unable to manufacture certain varieties of clothes due to lack of adequate machinery</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>manure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eru pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> put or spread manure (esp. wastes from animals and decayed plants) on growing plants; fertilize<br> <br> <font size=+1>seTikkellaam romba eru pooTTaa taan nallaa vaLarum</font><br> <font size=+1>Plants grow well only when they are manured</font><br> 1) (oram pooTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (saaNi oram pooTu) 4 intr<br> 3) (eru pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>map</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varepaTam ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> represent a pattern of the surface of earth, moon etc. on paper or other surfaces<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurooTa sikkalaana teruveyellaam paTam pooTradu kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is difficult to map the complicated streets of this town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>map out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> organize or plan ahead for an event; plan out; lay out a detailed plan<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??amaiccar vandamunnaale, nallaa tiTTampooTTu kaTTiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>??The procession was mapped out very well before the minister arrived.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azahe keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> spoil the beauty of; vandalize, disfigure, spoil, ruin, sully, damage, blight, impair<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasu ava azahe keTuttuTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Age has marred her beauty</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> spoil, ruin; detract from; disrupt<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda sakkare aalaiyooTe periya sattam inda graamattooTe amediyeyee keTuttuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The noise that this sugar cane factory makes marred the peacefulness of this village</font><br> 1) (azi) 6b tr<br> 2) (paazaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>maraud</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzndukoo)</font> 1 tr <br> go around a town etc. in search of loot; cause chaos, damage or destroy property; disturb the peace<br> ?? .... <br> <font size=+1>??raattriyle .... cuuzndukkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>At night marauding bands of crooks attack people and steal things.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>marble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azahuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dip in a special ink or paint bath to provide the appearance of marble, e.g. books, paper, or furniture.<br> <br> <font size=+1>puttahattooTe ooratteyellaam veTTi azahuuTTnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The edges of this book have been marbled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>marcel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(talemuTiye suruTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> process o's hair for stylish reasons; apply hair preparations that straighten and slick the hair<br> <br> <font size=+1>azahaa irukkaNum-Nu talemuTiye suruTTikkiraa inda poNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>This girl marcels her hair in order to be stylish</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>marinate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uural pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> soak meat, pickles etc., in marinade (acidic sauce) for a good flavor, or to preserve<br> <br> <font size=+1>maangaa uuruhaaye evvaLavu naaLu uural pooTroomoo avvaLavukk-avvaLavu nallaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The taste of mango pickles depends upon how many days one marinates them.</font><br> 1) (teeRaluppu pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mark</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muttire kuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> characterize, distinguish s.o. as having specific character; brand, stigmatize<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru taTave tiruTnaalum tiruTan-Nu muttire kuttiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Even a person steals only once, he will be marked as a thief for ever</font><br> 1) (muttireyiTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTu vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> be scarred or have scars esp. due to disease, heat, or wounds<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku amme pooTTu mohamellaam vaTu vizundurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His face is pockmarked all over from smallpox.</font><br> 1) (vaTuvaahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuripooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> identify s.t. with special symbol for future reference; specify, distinguish<br> <br> <font size=+1>arisi muuTTeyeyellaam andanda vahekki tahundapaTi veere veere nerattule kuri pooTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The rice bags are marked in different colors in order to identify different varieties of rice</font><br> 1) (kuRi pooTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (aTayaaLam pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(azutta kuriyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> mark with an accent, as a vowel, etc.<br> <font size=+1>You have to mark certain French vowels with accents, or you won't know how to pronounce them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri)</font> 4 tr <br> put some symbol for a quick reference in future<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahattule mukkiyamaana eTattuleyellaam yaaroo kuripooTTu vaccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone has marked specific important points in this book</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mark down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuriccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> record s.t.; write down<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTeyile enn-enna vaangaNum-Nu modalleeyee kuriccikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have already marked down all the items that I need to buy in the store</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paarttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a mental note of, notice<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda eTatte nallaa paattukkoo. tirumbi varrappa inda eTattuledaan tirumbaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Mark this place well (in your memory). We need to make a turn right here when we return</font><br> 1) (kavaniccikkoo) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vele kore)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce the price, esp. temporarily; cut prices<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTeyile eppavum enda poruLukkum vele korekkavee maaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They never mark down the prices of any of the items in this shop, ever.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mark off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vareyaru)</font> 6 tr <br> separate s.t. by a reference point<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam kaTTradukku kaTesi teediyellaam munnaaleeyee muTivupaNNiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The last day to pay money has already been marked off.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mark up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kare paTi)</font> 2b intr <br> be covered with s.t., usu. dirt marks<br> <br> <font size=+1>seruppu kaalooTa naTandu naTandu tareyellaam karepaTinjiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The floor is all marked up with shoe stains</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veleyeettu)</font> 3 intr <br> raise the price of s.t.; inflate or augment s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya vari pooTTuTTudunaale sihareTTukku veleyeettiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Cigarette prices have been marked up because of new taxes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>market</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(villu)</font> 5b tr <br> sell, offer s.t. for sale; engage in the commercial promotion, sale, or distribution of<br> <br> <font size=+1>kashTappaTTu ozecci paNra nelle naanga eppavum nalla velekki vikkavee muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Even though we work hard to produce this rice, we never manage to market it advantageously</font><br> 1) (sande paNNu) 2b tr<br> 2) (virpane paNNu) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>maroon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNkaaNaama aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> abandon, ditch, strand, or leave s.o. or s.t. in a place without any chance to escape; leave s.o. in the lurch; leave s.o. high and dry<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ippaTi kurumbu paNNikkiTTeeyirundaa onne periya kaaTTukku koNTu pooyi kaNkaaNaama aTicciTuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you continue to make such mischief, I will take you to a deep forest and maroon you there. there</font><br> 1) (ambooNNu vuTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (tolecciTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>marooned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeppaarattu keTa)</font> 2 intr <br> be stuck, stranded, or abandoned in a place with no outside contacts; be left in the lurch; be left high and dry<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda viiTTule naan maTTum taniyaa naalu naaLaa keeppaarattu keTakreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have been marooned in this house for the past four days without anyone to look after me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>marry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNooTu oNaa eze)</font> 2b intr <br> enter into a close union; be thick as thieves; be cheek by jowl<br> . <br> <font size=+1>neettu varekkum eliyum puuneyumaa irundaanga. iNNekki ippaTi oNNooTe oNNaa ezeyiraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Until yesterday those two were deepest enemies [like a rat and a cat]. But today they seem as close as an old married couple.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumaNam senjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> wed a person of opposite sex as a life partner<br> <br> <font size=+1>periya paNakaara paiyanaana ivan oru eeze poNNe kalyaaNam paNNikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>This rich boy married a poor girl</font><br> 1) (kalyaaNam cenjcikko) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakka paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be a golddigger; marry for money, rather than love, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNattukku aase paTTu inda azahaana poNNu oru vayasaana aaLukku vaakkappaTTirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>This beautiful girl married an older man only for the money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>marry off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> arrange for the marriage of daughter(s)<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku irukkra aaru poNNeyum eppaTittaan kaTTikkuTukka pooreenoo teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know how on earth I will ever manage to marry off all my six daughters</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaal kaTTu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> arrange for the marriage of o's son (idiom.); get o's son tethered in marriage<br> . <br> <font size=+1>en mahan romba uur suttraan. avanukku siikkram oru kaalkaTTu pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>My son is roaming around out of control. I need to marry him off and settled down as soon as possible.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>marshal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(variceppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> form, organize or arrange in order; form or organize a group of people; line up, put in order<br> <br> <font size=+1>ameccar peesurappa karuttukkaLe azahaa varisepaTutti peesuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister speaks fluently, marshalling all his ideas beautifully as he goes along</font><br> 1) (aTukku) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vazinaTatti poo?)</font> 3c tr <br> lead s.o. or a group of people to a specific place<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The headmaster marshalled all the students and got them to the meeting place</font><br> 1) (onnu kuuTTip poo) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>martyr</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyirttiyaakam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put s.o. to death for a belief or faith<br> <br> <font size=+1>sudandira pooraaTTattule kaangras kaTci nereya toNTarhaLe uyirttiyaaham senjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Many followers of Congress party were martyred during the independence struggle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>marvel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaccariyappaTTu poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 2b intr <br> wonder, feel great surprise<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu nalla puttaham ezuduna avarooTe teremeye nenecci naanga romba aaccariyappaTTu poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We marvelled at his skill in writing such a wonderful book</font><br> 1) (aaccariyamaTenjci poo) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(adisayappaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> feel awe or admiration, wonder at, be amazed or astounded by<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jappaanle rayilooTa veehatte paattu adisayappaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I marveled at the speed of the trains in Japan.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuraveccu miruduvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> soak and soften; soften s.t. by soaking<br> <br> <font size=+1>doosekki arisi maavu seyradukku munnaale arisiye uuravacci miruduvaakkuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Raw rice is being [soaked and] mashed to make flour to cook Dosa</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(masi)</font> 6b tr <br> squash or puree (boiled potatoes, vegetables such as tomatoes); reduce s.t. esp. of solid material to a soft pulpy state<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava avicca uruLekkezange masiccikkiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was mashing the (cooked) potatoes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mashed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(masi)</font> 2b intr <br> be squashed or crushed<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaygaringa masinjadukkappuram saappuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Eat the vegetables after they are mashed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mask</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( d )~</B> <font size=+1>(mohamuuTi pooTTu mare @(idiom)@)</font> 6b tr <br> cover face with s.t.; hide o's feelings; put on a good face<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ennadaan siricci siricci peesinaalum unnooTe manasule irukkra kavaleye mohamuuTi pooTTu marekka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how you speak with a smile on your face, you can't mask the sadness that's in your heart</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> gather, assemble in a large number<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiri varuvaar varuvaarNu ellaarum teruvoorattule kuuTTam pooTTu kaattirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone massed around the side of the street waiting very patiently for the minister</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>massacre</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNNu kuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> kill many people at the same time; kill in large numbers<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLekkaaranga sodandra pooraaTTattule romba peere koNNu kuviccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The colonial powers massacred many people during the independence struggles</font><br> 1) (paTukole paNNu) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~( d )~</B> <font size=+1>(kuzitooNTi pode @(idiom)@)</font> 6b tr <br> defeat severely; decimate, obligerate, wipe out<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirkaTci konjanguuTa tale kaaTTamuTiyaada paTi kuzitooNTi podecciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The opposition party has been massacred so badly that it will never have a chance to win again</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>massage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruviviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> press and rub the body to relax or activate the muscles<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kiize uzundu kaal suLukkikiTTu. konjam eNNeye uutti uruvivuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>My leg got hurt when I fell; please massage it with some oil</font><br> 1) (pesenjci vuTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (teeccivuTu) 4 tr<br> 3) (varuTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>master</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> take control of s.o. or s.t.; subdue, calm, establish control over<br> <br> <font size=+1>araNTu ooTa paatta kudireye kudirekkaaran oree nimishattule aTakkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In a matter of seconds the horseman mastered the horse that was about to run away in panic</font><br> 1) (aTakki aaLu) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teercciyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> become proficient in s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan oru varushamaa viiNe kattukkiTTu varreen. innum ennaale idule teercciyaTeya muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I've been learning the Vina for the past year, but still haven't mastered it yet.</font><br> 1) (meembaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>masticate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mellu)</font> 3 tr <br> chew, grind s.t. with the teeth<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>vaayile edeyaavadu pooTTu meNNukkiTTeeyirukkiyee. onakku vaay valikkaleyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>You have been masticating something in your mouth all this time. Doesn't it hurt?</font><br> 1) (adakku) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paay pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> provide with mats<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNatte paakka varravanga ukkaaradukkaaka paay pooTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The marriage hall floor was matted so as to let the visitors sit and watch the marriage</font><br> 1)j (jamukkaaLam pooTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (paay pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> knot together, esp. hair due to dirt or lack of grooming; get stuck together<br> <br> <font size=+1>taleyile eNNe taTavaame oree sikkaayiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Without oil, the hair has gotten all matted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>match</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNenjupoo)</font> r <br> go together; be harmonious, blend<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTu reNTum eNenji poovudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The two bulls are well matched</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be suitable or proper; be well-suited, be a good match<br> j <br> <font size=+1>poNNu maapLe jooTi poruttamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>the couple, bride and groom, are well-matched</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be equal to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNakke sollikkuTukkradule avarukku yaarum iiTu kuTukkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>No one can match him as a math teacher</font><br> 1) (samamaahu) 3 intr<br> 2) (pooTTi pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> be alike; go together well; be harmonious; fit well together in color, style, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungaLooTe saTTe neramum kaalcaTTe neramum porundale</font><br> <font size=+1>The color of your shirt and pants don't match properly</font><br> 1) (ottuppoo) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eNenju kuTu)</font> 2 intr <br> unite together; get along with s.o.<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>niinga reNTu peerum eppavum saNTe pooTTukkiTTeeyirukkiinga. oruttarukkoruttar eNenjikuTukkavee maaTTiingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>You both get into fights all the time. Won't you ever make a match?</font><br> 1) (manam esenjci poo) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> unite for sex, esp. animals<br> <br> <font size=+1>paraveyellaam perumbaalum sittire maasattule kuuTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Birds mate mostly during the months of Sittirai</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) j </B> <font size=+1>(jooTi seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> uniting of a male and female for mating, esp. with birds; pair off<br> j <br> <font size=+1>sela paravanga jooTi seeruradukku veeTandaangaLukku varum</font><br> <font size=+1>There are certain birds that come to Vedandangal just to mate</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mate(s), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTippazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be friendly; be well-matched; get along well<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paiyanga reNTu peerum saNTe pooTTukkaame nallaa kuuTippazahuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>These two boys are good mates for each other--they never get into fights</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>materialize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saattiyappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become real, happen, come to pass<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe taattaa naan oru periya vinjnjaaniyaa aahaNumNu neneccaar. aanaa adu avarooTe kaalattule saattiyappaTaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather wanted me to become a great scientist. But, [his desire] never materialized when he was alive</font><br> 1) (kaariyam kaikuuTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (saattiyamaavu) 3 intr<br> 3) (meyyaavu) 3 intr<br> 4) (paruppaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>matter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruTpaTuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> consider s.t. very important; make a big difference to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paricceyile failaanade pooyi ippaTi poruTpaTuttikkiTTirukkiyee</font><br> <font size=+1>Failing the test seems to have mattered a lot to you</font><br> 1) (poruTTaaha eTuttukko) 1 intr<br> 2) (mukkiyam koTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mature</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manappakkuvam aTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be advanced in age, thinking, wisdom, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTippu manushangaLe manappakkuvam aTeyavekkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>Education tends to make people more mature</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mudircci aTe)</font> 2b intr <br> show qualities of maturity, become mature<br> <br> <font size=+1>iruvadu varusha veeleyle ippadaan avaru konjam mudirciyaTenjirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Only after twenty years of service to his profession is he now showing some signs of maturity</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mudir)</font> 2 intr <br> become mature; become dry (as leaves on a tree); ripen<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tooTTattu teengaa ellaam romba mudindirucci</font><br> <font size=+1>The coconuts in that grove have all matured</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muttu)</font> 3 intr <br> become fully grown; become ripe<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamarattule irukkra maangaayellaam maargazi maasattule nallaa muttiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The mangoes will mature during the month of Margazhi</font><br> 1) (pazu) 6 intr<br> 2) (mudir) 2 intr<br> 3) (mudircciyaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>maul</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?? ( , , )</B> <font size=+1>(??kodaru (kaTiccu, kutti, aTiccu))</font> 3 tr <br> hurt s.o. by making wounds on o's body, such as by biting, clawing, or beating<br> <br> <font size=+1>naay enne kaTiccu kodariTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog bit and mauled me all over</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kole paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> distort the truth (idiom)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda peeparle kanna pinnaa-NNu seediye kole paNNiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>This newspaper has absolutely mauled the story, from beginning to end</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>maunder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peettu)</font> 3 intr <br> speak indistinctly, unclearly esp. without concentration; mumble, blather<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>eedoo neneppule inge vandu peettaade. keeTTa keeLvikki sariyaa badil sollu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't maunder about absent mindedly; answer my question properly!</font><br> 1) (penaattu) 3 intr<br> 2)~(~ ~)~ (oLaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>maximize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adihamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> increase s.t. to the maximum; max out<br> <br> <font size=+1>variye adihamaakkiTTaanga aanaa sambaLatte adihamaakkaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>The government maximized the tax but not the salaries</font><br> 1) (mihudiyaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>may</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> irreg <br> be possible; be feasible or doable<br> <br> <font size=+1>eduvum onakkuk kuuTumaa kuuTaadaa-ngradu senju paattaattaanee teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You will know whether something will work out for you or not, only if you give it a try</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~( d b) f + ~ </B> <font size=+1>(laam @(modal verb) inf +@ laam)</font> auxiliary verb denoting possibility, permission and capability<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nallaa veyil aTikkudu. naama veLiye poohalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>The sun is shining nicely. We may go outside</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mean</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karudu)</font> 3 tr <br> intend; have the intention of doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ungaLe paakkaNum-Nu karudi inge varale</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't mean to come here to see you</font><br> 1) (eNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(arttam kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> give a meaning to words<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>panuval-ngra tamiz vaarttekki nii enna arttam kuTuppe?</font><br> <font size=+1>What is meant by the word 'panuval' in Tamil?</font><br> 1) (poruLpaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>meander</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTi asenju poo)</font> 3 intr <br> go sluggishly without any urgency; move or wander along slowly, in a zig-zag or lackadaisical manner<br> . . <br> <font size=+1>naama pattu maNikki taan kooyilukku poohaNum. innum muuNu maNi neeram irukku. aaTi asenju poohalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We don't need to be at the temple until 10 o'clock. We still have three more hours, so we can just meander along</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move or progress in a winding course; twist and turn<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayal naTuvule aruvi vaLenji poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This stream meanders through the fields</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>measure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aLa)</font> 7 tr <br> assess; take a measurement of s.t.; figure an amount; find the size, length, degree, amount etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nera tuNiyile anju miiTTar tuNi kuTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>please measure out for me five meters of cloth in this color</font><br> 1) (aLavu eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( , ) </B> <font size=+1>(@(oyaram, niiLam)@ aa(ha) iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be of certain size - length, height etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne poolavee aaru aTi oyaramaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He measures six feet in height, just like me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>measure s.o. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make guesses or estimates about s.o. or s.t. before taking action<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veele onakku keTekkumaa keTekkaadaa-NNu nallaa madippu pooTTukkiTTu applikeeshan pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Measure yourself up as to your chance of getting this job before you submit the application</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>measure up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTe pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> judge, examine, estimate (idiom); figure s.o. or s.t. out<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>reNTu naaldaan veele senjirukkaan. adukkuLLe avan nalla aaLaa-NNu naan eppaTi eTe pooTamuTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>It's been just two days since he came to work for us. How can I measure him up in such a short time as to whether he's a good guy?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mechanize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eyandiramayam aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> substitute machines instead of man power<br> <br> <font size=+1>manushanga maTTumee veele senjukkiTTirunda inda karumbaaleye ippa muzusumaa eendiramayamaakkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The sugar cane industry, once totally dependent on human labor, has been completely mechanized</font><br> 1) (meshin mayamaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>meddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> interfere in other's affairs; stick o's nose into s.o. else's business<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavanga vishayattule taleyiTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't meddle in other people's affairs.</font><br> 1) ~( d - )~ (muukke noze) 6b intr<br> 2) (kuRukkiTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mediate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mattisam paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> interfere in a dispute to bring about a solution<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamiyaar marumaha saNTeyile maamanaardaan mattisam paNNuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>It's always the father-in-law who mediates the disputes between the mother-in-law and the daughter-in-law</font><br> 1) (mattisam seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>medicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marundu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> administer medicine to; treat with drugs or medications; stupefy<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vyaadi marundu kuTuttaalum sariyaahaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This disease cannot be cured even if we medicate</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(marundiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> combine s.t. with medical substances; add medication to s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda ~face powder~ le marundu pooTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>This face powder is medicated</font><br> 1) (marundu kala) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>meditate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(dyaani)</font> 6b intr <br> bring o's mind to a steady state; think about things quietly<br> <br> <font size=+1>denamum kaaleyleyum saayangaalamum kaTavuLe nenecci dyaanippeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I meditate daily, praying to god both in the morning and evening</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>meet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> get or come together, assemble, gather<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizaha saTTa sabe aTutta maasam aaraandeeti kuuTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>the Tamilnadu Assembly meets on the 6th of next month</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> come or get together, be reconciled, assemble, gather<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizaha saTTa sabe aTutta maasam kuuTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Tamilnadu Assembly meets to deliberate next month</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sandi)</font> 6b tr <br> come together (of persons); gather, assemble, congregate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naaLekki kaaleyile pattu maNikki marubaTiyum kooyille sandippoomaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we meet again at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning at the temple?</font><br> 1) (paaru) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nivartti seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> fulfil; satisfy some needs or requirements<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu paalam inda uurooTe vehu naaL teeveye nivartti senjiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The new bridge met the long-felt need of this town</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(arimohamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be or become acquainted with; be familiar to each other<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNattukku poonaa nereya peerooTe arimohamaahalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>When you go to a wedding you can meet many people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>meet with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kala)</font> 7 tr <br> have a formal discussion with s.o. esp. about business-related matters<br> <br> <font size=+1>tozilaaLinga oyar adihaaringaLooTe vaaram oru taTave kalandu peesaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The workers must meet with the higher officials once a week</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(edir paTu)</font> 4 tr <br> encounter s.t., esp. difficulties, experiences etc.; face up to<br> !<br> <font size=+1>arubadu vayasaana avar tannooTe vaazkkeyile evvaLavu kashTatte edirpaTTu vandiruppaar!</font><br> <font size=+1>This sixty year old man must have met with a lot of difficulties in his life!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>meld</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> merge together, as two substances; blend<br> <br> <font size=+1>pittaLeyum iiyamum inda paattirattule nalla oNNupaTTuppooyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Brass and tin have melded together well in this vessel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mellow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kani)</font> 6b intr <br> mature; become ripe, ready, soft<br> <br> <font size=+1>maampazamellaam nallaa kaninjiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mangoes have mellowed nicely</font><br> 1) (menmaiyaahu) 2 intr<br> 2) (pakkuvamaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> become soft, smooth and pliable, esp. due to overheating<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyille eleyellaam vaaTiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the leaves have mellowed in this hot sunshine</font><br> 1) (vadangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>melt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruHu)</font> 3 intr <br> change from solid to liquid state<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattirattule irunda ellaa veNNeyum nallaa uruhiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The butter in this vessel has all melted</font><br> 1) (kare) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>melt away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalenjiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> disperse; go away; fade, be dismissed or terminated<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTam oruvaziyaa kalenjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The crowd finally just melted away</font><br> 1) (piri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kare)</font> 2b intr <br> disappear figuratively; be reduced to nothing<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi daam-duumNu selavu senjaa ungaLooTe paNamellaam siikkram karenji pooyiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you spend lavishily, all your money will melt away like a snowball in hell</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>memorialize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevu sinnam ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> erect monuments in memory of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahaatmaa gaandikki naaTu muzusum nenevu sinnam ezuppiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Mahatma Gandhi has been memorialized in all parts of the country</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>memorize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manappaaTam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> recite s.t. repeatedly to remember permanently; learn 'by heart'<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa maaNavangaLum tenamum oru paaTTu manappaaTam seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>All the students must memorize a song everyday</font><br> 1) (uruppooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) ~(f g , f )~ (kaTam aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manappaaTam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> recite s.t. repeatedly to remember permanently; commit to memory; learn 'by heart'<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda skuulle ellaa maaNavangaLum tenamum oru paaTTu manappaaTam seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>All the students must memorize a song everyday in this school.</font><br> 1) (uruppooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) ~(f g , f )~ (kaTam aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>menace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> threaten; scare; instill fear in<br> !<br> <font size=+1>cinna paiyane aTippeen odeppeenNNu bayamuruttaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't menace the little boy with physical threats (of beating and kicking)!</font><br> 1) ~(f )~3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(goNamaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> recover from illness or sick<br> <br> <font size=+1>naalu naalaa kaaccalle paTukkeyile paTuttirundavar konjam konjamaa goNamaTenjikkiTTu varaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The man who has been bedridden for the past four days with high fever is coming along, and mending gradually</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sarippaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> repair s.t. so as to get back to its original shape or condition<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naakkaaliyile kaal oTenjiTTu. taccankiTTe solli saripaNNaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The legs of this chair are broken. We need to take it to a carpenter to mend it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>menstruate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maadaviTaa aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of women) emphemism for having the monthly cycle<br> <br> <font size=+1>aarookkiyamaana poNNukku maasattukku oru taTave maadaviTaa aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>Women who are in good health menstruate once a month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mention</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~x-~ </B> <font size=+1>(@x-@e patti sollu)</font> 3 tr <br> note in passing; say s.t. about s.t. or s.o.; put in a word for s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalameccare paakkrappa niinga konjam enneppatti sollunga</font><br> <font size=+1>When you see the chief minister, please mention my name</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTikkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> point out s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan taNNi pooTradeyee ellaaru suTTikkaaTraangaLee tavira ennooTe nalla goNatte yaarum solradaa teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone mentions my alcoholic habit, but no one mentions my good habits</font><br> 1) ~(f )~4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>merchandize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vyaabaaram paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> use special marketing strategies or tactics to sell o's own goods; market; flog<br> . <br> <font size=+1>aTutta viiTTukkaararooTe kaTe nashTattule ooTrudu. avarukku sariyaa vyaabaaram paNNa teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Our next door neighbor's business is going into the red--he's incapable of merchandizing his wares properly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>merge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> make alike, make a part of; remove or absolve differences (administratively); unite or bring together into one unit; bring under one management<br> <br> <font size=+1>nirvaahattukaaranga reNTu toreyeyum oNNu seettaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The administrators have merged the two departments.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> come together; unite; join at a particular point<br> <br> <font size=+1>konja duuram poonavuTane inda teru meyin rooTTooTu seenduTum</font><br> <font size=+1>After a little while this road will merge with the main road</font><br> 1) (eNe) 2b intr<br> 2) (kala) 2 intr<br> 3) (kuuTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>merit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be worthy, deserving, or capable of doing s.t.; deserve<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>neeru virudu vaangra aLavukku ivarukku tahudi irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Does he merit receiving the Nehru Award?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mesh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> fit each other perfectly, esp. as gears in wheels<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe saikkille palsakkaram reNTum sariyaavee porundale</font><br> <font size=+1>The gears in my bicycle don't mesh well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(valepooTTu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strain things with a net, a mesh, or a sieve; catch (esp. fish) using a net<br> <br> <font size=+1>koLattule ellaa miineyum vale pooTTu puTicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All the fish in the pond have been meshed out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ottuppoo)</font> 3 intr <br> agree with; get along with; fit or be compatible with each other<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga solradum naan solradum eppavumee ottuppoohaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>What you say and what I say will never mesh with each other</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> fit together esp. as teeth in wheels, gears, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe saikkille palsakkaram sariyaavee porundale</font><br> <font size=+1>The teeth in my bicycle gears don't mesh well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mesmerize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> charm, coax, fascinate; hold spellbound<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNNaa tannooTa ezuttaale tamizahatteyee mayakkunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Annadurai was able to mesmerize all of Tamilnadu by his writings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> enchant, fascinate; bewitch; delight exceedingly<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasiyalvaadinga peesiyee ellaareyum mayakkuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>government representatives are able to mesmerize people just by talking</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> charm, win over, fascinate, allure<br> . . . <br> <font size=+1>ti.mu.ka. kacci anda kaalattule adanooTa ezuttaale janangaLe tan vasappaTutticci</font><br> <font size=+1>Back then, the DMK political party were able to mesmerize people with its writings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaTe)</font> 6b intr <br> make s.o. speechless or motionless; cause s.o. to be under o's spell<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda peeccaaLar tannooTe peecce keekkravangaLe vaayaTekka vacciTuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>This speaker is capable of totally mesmerizing his audience</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mess</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLarubaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> disrupt; cause disorder; make s.t. disordered or scattered; screw up, foul up<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda veelekkaaranukku enda veeleyum ozungaa seyyavee teriyaadu. ellaa veeleyeyum koLarubaTi paNNiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>This worker is incapable of doing any job properly. He always messes everything up</font><br> 1) ~ ( . f )~ (azukkaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mess (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLappiTu @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> mismanage; confound by mismanagement, etc.; botch (up)<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanaale ozungamediyaa irukkamuTiyaadu. ellaatteyum kozappiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He can't seen to get organized--he messes everything up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mess around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTippozudu pookku)</font> 3 intr <br> waste time; fool around; spend time uselessly without any specific purpose<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyileerundu enda veeleyum seyyaama summaa veTTi pozudu pookkikkiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have been messing around since morning without doing anything useful</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mess s.o. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> confuse, bewilder; cause confusion for s.o.; disrupt<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa veeleyeyum oree nimishattule solli enne kozappaadiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't mess me up by telling (me) all the jobs all at the same time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mess up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalecciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dishevel; ruffle up (hair); let (hair) down; make (clothing) untidy or disordered; disarrange<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna pasanga en muTiye kalecciTTu ooTiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some boys messed up my hair and then ran away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 6b tr <br> disarrange; disturb, disrupt or destroy the order or arrangement of<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan aTukki vecca saTTehaLe yaaroo kaleccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone has messed up the clothes I had arranged neatly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> deprave, debauch; pollute, taint, spoil, ruin<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappaana vishayangaLe solli avan manase keTukkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't mess up his mind by telling him about bad things</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(urukkole)</font> 6b tr <br> disorder s.t.; disrupt, confuse; damage<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaN poola paadukaattu vanda ennooTe kaare kalahakkaaranga aTicci norukki urukkolecciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The agitators messed up my new car, which I take as good care of as I do my own eyes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make dirty; make a mess of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe tambi eppoovum saTTeye azukkaakkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>My little brother is always making a mess of his shirt</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>messy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 2b intr <br> be disordered or disarranged; be in confusion; be disorganized<br> !<br> <font size=+1>viiTee ippaTi kalenju irukkee!</font><br> <font size=+1>The house is so messy!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>metabolize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jiiraNamaTe)</font> 6b intr <br> process physically in the body; take in nutrition and convert it to energy; undergo chemical reactions esp. in stomach<br> j . <br> <font size=+1>enakku saappaaTu jiiraNamaahaveeyille. oree mandamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My stomach isn't metabolizing the food well; I feel sluggish</font><br> 1) (seri) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>metamorphose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> change from one form to another; change o's appearance esp. in mythology, or in science fiction; `morph'<br> <br> <font size=+1>sivaperumaan panniyaa urumaari oru arakkane koNNaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Lord Siva metamorphosed into a pig and killed a demon</font><br> 2) (aTeyaaLam maaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mete out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aLandu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> measure s.t. out carefully or frugally; distribute or grant s.t. to s.o. cautiously; sprinkle<br> ~( b)~<br> <font size=+1>aattule pooTTaalum aLandu pooTaNum (proverb)</font><br> <font size=+1>(As the Tamil proverb says), even if you throw something away in a river, it should be meted out carefully</font><br> 1) (kaNakkup paattu koTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ? </B> <font size=+1>(?aLandu pooTu)</font> give out or distribute carefully; be frugal with the distribution and allocation of resources<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??anda kaalejukku nereye paNam illaadadanaale, skaaLarship aLandu pooTaveeNTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The college didn't have much money for scholarships, so they had to mete out what they did have very carefully.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>methinks</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(enakku tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> (arch.) I think; I have the impression (that s.t. will do s.t.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki maze varumNu enakku tooNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Methinks it will rain today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>methodical, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungupaNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> do systematically or with great care or order; have a method or principle for doing s.t.; be rational about<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaar yaarukku ennenna veele kuTukkaNumNu naama modalleeyee ozungupaNNikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to be methodical about who should be given which job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>miaow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miyaav miyaaven)</font> 5 intr <br> make the sound of a cat<br> <br> <font size=+1>puune uLLe varumNu miyaav miyaavNNeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was miaowing to get the cat to come inside</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>micromanage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muzu aadikkam paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> get involved in all details of s.t.; attempt to impose total control over a person or group; dominate the proceedings; do all the talking at a meeting, etc.; be unable to delegate responsibility<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaiccaraveyile ellaa vevahaarangaLukkum taandaan poruppuNNu modalamaiccar muzu aadikkam paNraar</font><br> <font size=+1>The Chief minister is micromanaging everything the ministers do as though he is in charge of everything in the assembly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>migrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam peyaru)</font> 2 intr <br> move from one place to another, staying only for a short period of time<br> <br> <font size=+1>koravanga aTikkaTi uurukku uur eTam peya(r)ndukiTTeeyiruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Indian Rom (Gypsies) constantly migrate from one place to another</font><br> 1) (eTam maaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mildew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puusaaNam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> develop a coat of mildew; be covered with mildew<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazeyile enga viiTTu sovarellaam puusaaNam puTicciTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The walls in our house are all mildewed because of the rain</font><br> 1) (puunjcaaNam puTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>militarize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(raaNuvatte kuvi)</font> 6b intr <br> post military forces in many locations; establish military order or law<br> j <br> <font size=+1>?enga uurule periya jaadikkalavaram varappoohuduNNu arasaangam raaNuvatte kumiccirukku (kuviccirukku?)</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has militarized our town, foreseeing a huge caste-related agitation</font><br> 1) (raanuva mayamaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>milk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( )</B> <font size=+1>(kara (paal))</font> 7 tr <br> extract, take, or squeeze milk from udder<br> . ~( b)~<br> <font size=+1>paaTra maaTTe paaTi karakkaNum. aaTra maaTTe aaTi karakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If a cow is singing, you must sing while milking; if it's dancing, you must dance while milking. ("Run with the foxes and hunt with the hounds.")</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kara)</font> 7 tr <br> extract information or money from s.o. esp. by cajoling, flattery, or other means<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda mandiri periya aaLu. ivarkiTTeerundu enda seediyeyum avvaLavu siikkiram karanduTamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This minister is a clever guy. You can't milk him for any information whatsoever</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>milk, give</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kara)</font> 7 intr <br> give milk (as of cow, goat etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTTukku pullu pooTTaattaan nallaa paal karakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Only those cows that get enough grass will give good milk</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are)</font> 6b tr <br> grind or crush s.t. esp., flour in a mill<br> <br> <font size=+1>palahaaram seyya koodumeye meshinle pooTTu nallaa arekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Maize (corn) needs to be machine-milled before you can make any snacks</font><br> 1) (maavare) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tahaTuveTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> use machines to press, stamp or cut into flat plates, esp. tin cans<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda meshin tahaTuveTTa payanpaTrudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This machine is used to mill plates</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viLimbu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make fine edges, esp. on coins<br> <br> <font size=+1>pittaLe kaassaa irundaalum nallaa viLimbu veTTiyirukkradaale paakka azahaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Even though it's only a brass coin, it looks quite beautiful with its nicely-milled edges</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mime</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaaTe kaaTTi peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> Express a message using gestures and actions esp. by hand and head movements<br> . . j <br> <font size=+1>avarukku kaadum keekkaadu. peesavum muTiyaadu. avarkiTTe jaaTe kaaTTidaan peesaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>He is deaf, so we need to mime (sign) everything for him</font><br> 1) ~(f g )~ (abinayam puTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mimic</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poola seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> imitate, mimic; reproduce an imitation of impression of s.o. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela maaNavanga poolacceyyradule keTTikaaranga</font><br> <font size=+1>some students are very good at mimicking others</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saayal puTi)</font> 6b tr <br> imitate verbal and behavioral features of another person<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avan anda naTihane appuTiyee saayal puTiccaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>He mimicked that actor exactly!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaaTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> imitate exactly; act or speak like s.o.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaar saanju saanju naTakkrade jaaTe senjikkiTTeeyirundadaale nallaa ode vaangunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was always mimicking his teacher's limping walk, so eventually he got his comeuppance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mince</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTupooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> Cut or grind (esp. meat, hamburger etc. ) into fine pieces; chop vegetables (garlic, etc.) into very fine bits<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNTu pooTTa kari inge korenja velekki keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Minced (ground) meat is available here at cheap prices</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLukku)</font> 3 intr <br> talk or walk in an effeminate or artificial manner, esp. in pretense<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii een poN puLLe maadiri taLukki taLukki naTakkre?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you mincing along like a girl?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ b~</B> <font size=+1>(gavanamaa @verb@)</font> pay special attention to what one is doing (walking, sitting, speaking etc.)<br> . <br> <font size=+1>teruvellaam oree taNNiyaa irukku. gavanamaa naTanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The street is wet. Mind where you walk.</font><br> 1)j ~ b~ (jaakkradeyaa ~verb~) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poruTpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> consider s.t. as an issue; be annoyed, vexed, insulted by s.t.<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>naan koobattule ungaLe tiTTiTTeen. ide poruTpaTuttikkaadiinga!</font><br> <font size=+1>I yelled at you in anger. Please don't mind it!</font><br> 1) (perusaa eTuttukkoo) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mind o's affairs</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleye paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> be concerned about o's own business; keep o's own house in order; keep o's nose clean;<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii onnooTe veeleye paattukkiTTirundaa enda praccaneyum varaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you mind your own business, there won't be any problem at all</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mindful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttle vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> consider s.t. carefully; give thought to s.t.;<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>niinga romba selavu senjikkiTTirukkiinga. ungaLukku naalu pombaLe kozandenga irukkaanga-ngrade manasule vaccikkoonga!</font><br> <font size=+1>You spend very lavishly. You should be mindful of the fact that you have four daughters!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sorangam tooNTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dig or work in a mine; extract metal etc. from ores, deposits, caves, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>bengaluurule koolaar tanga vayalle romba peeru sorangam tooNTi pozappu naTatturaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people in the Kolar gold fields of Bangalore mine gold for living</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> extract, take out s.t. from a mine<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga naaTTule romba irumbu tooNTiyeTukradaale enga naaTTule irumbukkee panjam keTeyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since a lot of iron is mined in our country, there is no scarcity of iron here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mingle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kala)</font> 7 intr <br> get mixed esp. in a crowd<br> <br> <font size=+1>meduvaa anda kuuTTattule pooy kalanduTTaa namme yaarum kaNTupuTikkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If we mingle gradually into that crowd, no one will find us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>minimize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make less; slow down; deemphasize, tone down, put the damper on; cramp the style<br> . <br> <font size=+1>tambi poora pookku sariyille. adanaale avanooTa veehatte maTTuppaTuttradudaan ippadikki nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>Younger brother's behavior is not good, So for now let's try to minimize his activities</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce or lessen s.t. to the minimum;<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga peesurade koreccikkiTTaa enda praccneyum varaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you would minimize your vocal activity, there wouldn't be any problem at all</font><br> 1) (konjcamaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>minister (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toNTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> help or do service esp. for the poor<br> <br> <font size=+1>annai terisaa tannooTe vaazkke muzusum eezengaLukkaaha toNTusenjaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Mother Teresa spent her entire life ministering to poor people</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(madaccaTangu seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 2b intr <br> perform the duties of a religious minister, pastor, or clergyman<br> <br> <font size=+1>tirumaNattukku munnaale poNNu maappiLeye aattangareyele madaccaTangu senji azeccikkiTTu poovaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The bride and groom will be ministered to at the river bank before the occasion of marriage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollaakkam seyyi)</font> 2b intr <br> neologize; make up, craft, create or invent new terminology, words or phrases<br> <br> <font size=+1>ariviyal toreyile romba solle sollaakkam seyyaveeNTiyadaayirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>In the field of science, lots of new words need to be minted all the time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naaNayamaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> make or stamp out coins; manufacture coins in a mint<br> ? ...?<br> <font size=+1>naan enna naanayamaTikkreenaa? niinga keekkra paNatte oTane kuTukradukku ...?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do I mint money or what? (Does money grow on trees?) Am I supposed to give you all the money you want (as soon as you want it?)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mired (become)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seeraakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. filled with mud and dirt; drag or immerse in mud, muck, or mire; (fig.) be stuck, drenched, immersed in, or ridden with scandal<br> <font size=+1>?? inda arasaangam iraakle paNra poore patti poy sonnadaale muzusum seeraakkikkiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This administration has gotten totally mired in scandal because of lying about the need for war in Iraq</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mirror</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pradipali)</font> 6b tr <br> reflect; show back<br> <font size=+1>This novel just mirrors the reality of life in the slums</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(@(kaNNaaTi maadiri)@ pradipali)</font> 6b tr <br> reflect images like a mirror<br> j <br> <font size=+1>taajmahaal sovaru uruvatte appaTiyee kaNNaaTi maadiri pradipalikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The walls in the Taj Mahal mirror images perfectly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misapply</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaraa payanpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put s.t. to wrong use; use wrongly or inappropriately; misinterpret and misuse<br> . <br> <font size=+1>tirame irundaa poodaadu. ade tappaa payanpaTuttaame irukkavum kattukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Attaining skills is not enough. One must know how to avoid misapplying them</font><br> 1) (tavaraa pradyoohappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misapprehend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaraa purinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> fail to understand s.t. or s.o. or understand inappropriately<br> !<br> <font size=+1>paLLikkuuTattukku paNam keekkrade naan lanjam vaangreenNu tappaa purinjikkiTTiinga!</font><br> <font size=+1>I was collecting money for the school, but you misapprehended (what I was doing) and thought I was taking bribes!</font><br> 1) (tappaa eTuttukkoo) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misappropriate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> use s.t. or s.o. in a wrong manner, especially public funds; divert funds from appropriate uses to inappropriate, esp. personal, uses<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaanga paNatte tannooTe sonda selavukkaaha eTuttu moosaTi senja kuttattukkaaha avare jeylle pooTTuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been jailed for misappropriating the government's money for his own personal use</font><br> 1) (kaiyaaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misbehave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTatte tavaru)</font> 4 intr <br> act incorrectly or contrary to prevailing morals; indulge in inappropriate behavior esp. of a sexual kind<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avarooTe manevi naTatte tavariTTaaNNu eppaTi avvaLavu urudiyaa solriinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can you be so sure that his wife has been misbehaving?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaraa naTandukoo @(sh intrO@)</font> 1 intr <br> behave inappropriately<br> <br> <font size=+1>saaraayam kuTicciTTu vandu avan teruvule pooravangakiTTellaam tappaa naTandukkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He drank liquor and now he's misbehaving with everyone on the street</font><br> 1) (tappaap pazahu) 3 intr<br> 2) ~( .)~3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>miscalculate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa kaNakku pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> judge s.o. or s.t. wrongly; misread s.o.; misinterpret s.t. (fig.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaareyum poola naanum lanjam vaanguveenNu enne tappaa kaNakku pooTTuTTiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>You thought I was someone who would take bribes like everyone else, but you miscalculated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa eNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> add or count wrongly<br> . <br> <font size=+1>idule nuuru puttaham irukku. tonnuuttanjiNNu tappaa eNNiyirukkiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>There are one hundred books here. You miscalculated and got only ninety-five</font><br> 1) (tappaak kaNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>miscarry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuccidenjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> have a miscarriage; be accidentally terminated, as a pregnancy<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tambi samsaaram kiize vizundadaale avaLukku karuccidanju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My younger brother's wife fell, and as a result she miscarried</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa poo)</font> 3 intr <br> go wrong, as a plan<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazeye pattiyee nenekkaama senja tiTTamellaam mazeynaale tappaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All our plans have miscarried, due to unexpected rain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karuccedevuru)</font> 4 intr <br> have a spontaneous abortion; give birth to a still-born fetus<br> <br> <font size=+1>muuNu maasattuleeyee avaLukku karuccedenjiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>She miscarried during the first three months of her pregnancy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misconstrue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa purinjukoo)</font> 4 tr <br> understand s.t. or s.o. wrongly, or in an unsuitable manner; misinterpret, misconceive, misunderstand, misapprehend, be amiss<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum ungaLe maadiriyee iruppaangaNNu niinga tappaa purinjikkiTTirukkiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>You have misconstrued the situation, thinking that everyone would be like you all the time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> understand s.t. wrongly; misinterpret s.t. said or done<br> . . <br> <font size=+1>naan sonnadu oNNu niinga solradu oNNu. naan sonnadeyee niinga tappaa eTuttukkriinga</font><br> <font size=+1>You misconstrued what I said, which was different from what you said.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>miscount</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa kuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> count or calculate wrongly or inaccurately; miscalculate<br> <br> <font size=+1>inge ettane peeru irukkaangaNNu enne viTTuTTu tappaa kuuTTiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I miscounted the number of people here, leaving myself out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>miscue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hit the ball (in cricket) wrongly<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivanukku sariyaa maTTeye puTikka teriyaama eppavum pande tappaa aTiccikkiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He always miscues the ball because he doesn't know how to handle the bat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misdate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teediye tappaa ezudu)</font> 3 intr <br> write a wrong date<br> . <br> <font size=+1>cekkule teediye tappaa pooTTuTTeen. enkiTTeyee tirumbi vanduTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>I misdated the check and it bounced</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misdeal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa siiTTuppooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> serve cards inapproriately or dishonestly in a card game<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda aaL tappaa siiTTu pooTradule periya aaLu</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a great one for misdealing the cards</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misdirect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaana vaziyle poohavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> mislead; direct s.t. in a wrong route; misinform s.o. about directions<br> . <br> <font size=+1>onakku vazi teriyumNaa sollu. eedaavatu vaziyec colli enne tappaana vaziyile poohavekkaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>If you know the route for sure, please tell me, but don't misdirect me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappu vazi nerippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> teach or advise s.o. esp. students in a wrong manner; send s.o. in the wrong direction; give inappropriate advice<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaNavangaLe tappu vazi nerippaTuttaama irukkradule vaattiyaar romba gavanamaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Teachers must be very careful to not misdirect students</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misfire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fire s.t. esp. a gun by mistake<br> !<br> <font size=+1>kuruviye suTureeNNu pakkattule irukkra aaLe tappaa suTTuTaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>When you are trying to shoot the bird, don't misfire the gun and accidentally shoot the guy next to you!</font><br> 1) ~( )~ (sariyaa veTikkaamaliru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misgovern</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaa aaTci puri)</font> 2b intr <br> rule a country or run a business badly; run s.t. into the ground<br> . <br> <font size=+1>arasiyaleppatti konjam kuuTa teriyaada ivar naaTTe moosamaa aaTcipuriyappooraarNu enakku munnaaleeyee teriyum.</font><br> <font size=+1>I knew in advance he would misgovern the country because he doesn't know anything about politics</font><br> 1) (moosamaa paattukkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mishandle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa kaiyaaLu)</font> 1 tr <br> handle or control s.t. badly; botch, bumble, fumble, botch up, muff, blow, flub, screw up, ball up, spoil, muck up, bungle, fluff, bollix, bollix up, bobble, louse up, foul up, mess up<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaNNaaTi paattiratte tappaa kaiyaaNTaa oTenji poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you mishandle this glass vessel, it will break</font><br> 1) (moraTTuttanamaak kaiyaaLu) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mishear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arekoreyaa keeLu)</font> 4 intr <br> hear or overhear s.t. partially, incompletely, or inaccurately<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar sonnade arekoreyaa keeTTukkiTTu vandu inge oLaraade</font><br> <font size=+1>You misheard what he said, so don't come to me trying to bluff your way out of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misinform</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> give misinformation; tell s.o. wrongly about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda peeppar eppavum seediyeyellaam tiricci makkaLukku tappaavee teriviccikkiTTirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This newspaper is always misinforming people with inaccurate news</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mislay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(engeeyoo vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put s.t. in a place and forget where; misplace, lose<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe peenaave engeeyoo vacciTTeen. are maNi neeramaa teeTreen innum keTekkaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>I mislaid my pen somewhere. I've been looking for it for the last half hour, but I still can't find it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaana eTattule vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> misplace; put s.t. in a place it does not belong in<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>kozande kaikki eTTra maadiri ippaTi pustahatte tappaana eTattule vaccirikkiingaLee</font><br> <font size=+1>?Just like you'd put something in a child's hand, you've mislaid the book in the wrong place.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mismatched, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttamillaame iru)</font> 7b intr <br> be unsuitable to one another; be a poor match; share no similarities<br> ? [ ?] <br> <font size=+1>aNNanum tambiyum endavida [endaviTa?] poruttamum illaame irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The older brother and his younger brother are mismatched; they don't have anything in common</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misname</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa peeriTu)</font> 4 tr <br> call s.o. or s.t. with a wrong name; mislabel<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba seeppaa irukkra ivanukku karumeeniNNu tappaa peeruvaccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He has a fair complexion, but he has been misnamed "karumeeni" [a dark-skinned person]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misplace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iza)</font> 7 tr <br> lose s.t. or s.o.; lose track of s.t.<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu periya kuuTTattule naan ennooTe paiye ezanduTTeenee. eppaTi teeTi kaNTupuTikka pooreen?</font><br> <font size=+1>I misplaced my bag somewhere in this huge crowd. How am I going to find it?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mispresent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( q )~</B> <font size=+1>(tavaraaka eTuttukkaaTTu @(see misquote)@)</font> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misprize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeLanam cey)</font> 2b tr <br> hold s.o. in contempt; misjudge the value of s.o.; `diss' s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii unnooTe vaattiyaare eppavum parihaasam paNNikkiTTeeyirukke</font><br> <font size=+1>You are `dissing' your teacher all the time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mispronounce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaaka uccari)</font> 6b tr <br> say words incorrectly<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazatte paLamNu romba peeru tappaa uccarikraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people mispronounce ~pa7am~ as ~pa9am~</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misquote</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaraa eTuttukkaaTTu kuTuttu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> quote incorrectly; make an incorrect statement about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paLLikkuuTattukku paNam vaangrade lanjam vaangravanNu enne patti tappaa eTuttukkaaTTu kuTuttu pooTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The newspaper has misquoted my request for school funding as if I had asked for bribes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misread</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa purinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> understand s.t. wrongly; misinterpret<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan ezudiyiruppadu veere. niinga tappaa purinjikkiTTiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>What I have written was completely different. You have misread it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa paTi)</font> 6b tr <br> read s.t. inaccurately<br> . <br> <font size=+1>onakku indi teriyumNu sonnee. ippaTi tappu tappaa paTikriyee</font><br> <font size=+1>You said you know Hindi, but what you read just now you misread</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>miss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ f + ~ </B> <font size=+1>(@infinitive +@ tavaru)</font> 3 tr <br> fail to do s.t.; lose out<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru pande puTikka tavariTTadaale avanga aaTTattile toottuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>By missing just one ball, they lost the game</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kai oTenja maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> feel sorry/sad about s.t. or s.o's absence (fig.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe appaa ammaave pirinji romba varushamaa naan inge irukkradu enakku kai oTenja maadiri irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I miss my parents a great deal since I've been away from them for many years now.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iza)</font> 7 tr <br> lack s.t.; feel or notice the loss of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>piccekkaaranukku pattu paisa pooTradunaale nii oNNum perisaa ezenduTamaaTTe</font><br> <font size=+1>Just give ten paise to the begger, you'll never miss it.</font><br> 1) (kaaNaame aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>miss the boat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooTTe viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fail to take advantage of s.t.; miss a chance; be out to lunch (fig.)<br> . <br> <font size=+1>poona maasam inda kaare vaangiyirundaa paadivelekki vaangiyirukkalaam. nii kooTTe viTTuTTee</font><br> <font size=+1>You missed the boat--if you had bought this car last month, you could have got it for half the price.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misspell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa ezuttukkuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> spell words wrongly<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nallaa paattu paTi. ellaa vaartteyeyum tappu tappaa ezuttukkuuTTi paTikkre</font><br> <font size=+1>Read it very carefully. You have misspelled all the words</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misspend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viiN selavu seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> spend money inappropriately; spend time wastefully<br> . , <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe mahankiTTe kaiyile kaasee tangaadu. irukkra kaaseyellaam saTTe, puttahamNu edeyaavadu vaangi viiNselavu senjiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My son never saves a penny; he misspends all his money on things like shirts, books etc.</font><br> 1) (veTTic celavu seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misspend time</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTippozudu pookku)</font> 3 intr <br> spend o's time inappropriately<br> . <br> <font size=+1>uruppaTiyaa oNNum seyradukkee onakku teriyaadu. eedaavadu veLeyaaTTu, sinimaaNNu pooyi veTTippozudu pookkure</font><br> <font size=+1>You don't know how to spend your time on worthwhile things. You have misspent all your time on games and movies</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misstate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa eTuttu sollu @(Nc tr)@)</font> 6b tr <br> state s.t. (esp. facts) inappropriately or inaccurately; flup s.t. up<br> . <br> <font size=+1>aayirakkaNakkaana makkaLukku munnaale peesappoore. edeyum tappaa eTuttuccollaade</font><br> <font size=+1>You are going to be addressing thousands of people. Don't misstate any facts in front of them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mistake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaraa purinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> understand s.t. wrongly; misinterpret, mishear<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga sonna velaasattule meelamaasiviidiye meelaaviidiNNu tappaa purinjikkiTTu meelaviidikki pooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>You said 'meelamaaciviidi' (West car street) but I mistook the name as meelaviidi (West street) and went to the latter.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaraa neneccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> identify s.o. or .s.t wrongly or erroneously<br> " " <br> <font size=+1>naan avare avarooTe tambiNNu neNeccikkiTTu "ennaTaa saukkiyamaaNNu" keeTTuuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I mistook him as his younger brother and greeted him in an informal manner [using the disrespect form 'Daa']</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mistake, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaru)</font> 3 intr <br> err; fail in duty; blunder<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan poy sonnadule tappu senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I made a mistake and told a lie</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mistreat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa naTatttu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat badly, or demand s.t. of s.o. illegally or immorally<br> <br> <font size=+1>anju maNikki meele veele seyyac colli modaLaaLi toziLaalingaLe tappaa naTattikkiTTirukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The owner mistreats all his workers, making them work after five o'clock (without pay)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mistrust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappaa sandeeka paTu)</font> 4 tr <br> have doubts about s.o. or think badly of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ongaLooTe perundanmeye purinjikkaame ungaLe tappaa sandeehappaTTuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I mistrusted you because I didn't understand the extent of your generosity</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paniyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be covered or obscured with clouds, mist, fog etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>edire edeyum paakkamuTiyale. oree paniyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't see anything in front of me. It is misty everywhere</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>misuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaraa prayooha paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> use s.t. inappropriately<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangattooTe sottukkaLe tappaa payanpaTuttunadunaale avarukku aaru maasam siraidaNTane</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he misused Government property, he was imprisoned for six months</font><br> 1) (moosamaak kaiyaaLu) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mitigate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> lessen s.t. as of pain; soften; subdue; make less severe, serious, or painful; make milder or less intense; alleviate, reduce, diminish, lessen, weaken, attenuate, allay, assuage, palliate, appease, s<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan saappiTTa marundu ennooTe talevaliye nallaak korecciTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The medicine I took mitigated the pain of my headache a lot</font><br> 1) (taNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> lessen the seriousness of wrong or harmful actions<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaaram peenja maze konjam varaTciye maTTuppaTuttiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>This week's rain mitigated the drought somewhat</font><br> 1) (taNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mix</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kala)</font> 7 tr <br> unite; stir; combine<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalle kaappi pooTTadukkappuram nallaa kalakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>After adding coffee to the milk, you should mix it well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koze)</font> 6b tr <br> stir substances together such as foods, medications etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda marunde teenle kozeccu denamum kuTiyunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Mix this medicine with honey and take it daily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kala)</font> 7 tr <br> combine or blend s.t. with s.t. esp. liquid or solid; adulterate<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalle paalkaaranga nereye taNNiye kalanduTraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk sellers mix too much water in the milk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakku)</font> 3 tr <br> stir; disturb, agitate<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu marundungaLeyum oNNaa kalakki kuTinga appaTiNNu vaittiyaru sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor told me to mix the two medicines and take them together</font><br> 1) (kare) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> be acquainted with s.o.; be friendly to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe mahan ellaarooTeyum seendu veLeyaaTamaaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My son doesn't mix or play with other kids easily</font><br> 1) (oTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kala)</font> 7 intr <br> mingle or blend into s.t. as a crowd; lose o.s. in a larger mass<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTattooTu kuuTTamaa tiruTangaLum kalanduTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The thieves mingled in with the crowd</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mix in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become involved in; stick o's nose into, intrude into; get mixed up in<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku veeNTaada vishayattule anaavasiyamaa taleyiTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't mix yourself in matters that don't concern you</font><br> 1) ~(f g )~ (muukke noze) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mix with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakku)</font> 3 tr <br> stir; disturb, mix up, mess up<br> . <br> <font size=+1>vaittiyaru kuTutta marunde teenule nallaa kalakki saappuTunga. adudaan romba nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>it would be good to take the medicine the doctor gave you, mixed thoroughly with honey</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mixed up, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozambu)</font> 3 intr <br> be confused; be messed up, be thrown by, be foxed, befuddled, be bedevilled, be confounded, be discombobulated, be perplexed<br> <br> <font size=+1>pala praccineye taleyile pooTTukkiTTu enna seyraduNNu teriyaame kozambikkiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm all mixed up and have too many things in my head and don't have a clue what to do</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moan</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(monahu)</font> 3 intr <br> utter s.t. in a weak or indistinct voice due to pain, fever etc.; groan, sigh, grumble<br> ' ' ' ' <br> <font size=+1>nalla kaaccalle tale valiye taangaama 'appaa' 'ammaaNNu' monahikkiTTirundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was moaning due to intolerable headache pain</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moan about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(polambu)</font> 3 intr <br> lament; complain about s.t.; utter s.t. in a low voice due to displeassure about s.t.<br> ' ', ' ' <br> <font size=+1>maamiyaar marumahaLep paattu ava 'adec ceyraa', 'idec ceyraaNNu' polambikkiTTeeyirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother-in-law is always moaning and groaning about her daughter-in-law's faults and inadequacies.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mob</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzu)</font> 2 tr <br> gather around a person or s.t., preventing forward motion; crowd s.o.; gherao, press in upon s.o.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ippaTi ellaarum enne suuzndukiTTaa naan eppaTi munnaale pooradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>If you all mob me like this, how can I get by?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neri)</font> 6b tr <br> be surrounded and pushed around by crowds of people; attack or crush in the form of a crowd; press in on s.o.<br> ' ', ' ' <br> <font size=+1>kooyilukku poonaa 'kaasu kuTu', 'kaasu kuTuNNu' piccekkaaranga nericcittaLraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Whenever you go to temples, the beggers mob you for money</font><br> 1) (iTiccit taLLu) 3 tr<br> 2) (nasukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> crowd into or around some place; hang around in large numbers<br> <br> <font size=+1>denamum yaaraavadu inda amaiccar viiTTukku munnaale kuuTTam pooTTukkiTTee irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister's residence is mobbed daily with crowds of people wanting something.</font><br> 1) (kumbal pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mobilize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadaravu teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> find support for s.o. or a group for future action<br> <br> <font size=+1>innum reNTu varushattule tangaLooTe kacci tee(r)talle pooTTipooTe ippoodulerundee aadaravu teeTikkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The politicians are mobilizing support now for their party in order to contest elections two years hence</font><br> 1) (aadaravu seehari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaar seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> make s.t. or s.o. be prepared for some task; get s.o. or s.t. ready<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta taakkudalukku tangaLooTe pooraaLingaLe tayaar senjikkiTTirukkaanga inda tiiviravaadinga</font><br> <font size=+1>These extremists are mobilizing their forces for their next attack</font><br> 1) (aayattam paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiNTal paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> make fun of s.o.; ridicule s.o.; denigrate; diss<br> ' ' <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe peeran ennooTe toppeye 'paane vayiruNNu' solli enne kiNTal paNNikkiTTeeyirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandson has been mocking me by pointing out my 'pot belly'</font><br> 1) (ekkaaLamiTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (eeLanam seyyi) 2b tr<br> 3) (keeli seyyi) 2b tr<br> 4) (nakkal seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naiyaaNTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> impersonate s.o., do impressions of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne poolavee naTandu kaaTTi enne naiyaaNTi seyradule en mahanukku alaadi piriyam</font><br> <font size=+1>My son enjoys mocking me by imitating the way I walk (behind my back)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mock up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seTTing pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make a model of some building or place; make a mock-up of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru maNi neera paTappiTippukkaaha pala aayiram selavile periya viiTTe seTTing pooTTurukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The filmmakers have spent thousands of rupees to make a mockup of a house just for an hour-long scene</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>model s.t. on s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~x~ ~ ~ </B> <font size=+1>(@x@e maadiri @y@e seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make s.t. like s.t.; imitate<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTe maadiriyee ennooTe maamaa oru viiTu kaTTiyirukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>My uncle has built a house, modeled on our house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>model upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saarburu)</font> 4 tr <br> follow or be based upon s.t.; be a copy or clone of<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiya arasaangattooTe arasiyalamaippu briTTish arasaangattooTe arasiyalameppe saarbuTrirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The Indian government's political system is modelled upon the political structure of the British system</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moderate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make less, slow down, calm down, remove in part<br> <br> <font size=+1>periya naharangaLule bas veeham maTTuppaTutta ippo moyarci eTuttukiTTu varraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Attempts are now being made to moderate the speed of the buses in some large cities</font><br> 1) (aasuvaasappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (aTakku) 3 tr<br> 3) (taNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> lessen the intensity or severeness of; modulate, temper, mollify<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze peenju veyilooTe suuTTe maTTuppaTuttiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain has moderated the heat of the sun</font><br> 1) (aasuvaasappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (aTakku) 3 tr<br> 3) (taNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naTuvaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> act as a judge esp. in debates, discussions, meetings etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda paTTimanrattukku yaar naTuvaraa irukkappooraanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who is going to moderate this debate?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mattisam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> ask as a mediator; resolve issues among two or more people<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyileerudu saNTepooTTukkiTTirunda pakkattuviiTTukkaarangaLe naan mattisam senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>All morning I have been moderating the fight that has been going on between our neighbors</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>modernize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naviinappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> Make s.t. new with latest features esp. of houses, buildings etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tamiznaaTTule ellaa graamattuleyum teruvukkellaam taarpooTTu minvasadi tolepeesi vasadiyum kuTuttu naviinappaTuttirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All the villages in Tamil Nadu have been modernized, with new roads, electricity and telephone</font><br> 1) (pudumeppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>modify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> remodel s.t. by giving a new shape; renovate<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTe innoru kuTumbam irukkradukku tahundaappla tiruttiyirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have modified our house to accommodate another family</font><br> 1) (siirseyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) (maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>modulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sudimaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> alter the amplitude or frequency of music<br> <br> <font size=+1>tavilkaaranga tavil vaasikrappa aTikkaTi sudimaatti vaasippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Drummers often modulate the note when they play the drums</font><br> 1) (kaTTeye maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(korale eettiyerakki peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> adjust or alter the pitch and volume of o's voice<br> <br> <font size=+1>ruumle irukravangalooTe eNNikkekki tahundavaaru niinga unga korale eettiyerekki peesaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to modulate your voice according to the number of people in the room</font><br> 1) (staaniye maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moist (become)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become wet or damp<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyarveyile saTTe iiramaahiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The shirt is moist from perspiration</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moisten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. slightly wet or damp<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinna kozande taNNi kuTikrappellaam saTTeye iiramaakkikkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>The little child manages to moisten the front of his shirt whenever he drinks water</font><br> 1) (nane) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moisturize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iirappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause s.t. to become or remain wet<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaccalle naakku varaNTukiTTeeyirukku aTikkaTi taNNi kuTicci iirappaTuttikkiTTeeyirukkaveeNTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My tongue is dry from fever. I need to drink water often to keep it moisturized</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>molest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaamayiccaikkuTpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> attack or annoy s.o. younger, or of opposite gender with sexual motivation<br> j <br> <font size=+1>nereye kozandengaLe kaamayiccaikkuTpaTuttina kaaraNattunaale jeyilukku pooyiTTaar ennooTe pakkattuviiTTukkaarar</font><br> <font size=+1>My next door neighbor was jailed after molesting a number of children</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ubattiravam seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> bother, vex, annoy, or give trouble or harm by attacking physically<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe naayi puunekki eppavum obattiravam senjikkiTTeeyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My dog is always molesting my cat</font><br> 1) (tondaravu koTu) 6 intr<br> 2) (tollekoTu) 6 intr<br> 3) (iinappaTuttu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mollified (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(@(@manam@)@ eLahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be satisfied with s.t.; become calm after being annoyed etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ennadaan vaangikkuTuttaalum ennooTe viiTTukkaariyooTe manasu eLahavee eLahaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever I buy for my wife, she can not be mollified</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mollify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amedippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make calm or quiet; pacify; placate, appease, conciliate, propitiate, assuage, calm (down); soothe.<br> <br> <font size=+1>goosham pooTTa veelekkaarangaLellaam naan amedippaTuttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to mollify the servants who were shouting slogans</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(@(@koovam@)@ taNi)</font> 6b tr <br> assuage, moderate, or calm s.o's anger; soothe<br> <br> <font size=+1>aayiram ruubaaykki paTTuppoTevee vaangi ennooTe viiTTukkaariyooTe koovatte tanikkaveeNTiyadaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to mollify my wife's anger with me by buying her a silk sari that cost Rs. 1000</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>monetize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(selaavaNippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> authorize (money, currency) as legal tender; give permission to issue currency or financial instruments<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizaha arasu tamiznaaTTule irukra ellaa beenkukkum selaavaNippaTuttura urime koTukkale</font><br> <font size=+1>??The Tamil Nadu government did not monetize all the banks in Tamil Nadu</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naaNayamaakku)</font> issue money based on the amount of gold holdings or foreign currency reserves<br> j <br> <font size=+1>indiya arasu tannooTe kajaanaavile irukkra tangattu tahundabaTi naaNayamaakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>??The Indian government is monetized based on the amount of gold it has in storage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>monitor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNkaaNi)</font> keep track of s.t. esp. of messages, watch and keep records of the activities etc. of some person or group<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadingaLooTe reeTiyoo oliparappe tamizaha arasu kaNkaaNicci varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Tamil Nadu government regularly monitors the radio transmissions of the TTL Tigers</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>monkey about/with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurangu seeTTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> act in a mischievous manner, esp. children's play activities; fiddle around with; play with<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe mahan reeTiyoovule korangu seeTTe senjikkiTTeeyiruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My son is always monkeying with the radio</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>monkey with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(korangu veele paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> do s.t. in an unskilled manner; tinker with, fiddle with<br> . <br> <font size=+1>onakku reeTiyoo rippeer paaka teriyumNaa, seyyi; illeeNNaa viTTuTu. summaa kaNTadeyum piricci korangu veele paNNaade</font><br> <font size=+1>If you know how to fix the radio, fix it, otherwise leave it. Don't take it apart and monkey with it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kane)</font> 6b intr <br> make noise like a cow<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>naandaan avanooTe peesamaaTTeenee. een avan enne paakrappellaam oru maadiri kanekkraan?</font><br> <font size=+1>While it's true that I don't talk to him much these days, why does he moo like a cow whenever he sees me?</font><br> 1) (serumu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mooch (off of s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeTTu vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> attempt to get s.t. for nothing; depend on the generosity of others; scrounge and beg for s.t. and get it; ask for or obtain s.t. without paying for it<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahaa periya kanjankiTTeerundu salli kaasukuuTa keeTTu vaangiTamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>When it comes to world-class misers, you'll never mooch even a single penny off them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moon about/over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soohamayamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> pine away for so.o; look or behave unhappily<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe kaadali avangiTTeerundu saNTe pooTTukkiTTu pirinju poonaduleerundu oree sooha mayamaa irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is mooning about ever since his girlfriend broke up with him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kareseettu)</font> 6 tr <br> berth a boat, bring a boat into moorage; tie up at the dock<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTahukkaaran kashTappaTTu ellaareyum kare seettuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>With difficulty the boatman managed to get everybody safely moored</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nanguuram paaccu)</font> 3 intr <br> cast anchor; come to anchor; berth (a boat)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kappale nirutta maalumi nanguuram paaccinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The pilot cast the anchor and moored the boat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nanguuram pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make a boat or ship secure in its moorage by fastening with rope or anchor<br> <br> <font size=+1>naahappaTTinam kaTarkareyile denam reNTu muuNu kappale nanguuram pooTTiruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>There are two or three ships moored in Nagappattinam harbor on a daily basis</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mop (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTe)</font> 6b tr <br> wipe s.t.; dry, such as the face or head; sponge up moisture from s.t.<br> . . <br> <font size=+1>nalla veyil. mohamellaam oree veerve. aTikkaTi mohatte tuNiyaale toTekka veeNTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Lots of sunshine makes your face perspire. You need to mop your face with a cloth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTi perukku)</font> 3 intr <br> clean the floor with a broom or mop; clean up after a mess<br> <br> <font size=+1>denam kaaleyleyum saayangaalamum oru taTave viiTTe kuuTTi perukkradu marumahaLooTe veele</font><br> <font size=+1>Mopping the floor once in the morning and in the evening is the job of a daughter-in-law</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mop up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oziccu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> clean up a mess or a difficult situation; finish off; eliminate corruption, evil, etc. in government<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalameccar padavikki vandadum modal veeleyaa tiiviravaadinga ellaareyum naaTTuleerundu oziccikkaTTiTTaar avaru</font><br> <font size=+1>His first job after taking the oath of Chief Minister was to try to mop up the remnants of the extremists in this country</font><br> 1) (muTiccik kaTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) ~(f g.)~ (muuTTek kaTTa vayyi) 6b tr<br> 3) (kaali paNNa vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> finish s.t. off; wrap up s.t. such as work pending for some time<br> <br> <font size=+1>eedoo oru vaziyaa romba naaLaa seyyaama irunda viiTTu veeleye ellaam iNNekki muTicci taLLiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Somehow I finally managed today to mop up the last of my unfinished domestic tasks</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mope about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ummNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be in a mourning mood; be silent and uncommunicative;<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>erandavanga eNNekkum tirumbi varappooradille. erandavangaLe nenecci eppavum ummuNNu irukkamuTiyumaa enna!</font><br> <font size=+1>The dead will never come back. What [are you going to do], spend your life moping about those who are gone?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mortar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(biirangi pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> attack with mortars (a heavy gun firing explosives)<br> <br> <font size=+1>tarangampaaTi kooTTeyileerundu ingliish kaaranga biirangi pooTTu ediringaLe taakkiyirukkaangangradukku nereya aadaaram irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There is much evidence for the fact that the Englishmen mortared their enemies from the Tranquebar fort</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mortgage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTahu vayyi)</font> 7 tr <br> borrow money by offering collateral of a jewel, house or land, or other property; pawn s.t. to get funds for s.t. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiyile kaasu illaadadaale naheyellaam konjam konjamaa aTahuvacci paNam vaangikkiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>As I don't have money for expenses, I have gradually mortgaged my jewels in order to get money</font><br> 1) (paNayam vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (aTamaanam vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mortify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(@(@manasu@)@ puNpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hurt s.o.'s feelings, causing shame, anger and loss of self respect<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nii enne patti aTikkaTi kuttam solli solli ennooTe manase puNpaTutture!</font><br> <font size=+1>You mortify me constantly by making accusatory remarks about me!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mortify o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttikkoo @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> harm or punish o.s. by fasting, inflicting pain upon o.s., etc. esp. for religious purposes<br> <br> <font size=+1>sanga kaalattule romba munivanga romba naaL saappiTaama tangaLe varuttikkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During the Sangam era, many saints mortified themselves by fasting for days on end</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mortise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> join one piece of wood to another by carefully cutting a slot with a chisel or other sharp instrument.<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??inda uLikki puTi pooTa nalla marakkaTTeye eTu</font><br> <font size=+1>In order to mortise this joint, use a good chisel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mother</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taayaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> give birth to a child and become a mother<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava oree samayattule reNTu kozendekki taayaahiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She has mothered two babies at the same time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taaye poola gavani)</font> 6b tr <br> treat s.o. with great care; nurture s.o. like a mother; brood over s.o. like a mother hen<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaattiyaarammaa tannooTe maanavangaLeyellaam taaye poola gavanippaa</font><br> <font size=+1>This teacher mothers all her students</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>motion</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saihe kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> direct s.o. esp. by waving the hands or arms<br> <br> <font size=+1>meduvaa poo-NNu avan enakku saihe kaaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He motioned me to go slowly</font><br> 1) (saaTe kaaTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>motivate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNamaayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be the cause or reason for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukku vaazkke meele irunda veruppudaan avarooTe tarkolekki kaaraNamaayirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His suicide was motivated by his hatred for life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uukkamaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.o. to find an inner motivation for s.t.; make s.o. enthusiastic and energetic to carry out a task<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaar nereye niidikkadehaLe maaNavarhaLukku solli vaazkkeyile nalladeyee seyyaNumNu uukkamaLiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher told the students many moral tales and thereby motivated them to do many good things in life</font><br> 1) (urcaahamuuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>motorize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaahanam kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> convert from animal-drawn to mechanical power; supply with vehicles for transportation; esp. to employees by employers<br> ~W d W ~ <br> <font size=+1>raanuvattule irukkravanga ellaarukkum pooha vara vaahanam reNTaavadu olahapoorlerundu kuTuttirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Military transportation has been totally motorized since World War II</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mould</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> build or create an image using clay and shaping instruments<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiraa gaandiyooTe uruvatte tatruubamaa vaarttirukkaar inda manushar</font><br> <font size=+1>This man has moulded a very realistic clay image of Indira Gandhi</font><br> 1) (vaarppeTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (accile vaaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaartteTu)</font> 6 intr <br> shape o's character (fig.); form, structure<br> <br> <font size=+1>senney palkalai kazahattule vaartteTutta maaNavanga eNNekkumee sooTe poonadille</font><br> <font size=+1>The students moulded at Madras University never became dull and weak</font><br> 1) (vaarppeTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (accile vaaru) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moulder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLu)</font> 6 intr <br> decay or rot slowly esp. wood, or wooden objects<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba naalaa mazeyilum veyilleyum keTandu inda maratteer uLuttu poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>This wooden car has been mouldering away due to exposure to rain and sun for a long time</font><br> 1) (paazaTe) 6b intr<br> 2) (paazaahu) 3 intrq<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>moult</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erakke pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> lose feathers esp. in birds; shed feathers, skin (as reptiles), periodically<br> <br> <font size=+1>koozi tenamum viiTu muzusum erekke pooTTuTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The chicken is moulting all over the house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uri)</font> 6b intr <br> lose or throw off outer layer esp. of feathers, skin, shell etc., due to change of season and weather<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyil kaalattule enakku eppavum toolurinjikkiTTeeyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My skin is just moulting away in this summer heat</font><br> 1) (tooluri) 6b intr<br> 2) (paTTe uri) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> form s.t. into a heap of sand, small stones, or any other solid objects<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattu veehamaa aTicci angange maNNe sinna kuNNu maadiri kumiccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The wind mounded the sand everywhere in small heaps</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mount</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> join, unite, conjoin, assemble; put or pull together; organize; (inf.) pull off<br> . . . <br> <font size=+1>ti.mu.ka. kacci oru periya makaanaaTTe tirucciyile kuuTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The DMK political party mounted a very large party conference in Trichy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mount (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> fix or attach s.t. on a flat surface with nails or other fasteners<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaLooTe kalyaaNa paTatteyellaam oru periya aTTeyile porutti kaNNaaTi pooTTu vaccirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have mounted all our marriage photos on a big piece of cardboard and framed them under glass</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> get on (a horse, bicycle etc); board<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLikkuuTam muTinjadoo illeyoo ellaa maaNavangaLum avangaLooTe midivaNTiyile eeri paranduTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All the students mounted their bicycles and raced home as soon as school was over, or even before</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mount (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oohooNNu eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> increase esp. prices, due to inflation etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze sariyaa peyyaadadaale veleccal sariyaa illaama veleyellaam oohooNNu eeriTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>As rain was inadequate and the fields were not yielding, prices mounted very quickly </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mount on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eetti vayyi)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. climb on s.t.; install or seat s.o. on a mount<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudirekkaaran enne tuukki avanooTe kudire meele vaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The horseman mounted me on his horse</font><br> 1) (eettivuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mourn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tukkattule aazu)</font> 2 intr <br> be in a state of distress and sorrow; grieve deeply<br> <br> <font size=+1>pradama mandiriyooTu irappaalu naaTee tukkattule aazndirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The country is mourning the death of the Prime minister</font><br> 1) (tukkap paTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (tukkam koLLu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mouse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eli piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> (of cats etc.) hunt for and capture mice<br> . <br> <font size=+1>viiTTule oree eli. tinamum padungi padungi eli puTikkaveeNTiyadaayirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The house is overrun mice. We need to get the cat to do a better job of mousing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mouth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odaTTe suzi)</font> 6b intr <br> form words silently with the lips to express s.t. esp. requesting silence<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaar maaNavangakiTTe peesaadiingaNNu odaTTec suzicci sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher mouthed the word 'quiet' to the students</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mouth (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peettu)</font> 3 intr <br> shoot off o's mouth; shout and blather; speak without thinking; babble incomprehensibly or insincerely<br> <br> <font size=+1>teru muuleyile niNNukkiTTu eedaavadu peettikkiTTirukradudaan inda paittiyattooTe oree veele</font><br> <font size=+1>Mouthing off on the street corner is the only job this crazy guy knows</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mouth to o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaykkuLLeeyee peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> utter s.t. indistinctly and slowly; mutter to o.s.<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>niinga vaaykkuLLeeyee peesunaa engaLukku eppaTi puriyum? veehamaa peesunga</font><br> <font size=+1>If you are mouthing something to yourself, how can we understand? Speak loudly please.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nahattu)</font> 3 tr <br> shift s.t. slightly<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava naaL muzukka viiTTule irunda saamaane ingeyum angeyum nahattiiTTee irundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>All day, she kept moving things around in the house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(munmozi)</font> 2b intr <br> propose in an official meeting or elective body, esp. in favor of some action<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaviri piraccaneyedaan vivaadattukku eTuttukkaNumNu edirkkaTci talaivar munmozindaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The opposition leader moved in the house that they should discuss only issues related to Cauvery water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> associate with others; form relationship with others; hang out with a particular group<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNakkaaranga paNakkaarangaLooTedaan pazahuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Rich people only move with other rich people</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(para)</font> 7 intr <br> go really fast (fig.)<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda pudu kaaru eppaTi parakkudu paarunga!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how this new car can really move!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 intr <br> make s.o. leave one position for another<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda aaL veeleye sariyaavee seyyamaaTTeengraan. ivane veere veelekki maattaveeNTiyadudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>This guy doesn't appear to be doing this job well. We need to move him to another position</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(ase)</font> 2b intr <br> change position of body or body parts from one position to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTam eTukradukkuLLe taleye asecciTTaan kozande</font><br> <font size=+1>The child moved his head before the picture was taken.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(viiTu maattu)</font> 3 intr <br> change o's place of residence from one location to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele nerandaramaa illaadadaale naan uur uuraa viiTu maattikkiTTee irukkaveeNTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>As I don't have a permanent job , I have to move from place to place rather often</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move (on to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2 intr <br> change the topic of discussion at a meeting<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ivanga sonda praccaneye pattiyee peesikkiTTirukkaangaLee. eppadaan naaTTu praccanekki varuvangaLoo teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>These people are discussing their own personal matters. I wonder if they'll ever move on to issues of a general nature?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move about/around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olaattu)</font> 3 intr <br> wander; move without perceptible goal<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>edir viiTTu varandaavule yaaroo olaattikkiTTirukkaangaLee avare ungaLukku teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know the person moving around on our neighbor's veranda?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move along</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaale poo)</font> 2 intr <br> move forward<br> <br> <font size=+1>bassukku naTuvule nikkravangaLe konjam munnaale nahandu pooha sonnaar {\d d}raivar</font><br> <font size=+1>The bus-driver asked the people in the middle of the bus to move along</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move along/forward</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3 intr <br> make progress, go or advance forward esp. work, events etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>unga viiTu kaTTra veele veehamaa poohudaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is the construction work on your house moving along?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaali paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> vacate o's place of residence and go to (usu.) a distant town<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTankaarangiTTe avanooTe viiTTileeyee pooy kaTan keekkalaamNu poonaa avan eppavoo viiTTe kaalippaNNikkiTTu pooyiTTaanaam</font><br> <font size=+1>When I went to collect from the guy who owes me money at his home, I learned that he had moved away a while ago</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizee taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> demote s.o. into a lower level or rank in job<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ippaTi un veeleye moosamaa senjikkiTTirundaa onnooTe veeleyile oru paTi kiize taLLiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If you continue to do your job as badly as this, you will be moved one step down in rank</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move forward/in front of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundi vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come in or to the front or early; advance to or be ahead of the pack; proceed, go ahead, move along, press on, push forward, make progress, make headway, forge ahead, gain ground. <br> j <br> <font size=+1>naan paNam kaTTine kudire mundi vandu jeyiikapoohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The horse I have bet on is going to move forward and win</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTi vaa)</font> 2 intr <br> arrive and occupy a new place of residence<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga pakkattu viiTTukku oru pudu kuTumbam kuTivandirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>A new family has moved in next door</font><br> 1) (kuTiyeeru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move in(to) on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aakkrami)</font> 6b tr <br> take control of a place by force<br> <br> <font size=+1>sariyaana neeramaa paattu ediriyooTe turuppu kooTTeye aakramiccikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The soldiers moved in on the fort at just the right moment</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noze)</font> 2b intr <br> proceed or enter into a place; penetrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>pradama mandiriyooTe vaahanam kooTTekkuLLe nozenjavoTane ellaa mandiringaLum pinnaaleeyee nozenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the Prime minister's car moved into the fort, all the ministers followed him</font><br> 1) (puhu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> go away; start or begin to go away; depart. leave<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum varadukkuLLe anda bas porappaTTuTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bus moved off before everyone could get on</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meelee poo)</font> 2 intr <br> go on; go further, continue to do s.t.; proceed<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinga solra kadeye keeTTukkiTTudaan irukkeen. meele poonga</font><br> <font size=+1>I am listening to your story. Please go on</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> chase s.o.; make s.o. move; proceed against; attack<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliiskaaranga kalavaram senja kumbale veraTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police moved on the crowd that were engaged in an agitation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaali paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> vacate o's place of residence; quit<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaTaheye renTu pangaa eettinappram naan viiTTe kaalipaNNiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>When they doubled the rent, I moved out of the house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>move up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(osaru)</font> 2 intr <br> rise to a higher status, position, etc.; ascend in rank; be promoted, get ahead, get on<br> <br> <font size=+1>pala kashTangaLukku mattiyile vaazkkeyle ozeccu paTippaTiyaa munnukku osandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I had to work hard to move up in the ranks, step by step and stage by stage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meelee pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> promote to higher rank<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ava nereya paTiccirukkaa. avaLe oru paTi meele pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>She has learned a lot. We need to move her up one level</font><br> 1) (padavi oyarvu seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazicciviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cut s.t. to make even, esp. grass, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTukku munnaale irukkra tooTTattule maNTiyirukkra pulle kazicci viTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The grass in the garden across from the house needs to be mowed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muck up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> mess up, make clothing dirty and unclean esp. with mud, etc.; soil<br> ? !<br> <font size=+1>oru saTTeyekuuTa uruppaTiyaa vaccirikkiyaa nii? ellaatteyum azukkaakki vaccirukkiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't you have a single clean shirt? You've mucked up every one you own!</font><br> 1) (saaNiyaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> spoil or confuse prior plans; mess things up<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki tiTiirNu maze peenju ennooTe ellaa vayal veeleyeum kozappiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Today's unexpected rain mucked up all my projects in the field</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muddle through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> arrive at a a less than satisfactory result by not following the proper procedures; get through s.t. somehow; get through by the skin of o's teeth; squeak by; sneak by<br> ' ' <br> <font size=+1>kaiyile paNam eduvum illaame 'kaTane oTane' vaangi en maha kalyaaNatte oruvaziyaa oppeettiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Without adequate funds on hand, by borrowing money and selling things off, I somehow muddled through my daughter's marriage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muddled up, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiye piiccukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be confused; bewildered, mixed up, at wit's end<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNakke pooTamuTiyaame kaaleyileerundu muTiye piiccikkiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've been muddled up all morning, unable to do this math</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muddy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make unclear or indistinct; mess up<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinna kozandenga anda niirule veLeyaaTi anda niire kalangalaakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The little children had muddied the water by playing in it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seeraakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. dirty with mud or soil; mess up<br> <br> <font size=+1>engeeyoo aattileyum koLattuleyum uruNTu peraNTu oTambeyellaam seeraakkiTTu vandirukku en naayi</font><br> <font size=+1>My dog came home with her body completely muddied up from playing in rivers and ponds and stuff.</font><br> 1) (maNNaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (azukkaTi) 6b tr<br> 3) (azukkaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooTTe viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> miss a catch esp. a ball; botch s.t.; fail to play well<br> j <br> <font size=+1>oru pande kooTTe viTTadaale jeyikkra vaayppeyee ezenduTTaanga indiya haakki aNikkaaranga</font><br> <font size=+1>By muffing just one ball, the Indian hockey team lost their chance to win</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muff (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLarubaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do s.t. stupidly or carelessly; mess s.t. up<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avan oru soombeeriyaana aaLu. avangiTTe enda veeleye kuTuttaalum koLarubaTi senjiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is a very lazy guy, so whatever you give him to do he'll muff it up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muffle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oliye kore)</font> 6b intr <br> dampen, deaden, or lessen the sound of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sovar gaTihaarattule irukkra taTicca kaNNaaTi maNiyooTe sattatteyee korekkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The thick glass covering the wall clock muffles the sound of the bell</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mafLar pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> cover neck or head with a scarf, a warm cloth, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba kuLiraa irukkuNNu ellaarum kazuttukku mafLar pooTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone is going around with their necks muffled up because of the cold</font><br> 1) (tere pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mug</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> assault with an intention to rob, esp. on open street<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurule raattiriyile taniyaa poonaa yaaraavadu ungaLe aTicci pooTTuTTu paNatteyellaam tiruTiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If you walk alone in this town at night you will be mugged and all your money taken away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kooNikaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> make faces<br> <br> <font size=+1>nuuru peeru irukkra inda pooTToovule ivan maTTum taniyaa teriya kooNi kaaTTiyirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Just because he wanted to stand out somehow, he mugged and made a stupid face in a picture with over a hundred other people</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizee taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> dislodge from a position; push s.o. down, esp. to rob<br> <br> <font size=+1>rooTTule oru moraTan enne kiize taLLinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>A thug mugged me in the street</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mulch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sakke pooTTu aNe)</font> 6b tr <br> cover the soil around the base of plants with compost, saw dust etc., to protect from weeds<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooTe kaalattule ellaa tenne maratte suttiyum sakke pooTTu aNekkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All the coconut trees are mulched during the hot season</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mull</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaccu)</font> 3 tr <br> heat beverages esp. beer or wine with sugar or spice to improve the taste<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda saaraayattule enna pooTTu kaacciraanga ivvaLavu nallaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>What is this arrack mulled with to make it taste this good?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mull over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaloosi)</font> 6b tr <br> think about; consider s.t. in detail<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTu vaangalaamaaNNu oru maasamaa ennooTe naNparkaLooTellaam aaloosiccikkiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>With my friends over the past month I have been mulling over the idea of buying a house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>multiply</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 6 tr <br> increase o's skill<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe tambi amerikkaavukku pooyi tannooTe tozil nuTpa teremeye vaTattukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My younger brother went to America and multiplied his business skills many times over</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(adihari)</font> 6b tr <br> increase chances; opportunities<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham maze nallaa peenju nel veLeccale adiharicciTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>This year's heavy rain multiplied the output of paddy</font><br> 1) (peruhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(perukku)</font> 3 tr <br> combine numbers by multiplication - add one number into itself<br> <br> <font size=+1>anjeyum aareyum perukki sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Multiply five and six and say the answer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pedaTTu)</font> talk nonsense; talk like an idiot; be blithering, blathering, babbling, driveling<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuukkakkalakkattule avan eedoo pedaTraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is tired, and just mumbling nonsense</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozaru)</font> 3 intr <br> speak inarticulately; burble<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuukkakalakkattule avan kozaraa peesinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In his sleepy state, he mumbled incoherently.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> utter clumsily or indistinctly; murmur<br> !<br> <font size=+1>anda kozande vishiyatte purinjukkaame ellaatteyum nallaa koLari viTTuccu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Not understanding anything of what was going on, that kid just mumbled indistinctly!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muNumuNu)</font> 6 intr <br> hum or sing gently; murmur, croon, hum to o.s.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ede patti muNumuNukkiriinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you mumbling about?</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(peettu)</font> 3 intr <br> babble, chatter, prate, jibber<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanavanga paTukkeyile peettuvaanga. </font><br> <font size=+1>Old people tend to mumble and babble in their sleep</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(muNumuNu)</font> 6 tr <br> say s.t. unclearly in a low voice; make indistinct noises with the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paTikkrappa muNumuNttukkiTTee paTippeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tend to mumble aloud when I read</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mummify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ?)</B> <font size=+1>(padaappaTuttu (padappaTuttu?))</font> 3 tr <br> preserve dead bodies from decaying<br> <br> <font size=+1>toNTarkaL paakkradukkaaha leninooTe oTale kaNNaaTi peTTiyile padappaTuttiyirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Lenin's body was mummified and kept in a glass coffin for all his followers to see</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>munch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are)</font> 6b tr <br> eat by making a crunchy noise usu. with rapid jaw movements<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaayile edeyaavadu pooTTu kara karaNNu eppa paattaalum areccikkiTTeeyirukkiye</font><br> <font size=+1>You've always got something you're munching on in your mouth.</font><br> 1) (mellu) 3 tr<br> 2) (ase pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>murder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kole seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take s.o.'s life illegally; kill; commit homocidal act; ruin the beauty of s.t. esp. language, music etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiriyooTe raattiriyaa muuNu tiruTanga viiTTukkuLLe puundu ellaareyum kole senjiTTu ellaatteyum tiruTikkiTTu pooyiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Three robbers entered the house overnight, murdered all the occupants, and made off with everything of value.</font><br> 1) (kole paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (toleccuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>murmur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muNumuNu)</font> 3 intr <br> say s.t. in a low voice; mumble, mutter<br> ? !<br> <font size=+1>ongaLaale eduvum peesaama summaavee irukkamuTiyaadaa? eppavum eedoo munumunuttukkiTTeeyirukkiingaLee</font><br> <font size=+1>Can't you keep quiet for a moment? You're always murmuring and muttering something!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muscle in on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> intrude with force on s.t., and take over, esp. in business arrangements<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We had a nice arrangement going and then they muscled in on our business and stole all our customers.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muse on/over/upon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pahal kanavu kaaNu)</font> 5c intr <br> daydream; amuse o.s. by thinking flighty thoughts; meditate, let the mind wander;<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>oru maNi neeramaa nii ingeeyee okkaandukiTTu eedoo pahal kanavu kaNTukiTTeeyirukker. oru veeleyum seyyaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>You have been sitting here for the past hour musing about s.t. and not getting your work done.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mush(y), become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(masi)</font> 2b intr <br> (of food) be mashed, crushed, soft, or become mashed; (of greens, rice, fruits, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>masinja saappaaTTe tuukkiyerinjiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We threw away the food that had gotten soft and mushy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mushroom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhippoo)</font> increase rapidly; spring up everywhere, as if overnight,<br> <font size=+1>Fast-food restaurants have mushroomed in India since the deregulation of import licenses.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naaykkoTepoola appu)</font> 3 intr <br> spread and cover s.t. in the shape of a mushroom<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaanattule meehamellaam naaykkoTe poola appikkiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Clouds have mushroomed in the sky</font><br> 1) (puunjcakkaaLaan poola appu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saappaaTTukkaaLaan seehari)</font> 6b tr <br> gather mushrooms in the wild<br> <br> <font size=+1>denamum kaaTTukku pooyi saappaaTTukkaaLaan seeharikkradu enakku piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>I enjoy mushrooming in the woods almost daily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mushy [mooshy], get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of a meal of rice, wheat etc.,) become mushy by overcooking or over heating.<br> <br> <font size=+1>koodumekkaLi kozenji poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The cream of wheat has become [soft and] mushy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mushy, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koze)</font> 2 intr <br> become pasty and soft, as boiled rice, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>saadam kozenjadunaale pongal nallaa varale</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the rice had gotten mushy, the pongal didn't turn out well.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muss up (cf. also mess up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 6b tr <br> create disorder; create a mess of s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>taleye kalekkaame onnaale baniyan pooTavee muTiyaadaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can't you put on your t-shirt without mussing up your hair?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muster (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> collect or gather, as courage, strength, forces<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe teremeyellaam teraTTikkiTTu avanukku oongi oru kuttu viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I mustered all my energy and gave him a strong blow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muster up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraLu)</font> 5c intr <br> assemble, gather; call to order, as troops etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>eravooTe eravaa ellaa paTe viirarhaLum malekkaTiyile aTutta naaL saNTekkaaha teraNTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All the soldiers were mustered up at the base of the mountain for the next day's battle</font><br> 1) (kuuTu) 3 intr<br> 2) (onnu seeru) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(@(@oli@)@ kore)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce or cease making noise, esp. of a musical instrument; put a muffling device on s.t.; turn off the sound of, e.g. a radio, television<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalameccar vizaappandalukkuLLe nozenjavoTaneeyee naayanakkaaranga oliye korecciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the chief minister entered the stage, all the musicians muted their instruments</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mutilate</b></font><br> destroy the original form or intent of some work of art<br> <font size=+1>He wrote a wonderful novel, but they absolutely mutilated it when they made a movie out of it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTi)</font> 2b intr <br> cause harm or damage to the shape of a body part; harm by breaking bones etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veehamaa ooTi vandadule enakku kaal oTinjiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>My leg was mutilated when I ran too fast (and had an accident)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moTamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> cause injury to the body such that some part of the body is rendered useless, or must be removed<br> <br> <font size=+1>reyil vibattule oru kaale ezandu ava moTamaayiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was mutilated in a train accident, losing a leg</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mutter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muNumuNu)</font> 6 tr <br> murmur or say in a low level voice, as a prayer, a mantra, an invocation, etc.<br> <font size=+1>I couldn't hear what he was muttering, but may have been praying</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(adaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak indistinctly or in a low voice (often with anger); complain; speak with lips partly closed and clenched teeth<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTuppukiTTe poonaa aTippeeNNu kozandeye palle kaTiccikkiTTu adaTTunaa taay</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother muttered to her child that she would beat (him) if he got too close to the stove</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>muzzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> establish restrictive speech codes; control public pronouncements; issue a gag order, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan nenekkradu naTakkaNumNaa modalle enakku kiize irukravagaLooTe vaayaTekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If I want my intentions to be carried out, I must first muzzle all my subordinates</font><br> 1) ~(f g.)~ (vaaykki puuTTu pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poNe pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> shut the mouth (usu. of animals) with a restraint made of leather, bamboo, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kannukuTTi maN tingaame irukka vaaykki poNe pooTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The calf has been muzzled to prevent it from eating mud</font><br> 1) (kuuTe kaTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>mystify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> confuse; perplex; create a mystery; cast doubt<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTukku pinnaale puudam irukkuNNu solli enne kozappivuTTuTTaan puusaari</font><br> <font size=+1>The holy man mystified me with his claim that there is an evil spirit dwelling in the back yard of my house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nab</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(@(@ labakk-NNu@)@ piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> seize, catch s.o. usu. thieves or criminals<br> b <br> <font size=+1>tiruTna paNatte eTuttukkiTTu uureviTTee ooTradukkuLLe pooliiskaaranga avane labakk-NNu puTicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police nabbed him before he could get away with the loot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toNe toNe)</font> 6b intr <br> bitch at, bug, persist with nagging questions; bore s.o. to death with demands etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan manevi avane paNam kuTuNNu eppoodum toNe toNeNNaa</font><br> <font size=+1>His wife always nagged him and bugged him for money.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> needle, bug, make fun of s.o.<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>enne een ippuTi kiNTare? onakku veere veele illeyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you nagging me like this? Don't you have other work to do?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tolle kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> do s.t. consistently to bother or annoy s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTi pooTaama talevali enakku tolle kuTuttukkiTTeeyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I need glasses, but since I don't have any, I have a constant nagging headache,</font><br> 1) (uyire vaangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naccari)</font> 6b tr <br> try repeatedly to persuade s.o. to do s.t.; annoy s.o. with repeated requests<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu kaar vaangaNum vaangaNumNu solli ennooTe manevi tenamum enne naccariccikkiTTeeyirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My wife has been nagging me every day to get me to buy a new car</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNi aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> fasten s.t. with a nail; drive nails into s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTu muzukka aaNi aTicci paTatte maaTTi vaccirukkaar kuTittanak kaarar</font><br> <font size=+1>My tenant drove nails in all the walls and hung up a lot of stuff</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nail (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaaya paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> pin s.o. down; force s.o. to make a decision; express o's intentions boldly<br> . <br> <font size=+1>mandiriye ellaarum seendu kaTTaayappaTuttinaadaan namma uurukku eedaavadu seyvaar. illeeNNaa namma uuru pakkam tirumbiyee paakkamaaTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Only if we all get together and nail the minister down will he do some favour for our town, otherwise he'll never think about us at all.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nail down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch or trap s.o. or s.t.; pin s.o. down<br> <br> <font size=+1>kole senjiTTu ooTippoonavane aaru maasamaa teeTi kaTesiyile oru vaziyaa kaNTupuTicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police have finally nailed down the murderer, who's been on the run for the past six months</font><br> 1) (nembu) 3 intr<br> 2) (neruTiyeTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>name</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peyar sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> identify s.t. by its name<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda puungaavule irukkra ellaa seTikkum unnaale peeru solla muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you name all the plants in this garden?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peyariTu)</font> 4 intr <br> name a person; give, bestow a name on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNakkaaranga tangaLooTe kozandekki peeru vekkradukkaaha periya vizaa vekkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Rich people throw a big party when they name their children</font><br> 1) (peeru vaiyyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (peeru suuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>name after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~x-~ </B> <font size=+1>(@x@ooTe peer vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> give the name of s.o. to s.o. or s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda teruvukku settupoona modalameccarooTe peere vaccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>This street was named after the late chief minister</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTittuukkam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> sleep for a short time esp. during the day; have a siesta, a snooze; catch forty winks<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattiyaanam saappiTTa perahu enakku oru kuTTittuukkam pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I need to take a nap after lunch</font><br> 1) ~( .)~1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>narrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukki sollu @(Nc tr)@)</font> 6b tr <br> describe s.t. in brief or at length; tell a story; explain as a story; give a brief exposition; sum up<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaanoli naaTaham aarambikkradukku munnaale kadeye surukki solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>At the beginning of every radio play in Tamil Nadu, someone briefly narrates the story</font><br> 1) (kadeccurkkam sollu) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>narrow down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> decrease in width; become narrower<br> <br> <font size=+1>tirucciyile oru kiloomiiTTar ahalattukku ooTra kaaviri aaru puumbuhaarle reNTu miiTTar ahalattukku kuruhiTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Cauvery river, which runs a kilometer wide in Tiruchi, narrows down to two meters in Pumpuhar</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(surukki sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> diminish the focus or extent of; make s.t. brief or shorter<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga enna solla variingagrade konjam surukki sollunga</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to narrow down the focus of your remarks somewhat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>narrow, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuruhalaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> get or grow narrow or short<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTakkanaTakka paade kuruhalaayiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The path is getting narrower as we move along</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nasalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B>3 intr <br> (ling.:) the process of an oral vowel assuming nasal features due to adjacency with nasal consonants<br> <br> <font size=+1>Vowels that come before nasal consonants are nasalized in final position in Tamil.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muukkaale peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak or pronounce through o's nose; direct air flow through nose while speaking<br> j . <br> <font size=+1>jaladooshattule toNTe kammikkiTTu. muukkaaleeyee peesaveeNTiyadaayirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My throat is blocked up because of a cold, so everything I want to say comes out somewhat nasalized.</font><br> 1) (muukkolippaTuttu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nationalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(deesiiyamayamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring s.t. under the control or ownership of government<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattiya arasaangam perumbaalaana vangihaLe deesiyamayamaakkiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The central government nationalized most of the banks at one point</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>natter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayppeeccu peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> talk continuously about unimportant things; blather, chatter, babble<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyileerundu naalu peerum kuuTikkiTTu summaa vaayppeeccu peesraangaLee tavira eduvum uruppaTiyaa seydadaa teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>This bunch of people got together and have been nattering all morning without doing anything useful</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (vaLavaLa) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>naturalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tannaaTci peru)</font> 4 intr <br> attain indigenous status, as words, lexical items in a foreign language; become treated as native vocabulary after long use<br> , <br> <font size=+1>Sanskrit words like "aaccariyam" (surprise), "manam" (mind) etc., are now naturalized in Tamil</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyurime kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> grant s.o. native status or citizenship, usu. in a country not of origin<br> <br> <font size=+1>viyaTnaam saNTekki perahu angeerundu vanda nereya ahadikku amerikkaa kuTiyurime kuTuttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The American government naturalized many immigrants from Vietnam after the Vietnam war</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tanjam aTe)</font> 6b intr <br> become assimilated, as a plant or animal, to local circumstances, environment, ecological conditions; adapt or fit in with local conditions<br> <br> <font size=+1>siinaavileerundu vara paraveyellaam tamiznaaTTule kooTiyakkareyile tanjam aTenjiTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Many birds that come from China have become naturalized in Kodiyakkarai in Tamil Nadu</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nauseated (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppuuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> have a feeling of revulsion when hearing or seeing unpleasant things<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayil sakkarattule maaTTikkiTTu sinnaa pinnamaa poona oTale paakradukku enakku aruvaruppuuTTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>I was nauseated by the sight of the mutilated body from the train accident</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nauseated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vayitte peraTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> feel queasy or unwell; begin to feel nausea or an urge to vomit; be sickened by s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veehamaa poora rayille poonaa enakku vayitte peraTTum</font><br> <font size=+1>When I travel on a fast moving train, I start to feel nauseated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>navigate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> direct the course of ( a ship, plane, car etc.) using maps, charts, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan kaare ooTTreen. nii meeppe vaccikkiTTu enakku vazi sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll drive the car; you can help me by navigating with the map</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niirvazippayaNam seyyi)</font> 2b intr <br> travel by water; find o's way by knowledge of the seas and the stars<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazangaalattle greekkarhaL tamiznaaTTooTe vaNiham seyya niirvazippayaNam senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Long ago the Greeks navigated all the way to S. India to trade with the Tamils</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>near</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungu)</font> 3 tr <br> approach, come close to some place in terms of time or space<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu mani neeram prayaanattukku perahu naama maleyucciye nerungiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>After two hours of travel, we are nearing the mountain top</font><br> 1) (anuhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>near, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be or get close to; be in the vicinity of; be not far from s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>reyil ippa tirunelveeliye nerungiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The train is now near Tirunelveli</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkattulee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be adjacent, be in the vicinity of, be close; live near<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jaan ippa ennooTa pudu viiTTukku pakkattile irukkraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>John now lives near my new house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkattule iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be near, be close; be proximate; be cheek by jowl with<br> . , <br> <font size=+1>maruttuvaru oruttaru enga viiTTukku pakkattule irukkraaru. vaanga, pooyi paakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>there is a physician who lives near our house. Come on, let's go see him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkattle vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come near, approach, come (up) close; come a little closer<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ungiTTe oru rakaciyam collaNum adanaale empakkattule vaayeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I would like to tell you a secret so why don't you come nearer to me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>necessary, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeveppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be required, be needed; be urgent<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppo teevepaTTaalum kaavaltoreye kuupiTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Call the police whenever necessary</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>necessitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avasiyamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. necessary, important or mandatory<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTunguLir naan reNTu muuNu saTTeye pooTra maadiri avasiyamaakkiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The heavy cold necessitated my wearing three shirts, one on top of the other</font><br> 1) ~( .)~3 intr<br> 2) (kaTTaayamaakku) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>need</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeveppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> require; have a need for; be in a state of requiring s.t. without which some other condition cannot be met<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTu kaTTuradukku enakku nereya paNam teeveppaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I need a lot of money to build my house</font><br> 1) (veeNTiyiru) 7 intr<br> 2) (avasiyappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>needle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttikkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> nag, criticize, or tease s.o. with unkind remarks usu. about appearance, behavior etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>marumaha nereya saapuTraangrade sameya paattiramellaam sinnadaa irukku perusaa vaangaNumNNu kuttikkaaTTunaa maamiyaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother-in-law needled her daughter-in-law about her overeating, constantly noting that the cooking pots were too small and how they must need bigger ones</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>negate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirmareyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> (ling.:) make a verb into its negative form; give the negative form of a positive verb<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizle ellaa veneyeyum oree maadiriyaa edirmareyaakkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The verbs in Tamil can not be all negated by the same rule</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>neglect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(porakkaNi)</font> 6b tr <br> give inadequate mention or respect; fail to give adequate attention to; fail to notice, ignore; disregard the existence of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezengaLe porakkaNicca enda arasaangamum neleccadeeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>No government stays long in power that neglects the poor people</font><br> 1) (taTTikkazi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mara)</font> 7 intr <br> forget or fail to do s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>veLiye poora avasarattule kadave puuTTa maranduTaadiinga!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't neglect to lock the door if you leave in a hurry!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>negotiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moraNTu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> face a problem and tackle it; manage to handle a difficulty<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ungaLooTa kaar inda periya maleyooTe uccikki moraNTupuTicci pooyiTumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can your car negotiate this big hill and make it all the way to the top?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~x-~ </B> <font size=+1>(@x-@ooTa peesi muTivukku vaa)</font> 2b intr <br> come to a consensus after a discussion with an individual or group<br> <br> <font size=+1>uuziyarhaLukku sambaLatte eetturoomNu uuziyar talevarhaLooTe peesi muTivukku vandirukku arasu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government negotiated with the union members and came to the conclusion that their wages will be raised</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kalandureyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> talk with another person or group in order to achieve consensus or agreement<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>niinga naalu peerum anjaaru taTave kuuTikkalandureyaaTiyum oru muTivukku varalleeNNaa enna seyradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>What can we do? Even after you guys met together and negotiated on four separate occasions, you didn't come to a decision!</font><br> 1) (kalandu peesu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>neigh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gane)</font> 6b intr <br> make the sound of a horse; cough, as a horse; clear o's throat; cf. also whinny, bray, nicker, snicker, whicker<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudire valiyile ganeccukkiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The horse is neighing in pain</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTz) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>neighbor (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTuttaa pooliru)</font> 7 intr <br> live as a neighbor; live in proximity to; border on; be close to<br> <font size=+1>The area we live in neighbors on a less desirable part of town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> live clustered together in small shelters, like birds; cluster around s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>graamattule ellaatteruvileyum kasa kasaNNu nereya kuuTupooTTuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Settlements have nested around all the streets in the village</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nestle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangiyoTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> make o.s. warm, comfortable, in a close and pleasant situation<br> <br> <font size=+1>naay kuLirukku eLamaa aNenjirunda aTTuppule aTangiyoTungirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog nestled itself down in a clay oven in the kitchen to get away from the cold</font><br> 1) / (edamaa saanjiru / paTuttiru) 3 intr<br> 2) (vaahaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>net</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(valepooTTu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch s.t. esp. fish or animals using a net; trap s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>koLattule irunda miineyellaam vale pooTTu puTicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All the fish in the pond have been netted</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vale pooTTu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> select or choose s.t. very carefully; catch and draw in<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe mahanukku oru nalla poNNe vale pooTTu puTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I need to net a nice girl for my son</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>neutralize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 6b tr <br> negate the effect of; mollify, soften, reduce the strength of; make ineffective by applying an opposite force or effect; counterbalance, counteract , offset , balance off or out, counterpoise, count<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTambule irunda veshatte maruttuvaru kuTutta marundu nallabaTiyaa muriccuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The medicine the doctor prescribed neutralised the poison that had entered the body</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> bring s.t. to a balanced position; work in the opposite direction of; balance out<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeleyillaa tiNTaaTTa praccneye velevaasi erakkam ooralavukku iiTu kaTTiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The problem of unemployment was more or less neutralized due to a drop in the consumer price index</font><br> 1) (sarikaTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muneppazi)</font> 2b intr <br> lose power or effect; render ineffective or neutral<br> <font size=+1>Antihistamines are used to neutralize bee stings; adrenaline will neutralize allergic attacks</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>next, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTu)</font> 6 tr <br> be near, close, adjacent; apply to for protection; be in line for<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku aTuttu talevaraa avarutaan varuvaaru appaTingradu niccayam</font><br> <font size=+1>it is pretty certain that after me, he'll be the next chairman of the party</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nibble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kori)</font> 6b tr <br> eat small amounts of s.t.; take small bites, or in small amounts over a period of time; reduce by taking small amounts away over time<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNil maamarattule pazatteyellaam koricciTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Squirrils nibbled away at all the mangos in the tree</font><br> 1) (koodu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruTu)</font> 3 tr <br> steal, filch, pilfer; rob; appropriate, misappropriate, purloin , walk off with, embezzle, pocket, shoplift, peculate, pinch, swipe, lift, rip off.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>raattriyle tiruTanga vandu silvarellaam tiruTunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Robbers broke in during the night and nicked all the silverware</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seraayi)</font> 6b tr <br> make a small cut in s.t., as with a razor; obtain minor wounds, bruises etc. due to scratching<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>nallaveele! kiize vizundadule konjandaan kaalle seraayccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I am lucky! My leg got nicked only a little from my fall</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nickname</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ponepeeru kuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> give s.o. a name in addition to, or other than the given name, usu. for reasons of affection, mockery, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuNTaa irukkaangradukkaaha ennooTe aTutta viiTTukkaarap paiyanukku ellaarum kuNTumaNiNNu ponepeeru kuTuttuTTuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>As my next door neighbor's boy is overweight, people nicknamed him "chubby".</font><br> 1) ~(f g.)~ (paTTappeeru koTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>niggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soLLe sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> blame s.o. for every little mistake not worthy of mention; cause slight but persistent annoyance, discomfort, or anxiety; find fault with s.o. in a petty way: look for the fly in the ointment<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne ungaLukku puTikkaleengradukkaaha edukkeTuttaalum niinga enne sollesollikkiTTeeyirukkiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>Since you don't like me, you niggle me constantly</font><br> 1) (kuttam sollu) 2c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ari)</font> 6b tr <br> annoy s.o. consistently over a long period of time; bug<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe manevi meele eerpaTTa sandeeham en manase pooTTu ariccikkiTTeeyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>A suspicion about my wife has been niggling me for a while</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ettu)</font> 3 tr <br> whisk away at the last minute; get s.t. dishonestly or by cheating unfairly<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe freNTu enne eemaattiTTu modal parise ettikkiTTu pooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend nipped the first prize, cheating me out of my fair due</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sakkeyaakku)</font> 3 intr <br> be caught, pinched, or crushed slightly in a tight place, such as a finger in a door<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe kai palcakkarattukku eTeyile maaTTi sakkeyaayiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>My finger got nipped in the door of the car</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nip off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiLLiyeri)</font> 2b tr <br> remove s.t. usu. by plucking away with the tips of the fingers<br> <br> <font size=+1>azuhuna puuveyellaam kiLLiyerinjiTTaa matta puuvellaam nallaa puukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If all the dead blooms are nipped off, other flowers will grow back nicely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nitpick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTakku paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise trivial, annoying objections; find fault in a petty manner; criticize; complain pettily; grumble; quibble, niggle<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nalla yoosane sonnaalum eedaavadu eTakku paNNikiTTee irukkiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>You are always nitpicking, even if I come up with good suggestions!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nix</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTaaduNNu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> say no to s.t. esp. a plan; forbid or obstruct; reject<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe appaa enne iNNekki sinimaavukku poohakkuuTaaduNNu solliTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>My father nixed my plans to go to a movie today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nod</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tale aaTTu @(N intr)@)</font> 6 intr <br> gesture with head to indicate agreement, or to summon or invite s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan enna sonnaalum ennooTa sneydan taleye aaTTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter what I say, my friend nods in agreement.</font><br> 1) (taleyaaTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> agree to s.t.; accept s.o's decision, recommendation, advice silently<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe manevi solradukkellaam taleyaaTTikkiTTirundaa ava enne nalla kaNavanNu solvaa, illeeNNaa naan avaLukku pollaadavan</font><br> <font size=+1>If I nod in agreement to everything, I'm a good husband to my wife. Otherwise, she thinks I'm not so nice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyase)</font> 6b tr <br> move o's head up and down slowly usu. as a sign of agreement, greeting etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaar vahuppukkuLLe vandadum ellaareyum ukkaara solli taleyasaccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher nodded for everyone to sit as soon as he entered the class room</font><br> 1) (taleyaaTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nod off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((taleye) saayi)</font> 6b tr <br> fall asleep while sitting, or when not intending to sleep; hang o's head downward loosely while asleep<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan mummuramaa peesikkiTTeeyirukkeen. avan muuleyile ukkaandukiTTu taleye saacciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>While I am speaking about serious things, he appears to have nodded off in the corner.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>noise about/around/abroad, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeccu aTi paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> spread rumors about s.o. or s.t.; be circulating, as rumors, gossip; be the scuttlebutt<br> <br> <font size=+1>niingadaan kaTciyooTe talevaraa aaha pooriingaNNu enge paattaalum peeccu aTipaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is being noised abroad that you are going to be the next chairman of the party</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>noise, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ereccaliTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make a noise or clamor, hullabaloo; yell, scream, shout; cry out, call out, call at the top of o's voice, howl, yowl, wail, scream, shriek, screech, yelp, squeal; roar, bawl<br> <font size=+1>They made a lot of noise in the streets when they won in the Olympics</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sattam pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make noise, make a peep<br> <br> <font size=+1>sattampooTTaa konnuTuveeNNu tiruTan bayamuruttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief threatened to kill me if I made any noise</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sattam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> speak aloud; make indistinct sound<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>een ippaTi sattam pooTre? meduvaa sollu, enakku kaadu keekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you make so much noise? Speak in a low voice, I can hear you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nominate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munmozi)</font> 2b intr <br> suggest or make a reference for s.o. for a post<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTciyooTe talivar teerdalle pooTTipooTapooravangaLooTe peereyellaam munmozinjiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The president of the party nominated all those who are going to run for office in the election</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niyamanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> appoint s.o. to a position, office etc.; depute<br> <br> <font size=+1>modal mandiri veLinaaTu poonappa tannooTe poruppuhaLe gavanikka nidimandiriye niyamanam senjirukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister nominated the finance minister to fill his position pro tem while he was abroad</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>normalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(sahajattukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> return, come back to normal; settle down, calm down<br> j <br> <font size=+1>oru vaara mazekkum poyalukkum perahu iNNekkidaan neleme sahajattukku vandurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>After week of rain and storms, things have finally normalized today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muukkaale taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> push s.t. with nose esp. dogs, other animals<br> <br> <font size=+1>naay kadave muukkaale taLLi teranduTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog nosed the door open</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nose around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mooppam piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> detect s.t. with a special sense, as of dogs; sniff out<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis naay tiruTane mooppam puTicci kaNTupuTicciTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police dog nosed around and finally caught the thief</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nose around/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mooppam piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> detect s.t. elegantly or in a shrewd manner; suss out, sniff out; dig up<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiri tannooTe viiTTule nereya tangatte padukki vaccirukkaarngra seediye pulanaayvutture kaaranga eppaTiyoo mooppam puTicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Intelligence bureau somehow nosed out the news that the minister was hiding a large amount of gold in his house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nose in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muukke noze)</font> 6b intr <br> (idiom.) interfere in others' matters unnecessarily; intrude into s.o's affairs; enquire into matters impertinently; stick o's nose into s.o. else's business<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe manevikkum enakkum naTakkura saNTeyile nii anaavasiyamaa muukke nozekkaveeNTaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You don't need to nose in here; this issue is just between me and my wife</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nose out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muukku maNNe kavvu)</font> 3 intr <br> defeat s.o. usu. in a close call, or in a pitiful manner; win a horse race 'by a nose'<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu siikkram modal suttileeyee un muukku maNNe kavvumNu naan neneccikkuuTa paakkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I have never even thought you would nose him out, even in the first round of the match</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>notarize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muttire pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> officialize any statement with a signature and seal from a government officer<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga reNTu peerum parivattane senjikkra nelattooTe veveratte oru pattirattule ezudi padivaaLarkiTTa muttire pooTTu vaangikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You both should write down the details of your land transactions on paper and get it notarized by a registrar [notary public]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>notch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kokki pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make a 'v' shaped cut esp. in a piece of wood or iron so as to attach a hook<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinna sinna marattuNTuleyellaam kokki pooTTu onnooToNNaa eNeccaar taccar</font><br> <font size=+1>The carpenter notched all the logs and joined them together</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>note</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavani)</font> 6b intr <br> notice; recognize s.t.; be cognizant of; take note of;<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan konjam uppiyirukkrade niinga gavaniccirukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You may have noted that I have put on some weight recently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanattule vaccukkoo)</font> 4 tr <br> pay special attention to s.t. esp. some fact; take or make note of; notice<br> <br> <font size=+1>innum aaru maasattule niinga viiTTe kaali seyyaNumgrade gavanattule vaccikkoonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please note that you have to vacate the house in six months</font><br> 1) (karuttil vaccikkoo) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bring s.t. to o's attention; remark, point out<br> <br> <font size=+1>reyil vibattule romba peeru seedamNudaan kurippiTTirundaangaLee tavira ettane aaL-Nu sariyaa kurippiTale</font><br> <font size=+1>It has been noted only that there were a lot of casualities in the train accident, but not specifically how many</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>notify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arivi)</font> 6b tr <br> inform, announce, let s.o. know<br> .<br> <font size=+1>niinga inda vishayette dairekTar-kiTTe arivikkaNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to notify the director about this.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> inform s.o. of s.t., especially officially<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga eppa marubaTiyum varuviingaNNu enakku munnaaleeyee teriyappaTuttunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please notify me ahead of time when you intend to visit me again</font><br> 1) (arivi) 6b intr<br> 2) (terivi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nourish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(valuvuuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> give hope to s.t. esp. an idea, thought etc.; encourage, feed<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum sariNNu sonnadu naan veLinaaTTukku poohaNumgra aasekki valuvuuTTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody nourished my desire to go abroad by giving their consent</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uuTTamaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> provide s.t. or s.o. with nutricious food for good growth<br> . <br> <font size=+1>nereya paal kuTuttu kozandekki nallaa uuTTamaLiccirukkaanga. nallaa kuNTaayirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The child has been well nourished, with lots of milk; he looks very plump</font><br> 1) (uuTTamaLi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>novelize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(periya ponekadeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> convert a work of fiction, drama, or a movie into a novel<br> <br> <font size=+1>sirukadeyeyellaam maattiyamacci periya ponekadeyaakkiTuvaar inda naavalaasiriyar</font><br> <font size=+1>This writer is going to novelize his own short stories by putting them together [into one work]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nudge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnukku taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> push, shift an object forward<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda pustahatte konjam munnukku taLLunaa adu kiize vizunduTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you nudge that book forward any more, it'll fall down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mozangeyaale iTi)</font> 6b tr <br> push or touch s.o. or s.t. with elbow usu. to attract o's attention unobtrusively<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naanum oru maNi neeramaa avane mozangaiyaale iTicci iTicci poohalaamNu sollikkiTTirukkeen. avan romba suvaarasyamaa kade keeTTukkiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>I have also been nudging him for the past hour to leave, but he is still totally enthralled in the story</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nullify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNumillaadadaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. null and void<br> <font size=+1>The labor union has nullified its agreement with management, and is planning to strike</font><br> 1) (onnumillaama aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 6b tr <br> neutralize the effect of s.t.; render s.t. ineffective; negate; dampen, mollify, weaken<br> . <br> <font size=+1>oTanee iranduTalaaNu sayanaiTu saappiTTaan. anda veshatteyum marundu kuTuttu muricciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He took cyanide thinking he would die instantly, but they [the doctors] nullified the effect of the poison with an appropriate remedy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>numb, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNarcciyuza)</font> 7 intr <br> become paralyzed; lose all feeling<br> <br> <font size=+1>bassu moodunadaale kiizee vizundavan oNarcci illaama irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The person who fell lost consciousness and felt numb as a result of the bus accident,</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>numb, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vere)</font> 6b intr <br> grow stiff, become rigid or numb<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandenga kuLurule vereccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children got stiff and numb in the cold</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>numb, be/go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marattuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become numb or stiff<br> <br> <font size=+1>??naan oru pakkamaa paTu irundadaale kayyi maruttu poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>??Having been next to pa8u my hand went numb</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>numb, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marattuppooha seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make numb or stiff; cause to lose feeling<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane anji maNi neeram paniyile okkaara vacci avan oTambe maruttupooha paNNinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They made him sit in ice for five hours, and it made his body go all numb</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>number</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> count one by one usu. to find total of s.t.<br> <font size=+1>I think this government's days are numbered, and they'll be calling for new elections soon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nambar pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> mark s.t. with number; assign a number or an order; numerate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inge irukkra puttahattukkellaam nambar pooTTu konjam variseyaa vekkriingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Would you please number all the books here, and then keep them in some kind of order?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nurse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadukkaattu vayyi)</font> 7 intr <br> brood, keep an idea or goal in o's mind, esp. desire to achieve s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>talevare eppaTiyaavadu koNNuTaNumNu pala varushamaa paadukkaattu vaccirunda tiiviravaadiyi eNNam iNNekki nereveeriTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The extremist who had long been nursing the idea of killing his leader, has had his goal fullfilled today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paNiviTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> take care of s.o. esp. the sick; attempt to bring s.o. back to health<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippavellaam ennooTe vayasaana taattaavukku paNiveTe seyraduleeyee romba neeram selavazikkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Lately I spend a lot of time nursing my aged grandfather</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taaypaal kuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> take breast milk, as an infant<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru vayasu varekkum kozandenga taayppaal kuTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Children nurse until they're about a year old</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taayppaal kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> give a child breast milk, as a mother, wet-nurse<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ennooTe mahaLukku oNNare vayasu varekkum taayppaal kuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I nursed my daughter until the age of one and a half</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taadiveele paaru)</font> 6 intr <br> serve as a nurse; take care of the sick or wounded; do nursing as a profession<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda poNNu viyaTnaam yuttattule konja naaL taadi veele paattaa</font><br> <font size=+1>This woman served as a nurse for a while during the Vietnam war</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nurture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> enrich o's mind with thoughts, knowledge, useful information; take care of o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinna vayasuleeyee nereye paTicci niinga ongaLe nallaa paNpaTuttikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>At this time in your young life, you should nurture yourself well, and get as much education as you can</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aravaNeccu vaLar)</font> 6 tr <br> take care of s.o. with love and affection; give nourishment, training, and care<br> <br> <font size=+1>oree kozandengradaale naanga enga kozandeye aravaNecci vaLarkkroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We give our child all the nurture we can, since he's our only son</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>nuzzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( )~</B> <font size=+1>(muukkaal taLLu @(see nose)@)</font> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obese, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perusaayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be overweight; be fleshy, corpulent, obese<br> <br> <font size=+1>on kozande saappiTTu saappiTTu perusaayirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Your child has become obese from overeating.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obey</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizppaTi)</font> 2b intr <br> submit (to); be submissive; defer to; do as one is told; follow orders; act obediently<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasooTa aaNekki kiizppaTiyradu kuTimakkaLooTa kaTame</font><br> <font size=+1>It is the duty of all citizens to obey the government's orders</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) (x+) </B> <font size=+1>((x+)ukku eNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> agree with s.t. or s.o.; do as on is told; follow orders<br> <br> <font size=+1>talevanukku eNangi naTappadu toNTanukku azahu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's always wise for an ordinary member to obey the orders of his leader</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizppaTindu naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> follow orders, wishes etc., without questioning or denying them<br> <br> <font size=+1>periyavanga solradukku kiizppaTinji naTakkaleNNaa nii vaazkkeyile munneeravee muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't obey the words of your elders, you won't be able to succeed in your life</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>object</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTepaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> oppose s.t. so that it won't happen; resist orders or instructions; go against authority<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>naan ade seyya kuuTaadu ide seyyakkuuTaaduNNu niinga enne taTepaNNikkiTTeeyirundaa naan edettaan seyradu?</font><br> <font size=+1>If you object to doing anything I ask, what in the world am I supposed to do?</font><br> 1) (taTe sollu) 4intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>objectify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvam kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> give undue importance to little things not worthy of mentioning<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan saadaaraNamaa sonna veshayattukkellaam uruvam kuTuttu periya vishayamaakkiTTiyee</font><br> <font size=+1>You have objectified every little thing that I said and made a big issue out of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>objurgate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTintukoo)</font> 4 intr <br> reproach, rebuke, scold or denounce s.t. vehemently<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinna sinna kuttattukkellaam maamiyaar marumahaLe sadaa kaTinjikkiTTeeyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Mother-in-law is always objurgating the daughter-in-law for every little mistake she makes</font><br> 1) (kariccikkoTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obligate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaaya paTuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> have s.t. necessary to do for s.o.; require s.o. to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ennooTa mahan paLLikkuuTattulerundu vandavoTane viiTTuppaaTam senjiTTuttaan veLiyee veLeyaaTa poohaNumNu kaTTaayappaTuttiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have obligated my son to do the homework as soon as he gets home from school before going out to play</font><br> 1) (avasiyappaTuttu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obligated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTame paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be or feel thankful to s.o. due to some help; be obliged to s.o. for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga enakku senja ellaa odavikkum naan ungaLukku rombak kaTameppaTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am very obligated to you for all your help</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>oblige</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTippaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be or feel required to do s.t. in exchange for some service rendered<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga ide kaNTippaa seyyaNumngra avasiyam eedum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is no need for you to feel obliged to do this</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~ b g ~</B> <font size=+1>(kaTame paTu @see obligate@)</font> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obliterate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTeccazi)</font> 6b tr <br> remove s.t. entirely; wipe out; get rid of; eliminate; annihilate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennadaan ennooTe manase teTappaTuttikkiTTaalum naan senja paavatte en manasuleendu suttamaa toTecci azikkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Despite my exceptional courage, I am unable to obliterate the memories of all the sins I have committed</font><br> 1) ~( d )~ (kuzi tooNTi pode) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obscure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. indistinct, dim, unclear etc.; disconcert or confuse; discombobulate<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ennatteyeoo solli nii enga tiTTatteyellaam kozappiTTe!</font><br> <font size=+1>You came out with something and it obscured and discombobulated all our plans!</font><br> 1) (mangalaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (teLivattadaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obsequious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kenju)</font> 3 tr <br> be subservient to, bow down to; humble o.s. before; crave, supplicate, beg humbly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaadalikiTTe denamum kenjuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Towards his lover he shows nothing but obsequious behavior</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>observe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavani)</font> 6b tr <br> watch; scrutinize carefully; keep an eye on<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar solvade ozungaa gavani</font><br> <font size=+1>Observe carefully what the teacher is saying.</font><br> 1) ~(f g.)~ (uttu nookku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> celebrate, as a birthday, a festival, an anniversary, etc.; be religiously observant; honor religious holidays<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enda paNTuheyeyum koNTaaTradillee</font><br> <font size=+1>He doesn't observe any holidays</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(anusari)</font> 6b tr <br> honor, as a religious rite, a vow of silence, etc.; obey or follow, as rules, law, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga uurle yaarum saale vidiye anusarikkradille</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody observes traffic rules in our town</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kavani, gavani)</font> 6b tr <br> look carefully at, listen; perform an observation of<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan vahuppe nallaa kavanikkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm observing the class carefully</font><br> 1) ~(f g.)~ (uttu nookku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pinpattu)</font> 3 tr <br> follow a direction or a condition; be cognizant of; take cognizance of<br> <br> <font size=+1>onnooTe vaattiyaar solrade nii pinpattaleennaa nii pariccayile paas paNNamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't observe [the rules] that your teacher says, you can't pass the exam</font><br> 1) (solra paTi naTa) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTaaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> celebrate or solomnize a routine function<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTu iNNekki sodandra denette koNTaaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The country is observing its independence day celebration today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obsess</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> worry too much about s.t.; fret<br> <br> <font size=+1>paricceye sariyaa ezudaleeNNu avan eppavum manase romba varuttikkiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He obsesses too much about not having done well on the exam</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((manadai) oLeccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> fill o's mind constantly with specific thoughts; be totally focussed on one goal or idea, to the exclusion of all others<br> <br> <font size=+1>periya arasiyal vaadiyaa aahaNumNu sadaa manase pooTTu oLeccikkiTTirukkaan ivan</font><br> <font size=+1>This guy is obsessed with the desire to become a big politician</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obsessed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> ?show signs of anger or hostility; rankle; have intense hatred<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan pazivaanga karuvikkiTTu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is obsessed with the idea of getting revenge</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obstruct</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTukku)</font> 5c intr <br> prevent s.t. from happening; be in the way of s.t.; thwart, hinder<br> <br> <font size=+1>vazile irukkra paarenga kaalungaLe taTukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rocks in the way are obstructing my progress</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTenjal paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> hinder s.t. from happening; get in the way of s.t.; prevent s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enne enda veeleyum seyyaviTaama een ippaTi eedaavadu eTanjal pannikkiTTeeyirukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you obstructing me from doing all my work?</font><br> 1) ~(f g.)~ (kurukke nillu) 4 intr<br> 2) ~( .)~</ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mari)</font> 6b tr <br> block s.t.; cause congestion; create a (log)jam<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooraaTTattukkaaha enda vaahanatteyum poohaviTaame vaziye maricciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The agitators have obstructed the route for the sake of their demonstration</font><br> 1) (maRai) 6b tr<br> 2) (taTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obstructive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTangal seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> impede; be resistant; stop; pester<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande enne veele seyyaviTaama taTangal senjukiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The child is being obstructive and not allowing me to do my work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obtain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazakkattule iru)</font> 7 intr <br> exist as a custom; be customary or traditional; be observed<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooville aaTTeyum maaTTeyum pali kuTukradu romba naaLaa inda uurule vazakkattule irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Goat and cow sacrifice in temples is a custom that obtains in this town</font><br> 1) (naTemoreyile iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangu @(N tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> get, achieve<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu naTanda pustaha veLiyiiTTu vizaavule avaru modal parisu vaangunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>yesterday he obtained first prize in the book release celebration</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keTe)</font> 6b tr <br> get or acquire s.t.; lay o's hands on s.t.; take possession of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavoo moyarci paNNiyum enakku anda puttaham keTekkaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>Despite several attempts, I could not obtain that book</font><br> 1) (peru) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obtrude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aakkirami)</font> 6b tr <br> stick in s.o.'s mind for long periods; become obtrusive; become noticeable in an unwelcome or intrusive way; impose or force s.t. on s.t. in a certain way<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne ariyaamaleeyee oru pazeya tamiz paaTTu en manase aakkiramiccikkiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>An old Tamil song obtruded unconciously in my mind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obvert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> change the face of s.t. to other direction; invert or turn around; reverse<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda paTattooTe viiNNa poona pakkatte veLiyile teriyaama tiruppi vekkriingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you obvert this picture so that the damaged side is not seen?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>obviate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavir)</font> 6 tr <br> remove or avoid s.t. that is undesirable<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazeyile naan kaarule poohaama neettu inga naTanda vibatte tavittuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I obviated involvement in the accident by not taking my car yesterday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>occlude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> obstruct, stop; close s.t. off; prevent air of fluids from passing<br> <br> <font size=+1>irudayattileendu vara ratta kozaayile eedoo aTeccirukradaale enakku suvaasikka kashTamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Something is occluding the blood vessel in my heart, causing a respiratory problem for me</font><br> 1) (taTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>occupy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((eTam) aTe)</font> 6b intr <br> fill certain amount of space with some objects<br> j <br> <font size=+1>meese muzusum oree puttahamaa ellaa eTetteyum aTeccikkiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The books that were all over the table occupied almost all the space</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalam selavazi)</font> 6b intr <br> use o's time engaged in s.t.; fill o's time with an activity<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe taattaa eeze kozandengaLukku paaTam solli kuTuttu kaalam selavazikkraar</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather occupies himself with teaching poor students</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oTeme paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> take and hold possession of s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>viiTTukku paNamellaam kuTuttaacci. naaLekki taan oTameppaTuttikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We've paid all the money for the house, but we won't occupy it until tomorrow</font><br> 1) (eTam puTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>occur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> presume s.t. before hand as an effect of s.t. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>suLLuNNu veyil aTiccaa maze varumgradu enakku tooNaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>It never occured to me that a burning sun would bring a rain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nehaz)</font> 2 intr <br> happen, take place; exist or be found to be present in a place or under a particular set of conditions; come into being as an event or process at or during some time<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa sanikkizameyilum inda kooville eedaavadu oru adisayam naTakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Every saturday, there's some kind of surprise occurring in this temple</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>offend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTam miiru)</font> 3 intr <br> do s.t. against the law<br> j <br> <font size=+1>vari kaTTaama saTTatte miirunadaale avarukku aaru maasam jeyil taNTane kuTuttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been jailed for six months because he offended the law by not paying his taxes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puNpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hurt the feelings of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii yoosikkaama sonna vaartte avanooTa manase puNpaTuttiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>What you said without thinking offended him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>offer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTukka munvaa)</font> 2c intr <br> give s.t. as a note of acceptance or refusal<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naavalaasiriyar nalla naavale ezudunadukkaaha aiyaayiram ruubaa kuTukka munvandadu aanaa avar ade eettukkale</font><br> <font size=+1>The Tamil Nadu government offered five thousand rupees to the writer who wrote the best novel, but he refused to accept it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aLi)</font> 6b tr <br> give (a prayer or an offer) to god for s.t. to happen; propose<br> j <br> <font size=+1>enga taattaa nooyileendu koNamaTenji nalla nelemekki vandaa periya puuja aLippoomNu naanga veeNTikkiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We prayed to lord Ganesh that we would offer him a big puja when our grandfather recovers from his sickness</font><br> 1) (koTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>officiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> conduct ceremonies such as marriage, funerals, etc.; act as an official at s.t.; give official status to s.t. by appearing and speaking<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>puroohidar varaleeNNaa kalyaanatte yaar naTattivaippaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who will officiate at the marriage if the priest doesn't show up?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nirvahi)</font> 6b tr <br> lead s.t. as an official head<br> <br> <font size=+1>graamattooTe ellaa kaariyangaLeyum nirvahikka naanga oruttare niyamiccirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have appointed a person to officiate at all the proceedings of the village</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>offload (see unload)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>offset</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nevartti seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> compensate; balance out<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga aTutta viiTTukkaararukku kaal uunamNaalum avarkiTTe irukkra paNam anda tunpatte nivartti senjiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our next door neighbor was able to offset his sorrow about his physical handicap with his wealth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>oil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNNe pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> lubricate; grease; apply oil for lubrication<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe saikkilukku eNNe pooTaveeyille. kriic kriicNNu sattam pooTTukkiTTeeyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I didn't oil the wheels on my bike, they squeak all the time</font><br> 1) (pase pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>omit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> leave out or leave s.t. unmentioned; fail to include or mention; neglect to include<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>mahaatmaa gaandi pattiya seediye vuTTuTTu eppaTi indiyaavooTe varalaare ezudamuTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can one write the history of India and omit any mention of Mahatma Gandhi?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((seyyaama) viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> leave s.t. undone; fail to carry out some task; forget or neglect to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTe viTTu veLiye poorappa kadave puuTTaame viTTuTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't omit locking the door when you set out from home</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>on fire, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eri)</font> 2b intr <br> be on fire, be flaming; be a conflagration, be afire<br> !<br> <font size=+1>viiTu tii patti eriyudu!</font><br> <font size=+1>The house is on fire!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ooze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasi)</font> 2b intr <br> emit, as moisture, sweat; exude<br> <br> <font size=+1>sovarlerundu mazetaNNii kasiyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Rain water is oozing out of the wall.</font><br> 1) (ozuhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(rattam kasi)</font> 2b intr <br> drip out slowly, as blood; bleed<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTi paTTa eTattule rattam kasiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Blood will ooze out of a wound.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kasi)</font> 2b intr <br> (of liquids) flow, trickle or leak slowly through small holes; drip or trickle out slowly<br> . <br> <font size=+1>paattirattule sinna ooTTe irundadee teriyale. paadi paal konjam konjamaa kasinjiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>I never noticed that there was a small hole in the vessel, so almost half of the milk oozed out of it</font><br> 1) (ozuhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ope delete: (archaic) see open</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>open</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tera)</font> 7 intr <br> unfold the pages of, as a book, letter, newspaper etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>puttahatte torandu naalaam pakkattuleerundu paTi</font><br> <font size=+1>Open the book and read from fourth page</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(terandu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> inaugurate; bring s.t. into functioning order; set in motion<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudusaa kaTTiyirukkra paLLikkuuTatte amaiccar iNNekki teranduvaccirukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister opened the new school today</font><br> 1) (toTangivayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tera, tora)</font> 7 tr <br> let s.t. (esp. doors and windows) be released from their locked position<br> ? . <br> <font size=+1>viiTTukkuLLe irukkradu yaaru? konjam kadave toranga. naan uLLe varaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Is anyone inside? Please open the door--I need to get in.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tora, tera)</font> 7 intr <br> be made available for use; be ready for some function<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda uurukku naan vandu muuNu varusham aahudu. ippattaan inda teruvule nereye kaTe terandurukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It has been three years since I moved to this town, but only recently have a number of stores opened on this street</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>open (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam terandu sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> be frank and clear about s.t.; hold no secrets from anyone<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiiz vahuppu saadikkaarangaLukku ungaLaale enna seyyamuTiyum enna seyya muTiyaatuNNu niinga manam torandu sollittaan aahaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should frankly (open your mind and) tell us what you can and can't do for the lower caste people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>open fire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTa toTangu)</font> 3 tr <br> commence shooting or firing weapons<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTatte kaTTuppaTutta muTiyaama pooliisaar tiTiirNu suTa toTangiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When they couldn't control the crowd, the police opened fire</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>operate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> run s.t. (e.g. a shop, a business); cause s.t. to go; make s.t. happen, operate, function <br> <br> <font size=+1>tanjaavuurle en tambi oru tuNikaTe naTatturaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My brother operates a textile store in Tanjaavuur</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eyakku)</font> 3 tr <br> operate; cause to go or run; function or control the functioning of: manage; work; control; put or keep in a functional state<br> <br> <font size=+1>Treene nallaa eyakka payircci avasiyam</font><br> <font size=+1>To operate a railroad engine well, training is necessary</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> manage, run, make s.t. function<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu pala sakkare aalengaLe nalla laabam varumbaTi naTatturadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government manages to operate many sugar factories at a profit</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aruve sihicce seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> perform a medical procedure or operation; perform surgery<br> . <br> <font size=+1>vayittule oru sinna kaTTi irukku. adanaale enakku aruve sihicce seyyanumNu {\d d}aakTar solliTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I have a small swelling inside my stomach, the doctor said that it needs to be operated on soon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(seyalpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> run an institution; function<br> <br> <font size=+1>kanaraa beenkooTa taleme aluvalaham bengaluurulerundu seyalpaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The head office of the Canara bank operates from Bangalore</font><br> 1) (eyangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(eyangu)</font> 3 intr <br> work, as a machine<br> <br> <font size=+1>oree samayattule inge pattu meshin eyangikiTTirukradaale oree sattamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It's too noisy out here--there are four machines operating all at the same time</font><br> 1) (ooTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>opinion, be of (the)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karudu)</font> 3 intr <br> have an opinion<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe aNNaa ippaTiyellaam kiizttaramaa seyyamaaTTaarNu naan karudureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I an of the opinion that my older brother wouldn't do anything silly like this</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>oppose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moraNpaTu)</font> disagree with; be in conflict with<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma koLhekki moraNpaTum karuttu eduvaa irundaalum ade edirppoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We will oppose any opinion that is in conflict with our principles</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(edir)</font> 6 tr <br> attack; cf. also disapprove of, resist, or be hostile to, compete with or fight. <br> <br> <font size=+1>arasooTa pookke naan edirkkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I oppose the stance of the government</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(edu(r)nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> stand before or in the way; withstand; stare s.o. down<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan neneccappellaam ava kaNNu edurule niNNaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever he thought, she opposed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(edir)</font> 6 tr <br> stand up against or be in opposition to, as a political party or movement; be opposed to; stand against; challenge<br> . . . . . . . . <br> <font size=+1>inda tohudiyle poona taTave ti.mu.ka.ve ma.ti.mu.ka. eduttadu. aanaa inda taTave aadariccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the last election the MDMK opposed the DMK in this constituency, but this time it supported them.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>oppress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> put a burden on s.o. by abuse of power; put down; keep (s.o.) in subjection and hardship, especially by the unjust exercise of authority; cause distress or anxiety to; cf. also: persecute, abuse, malt<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga edirkkaTcikki aadaravu kuTukroongradukkaaha inda arasu anaavasiyamaa engaLukku tondaravu kuTuttu oTukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since we support the opposition party, this government is oppressing us, and giving us unnecessory problems</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>opt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tee(r)ndeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> choose s.t. as o's preference over s.t. else; make a choice for s.t.<br> ! ?<br> <font size=+1>eppavumee nii niilattileeyee saTTeye teendeTukkriyee! onakku niilandaan romba puTicca kalaraa?</font><br> <font size=+1>You seem to always opt for blue shirts! Is blue your favorite color?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viruppam terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> show o's desire; make known a choice<br> <br> <font size=+1>inimee enda variyum pooTak kuuTaadunnu uruppinanga ellaarum oTTumottamaa viruppam teriviccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>All the members opted unanimously to not raise any more taxes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>opt out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukku)</font> 3 intr <br> choose to leave; excluse o.s. from s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>onakku engaLooTe naTavaTikke puTikkaleeNNaa peesaama odungikkoo. anaavasiyamaa tondaravu kuTukkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't like our any of our activities, you'd better opt out, and avoid giving us unnecessary problems</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>orate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(solpozivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> speak in a formal and eloquent way, esp. before an audience; hold forth<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>varumeye naaTTuleendee ozicciTreeNNu sorpozivu seyyalaam. naTemoreppaTutta muTiyumaa enna?</font><br> <font size=+1>One can orate on the platform that they can completely eradicate poverty, but can this ever be implemented?</font><br> 1) ~(f g. d f .)~ (vaaykkiziyap peecu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ordain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neyami)</font> 6b tr <br> appoint s.o. for religious duties<br> <br> <font size=+1>perumbaalum ellaa koovilleyum aambLangaLedaan kurukkalaa neyamikkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Only men are ordained as priests in most of the temples</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>order</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uttaraviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> command; dictate<br> <br> <font size=+1>mannar uttaraviTTaa naan en uyire kuuTa kuTuppeen</font><br> <font size=+1>If the king orders me to, I will even give my life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(solli pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> ask for s.t. to be brought, sent, or provided<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda hooTTal oree kuuTTamaa irukku. namakku enna veeNumNu eppa solli pooTTaa adu namakku vara innum are maNi neeramaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>This restaurant is so crowded. Even if we order our food now, we won't get it for half an hour</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaLeyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> issue a command or order; give an order; command, specify that; instruct that<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTatte kalekkradukkaaha suTa solli meeladihaari pooliskaarangaLukku kaTTaLeyiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The officer ordered the policemen to open fire in order to stir up the crowd</font><br> 1) (aaNe pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>organize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaaTu seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> arrange; prepare<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa porandanaaL vizaave nallaa eerpaaTu senjiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Did you organize things well for her birthday party?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make orderly; bring or create order; bring into proper order or relation; line up, organize; coordinate<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalle kalenju poona pustahangaLe ozungupaTuttu</font><br> <font size=+1>First, organize all the books that are strewn around</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaaTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> arrange s.t. after a systematic planning<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varushak kaTesiyile naaTu muzusum Tuur pooha eerpaaTu senjikkiTTirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are organizing a tour to go around the entire country</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(orungu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> integrate, form s.t. coherently; delineate; bring into order, line s.t. up, straighten up; pull together<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTe eNNetteyellaam oNNu paNNi puttahamaa ezuda moyarcci paNraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is trying to organize all her thoughts and write a book</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>orient</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kezakku moham paaru)</font> 7 tr <br> put or construct s.t. (esp. houses, temples etc.) facing toward the east<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiz naaTTule perumbaalum ellaa koovilum kezakkumoham paattukkiTTirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Almost all the temples in Tamil Nadu are oriented to face the east</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>oriented, get/become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTipaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become familiar with o's surroundings<br> . , <br> <font size=+1>inda uurukku vandu reNTu naaldaan aahudu. enakku innum eTam, suuznele ellaam sariyaa puTipaTale</font><br> <font size=+1>I just got here two days ago, so I haven't yet gotten myself oriented to the places and circumstances here yet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>originate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urpattiyaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> start from; have its origin in a place<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaviri aaru koTahu maleyilerundu urpattiyaahudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Cauvery river originates from Kodagu mountain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> appear from; have a source from; have their origin in; stem from<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeruvooTa puttahattuleendu pala pudu karuttellaam tooNiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Many new ideas have originated from Nehru's work</font><br> 1) ~(f g.)~ (pora) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ornament</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b intr <br> make s.t. more attractive with ornaments (s.t. that lends grace or beauty)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kirusmas neerattule kiruttuvanga kirusmas marattukku nereya maNiyellaam pooTTu oppane seyvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>At Christmas, the Christians ornament the Christmas tree with many fancy baubles and bells and lights.</font><br> 1)j (jooTane paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (azahu paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>oscillate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uusalaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move back and forth around a point<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazangaalattu sovar gaTihaarattule oru guNTu ingeyum angeyumaa uusalaaTikkiTTirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Old wall clocks have a ball oscillating back and forth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uusalaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be in a dialemma; swing or move back and forth between two different ideas; flip-flop<br> <br> <font size=+1>teerdal naaL vara varaikkum yaarukku ooTTu pooTradunnu ellaarooTe manasum uusalaaTikkiTTirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone's mind will be oscillating back and forth about whom to vote for until the day of the election</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ossify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTiyaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become hardened as a stone; turn to stone; become fossilized<br> <br> <font size=+1>panikkaTTiyileeyee keTandu maamisamellaam oree kaTTiyaayiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The meat has ossified after being frozen for a long time</font><br> 1) ~(f g.)~ (kallaavu) 3 intr<br> 2) ~(f g.)~ (elumbaavu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ostentatious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pahaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> make a show of pomp, glitter, etc. in order to charm; be conspicuous, pretentious, flamboyant, gaudy, garish, brash, vulgar, loud, extravagant, fancy, ornate, over-elaborate; put on the dog; live it<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu paNam nammakiTTe irundaalum pahaTTakuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We should not act ostentatiously, no matter how rich we may become</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(minukku)</font> 3 tr <br> behave outrageously, affectedly; put on airs; flounce, prance and mince around flamboyantly<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippellaam pakkattutteru naaTTiyakkaari minukki minukki naTakkuraa</font><br> <font size=+1>the dancer who lives around the corner from us is behaving very ostentatiously lately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ostracize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu kaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> exile s.o. from a group or country for a common concern; shun s.o. to limit their participation in a group; ignore and marginalize s.o. because of perceived crimes or transgressions<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaNuva rahasiyatte veLinaaTTukku kuTuttaarngradukkaaha oru amaiccare naaTu kaTattiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>A minister has been ostracized as he gave the military secrets to the foreign countries</font><br> 1) (odukki vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (taLLivayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>oust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove one from his position or rank; drive out or expel from a position or place; cf. also: force out, thrust out, expel, eject, put out, evict, throw out, dispossess, dismiss, dislodge, displace, de<br> <br> <font size=+1>kappal peer uuzalle iiTupaTTadaale vaNihat tore mandiriye anda toreyileerundu niikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the commerce minister was involved in a ship scandal, he has been ousted from his status</font><br> 1) (aharru) 3 tr<br> 2) (veliyeettu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> expel or exclude s.o. from s.t., esp. a party, group etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba kashTa paTTu avare kaTciylerundu veLiyeettiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We tried hard to oust him from the party</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>out, be/come</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ambalamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become publicly known; come to light; be exposed<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga ennadaan muuTi mareccaalum unme oru naal niccayamaa ambalamaayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how hard you try to hide the truth from spreading, it will certainly come out one day</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outbid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meelee sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> say a higher amount than the current amount, esp. in an auction; big (a price) up;<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>nuuttiyirubadu ruubaaykki eelam vandirukku. yaaraavadu meele solraangaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>The current auction price is one hundred and twenty ruppees. Anyone wants to outbid this amount?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outcaste</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(jaadiniikkam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> exclude, shun, or ban from his/her caste<br> <br> <font size=+1>jaadikki porambaa aaTTukkari saappiTTadaale enga aTutta viiTTukkaarare praamaNa jaadiyileerundu jaadi niikkam senjiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We outcasted our neighbor form the Brahmin caste for eating lamb in defiance of the rules of the caste</font><br> 1) (odukki vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outdistance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go farther in relation to another, esp., in a race; get or pull ahead of s.o.; excel<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe tambi ooTTa pandayattule avanukku pinnaale varavankiTTeendu eTTi pooyiTTaan. en tambidaan modal parise vaanguvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My younger brother has outdistanced himself from the person behind him. He will certainly get the first prize</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outdo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minju)</font> 3 intr <br> go beyond in an action or performance; excel, outstrip<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTTiyattule ennooTe tanga ellaareyum minjiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My younger sister has outdone everyone else in her dance performance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outdraw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((gavanam) iiru)</font> 6 tr <br> attract s.o. exceedingly; be the star; have all eyes on o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu periya kuuTTattule ava tannooTe azahunaale ellaarooTe gavanatteyum iirttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>(Even) in such a huge crowd, she outdrew everyone's attention with her beauty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outfight</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> defeat s.o. very easily with little effort; out do, outmaneuver; have s.o. for breakfast; make a meal of s.o.<br> ! <br> <font size=+1>avarkiTTe kuttu saNTeki pooreeNNu poohaadee! avarukku irukkra oTambule oree kuttule onne tuukki saappiTTuTuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't ever get into a boxing match with him. With his excellent body, he could outfight you with a single blow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outfit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasadiye poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> provide with amenities; equip, fit out, rig out, supply, furnish with, provide with, stock with, provision<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennaale muTinja aLavu viiTTule vasadiye ellaam poruttiyirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have outfitted the house with as many amenities as I can.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outflank</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( )</B> <font size=+1>((tiTiirNNu) vaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> go around s.o. and attack; move round the side of (an enemy) so as to outmaneuver them; outwit<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiirNNu pattu peeru engaLe vaLeccikkiTTu aTikka aarambicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly we were outflanked by this mob of ten guys, who started to beat up on us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outfox</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> deceive; cheat; trick<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan appaTi tandiramaa enne eemaattinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He outfoxed me by that maneuver</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nari veele seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> gain an advantage with tricks; defeat or deceive s.o. by being more clever or cunning than they are; outwit.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda aaLe nambavee kuuTaadu. nari veele seyradule periya aaLu ivar</font><br> <font size=+1>We shouldn't trust this guy; he specializes in outfoxing others</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outlast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTittiru)</font> 7 intr <br> last longer than other things; remain longer than usual<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasiyal vaadingaLooTe sele avangaLooTa neneve viTi romba naaL niiTiccirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Statues of politicians tend to outlast the memories people have of them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outlaw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> declare s.t. unlawful; restrict legally the use of practice of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga maanilattule madu arundrade aTikkaTi taTe senjiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Drinking is outlawed in many places in our state</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outline</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varambu kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> draw a line around the border of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>taaLule eTadu pakkamum valadu pakkamum taaraaLamaa varambu kaTTikkiTTu adukkuLLe ezuda aarambiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>Outline the paper on the left and right and start writing inside</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTikkaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> indicate the important points of s.t.; epitomize<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puttahattule mukkiya karuttu ennenna irukkuNNu naanga suTTikkaaTTinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We outlined all the important points in this book</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outlive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(romba naaLu vaaz)</font> 2 intr <br> live longer than usual; live longer than others<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ivarukku tonnuuttanji vayasu aahudu. niccayamaa ivar ivarooTe baalya sneeydangaLeviTa romba naaL vaazndukiTTirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He is 95 years old. He must have outlived all his friends</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outnumber</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((eNNikke) adihamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be larger in number than usual; exceed, be larger in number than s.t. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippellaam pombalengaLooTe eNNikke aambLangaLooTe eNNikkeye viTa adihamaayiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>These days women have come to outnumber men [in educational institutions]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outrage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maanabanga paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. very angry by outrageious behavior; treat s.o. in the worst possible manner; degrade s.o.'s respect<br> !<br> <font size=+1>nii enne patti ellaarkiTTeyum illaadadeyum pollaadadeyum solli enne maanabanga paTuttiTTe!</font><br> <font size=+1>That just outraged me the way you said all sorts of bad things about me in front of everybody!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outreach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> surpass the limits; exceed the limits; outstrip<br> <br> <font size=+1>urbattikki meele teeve peruhiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Demand (necessity) outreached the supply</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eey)</font> 2b tr <br> get better of with skills or tricks; reach further than; have further reach than s.t. else; outdo; go beyond<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan yaareyaavadu eecciTTu tannooTe kaariyatte saadicciTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He always outreaches others and gets the job done (better)</font><br> 1) ~( f .)~ (pittalaaTTam seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outrun</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleterikka ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> go beyond o's limit; run faster or farther than; escape from<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kudire oru kaTTuppaaTum illaama tale terikka ooTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Without any controls, this horse tends to outrun (others)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outsource</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttakekki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> lease s.t. out; farm s.t. out; deputize<br> <font size=+1>Many software companies outsource their projects to consultants.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outstay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTare pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> stay longer in a place than normal or is welcome<br> ! . <br> <font size=+1>tappi tavari en maamaave un viiTTukku kuuppiTTuTaade. avar un viiTTTleeyee paTTare pooTTuTuvaar. naharavee maaTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't invite my uncle to your house by any means. He'll outstay his welcome and won't ever leave</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outstrip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(midaminji vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> grow beyond the bounds of s.t.; outgrow<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa tambi nereye paNam sambaadicci enga kuTumbattule ellaareyum viTa midaminji vaLanduTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My younger brother outstripped everyone in our family as far as his wealth was concerned</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outwear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nallaa oze)</font> 6b intr <br> the tendency or quality of certain cloth to remain in good condition for a long time; provide longer wear than s.t. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>nailaan saTTeye viTa parutti saTTedaan nallaa ozekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The cotton shirts outwear the nylon shirts</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>outwit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> deceive, excel, or defeat by greater ingenuity; outsmart, outmaneuver, outplay, steal a march on, trick, gull, get the better of; (inf.) outfox, pull a fast one on, put one over on<br> . , <br> <font size=+1>en mahan romba keTTikkaaran. paTippileyaa irukkaTTum, veLayaaTTileyaa irukkaTTum. ellaareyum taTTikkiTTu poovaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My son is very clever. He outwits everyone both in studies and in games</font><br> 1) (aTiccikkiTTu poo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>over (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(midi)</font> 2b intr <br> be excessive, exceed the limit, abound, be left over<br> <br> <font size=+1>en sambaLattule maasaa maasam konjam paNamtaan miidi paTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I only have a small amount left over from my salary each month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overact</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kulukku)</font> 3 intr <br> strut, put on foppish airs, act flamboyantly or melodramatically; ham it up; put on the dog<br> <br> <font size=+1>vara vara tamiz naTiheynga rombadaan kulukkuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>More often than not, Tamil cinema actresses tend to overact</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLukku)</font> 3 intr <br> behave ostentatiously, put on airs, be affected or melodramatic<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naaTaha naTihe aLavukku adihamaa taLukkiraa</font><br> <font size=+1>that actress puts on too many airs and overacts all the time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTikkiTTu naTi)</font> 6b intr <br> act with exaggeration gestures and facial expressions; ham it up; act melodramatically; get all worked up about s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda aaLukku idudaan modal sinimaa, adaan rombavum alaTTikkiTTu naTikkiraan</font><br> <font size=+1>This is the first time this person is acting in a movie. This is why he's overacting</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overbearing, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> browbeat s.o., put pressure on s.o. to make them concede defeat<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga sodandiramaa edeyum solla muTiyaama enga vaattiyaar engaLeyellaam kaTTuppaTuttiTuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Our teacher is very overbearing with us and doesn't let us speak freely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overbid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aniyaayattukku kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> offer too high a price for s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>onakku tuNiye pattiyee oNNum teriyaadu. nii eppavumee aniyaayattukku paNam kuTuttu vaangiTuvee</font><br> <font size=+1>You don't know anything about clothes. You always overbid and pay too high a price</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overburden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((taleye) somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. carry or do too much<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ide seyyi ade seyyiNNu aayiram veeleye en taleyle somattunaa naan eppaTi seyya muTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>If you overburden me with tons of work, how can I accomplish anything?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overbuy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((oreeyaTiyaa) vaangi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> buy s.t. in excess, more than one can afford or needs<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe maneviyooTe kaTekki poonaa adu iduNNu oreeyaTiyaa vaangittaLLiTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>If I go with my wife for shopping, she always overbuys things!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overcapitalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((adihamaa) moTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> invest more money than warranted<br> .<br> <font size=+1>tozil meele irunda aarvattule naan paaTTukku aLavukku adihamaa paNatte moTakkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>With very high aspirations for the business, I overcapitalized and spent too much money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overcast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mappuppooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be completely covered, as the sky with clouds etc.; be dark as a cloud covered sky<br> <br> <font size=+1>maanam mappu pooTTu oree iruTTaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The sky is overcast so it's very dark in here!</font><br> 1) (vaanam muuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overcharge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTa vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> set higher prices than usual; ask more than the average price; cheat by setting higher prices than warranted<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga teruvule irukkra kaTeyile matta kaTeyellaam viTa ellaa poruLukkum veleye adihamaa pooTTu paNatte kuuTa vaangiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The store in my street overcharges--its prices are higher than any other store</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saktiyuuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> give too much of power than needed<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>inda kaarooTe beeTTarikki adihamaa karanT kuTuttuTTaanga poolarukku. aTikkaTi poheyudu!</font><br> <font size=+1>It looks like the battery has been overcharged in this car--it even seems to be emitting smoke a lot!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overcome</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miiLu)</font> 1 intr <br> be redeemed, cured; becconquered, defeated, vanquished, beaten, be victorious over, gain a victory over, prevail over, get the better of, triumph over, best, worst, trounce, rout, gain mastery over, m<br> <br> <font size=+1>uunangaLe miiNTu avan vaazkeyle saadiccu irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has succeeded in life after overcoming his handicaps</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(miiNTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> get the better of s.t.; triumph over; be victorious over s.t.<br> , , <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa vaazkkeyle varume, nooy, veruppuNNu ellaa praccaneyeyum miiNTu vandirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>In my life I have overcome poverty, sickness, and hatred</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overcook</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koze)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to make ( a meal of rice, wheat, ragi, etc.) soft or mushy; macerate<br> <br> <font size=+1>marumaha arisi sootte eppavum kozeyavacciTuraaNNu maamiyaarukku oree koobam</font><br> <font size=+1>The mother-in-law is really angry because her daughter-in-law always overcooks the rice</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overestimate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oyarvaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> consider s.t. better than s.t. else; overvalue s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungaLukku unga marumahaLeviTa mahadaan oyarvaa iruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>One always overestimates one's daughter in comparison to one's daughter-in-law</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overflow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pongivazi)</font> 2b intr <br> bubble up; be bubbley (of persons); be in high spirits, sparkle<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga aNile urcaaham pongivaziyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Enthusiasm is overflowing in our team</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pongi vazi)</font> 2b intr <br> flow copiously; abound with; stream forth<br> <br> <font size=+1>virivurekku pinaale en manasile cintanaihaL pongi vazikirana</font><br> <font size=+1>My mind was overflowing with thoughts after the lecture</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(midaminji vazi)</font> 2 intr <br> exceed the boundary or s.t.; overwhelm<br> <br> <font size=+1>nikka kuuTa eTamillaama uur muzusum oree kuuTTam midaminji vaziyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>A large crowd is overflowing the (limits of the) town without even a place left to stand in</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pongivazi)</font> 6b intr <br> be plentiful or copious; be wreathed with, as a face<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaviri mohattule sandoosham pongivaziyudee</font><br> <font size=+1>Kaviri's face is overflowing with joy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overgrown, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maNTu)</font> 3 i <br> be too much or in excess<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayalle kale nereye maNTiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The field is overgrown with weeds.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overindulge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTikkaTi kuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> drink often; tipple; booze; hit the bottle, be on the wagon; wet o's whistle<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan aTikkaTi kuTiccaa boode vandu viiTTukku vazi teriyaama tavippaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he overindulges, he gets befuddled and can't find his way home</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overlook</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paattiru)</font> 7 tr <br> look towards, have a view of; give on, onto<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda arai tooTTatte paattirukkudu, adanaale ronbavum amaediyaa irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This room overlooks the garden, so it's very quiet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overtake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mundu)</font> 3 tr <br> be or go before the rest; overtake; precede<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan avane ooTTa pandayattule munduneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I overtook him in the race</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overturn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavuz)</font> 6 tr <br> turn upside down, capsize; knock over, upset<br> ; .<br> <font size=+1>inda paattaratte kavuzkkaade; adule irukkra paal sindiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't overturn this bowl. The milk in it will spill.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overturned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTesaayi)</font> 2b intr <br> be turned upside down (of carts)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattule anda karihaa vaNTi koTesaanjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the wind, the grocery carts got overturned.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overweight, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paruttuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become fat, fleshy; become corpulent, obese; gain weight excessively<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTambu paruttuTaama irukka denam niiccal aTikkareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I swim daily so that I don't become overweight</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overwhelm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teNaraTi)</font> 6b tr <br> make powerless or confused; devastate<br> <br> <font size=+1>aanandooTa aaTTam kaarpoove teNaraTiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Anand's game overwhelmed Karpov</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>overwhelmed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehe)</font> 6 intr <br> be bewildered, dazed, or dazzled, (inf.) be blown away<br> j <br> <font size=+1>taajmahaalooTa azahe paattu en appaa teheccuppoonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father was just overwhelmed by the beauty of the Taj Mahal</font><br> 1) (maleccuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tikkumukkaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> feel choked or smothered, as with surprise, pleasure, joy, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaNavangallaam romba viiTTuppaaTattule tikkumukkaaTuhiraarhaL</font><br> <font size=+1>The students are overwhelmed by the level of homeworks they get</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veyappaTe)</font> 2 intr <br> be overwhelmed with astonishment, be surprised, astonished, taken aback; (inf.) be blown away<br> d <br> <font size=+1>tendulkarooTa aaTTam iNNekki ellaareyum veyappaTeyavaccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tendulkar's play overwhelmed everyone present today</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maleccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be downcast, dejected, depressed, glum, downhearted, disheartened, discouraged, dispirited, despondent, disappointed, disconsolate, in the doldrums, down in the dumps<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTiccu muTikkaveeNTiya pustahatte ellaam paattu enakku maleccu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>When I saw all the books I had to study and assimilate, I was overwhelmed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olaattu)</font> 3 intr <br> wander up and down; walk around to occupy o.s. while waiting<br> <br> <font size=+1>reyilu varadukku innum are maNi neeram irukkungradunaale ellaarum ingeyum angeyumaa olaattikkiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the train was going to be at least another half hour late, everybody in the train station was pacing up and down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTipooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> measure by o's foot<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda are evvaLavu niiLamNu aTipooTTu sollunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Pace off the floor and tell me the length of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pacify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaadaanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> placate, reconcile; mollify; conciliate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ericcalaTenja en freNTe samaadaanapaTuttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to pacify my friend after he got irritated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ; </B> <font size=+1>(taNi; tavir)</font> 6b tr <br> relieve, allay, calm, appease<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa munkoovatte naantaan konjam konjamaa tavutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was able to pacify him little by little and get him to cool down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aasuvaasa paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. calm, quiet and satisfied with s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande azudukkiTTee irukkradunaale taay paaTTu paaTi aasuvaasappaTuttikkiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the child was crying, the mother pacified him by singing songs</font><br> 1) (kuul paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peTTiyle (poTTiyle) vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put s.t. into containers, boxes; pack s.t. into a suitcase<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan payaNattukku munnaale ennooTa tuNimaNingaLe poTTile vecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I packed my clothes in a suitcase before my trip.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> stuff in; jam s.t. into a confined space; cram or crowd in<br> j <br> <font size=+1>aLavukku miiri saamaangaLe tiNicci inda paiyyi kizinjiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>This bag is torn from having too much stuff packed into it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTe kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move quickly due to some pressure or force<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze varum poolarukku. siikkramaa ellaarum viiTTukku muuTTe kaTTaveeNTiyadudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>It looks like it's going to rain; we'd better pack up and leave for home</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pack up/away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put things in a compact form; put things in boxes, bags, storage containers, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>poTTi paTukkeyeyellaam kaTTikkiTTu enga keLambiTTiinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where are you off to now that you've got all your stuff packed away?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pad</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> embellish or fill out o's speech, talk, resume etc. with unnecessary words or phrases<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinga solrade surukkamaa sollaNum. adeyum ideyum solli niiTTikkiTTee poohaadiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to say things more concisely; don't pad your speech with all kinds of blather and jibber-jabber</font><br> 1) (vaLa vaLa) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(miruduvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> line or cover with soft materials esp. cotton, foam, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda peTTi enakku rombavum puTiccirukku. ellaa pakkamum panje tiNicci miruduvaakkyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>I like this box very much---it's padded on all sides with cotton</font><br> 1) (mettuNNu aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi toTar)</font> 2 tr <br> move along with s.o.; follow s.o. on foot<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan saikkille meduvaa pooneen. ennooTe naayi enne vazi toTandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was going along very slowly on my bike with my dog padding along behind me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>paddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTuppu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> row a canoe or a small boat gently, without definite destination<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTaikkaanal eerile oru paTahule okkaandukkiTTu tuTuppu pooTradu enakku puTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>I very much enjoy just paddling around in boats on the lake at Kodaikkanal</font><br> 1) (tuTuppu vali) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aLe)</font> 6b intr <br> move o's legs back and forth in water aimlessly<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandengaLukku taNNiile ukkaandukiTTu taNNiye aLeccikkiTTirukkradu romba puTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Children like to sit in the water and just paddle their feet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>page (see paginate)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>page (through)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkatte peraTTu (poraTTu))</font> 3 intr <br> turn pages randomly, casually<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanum paTikreeNNu peerukku pakkatte poraTTikkiTTirundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was just paging through the book, pretending to read</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>paginate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkam pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> number pages of a book or notebook; paginate<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda pakkattukku sariyaavee pakkam pooTale. iruppadukku appram irubatti muuNu vandurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This book hasn't been paginated properly--page twenty three appears right after twenty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vali)</font> 6b intr <br> hurt, suffer feel pain or discomfort<br> , <br> <font size=+1>enakku kaalellaam oree valiyaa valikkudu, naTakkavee muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>It hurts a lot in my leg---I can barely walk</font><br> 1) (noohu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vali)</font> 6b intr <br> be psychically painful or unpleasant; feel pain mentally or figuratively<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>tenamum kaaleyile enne paattu naalu vaartte peesiTTu pooradu onakku valikkudaa? enne paattum paakkaamalee pooree</font><br> <font size=+1>Does it pain you to have a little conversational exchange as we do every morning? You act like you're avoiding me or something</font><br> 1) (noohu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>paint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayamaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> apply paint, pigment, cosmetics; apply ointments, medicines, esp. to skin<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNTihe varadunaale viiTTe saayamaTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the festival is approaching, we need to paint our house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> smear, daub, anoint<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda periya kadavukku manja nera varNatte puusinaa romba nallaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If we paint the big door yellow it'll look nice.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> color, apply paint, whitewash, stain etc.; daub<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda viiTTukku niila varNam tiiTTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>they're painting that house blue</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTam vare)</font> 2b tr <br> make a picture of s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo tanjaavuur koovile tatruubamaa paTam varenjirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone has painted a vibrant picture of the Tanjore temple</font><br> 1) (paTam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(puuccu puusu)</font> 3 intr <br> add some color on doors or walls using paints<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTukku sehappuleyum pacceyleyum azahaa puuccu puusiyirukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have painted our house in beautiful shades of red and green</font><br> 1) ~( )~ (peyiNT aTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(puuccup puucu)</font> 3 intr <br> adorn o's face with colorful cosmetics; make o.s. up; apply makeup<br> <br> <font size=+1>denamum kaaleyile mohattule puuccu puusuradukkaaha are maNi neeram eTuttukkuvaa ennooTa tangecci</font><br> <font size=+1>My sister takes almost a half an hour every morning to paint her face</font><br> 1) ~( )~ (peyiNT aTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pair</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jooTi seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> make or cause s.t. to stand in pairs; double up; yoke s.t. together<br> j <br> <font size=+1>eerileyum vaNTiyileyum puuTTradukku inda maaTTukku innoru maaTTe jooTi seekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to pair this ox with another one in order to use them for plowing or for pulling a cart</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pair (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jooTi pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> arrange in two's; line up two by two<br> j <br> <font size=+1>niingaLellaarum reNTu reNTu peeraa jooTi pooTTukkiTTu nillunga</font><br> <font size=+1>You all pair off and stand there</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pal (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jooTi pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> unite as friends; get along with s.o.; spend time as pals<br> ! j <br> <font size=+1>paravaayilleye! on mahanum en mahanum nallaa jooTi pooTTukkiTTu veLeyaaTikkiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It's nice that your son and my son are palling up with each other and playing nicely together</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pale</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangu)</font> 3 intr <br> seem less important; seem less in value when compared to s.t. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>iTikkra iTiyle viiTee iTinjiTumoongra bayattule veLLatte paTTina bayam konjam mangiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Their fears about the results of the flood paled in comparison with their fear of what the heavy thunderstorm might do to their houses</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiru)</font> 3 intr <br> change facial expression esp. due to fear, embarassment, shock; lose color from face<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayil vibatte paatta ellaarooTa mohamum appaTiye veLirippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone's face paled when they saw the effects of the train crash</font><br> 1) (biidiyaTe) 2b intr<br> 2)( ) ((neRam) mangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sali)</font> 6b intr <br> lose interest in s.t. due to repetitiousness, boredom, etc.; become less appealing or interesting through familiarity; lose attraction, cloy, become tedious, boring, or tiresome<br> <br> <font size=+1>oree paaTTeyee denamum keeTTu keeTTu engaLukku saliccu poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>Listening to the same song over and over again, it kind of palled on us after a while</font><br> 1) ~ .~ (booraTi) 6b intr<br> 2) (saliccip poo) 3b intr<br> 3) (veruttup poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>palliate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> lessen the effect of s.t. esp. diseases while not completely curing it; lessen the seriousness or extent of s.t.; extenuate, mitigate, relieve, assuage (pain, suffering, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>puttu nooyaale vara valiye maTTuppaTuttradukkudaan marundu irukkee tavira ade aTiyooTa ozikka marundu varale</font><br> <font size=+1>There are medicines that can palliate the pain due to cancer, but there isn't any to alleviate it completely</font><br> 1) (taLattu) 3 tr<br> 2) (taNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>palm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLangeyaale mare)</font> 6b tr <br> hide s.t. in o's palm; steal s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiravaadi kaase oru uLLangeyile maracci iNNoru kaiyile eTukkraar</font><br> <font size=+1>The magician palms the coin in one hand and takes it out of the other</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>palm off (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiye mare)</font> 6b intr <br> cheat s.o.; sell s.o. s.t. of lesser value than expected<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanavar kaiye maracci azuhuna pazatteyellaam vittuTTaar inda kaTekkaarar</font><br> <font size=+1>The merchant palmed off all the rotten fruits on the old unsuspecting man</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>palpate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTTu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> test s.o. esp. for temperature and pulse by touching, thumping, or tapping<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla vaittiyar toTTu paattee viyaadi ennaNNu solliTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>A good doctor can diagnose a disease sometimes just by palpating the patient's body in various places</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>palpitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> beat quickly and irregularly, as the heart; pound; experience palpitations; tremble<br> <br> <font size=+1>veehamaa ooTi vandadule ennooTa idayam veehamaat tuTikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I came running so fast, my heart is palpitating</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat irregularly; move back and forth rapidly; tremble; shake, shake like a leaf, quiver, twitch; quaver, waver;<br> <br> <font size=+1>idayam eppavum tuTiccukiTTee irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The heart is palpitating a lot of the time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>palsy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTakku vaadamaTe)</font> 2 intr <br> be affect by palsy (a condition marked by uncontrollable tremor of the body)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa taatta moTakku vaadam vandu romba naal paTutta paTukkaiyaa keTandaar</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather became palsied and for many days had to stay in bed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pamper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nalla obasaraNe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> treat s.o. very kindly; wait on s.o. hand and foot; extend excessive hospitality<br> . <br> <font size=+1>en pakkattu viiTTukkaararooTa manevi romba nalla maadiri. avanga viiTTukku varavangaLeyellaam nalla obasaraNe seyvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My neighbor's wife is very kind---she pampers all their visitors</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pan</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sallaTe pooTTu sali)</font> 6b tr <br> filter s.t. out of s.t., esp. sand, stones; sift out, strain<br> <br> <font size=+1>arisiye sallaTa pooTTu salicci kalleyellaam eTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You have to sift and pan the rice and remove all the stones</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pan out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 3b intr <br> succeed, progress, proceed, develop; take shape, as the development of a story, a movie, construction of a house, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>idu vareyleyum viiTu nallaa taan vandirukku. pooha poohattaan eppaTiyirukkumoo teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Things have panned out very nicely so far with the house, but we don't know how it will take shape as time goes on</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pander</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavarukku vazipoo)</font> 3b intr <br> act as a panderer; exploit and cater to the weaknesses and vices of others<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa edirviiTTukkaararooTa mahan paTikkaama uure suttikkiTTu tappukku vazi pooykkiTTiruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of going to school, my neighbor's son is always hanging around pandering to others</font><br> 1) (puTiccip pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLeccu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> exploit s.o's weakness; use s.o. for o's own purposes<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereya taNNip pooTuvaaruNNu onnooTa freNTukku romba taNNi vaangi kuTuttu avane on pakkam vaLecci pooTTukkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't pander to your friend by buying him drinks when you know he drinks too much</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>panic</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(biidiyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> get confused due to fear; lose the ability to function rationally because of fear; be frozen with fear<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiirNu naalu peeru tuppaakkyooTa viiTTukkuLLe nozanjavoTane enakku kaiyum ooTaama kaalum ooTaama biidiyaTenjiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I panicked when the four men entered the house with guns, and just stood there motionlesslessly</font><br> 1) (dihilaTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu vaangu)</font> 3 intr 3 pn + dative <br> inhale; breathe with difficulty; gasp for breath; breathe in gasps<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan veehamaa oTinadunaale enakku muuccuvaangiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was panting from running so fast.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(erekka erekka peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> attempt to speak while out of breath; gasp and gulp breath etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veehamaa ooTi vandu erekka erekka peesinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After running so fast he could only pant out the words</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pant after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavi)</font> 6b intr <br> desire, covet, or long for s.t. very intensely; be dying for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppaTiyaavadu modal parise vaangaNumNu oru varushamaa taviyaa tavicci modal parisa vaangiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've been absolutely panting after the first prize for the past year and finally I got it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>paper (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaL pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> cover wtih paper and hide s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sovatteyellaam taaL pooTTu marecci vaccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The entire wall has been papered over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>parachute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTeppiTiccu erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> jump from flying aircraft equipped with parachutes; bail out, leave, abandon<br> <br> <font size=+1>vimaanattule eedoo kooLaaruNNu terinjavoTane ellaarum koTeppuTicci erangiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody parachuted out of the plane as soon as they realized there was a problem</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>parade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTe pazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> walk with elaborate or dramatic gestures, esp. in fancy clothing; walk to show s.t. off<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu poTave kaTTiyirukkuraaLngradukkaaha ingeyum angeyumaa ava naTe pazahikkiTTirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is parading up and down to make sure everyone sees her new sari</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aNitiraNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> gather and move in rows or regular formation, (esp. milit.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>sudandiradina vizaava koNTaaTa maaNavanga ellaarum koTikkambatte sutti azahaa aNiteraNTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>On Independance Day, all the students paraded neatly around with the national flag in the center</font><br> 1) (aNivahuppu naTattu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pahaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> show off, make others aware of s.o's knowledge, circumstances, wealth, talents, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanakkuttaan ellaam teriyumNNu edirviiTTukkaari pahaTTikkiTTeeyiruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The woman next door always makes a big deal of all her special talents, and parades it in front of everybody</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>participate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalandukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> take part, join<br> <br> <font size=+1>vizaavule aarvamaa kalandukiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They participated enthusiastically in the festivities</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pass (s.o.) by</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alacciyam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> neglect; fail to give proper care or attention to; fail to look after, fail to provide for, abandon, forsake, leave alone<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ava een ippaTi ahangaaram puTiccu enne alacciyam seyyaraa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is she being so arrogant and passing me by?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pass away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(settuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> die; cease to exist, expire, breathe o's last<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona maasam anda vayasaanavaru settuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The old man passed away last month</font><br> 1) ~( b g)~ (settu poo @Nb intr@) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kazi)</font> 2b intr <br> pass away; go by, as time; while away; fade into the past; be gone with the wind<br> <br> <font size=+1>soozarkaLooTa sezippaana porkaalam kazinjiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The golden era of the Cholas has passed away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalamaahu)</font> 3b intr 3pn + dat <br> die; expire<br> <br> <font size=+1>sundareesan kaalamaayi oru varusham aayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is one year since Sundaresan passed away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>paste</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stick (e.g. a stamp), fasten by adhesion; make s.t. adhere to s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga maanaaTTukkaana veLamparatte nallaa pase pooTTu oTTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I pasted up the wall posters about our party Conference with good quality paste</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottaram kuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to be in contact; daub, rub, apply hotpacks<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>viingina kaNNukku iira tuNiye vacci ottaram kuTungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you pat your swollen eyes with a wet cloth?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pause</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTeveLi eerpaTu)</font> 3i <br> leave a break, gap or a pause in, as a speech; appear as a hiatus or interval;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar pukazperra peeccaaLar sonnadaka kuuriyapuroo eTeveLi eerpaTTadaale naanga avar aTuttu enna kuuruvaarunu yociccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>He paused after he quoted from a famous orator, leaving us to wonder what he would say next</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sengal paavu)</font> 3 tr <br> lay or pave with bricks (as of the roof, footpath, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeleyaaLu viiTTu kuureyle sengal paavinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The workman paved the roof with bricks.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kallu paavu)</font> 3 tr <br> pave with stones; cobble with cobblestones<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days they paved the roads with cobblestones, but they don't do that much any more.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>peck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> bite, as a snake or a bird<br> !<br> <font size=+1>kuruvi en pakkattule vandu tiTiir-nnu en kaalekk kottiTTu parandu pooccu!</font><br> <font size=+1>The sparrow came up to me, pecked me in the leg suddenly, and flew away!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>perform</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(sey@(1 t)@)</font> 2b tr <br> discharge, as o's functions of office<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa veeleye ozungaa seyyaraaLaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Is she performing her job properly?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi)</font> 2 t <br> do; make; carry out<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga enda vidamaana veeleye seyya virumburiinga</font><br> <font size=+1>What kind of work do you wish to perform?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do; perform; carry out<br> <br> <font size=+1>eLangoovan enda veele kuTuttaalum aarvattooTa seyvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ilangovan performs whatever task is given to him with great enthusiasm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>perjure o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sattiyam senjiTTu poy sollu)</font> 3 intr <br> commit perjury; swear falsely<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naan namma ellaareyum nallapaTiyaa viiTTile seerppeeNNu sattiyam senjeen. naan sattiyam senjiTTu poy sonnadaa aayiTakuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I swore that I would lead us safely home and I do not mean to purjure myself</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>personify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvahappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> act the part of; convincingly assume the role of s.t.; embody totally the personality of s.o. else<br> <font size=+1>One could say that Hitler absolutely personified evel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>persuade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uTpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> involve, cause s.t. (as a conviction, opinion, belief) to enter, as the mind<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He persuaded me to study linguistics instead of chemistry, and I'm glad I did</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>perturbed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be uneasy, be upset<br> <br> <font size=+1>seydi keeTTa oTanee ava manam kalangiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She became perturbed on hearing the news</font><br> 1) (gavaleppaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be uneasy<br> <br> <font size=+1>seydi keeTTa oTanee ava manam kalangiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She became perturbed on hearing the news</font><br> 1) (gavaleppaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> stroke affectionately, caress<br> .<br> <font size=+1>anda puunwye konjam taTavi kuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Pet that kitten a little.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>petrify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kallaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> (of heart) turn into a stone; (of body) become toughened and hard<br> <font size=+1>His heart has turned to stone and petrified</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>phone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(foonle kuuppuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> speak to by means of a telephone; give s.o. a telephone call; ring s.o. using a telephone<br> <br> <font size=+1>raadaave foonle kuupTu peesi paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Try phoning Radha and talk to her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piyyi)</font> 2 intr <br> snap, pinch off; pluck<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enakku marattuleendu oru puuve piiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He picked a flower off the tree for me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6b tr <br> pluck or gather (flowers)<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooTTattuleendu puu pariciTTu vareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll go pick flowers from the garden and be right back</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6 tr <br> gather flowers/fruits<br> <br> <font size=+1>puuvyaabaari mallihepuuve pariccu denamum teruvule vippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Flower merchants pick the jasmine blossoms daily and sell them on the streets.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pick (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> suggest; indicate, designate; choose from among alternates<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyil tiruvizaavukku aTutta varusham oru nalla naaLu kurippuTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They'll pick a good day for the temple festival next year</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pick out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri)</font> 6b tr <br> suggest, indicate, augur, select; betoken<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe poNNu kalyaaNattukku nalla naaLu kuricceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I picked an auspicious day for my daughter's wedding</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pickle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uppule iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cure or preserve by treating with salt or brine; salt down<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>elumiccampazatte uppile iTappooriingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Are you going to pickle these lemons?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pierce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uusiyaale kuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> insert s.t. sharp so as to make an aperture or break; push through s.t. using a needle or other sharp instrument; stick s.t. with a sharp instrument<br> <br> <font size=+1>baluune uusiyaale kuttinavoTane paTaarNu veTiccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The balloon burst as soon as it was pierced</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pig out on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNNi maadiri saappiTu)</font> 4 tr, intr <br> eat like a pig; make a pig of o.s.; gorge o.s.; pork out<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan koozi kariye paNNi maadiri caappiTTaan, aanaalum saappaaTTu raaman pandiyattule jeyttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He pigged out on chicken wings, but he won the gluttony contest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pilfer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> steal, snitch, swipe, purloin, nip, pinch; help o.s. to<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aaLu tanakku veeNTiyade appappo kaTele tiruTikkivaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He just pilfers things from the shop whenever he needed stuff</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pin down; get s.o. caught; button down; leak information about s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda rahasiyatte mattapeeriTTe solli enne maaTTi viTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't pin me down by revealing my secret to others.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTeye eTuttu viTu)</font> 6 intr <br> remove the stones or pits from<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>These cherries need to be pitted before we make the dessert</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pitch in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTi poo)</font> 3 intr <br> join together in work; cooperate to complete a task; join forces to contribute<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum oNNaa oTTippoonaadaan enda veeleyeyum siikkramaavum nallaavum muTikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Only if everyone pitches in can all the work be done fast and well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>plan</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> block out, lay out, or sketch out plans<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru nalla arasaangam makkaLukkaaha nalla tiTTam pooTum</font><br> <font size=+1>A good government will make good plans for the welfare of people</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTamiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> devise; arrange, organize, line up, schedule, program<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTahatte eppaTi naTattalaamNu tiTTamiTTuTTu irukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are planning how to present the drama</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>plan, make (a)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tandram paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> plot; scheme; put o's heads together; cf. also: arrange, organize, line up, schedule, program.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>tandram paNNi eppaTiyaadu jeyikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to make a plan and win somehow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>plant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vede)</font> 6b tr <br> sow; put forward; implant, disseminate (false ideas, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>en maamiyaar manasule yaaroo keTTa eNNangaLe vedaccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody has planted false thoughts in my mother-in-law's mind</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTu)</font> 4 intr <br> sow; cultivate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan inda varushattule maTTum kaaTTule nuuru maratte naTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has planted a hundred trees this year alone.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>plaster</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaare pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> join or cover walls with mortar (a mixture of lime, sand and water)<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum viiTTe simeNT pooTTu kaTTraanga. ivar ennaTaaNNaa innamum tannooTe viiTTukku kaarepooTTukkiTTirukkaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone builds houses with cement these days, but this guy still plasters the exterior</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>play</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mirudangam vaasi)</font> 6b tr <br> play on the mridangam<br> <br> <font size=+1>unakku mirudangam vaasikka teriyumaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know to play the mridangam?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>plead</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTikkoo@(shb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> beseech; entreat; urge or beg earnestly;<br> <br> <font size=+1>pinaikkaidi iirakkulerundu paTeye ellaam tirumbavaangaNumNu tannooTa arasukiTTe veeNTikiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The hostage pleaded with her government to withdraw its troops from Iraq.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kenju)</font> 3 tr <br> supplicate; solicit; ask humbly; beg, beseech<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu kenjiyum yaarum odave munvarale</font><br> <font size=+1>Though I pleaded and begged, nobody came forward to help me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pleasant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anbaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be charming, attractive in personality, manners, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTTukku poonaalum nii ellaarkiTTeyum anbaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should be pleasant to everyone, even when you go abroad</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(inimeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be pleasing, esp. to smell; be delightful; be aromatic, be sweet<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayalin isai keekkavee inimaiyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The sound of the violin is pleasing to hear</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pledge (o.s.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakkurudi aLi)</font> 6b tr <br> promise; cf. also give o's word, give o's assurance, swear, vow, take an oath, contract.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaashmiir praccneye tiirppeeNNu pradamar vaakkurudi aLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The prime minister pledged himself to find a solution to the Kashmir problem</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>plentiful (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siinduvaarattukkeTa)</font> 4 tr <br> be profuse, rampant; lie around uncared for, be abundant, be copious<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavule sela arasiyal kaccinga siinduvaar yaarum illaame appaTiyee keTakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Political parties in India that nobody cares to belong to are plentiful</font><br> 1) (mihu) 2 intr<br> 2) (seri) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>plot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> plan, arrange; calculate<br> g <br> <font size=+1>avanga vangiye naaLekki tiruTa tiTTamiTTirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have plotted to rob the bank tomorrow.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>plug (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(takkeyaale muuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop up or close with a plug or stopper<br> !<br> <font size=+1>niiru vazinju koTTradukku munnaale ade takkeyaale muuTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Plug that with a stopper before the water overflows!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>plug away (at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooraaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> strive hard or struggle with; try hard, attempt, endeavor, make (an/every) effort, exert o.s., do o's best, do all one can, do o's utmost, labor, toil, strain, struggle, bend over backward; (inf.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna sramam irundaalum pooraaTuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter what obstacles arise, I will keep plugging away at them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>point out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTTu sollu @(Nc tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> refer, point to; indicate. show<br> <br> <font size=+1>tirukkuraLule muuNu paal irukkudu appaTiNNu avaru kurippiTTu sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He pointed out that there are three sub-sections in the ethical Tamil literary work known as the Thirukkural</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>poison</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veshatte kala)</font> 7 tr <br> drug; adulterate; drop a poisonous drug or poison in (food or drink)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saappaaTTule veshatte kalandu naaye kollappaattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He poisoned the food and tried to kill the dog</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>poke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pat, strike gently; jab, punch<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuungiTTu irunda maanavane vaadyaaru taTTi ezuppinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The professor poked the student who was sleeping and woke him up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>polish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> brighten, make brighter by cleaning, rubbing, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTule irunda nahengaLe neettu naan veLakkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I polished the jewelery we have at home yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paLicciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> scrub, shine; apply wax; buff<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelekkaari ennooTa viiTTu tareye paLicciTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The servant-maid polished the floor of my house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meruhu eettu)</font> 3 tr <br> rub, brighten (metal)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava pittaLe paatturangaLe meruhu eettinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She polished her brass utensils.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tolakku)</font> 3 tr <br> scrub, clean brightly<br> <br> <font size=+1>palle denamum tolakkradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is good to polish your teeth every day.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(mazamazappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make or press until smooth and glazed<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paatturatte toTeccu toTeccu mazamazappaakkinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She wiped and polished the bowls until they were gleaming. </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ponder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aazndu nene)</font> 6b tr <br> think hard about s.t.; think deep thoughts; cogitate; think about, contemplate, consider, review, reflect on, mull over, meditate on, muse on, deliberate about, dwell on, brood on, ruminate on, chew<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe praccanehaLe patti aazndu neneccu paattaa varuttamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I feel sorrowful when I ponder the problems I have</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>portray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sittari)</font> 6b tr <br> show; delineate; make a representation of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar naaval vaazkkayettaan sittarikkidu</font><br> <font size=+1>His novel only portrays life as it is.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>possessed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeypiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> be bedevilled; be bewitched; have a spell cast over o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>saayangaalam koLattu pakkam poonaa peey puTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you go near a tank or pond in the evening, you're likely to be possessed by the devil.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peeypuTiccaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> whirl o's head through demonic possession (literally and figuratively)<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda uurule nereya peeru peey puTiccu aaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In that area there's a high incidence of people being possessed by devils and whirling in demonic states.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(peeyttanamaa naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> behave fiendishly or brutally; act irrationally; be under the influence of bad spirits, the devil, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>maasattule oru naaLu avan peey maari iruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Once a month or so he tends to get possessed and behaves in a brutish manner.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>postpone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLippooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put off, put aside, suspend, adjourn; table<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu tannooTa elavasa uNavu tiTTatte ippoodekki taLLivaccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>the government has postponed its free-meal scheme for the present</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put off; cast away; throw away; discard; get rid of<br> <br> <font size=+1>pariccekke paTikkrade idukku meele taLLi pooTTaa nalladille</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not good to postpone studying for your exams any longer.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ottippooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> adjourn, put off, suspend<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavooTa pradama mandiri tamiz naaTTukku varrade reNTu maasangaLukku ottivaccirukkraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Indian Prime Minister has now postponed his visit to Tamilnadu for two months</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pounce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paayi)</font> 2b intr <br> leap; jump (up)on; attack<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava aattirattule avan meele paanjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She pounced on him in anger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> crush in a mortar; beat in order to make powder or to remove husks<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kuziyammiyle nelle kuttinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She pounded the rice in the mortar</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pour</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozi)</font> 2b intr <br> precipitate, shower, gush; rain hard, rain heavily; rain cats and dogs, come down in buckets. <br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham maze balamaa poziyapoohuduNNu solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People are saying that rain is going to pour heavily this year</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>praise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> honor; acclaim; celebrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>pariiksheyile nalla maark vaanginadukkaaha en appaa enne paaraaTTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father praised me for scoring well on the examination</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pohazu)</font> 2 tr <br> laud, applaud, extol or eulogize; heap praise on<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>anda mandriye pala peer koNTaaTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people praised the minister.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> flatter, admire, congratulate, honor<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla kaariyangaLe inda naaTTukkaaha seyravangaLe poottaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We must praise those who work for the development of this country</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> jump; start suddenly; move up and down, as a ball; bob up and down<br> <br> <font size=+1>maanu azahaa tuLLiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fawn pranced in a very pretty way</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(minukku)</font> 3 tr <br> sashay; mince; show off<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu poTavele siitaa minukkuraaLee</font><br> <font size=+1>Sita is wearing a new saree and is prancing around (to show it off)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> beseech, beg the indulgence of; urge, solicit, entreat; ask for, request<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan denamum kaTavuLkiTTe nalla oTal nalattukkaaha veeNTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I pray to God daily for good health</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>predict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munnaaleeyee sollu)</font> 6 tr <br> foretell, forecast; prognosticate, call, forebode, anticipate, promise<br> <br> <font size=+1>teerdal muTivuhaLe munnaaleeyee sollamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's too early to predict the outcome of the election</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(munnari)</font> 2b tr <br> foresee, predict; see in advance; foretell<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nallavan ille appaTingrade naan munnarinjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I could have predicted that he wasn't a good man</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(munkuuTTiyee terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> augur, foretell, tell before hand<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLam varumNu arasaangam munkuuTTiyee teriviccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>the government has predicted that there will be flooding</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pregnant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seneyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> (of a female animal) be with young<br> <font size=+1>The cow is now pregnant and is expecting a calf soon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seneyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be pregnant (of female animals)<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maaTu seneyaa irundu tavikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cow is pregnant and suffering.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttari)</font> 6 intr <br> be with child (of women)<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava aaru maasamaa karuttarinjirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She has been pregnant for six months.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>preoccupied, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sindaneyaa(ha) iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be thoughtful, lost in thought; be melancholy or consumed by a thought, a problem, an issue<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maasam kuTukkaveeNTiya kaTane kuTukkaadanaale oree sindaneyaavee irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>As I didn't repay any loans this month, I am very preoccupied (with that problem)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prepare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaar seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> prepare; make or get ready; make fit<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en maaNavangaLe pooTTikki nallaa tayaar senjirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have prepared my students well for the examination</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaar paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make ready; provide with necessary outfit; outfit<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNa poNNe tayaar paNNa innum neeramaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take more time to prepare the bride</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaaraakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> get ready, roll up o's sleeves; arm o.s., take up the cudgel<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTeysi pariccekki unne tayaarpaTuttukradu unakku nalladu seyyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You would do well to start preparing for your final examination right now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prepare (for) war</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poorkoolam koLLavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> arm, equip a country, etc. with armaments<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavooTa elleyile irunda suuznele indiyaave poorkkoolam koLLavaccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The conditions that prevailed at the borders made India prepare for war with a certain neighbouring country</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prepared, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(tayaaraakkikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> arm o.s., equip o.s. with defenses; make preparations<br> . <br> <font size=+1>aTutta maasam IAS paricce varudu, nii nallaa tayaaraakkikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>You are going to take the IAS examination the next month, so be prepared for it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>preserve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> can; make into a preserve; put up<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>?</font><br> <font size=+1>In former times in this country, people preserved fruits and vegetables at the end of summer, for winter use.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>press</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> apply pressure to compact s.t.; crush by pressing; push hard on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba nerukki veccaa bomme oTanjiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The doll will break if you press on it too hard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> push; put pressure on; punch, touch<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pottaane azuttinaa kadavu torakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The door will open if you press this button.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pressure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> impel; rouse; incite; egg on<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTilaam peesa yaaroo avane tuuNTiviTaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somone is pressuring him to speak in such a manner</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pretend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paavane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> assume a role, simulate, put on; act as if; put on airs about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanakku nallaa mrudangam vaasikka teriyum appaTiNNu eedoo paavaneseyyraan; anda peervazi paavam</font><br> <font size=+1>That man pretends to know how to play the tabla, but I pity him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prevaricate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayirutiri)</font> 6b intr <br> lie; speak falsely; fabricate; spin a yarn; tell a lie, tell an untruth, tell a falsehood, perjure o.s., fib, tell a white lie, invent/make up a story, depart from the truth, be economical with the t<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prod</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pat gently on the back; flatter; urge; prompt; nag<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan edeyum taanaavee seyyamaaTTaan; avane eppoodum konjam taTTikuTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>He won't do anything by himself; you always need to prod him a little.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>produce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 4 tr <br> beget; give birth to; bring forth, as a child<br> <br> <font size=+1>miruhatteyellaam naama seeravaikkaleeNNa atellaam inavirutti senji kuTTihaLe perukkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The animals will not be able to produce any offspring if we don't allow them to mate</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>profitable, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(laabamaanadaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> turn or make a profit, be or become lucrative; be advantageous<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii ippa senjikiTTu varra nahe veevaaram laabamaanadaa irukkum appaTiNNu nenekkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think that the jewellery business that you are engaged in will become profitable</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>profitable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(laabam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> be lucrative; be yielding profit; be gainful<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tiTTam romba laabam kuTukkradaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The project turned out to be very profitable.</font><br> 1) (aadaayamaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(laabamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> advantageous, be<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki kampyuuTar tozil laabamaa irukkuNNaa adu konjamkuuTa mihe ille</font><br> <font size=+1>it is no exaggeration to say that nowadays computerization has made business profitable.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>promise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudisollu)</font> 3c tr <br> assure, reassure, guarantee; give o's word<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku anda pudu yuuniversiTiyle peeraasiriyaru padavi tarradaa urudi sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>they have promised me that a professorship will be designated for me in the new university</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>promote</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(munneettu)</font> 3 tr <br> egg on, cause to move forward or progress or rise in rank; promote<br> <font size=+1>He promoted his son-in-law in the business, someone who otherwise wouldn't have achieved much.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prompt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> induce; stimulate; encourage, prod, move, motivate, act as a stimulus/incentive/impetus/fillip/spur to, trigger, spark, spur on, galvanize, activate, kindle, fire, fire with enthusiasm, fuel, whet, n<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattyaarkiTTe peesippaaruNNu pasanga baaluve tuuNTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The students prompted Balu to talk to the teacher</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pronounce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(balamaa uccari)</font> 6b tr <br> say loudly and clearly (as a piece of dictation); say out; enunciate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiyaale ezudiyirukkra solhaLe balamaa uccari</font><br> <font size=+1>Pronounce loudly the words written by hand</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirppaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> order judicially, decide upon as a judge; adjudicate, negotiate, arbitrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kole senjavanukku oyar niidi manra niidibadi aayuL taNTane kuTuttu tiirppu aLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>the high court judge pronounced a sentence of life imprisonment for the murderer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taangu)</font> 3 tr <br> hold up; support; sustain<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan mayakkam pooTTu vizundapoodu en pakkattule irundavar enne taanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When I fainted and almost fell down, the person next to me propped me up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prop up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTukkuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> support with a prop; support artificially<br> <font size=+1>That weak regime couldn't have stood by itself, but it was propped up by its powerful neighbors</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prosperous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sezippaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be happy; look hale and healthy<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vayasule nallaa padiccaadaan appuram sezippaa irukkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Only if you study hard when you are young, can you be prosperous later</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>protect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> defend; ward off<br> <br> <font size=+1>nooye taTukka kozandekki uusi pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>(You) need to inoculate the child to protect it from the disease</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattu @(N tr)@)</font> 6 tr <br> be kind and helpful, support, befriend, watch over<br> <br> <font size=+1>saami namme ellaareyum eppavum kaappaatturaaru </font><br> <font size=+1>God always protects us all</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>protest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaadaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> argue or reason with s.o.; express strong disapproval or disagreement; remonstrate, disagree, argue, take issue, protest, reason, express disagreement, raise objections <br> <br> <font size=+1>vaadaaTara terame illaama nii eppaTi vakkiil aahappooree</font><br> <font size=+1>How are you going to become a lawyer without having the skill to protest and raise objections?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>protract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 7 tr <br> delay; drag o's feet, drag things out, be passive-aggressive; be a slowpoke; take o's sweet time<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda maadiri izuttukiTTu poohaadee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't protract this matter and drag it out this way!</font><br> 1) (niiTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prove</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruubi)</font> 6b tr <br> present strong arguments; present irrefutable proofs; show beyond a doubt; demonstrate scientifically<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kurippiTTa maruttuvakkoLhe tappu appaTiNNu innum niruubikkappaTalle</font><br> <font size=+1>It has not yet been proven that that particular theory of medicine is incorrect</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>prove wrong</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappuNNu niruubi)</font> 6b tr <br> prove to be false or wrong; disprove; rebut; refute<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda badile onnaale tappuNNu niruubikka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you prove that this answer is wrong?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>provision</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiini pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give fodder to; feed<br> <br> <font size=+1>miruhattukkellaam tiini pooTTu raattirikki aTecci pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to provision the animals and bed them down for the night</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>provoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyiTa sey @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> draw or bring out; cause to come out; evoke, elicit<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeccaala avane tuuNTi avan koobatte veLiyiTa senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I taunted him with my words and provoked his anger</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> effect; be the cause of; excite or stir up; foment, incite<br> <br> <font size=+1>aangilarunge indiya arasarungaLukkuLLe poor tuuNTinaange</font><br> <font size=+1>The British provoked war among the rulers of India</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> instigate, angle, manipulate, stir up, excite; spur on, goad<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kacciyooTa seyalaaLaru taan pooraaTTam naTattunga appaTiNNu tozilaaLarungaLe tuuNTiviTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>It was the secretary of that party, and nobody else, who provoked the workers to go on strike</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nembu)</font> 3 tr <br> move or shift with or as with a tool or lever; prise or pry s.t. open<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda muuTTiye nembaame terakka muTiyaadaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can't you open the lid (cover) without prying it?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>publicize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> spread or scatter widely (as rumor, etc.); disperse, circulate, broadcast, publish, publicize, proclaim, promulgate, propagate, dissipate, scatter, distribute, diffuse. <br> <br> <font size=+1>poy tahavale naandaan parappineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was the one who publicized the false news</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(arivaappu seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make (an) announcement(s)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTumba kaTTuppaTTu tiTTatte patti aTikkaTi arivippu seyyaveeNTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>it has become very necessary to publicise family planning programs again and again</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>puff (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uudu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow bloated or swollen; become inflated<br> , <br> <font size=+1>suuTaana eNNeyle puuriye poriccaa, adu balluun poola uudum.</font><br> <font size=+1>If you deep-fry 'puri' in hot oil, it will puff up like a balloon</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>puff (up/out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pidukku)</font> 3 tr <br> fill the cheeks with air<br> <br> <font size=+1>ande sinna kozende balluune uuda tannooTa kaNNatte pidukkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The little child puffed out her cheeks to blow up the balloon</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>puff out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pohe)</font> 2b intr <br> smoke; give off smoke or vapor; reek; emit<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayilvaNTi poheccukiTTee veehamaa poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The train is puffing out smoke and proceeding very rapidly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uudu)</font> 3 intr <br> become swollen, bloated; expand, fill with air<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enna saapiTTaanoo teriyale vayuru uudiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know what it was he ate, but his stomach got all puffed out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pull</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 7 tr <br> twist or wrench, as a muscle in spasm; cf. also tug, yank, wrest, jerk, jolt<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu viTaama veLeyaaTinadule en kaal izuttuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I have pulled a muscle in my leg because of playing yesterday so long without interruption</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pull back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinvaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> fall back, retreat<br> <font size=+1>The troops had to pull back after such heavy losses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pulverize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(norukku)</font> 3 tr <br> break into small pieces; thrash, destroy<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tanakku kiizmeyaa iruppavangaLe norukkuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He would absolutely pulverize people who worked under him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pulverized, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poTiyaaku)</font> 3b intr <br> be broken into powder; become pulverised; be friable<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kalavaiyile seekradukku munnaale kaNNaaTi poTiyaakki irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The glass has to be pulverized before being added to the mix</font><br> 1) (norungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>punch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> buffet; strike with the fist<br> <br> <font size=+1>sanNTeyile ediraaLi vayattule seekar kuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>During the fight, Sekar punched his opponent in the stomach</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>punish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNTane aLi)</font> 6b tr <br> inflict punishment upon; chasten; discipline, castigate, beat, thrash, smack, flog, whip, strap, cane, lash, scourge<br> <br> <font size=+1>niidibadi kuttavaaLikki kaTumeyaana taNTane aLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge punished the offender harshly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> rebuke or reprimand severely; chastise;<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNTippadule viTa mannippadule avarukku nambikke adiham</font><br> <font size=+1>He believes more in forgiving than in punishing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> condemn; mete out retribution; sentence<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappu senjavangaLe arasu niccayam taNTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The government will definitely punish the guilty</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taNTane aLi)</font> 6b tr <br> inflict punishment upon; chasten;<br> <br> <font size=+1>niidibadi kuttavaaLikki kaTumeyaana taNTane aLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge punished the offender harshly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>purify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cleanse, distill; remove impurities from s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTitaNNiye suttappaTutta arasu oTanee naTavaTikke eTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The government should take immediate steps to purify drinking water</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>pursue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraaycci seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> investigate; go after s.t.; follow s.t. to its logical conclusion<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku anuhuNTu aaraaycci seyyradule aarvam irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I have an interest in pursuing nuclear research</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>push o's way (into)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nozenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> shove o's way in or through a crowd; elbow o's way<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTattukuLLe aTiccupiTiccu nozenju pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I pushed and shoved and forced my way through the crowd</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>put</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten; fit; attach; install<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar kaalle seruppe poruttu</font><br> <font size=+1>Put the slippers on his feet.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>put down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> subdue; make obedient; have s.o. under o's thumb; denigrate, scorn; abuse, criticize, insult<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne romba kiizpaTuttinadaale naan avanooTe ippavellaam pazahuradille</font><br> <font size=+1>Because he put me down so much, I don't really interact with him much nowadays.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>put forth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLur viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> begin to grow; issue<br> <br> <font size=+1>seTinga maze kaalattukku appuram taLur viiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The plants put forth shoots after the rains.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>put in order</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(variseyaa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> arrange; put in a proper arrangement<br> <br> <font size=+1>ruubaa nooTTuhaLe varisaiy vei</font><br> <font size=+1>Put the rupee notes in proper order</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sari seyyi @(1 tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> reorder, reorganize, straighten up, correct, arrange, mend, set right, make suitable for use<br> <br> <font size=+1>siirkeTTuppoona vyaabaara nilemeye adukkaana kuzuvuLe uLLavanga sarisenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The committee in charge put the financial condition of the business that was in bad shape in order</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>put into action</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vandu keTu)</font> 4 tr <br> realize in action, put into practice; actualize; implement<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa periya moyarciyaale pala nalla kooTpaaTunga vandu keTeccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>we have been able to access many new concepts because of his putting them in action</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>put off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> defer; postpone; procrastinate<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla kaariyatte taLLippooTaama oTanee senjiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>One should not put off doing a good thing, one should do it immediately</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>put on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> wear or put on, as an armor, a shirt, etc.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>unooTa kavasatte pooTTukkiTTu poorukku tayaraaku!</font><br> <font size=+1>Put on your armor, and prepare for action!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTi koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> fasten or put on, as a dhoti, a saree, (i.e. those kinds of garments that are tied, rather than buttoned or belted)<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyavukku varukira palarukku sariyaa seele kaTTik koLLa teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people who come to India don't know how to put on a saree correctly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put on (clothes, shoes, hat, blouse, shirt, shawl, etc.); don<br> <br> <font size=+1>seruppu pooTTukkoo, apparam poolaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Put on your slippers, then we shall go</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ~(~ , ~)~</B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tie (i.e. put on) a sari, vee88i, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>seeleye kaTTikka romba neeramaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It takes a long time (for her) to put on the saree</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> wear, be adorned with garlands, pendants, diadems (esp. on or around the neck)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNattukku pooradaale ennooTa samsaaram sela pudu nahengaLe pooTTukiTTirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Since we're going out to attend a wedding, my wife has put on some new jewelry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>put on airs</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLukku)</font> 3 intr <br> behave ostentatiously; prance, mince; put on affected airs; act flambouyantly<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enna anda cinna poNNu ippavee ippaTi minukki taLukki naTakkuraa?</font><br> <font size=+1>what's with that little girl, prancing around and putting on such airs?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>put s.o. up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tanga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> arrange, provide lodging for; billet<br> <br> <font size=+1>eer indiyaakaaranga enne oru ooTTalle tanga vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Air India put me up in a hotel for a night</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>put together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orungeNe)</font> 2b tr <br> unite; assemble; connect logically or naturally together<br> <br> <font size=+1>ongaLellaa koorikkehaLeyum orungeNeccu inda paTTiyale sangattalaivar tayaariccirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The committee head has put together this list based on all your requests</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>putrify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuhu; azuhi poo)</font> 3 intr <br> putrify, esp. as flesh, go bad; decompose, go bad, go off, spoil, fester, perish, deteriorate; moulder<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalle irunda seranga sutti sade konjam konjamaa azuhiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flesh around the wound in my leg has gradually putrified</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>quarrel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTe pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> clash; fight; conflict, argue<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>seendu veele seyyaveeNTiya niingaLe ippaTi saNTe pooTalaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>The two of you are supposed to be working together but instead you are quarrelling?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTe pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dispute hotly, argue, altercate<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga kuTumbattule irukkravanga yaarum saNTe pooTradille</font><br> <font size=+1>nobody in our family quarrels much</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>queasy, be/feel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(komaTTu)</font> 3 intr + dat <br> retch; be nauseated; feel sick<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>enakku komaTTudu (vayitte poraTTudu)</font><br> <font size=+1>I feel queasy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>quench</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNippi)</font> 6b tr <br> satisfy, slake, sate, satiate, gratify, relieve, assuage, take the edge off, indulge; lessen, reduce, diminish, check, suppress, extinguish, overcome<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa daahatte taNippa avanukku kooLTTrink kuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I gave him a cold drink to quench his thirst</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>quenched, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2 i <br> be satisfied, mollified; be slaked, allayed, assuaged<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNii kuTiccappuramdaan en daaham taNinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My thirst was quenched only after drinking water.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>quibble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taharaaru seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> oppose by frivolous or trivial objection; be out for a quarrel; make petty or unnecessary objections; complain, carp, grumble, get into an argument; whine, bleat, niggle; (inf.) gripe, grouse, bitc<br> <br> <font size=+1>en taattaa enda kaTekki poonaalum kaTakaararooTe taharaaru seyyaame varamaaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Whenever my grandfather goes to any shop, he always starts quibbling with the shopkeeper before leaving</font><br> 1) (kuttam kaNTupiTiccukkiTTiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>quicken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veehappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> speed up, as pace, etc.; expedite, as a piece of work, etc.; hasten, accelerate, as a vehicle, etc.<br> <font size=+1>We need to quicken the pace here, and try to finish earlier</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> accelerate; cause to move, act or function faster; speed up<br> <font size=+1>Let's quicken our pace now, and we'll get done sooner</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>quiet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkamsey)</font> 2b tr <br> quell; soothe; assuage, mitigate, tranquillize<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar aTTahaasam senju koNTirunda kozandengaLe kashTappaTTu aTakkam senjaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher quieted the rowdy children with difficulty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>quiet, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amediyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become calm or composed; display no emotion or excitement<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinimaa aaramiccavooTanee pasanga ellaam amediyaayiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The boys became quiet once the movie started</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>quit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> stop; cease from doing s.t.; knock off; discontinue, drop, leave off<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeramaanadunaale idooTa namma aaTTatte niruttikkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it has gotten late, let's quit the game now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>quiver</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> tremble, move back and forth; shake or flicker, as leaves, etc.; jitter<br> <br> <font size=+1>paravaiyai kaiyile piTicca poodu adudaiya uTampu aaTiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bird's body quivered as I held it in my hands</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>race</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aLavukku miiri veehamaa eyangu)</font> 3 intr <br> run too rapidly because of decreased resistance<br> <br> <font size=+1>aLavukku miiri veehamaa eyanginaa enjin keTTuppooyiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you race the engine too fast, it will damage it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTi pooTTu ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> compete against in a race<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>yaaru modalle paLLikkuuTattile pooyseeruvoomNu pooTTi pooTTu ooTalaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we race each other to school, and see who gets there first?</font><br> 1) (ooTTeppandeyettile ooTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tale terikka ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> run at top speed<br> <br> <font size=+1>taleterikka ooTiyum basse piTikkamuTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I raced to catch the bus, but missed it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pandayattule ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> place or enter in a race, esp of a horse<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurle tavaLeye pandayattile ooTTi veeTikke paakkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>For entertainment, they race frogs here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vade)</font> 6b tr <br> torture or torment; cause great pain or sorrow<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda bayangaramaana talevaliye taangavee muTiyalle, adu enne vadeccukiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't stand this terrible headache; I've been racked with pain non-stop</font><br> 1) (kashTappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (tondaravu paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rack (the brain)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuLeye kozappu)</font> 3 intr <br> think hard, strain with great effort to remember s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavoo muuLeyekkozappiyum avan peeru nenevukku varalleyee</font><br> <font size=+1>I've been racking my brains, but I just can't remember his name</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>radiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLiru)</font> 2 intr <br> shine brightly; be bright or radiant; issue from<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa mohattuleendu oru deyva oLiru vanduccu</font><br> <font size=+1>A divine glow radiated from his face.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oLi viisu)</font> 3 intr <br> be intelligent, brilliant<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paricceyle oLiviisinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He radiated intelligence in exams.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTavamaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> manifest with heat, light, energy; exude in a glowing way<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda ammaa mohattle eppavum anbum sandooshamum taaNTavamaaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>She radiates love and happiness</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kadir viisu)</font> 3 tr <br> spread, issue forth, put forth, or emit rays<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuryan veppakkadir viisudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sun radiates warmth</font><br> 1) (parappu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paravikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> come forth or spread out in rays, as heat radiating from a stove<br> <br> <font size=+1>?suuryanleyirundu veppakkadir ellaa eTattuleeyum paravikkoNTudu (paravikkudu? paravikkradu?)</font><br> <font size=+1>Heat radiates from the sun in all directions</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>radio</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaanoli muulam terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> communicate by radio, send a message by radio<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTahu tiTiirNu niNNupoonadunaale naanga vaanoli muulam enga neleye teriviccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>When our boat stopped without warning, we radioed for help</font><br> 1) (ceedi terivi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiri vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> show violent anger in action or speech; lose control of o's anger<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda seediye keeTTadum avan emmeele siiri vizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He raged at me on hearing the news</font><br> 1) (kannaapinnaaNNu tiTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (vaLLuNNu vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(erenjukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> move or act with great violence or intensity; act stormily or wildly<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyalkaattu veehattile kaTal viTaame reNTu naaLaa erenjuTTee irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of the intensity of the storm, the sea raged for two days</font><br> 1) (kondaLi) 3 intr<br> 2) (vaari viisikkoL) 1 intr<br> 3) (siiriyezu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mummuramaa paravikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> prevail or spread unchecked, as a disease, epidemic, storm<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa oTambu puuraavum puttunooy mummuramaa paravikiTTadunaale avangaLe kaappaatta muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>There was nothing we could do to save our mother, since the cancer had raged all over her body</font><br> 1) (tale virittaaTu) 3 intr<br> 2) (taaNTavamaaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rage (at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiru)</font> 3 intr <br> speak angrily, burn with passion, fly off the handle, snap at<br> . <br> <font size=+1>sela samayattule avaru koovattule appaTidaan siiruvaaru. naama poolaam, vaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Sometimes he just rages at people--let's just keep out of his way.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rage against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erinju vizu)</font> 2b tr <br> speak angrily; be enraged; fly into a rage; complain vehemently about<br> d <br> <font size=+1>ava avanooTe erinju vizundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She raged against him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>raid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pari seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> attempt to take over a business, or hire away its employees; attempt to overpower a small organization and steal its resources<br> <font size=+1>Small companies are usually in danger of being raided by larger, more powerful corporations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTiir taakku seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b intr <br> invade a place, as by the police, for violations of the law; spring upon s.o. unexpectedly; attack an enemy by troops, aircraft, or other armed forces rapidly and without warning<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliisu kaLLan viiTTe soodane paNNradukkaaha tiTiir taakku senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police raided the robbers' house to search for stolen goods</font><br> 1) (tiTiir soodaneyiTu) x<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kooLe aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> attack suddenly, by troops or by armed bandits, terrorists etc. for looting; attack to commit a crime, especially to steal from business premises, banks etc., usu. rapidly and without warning.<br> <br> <font size=+1>koLLekaaranga raattiri vandu koLLe aTiccuTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The bandits raided (our village) last night</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rail at (see scold)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> fall down (as rain)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda neerattule maze penjaa vivasaayingaLukku nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's good for the farmers if it rains now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaari vazangu)</font> 3 tr <br> give or spread profusely; pour/come down in large quantities.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vezaavle avarmeele vaazttuhaLe vaari vazanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They rained praises on him at the ceremony</font><br> 1) (sori) 3<br> 2) (pozi) 3<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maze peyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> fall as rain from the clouds; precipitate, shower, drizzle, rain hard, rain heavily; (inf.) rain cats and dogs, come down in buckets<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga uurle eppoodum maze penjuTTeeyirukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>It rains constantly in our area</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>raise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 6 tr <br> bring up; train up; foster; develop faculties, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa romba kashTappaTTu enne vaLattaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father raised me with great difficulty</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLaru)</font> 6 tr <br> grow; bring up; look after; educate; cultivate (as trees, etc.); cause animals to breed, propagate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa taattaa taan enne cinna vayasule vaLattaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>When I was young, it was my grandfather that raised me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(osattikiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> increase in quantity, size, or worth; lift or move to a higher position or level; move or adjust upward or vertically<br> !<br> <font size=+1>naaLukku naaLu veleye osattikiTTee pooraan paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at how he keeps raising the prices, day after day!</font><br> 1) (eettu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(osattu)</font> 3 intr <br> move or cause to move upward, or to a higher position<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>palaheye konjam osattippiTiccu kuTeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Could you raise this plank for me?</font><br> 1) (nimirttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(oongu)</font> 3 tr <br> lift up the arm or a weapon, threateningly or with intent to do harm<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiye oongi aTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He raised his hand and hit him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paTameTu)</font> 7 intr <br> lift the head and spread the hood, as of a snake<br> b , <br> <font size=+1>jaakkradeyaa yiru, nalla paambu paTameTukkappoohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Be careful, the cobra is about to raise its hood (and strike)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> move upright; lift, lift up, raise aloft, elevate, uplift, upthrust, hoist, heave up. <br> <br> <font size=+1>paTukkeylerundu ezumbi ukkaandaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She raised herself from the bed to a sitting position</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(veLevi)</font> 6b tr <br> grow crops (as opposed to animals)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaykari veLevikkradukkaaha vayal vaanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He bought a field to raise vegetables</font><br> 1) (uNTupaNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLartteTu)</font> 6 tr <br> bring up, as a child<br> <br> <font size=+1>anaadekkozandeye vaLatteTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They raised the orphaned child</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> set or place upright, stand<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiize vizunda pustahangaLe nerutti vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>The books that have fallen down, could you stand them upright?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLarttu)</font> 3 tr <br> rear or breed, as animals<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga paaTTi koozi vaLattraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Our grandmother raises chickens</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>raise high</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(osattu)</font> 3 tr <br> exalt; raise high; lift up; elevate<br> <font size=+1>raise high the banners and proclaim the revolution!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>raise up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise to a higher mental level, etc.; improve the mind, etc.; elevate<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezengaLe meembaTuttradudaan en oree nookkam</font><br> <font size=+1>My only objective is to raise up the poor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaru)</font> 3 tr <br> gather, pull together, or arrange with (or as if with) a rake; gather up as in the arms<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTuppilerundu kuppeye vaara connaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked us to rake the ashes from the fireplace</font><br> 1) (kuuTTu) 2) (kuuTTu) 3 tr<br> 3) (teraTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rally</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puttuNarcci peru)</font> 4 intr <br> recover abruptly from a setback or disadvantage; snatch victory from the jaws of defeat<br> . j <br> <font size=+1>avar teerdalle toottuppoovaarNu irundadu; aanaalum puttuNarcci pettu edirpaaraama jeyiccuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>In spite of the setback he rallied and won the election in an unexpected upset</font><br> 1) (samaaLiccuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaL kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> gather people together for a common purpose; bring together (forces) again in order to continue fighting; bring or come together as support or for concentrated action. <br> <br> <font size=+1>aaL kuuTi tiiye aNeccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They rallied everyone (to come) together to put out the fire</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTam seeru)</font> 6 intr <br> assemble, esp. in support of s.o.; bring or come together as support or for concentrated action. <br> <br> <font size=+1>enga uurukku mandiri varappooraarNu terinjadum avare varaveerpadukkaaha kuuTTam seendu viTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone rallied together to welcome the minister as soon as we heard that he was coming to our town</font><br> 1) (vandu kuuTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(soham aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> show sudden and unexpected improvement in health or spirits; regroup, reassemble, re-form, reunite. <br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan pezekkamaaTTaaNNu neneccaanga; aanaa eppaTiyoo tappippezeccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rallied and recovered, even though everyone had given up hope for his survival</font><br> 1) (goNappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rally (around)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vandu kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> unite or come together in an effort for a common cause, esp. in support of a person; come together as support or for concentrated action on behalf of s.o. <br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarumaa vandu kuuTi maNikki aadaravu kuTuttaa avarukku mandiri padavi keTekkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If everyone rallies around Mani, he might get the ministerial appointment</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ram</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> force passage or acceptance of; (cf. also:) cram, stuff, compress, jam, squeeze, thrust, tamp; force, plunge, stab, push, sink, dig, stick, pack . <br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNan appaa avane kaTTaayappaTutti kaliyaaNattukku eNanga vaccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Kannan's father rammed his decision about the arranged marriage down his (Kannan's) throat</font><br> 1) (valiyuruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moodu)</font> 3 intr <br> drive or strike against with a heavy impact; butt, smash against<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi moodina veehattile avan kaaloTenju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cart rammed into him with such force that it broke his leg</font><br> 1) (iTi) 6b tr<br> 2) (iTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> force, hammer, pound, or knock into place; thrust, plunge, stab, push, sink, dig, stick, cram, jam, stuff, pack. <br> <br> <font size=+1>paare naTuvile inda kuttiye aTiccerakka veeNTiyadaayirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrain was so rocky, we had to ram the stake in with force</font><br> 1) (iTiccu kaTTuppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNiccu aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> stuff, cram, pack<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTTeye aTekkradukku veeNTi kayyle keTecca saamaangaLeyellaam adukkuLLe vaccu tiNiccaTeccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rammed everything he could find into the hole in order to plug it up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ramble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alenju tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> walk or wander aimlessly or for pleasure, with or without a definite route; take a walk, go for a walk, hike, wander, stroll, saunter, amble, roam, range, rove, traipse, jaunt.<br> <br> <font size=+1>manam poona paTi avan uuruuraa alenju tirivaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rambles all over the place, wandering from village to village</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paraviiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> follow an irregular winding course of motion or growth<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaasappakkam naTTa piccikkoTi engengeyoo paraviiTTu poohudu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how the jasmine that I planted by the door is now rambling all over the place</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> speak at length and with many digressions; babble on; expatiate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peecce yaaraavadu keekkraangaLaa illeyaaNNu gavanikkaama tanpaaTTukku oLarikkiTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rambled on and on, not bothering to see if anyone was paying attention to him</font><br> 1) (toTarbillaama peesu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarpillaama ezudu)</font> 3 intr <br> write at length and with many digressions; wander verbally without coming to a point<br> , <br> <font size=+1>veshayattukku varaama naalu pakkam toTarbillaama ezudiyirukkaan, enakku oNNumee puriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't understand this letter--he has rambled on and on for pages and pages without coming to the point</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rambunctious, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ereccaliTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be noisy, boisterous, or overly energetic ; be uncontrollably exuberant<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna kozandenga paLLiyle amediyaa illaama ereccaliTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The little children in school were unable to be quiet and got kind of rambunctious</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rampage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siirippaayi)</font> 1 intr <br> rush wildly about in a frenzied manner; cause damage by violent actions<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTuhaLellaam paambe paattadum siirippaanju kalenjooTippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cattle went on a rampage when they saw the snake</font><br> 1) (moraTTuttanamaaha naTandukko) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rancid, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uusippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> have the rank odor or taste of spoiled oils or fats; be spoiled, as fat, butter, oil; be raunchy<br> <br> <font size=+1>palahaaratte kuLirpeTTiile vekkaadadunaale adu uusippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The snacks turned rancid because they hadn't been refrigerated</font><br> 1) (naattam viisu) 3 intr<br> 2) (keTTu poo) 3b intr<br> 3) (keTTuppoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>range</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alenju tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> roam or travel over or through (a region), as in exploration<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTTu mande taNNi teeTi kaaTellaam alenju tirinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The herd ranged all over the forest searching for water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~x~- ...~ ~ ? ?</B> <font size=+1>(@x@-lerundu...@y@vare iru)</font> 7 intr <br> vary within specified limits; extend, stretch, reach, cover, go, run, pass, fluctuate between, vary between. <br> <font size=+1>Temperatures range from the mid 80's to 100 degrees in summer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seendu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> take a stand; place with others in a cause, party, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aNNan tambi saNTeele avanga aNNan kuTumbattooTu seenduTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the dispute between the two brothers, those people ranged themselves with the older brother's family</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rank</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(modalaavadu vaa @(nc intr)@)</font> 4 intr <br> take precedence over, outrank<br> <br> <font size=+1>vahuppile modalaavadu vandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ranked first in his class</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karudappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> consider as; have a rank, be graded, be placed, be positioned, have a status; be considered as; have the reputation of <br> <br> <font size=+1>avan maamaa oru miha seranda maruttuvaraaha karudappaTraar</font><br> <font size=+1>His uncle is ranked as one of the best doctors in town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rankle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puNpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel hurt, especially secretly; be annoyed by, as a slight, resentment, insult, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavanga manasu puNpaTaramaadiri peesakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not speak in a way that rankles other people's feelings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruttikkiTTiru)</font> 7 tr <br> be a source of or cause persistent irritation or resentment; annoy or irritate; upset, anger, offend, affront, displease, provoke, irk, vex, pique, nettle, gall; (inf.) rile, miff, peeve, aggravate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava enne tiTTinadu enne uruttikkiTTeeyirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her scolding just got under my skin and really rankled me</font><br> 1) (veedene tandukoNTiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ransack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTiccovar aakku)</font> 3 intr <br> muddle up, make a mess of, bungle, botch; go hurriedly through (a place) stealing things and causing damage; pillage or plunder; cf. also raid, rob, loot, sack, strip, despoil; ravage, devastate, tur<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTanga viiTTukkuLLe raattrile nozenju ellaatteyum kuTTiccovar aakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Robbers entered the house at night, ransacked it, and made a mess of everything.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kooLe aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> search or scour for plunder; tear things apart looking for valuables<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTanga koLLeyaTikkradukkaaha viiTTule puhundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The thieves broke into the house and ransacked it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(turuvitteeTu)</font> 3 intr <br> search or rummage thoroughly; raid and pillage; turn things upside down looking for s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ellaa peTTiyilum nallaa turuvitteeTippaattaaccu, aanaalum saavi ahappaTalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He ransacked all the boxes looking for the key, but couldn't find it</font><br> 1) (koTenju koTenju teeTu) 3 intr<br> 2) (keLaRippaar) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ransom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miiTTupperu)</font> 4 tr <br> obtain the release of by paying a certain price<br> <br> <font size=+1>koLLekkaarankiTTeerundu tan mahane reNTu leccam ruubaa kuTuttu miiTTu vaanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He paid the kidnappers two lakhs rupees to ransom his son</font><br> 1) (parihaaram ceyyi) 2b tr<br> 2) (urimeye vele kuTuttu vaangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sattam pooTTu peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> speak or exclaim with vehemence or violence; speak or shout at length in a wild, impassioned way<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naaTahattile vara naTihareppoola sattam pooTTu peesinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ranted and raved like an actor in a play</font><br> 1) (aarppaaTTam seyyi) 2b intr<br> 2) (kattu) 3 intr<br> 3) (kuuccaliTu) 4 intr<br> 4) (vaay viiccaTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> hit sharply and swiftly, strike, knock, whack, bang, cuff, clip, clout, batter<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaaru perambeyeTuttu meese meele koTTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher rapped on the desk with his cane</font><br> 1) (taTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTukkuNNu peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> utter sharply; speak or sing in a confrontational style; bark out; chant or talk rapidly, rhythmically, vividly, and boastfully, so as to compete for prestige among o's peers and impress others<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku ellaarTTeyum veTukkuNNu peesradudaan pazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>He has the habit of rapping out orders at people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> have sex with s.o. against her will; overpower by force in order to have sex<br> j <br> <font size=+1>ava avamaanap paTuttinadaala avaLooTa jaadikkaaranga ellaarum avaLe keTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>She was raped by the whole clan because of a perceived insult</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 4 intr <br> assault or transgress sexually; (of a man) force (another person) to have sexual intercourse with him against their will<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNiyooTa mahaLe avanooTa maccaan poona maasam oru naaLu keTuttaan appaTiNNu solraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It was claimed that Mani's brother-in-law raped Mani's daughter one day last month</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karpazi)</font> 6b tr <br> force another person to submit to sexual intercourse<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTattule pattu nimishattukku oru taTaveyaavadu oru poNNe karpazikkra kaaTci varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>In this movie, a woman gets raped at least every ten minutes</font><br> 1) (palaattehaareppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> calculate the value of, appraise, as commodities, precious stones, etc.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onakku vairatte madippiTa teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know how to rate or appraise diamonds?</font><br> 1) (madi) 6b tr<br> 2) (madippiiTu seyyi) 2b tr<br> 3) (aLevu pooTu) 4 tr<br> 4) (vele madi) x<br> 5) (taram pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(madikka paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be judged or regarded; be thought to be<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurle avar oru peerpetta vakkiilaa madikkappaTraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He is rated as one of the best lawyers in this town</font><br> 1) (karutappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ratify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudi paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> give formal sanction or approval to and thereby validate; confirm or accept (an agreement made in o s name) by formal consent, signature<br> <font size=+1>Both parties ratified the treaty, promising not to use nuclear weapons.</font><br> 1) (tiTappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (neleppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ration</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTa aLavukku vazangu)</font> 6 tr <br> restrict to limited amounts, as in wartime, periods of scarcity; limit, control, conserve, budget. <br> j <br> <font size=+1>panjakkaalattle arisi vahehaLe janangaLukku tiTTa aLavukkuttaan vazanguvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In times of famine, staples such as rice are rationed</font><br> 1) (pangiTTuk kuTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (pangiiTu seyyi) 2b tr<br> 3) (pangiiTu seyyi) 2b tr<br> 4) (pangiTTukkuTu) 6 tr<br> 5) (pahundu kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rationalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaayam peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for (o's actions, etc.); attempt to explain or justify (behavior or an attitude) with logical reasons, even if these are not appropriate<br> !<br> <font size=+1>taan senjadu sariiNNu ava nyaayam peesurade paareen!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at the way she's trying to rationalize her behavior!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rattle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTapaTa)</font> 6 intr <br> make a quick succession of short, sharp, knocking sounds<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattu veehattile kadavu paTapaTattuTTirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The door was rattling from the force of the wind</font><br> 1) (saTasaTa) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kulungu)</font> 3 intr <br> make a quick succession of short, sharp sounds; hit against s.t., as dry peas in a pod<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTiile kulungra sattam keeTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We could hear something rattle in the box</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kulukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make a quick succession of short, sharp sounds<br> <br> <font size=+1>puLiyangoTTeye peTTikkuLLe pooTTu kulukkradu maadiri oru sattam keeTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It sounded as though someone was rattling some tamarind seeds in a can</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kilukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to rattle, as a toy<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande kilukke kayyile piTiccu kilukkrade paareen</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at how the child can grasp the rattle and rattle it</font><br> 1) (aaTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (veLeyaaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(toNatoNattukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> talk continuously in an uninteresting and boring manner; prattle, babble, jabber<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paaTTi eppoozudumee toNatoNattuTTiruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Her grandmother usually just rattles on and on, saying the same thing over and over</font><br> 1) (vaLavaLeNNu peesu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTakaTa)</font> 6 intr <br> move noisily and not very quickly; rumble<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTe vaNTi kaTakaTattukkiTTu poonadu</font><br> <font size=+1>One could hear the ox cart rattling along</font><br> 1) (aaTTi aaTTi poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (saTasaTaNNu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rattle (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maLa maLaNNu oppuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> repeat a sequence of things quickly and easily from memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vaayppaaTe eppaTi maLamaLaNNu oppuvikkraan paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Listen to him, rattling off the multiplication tables like that</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rattled, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kadi kalangi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be unnerved, fluster, confused; lose o's train of thought; be discombobulated or disconcerted<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda seediyekkeeTTadum avan kadikalangippoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He got rattled on hearing the news</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ravage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> undergo destruction or devastation; be ruined, destroyed<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyalaTiccu vayalellaam paazaahippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fields were ravaged by the storm</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kooLeyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> sack, pillage; destroy<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayangravaadiha paNam terattradukkaaha suttiyirunda uurle koLLeyaTikka porappaTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists set out to ravage the neighboring villages until they got some money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaakku)</font> 3 intr <br> wreak destruction or depredation(s) on; ruin, wreck, destroy, devastate, lay waste to; depredate<br> <br> <font size=+1>aacciye kalekkradukkaaha bayangravaadiha suttiyuLLa uurhaLeyellaam paazaakkiiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists ravaged the countryside, trying to overthrow the government</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLaru)</font> 3 intr <br> speak wildly, incoherently, or irrationally<br> <br> <font size=+1>taan eemaattappaTTa seediyekkeeTTadum avan kooba veriyile oLarikkiTTee poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He began to rant and rave angrily when he heard that he had been cheated</font><br> 1) (kattu) 3 intr<br> 2) (polambu) 3 intr<br> 3) (kumuri ezu) x intr<br> 4) (petattu) 3 intr<br> 5) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rave over/about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTippeesu)</font> 3 tr <br> praise with enthusiasm; extol the virtues of; describe with superlatives<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum pudiye paTattepatti paaraaTTippeesinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody raved about the new movie</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ravel (see unravel)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>raze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taremaTTamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cut down to the ground; bulldoze, level, flatten, tear or knock down or demolish<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangattooTe veeleyaaLarunga anda kaTTaTatte taremaTTamaakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Government workers razed that building to the ground.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooy seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> arrive (at); find o's way (to); get to (a place)<br> <br> <font size=+1>Telli pooy seerndavoTane enakku tandi anuppu</font><br> <font size=+1>Send me a telegram as soon as you reach Delhi.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vanduseeru)</font> 2 intr <br> approach and arrive at, attain<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaammaa reNTu peerum nallabaTi vandu seendaanga appaTiNNu en tambikiTTe foonule sonneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I told my younger brother over the phone that our parents had reached home safely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> arrive at, approach, draw near<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa kaaleyle anju maNikki cidambarattulerundu porappaTTu raattiri eTTu maNikki koove vandu seendaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>mother started out at 5:00 a.m. from Chidambaram and reached Coimbatore at about 8:00 in the evening</font><br> 1) (aTe) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pooy seeru)</font> 6 intr <br> go somewhere and arrive at a destination<br> <br> <font size=+1>eTTu maNikki porappaTTu pooy raatiridaan viiTTule pooy seera muTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Even though they left here at eight o'clock, they couldn't reach home until late at night</font><br> 1) (aTe) 2) (aTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> touch or grasp by stretching out or extending; make an effort to attain s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>shelfleerukkra pustahatte eTTa muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you reach the book [high] on the shelf?</font><br> 1) (kayniiTTu) 3 intr<br> 2) (toTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> extend as far as<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda seedi avanukku eTTumNu naan nenekkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't expect the news to reach him</font><br> 1) (kayniiTTu) 3 intr<br> 2) (toTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 4 intr <br> aggregate or amount to<br> j <br> <font size=+1>janattohe muuvaayiram vare eTTippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The population has reached 3000</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(paravippoo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be extensive in effect or influence<br> <br> <font size=+1>sigreTTu kuTikkra pazakkam ippa paLLikkuuTattleeyum paravippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The smoking habit has reached even the elementary school level</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) ( )</B> <font size=+1>(peesa muTi(yum))</font> 2b intr <br> contact; succeed in communicating with, as by telephone, fax, email, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I've been trying to reach him for about two weeks now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reach (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> extend; prolong; put out; keep pending<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiye niiTTi prasaadattatte vaangikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Reach our your hand and receive the prasad.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stretch out or put forth (a body part), extend<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahatte eTukkradukkaaha kayye niiTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reached for a book</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reach (out/for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ekku)</font> 3 intr <br> reach for s.t. by stretching body or hands<br> <br> <font size=+1>pandalmeele pooTTirunda tuNiye romba ekki eTukka veeNTiyadaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In order to reach the clothes on the pandal I had to strain and stretch to grasp them</font><br> 1) (eTTippiTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reach down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuni)</font> 2b intr <br> move in a downward direction, usually by stretching o's body; bend, crouch, or stoop down to get s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTeye eTukkradukkaaha kuninjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reached down for his umbrella</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reach out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> make an effort to persuade or influence; make an effort to establish communication with or bond with<br> <font size=+1>Politicians are trying to reach out to women, who used to be totally ignored</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>react</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ediru)</font> 6 tr <br> act in opposition to a force or condition<br> <font size=+1>He reacted to the scolding by running away from home</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> feel and express the effect of, judge<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>She reacted to the news by bursting into tears</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>read</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTi)</font> 6b tr <br> study, learn<br> <br> <font size=+1>pariiccekki veeNTi nallaa paTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should read (study) for your test</font><br> 1) (vaasi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTi)</font> 6b tr <br> decode written or printed materials or other representations of language; examine and grasp the meaning of things seen, such as tea leaves, smoke signals, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeppare paTikka pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going to read the newspaper</font><br> 1) (vaasi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>read (about)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTi)</font> 6b intr <br> learn from, or receive information through printed material<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiri varradeppatti peepparle paTicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I read about the minister's visit in the newspaper</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>read (aloud)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orakka paTi)</font> 6b tr <br> utter or express aloud written or printed material; read out<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurle ezuttaaLarha tanga pustahattileendu orakka paTikkradu vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's common in this area for authors to read aloud from their books</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ready, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaaraahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be prepared, be suitable and available for immediate use; be (all) set, organized, primed; (inf.) be fit, psyched up, geared up<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii innum tayaaraahalleyee</font><br> <font size=+1>You aren't ready yet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTanpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be mentally disposed, willing<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaLukku odavi seyya avan oTanpaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was ready and willing to help us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ready, get/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayaaraakku)</font> 3 tr <br> prepare or make available for service or action; be set to respond<br> <br> <font size=+1>payyane paLLikkuuTattukku anuppa tayaaraakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I have to get my son ready for school</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ready, have/be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaivasamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be available for service, need<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avasiyattukku konjam paNam kaivasamaayirukkudaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you have some money on hand, ready for emergencies?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>realize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNaru)</font> 2 tr <br> be conscious or aware of; experience, as a sensation; have a sensation of s.t. by sensory nerves; understand, feel, appreciate; have a thorough conviction of; have a general (or vague) idea of<br> <br> <font size=+1>praccaneye oNaraama peesaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't talk without realizing the (extent of the) problem.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(purinju poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 4 intr <br> comprehend fully or correctly; become fully aware of; accept s.t. as fact; grasp, take in, know, comprehend, apprehend, be aware, be conscious/cognizant of the fact, appreciate, recognize, percei<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne eemaattiTTirundaaNNu purinju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I realized that he had been cheating me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveeri viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> bring about or make real, fulfill; come to fruition, come to pass<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku cinna vayasileendu vakkiil aahaNumngra aase nereveeri viTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His desire from an early age to be a lawyer has now been realized</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(palanaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> obtain or achieve; get (profit); profit from; fetch<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onga viiTTulerundu evaLavu palanaTecciinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>How much did you realize from the sale of your house?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b intr <br> know, see; grasp, take in, know, comprehend, apprehend, be (fully) aware, be conscious/cognizant of the fact, recognize, perceive, discern <br> <br> <font size=+1>avan pakkattule niNNadu enakku teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't realize that he was standing right next to me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> fulfil; make s.t. come to pass or happen<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku vakkiil aahaNumNa aaseye nereveetti viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I helped him realize his desire to become a lawyer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>realize (make s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNa(r)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to feel or know s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTpoTe arumeye ennooTa nanban enakku oNattinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend made me realize the value of friendship</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaTe seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> harvest; bring in the harvest<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze penjadukkappuram aruvaTe seyvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We will reap the crop after the rains</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLe)</font> 2b intr <br> harvest a crop; bring in the harvest<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham maandooppile nereya pazam veLenjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We reaped a fine crop of mangoes from our trees this year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(palan aTe)</font> 2b intr <br> obtain as a result of effort; harvest, take in, profit<br> <font size=+1>As ye sow, so shall ye reap.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cut grain or other crops for harvest<br> <br> <font size=+1>aruvaTe seyyadukkaaha vayalle eranginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They went to the fields to reap the harvest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnangaalle ezumbi nillu)</font> 5 intr <br> stand on hind legs (as of animals)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudire payappaTTu kaneccuuTTe pinnangaalile ezumbi niNNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The horse neighed and reared up in terror</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLartteTu)</font> 6 tr <br> care for a child during the early stages of life, bring up; raise<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaana anda tambadi oru anaade kozandeye vaLatteTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The old couple reared an orphaned child</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rearend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b tr <br> push. collide with, run into or knock (against) from behind; pound; hack; chop<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>teruvule avanooTe vaNTi en vaNTiye iTiccudu; oruttarum aTepaTale</font><br> <font size=+1>His car rearended mine on the street, but no one was hurt.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reason</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaadiccu oppukkoLLumbaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> persuade or dissuade with reason<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was going to commit suicide, but I reasoned with him and brought him down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> determine or conclude by logical thinking; plan<br> <font size=+1>We reasoned it out and managed to establish a plan</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaayam paTi)</font> 3 intr <br> think logically<br> <font size=+1>People don't reason well when they're suffering from illness or stress</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reason (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vevaadi)</font> 6b intr <br> talk or argue logically and persuasively with s.o.; bring s.o. around to a different point of view, using logic and good sense<br> <font size=+1>There's no way to reason with him when he's all worked up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reasonable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaayamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be sound, be logically correct; make sense; be within the bounds of reason and good sense<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sonnadu nyaayamaayirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>What he said seemed reasonable enough</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reassure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambikke aLi)</font> 6b intr <br> restore or give confidence to; allay the doubts and fears of; dispel the apprehensions of; put s.o.'s mind at rest, put at ease, settle doubts, encourage, hearten, buoy up, cheer up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku veele eTuttu kuTukkradaaha nambikke aLiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to reassure him that he would find him a job</font><br> 1) (vaakkaLi) 6b intr<br> 2) (urudippaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rebel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirkeLarcci seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 2b intr <br> refuse allegiance to and oppose by force an established government or ruling authority; rise (up) against<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTuuramaana aaTciye edittu ellaa makkaLum edirkeLarcci senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people all rebelled against the cruel rulers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veruppuuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> feel or express strong unwillingness or repugnance about s.t.; resist s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta vaaram muzusum anju maNikki ezumbaNumngra neneppu enakku veruppuuTTinadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I rebelled at the thought of getting up at 5 a.m. everyday next week</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rebel (against)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edittu nillu)</font> 5 intr <br> defy or resist an authority or convention; mutiny, riot, revolt, rise up, rise up in arms, take to the streets<br> j <br> <font size=+1>kozandenga peTroorukku kiizpaTiyaama eduttu nikkradu sahajam daan</font><br> <font size=+1>Children usually rebel against their parents by disobeying them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rebound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tericcuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> bounce or spring back after colliding with s.t.; recochet off or back from some hard surface; boomerang<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The bullet rebounded from the wall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(takku)</font> come back and have a negative effect; boomerang; backfire; come back and hound or bite s.o.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Take care that your actions do not rebound on you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLiccukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> recover, as from adversity, a slump, or failure in love; pick up the pieces and get back to normal<br> <br> <font size=+1>nashTattulerundu samaaLiccukiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rebounded from the difficulties he'd been having</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rebuff (see check, refuse, snub)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rebuke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTinju koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> criticize or reprove sharply: reprimand; subject to protest or censure; reprimand, scold, chide, admonish, reproach, remonstrate with, lecture, reprehend, censure, find fault with, berate, upbraid, c<br> <br> <font size=+1>tambi paaTTiiTTe mariyaadeyillaama peesinade keeTTu appaa avane kaTinjukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father rebuked my brother when he heard him speak disrespectfully to our grandmother</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rebut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maarupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> differ; be contrary or opposed to; contradict; refute<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>yaaraavadu inda karuttuleerundu maarupaTa virumburiingaLaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Does anyone wish to rebut this claim?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poyyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make fake; disprove; prove to be false; counter (an argument); falsify<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNmeye niruubicci sundar solrade poyyaakki kaaTTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will prove the truth and rebut what Sundar is saying.</font><br> 1) (tool) 5d intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaruNNu niruubi)</font> 6b tr <br> refute, esp. by offering opposing arguments, as in a legal case; claim or prove that (evidence or an accusation) is false; deny, disprove; invalidate, negate, contradict, controvert, counter, discred<br> <br> <font size=+1>aadaravuhaLe koNTu vakkiil sonnadellaam tavar-NNu niruubiccu kaaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He had supporting arguments to rebut the claims made by the (opposing) lawyer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rebutt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maru)</font> 6 tr <br> refute; invalidate, disprove; offer a rebuttal<br> <br> <font size=+1>en veLakkatte vaaddiyaaru maruttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher rebutted my explanation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manakkaN muL koNTuvaa)</font> 2c intr <br> remind, remember, bring (back) to mind, conjure up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The indicted MP's were unable to recall what the lobbyists said to them, or when</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> remember, recollect; ring a bell (in o's mind)<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avane nallaa teriyum, aanaalum avan peeru nenevukku varalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I know him quite well, but can't recall his name</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba aze)</font> 6b tr <br> ask or order to return; summon to return from a place or from a different occupation<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuuduvare tarkaalihamaaha tirumba azeppadaaha teriviccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They informed us that the ambassador was being recalled</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ? </B> <font size=+1>(?tirumba aze)</font> 6b tr <br> cancel, revoke, or take back, as a defective product; call for s.t. to be returned to the manufacturer<br> <font size=+1>Volkswagen has had to recall all the new Beetles sold here recently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaabahappaTuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> summon back to awareness or of concern with the subject or situation at hand; remember , recollect, call to mind; think back on/to, look back on, reminisce about <br> <br> <font size=+1>anda sambavam avane tan kaTameyecceyya nyaabahappaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The incident recalled him to a sense of duty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marudaliccu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> make a formal disavowal or a formal retraction of a belief, a doctrine, etc.; withdraw, renounce, or say that one no longer holds an opinion or belief, especially one considered heretical or erroneous<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The prisoner was forced to recant his testimony</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recapitulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mukkiya anjangaLe tohuttureccu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> summarize and state again the main points of: repeat in concise form: epitomize; go briefly through again<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He concluded his speech by recapitulating the main points</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recede</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?</B> <font size=+1>(??odungu?)</font> go back, down, or away, usually by flowing<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze niNNadum taNNi kareylerundu ??</font><br> <font size=+1>Once the rain stopped, the water started receding from the banks of the river</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(marandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move back in memory; become dim; fall back, ebb, abate, subside<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaL pooha pooha anda sambavatte marandu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>As the days passed, the incident receded from my mind</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) , </B> <font size=+1>(mangi poo, marenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become or be perceived as becoming farther away; retreat, slip away<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The hills seemed to recede in the distance</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>receive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept, admit; open o.s. to<br> <br> <font size=+1>tarumapura maTattooTa saami kuTutta nallaasiye muzu manasooTa eettukkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wholeheartedly received the blessings offered me by the head of the Dharumapuram Mutt</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 4 tr <br> acquire, accept or take, get; take delivery of;<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda peenaave inaamaaha pettukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He received this pen as a gift</font><br> 1) (eettukko) 2) (eettukko) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyaNum)</font> defct. <br> acquire knowledge of or information about<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We are waiting to receive more information before coming to a conclusion</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> meet with: experience<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They received a warm welcome when they returned to their ancestral land</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reciprocate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parivaruttane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b intr <br> give or take mutually: interchange<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>`??</font><br> <font size=+1>I invited him to our home many times, but he didn't reciprocate</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parimaarikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> show or feel in return or response<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I thanked him for his contribution, but he didn't reciprocate</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((vaayppaaTam) oppuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> repeat or say aloud (s.t. rehearsed or memorized, esp to do so before an audience)<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLikkuuTattukku pooradukku munnaale appaa vaayppaaTTe oppuvikkacconnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>My father asked me to recite the multiplication tables before going to school</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((moreppaTi) variseyaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> list, enumerate; say in order; say aloud; deliver, declaim, speak, render; (inf.) rattle off<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattaam nuuttaaNTule aaNTa raajaakkaLooTa peereyellaam moreppaTiyaaha variseyaa sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He recited the names of all the kings who ruled in the tenth century</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reckless, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNinjiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be out of control; be heedless, rash, impetuous; disregard the consequences or danger of s.t.; be determined; be rash, careless, thoughtless, heedless, unheeding, hasty, overhasty, precipitate, preci<br> <br> <font size=+1>sankar edukkum tuNinjiTara goNam irukkravan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sankar's main character trait is to be reckless</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reckon (see think, believe, figure)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reclaim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring land (back) into use; make land fit for cultivation<br> <br> <font size=+1>vanaandaramaana nelatte taNNi paacci payiriTa tahudiyaakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They reclaimed the desert by irrigating it and making it fit for cultivation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siirpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> save s.o. from a bad way of life; rehabilitate, bring back<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTipazakkattulerundu avane siirpaTutta evvaLavoo moyarcci senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried very hard to reclaim him from his alcoholism</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(urimeyooTu eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take back what is due; seize property that has not been paid for; retrieve or recover; obtain the return of s.t. previously lost, given, or paid; get back, take back, regain <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He reclaimed his ownership of the car when I stopped making payments on it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(urimeyooTu eTuttukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> take back what is due; seize property that has been unpaid for<br> <br> <font size=+1>inge irukkradule enna veeNumoo urimeyooTa eTuttukko</font><br> <font size=+1>Reclaim anything you have a right to take from here.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recline</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 2b tr <br> incline or bend a thing; cause to incline; recline, lay back, collapse<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleyileerundu veele seydadanaale appaa naakkaaliyile konjam neeram saanjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Having worked all morning, father took a break and reclined in a chair for a while</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saanjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> lie back or down in a relaxed position with the back supported; kick back, lean back; be recumbent; relax, repose, loll, lounge, sprawl, stretch out<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ippaTi naakkaaliile saanjirundu oru kuTTittuukkam pooTungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you recline in this chair and take a nap?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recognize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeyaaLam kaNTukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> know to be s.t. that has been perceived before; identify (a person or thing) as already known; know again; place, spot, recall, recollect, remember, call to mind.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane oTanee aTeyaaLam kaNTukiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I recognized him right away</font><br> 1) (kiTa) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oppukoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> perceive or acknowledge the validity or reality of (a claim, an objection, a treaty, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan maruttu sonnadu saridaanNNu oppukiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He recognized the validity of his objections</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(terinju koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> identify or know from previous experience or knowlege<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayyezuttlerundu inda ezutte ezudinadu kaNNandaanNu terinjukiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I recognized the handwriting on this letter to be Kannan's</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recoil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> suddenly spring or shrink back, or flinch in fear, loathing, horror, or disgust; feel fear, horror, or disgust at the thought of s.t.; draw back, jump back, pull back, shy away, flinch, start, wince<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambe paattu aruvaruppu koNTu pinvaanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They recoiled in disgust from the sight of the snake</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recollect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> recall to o's mind; remember s.t.; call to mind, think of; think back to, look back on, reminisce about<br> <br> <font size=+1>saNTekki munnaale naTanda sambavangaLe neneccuppaattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to recollect the sequence of events leading up to the quarrel</font><br> 1) (njaabahappaTuttikko) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recommend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sibaarisu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 6b tr <br> speak in favor of, plead a case for; suggest or put forward with approval as fit for some purpose or use. suggest (a person) as suitable for a particular position; advise as a course of action; advis<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda periya veele enakku keTekkaNumngradukkaaha saami enakkaaha sibaarisu senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>In order for me to get that higher post, Mr.Swamy recommended my case very strongly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sibaarisu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> praise or commend to another as being desirable or worthy, endorse; advocate, commend, put in a good word for, speak favorably of, look with favor on, endorse, approve, vouch for, suggest, offer, put<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tooTTakkaarar yaaraavade sibaarisu seyya muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you recommend a gardener?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recompense (see reward)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reconcile</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> bring (o.s.) to accept; make peace with an idea, proposal, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>innum oru maasam viTaama valiccuTTirukkumNngra seediye eettukkradu kashTamaayirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It is difficult to reconcile myself to the fact that I will have to endure the pain for another month</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> eliminate discrepancies between two positions, as in financial records, property disputes, etc.; balance (out); resolve differences between<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I need to reconcile my checkbook, which hasn't balanced in over three months</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eNakki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> reestablish friendship or good relations between; reunite, bring together, restore harmony between, make peace between, resolve differences between, bring to terms, pacify, appease<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattu varushamaa peesaamalirunda reNTu sahoodarangaLeyum eNakki vekka moyarcci senjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She tried to reconcile the two brothers, who had not spoken to each other for ten years</font><br> 1) (samaadaanappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(seendiru)</font> 7 intr <br> come together, live together; reunite, achieve harmony or peace between, resolve differences between, come to terms<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya naNbarunga konja kaalamaa oNNu seendirukkaanga appaTingradu sandooshamaanadu</font><br> <font size=+1>it is a pleasure to note that the old friends have become reconciled again</font><br> 1) (kuuTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>record</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuriccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> note down (details, etc.); make an accurate record of s.t.; put on record, set down, write down, put in writing, take down, put down, enter, make a note of, document, minute, register, chronicle, file<br> !<br> <font size=+1>naan peesumpoodu naan solradeyellaam sariyaa kuriccukko!</font><br> <font size=+1>Please record what I say correctly when I am speaking!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTiyalule kuriccuTu @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> enter in a list; put down on paper<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vaarattule selavaziccadeyellaam paTTiyalule kuriccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He recorded all of his weekly expenses.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuriccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> register, indicate; make note of; keep a register or record of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusha paatta kuruvinga eNNikkeye kuriccu vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They recorded the number of birds they had seen this year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(rekkaarT paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> register (sound) in permanent form by electrical or mechanical means of reproduction<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paaTTe rekkaarT paNNa ozungu senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They made arrangements to have her songs recorded</font><br> 1) (olippadivu ceyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(padivu seyyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set down for preservation in writing or other permanent form<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaalattu sarittirangaLeyellaam ooleyle padivu senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days, historical facts would be recorded on palm leaves</font><br> 1) (ezudi vayyi) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recover</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTal nele teeru)</font> 3 intr <br> restore health; get better; convalesce; return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength; recuperate, get better, convalesce, regain o's strength, get stronger, get back on o's feet ; be on<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTal nele teerinavoTanee oyar adihaari veelaikku tirumbinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The senior official returned to work as soon he had recovered</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLiccuTu @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> regain success after a failure; bounce back; get on o's feet again<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNattolleylerundu samaaliccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He recovered from his financial setback</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muurcce teLi)</font> 2b intr <br> restore (o.s.) to a normal state, as from a faint<br> <br> <font size=+1>muurcceleerundu teLinju ezumbina oTanee ellooreyum tiTTa toTanginaa</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as she recovered from having passed out, she started scolding everybody</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbapperu)</font> 4 tr <br> regain possession or use or control of; reclaim, get back; win back, recoup, retrieve, reclaim, repossess, redeem, recuperate, recapture<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTTuppoona saamaangaLe tirumba peruvadu romba abuurvam</font><br> <font size=+1>Its rare to recover stolen property</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuNappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> regain health after illness; recuperate, get better, convalesce, regain o's strength, get stronger, get back on o's feet; be on the mend, be on the road to recovery, pick up, rally, respond to tr<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaarum edirpaaraame puttu nooylerundu kuNappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He recovered from cancer, against all odds</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recruit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaLpiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> engage (persons) for duty in the armed forces<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTaavadu mahaa yuttattule paTTaaLattukku aaLpiTikka graamangaLukkum vandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During the second world war, they came to the villages to recruit men to fight in the army</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaL eTu)</font> 6 intr <br> provide with new members or employees; enlist, enroll, sign up, draft, conscript, levy, engage, obtain, acquire, procure, take on, round up, muster<br> <br> <font size=+1>aruvaTe kaalattule veelekki pudu aaLeTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to recruit new workers for the harvest season</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rectify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sari kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> counterbalance; neutralize; set right; sort out, deal with, amend, remedy, repair, fix, make good, resolve, settle; (inf.) patch up.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaNukkum peNNukkum inda uurule irukkra oppinmeye sarikaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The inequality between men and women in this town must be rectified.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevule vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> return or come back to o's attention or memory; experience d{\'e}ja vu; experience flashbacks<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaacciye evvaLavoo taTave paattadu avan nenevukku vandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The thought that he had seen this scene several times recurred to him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba tirumba tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> occur or come up again or repeatedly; reoccur, happen again, come back, return, reappear, be repeated, repeat itself, happen repeatedly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ezuttile adee peze tirumba tirumba tooNiiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The same error recurred again and again in his letter</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>recycle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ubayoohiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> remove useful materials from (garbage or waste); extract and reuse (useful substances recovered from waste)<br> <br> <font size=+1>saamaangaLe tuukki eriyaama ade marubaTiyum ubayoohiccukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to take garbage and things and instead of burning them, recycle them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>redeem</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> pay off or back, as a promissory note<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He redeemed the loan before it was due.</font><br> 1) (puurtti ceyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(miiLu)</font> ?? <br> pay a specified amount to reclaim o's property; recover by expenditure of effort or by a stipulated payment; buy back; reclaim, get back, regain, retrieve, repossess, recoup, repurchase<br> <br> <font size=+1>muuNu naaLukkuLLa abadaaram selutti miiTkalleNNaa aaTuhaLe eelam viTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If the (confiscated) goats are not redeemed within three days, they will be auctioned off</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(miiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> gain possession of by payment of a specified amount<br> w d d ff f x ?<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>redress (see rectify, remedy)</b></font><br> x <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reduce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size; soften a blow; weaken the effect of s.t.; lessen, lower, decrease, diminish, cut, curtail, contract, shorten, abbreviate, moderate, dilute, mitiga<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tanooTa poTTiyooTa ganatte koreccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reduced the weight of his suitcase</font><br> 1) (surungu) 3 intr<br> 2) (kuruhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 6b tr <br> calm s.t. down; mitigate; subdue; abate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa sneydanooTe koobatte konjam konjamaa taNicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was able to get my friend to simmer down a bit and in the process, reduce his anger</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> diminish, reduce, cut, alleviate; slow down, make less<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii romba veehamaa kaaru ooTTurade kaTTuppaTutta veeNTiyadu avasiyam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's very urgent that you reduce your speed and control your driving</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuLtuuLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make into powder, as by pounding or grinding: pulverize<br> , , <br> <font size=+1>varutta kottamalliye tuuLtuuLaakki, olara vaccu, ade kuppiyle aTeccu vekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The roasted coriander should be reduced to the consistency of flour, dried, and stored in a container</font><br> 1) (poTipoTiyaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> diminish, rein in, lessen, lower, decrease, cut, curtail, contract, shorten, abbreviate, moderate, dilute, mitigate, alleviate, abate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTumpattooTa varumaanam adihamaa selavungaLe kaTTuppaTutta veeNTiyadu rombavum mukkiyamaanadu</font><br> <font size=+1>in order to increase the income of the family, it is important to reduce expenditures</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> bring to a certain lesser state or condition; become impoverished, straightened<br> <br> <font size=+1>panjam avane inda darittire nelekki koNTuvanduTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was reduced to poverty because of the famine</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(saambalaappoo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 4 intr <br> become less; assume a lesser state than previously; disintegrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiippiTiccu viiTu saambalaappooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The house was reduced to ashes by the fire</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(taazttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring down, lower, make less<br> <br> <font size=+1>veleye taattikkoNTee poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He continued to reduce his prices</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(melinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> lose weight (esp. due to illness)<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avanukku joram vandu melinjuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has lost weight (reduced) from his illness</font><br> 1)( ) ((oTembu) paadi aahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(korenjukkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become diminished<br> <br> <font size=+1>teengaa vele naaLukku naaL korenjuTTee poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The price of coconuts is getting reduced day by day</font><br> 1) (surungu) 3 intr<br> 2) (kuruhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reduce (price)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vele kore)</font> 6b tr <br> lower the price of; sell more cheaply, or at a discount; give s.o. a break on the price; knock down the price; knock s.t. off the price<br> <br> <font size=+1>onga kaTe vaaTikkeyaaLarngradunaale vele koreccu sollunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I am a regular customer of your shop, please reduce the price for me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reduce, to ashes</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saampalaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> burn (down); destroy<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaTidatte posukki saambalaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reduced the letter to ashes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reduced (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaz)</font> 2 intr <br> be abated or lowered, be straightened; be (made) a shadow of its former self<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kuTumbam ippa konjam taazndu pooyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That family is now living in economically reduced circumstances</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reduced, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be alleviated, be pacified, be brought down; be mitigated<br> <br> <font size=+1>cennai poonra periya naharangaLule ippodaan tiruTTubayam ooraLavukku aTangiyirukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>In Madras and other large cities it is only a recent thing that the fear of theft has been somewhat reduced</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reek</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neTi viisu)</font> 3 intr <br> give off or permeate with a strong, unpleasant odor; smell strongly; stink; (metaph.) give off strong indications of<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>pakkattle poonaa oruvida saaraaya neTi viisum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you stand close to him, you'll discover that he reeks of alcohol</font><br> 1) (naaRu) 3 intr<br> 2) (tuurnaattam ezumbu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tale suttu)</font> 3b intr <br> feel dizzy, unstable, as from fever, shock, excessive heat etc.; spin, as the head, the mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tale suttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My head's reeling (from the shock)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaari vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> be thrown off balance or fall back; pull or turn back<br> <br> <font size=+1>seediye keeTTadum avan taTumaari vizappoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reeled back in shock when he heard the news</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(cuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> wind thread, yarn, cord, wire, etc on a reel or spool<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He reeled in the fish</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> stagger, lurch, or sway as from inebriation; teeter, totter, wobble, lurch, pitch, roll.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTiveriyle avan taLLaaTi taLLaaTi naTandu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reeled and staggered around in a drunken stupor</font><br> 1) (aaTTam koLLu) 1 intr<br> 2) (uusalaaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reel off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTa maTaNNu sollikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> recite effortlessly and usually at length, from memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTatte maTamaTaNNu solliiTTee poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The boy reeled off his lesson without a hitch</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>refer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> submit (a matter in dispute) to an authority for arbitration, decision , or examination<br> <br> <font size=+1>vivaadatte arasanTTe oppaTeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They referred the dispute to the king</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allude or make reference to; direct the attention of s.o. to; touch on, speak of/about, talk of/about, write about, comment on, deal with, point out, call attention to, mention<br> <br> <font size=+1>praccaneyep patti kurippiTalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He didn't refer to the problem</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>refer indirectly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> allude to, mention in passing; touch on briefly or tangentially<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu maadiriyaangra visheyangaLe kurippaa sollaNum, appaTiingrade kavanattule vaccukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Keep in mind that you should always refer only indirectly to such important matters of this kind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>refine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poTamiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> purify by smelting, as of gold, etc.; remove impurities or unwanted elements from; clarify, clear, cleanse, strain, sift, filter, distill, process<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tangatte poTamiTTadukku appuram taan ade vippaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He would sell the gold only after refining it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naahariihamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> acquire polish or elegance; become finer, more distinguished<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>paTTikkaaTTleerundu vanda anda aasaami reNTu paTattule naTiccadum evvaLavu naahariihamaayTTaar teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>See how refined he's become after acting in just two movies!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikarippu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> free of impurities; cleanse; remove adulterations; clear, strain, sift, filter, distill, process<br> <br> <font size=+1>eNNeppaneye pizinjeTuttu suttiharippu seyyum aaleye amekka anumadi kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have permission to set up factories to refine palm oil</font><br> 1) (tuuymeyaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (teLivupaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(suttamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> purify, reduce to a pure state; remove impurities; clear, cleanse, strain, sift, filter, distill, process<br> <br> <font size=+1>tangatteppooluLLa uloohangaLe tuppravu senja perahudaan ubayoohikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Metals such as gold have to be refined before they can be used</font><br> 1) (meruhu kuTu) 6 intr<br> 2) (menmeyaakku) 3 tr<br> 3) (tupprevu ceyyi) 2b tr<br> 4) (paNpaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reflect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pradibali)</font> 6b tr <br> throw back (light) from a surface<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTi veLiccatte pradibalikka seyyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Mirrors reflect light</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2 intr <br> mirror; be seen (as) in a mirror; throw back light<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTiyle ava moham nallaa terinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He saw her face reflected in the mirror</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> manifest as a result of o's actions<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paaTatte gavanikkaadadu avan iruppule kaaTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His lack of interest in the lesson is reflected in his posture</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> show; turn light back; indicate; show an image of; cause (light etc.) to rebound; throw back, cast back, send back, give back, scatter, diffuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan senja kaariyam avanmeele nambikke vekkakkuuTaaduNNu eTuttukkaaTTradu</font><br> <font size=+1>His actions reflect badly on his trustworthiness</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aaloosi)</font> 6b intr <br> consider s.t. carefully and at length; think about s.t. esp. in a new or different way; think back on s.t.; ruminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>nallaa aaloosicca perahu taan senjadu tappuNNu paTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He reflected on his action and decided that it had been a mistake</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reform</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattiyame)</font> 6b tr <br> change, amend; make or become better by the removal of faults and errors; improve, reshape; transmogrify <br> <br> <font size=+1>tamizule irukkra veere sela ezuttungaLe maattiyamekkaNum appaTingradule sandeeham eduvum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is no doubt that some of the existing letters in the Tamil language need to be reformed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siirtiruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> improve by altering, correcting errors, or removing defects<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu mandirikki paTippe siirtiruttaNumNu oree aarvam</font><br> <font size=+1>The newly elected minister was eager to reform education</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(siirpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> eliminate abuse or malpractice in; cause (s.o.) to relinquish an immoral, criminal, or self-destructive lifestyle<br> <br> <font size=+1>lanjam vaangra vazakkatte oziccu naaTTe siirpaTuttaNumNu ellaarum edirpaattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone hoped that the country could be reformed by abolishing the practice of bribery</font><br> 1) (tiruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tirundu)</font> 3 intr <br> give up irresponsible or immoral practices, change for the better; improve, make better, ameliorate, amend, mend, rectify, correct, rehabilitate, change, revise, revolutionize, reorganize, reconstru<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahanukku oru poNNe kaTTiviTTaa tirundi viTuvaaNNu attekki oree nambikke</font><br> <font size=+1>My aunt was firmly convinced that her son would only be reformed of his evil ways if he would get married</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>refrain from</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkikkoo @(shb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> hold o.s. back, forbear; restrain, control, or stop o.s. from doing s.t. ; avoid doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennaale vaaye aTakkikiTTu peesaamalirukka muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't refrain from speaking</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>refresh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eLeppaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause s.o. to rest, take refreshment<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We were refreshed by being allowed to stop, have a nap, and something to drink</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neneppuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> renew by stimulation; give or impart new strength or energy to; reinvigorate;<br> . <br> <font size=+1>enakk-anda sangadiyellaam marandupooccu. konjam neneppuuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you refresh my memory by providing me with details of the incident?</font><br> 1) (njaabahappaTuttu) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uyir vaa)</font> 2c intr + dat. <br> revive with or as if with rest, food, or drink; give fresh spirit or vigor to<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kaappi saappiTTadum uyir vandaapple irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I felt refreshed after I had had some coffee</font><br> 1) (puttuNarcci uuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>refuse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(udavamaru)</font> 6 tr <br> be disinclined to oblige or help; be unhelpful<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaar keeTTaalum ava udavamaruttadille</font><br> <font size=+1>She has not refused to help anyone who asked her</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTi sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> stand in the way of s.t.; block a request, etc.; indicate unwillingness to do s.t. or accept or grant s.t.; decline or withhold acceptance of or consent to s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan virumbi keeTTade ennaale taTTi solla muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I was unable to refuse what he asked for</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maruttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> deprive o.s.; deny o.s. s.t.; refuse s.t.; abnegate<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>?naan keeTTa veeNTukoLLe senju kuTukka avaru maruttuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>?He refused to complete the request I made of him</font><br> 1) (taTu) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>refute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maruttu peecu)</font> 3 tr <br> oppose s.t. as false; argue against s.t. as untrue; speak out against s.t.<br> <font size=+1>I couldn't allow what he said to stand as true, so I immediately began to refute his claims</font><br> 1) (sandeehappaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poyNNu kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> prove to be false or mistaken: disprove<br> ..??. . <br> <font size=+1>ovvoru naaLum putiya putiya .??..caaTTraanga. adellaam poyNNu kaaTTradukkee ...</font><br> <font size=+1>Every day they come up with a new allegation, and it takes all day just to refute them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>regain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 4 tr <br> recover ownership of; get back use or control of; reclaim<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaa tan swadandratte pera romba kashTappaTTu pooraaTiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>India had to struggle hard to regain its independence</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(miiNTum aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> reach again; get back to where one once was<br> <br> <font size=+1>~no spoken equivalent~</font><br> <font size=+1>They regained their top ranking after a setback</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>regale</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mahizcciyuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> delight or entertain, give pleasure to; wine and dine, fte, feast, serve, feed<br> <br> <font size=+1>kade solli engaLe mahizcciyuuTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They regaled us with stories of their travels</font><br> 1) (sandoosheppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(virundu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> entertain lavishly with food and drink; provide a feast for<br> <br> <font size=+1>sondakkaarangaLukku virundu pooTTu koNTaaTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They regaled their relatives with a feast</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>regard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruT paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> give heed, pay attention; consider as worthy or valuable<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaar sonnade poruTpaTuttalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He didn't regard what the teacher told him as worth anything</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(madi)</font> 6b tr <br> have great esteem for; hold in great esteem; have a high opinion of; consider or think of in a specified way; look upon or view; consider<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare romba sereppaa madiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They regarded him with great esteem</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karudu)</font> 3 intr <br> look on or consider in a specific way; consider, view, see, think of, judge, deem, estimate, assess, reckon, adjudge, rate, gauge <br> <br> <font size=+1>avane naNbanNu karudinadu tappudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a mistake to have regarded him as a friend</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>register</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> show or display outwardly, esp. emotion, feelings, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>anda bayangramaana seydiyekkeeTTadum enakku oree adircci. aanaa ava anda seydiye terinja maadiri kaaTTaveeyille</font><br> <font size=+1>I was shocked to hear the terrible news, but she didn't register any emotion on hearing it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 2b intr <br> indicate as on an instrument or scale; show as<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inge eerpaTTa nelenaTukkam rikTar aLavumaaniyle sh.z alahaaha padinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The earthquake registered 4.7 on the Richter scale</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(padivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> enroll formally or officially; place on official rolls or records; make an official record of<br> <br> <font size=+1>anju vayasu muTinja perahudaan empayyane paLLikkuuTattile padivu seyya muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I can register my son for school only after he has reached the age of five.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadule paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> affect; be perceived; have an effect on; be cognizant of; hit home<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan sonnadu oNNum avan kaadile paTTadaa tooNalle</font><br> <font size=+1>It does not appear as though my words registered with him at all</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>regress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nele moosamaahu)</font> 4 intr <br> revert or return to a former and usually worse condition; return mentally to a former stage of life or a supposed previous life. <br> . . <br> <font size=+1>atte sohamaahiviTuvaangaNNu neneccoom. aanaa neettu tiTiirNNu nele moosamaaccu. oTanee aaspattriile koNTupoonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Our aunt was getting better. But she started regressing yesterday, and we had to take her to the hospital</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>regret</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varundu)</font> 3 intr <br> commiserate; feel or express sorrow or distress over s.t.; feel contrite about, feel remorse about/for, be remorseful about, rue, repent (of), feel repentant about, be regretful at/about<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasan poor toolviye nenaccu varundaada naaLe ille</font><br> <font size=+1>Not a single day goes by when the king does not regret the defeat in the war</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel bad, guilty; be sorry; feel sad, repentant, contrite, or disappointed over/about; repent , rue<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazkkeyile sela tappe senjadukkaaha ippo romba varuttappaTreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I really regret some of the mistakes I made in my life</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>regulate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> control, direct, manage, or govern according to a rule, principle or system<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan veele eettumadi erakkumadiye ozungupaTuttradudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>His job is to regulate exports and imports</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iyantiram mutaliyavaiyai ozungaaka icaiyavai)</font> 6b tr <br> adjust in conformity to a requirement or specification<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungupaTuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> discipline; make order; govern or control by rule or law; subject to legal or regulatory restrictions<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurle saTTatte ozungupaTuttradudaan en kurikkooLu</font><br> <font size=+1>My aim is to regulate law and order in this town.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rehabilitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuNappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> restore to good health or useful life, as through education, retraining, discipline, or therapy; (inf.) rehab<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people believe that murderers can be rehabilitated in prison</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rehearse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottihe seyyi)</font> 2b tr <br> practice (a song, play or dance) esp. in preparation for a performance<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru maasamaa inda paaTTe ottihe senjuTTirukkroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We've been rehearsing this song for a month now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNTu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> have the greatest authority or importance<br> j <br> <font size=+1>pyujaT savuNTule, maikrosofT aaNTukiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>In Puget Sound, Microsoft reigns supreme.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTci seluttu)</font> 3 intr <br> exercise sovereign power, as by a monarch<br> j j <br> <font size=+1>rajarajavarma pattu varusham aaTci seluttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>King Rajarajavarma reigned for ten years</font><br> 1) j (raajyam paNNu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reimburse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(selave iiTu seyyi)</font> 2b intr <br> repay s.o. for money spent<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelekkaaha selavu senja paNatte iiTu seyvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>You will be reimbursed for your job-related expenses</font><br> 1) (tiruppikkuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rein (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> guide, check, control or restrain with or as with reins<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaareppaattadum kaTivaaLatte izuttuppiTiccaTakku kudireye aTakkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I reined in the horse as soon as I saw the car</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> check or hold back; restrain; bring under control<br> <br> <font size=+1>vanda koobatte kashTappaTTu aTakkikiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to rein in my anger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reinforce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> strengthen, intensify, fortify, augment, (inf.) beef up<br> <br> <font size=+1>uur jananga ellaam seendu eerikkareye valuppaTuttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people of the town got together to reinforce the banks of the lake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(miiNTum amulukku koNTuvaa)</font> 2c tr <br> give more force or effectiveness to, support or strengthen; fortify, bolster up, shore up, buttress, prop up, brace, back up, uphold, stress, underline, emphasize<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda ceyal avan sonnade valuppaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reinforced his arguments with facts</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(baluppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> strengthen militarily with supplementary manpower or material<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The western front will be reinforced with troops coming from the south</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(valuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> strengthen as by adding extra support or padding<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The cement wall was reinforced with bands of steel</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> reward, so as to increase the likelihood of repetition<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Reinforcing good behavior is more effective than punishing bad behavior</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reinstate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazeya padaviyle amattu)</font> 3 tr <br> restore to or replace in a former condition or position; return to power, put back, bring back, reinstitute, reinstall<br> j <br> <font size=+1>raajinaamaa senja mandriye pazeya padaviyle amattinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister was reinstated to the position he had resigned from earlier</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reject</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> throw away: discard; get rid of s.o. or s.t. as no longer useful or desirable; dispose of, toss out, jettison, scrap, dispense with, cast aside, repudiate, abandon, relinquish, forsake, drop, have do<br> ?? ?<br> <font size=+1>keTTuppoona pazangaLeyellaam velekki vai ?? odukku vayeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Lets discard the rotten fruit</font><br> 1) (taLLiyuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maru)</font> 6 tr <br> refuse to accept, recognize, or make use of; repudiate; reject, say no to, dismiss, rebuff, repel, repulse, ban, bar, debar, forbid, prohibit, veto, embargo, proscribe, negate, cancel, disclaim, diso<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanukku odava ellaarum tayaaraa irundaanga. aanaa avanoo odaviye eerka maruttuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone was ready to help him, but he rejected all offers of help</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> refuse recognition or affection to a person; disown; disavow, shun<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkattuviiTTukkaararukku tan payyan tan ishTeppaTi kalyaaNam paNNinaaNNu avane taLLi vaccuTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Our neighbor rejected (disowned) his son because he got married without his consent</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rejoice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLippaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> feel joy or happiness, as to see a friend's success, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>I rejoice to see your success.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel or be joyful<br> . <br> <font size=+1>kaasillaada anda manushanukku laaTTeriile pattu laccam ruuvaa keTecca seedi ippadaan terinjidu. tan adirshTatte neneccu romba sandooshappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole family rejoiced at her good fortune in winning the lottery</font><br> 1) (makizcciyaTe) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rejuvenate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyiruuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> breathe life into, enliven, spark, perk up, liven up; animate<br> , . <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTu puucceTi taNNi illaama kaayudu. iNNekki adukku taNNi uutti uyiruuTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Our houseplant is drying out without water. I need to water it today and rejuvenate it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relapse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nele moosamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> regress after partial recovery from an illness; decline suddenly in health to former unhealthy state<br> , <br> <font size=+1>muurcce teLinju ezumbiviTuvaaNNu tooNiccu, aanaa edirpaaraama nele moosamaahi peeccu muuccillaama saanju vizundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She seemed to be recovering from her faint, but soon relapsed into unconsciousness, unable to speak or breathe</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(marubaTiyum vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall back or revert to an earlier state<br> <br> <font size=+1>sigareTTu kuTi maadiri uLLa keTTa pazakkattule marubaTiyum vizaamaliruppadu romba kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is very difficult not to relapse into old habits such as smoking</font><br> 1) (pazeya nelekku tirumbu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> interact with others in a significant or coherent way; get along with people; be sympathetic to or with; resonate with<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avan ellaarTTeyum romba sahajamaa pazahuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He relates well with everyone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vevariccu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> tell or narrate; recount<br> .<br> <font size=+1>avanukku neenda sambavatte vevariccu sonnaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>He related the details of his adventure.</font><br> 1) (terivi) 6b tr<br> 2) (vistari) 6b tr<br> 3) (aLa) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toTarpu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring into logical or natural association; have to do with s.t.; be connected with s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Many changes have taken place, especially those relating to employment</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTTu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> concern, be directed towards; reconcile; bring into accord or agreement with<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It is difficult to relate your arguments to the facts at hand</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relate (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> understand and like; respond, esp. in a favorable way<br> <br> <font size=+1>tarkaalattu ooviyakkaleye enakku konjam kuuTa piTikkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't relate to modern painting</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relax</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> fold, fold up; clasp; allow to go limp<br> <br> <font size=+1>{\d d}aakTar kaiye konjam maTakka sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor said to relax my hand a bit</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eLeppaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> take o's ease; rest from effort; engage in recreation, unwind; (inf.) kick back; let o's hair down; chill out, let it all hang out,<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>konjam eLeppaaralaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we relax for a while?</font><br> 1) (ooyveTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taNinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> reduce in intensity; abate or slacken<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Things have relaxed in this region since the fall of communism.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taLarttiiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make lax, loose, less firm, or tense; loosen, weaken<br> <br> <font size=+1>piTiye taLattiiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She relaxed her grip on my arm</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> relieve from effort or strain, as o's muscles<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I need to relax after that workout</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(moham malar)</font> 7 intr <br> become less stiff or rigid; show less anxiety, concern about s.t.; soften the features<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaLe paattadum avar moham malandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His worried face relaxed into a smile when he recognized us</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relaxed (be/come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become lax or loose; become less strict or stringent<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Regulations about currency exchange have been relaxed somewhat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(solli anuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> pass or send along from one person to another; send by or as if by relay<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahaLukku piLLe peranda seydiye ellaarukkum solli anuppinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He relayed the information to one and all that his daughter had had a baby</font><br> 1) (terivi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>release</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> let go; dismiss; discharge; let go from imprisonment<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaidingaLe viTTuviTumbaTi niidibadi uttaraviTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge ordered that the prisoners be released</font><br> 1) (tappa viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> leave, get away from; let go; come away (from); set free; liberate; unfasten; emancipate<br> <br> <font size=+1>peNakkaidihaLe viTTuTumbaTi pradamaru tiiviravaadingaLe keeTTukkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The prime minister appealed to the terrorists to release the hostages</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> set free; liberate; save, deliver; let go<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTattalkaaranga tangaLooTa piTileyirundu ellaareyum viTuviccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The kidnappers released everyone in their custody</font><br> 1) (tappa viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viTuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> set free from (an obligation); let go, let off<br> <br> <font size=+1>palkalaikkazakam poona maasam appaave peeraaciriyar veeleyilerundu viTuviccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The university released my father from the position of professor last month</font><br> 1) (tappa viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tera)</font> 7 intr <br> let flow water that has been dammed up<br> <font size=+1>Every year there's a battle in the southern states about how much Kaveri water will be released</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(avu(z)ttu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> unfasten, free, or let go of; give free rein to<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTTe avu(z)ttu viTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Release (untie) the cow (and let her go)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(viTudale kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> set free from confinement, restraint, or bondage<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNTaneye rattu senju kaydikki viTudale kuTuttanuppinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They released the prisoner</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(veLi iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> permit performance, sale, publication, or circulation of, as a book, movie, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu paTatte neettudaan veLiyiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The new movie was just released yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> liberate; set free; let go<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuruviye kuuNTileerundu parakka viTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He released the bird from its cage</font><br> 1) (tappa viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release from o's clasp or grasp; unclasp; free from bondage<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne viTTuTuNNu avan kaTattalkaarangakiTTe kenjinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He pleaded with the kidnappers to release him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>released, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTudaleyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be set free; be liberated, be emancipated<br> <br> <font size=+1>inniki maaran jeyillerundu viTudaleyaaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Maran is getting released from jail today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relegate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> send or consign, esp. to an inferior or obscure place, position or condition; lower the priority of s.t.; leave for later consideration; refer, assign, or hand over (e.g. a task) for performance or de<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>People used to be relegated to unpopular places if they offended the rulers</font><br> 1) (naaTu kaTattu) 3 tr<br> 2) (nilaiyil amarttu) 3 tr<br> 3) (oppaTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neleyle amattu)</font> 3 tr <br> assign to a specified (usually lower) level or class<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He refused to be relegated to the position of a messenger</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> be calmed, become cool, simmer down<br> . <br> <font size=+1>pala naaLukku perahu avarooTa koovam konjam taNinjirukku. adu paravaayille</font><br> <font size=+1>it's a good thing that his anger has relented after so many days</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manam erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become softened or gentler in attitude or temper; change the mind in favor of s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa manamerangi tambikki maruttuva sihiccekki paNam kuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My father [though originally determined not to support my brother], eventually relented and helped him out with his medical expenses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relieve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pari kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take away from, (fig.) rob, steal<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTanga avaLooTa parse parikuTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Thieves 'relieved' her of her handbag</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kore tiiru)</font> 6 intr <br> free from pain or trouble<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He has a new pain medication, which relieves him from back pain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sahaayam paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> furnish assistance to<br> <font size=+1>The neighbors stepped in and relieved him of some of his burdens, which helped a lot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> release (a person) from an obligation, restriction, or burden, as by judicial action or legislation<br> <br> <font size=+1>padavileyrundu niikkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They relieved him of his position</font><br> 1) (velakki vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(riliiv paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> free from a designated duty by providing or acting as a substitute<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When I relieved him so he could get some sleep, he'd been on duty 24 hours.</font><br> 1) (aaL maatti odavu) 3 tr<br> 2) (poruppeettu viTuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(uyir vaa)</font> 2c intr + dat. <br> make less unpleasant or tiresome; refresh or revive the spirits of; be revived or refreshed; be given a shot in the arm; be given a new lease on life<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade keeTTadum avanukku uyir vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was relieved to hear the news</font><br> 1) (appaaTaaNNu iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relieve o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malam kazi)</font> 6b intr <br> excrete bodily wastes<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>People who go camping have to relieve themselves in the woods</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relieved, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(baaram kore)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce a burden, an oppression or anxiety; be freed from fear, pain, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en payyanukku kalyaaNam naTanduTTaa enakku oru periya baaram korenjuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>I will be relieved of a big burden once my son gets married</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relinquish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tora)</font> 7 tr <br> give up; leave; reject; renounce, resign, abdicate, surrender, sign away; turn over to other authorities <br> <br> <font size=+1>munivarunga ellaam torandavanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Sages are those who relinquish everything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>relish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sandooshappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> take pleasure in, enjoy<br> <br> <font size=+1>viruppamaana palahaarangaLe saappiTappooreenNu mihavum sandooshappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He relished the idea of being able to eat his favorite snacks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soveccu saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> take pleasure in, esp. food; enjoy<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa samecca saappaaTTe soveccu saappiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He relished the food his mother had prepared for him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rely</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambikke vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> trust confidently; depend on with confidence or assurance; count on, bank on, place reliance on, reckon on/with; be confident of, be sure of, believe in, have faith in, trust in; (inf.) swear by<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan meele nambikke vaccadu tappudaanNu oNandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I realized that it was a mistake to have relied on him.</font><br> 1) (nambu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rely on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madi)</font> 6b tr <br> regard as valuable or worthy; have a high opinion of, think highly of, admire, approve of, appreciate, venerate, revere, honor, praise <br> <br> <font size=+1>manevi peecce madiccu naTandukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>You should rely on and respect your wife's judgement, and act accordingly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nambu)</font> 3 tr <br> depend on, have recourse to; trust; fall back on<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan inda arase ennikum nambamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will not rely on this government any time soon</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>remain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> continue without change of condition, quality, or place<br> <br> <font size=+1>niNNukiTTee irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He remained standing</font><br> 1) (nillu) 5 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(irunduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> stay in the same place; (inf.) stick around<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaana manushane kooyille irunduTTu poohaTTumNu viTTuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They gave permission for the old man to remain in the temple</font><br> 1) (keTa) 7 tr<br> 2) (nillu) 5 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(minji iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be left over after the removal, loss, or destruction of others<br> <br> <font size=+1>minjiyirukkum uppu niirle maangaaye tuNTutuNTaakki uura vekkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's marinate the mango slices in the remaining brine</font><br> 1) (miindiru) 7 intr<br> 2) (enjju) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(baakki iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be left over after the departure of others; be left, as change, in a monetary transaction<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTle tambi oruttandaan baakkiyirukkaan; mattelloorum veLiyuurle paTikka pooyTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My younger brother is the only child remaining at home; the others have gone abroad to continue their education</font><br> 1) (tangu) 3 intr<br> 2) (tangiyiru) 7 intr<br> 3) (neneccukko) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nelecciru)</font> 7 intr <br> continue to exist, endure, persist or last; (inf.) hang in there, stick around<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTTaTam irunuuru varushamaa neleccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This building remains standing even after two hundred years</font><br> 1) (niNNuTTiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tangiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> stay while others go<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLiyle poohamuTiyaama viiTTle tangiyirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Because they couldn't go out, they remained at home</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>remand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaavalle vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> place under custody before a trial; hand over to<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLiye piTiccuTTu pooy kaavalle vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The criminal was arrested and remanded in custody</font><br> 1) (aTeccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (sereele vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>remark</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> make a casual observation or comment<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaanatte paattu maze peyyappoohuduNNu sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Looking up at the sky, he remarked that it was going to rain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> say or write as an observation or comment; make an aside<br> <br> <font size=+1>arikkele uurppaLLikkuuTangaLellaam romba tuppuravaa irundadaa kurippiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He remarked in his report that the schools in the town were very clean</font><br> 1) (ezudi vayyi) 6b intr<br> 2) (arivi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> take notice of; observe or perceive<br> <br> <font size=+1>taamadamaaha vandade yaarum paattadaaha teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody seemed to have remarked the fact that she was late</font><br> 1) (gavani) 6b intr<br> 2) (poruppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>remedy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parihaaram seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> set right or rectify (an error); repair, fix, make good or better; put back in proper condition, put right<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ongaLukku senja tavarukku eppaTi parihaaram seyya muTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can I remedy the wrong that has been done to you?</font><br> 1) (iiTu seyyi) 2b intr<br> 2) (sarippaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>remember</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevukku varavaze)</font> 6b tr <br> recall to the mind; call up from the depths of memory; have in or be able to bring to o's mind an awareness of s.o. or s.t. previously known<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peere nenevukku varavazecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I made an effort to remember his name</font><br> 1) (njaabahattile vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manatil vaittukkoo)</font> 1 tr <br> retain in the mind; keep in the memory; not forget<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattu varushamaa anda sambavatte manasule vaccuTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After ten years, he still remembers that incident</font><br> 1) (njaabahattile vaccukko) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> recall to the mind an event, thing or person; think of or be reminded of s.t. again<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku foon senjadu nenevukku vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I remembered that I had telephoned him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(keeTTadaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> give greetings from<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaave keeTTadaa sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Remember me to your father</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaabahappaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> think carefully about s.t.; recall a plan or procedure to mind; think s.t. through<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii inda marunde denamum saappiTa veeNumNu nyaabahapaTuttikoo</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to make an effort to remember to take this medicine daily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>remind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaapakappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make sure not to forget; cause to remember<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaakku ezuttu ezuda nyaabahappaTutti ezudinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He wrote me to remind me to write to my father</font><br> 1) (neneppuuTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~X~ - </B> <font size=+1>(@X@ -poola iru)</font> 7 tr <br> cause to remember because of certain similarities etc.; bring to mind; bring up a mental picture of<br> <br> <font size=+1>on tambi enga maamaaveppoolavee irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Your younger brother reminds me of our uncle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reminisce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~X~ </B> <font size=+1>(@X@ patti peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> recollect and tell of bygone experiences or events<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaavum periyappaavum taattaakuuTa veeTTekki poonade patti peesikkiTTiruppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My father and uncle enjoy reminiscing about going hunting with my grandfather</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>remit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> send money in payment; transfer money from one country to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNatte kaTTinaattaan ciiTTu taramuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Only after you have remitted the money will we be able to forward your ticket</font><br> 1) (tohe seluttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (anuppu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>remonstrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaksheebane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> argue with, complain or scold<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We could hear him remonstrating with the children about the noise they were making</font><br> 1) (aaksheebi) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varpurutti sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> present and urge reasons in opposition or complaint; expostulate; make a forcefully reproachful protest<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When I tried to explain why it needed to be done, she remonstrated with me</font><br> 1) (maruppu sollu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>remove</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> dismiss, omit, take out; take off or away from the position occupied; abolish or get rid of; dismiss from a post; dump; kick or boot out<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalamaiccar anda uruppinare kaTciyilerundu niikkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister removed that (party) member from the party</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> remove; separate; take out or off; detach<br> <br> <font size=+1>{\d d}aakTar en kaalleerndu muLLe eTuttuviTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor removed the thorn from my leg</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kazattiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> unscrew or unfasten and separate (as a bulb from its socket); take off; dismantle<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTileerundu Tayare kazattiyeTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Remove the tire from the vehicle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> exclude, put aside, kick out, demote<br> <br> <font size=+1>paavare kaangras kacciyooTa aTippaTe uruppinar poruppulerundu niikkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the founding members of the Congress party removed Mr. Pawar from his post</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> wipe out, eliminate, erase, take out/off; refrain from, avoid, abstain<br> . <br> <font size=+1>saandaa kaTTaadavarhaLooda peere appappa niikkiTu. adudaan nalladu.</font><br> <font size=+1>From time to time it would be a good thing to remove the names of those who have defaulted on their membership fees</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kazattu)</font> 3 tr <br> take from o's person; undress<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTle vandadum seruppe kazattinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He removed his shoes as soon as he entered the house</font><br> 1) (eTuttu viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> exclude, abolish, extirpate, eliminate, cleanse, put aside, do away with, wipe clean, purge<br> . <br> <font size=+1>samuuha viroodingaLe inda uure viTTee niikkaNum appadaan inda uuru uruppaTum</font><br> <font size=+1>when antisocial elements have been completely removed from this town, then this place will be okay</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> take out, get rid of<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kareye eppaTi pookka muTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How can we remove this stain?</font><br> 1) (ahettu) 3 tr<br> 2) (niikku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(padaviylerundu velakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dismiss from office, purge, fire, dismiss<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar lanjam vaanginaarNu niruubiccadum avare padaviilerundu velakkiiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was removed from his job when it was proven that he had been taking bribes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(oziccu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> do away with, eliminate, eradicate, purge<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudiya arasaangam anju varushattukkuLLe varume neleye oziccukkaTTiTuvoomNu vaakkurudi kuTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The new government promised to remove poverty within five years</font><br> 1) (pookkaTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukiTTupoo)</font> 3b tr <br> convey from one place to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTihaLeyellaam sheTTukku eTuttuTTu poohacconnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked me to remove the boxes to the shed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> expel, take out, clear out<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooyaama sattam pooTTuTTirundadanaale avaLe areylerundu veLiyeettinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They removed her from the room because she had been shouting at everybody</font><br> 1) (poohaccollu) 3c tr<br> 2) (niikku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> take down, away<br> <br> <font size=+1>sooru vendadum paaneye aTuppleyrundu erakki vekkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can remove the pot from the stove as soon as the rice is cooked</font><br> 1) (eTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) </B> <font size=+1>(ahattu)</font> 3 tr <br> move from a position occupied and put somewhere else<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTihaLeyellaam inda muulelerundu ahatti vekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to remove the boxes from this corner</font><br> 1) (niikku) 3 tr<br> 2) (eTuttu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(15) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take away from<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tooLLeyrundu kayye eTuttuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He removed his hand from my shoulder</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(16) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> convey from one place to another; smuggle<br> <br> <font size=+1>laariye vazimariccu adulerunda sandanakkaTTeye kaTattikkoNTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They stopped the truck and removed the sandalwood logs from it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>remunerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paNam kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> pay to (one) for goods provided, services rendered, or losses incurred; reimburse, compensate for<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We were remunerated for our expenses</font><br> 1) (iiTu seyyi) 2b intr<br> 2) (kaimmaaru seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>render</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give or make available; give back or up<br> ??q b b ?<br> <font size=+1>ennenna siisarukku urimedaan siisarkiTTe tiruppikuTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Render unto Caesar that which is Caesar's</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakku kuTu)</font> give what is due or correct<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I gave him 100 rupees but he didn't render the proper change</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakki sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> translate, interpret, convert, e.g. using an algorithm<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need an algorithm that will render this Mac font into a true-type font</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>render assistance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odavi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> provide help<br> <br> <font size=+1>illaadavangaLukku odavi seyradudaan uNmeyaana odavi</font><br> <font size=+1>The real help is that which we render to those who really need it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>renege</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give up on s.t., quit, relinquish; renounce; abandon, walk away from s.t.; abnegate<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan sonna vishayatte avaru konjamum gavanikkaame appaTiyee taLLiviTTuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He just reneged on the work I entrusted to him without so much as a by-your-leave</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> back out of an agreement, commitment or promise; go back on o's word<br> <br> <font size=+1>veleye eettamaaTToomNu kuTutta vaakke kayviTTuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They reneged on their promise not to raise prices</font><br> 1) (torandu viTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (rattu seyyi) 2b tr<br> 3) (pinvaangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>renew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puduppi)</font> 6b tr <br> make new or as if new again, restore; reinvigorate; gentrify<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This whole part of the city is being renewed after years of neglect</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(valiyuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> repeat so as to reaffirm<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The State renewed [reaffirmed] its objections to paroling the prisoner</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toTandu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take up again, resume<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We must renew our efforts to find the cure for cancer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>renounce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give up (a claim or right to); disclaim<br> <br> <font size=+1>periyavan cinnavanukkaaha tannooTa padaviye viTTukkuTuttan</font><br> <font size=+1>The elder brother renounced his post for the sake of his younger brother</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give up; abandon; turn o's back on; relinquish, resign, abdicate, abnegate, surrender, sign away, waive, forgo<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTesi nimishattule seehar sunitaave kaiviTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sekar renounced Sunita at the last moment</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> reject, disown, or refuse further association with: repudiate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>17th-century Quakers renounced all earthly war and strife</font><br> 1) (oderit taLLu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give up a pursuit, practice, or way of living or feeling<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTikkra pazakkatteyellaam viTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He renounced his drinking habit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>renovate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pudisaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> restore to a previous condition, as by remodeling; make like new again<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTe pazudu paattu pudusaakka pooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is going to renovate his house</font><br> 1) (seppanidu) 4 tr<br> 2) (puduppi) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki eTu)</font> 6b tr <br> obtain occupancy or use of, in return for periodic payments<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru sinna viiTTe vaaTahekki eTuttoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We rented a small house</font><br> 1) (amattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rent (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> grant temporary occupancy or use of in return for periodic payments<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTe vaaTahekki viTaNumaa illeyaaNNu teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't decide whether to rent out my house or not</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rent out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make available for rent, as a car, a boat, chairs, a house, a flat, a room, etc., (but not a person); let, as a house; let out, as a room<br> <font size=+1>We rented out our house while we were gone, and the renters made a mess of it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTahekki kuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> lease out, make available for a price, as furniture, cooking utensils, etc.<br> <font size=+1>There's a place there where they rent out (lease) furniture by the month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reorganize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siirppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put in order, arrange, straighten out, shape up, clean up<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaLooTa palkalaikkazakattooTa vidimorenga konja kaalattukku munnaaTi daan siirpaTuttappattadu</font><br> <font size=+1>the rules and regulations of our university were reorganized only very recently</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repair</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> mend, set right; modify, remodel, renovate<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paiye enda kaTekki poonaalum sarippaTuttamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I could not get this bag repaired in any shop.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sarippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> set right; remove the faults from; fix<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTenju poona kaTTile sarippaTuttappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to repair the broken cot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pazudu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> fix, restore to sound condition after damage or injury to<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>reeTiyoove pazudu paakka kaTekki koNTupoolaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we take the radio to get it repaired?</font><br> 1) (rippeer paNNu) 3 tr<br> 2) (sarippaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go, often in large numbers<br> <br> <font size=+1>krikkaT meec muTinjadum ellaarum kumbalaaha kaappikkaTekki poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They repaired to the cafe after the cricket match</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repatriate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taay naaTTukku anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> restore or return to the country of birth or citizenship<br> <br> <font size=+1>ahadihaLe taaynaaTTukku tirumba anuppa muTivu senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The government decided to repatriate the refugees to their country of origin</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tii(r)ttu kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> give back, either in return or requittal<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The scoundrels who robbed this country blind will be repaid in spades.</font><br> 1) (pazi vaangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pay back, give back<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avanTTerundu kaTanvaangina paNatte tiruppi kuTuttuTTiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Did you repay the money you borrowed from him?</font><br> 1) (kuTuttu tiiru) 6 tr<br> 2) (kaymmaaru seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repeal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B>1 tr <br> revoke or rescind, esp. by an official or formal act<br> <br> <font size=+1>~no spoken equivalent~</font><br> <font size=+1>They petitioned the court to repeal the order</font><br> 1) (niikki vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (rattu seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repeat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> repeat or do again; replicate, restate, reiterate, go/run through again, recapitulate; (inf.) recap . <br> !<br> <font size=+1>senja tappeyee tirumba seyyariyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>You are repeating the same mistake you made earlier!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sonnadu maadiri sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> utter in duplication of another's utterance; say back<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paaTTe ovvoru variseyaa naan sonnadu maadiri sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Repeat this song after me, line by line</font><br> 1) (oppaTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> tell to another; pass on to s.o. else verbally<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vishayatte yaarTTeyum sollaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't repeat this to anyone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do again; replicate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They repeated the experiment</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(marubaTiyum sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> state or utter again; restate, retell, iterate, recite, rehearse, recapitulate; (inf.) recap<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTTikki kaadu sariyaa keekkaadadanaale sonnade marubaTiyum sollaveeNTiyadaayirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I had to repeat myself several times, since my grandmother is hard of hearing</font><br> 1) (tirumba sollu) 3c tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veruppuuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> cause distrust or aversion in; disgust<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkattu viiTTukkaarar tan naaye aTikkra kaaTci ellaarayum veruppuuTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sight of my neighbor beating his dog repelled everyone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toratti aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> offer resistance to, fight against; repulse, drive back, push back, thrust back, force back, beat back, hold off, ward off, fend off, stave off, parry, keep at bay, keep at arm's length, foil, check,<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaLellaam seendu kuuTi tanga naaTTe aakkramiccu aaLa vanda paTeye edittu pooraaTi avangaLe naaTTelleylerundu toratti viTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The citizens repelled the invading army and drove them back from the borders</font><br> 1) (edittu nillu) 5 tr<br> 2) (taTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam tirumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> feel sorry or self-reproachful for what one has done, or failed to do<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan manamtirumbi taan tiruTina ellaa naheyeyum pooliisTTe oppaTeccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief repented of his crime, and surrendered the stolen jewelry to the police</font><br> 1) (varundu) 3 intr<br> 2) (manastaabappaTu) 4 intr<br> 3) (varuttappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>replace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerappu)</font> 3 tr <br> fill or take the place of; substitute for<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa toTTihaLlayum taNNii nerappu</font><br> <font size=+1>Replace what's in all the tanks with water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(batilaa amattu)</font> 3 intr <br> take the place of, supplant; be made obsolete by; supercede, supplant<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??pustahanga (badilaa) kampyuuTTerooTa (badilaa amattuTTucci?</font><br> <font size=+1>Books have been replaced by computers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put back or pay back; restore<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to make the embezzlers replace the funds they took</font><br> 1) (aricciTTiru) 7 intr<br> 2) (surukkiNNu badil sollu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> provide a substitute or equivalent for; put s.t. in the place of s.t. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>teenju poona Tayare oTanee maattaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Your worn-out tire should be replaced immediately</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTutta eTattule vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put back in a former or proper place or position<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahatte paTiccuTTu ade eTutta eTattile vaccuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I replaced the book when I had finished reading it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>replenish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerappu)</font> 3 tr <br> fill or make complete again: add a new supply to<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Can I replenish your glass with some more juice?</font><br> 1) (nere) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerambu)</font> 3 intr <br> become full again<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The water in the dam that had gotten low has replenished itself after the rains</font><br> 1) (nere) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>replicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make an exact copy of; reproduce; copy, duplicate, recreate, repeat, perform again; clone<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They attempted to replicate his results, using his methodology, but weren't successful</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reply</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(batil collu)</font> 3c intr <br> give an answer in writing or speech<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan keeTTa keeLvikki badil sollaama maLamaLaNNu peesiTTee poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rambled on and on instead of replying to my question</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>report</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(aajaraahu)</font> 3 intr <br> declare o's presence and readiness for work or duty; appear in person to take up assignment at a particular time and place<br> j <br> <font size=+1>veelekkaaha eTTu maNikkee aajaraayiiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reported for duty at eight o'clock</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puhaar seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make official complaints about; denounce<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aasaami ellaareppattiyum pooliisukku puhaar senjuTTee iruppaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He's constantly reporting everyone to the police</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tahaval kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> give information about<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadihaluTaya naTatteye patti pooliisukku tahaval kuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reported the activities of the extremists to the police</font><br> 1) (arivi) 6b intr<br> 2) (teriyappaTuttu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(arivi)</font> 6b tr <br> make or present an account of, often officially, formally, or periodically<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They were able to officially report that crime had decreased in the last year</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reposition</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam maatti vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> move from one position or place to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>frijja eTam maattiveccaa nallaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will be good if you could reposition the refrigerator</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>represent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make or form; delineate, as a character; portray, as a thing or person in painting, sculpture, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan paakkradettaan en ooviyangalle uruvaakkareen</font><br> <font size=+1>In my paintings I represent only what I see.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varNi)</font> 6b tr <br> depict in art, portray<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In this picture, spring is represented as a young girl</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pradinidiyaa tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> stand-in for s.o. else<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I represented our school at the big all-city meeting</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> describe, state, consider; act or present o.s. as if; claim the identity or profession of<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaar taan kaNakkule keTTikkaararNu kurippiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher represented himself as an expert in math</font><br> 1) (sollu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(saarbule peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> speak or act on behalf of<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTattile en saarbile peesinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He represented me at the meeting</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> suppress, quell, put down<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangam edirkaTciye kaTTuppaTutti aaNTu vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ruling party repressed the opposition with harsh measures</font><br> 1) (nasukku) 3 tr<br> 2) (oTukku) 3 tr<br> 3) (aTakki aaLu) 2 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> keep down or hold back, restrain, check; get under control<br> <br> <font size=+1>vanda koobatte aTakkiiTTu peesaamalirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He managed to repress his anger and didn't reply</font><br> 1) (amukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> exclude from the conscious mind; deliberately forget<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya nenevuhaLe ellaam manasule aTakki vaccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She repressed all her old memories</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reprieve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottippooTu)</font> 6 intr <br> temporarily or permanently delay the punishment of<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNTaneye ottippooTa uttaravu kuTuttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He was ordered to be reprieved</font><br> 1) (avahaasam koTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (otti vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reprimand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(reNTu pooTu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> scold; give a piece of o's mind; upbraid; tell off; take s.o. to task<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu pooTu pooTTaadaan avan vazikku varuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He will fall in line only if we reprimand him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> rebuke mildly; scold lightly; chide<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappaa badil sonnaalum vaadyaaru enne eppavum kaTinju kkamaaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Even if I answer wrongly, my teacher never reprimands me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTanam terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> censure or rebuke harshly or formally; reprove<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele sariyaa seyyaadadunaale avanukku kaNTanam teriviccu eccariccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was reprimanded with a warning for neglecting his duty</font><br> 1) (kaTinjju koLLu) 1 tr<br> 2) (adaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reproach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTi)</font> 6 tr <br> criticize; blame; censure; (inf.) come down hard on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru cinna tappu senjaa kuuTa oTanee engappaa enne kaNTicciTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Even if I commit a small mistake, my father immediately censures me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTinju koo)</font> 1 tr <br> speak harshly, scold or blame for s.t., shame publicly; reprimand<br> <br> <font size=+1>payyanTTe een paaTatte paTikkalleNNu vaattiyaar kaTinju peesinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher reproached the student for not studying</font><br> 1) (kuttam saaTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (pazi sumattu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reproduce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piradi uNTaakku)</font> 3 intr <br> produce a counterpart, image, or copy of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This picture has been reproduced from the original</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> show or make a copy of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The photograph can be reproduced in color</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> multiply; make copies of s.t. or o.s.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>These viruses can reproduce a million-fold in a matter of hours</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repudiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maru)</font> 6 tr <br> refuse to accept or own; deny;<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan kuTukkrade marukkaama vaangikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Accept what I give you without repudiating it, okay?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maru)</font> 6 tr <br> reject as untrue; deny the charge of; condemn or take back what was said previously; dissociate o.s. from a position formerly held<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>People are now hoping that Hamas will repudiate violence</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> refuse to have anything to do with; disown or cast off publicly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This government now repudiates the principles of Gandhi</font><br> 1) (purakkanNi) 6b tr<br> 2) (odukki vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eekka maruttu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> refuse to accept or support; deny the validity or authority of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We absolutely repudiate the program they have proposed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repulse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> reject, repel; turn back, defeat<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Serbian invasion into rural Kosovo was repulsed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>repute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karudu)</font> 3 tr <br> regard or suppose; consider as; count or be counted as; have a (good) reputation as<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare oru peer petta maruttuvaraaha karudraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People consider him to be one of the best doctors anywhere</font><br> 1) (madi) 6b tr<br> 2) (nene) 6b tr<br> 3) (eNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karudappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be considered, regarded or supposed to be (s.t.); be counted as or among; have the reputation of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar oru peerpetta maruttuvaraa karudappaTuraar</font><br> <font size=+1>He is reputed to be one of the best doctors anywhere</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>request</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> ask for, especially in a polite and formal way; beseech<br> <br> <font size=+1>vizaavle peesaNumNu avarTTe veeNTiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They requested him to speak at the ceremony</font><br> 1) (valiyuruttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (keeL) ?<br> 3) (keeTTu vaangu) 3 tr<br> 4) (moreyiTu) 4 intr<br> 5) (keeTTukko) 1 tr<br> 6) (viNNappam seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>require</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varpuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> demand as a condition of; make necessary; give no option but to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa varpuruttinadaaladaan naan inge vandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I came here only because my father required me to</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTu)</font> 3 intr <br> ask or insist upon, as by right or authority; be obliged to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>eTTu maNikki varaNumNu sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>We were required to come at eight o'clock</font><br> 1) (uttaraviTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> impose an obligation on, compel; oblige; demand of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They required the students to pass a language test before being admitted to the college</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>requisition</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urimeyooTu eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> demand, as for military needs; seize s.t. officially<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahaa yuttattle arasaangam paTTaaLattukkaaha viiTuhaLe urimeyuTan (urimeyooTu?) eTuttukkoNTadu (eTuttukiTTudu?)</font><br> <font size=+1>During the great war, the government requisitioned houses for the use of the army</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rescue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> save, deliver from danger, save the life of, come to the aid of, free, set free/loose, release, liberate, emancipate, get out, extricate, redeem, salvage, relieve.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLattule aTipaTTa makkaLe kaappaatta arasu eerpaaTu senjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has made arrangements to rescue the people affected by the flood</font><br> 1) (tappuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>research</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraaycci naTattu)</font> 3 intr <br> engage in a scientific or scholarly investigation<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga kuTitaNNiile vaazra kirumihaLe patti aaraaycci naTattiTTirukkroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are researching the behavior of certain microbes in drinking water</font><br> 1) (soodane seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraanju paaru)</font> 6b tr <br> study or look carefully and thoroughly into s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTecca tahavalhaLeyellaam nallaa aaraanju paattu oru muTivukku vandaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He came to a decision after researching the information he had received</font><br> 1) (paTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resemble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poola iru)</font> 7 tr <br> have a similarity or likeness to; (inf.) be a dead ringer for<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda payyan en tambiye poola irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That boy resembles my brother</font><br> 1) (ottiru) 7 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koobappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel indignantly aggrieved at; nurse bad feelings about some perceived hurt or insult<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane kalyaaNattukku azekkaadade patti neneccu koobappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He resented not being invited to the wedding</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNe uruttu)</font> 3 intr <br> feel inward anger; brood over with anger; be unable to forget a perceived injury or fault; bear a grudge<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku oru nalla veele keTeccadu avan kaNNe urutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>He resented the fact that she was offered a good job</font><br> 1) (nenjje ari) 6b intr<br> 2) (manakkasappu uNTaakku) 3 intr<br> 3) (ericcaluNTaakku) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reserve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ofukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> save for future use or a special purpose; set aside; keep in abeyance or in reserve for a special purpose<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLikkuuTatte pazudu paakkradukkaaha reNTaayiram ruubaaye odukki vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They reserved two thousand rupees for repairing the school building</font><br> 1) (kuriccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odukkappaTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> set apart for a specific person or use<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda tiTTattukkaaha pattaayiram ruubaa odukkappaTTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Ten thousand rupees was reserved for the project</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pattirappaTutti vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> keep or secure for o.s., retain; put aside<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>aTutta vaarattu selavukkaaha konjam paNatte pattirappaTutti vekkalaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we reserve some of the money for next week's expenses?</font><br> 1) (seemiccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (tanicceTuttu vayyi) 6b tr<br> 3) (piTiccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resettle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to settle in; move from one place to another to settle<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorunaale baadikkappaTTe makkaLe aNTenaaTTu arasaangam kuTiyeettiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The neighboring country allowed the people affected by war to resettle there</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reside</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> live or reside (as a permanent resident); continue to live in a certain state or condition; dwell; inhabit a place<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan pattu varushamaa amerikkaale irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have been residing in America for the past 10 years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tangivaaz)</font> 2 intr <br> live, dwell; abide, make o's home<br> <br> <font size=+1>nammooTa talevaru innum anda cinna viiTTletaan kuTiyirukkraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The leader of our party still continues to reside in that modest little house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tangu)</font> 3 intr <br> live in a place for a permanent or extended time<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurle oru varusham tangiyirundaa vari kaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you reside in this town for a year you'll have to pay taxes</font><br> 1) (vasi) 6b intr<br> 2) (kuTiyiru) 7 intr<br> 3) (iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nerenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be inherently present in s.t.; exist essentially or permanently in; dwell in, stay in, sojourn in, inhabit, occupy, be settled in<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>?</font><br> <font size=+1>The responsibility resides in the collossal indifference of self-absorbed narcissistic people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(raajinaamaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> give up (a position) esp. by formal notification; quit, step down, retire<br> j <br> <font size=+1>padaviilerundu raajinaamaa senjaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He resigned from his position</font><br> 1) (viTTuviTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (velahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resigned (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> submit (o.s. passively); accept as unavoidable<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was resigned to getting up at five in the morning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moraNTu piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> oppose actively and with force; withstand the action or effect of; withstand, be proof against, combat, weather, endure, be resistant to, keep out<br> <br> <font size=+1>naay moraNTu piTiccadanaale ade naakkaalilerundu niikka muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog resisted our efforts to dislodge it from the chair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTuttuTu)</font> 4 intro <br> remain firm in opposing the action or effect of: withstand; be proof against, combat, weather, endure, be resistant to, keep out<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I resist the idea of transliterating the last sound of the word "Tamil" with an l or with zh.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resolve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> decide; make a firm decision; make a resolution<br> <br> <font size=+1>varattukkoru pustahatte vaasippadaaha muTivu senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He resolved to read a book every week</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nyamikka paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> decide firmly; make a policy that; make up o's mind that; determine, settle on, undertake. <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Be it resolved that the official language of this state is Tamil</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(urudi koo @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> make a firm decision about; make up o's mind, determine; have a fixed goal of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I am resolved to finish this dictionary before the end of the century</font><br> 1) (tiirmaani) 6b intr<br> 2) (kangngaNam kaTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resonate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirolikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> resound, ring out through; produce a full, deep or rich sound<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNiye aTiccu uurengum edirolikka senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The ringing of the bell resonated through the entire village</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(edirolikka seyyi?)</font> 1tr <br> have appeal to people; spread and attain acceptance, as a new idea, trend<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His call for racial reconciliation resonated with the young people, and they began to sign up to do voluntary work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyaaLu)</font> 1 tr <br> make use of s.t. to gain an advantage, often when everything else has failed; return back to the use of; fall back on<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTTa pazakkangaLe kayyaaNTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He resorted to bad habits</font><br> 1) (meerkoLLu) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ediroli)</font> 6b intr <br> be filled with sound, reverberate<br> <br> <font size=+1>uur-ellaam iTi mozakkam ediroliccuTTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We could hear the sound of the thunder resounding through the whole area</font><br> 1) (mozangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>respect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> show honor to; give dignity to; exalt<br> <br> <font size=+1>periyavangaLukku madippu kuTukka kattukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Learn to respect and honor your elders</font><br> 1) (mariyaade seluttu) 3 intr<br> 2) (kaNNiyamaa naTattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(madi)</font> 6b tr <br> feel or show deferential regard for, esteem<br> <br> <font size=+1>periyavangaLe madikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must respect your elders</font><br> 1) (mariyaade seluttu) 3 intr<br> 2) (kaNNiyamaa naTattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(anusari)</font> 6b tr <br> avoid violation of or interference with, heed; follow the precepts of<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTatte anusariccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They respected the law</font><br> 1) (madi) 6b tr<br> 2) (kiizpaTi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> esteem, venerate, adore; have the highest regard for<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTTu vaLarccikki periya toNTu seyravangaLe pootta/paaraaTTa veeNTiyadu nammaLooTa kaTame</font><br> <font size=+1>It is our bounden duty to give the highest respect to those who work for the development of our country</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>respond</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(badilaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> answer, reply in writing or speaking<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama keeTTa keeLvikki avangaLooTa badil enna appaTiiNNu terinjukiTTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Please try to find out what their response was to our question</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> react positively, favorably, or invariably<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava sonnadukku eNangi reeTiyoove neruttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They responded to her request to turn off the radio</font><br> 1) (keeLu) ?<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uttaravaadam paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> speak or write in answer to<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii saaTTina kuttamellaam tappuNNu uttaravaadam paNNa sandarppam keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>When I've had an opportunity to respond to your allegations I'll prove them to be false</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(batil sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> reply<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava keeTTa keeLvikki badil sollaama bassle eerinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He boarded the bus without responding to her question</font><br> 1) (koral kuTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eLeppaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> relax, repose<br> <br> <font size=+1>konjam eLeppaara neneccu okkaandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They sat down to rest for a while</font><br> 1) (ooyveTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> place, put; lower s.t. to place temporarily on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paareye palahe meele vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They rested the boulder on some planks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 6 intr <br> lie down, esp to sleep; repose<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>taLacceyaayirukku; konjam paTuttaa sariyaayuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm tired, I'll feel better if I rest for a while</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5 intr <br> stop motion, work, or activity<br> ; ?<br> <font size=+1>kaal valikkudu; konjam nikkalaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we rest for a while? My feet hurt</font><br> 1) (iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be, become, or remain still, quiet,or inactive for a time<br> <br> <font size=+1>enjin konja neeram summaa irukkaTTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Let the engine rest for a while</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>restore</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B>2c tr <br> bring back into existence or use; put back in place, as a deposed ruler<br> <br> <font size=+1>~no equivalend~</font><br> <font size=+1>The court restored the old laws that had been previously repealed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazeya nelekki koNTuvaa)</font> 2c tr <br> bring back to an original or former state<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>zaiyirle kaangoongra peere pazeya nelekki koNTuvandaanga...</font><br> <font size=+1>The old name "Congo" was restored [after the army took over] in Zaire</font><br> 1) (pudusaakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (puduppi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B>3 tr <br> put (s.o.) back in a former position<br> <br> <font size=+1>~no spoken equivalend~</font><br> <font size=+1>The court ordered that he be restored to his former position</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make restitution of, give back<br> <br> <font size=+1>~no spoken equivalend~</font><br> <font size=+1>The court ordered him to restore to his employer the money that he had stolen from him</font><br> 1) (iiTu seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>restrain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTivaaLam pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put a restraint on (a horse); check<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudireykki kaTiLaam pooTaama adule eeraade</font><br> <font size=+1>If you haven't restrained the horse, you better not mount it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(velangu maaTTu)</font> 3 tr + dat <br> put restraints on s.o.; handcuff, manacle; fetter<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTane pooliis adihaari velangu maaTTi izuttuTTu poonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The police officer restrained the thief and dragged him away.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> hold back hands, tongue, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>taay paasam vaaye kaTTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Motherly love will restrain the tongue.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aTeccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> take away the freedom or liberty of; confine to certain premises<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe viiTTle aTeccu vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>??She was restrained (confined to the house)??? They got a restraining order on this guy who was stalking her??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> restrict or limit; hold down, keep down; confine<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaLLane pooha viTaama taTuttu niruttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They restrained the burglar</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> prevent by force or effort<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTu rooTTle ooTivanda kaaLeye taTuttu neruttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They restrained the bull that had been running loose in the street</font><br> 1) (aTakku) 3 tr<br> 2) (piTi) 6b tr<br> 3) (kaTTuppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>restrict</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(elleyaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> be the border or limit of; act as a deterrent on/for; constrain<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa kanjattanam ellaattukkum elleyaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His miserliness tended to set restrictions on everything</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hold within limits, confine<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Sale of alcohol should be restricted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>result</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neeriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> happen; come about<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I have no idea what resulted from the inquiry</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLevaahu)</font> happen or exist as a result of a cause<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The quarrel resulted in his mother leaving the house</font><br> 1) (muTivaTe) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eerpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be caused by s.t.; come about, come into existence; develop<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaTa ayrlaNTule samaadaanam eerpaTumNu namburoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We hope that peace will result in northern Ireland</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>result from/in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLe)</font> 2b intr <br> come or arise out of certain conditions<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii tiime senja veLevaa onakkee tiime uNTaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The harm you caused has resulted in harm to yourself only</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>result in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLe)</font> 2b intr 3 pn <br> be produced; happen as an effect of<br> <br> <font size=+1>en moyarcinaale reNTu peerukkum naTule saNTedaan veLenjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>My efforts only resulted in a fight between the two of them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resume</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marubaTiyum aarambi)</font> 3 tr, intr <br> start again (after stopping); restart vb-ing<br> <br> <font size=+1>karreNTu vandavoTane paTatte marubaTiyum aarambiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They resumed showing the movie once the power came back on</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTar)</font> 2 tr <br> begin or take up again following interruption; continue after a pause<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He resumed the conversation after dinner</font><br> 1) (tirumba toTangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resurrect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> lift up; wake up; cause to arise; arouse<br> <br> <font size=+1>baaradi tannooTa kavidehaLaale tamizarhaLooTe deesapaTre taTTi ezuppinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Bharathi resurrected the patriotism of Tamilians through his poems</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>resuscitate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pezeppi)</font> 6b tr <br> restore to life, revive<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was almost dead, but they resuscitated him successfully</font><br> 1) (uyirppi) 6b tr<br> 2) (muurcce teLiya vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(villu)</font> 5 intr <br> sell in small quantities directly to consumers<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustaham nuuru ruubaaykki vikkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>This book retails for 100 rupees</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6 tr <br> keep or hold in o's possession<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu solliyum enkayye viTaame piTiccuTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He continued to retain his grasp on my arm in spite of my protests</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> keep or hold (esp influence) over s.o.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The allure of certain outdated theories continues to retain the allegiance of some so-called scholars</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(manasule vaccukkoo)</font> 1 tr <br> keep in mind, remember<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ivvaLavu varushamaa inda vevarangaLayellaam marakkaama manasile vaccuTTirukkradu adisayam daan</font><br> <font size=+1>Its amazing that he has retained all this information in his head after so many years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retain the services of (a lawyer)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vakkiile amattu)</font> 3 tr <br> hire a lawyer or solicitor<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda suuznileyle naama oru vakkiile amekkaNum (or) amattaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>In this situation, we need to retain a lawyer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retaliate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazi vaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> return like for like, esp. evil for evil; get back at s.o.; respond to an injury, insult, assault, etc. in like manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tambiye aTiccadunaale maNiye pazivaanga neneccu ellaarumaa seendu avane aTiccuppooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone got together and beat up Mani to retaliate against his hitting my brother</font><br> 1) (carikkaTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (badilukku badil seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taamadappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be delayed; be kept in abeyance; be slowed down<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The reconstruction of ground zero has been retarded by too many politicians dragging their feet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTeppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hinder, hamper, inhibit<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>??inda marundu vaLarcciye taTeppaTuttumaa? innum teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Will this medicine retard growth? We don't know yet.</font><br> 1) (taamadappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(komaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> vomit or try to vomit; throw up; (inf.) barf<br> <br> <font size=+1>saappiTTadum, komaTTa toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as he had eaten, he started retching</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rethink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccuppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> recall, consider, recollect; evaluate past actions<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii senjadu sariyaaNNu nenecci paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to rethink whether what you did was the right thing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odungu)</font> 3 intr <br> withdraw, as for rest, seclusion, or shelter; shrink back or go back from a more public exposure<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTattlerundu odungi tan ruumukku poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She retired to her room so as to escape from the crowds in the house</font><br> 1) (niingu) 3 intr<br> 2) (velahu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuunga poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go to bed<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tuungappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going to retire for the night</font><br> 1) (paTukkap poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (orangep poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ooyvu peru)</font> 4 intr <br> stop working at a job or profession<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeleylerundu ooyvu pettadum pudiya viiTTe kaTTa toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as he retired, he started building a new house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleylerundu niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove s.o. from active service; pull s.o. out of active duty; (inf.) kick s.o. upstairs; give s.o. a golden parachute<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirpaaraama avare veeleylerundu niikkiiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They forced him to retire prematurely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(rattu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> remove from circulation; stop production of s.t.; cease manufacture and distribution of s.t.<br> <font size=+1>We're going to retire this model of car once the new one is in production</font><br> 1) (vaapas vaangu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cuTaccuTa badil sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> reply, esp in a sharp,quick, ascerbic, or witty way, or in kind<br> <br> <font size=+1>nedaanamaa peesaama cuTaccuTa badil solluvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of replying calmly, she barks out these rapid-fire retorts</font><br> 1) (maarippeesu) 3 intr<br> 2) (edittu peesu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retrace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vanda vaziyee tirumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> go back over , as o's steps<br> <br> <font size=+1>payye teeTi vanda vaziyee tirumbi naTandoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We retraced our steps, looking for the lost bag</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retract</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(pinvaangu??)</font> take back, disavow; withdraw or revoke, asa statement, accusation, proposal, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I would like to retract my unfortunate and inconsiderate remarks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLee izu)</font> 6 intr <br> pull or draw back or in, as claws etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aame bayappaTTaa taleye uLLe izuttuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The turtle retracts its head when it gets startled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retreat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinvaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> withdraw or move back; fall back; retire; relinquish a position; give up<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan inimee savaallerundu pinvaangamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>As of now, I will not retreat from the challenge</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odungu)</font> 3 intr <br> withdraw or pull back; go or move back or further away from a previous position; go back, shrink back, move further off, move away, retreat, withdraw, fall back, ebb, abate, subside<br> <br> <font size=+1>areyile oru muuleyile odungi niNNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He retreated into a corner of the room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(velakku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove, put distance between s.t. and another thing; draw or pull back; go in reverse<br> <br> <font size=+1>toottadum raajaa tannooTa paTehaLe velakkikiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Once he had lost (the battle), the king caused his troops to retreat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(velahu)</font> 3 intr <br> move away from or try to be rid of; withdraw; turn away from difficulty or opposition<br> <br> <font size=+1>poruppileyrundu velaha paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to retreat from his responsibilities</font><br> 1) (odungu) 3 intr<br> 2) (niingu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paTe murinjooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> fall back or withdraw because of danger or an enemy attack<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The enemy retreated from the town when they ran out of water</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retrench</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(selave kore)</font> 6b intr <br> cut down, reduce expenses, economize; reduce costs or spending in response to economic difficulty<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNa nerukkaTiyinaale appaa reNTu tooTTakkaarangaLeyum veelelerundu niikki selave korekka paattaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of his financial difficulties, my father tried to retrench by dismissing both of our gardeners</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>retrieve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTu vaa, koNTaa)</font> 2c tr <br> fetch; go and get things and bring them back<br> <br> <font size=+1>erihira saamaanangaLe naay tiruppi koNTaarum</font><br> <font size=+1>Dogs retrieve things</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLiccu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put s.t. right; act so as to restore things to good order; save a situation from going bad; mollify<br> ?? , j <br> <font size=+1>??nelemeye samaaLiccukkiTTu, oru jookku sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He retrieved the tense situation by making a joke</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>return</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbi vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come back, as to a former condition or place; come home or back to home base<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri daan tirumbi vara muTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We weren't able to return until late</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go back, as to a former condition or place<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya viiTTukku tirumbi poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He returned to his old house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give s.t. back to s.o.; restore s.t. to a rightful owner<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahatte tiruppi kuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He returned the book to me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTu poo)</font> take s.t. back to a shop, as merchandise or s.t. purchased<br> <br> <font size=+1>reeTiyoove kaTekki koNTu poohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to return the radio to the shop</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reunite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 2b intr <br> amalgamate, join, combine, unite; confederate; get back together again<br> j j <br> <font size=+1>kizakku jermaniyum meerku jermaniyum eppo eNenjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>When did West Germany and East Germany reunite?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> meet, assemble, unite after separation; return to a former unity<br> <br> <font size=+1>pirinja kaadalarunga oNNaa kuuTunadu rombavum mahizccikki uriyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is really nice to be able to celebrate the reuniting of the lovers who had become separated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seettu)</font> 3 tr <br> collect, gather together; unite, bring together or to a meeting of minds<br> <br> <font size=+1>iravadu varushamaa pirinjirunda nalla sneeydarungaLe oNNuseetteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was responsible for reuniting the two good friends who had been separated for the past twenty years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oNNu seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> bring back together by a common interest, attitude, or action<br> <br> <font size=+1>pirinjupoona en reNTu tambingaLe naan onnu seetteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I succeeded in reuniting both of my estranged brothers.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reveal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring into view; make known<br> <br> <font size=+1>un terameye veLippaTutta idu oru nalla vaayppu</font><br> <font size=+1>This is a good opportunity to reveal your talent</font><br> 1) (sollu) 3c tr<br> 2) (eTuttukkaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> allow to appear; show, demonstrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>en uNmeyaana eNNatte veLippaTuttra neeram vanduTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The time has come for me to reveal my true thoughts</font><br> 1) (sollu) 3c tr<br> 2) (eTuttukkaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show; exhibit; manifest; display<br> <br> <font size=+1>paariiksheyile saami tanooTa veTeye kaaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sami revealed his answers in the examination to me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3 tr <br> declare, admit, announce; make known<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>unga meele saaTrappaTTirukkra kuttandaan enna appaTiiNNu sollungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you reveal to us what it is exactly that you have been accused of?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show; expound; manifest;<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda mandiravaadi engaLukku oru adisayatte kaaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That wizard revealed a miracle to us</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make known, divulge; disclose previously unknown or secret information; display, show, or expose; allow to appear<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan lanjam vaangina seediye veLippaTuttamaaTTaangaNNu neneccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He thought that they wouldn't reveal the fact that he had been taking bribes</font><br> 1) (sollu) 3c tr<br> 2) (eTuttukkaaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> expose to view, show, exhibit, or display; allow to become visible<br> <br> <font size=+1>tereye velakki paTatte kaaTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She removed the covering and revealed the painting</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revealed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> come to light, be discovered<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda koleyooTa nookkam innum veLippaTale</font><br> <font size=+1>The motive for that murder has not yet been revealed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~+ b~</B> <font size=+1>(kuduhalamaa @+verb@)</font> take great pleasure or delight in doing s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandengaLellaam mazeyle kuduhalamaa veLeyaaTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children revelled in playing in the rain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revenge, take/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazi vaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> inflict punishment in return for injury or insult to o.s.; avenge, make retaliation for, retaliate, exact retribution for, take reprisals for, requite, get redress/satisfaction for.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanne asaTTe senjaaNNu koobappaTTu ava meele pazi vaanga tiirmaaniccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He decided to take revenge on her because he thought that she had slighted him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reverberate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ediroli)</font> 6b intr <br> be repeated loudly again and again; echo; appear to vibrate because of a loud noise; resound, re-echo, resonate, ring, boom, rumble; (metaph.) have (political) repercussions; come back to affect or ha<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTam peecce kaitaTTi rasicca mozakkam uurengum ediroliccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The applause with which the crowd greeted the speech reverberated through the entire village</font><br> 1) (adira vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revere</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayabaktiyooTu madi)</font> 6b tr <br> regard with great respect, awe, or devotion<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaalattle vaattiyaare ellaarum bayabaktiyooTu madippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days, people used to revere their teachers</font><br> 1) (vaNangu) 3 tr<br> 2) (ubasari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reverse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neermaaraakku)</font> 3 tr <br> turn to the opposite direction or tendency<br> <br> <font size=+1>taan sonnadeyellaam neermaaraakkradu avanukku pazahippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>??He has acquired the habit of reversing everything he says</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tale kiizaa maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn inside out or upside down; upend; turn around, put back to front, switch the locations of: transpose<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The election of the dark-horse candidate reversed everything and turned politics on its head</font><br> 1) (maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnaale seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive backwards; put a car in reverse gear and drive; back up<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTiye pinnaale selutti rooTTle neruttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reversed the car and parked it on the street</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revert</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazeya nelekki tirumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> return or go back to a former condition, practice, subject or belief<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaydikki viTudale keTeccadum miiNTum pazeya nelekki tirumbi tiruTattoTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The prisoner reverted to stealing after being released</font><br> 1) (keTTa pazakkangaLle vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>review</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> consider retrospectively; look or think back on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTanda ellaa sambavangaLeyum paTukkradukku munnaale neneccu paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He reviewed all the events of the day before going to bed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vemarsanam seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> write or give a critical report on or of<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ezudina pustahatte patti aTutta vaaram peepparle vemarsanam seyyappooraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My book will be reviewed in next week's edition of the newspaper</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paarve iTu)</font> 4 intr <br> study or examine again; think back on, reconsider<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ezudina ezutte anuppradukku munnaale ade paarve iTacconnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked me to review the letter I had written before mailing it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change, correct, exchange, shift, alter; rewrite<br> <br> <font size=+1>aracaangam saTTattule selade maatta tiTTamiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>There are plans to revise some of the laws</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sari paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> prepare a newly edited version of a text<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda ezutte peze tiruttu sari paattu anuppi vayyeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you revise this letter and correct all the errors before sending it?</font><br> 1) (tiruttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (peze paar) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maatti ame)</font> 6b tr <br> change, modify; reconsider and alter s.t. in the light of further evidence or altered circumstances<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We had to revise our plan to visit our relatives, postponing the trip by a month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revitalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uyir kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> endow with life; bring back to life; energize<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda TaakTardaan sundare kaappaatti avanukku uyir kuTuttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>That doctor is the one who saved Sundar and revitalized him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miiLu)</font> 1 tr <br> save; rescue, bring s.o. around, through (a life-threatening or difficult situation)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaavaltore kozandeye kaTesi nimishattule miiLnduccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police were able to revive the child at the last minute.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uyir vaa)</font> 2c intr + dat. <br> impart new health, vigor, or spirit to; give new strength or energy to<br> <br> <font size=+1>liivu keTekkumNu keeTTadum enakku uyir vandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The idea of a vacation revived me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pezekkappaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> resuscitate; bring back to life or consciousness; restore to or regain life, consciousness, or strength; bring around<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaspattrikki koNTupooy avaLe pezekkappaNNinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They took her to the hospital so that she could be revived</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rattu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> rescind, countermand; end the validity or operation of (a decree, decision, or promise); withdraw or cancel<br> <br> <font size=+1>pradama mandri inda vidiye kaTesi nimishattule rattu senjaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The prime minister revoked this law at the last minute.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLubaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> nullify by withdrawing, recalling, or reversing; go back on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>~no equivalent~</font><br> <font size=+1>They revoked the decision to free the prisoners</font><br> 1) (rattu cey) 2b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revolt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edir)</font> 6 tr <br> oppose or refuse to obey; refuse to acknowledge s.o. or s.t. as having authority; rise (up) in rebellion against authority; take to the streets, riot, mutiny<br> <br> <font size=+1>janangaLellaarum oNNuseendu pollaada arasane edittu tookkaTiccu avane naaTTleyrundu doratti viTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They revolted against the cruel king by defeating him and driving him out of the country</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aruvaruppaa iru)</font> 1 intr <br> feel a strong dislike of; be disgusted by; feel revulsion toward<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppozudumee kuTiveriyle irukkradu aruvaruppaayirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was revolted by the fact that he's always in an intoxicated state</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revolted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(moham tiruppi koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> turn (o's face) away in contempt; set o's face against; show disgust in o's expression<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>maappiLLe een moham tiruppiTTu irukkaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is the bridegroom turning away as if he's revolted by something?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revolutionize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muttilum maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> effect a radical or fundamental change in s.t.; transform, alter dramatically, shake up, turn upside down, restructure, reorganize, transmute, metamorphose<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Computers have revolutionized the way offices are run</font><br> 1) (puracciharamaa maatti ame) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>revolve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> orbit around a central point; go around in circles<br> <br> <font size=+1>buumi suuriyane suttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The earth revolves around the sun</font><br> 1) (vaTTamiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sozalu)</font> 2 intr <br> rotate like a wheel; turn around a fixed point or axle<br> <br> <font size=+1>krishnar kaiyyile cakkaram sozaludu</font><br> <font size=+1>A wheel is revolving in Krishna's hands.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>reward</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaimaaru kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give, e.g. money esp for a special service, as the return of a lost article, or the capture of a criminal<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaye kaNTupiTiccu koNTuvanda payyanukku kaymaaru kuTuttanuppinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We rewarded the boy for restoring our lost dog to us</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parisu vazangu)</font> 3 intr <br> give an award or prize to, for services or accomplishments<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They rewarded the boy who won the race</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rewire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> equip with electrical wires; replace electrical wires in an existing building<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We're having our house rewired because the old system is inadequate</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rhyme</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uccarippule ece)</font> 2b intr <br> use a word or word with the same ending sound as another word; be similar or identical in sound between syllables or paired groups of syllables, usually at the ends of verse lines<br> " " " " <br> <font size=+1>"naayum" "paayum" uccarippile esenjirukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Tamil words for "dog" and "mat" rhyme</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rid (get rid of)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi vayyi)</font> 2b intr <br> get free from or relieved of (usu. s.t. undesirable); (inf.) ditch, dump, deep six. clear the decks; make a clean sweep of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasan mandiriye taLLivekka tiirmaaniccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The king decided to get rid of his minister</font><br> 1) (niikki vai) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toleccozi)</font> 6b tr <br> do away with, destroy, kill; eradicate, eliminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaLeyeyellaam toleccozikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We have to get rid of all the weeds in the garden</font><br> 1) (kollu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rid (o.s. of)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oziccu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> free, clear, relieve or disencumber, as of s.t. undesirable<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeNTaade saamaangaLeyellaam oziccu kaTTiiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rid himself of his unwanted possessions</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rid o.s. of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiccukkoo)</font> 1t <br> be or get rid of danger or difficulties; escape<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>anda pircaney ellatilirundu naanga engaLeyee tappuvittukkoNTu viTToom ??check verb</font><br> <font size=+1>We managed to rid ourselves of all those problems</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>riddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toLe)</font> 6b intr <br> pierce with numerous holes, perforate; be shot through with; (metaph.) be filled or permeated with s.t. undesirable, as corruption, graft, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi muzusum tuppaakkikkuNTaale toLekkappaTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The entire car was riddled with bullets</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paraviyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> spread throughout; be permeated with<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole west coast is riddled with earthquake faults</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ride</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(savaari seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be carried, transported, or conveyed, as in a vehicle or on horseback; make a safari on<br> <br> <font size=+1>miruhakaaTci saaleyle naanga yaane meele savaari senjoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We rode an elephant at the zoo</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattule para)</font> 6 intr <br> be supported or carried on; be buoyed up or supported by; be kept afloat by<br> <br> <font size=+1>kazuhu kaattile parakkradupoola teriyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The eagle seems to be just riding on the wind</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(yaattire seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> travel along, over or through; be conveyed or transported by<br> <br> <font size=+1>sele uurle innum maaTTuvaNTiilettaan yaattire seyraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In some villages people still ride in ox-carts</font><br> 1) (prayaaNam cey) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ridicule</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siri)</font> 6b intr <br> laugh at; mock; despise, deride; make fun of; mock, scoff at, scorn, jeer at, gibe at, make/poke fun at, make a fool of, tease, taunt<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum enne paattu eeLanamaa sirikkiraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone is ridiculing me</font><br> 1) (eLLi naheyaaTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keeliseyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> mock; scoff at; banter; make fun of, taunt<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLikuuTattule ellaarum enne paattu keeli senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody in school teased me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keeli paNNu)</font> 2b tr <br> make fun of<br> . <br> <font size=+1>enakku konjam konjandaan aangilam varum. empeeccekkeeli paNNaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Please don't ridicule my speech; I don't speak English very well</font><br> 1) (iharndu peesu) 3 intr<br> 2) (eeLanan cey) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pazi)</font> 6b tr <br> injure, insult, cast aspersions on; dress down, chew out<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavangaLe pazikkradu avanooTa romba tappaana pazakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Insulting and ridiculing other people is one of his very bad habits</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rifle (through)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> root through; search with intent to steal; ransack<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo en saamaangaLeyellaam poraTTi irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody has been rifling through my belongings</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rig</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make or construct hastily or in a makeshift manner; throw up<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze varadukku munnaale avasara avasaramaa oru pandale kaTTippooTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We hurriedly rigged up a tent before the rain started to come down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzcciyaa naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> manipulate dishonestly for personal gain; manage or conduct s.t. fraudulently so as to gain an advantage; manipulate, engineer, distort, misrepresent, pervert, tamper with, doctor; falsify, fake, trum<br> <br> <font size=+1>podu teerttal suuzcciyaa naTattappaTTadaa kaTcittalevar kuttam saaTTinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The party leader charged that the elections had been rigged</font><br> 1) (moosaTiyaaha kayyaaLu) 1 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>right</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nimindu viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> regain an upright or proper position<br> <br> <font size=+1>kavundu viTTa paTahu taanee nimindu viTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The capsized boat righted itself</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nimitti viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put in or restore to an upright or proper position; put right<br> .<br> <font size=+1>kavundu poona paTahe kashTeppaTTu nimitti viTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We managed to right the overturned boat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sarippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put in order or set right, correct; rectify; make amends for, redress<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>? anda kaalattu senja tappu ippa saripaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>They need to right the wrongs that have been done in the past</font><br> 1) (neeraakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rightful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uriyadaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> belong to, as by right; be legally valid; have a legally established claim to s.t.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>idu ongaLukku uriyadaa irukkalaam. aanaa avanga ade ippa ongaLukku tara maaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It might be your rightful property, but they won't give it to you now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rile up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> stir up as to action or anger, excite; annoy, irritate, vex<br> !<br> <font size=+1>saNTe pooTa tuuNTiiTTu veeTikke paakkraanga!</font><br> <font size=+1>They get him all riled up and ready to fight, and then sit back and watch the fun!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ring</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maNi aTiccu varavaze)</font> 6b tr <br> sound a bell in order to summon s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeye kaalattule veelekkaarangaLe maNiyaTiccu varaccolluvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days people would ring a bell to summon their servants</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(foonle peesu)</font> 3 intr + loc. <br> give s.o. a ring; call s.o. on the telephone<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanTTe fooNle peesineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I rang him on the phone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.t. to ring; strike a bell so as to make it vibrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>muruhan eTTu maNikki paLLikkuuTattu maNiye aTikka poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Murugan went to ring the school bell at eight o'clock</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oli)</font> 6b intr <br> give forth a clear resonant sound<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyil maNi kaNiirNNu oliccadu keeTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We could hear the temple bells ring</font><br> 1) (aTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti vaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> surround with a ring, encircle; be enclosed in a ring<br> <br> <font size=+1>maratte sutti vaLeccu puucceTihaLe naTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The tree was ringed with flowering plants</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> ring, make noise, as the telephone<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTile foon aTiccuTTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The phone could be heard ringing in the house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rinse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alasu)</font> 3 tr <br> wash lightly with water so as to remove soap<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNiye nallaa alasinaattaan sooppeppookka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You can get rid of the soap from the garment only if you rinse it well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koppaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> wash out o's mouth with water<br> .<br> <font size=+1>saapTadum vaaye koppaLikkaNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>Rinse your mouth after eating.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>riot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalaham seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> take part in a violent disturbance created by a large number of people; carouse, roister; rebel, revolt, mutiny, take to the streets, run riot, rampage, go on the rampage, run wild/amok, go berserk, f<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalaham senja kuuTTatte pooliiskaaranga kalaccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police dispersed the rioting crowd</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taarumaaraa kizi)</font> 6b tr <br> tear unevenly or irregularly, as a sheet of paper or a piece of cloth<br> <font size=+1>He ripped the paper into jagged pieces and threw them at me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiru)</font> 3 tr <br> tear, as a fabric; separate cloth along the warp or woof by cutting and pulling (as opposed to along the seam); cut wood lengthwise<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tuNiye reNTaa kiirappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going to rip this piece of fabric in two</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kizinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become split apart or torn; get snagged and cut open<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaNiile maaTTi en saTTe kizinjuTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>My shirt got caught on a nail and got ripped</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ripe, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> ripen, become overripe; become very old<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda marattule irukkra palaappazam nallaa pazuttuTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>The jack fruit in that tree has become nice and ripe</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ripen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazuttu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become ripe or mature; become ready to eat<br> . <br> <font size=+1>pazam pazuttuppooccu. iNNekkee saappiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The fruits have ripened; they should be eaten today</font><br> 1) (muttippoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pazukka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to become ripe or mature<br> .<br> <font size=+1>pazatte reNTu naaL pazukka vaccaa rusiyaayirukkum.</font><br> <font size=+1>The fruit will taste better if we let it ripen for a couple of days.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ripple</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> move likes waves; undulate; move across the surface of s.t. in a wave-like manner<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Shock waves rippled through all of Kashmir following the quake.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meembaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be exalted or noble; increase in rank, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga vaazkke taram innum meembaTale</font><br> <font size=+1>Our quality of life has not risen yet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> arise, ascend (as the sun); come up, dawn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippellaam kaaleyile eezu maNikkidaan suuriyan ezumbudu</font><br> <font size=+1>At this time of the year the sun rises around seven o'clock</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oyaru)</font> 2 intr <br> increase in numbers; become bigger or greater in amount; go up<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivangaLeyum seettu kaydaanavangaLukka eNNikke pattaa oyandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>With the arrest of these people, the number of persons detained rose to ten</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(keLambu)</font> 3 intr <br> move upwards, ascend; move vertically<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuurelerundu pohe keLambrade paattoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We could see the smoke rise from the roof</font><br> 1) (meele vaa) 2c intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(udiru)</font> 6b intr <br> rise, as of the sun; dawn;<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuriyan udikkradukku munnaale enne ezuppaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't get me up before the sun rises</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(ezumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> wake up, get out of bed; start the day; come up, as the sun<br> <br> <font size=+1>selavanga suuriyan udikkra veeLele ezumbuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people rise with the sun</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(ezumbi nillu)</font> 3b intr <br> assume a standing position after lying, sitting or kneeling; get up and stand<br> <br> <font size=+1>taattaave paattadu naakkalilerundu ezumbi niNNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rose from his chair when he saw his grandfather</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(oyaru)</font> 2 intr <br> rise to a higher status, position, etc.; move up in ranks; be promoted, get ahead, get on<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ennooTa vazkkeyle paTippaTiyaa ozacci ooraLavukku oyandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I rose to a higher position in life by working hard every chance I got</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rise, as a wave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aleviisu)</font> 3 intr <br> rise in billows (lit. or fig.); billow up or forth<br> B.J. <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavule munnaale B.J.P ale viisuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>There was a B.J.P wave in India a while back</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>risk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(murpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be daring; have the courage; venture, have the nerve, have the temerity, be so bold as, have the audacity; hazard<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda vesha paambe kaiyile puTikka murpaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She risked holding the poisonous snake in her hands</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNinju erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> take chances; expose to a chance of loss or danger; endanger, jeopardize<br> <br> <font size=+1>tan uyire saaTTe paNNaama payyane kaappaatta aattule tuNinjeranginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He risked his life by jumping into the river to save the boy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rival</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTillaadadaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> attempt to equal or surpass; be equal to, touch, match<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone's trying to rival Microsoft's attainments, but without success</font><br> 1) (aabattukku uTpaTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (oppiTa takkadaayiru) 7 intr<br> 3) (pooTTi iTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rivet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudiyaa uuNu)</font> 3 tr <br> secure firmly, fix, esp. metal to metal by use of rivets<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??tuuNe urudiyaa uuNinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The pole was riveted to a plate in the ground</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanatte muzusum kavar)</font> 2 intr <br> engross or hold the attention; be fixed, rooted, frozen, unable to move; be motionless, unmoving, immobile<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was riveted to the spot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roam</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alenju tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> wander over or through; move about or travel aimlessly or unsystematically; ramble, wander; rove, drift, walk, traipse; range, travel, tramp, traverse, trek; (inf.) cruise, mosey<br> <br> <font size=+1>naay paavam saappaaTu teeTi uurellaam alenjutirinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog roamed the streets looking for food</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> move or travel aimlessly, wander without a goal or purpose<br> <br> <font size=+1>sanniyaasi uuruuraa sutti tirinjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The ascestic roamed from town to town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ere)</font> 2b intr <br> make noise; roar as the sea or wind; bellow, yell, bawl, shout, howl, thunder, shriek, scream, cry, bay<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan atturattule singam poola erenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He roared like a lion in anger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(erenju paayi)</font> 2b intr <br> produce or make a loud noise<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayil eranju poora sattam uur puuraavum keeTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sound of the train roaring past could be heard all over the village</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) j </B> <font size=+1>(garjane iTu)</font> 4 intr <br> utter a deep loud and prolonged sound, esp. in rage or excitement<br> j <br> <font size=+1>singam garjane pooTra sattam miruha kaaTci saalemuzusum mozangudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The roaring of the lion echoes throughout the zoo</font><br> 1) (urumu) 3 intr<br> 2) (suttam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vizundu vizundu siri)</font> 6b intr <br> laugh loudly or uproariously, howl, scream with laughter or in amusement<br> .<br> <font size=+1>paTatte paattu vizundu vizundu siriccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He roared with laughter as he watched the movie</font><br> 1) (suttam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> heat, as tea leaves; stir fry, saut{\' e}, as vegetables, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooTe veyyil engaLe vaaTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The heat of the hot season just roasted us to a crisp</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cook with dry heat, as in an oven or near hot coals; bake (esp. meats,)<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaLatte tiikkanalle suTTuppaareen</font><br> <font size=+1>Try roasting the pappadum over the coals</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> brown, dry, toast, or parch by exposing to heat<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaazeyeleye vaaTTi adule keTTuccoore veccu kaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Roast the banana leaf until it's wilted and use it to pack your (rice) lunch</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(analle vaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cook food, as meat, in an oven<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>erecciye analle vaaTTi samekka teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know how to roast meats?</font><br> 1) (veeha vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(varu)</font> 6 tr <br> cook with no moisture; dry, parch or brown<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaappikkoTTeye varuttu tuuNaakki kuppiile aTeccu vekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Roast the coffee beans, grind and store them in a jar</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rob</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTippari)</font> 6b tr <br> snatch or grab s.t. and run away; take property unlawfully from (a person or place) by force or threat of force; burgle, steal from, hold up, break into; raid, loot, plunder, pillage; burglarize ; (in<br> <br> <font size=+1>en paiye yaaroo oruttan taTTipparicciTTu ooTiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>A pickpocket robbed me of my bag and ran away with it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6b tr <br> strip (of possessions, etc.); despoil, steal<br> <br> <font size=+1>koLLekkaaranga en paNatte pariccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Thugs robbed me of my money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pari kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> be deprived of possessions unlawfully<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peecce nambi tan sotteyellaam parihuTuttuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She let herself be taken in by this guy and was robbed of all her possessions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(urime paripookku)</font> 3 tr <br> deprive a person unjustly of s.t. desired, due, or anticipated; deprive of s.t. injuriously; sap<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He robbed me of my good name</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(koLLe aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> steal, take valuables or desired articles illegally from s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri yaaroo kaTeye koLLeyaTiccuTTu pooyTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone robbed the store last night</font><br> 1) (abaharicuTTu poo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruTu)</font> 3 tr <br> take property from unlawfully by intimidation or force; steal<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan enga viiTTleyrundu ellaa saamaangaLeyum tiruTiiTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief robbed us of all our possessions</font><br> 1) (eTuttuTTu poo) 3b tr<br> 2) (kavandukko) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to swing or sway; cause to dangle<br> <br> <font size=+1>toTTile meduvaa aaTTinaa kozande tuungiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The baby will go to sleep if you rock the cradle gently</font><br> 1) (kulukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taalaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put (a child) to sleep; cradle and rock in order to induce drowsiness<br> <br> <font size=+1>siitaa taalaaTTinaadaan avan tuungappoovaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He goes to sleep only if Sita rocks him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to sway severely; push back and forth; swing<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuuNe vizappaNNa ade balamaa aaTTattoTanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried rocking the pillar back and forth in an effort to get it down</font><br> 1) (kulukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taalaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> sway back and forth or from side to side, esp. so as to soothe or lull to sleep<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandeye taalaaTTi ade tuungavayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Rock the baby to sleep</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTikkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> move back and forth or from side to side, esp. gently or rhythmically<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTahu aaTiiTTirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The boat was rocking gently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> sway severely, as from a shock or blow<br> j <br> <font size=+1>poyal kaattu veehattule kappal aaTradu terinjadum janangaLellaarum bayappaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People all got scared when they felt the ship rocking</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rocket</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaNam poola paanju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move rapidly, as a rocket; shoot up or forth<br> <br> <font size=+1>erinja veehattule pandu vaaNam poola paanju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ball seemed to rocket upwards from the force of the throw</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roll</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> move by rotating s.t. around its axis; push and turn s.t.; turn s.o. over<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane oru pakkamaa poraTTi taLLiiTTu vaNTiye ooTTattoTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rolled him to one side and started driving the cart</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruLu)</font> 1 intr <br> revolve and move over a flat surface, as a ball, a wheel, etc.; rotate<br> <br> <font size=+1>pandu rooTTle uruNTu poonade paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I saw the ball rolling down the street</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to revolve, as a ball; cause to move across a flat surface by revolving<br> <br> <font size=+1>pande meese meele uruTTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I rolled the ball on the table</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(poraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> move around in an agitated manner in a horizontal position<br> <br> <font size=+1>piTivaadam piTiccu kiiza vizundu poraLuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She would throw tantrums and roll on the floor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roll (into)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to assume the shape of a ball or cylinder; make into round shapes; involute<br> <br> <font size=+1>pesenja maavae urunNTe uruNTeyaa uruTTi vayyunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Roll the dough into little balls</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roll (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> curl up, coil (up); infold; go round/around, turn, turn round/around, rotate, revolve, spin, whirl, wheel; move or go in some direction by turning over and over on an axis<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaye suruTTi vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Roll up the mat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roll back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vele kore)</font> 6b intr <br> reduce (prices or wages) to a previous lower level; rescind price increases<br> <br> <font size=+1>vele koreccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They rolled back the prices</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roll up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTiccukkaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn up, as a dhoti, a lungi, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooTekkaalattule makkaL veeTTi naneyaama irukka veeTTiye maTiccukkaTTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During the monsoon season, people roll up their dhotis so they won't get wet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> curl up, as a carpet, a newspaper, a cigar, etc.; fold by rolling<br> <font size=+1>Cigars are made by rolling up a leaf of tobacco</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suruNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> scroll or curl up; become involuted or turned in upon itself<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda ceTiye toTTaa eleyellaam suruNTu poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>Touching that plant causes its leaves to roll up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(suruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn around one end, forming a flat object into a cylinder<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaye suruTTi vayyeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Roll up the mat [if you're not using it]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rolled (up), be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruL)</font> 1 intr <br> be folded into a roll; be rolled up<br> <font size=+1>The maps were all rolled and curled up in a round tube</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rolled (up), become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suruNTupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become coiled or curled up<br> <br> <font size=+1>tovecca tuNinga suruNTupooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The clothes are washed and have been rolled up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>romance</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kade sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> invent, tell or write romances; tell tall tales; make up elaborate stories; embroider the truth; engage in flights of fancy<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii kade sonnaa yaarum namba maaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody will believe what you say if you start romancing instead of sticking to facts</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadali)</font> 6b tr <br> make romantic love to, woo<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinimaavule kadaanaayahan kadaanaayahiye paaTTupaaTi kaadaliccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In the movie, the hero romanced the heroine with his songs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>romp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLiccaaTi veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> frolic or play boisterously, roughly or energetically; frisk, gambol, skip, prance, caper, cavort, rollick<br> !<br> <font size=+1>naaykkuTTi tuLLiccaaTi veLayaaTrade paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at how that puppy romps around!</font><br> 1) (kudi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ?</B> <font size=+1>(veTri aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> experience an easy victory because of unmatched opponents; win easily, as if in "no contest"<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The British Labour Party romped to victory in the last election, sending the Tories scurrying for cover</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>room</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tangu)</font> 3 intr <br> lodge; obtain or rent a room under the roof of others<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan akkaa viiTTle tanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He roomed in his sister's house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>room (make ... for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> cause space to be available for s.o.; move aside and give ground for or to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>soofaale irukkradukku eTangoTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He made room for me on the couch</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>room, make/give</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuunga eTamkuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> put s.o. up for a night; allot a berth or place<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe appaa teriyaadavangaLukkum viiTTule tuunga eTam kuTuppaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father will go so far as to make room in the house for complete strangers to sleep</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roost</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ama(r)ndiru)</font> 7 intr <br> rest or sleep as if on a perch or roost; perch in a precarious manner, as a bird in a tree<br> <br> <font size=+1>aande marattule ama(r)ndiruppadu terinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We could see the owl roosting in the tree</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>root</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urudiyaa uuNiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become firmly settled, established or entrenched<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? aangilam indiyaavle gaTTiyaa uridiyaa uuNuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The English language is firmly rooted in India, despite all attempts to get rid of it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veer viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> put out roots; become established, take root<br> <br> <font size=+1>seTi veerviTTu nallaa seziccu vaLarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The plant seems to have rooted well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>root (up/out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiNTi keLari tooNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> dig in the earth with, or as if with, the snout or nose<br> .<br> <font size=+1>paNNi kezanguhaLeyellaam kiNTi keLari tooNTiviTTudu.</font><br> <font size=+1>The pig rooted out all the tubers.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> extract or remove by or as if by the roots; remove completely and definitively; uproot<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaLeyeyellaam piTingi viTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Root out all the weeds.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>root around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuzaavu)</font> 3 intr <br> rummage for s.t.; delve; search unsystematically and untidily through s.t.; search, hunt, ferret about/around, fish about/around, poke around in, dig, delve, go through, explore, sift through, rifle<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahatte teeTi ellaa peTTileyum tuzaavippaattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rooted around in all the boxes looking for his book</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rope</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayittaale kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tie or fasten with or as if with a rope<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTTe kayittaale kaTTaaTTaa adu ooTippoohum</font><br> <font size=+1>Rope up the ox, otherwise it will run away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rope in</b></font><br> attempt to involve s.o. in some activity, against their will; get s.o. involved in s.t. unwillingly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried to rope him in to run for Congress, but he resisted.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rope off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayittaale kaTTivaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> enclose with or as with a rope<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaLeccandeeyle maaTTe vikkrayeTatte kayittaale kaTTivaLeccuTTaanga </font><br> <font size=+1>They roped off the enclosure where cattle are bought and sold</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLuttuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become damaged, esp. wood; decompose, molder, break down<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jannalellaam uLuttuppooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the windows have rotted away</font><br> 1) (azi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> decay, decompose, spoil; fester<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda pazatte saappiTaade, adu azuhattoTangiiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't eat this fruit; it's beginning to rot</font><br> 1) (keTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (sede) 6b intr<br> 3) (keTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rotate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> ride; drive a vehicle; make wheel revolve<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In India most potters don't have electric pottery wheels, so they have to rotate the wheel manually</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn around a central point or axis; spin around in a circle<br> <br> <font size=+1>buumi suttiiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The earth rotates constantly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(??maatti maatti payiriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> grow or plant in a fixed order of succession<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to rotate the crops systematically</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rotten get/become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become useless or damaged because of decay, humidity, etc.; disintegrate because of rot; be spoiled; become useless or ineffective<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahamellaam mazeyle nanenju keTTuppooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>These books have gotten all rotten from being drenched in the rain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rotten, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> putrefy; rot; decompose<br> <br> <font size=+1>maambazam azuhiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mango has become rotten</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rotten, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuhiyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become corrupt, ruined, spoiled<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTkaL aanadunaale maambazanga azuhiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mangoes got rotten because they had been kept too long</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rough up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moraTTuttanamaa naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat roughly or violently, manhandle, abuse<br> , .<br> <font size=+1>anda pollaadamanushan naaye evvaLavu moraTTuttanamaa naTattraan paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at the way that terrible man's roughing up his dog.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roughen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karaTumuraTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make rough or coarse; coarsen<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The actor roughened his voice to make himself sound older</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>roughhouse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> play roughly, as older boys; play so as to make messes, damage things, hurt others<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I've told you a hundred times; there's to be no roughhousing when we're away during the day!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>round</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTTamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.t. circular or round; cut the corners off s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In the printing plant where I worked, they rounded the corners on all the business cards with a special machine</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>round up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttiyaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> shut in on all sides; enclose<br> <br> <font size=+1>viirappane kaavaltore kaaTTule suttiyaTeccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police rounded up Veerappan in the forest.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rouse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTiyezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring into activity; stimulate, energize<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuukkattule irunda enne perumaaL taTTiyezuppinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Perumal roused me from sleep</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> arise or wake up from sleep, unconsciousness or inactivity<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuukkattuleyrundu ezumbradu enakku kashTamaayirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I find it difficult to rouse myself from sleep</font><br> 1) (coombel muri) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> arouse from sleep, unconsiousness or inactivity; wake s.o. up; get s.o. out of bed<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane aaru maNikki ezuppa connaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked me to rouse him at six o'clock</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rout</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaleccu ooTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> defeat decisively, resoundingly, or overwhelmingly; put to wild flight or retreat; repulse<br> .<br> <font size=+1>ediriye kaleccu ooTTinaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>He routed the enemy.</font><br> 1) (toorkaTi) 3 tr<br> 2) (koleccu viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(murinjooTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> put to wild flight or retreat<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediriye murinjooTippooha senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They routed the enemy decisively</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>route</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> send along, forward; direct or send in a particular direction or path<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda viNNappatte mandirikki anuppi vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Make sure that this petition is routed to the Minister himself</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>row</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTuppu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> propel o.s. forward in a boat using oars<br> , . <br> <font size=+1>tuTuppu pooTTu tuTuppu pooTTu kai valiccadudaan miccam, inda paTahu romba meduvaa naharudu. innum kareyeyee paakka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>We have been rowing for a long time and our hands are hurting. This boat is moving really slow, we don't see any sign of the shore at all</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTahe ooTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> propel a boat using oars<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattu mayil duuram vare paTahe ooTTiiTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They rowed for ten miles</font><br> 1) (seluttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rub</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orasikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> move over s.t. with pressure; cause friction; become irritated or worn from rubbing; fray, fret, chafe, scratch<br> <br> <font size=+1>irumbum irumbum veehamaa orasikkoNTaa neruppori uNTaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>A fire spark will be produced when two pieces of iron rub against each other</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavu)</font> 3 tr <br> smear, daub, rub gently<br> <br> <font size=+1>viks marunde muukkumeele nallaa taTavunaa saLi siikiram koNam aayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you gently rub Vicks on the nose your cold will be alleviated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> smear, daub; foment<br> <br> <font size=+1>kare meele oru paseye puusinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rubbed the paste over the stain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavu)</font> 3 tr <br> smear, daub (on a person); press and move back and forth, as the hands on s.o.'s limbs<br> <br> <font size=+1>puNNle marunde taTavinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rubbed the medicine on the sore</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(oraasu)</font> 3 tr <br> chafe with friction<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayiru marattule oraasi teenjuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rope is fraying because it's rubbing against the tree</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kasakku)</font> 3 tr <br> press and move back and forth; abrade<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNe kasekkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't rub your eyes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(teeyi)</font> 6b tr <br> scour, abrade; subject to pressure<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattratte azutti teeccaa adu paLapaLappaayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you rub hard, the pan will sparkle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(toTe)</font> attempt to remove by repetitive motions; chafe, foment<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNleyrundu tuukkatte toTeccuTTu kaappi saappiTa vandaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Rubbing the sleep from her eyes, she came for her cup of coffee</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ruffle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> disturb the smoothness or regularity of; mess up<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>en muTiye kalecciTaade. naan ippadaan taleciivineen</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't ruffle my hair. I just combed it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> confuse, fluster, rumple<br> <br> <font size=+1>vibattu naTanda seediyek keeTTadum oree kozappamaaccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>When she heard the news of the accident, she was visibly ruffled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ruin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTambe keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> upset the physical health; be injurious to the body<br> <br> <font size=+1>cigareT piTikkradu oTambe keTukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Smoking cigarettes will ruin one's health</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause destruction or failure; be fatal to people, animals, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>taajmahaale paazaakkaama paadukaakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should preserve the Taj Mahal instead of ruining it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> lay waste; devastate; destroy, wreck, ravage, demolish; make a mess of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava maamaa ava vaazkeye paazaakkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Her uncle ruined her life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTikeTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> reduce to poverty or bankruptcy; bring to an irrecoverable state of financial devastation<br> <br> <font size=+1>suudaaTTattule paNatteyellaam viiNaakki kuTikeTTuppoonaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He was ruined as a result of losing all his money in gambling</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> demolish or destroy; dilapidate, lay waste to, reduce to rubble<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaalattu kaTTiTangaLellaam paazaahi pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The old historical buildings are all in ruins</font><br> 1) (azinjju poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> destroy, lay waste to, wreck<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTiccu kuTiccu on vaazve paazaakkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't ruin your life by drinking</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> injure irreparably<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNatte tiruppi kuTukkaaTTaa on peeru keTTuppooyTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't repay your debts, your reputation will be ruined</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ruined, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 2b intr <br> be in ruins; crumble; break or fall apart into small fragments, esp. as part of a gradual process of deterioration<br> <br> <font size=+1>nela adirccikki appuram ellaa kaTTaTamum iTinju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>After the earthquake, all the buildings were ruined.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rule</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaLu)</font> 1 tr <br> govern; exercise authority over; as of nations; predominate, dominate, reign, prevail (over)<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLakkaaran indiyaave sumaar eranuuraaNTu kaalamaa aaNTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The English ruled India for around 200 years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirppaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> decide on and make a declaration about; contribute clarity; negociate differences; seek agreement between two parties;<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu kaccingaLum tangaLukkuLLe vazakke peesi tiittukkradu nalladu appaTiNNu niidibadi iNNekki tiirpaLiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge ruled today that the two parties should arbitrate and work out the differences among themselves</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirppu vazangu)</font> 3 intr <br> pass judgement, as in a judicial proceeding; issue a ruling<br> ?? ( ? ) <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge ruled that she should pay them ten thousand rupees</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakki aaLu)</font> 1 intr <br> dominate by powerful influence<br> <br> <font size=+1>nammaLe aTakki aaNTuTTirukkraanNu vevariccu paaTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He conveyed through his song how they were ruling over us</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTci puri)</font> 2b intr <br> exercise control over: govern, reign, dominate<br> <br> <font size=+1>anju varushamdaan aaTci purinjaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He ruled for only five years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urumu)</font> 3 intr <br> make a deep prolonged rolling or grumbling sound<br> <br> <font size=+1>engaLe sutti miruhanga urumura sattam keeTTuTTeeyirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We could hear the animals rumbling all around us</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mozangu)</font> 3 intr <br> move or proceed with a rumbling sound; make a loud, low, dull continuous noise<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri muzusum iTi mozangiiTTirundadunaale tuungamuTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't sleep because I could hear the thunder rumbling all night</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rummage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tozaavi paaru)</font> 6 intr <br> search thoroughly by turning over, handling, or disarranging the contents of; root through<br> <br> <font size=+1>parse teeTi ellaa peTTiyleyum tozaavi paattaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I rummaged through all the boxes, looking for my lost wallet</font><br> 1) (turuvi teeTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rumor, spread</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vadandi parappu)</font> 3 intr <br> disseminate, pass on, or tell by rumors; gossip<br> j <br> <font size=+1>vijayane veeleylerundu niikkiTTaangaNNu oru vadandi parappinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He spread the rumor that Vijayan was dismissed from his job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rumored, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> be said or told; be circulating or going around;<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNikki kalyaaNamNu sollraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It is rumored that Mani is getting married</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rumple</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasangi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become wrinkled or creased; get messed up; get out of order<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandeye maTiile vaccuTTirundadunaale poTave kasangippooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My sari got all rumpled from holding the child on my lap</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalecciviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> disarrange or tousle; disturb the order of or mess up, as bed<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan kaTTilmeele irunda tuNiye ellaam kalecciviTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I rumpled the sheets on my bed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>run</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> manage; organize; have responsibility for; boss<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava muppadu vayasukkuLLe oru periya niruvanatte naTattinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>By the age of thirty, she was running a major organization</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paayi)</font> 2b intr <br> flow through or over; run in a course, as a river; flow, as blood: course; race<br> <br> <font size=+1>aruvi paanju ooTra eTangaLLe niiccal aTikkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't swim in places where the river is running so strongly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> run off; go in a hurry or unceremoniously; go off without spending much time<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava eedoo avasarattule viiTTe viTTu ooTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She ran out of her house in some sort of hurry.</font><br> 1) (eyangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move swiftly on foot so that both feet leave the ground for an instant during each stride; spring<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan basseppiTikka ooTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ran to catch the bus</font><br> 1) (eyangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi)</font> 2b intr <br> flow in a steady stream; course<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNi rooTu vaziyaa vazinju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water ran down the street</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> operate; function<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaTiyaaram innum ooTiiTTirukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My watch is still running</font><br> 1) (eyangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 2b intr <br> flow gently; trickle<br> <br> <font size=+1>mohattile kaNNir vaTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tears ran down his face</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(alenju tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> move about at will; move or wander around aimlessly<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTikkaama naaLu muzusum alenju tiriyaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He runs around all day instead of studying</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>run (a business)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> operate a business establishment, such as a boarding house, hotel or hostel<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avanooTa maneviyooTa oru oNavuviTudi naTattunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ran a boarding house with his wife</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>run (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3 tr <br> retreat rapidly, flee; run off (with fright); bolt; escape and vanish; leave home without informing anyone<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan piTipaTaama ooTippoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief managed to escape by running away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>run into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaziyle paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> come across s.o. on o's way; meet by chance<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??tappi tavari taj mahaalukku pooyi avare vaziyle paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I ran into him when we were on an excursion to the Taj Mahal</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>run off (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(takki poo)</font> 3b intr <br> carry off; remove by force; take away forcibly<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaiyule irunda paNatte avan puTingi takki poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He pried the money out of my hands and ran off with it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>run over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi)</font> 2b intr <br> exude; flow out; pour forth<br> !<br> <font size=+1>paal pongi vaziyudu aTuppe ane!</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk is boiling over and running down on everything; turn off the stove!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ettu)</font> 3 intr <br> knock down with a vehicle; cause vehicular homicide<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeNumNNee avan meele laariye eetti koNNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ran over him with his truck and willfully killed him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>run over, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> be knocked down and injured by a wheeled vehicle<br> <br> <font size=+1>bassukku sakkaram eeri avan kaal oTenju pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His leg was broken as a result of being run over by a bus</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rupture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTiccuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> break open; separate or cause to separate abruptly; tear, snap, bust, fragment<br> <br> <font size=+1>erinja veehattile teengaa veTiccuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The coconut ruptured from being thrown so forcefully</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rush</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattaa para)</font> 7 intr <br> run fast as the wind; attend to work actively and enthusiastically<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava anda veeleye muTiccu tiikka kaattaa parandaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She rushed to finish the work with great enthusiasm.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTanee poo @(N intr)@)</font> 2b intr <br> do quickly, speed up, accelerate; become faster<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vebattu sambandamaana seydi keTeccadum adihaaringa ange oTanee poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The officials immediately rushed to the site of the accident as soon as they got information about it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aattira avasaramaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> perform with great haste; ignore details in order to finish s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>aattira avasaramaa veele senjaa adu eppaTi ozungaayirukkum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How do you expect to do a good job if you rush through it?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(avasarappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> hurry, get a move on<br> <br> <font size=+1>basse piTikka avasarappaTTu ooTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rushed to catch the bus</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paanju taakku)</font> 3 intr <br> make a sudden or swift attack or charge; hasten, hurry, look sharp, hotfoot, hie, speed, race, pelt along, rush along, cannonball along, belt along<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??kuuTTam kadavukku paanju taakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The crowds rushed towards the gates</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(erenju paayi)</font> 6b intr <br> flow or surge swiftly, often with noise<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazettaNNi ooTeele erenju paajudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain water rushed through the drain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(avasarappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to move or act with vigorous haste or violence; push s.o. to do s.t. quickly or without delay<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinimaakku leeTTaaraduNNu enne tayaaraaha avasarappaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He rushed me to get ready as it was getting late for the movie</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rush, be in/make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(turu turu)</font> 6 intr <br> be in too great a hurry; be itching or dying, as to go, to do s.t., etc.<br> <font size=+1>Don't be in such a rush; take more time to think it over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(turu piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> become corroded, eaten away, as iron or other metals<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTakkare pakkattle tangiyirundaa kaarellaam turuppiTiccuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The cars of people who live near the ocean get rusted in no time at all</font><br> 1) (keTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>rustle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(salasala)</font> 6 intr <br> (of streams and leaves) rustle; gurgle; chatter; clink; swish<br> <br> <font size=+1>golusooTa salasala oli enakku piTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>I like the gentle rustling sound of anklets</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sara sara)</font> 6 intr <br> move with soft, fluttering, swishing, or crackling sounds<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattle eleha sarasaratta sattam teLivaa keeTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sound of the leaves rustling in the wind could be heard quite clearly</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sarasara)</font> 6 intr <br> make a soft sound; whisper<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaattule eleyellaam sarasarattudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The leaves rustled in the breeze.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sabotage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kole)</font> 6b tr <br> act in a treacherous manner to defeat or hinder a cause or endeavor; undermine s.t. by doing secret damage to it; destroy property, or obstruct normal operations, as by enemy agents during war; counte<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadiha kuNTu veTiccu teerdale kolekka moyarcci senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists tried to sabotage the elections by setting off bombs</font><br> 1) (kaviz) 7 tr<br> 2) (siirkole) 6 tr<br> 3) (naasaveele paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koLLeyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> plunder or loot<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayangaravaadiha uurleyuLLa ellaa saamaangaLeyum koLLeyaTiccu kaTTiTangaLeyellaam taramaTTamaakkiiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>After sacking the town, the terrorists razed all the buildings</font><br> 1) (suureyaaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleylerundu niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> dismiss, as from a job; get rid of s.o., usu. suddenly, or with provocation; fire, give notice, can, dismiss, give the axe to, send away, force out, give the sack, terminate, bounce<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane tiTiirNu veelelerundu niikkiiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was sacked from his job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sacrifice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pali kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> immolate; offer in sacrifice; kill in sacrifice<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaaLikki oru aaTTe palikuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sacrificed a sheep to the Goddess Kali.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give away at a loss; sell for less than expected<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In order to pay our bills we had to sacrifice the house and move in with relatives</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tyaaham seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> give up or forego s.t. highly valued for the sake of s.t. considered to have a greater value<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTTukkaaha tan uyire tyaaham senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sacrificed his life for the sake of the country</font><br> 1) (bali koTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tora)</font> 7 intr <br> renounce; give up, forfeit<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkattu viiTTukkaarar tan sotteyellaam torandu viTTuTTu sanniyaasiyaahiviTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>My neighbor sacrificed everything and renounced all his wealth to become an ascetic</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pali iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> offer as a sacrifice to propitiate a god or deity, especially the ritual slaughter of an animal or human<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaalattule manushangaLe baliyiTaradu pazakkamaayirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days humans were sacrified to propitiate the gods</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sad, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tukkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be unhappy, downcast, depressed, morose<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTTi eranda veshayatte keeTTu romba tukkappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was sad when he heard about the death of his grandmother</font><br> 1) (tukkamaayiru) 7 intr<br> 2) (sangaTamaayiru) 7 intr<br> 3) (kaNkalangippoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sadden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manade varuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause s.o. to experience sadness; grieve; cast down, deject, depress, dispirit, dampen o's spirits, cast a gloom upon, desolate, upset, distress, grieve, break o's heart, make o's heart bleed<br> <br> <font size=+1>inta vishayam en manasa varutticchu</font><br> <font size=+1>This incident saddened me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make sad or unhappy<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vishayatte tiruppit tiruppi neneppuuTTi avane varuttappaTuttaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't sadden by reminding him constantly about the incident</font><br> 1) (manamoTenjju poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (tukkappaTu) 4 intr<br> 3) (sangaTappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 4) (tukkappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> 5) (manam kalangu) 3 intr<br> 6) (sangaTappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become sad or unhappy; become morose or depressed<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paTukkeyle keTandade paattu romba varuttappaTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He was saddened to see the fellow bedridden</font><br> 1) (manamoTenjju poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (tukkappaTu) 4 intr<br> 3) (manam kalangu) 3 intr<br> 4) (sangaTappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>saddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazi somattu)</font> 3 intr <br> lay the blame on; load or burden; encumber<br> <br> <font size=+1>taan senja tappe oppukkoLLaama anda appaavi meele pazisomattiviTTu veeTikke paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of taking the responsibility for the mistake, he saddled an innocent person with the blame and then stood back and watched the spectacle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seeNam puuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> put on a saddle, as on a horse<br> <br> <font size=+1>kudirekki seeNam puuTTi adu meeleeri savaari poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He saddled the horse and went for a ride</font><br> 1) (seeNam pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eettu)</font> 3 tr <br> burden or encumber as with too much work, onerous responsibilities, unpleasant tasks<br> <br> <font size=+1>paavam anda sinna poNNu meele ellaa poruppayum eettiviTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They saddled that poor little child with all the responsibilities of the household</font><br> 1) (sumattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>safeguard</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattirappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> protect, keep, guard, make safe<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaalattule sotte podeccu pattirappaTuttuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days people would safeguard their wealth from being stolen by burying it in the ground</font><br> 1) (pattiramaaha vayyi) 6b tr<br> 2) (kaappaattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toy)</font> 2i <br> become weak or tired; fail in energy, strength, enthusiasm, etc.; grow faint<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaL puuraa veyille veele senju naan rombavum toonjuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>After working all day in the heat, I started to sag.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(erangiiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> decline, as in value or price; slump<br> <br> <font size=+1>teengaa vele maTamaTeeNNu erangiiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Coconut prices started sagging</font><br> 1) (korenju poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(manam taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> fall, as spirits; become disappointed or discouraged<br> <br> <font size=+1>pariicceyle toottu poonaaNNu terinjadum avan manam taLandu pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His spirits sagged when he learned that he had flunked the exam</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzi vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> settle from pressure or weight, slump; collapse, sink<br> <br> <font size=+1>mettele kuzi vizunduTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mattress has started to sag</font><br> 1) (tongu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(toyyi)</font> 2b intr <br> sink from pressure or weight; slump, slouch, go slack<br> <br> <font size=+1>uunjalle angam toyya okkaandirundaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The hammock sagged under his weight when he sat in it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(neLi)</font> 2b intr <br> get bent out of shape; slump<br> <br> <font size=+1>perambu naarkaali maze nanenju neLinju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cane chair has sagged out of shape because of having gotten wet in the rain</font><br> 1) (vaLenjju viTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (taLandu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(tongu)</font> 3 intr <br> droop, curve downward<br> ??`<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The branches (of the tree) are sagging under the weight of the mangoes</font><br> 1) (vaaTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(taLar)</font> 2 intr <br> lose strength, firmness or resilience; get stretched out of shape; become misshapen<br> <br> <font size=+1>aseye taLaraviTaama irukka kaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Tie up the clothesline so that it doesn't sag</font><br> 1) (toonjju poo) 3b intr<br> 2) (tongu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move, as a sailing craft, over water<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Captain Vancouver sailed into Puget Sound in April, 1792</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parandu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> move quickly or effortlessly; proceed swiftly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The legislation to establish an official language sailed through the legislature but was vetoed by the governor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTakooTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> operate a sailing craft<br> <br> <font size=+1>liivu keTeccadum avan paTahooTTradukkaaha kaTakkarekki pooyuTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as he gets a break, he goes sailing</font><br> 1) (kappalooTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kappal muulam kaTa)</font> 7 tr <br> travel by boat or ship<br> <br> <font size=+1>gangeye kappal muulam kaTandoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We sailed across the Ganges</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>salivate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayle eccil uutteTu)</font> 6 intr <br> secrete or produce saliva; (metaph.) be unable to suppress o's eagerness to obtain s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar soveccu saappiTrade paakkavangaLukku vaayle eccil uutteTukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>People start salivating when they see him eat his food with such obvious relish</font><br> 1) (eccil uuru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sally (forth)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paanju taakku)</font> 3 intr <br> rush out suddenly; go out quickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>~no spoken equivalend~</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old stories soldiers would 'sally forth' from forts to attack the enemy</font><br> 1) (puRappaTTu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>salt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uppu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> add, treat, season or sprinkle with salt<br> <br> <font size=+1>muTTekkoosukku innum konjam uppu pooTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The cabbage needs to be salted some more</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>salty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uppaaTTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be seasoned with too much salt<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNavu romba uppaaTTamaa irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The meal was very salty</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>salute</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(salaam paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> greet by raising the hand to the forehead, as in military usage<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTTaaLattule salaam paNNi mariyaade kaaTTradudaan vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>In the army it is customary to show respect by saluting</font><br> 1) (salyuuTTaTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mariyaade seluttu)</font> 3 intr <br> greet or address with an expression of welcome, goodwill or respect; honor formally and ceremoniously<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When the Queen goes on state visits, she is saluted formally, sometimes with 21 guns</font><br> 1) (vaNangu) 3 tr<br> 2) (ubasari) 6b tr<br> 3) (vaazttu) 3 tr<br> 4) (?) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>salvage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> save from loss or destruction; save and reuse; recycle, scavenge<br> <br> <font size=+1>tii vebattlerundu ellaa saamaanatteyum eppaTiyoo kaappaatta muTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We managed somehow to salvage all our belongings from the fire</font><br> 1) (miiTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sample</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> experience a portion of s.t.; try, try out, taste<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTTukku sela pahudihaLettaan paakka muTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We could only sample a small part of the country</font><br> 1) (anubavi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maadiri eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take a sample of, esp. test or examine by a sample<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The schools are going to do blood sampling to see if athletes have been taking drugs</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(rusi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> taste; try; have a go at; see for o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paruppu eppaTi irukkuNNu konjam rusi paattu solleen</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you sample the lentils and let me know what you think</font><br> 1) (padam paar) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sanctify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(punidamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make pure from sin, purify; consecrate, bless, hallow<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Catholics sanctify land before they dedicate it for use as a cemetery</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sanction</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anumadi kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> encourage by an indication of approval; condone<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??anumadi kuTukka maruttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The college does not sanction opposite sex cohabitation in the dorms</font><br> 1) (angiihari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anumadi)</font> 3 tr <br> allocate funds; appropriate, set aside; budget<br> <br> <font size=+1>meeTTuur aNeye pazudupaakkradukkaaha tamizaha arasu ombadu kooTi ruubaa anumadiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The state of Tamilnadu has sanctioned nine crore rupees for the renovation of Mettur Dam</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTecciileyaale vazuvazuppaakku)</font> 6b tr <br> rub, scrape or polish with sandpaper<br> <br> <font size=+1>meesekki saayam puusaNumNaa modalle ade paTTecciileyaale vazuvazuppaakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you want to paint the table, you better sand it first to make it smooth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maNal ere)</font> 6b tr <br> spread sand on; cover with sand<br> <br> <font size=+1>pani vizundadum rooTTule maNal ereppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They sand the roads as soon as it snows</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sandwich</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> insert tightly between two other things of differing character or quality; squeeze in; shoehorn in<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahatte reNTu aharaadihaLukka naTuvile tiNiccu vacceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to sandwich the book between the two dictionaries</font><br> 1) (seluttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (puhuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sandwich (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make room or time for by inserting in a small space or interval<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll try to sandwich the meeting in between lunch and the doctor's appointment</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sandwiched, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTuvule ahappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be squeezed or cramped tightly between<br> <br> <font size=+1>nerukkamaana bassle reNTu taTicca manushangaLukku naTavle ahappaTTu tiNTaaTippooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got sandwiched between two corpulent persons in the crowded bus</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sanitize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sohaadaara moreppaTi suttappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make sanitary; pristinize; clean up, purify<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? tani tamiz iyakkakkaaranga tamiz moziye sohaadaara moreppaTi suttappaTuttuveeNTiyadaa irundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Pure Tamil Movement people have tried to sanitize the Tamil language by removing foreign elements</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suttamaakku)</font> do ethnic cleansing; make an area free from a particular population; make a language, culture etc. free from particular cultural or linguistic traits<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They've been trying to sanitize Tamil by eliminating sounds borrowed from Sanskrit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to wither; cause to lose vigour or strength<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyil engaLe vaaTTiyeTutturuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The heat of the sun has sapped our strength.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> undermine the foundations of; draw off the strength of; weaken, sabotage, undermine, countermine, counteract, subvert<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They have sapped the strength of the nation by military adventuring in foreign lands</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(palaviinappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> weaken gradually, devitalize, undermine<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>For Tamil purists, the existence of foreign words in the language saps its vitality</font><br> 1) (taLarappaNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>satiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehaTTi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> satisfy or appease an appetite or desire fully<br> <br> <font size=+1>aLavukku miiri saappiTTaa tehaTTippoohum</font><br> <font size=+1>You'll become satiated if you eat too much</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>satisfied, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puurttiyaahu)</font> 3i <br> be completed; come to a completion; be taken care of<br> <br> <font size=+1>en teeveyellaam puurttiyaayiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All my needs have been satisfied</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pasi tiiru)</font> 2 intr <br> be appeased, as hunger<br> <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki saayndram nallaa saappuTTadaale ennooTa pasi tiindudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I ate well this evening, so my hunger is now satisfied</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be free from doubt or question, be assured<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sonnadu uNmedaanNu paTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was satisfied that he was telling the truth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>satisfy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(truptipaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> please; make content or happy; live up to the expectations of<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaave truptipaTuttradu romba kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is very difficult to satisfy my father</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveettu)</font> 3 tr <br> fulfil<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You haven't fulfilled the conditions I specified, so the answer is no</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aase tiiru)</font> 6 intr <br> be content; have enough of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aase tiira veLeyaaTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He played until he was satisfied</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(manadukku sarippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be completely pleased with<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I am not satisfied with my performance in the test</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(trupti aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be gratified, be happy, be at peace or rest<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan enna senjaalum avan truptiyaaha maaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter what I do, he won't be satisfied</font><br> 1) (nimmadi aTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveeru)</font> 3 intr <br> comply with the requirements of (a standard or rule)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Your knowledge of French should satisfy the language requirement</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(trupti aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be gratified. feel satisfaction<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan enna senjaalum avan truptiyaaha maaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter what I do, he won't be satisfied</font><br> 1) (nimmadi aTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(aase tiiru)</font> 6 intr <br> be content; have enough of s.t.; be satiated<br> <br> <font size=+1>aase tiira veLeyaaTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He played until he was satisfied</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be free from doubt or question, be assured, be clear in o's mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sonnadu uNmedaanNu paTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was satisfied that he was telling the truth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(nereveeru)</font> 3 intr <br> comply with the requirements of (a standard or rule)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Your knowledge of French should satisfy the language requirement</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>saturate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paraviyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> imbue or impregnate thoroughly, such as with scents or tastes<br> <br> <font size=+1>puu maNam ruum puuraavum paraviyirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The room was saturated with the smell of flowers</font><br> 1) (nerenjjiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uuri poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be soaked with moisture; be drenched<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The ground was saturated after so much rain, leading to flooding</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>saunter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oyyaaramaa vaa)</font> 2 intr <br> walk leisurely, stroll; walk in a carefree way<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattu maNikki ezumbi oyyaaramaa en vahuppukku naTandu varamuTiyumNNu nenekkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They think they can rise at 10 and saunter leisurely into my class</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sauteed, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> be burnt until crispy; be fried quickly over high heat<br> !<br> <font size=+1>karuhiya uruLe kazangu poriyal romba soveyaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Potatoes that are sauteed until crispy taste really good!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>savage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muraTTuttanamaa taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> attack violently, brutally, viciously, or ferociously<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaLLu naay kozandeye moraTTuttanamaa taakkiiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The stray dog attacked the child and savaged it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>save</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> rescue, as a sick person; bring (a)round, through<br> <br> <font size=+1>nooyaaLi aruvesihiccayaale kaapaattappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The patient was saved by surgery.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taviru)</font> make unnecessary: avoid; spare<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I could have saved you the trouble of making a trip to the store</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> keep s.t. for s.o.; put s.t. aside for s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakkaaha konjam aNTiye eTuttu vacceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I saved some cashew nuts for you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pattirappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> keep in a safe condition; prevent damage or calamity<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahangaLe mazeyle naneyaama pattirappaTutti vacceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to save the books from getting wet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(miiLu)</font> what class? <br> preserve a person or thing from harm or loss; rescue, deliver, redeem<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaLe kuTi peedeylerundu miiTkaNumNu muTivu senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They decided to save the people from drink</font><br> 1) (kaappaattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> rescue from danger, harm or loss; carry through, pull through, bring through<br> <br> <font size=+1>maruttuvar avan uyire kaappaattinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor saved his life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put aside for a purpose, spare, lay aside, reserve<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTutta vaarattu selavukkaaha konjam paNatte odukki vaccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We saved some money for next week's expenses</font><br> 1) (seemiccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkanam seyyi)</font> 2b intr <br> avoid waste or expense, economize; spend sparingly, avoid the waste of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This will save money in the long run, but there will be some pain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(miccam piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> prevent the waste or loss of, conserve; put aside<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Building the new dam has saved a lot of water, and preserved lands from erosion, too</font><br> 1) (seettu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> (computer) to copy data from a computer's main memory to a storage medium so that it can be used again<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>After you have finished writing the document, save it on your hard drive</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>save (life)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pozekka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> rescue from death; deliver from danger, come to the aid of, free, set free/loose, release, liberate, emancipate, get out, extricate, redeem, salvage, relieve<br> <br> <font size=+1>saava irundavane anda periya vaittiyaru eppaTiyoo pozekka veccaaru appaTingradu teyvacceyal taan</font><br> <font size=+1>It was by the grace of god that that wonderful doctor was somehow able to save him from death.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>save s.o.'s life</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattu)</font> 6b tr <br> rescue from death; act to prevent death<br> <br> <font size=+1>maruttuvanga anda nooyaaLiye aapareeshan senji eppaTiyoo kaappaattiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the doctors somehow managed to perform the surgery and saved the man's life</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>savor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sove)</font> 6b tr <br> relish; enjoy; turn over in o's mouth so as to extract all the flavor; turn over in o's memory so as to relive an experience<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa samecca saappaaTTe soveccu saappiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He savored the meal his mother had cooked for him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(rasi)</font> 6b tr <br> enjoy or relish<br> d <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(raci)</font> 6b tr <br> enjoy or relish<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Parents savor the moments when their children do something good</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>saw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTuhaLaa veTTu)</font> 6 tr <br> cut or divide with or as with a saw<br> <br> <font size=+1>marakkoppe sinna sinna tuNTuhaLaa veTTi aTuppu pakkattule aTukki vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Saw up that branch into smaller pieces and stack them up by the fireplace</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>say</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> report or maintain, allege<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar periya paNakkaararNu solliiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It is said that he is a wealthy man</font><br> 1) (abippraayappaTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (nene) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> utter aloud, speak<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan enna sonnaan? </font><br> <font size=+1>What did he say?</font><br> 1) (abippraayappaTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (nene) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oodu)</font> 3 intr <br> recite or repeat, as a mantra, novena, etc.<br> <font size=+1>""</font><br> <font size=+1>The politicians say the same thing over and over</font><br> 1) (sollu) 3c intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scald</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaccu)</font> 3 tr <br> boil, as a liquid; bring to a quick boil, then reduce heat<br> <br> <font size=+1>paale kaaccu aara vekkavum</font><br> <font size=+1>Scald the milk and let it come to room temperature</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayi)</font> 2b intr <br> heat a liquid to a temperature just below the boiling point<br> <br> <font size=+1>paale kaanjadum aTuppulerundu erakki vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Remove the milk (from the heat) as soon as it gets scalded</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poLLi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> blister or burn, as with hot liquid or steam<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She scalded her hands when she turned on the faucet and hot water came out</font><br> 1) (venniiraale suTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scale</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sediLeTu)</font> 6 intr <br> clear or strip a fish of scale or scales; remove the scales from a fish or other scaly creatures<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>miinlerundu sediLeTukka teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know how to scale fish?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> climb up or over; ascend a ladder<br> <br> <font size=+1>pookkirittanamaa madileeri muttattile kudiccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They scaled the wall and jumped down into the garden</font><br> 1) (tottiyeeru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scale down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce by a certain rate, diminish, cut<br> <br> <font size=+1>selave korekka veeNTiyadaayirundu</font><br> <font size=+1>We had to scale down our expenses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scamper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> run or go hurriedly or playfully; scurry, skitter, scuttle, scoot<br> <br> <font size=+1>puuneye paattadum suNTeli ooTippoonade paattoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We saw the mouse scamper away as soon as it saw the cat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scan</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraanju paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> examine closely; cause the eyes to traverse a broad range; move the gaze across a page, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>turuva naccattratte teeTi vaanatte aaraanju paattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They scanned the skies looking for the north star</font><br> 1) (teeTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nooTTam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> look over rapidly but thoroughly by moving from one point to another<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He scanned the document looking for mistakes</font><br> 1) (kaNNooTTam iTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(siirhaLaa piri)</font> 6b tr <br> analyze (verse) into rhythmical patterns; divide into metrical feet<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattiyaar seyyuLe siirhaLaa pirikkacconnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher asked us to scan the poem</font><br> 1) (ase aseyaa piri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scandalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkivaarippooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shock the propriety or moral sense of; offend, appall, outrage<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeran maruttuvakkalluuriyilirundu velahiviTTa seedi avangaLe tuukkivaarippooTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>They were scandalized to hear that their grandson had dropped out of medical school</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paadi)</font> 6b tr <br> do permanent and visible damage to the skin, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Where the boiling oil scalded him, he was scarred for life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puNpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> wound, hurt<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was scarred by the experience, and never wanted to do it again</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scarce, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aruhippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become less frequent or rare<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the war, food became scarce and people were starving</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> intimidate; frighten; discourage, deter, demoralize, put off, dishearten, dispirit; intimidate, abash, take aback, throw, cow, overawe, awe unman, dismay, disconcert, discompose, perturb, un<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna pasangaLe bayamuruttaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't scare the little boys</font><br> 1) (accuruttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (payappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meraNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be or become frightened into doing s.t.; be induced into action by fear<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambe paattadum maaTellaam meraNTooTippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cows got scared and stampeded when they saw the snake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kalavara paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be alarmed, fearful<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuureylerundu pohe ezumbrade paattu kalavarappaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were scared when they saw smoke rising from the roof</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(meraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> frighten s.o. into doing s.t.; induce action by fear<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaaTTe sollikkuTuppoomNu avane meraTTappaattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried to scare him into doing it by threatening to tattle on him to his father</font><br> 1) (payamuruttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kalavarappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> alarm; daunt, dash, pall, frighten off, frighten away<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTu tiipiTiccirukkuNNu solli ellaareyum kalavarappaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He scared everyone by telling them that the house was on fire</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> suddenly frighten; cause to feel fear; freak s.o. out<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandeye puuccaaNTi varuduNNu solli bayamuruttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He scared the child by telling him that a puuccaandi [a Tamil goblin] was coming</font><br> 1) (accuruttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (payappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scare (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> frighten away, drive away; alarm<br> <br> <font size=+1>payappaTravangaLe paattaa veruTTaradu anda kuuTTattaarooTa pozudupookku</font><br> <font size=+1>That type of person gets pleasure in scaring away people who are afraid of such groups</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scare off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> drive off or out, frighten away, drive away<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayalle puundu payire tingra maaTungaLe angerundu veraTTu. illeeNNaa payire naasam paNNiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Better scare off the cattle that have come into the green field. Otherwise they'll make a mess of the crops</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scared be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> be frightened, be startled, be freaked (out), be grossed out<br> <br> <font size=+1>sevappu tuNiye paattaa enga maaTu meraNTu ooTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Our cow gets scared when it happens to see a red cloth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scared, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(araL)</font> verb class? <br> grow terrified, be frightened; fear, dread<br> <br> <font size=+1>araNTavan kaNNukku iruNTadellaam peeyi appaTiiNNu oru pazamozi irukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>There's a saying that people who are scared of everything will see ghosts everywhere</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anju)</font> 3 intr <br> be frightened, be meek, be hesitant or reluctant, be submissive; cringe, go weak in the knees<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa talevare paakka ennavoo teriyalle ennooTa naNnan ippa payappaTuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>my friend is for some reason or other scared to death to see the leader of his group</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scarf (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> gobble up, eat like an animal; engulf s.t. esp. food; inhale o's food<br> <br> <font size=+1>irunda ellaa saappaaTTeyum avanee koTTikkiTTaan. oruttarukkum miidi vekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>He scarfed up all the food and didn't leave anything for others</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scary, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bpayangaramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fierce, wild or fearful; be felocious or frightening; be terrible or intense, as hunger, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>puli paakka bayangaramaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tiger was scary-looking</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scatter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> disperse in many directions, as small round objects; sprinkle, dot, dust<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When you plant the fields, scatter the seeds widely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(angangee iru)</font> 7 intr <br> happen or be present at widely spaced but unpredictable intervals<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyilunga angangee irukkrade paakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You will find temples scattered all around the countryside</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> disperse, cause to scatter; break up (a crowd, etc.); send s.o. running<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliiskaaranga kuuTTatte kalaccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police scattered the crowd</font><br> 1) (sedaraTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scattered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sedarikkeTa)</font> 2 intr <br> be scattered about; be messy; be dissipated; lie strewn about in a willy-nilly disorganized fashion<br> <br> <font size=+1>sirpanga ellaam sedarikkeTakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The idols have all been broken and scattered around</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scavenge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teru perukku)</font> 3 intr <br> gather and remove dirt or refuse from; find and reuse objects discarded by others<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This is a bed I scavenged from the roadside on recycling day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTippaaru)</font> search through and gather for salvageable material; live off the discarded detritus of others<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Hyenas scavenge throughout the scrub looking for something to eat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mohandu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> perceive or recognize by sense of smell; nose out, get wind of<br> ?/<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The animals with a keen sense of smell can scent you out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scent (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mooppam piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hunt or track prey by means of the sense of smell (of animals)<br> <br> <font size=+1>miruhanga ereye mooppam piTiccu kaNTupiTicciTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Animals can scent out their prey</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>schedule</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippeeTTule kuriccuvayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> note down in a register or calendar; enter into a calendar for future reference<br> !<br> <font size=+1>inda viyaabaara kaNakkungaLe kurippeeTTule kuriccuvayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Schedule these business transactions into the calendar.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> plan for a certain day or time<br> <br> <font size=+1>toTarbaana peeccu vaartte aTutta sevvaakkezame naTepera ozungu senjirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The meeting has been scheduled for next Tuesday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scheduled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakkiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be due to arrive or leave; have a regular schedule of arrivals and departures<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi pattu maNikki vandu seerumNu kaNakkiTTiruppadaaha sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The train is scheduled to arrive at 10 o'clock</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scheme</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuzcci seyyi @(nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> contrive, plan esp. a secret or underhanded plan, plot, intrigue, connive<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalvare padavilerundu niikka suuzcci senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They've been scheming to remove the chief minister from his post</font><br> 1) (rahasiyamaa tiTTamiTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>school</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payirci aLi)</font> 3b tr <br> train, discipline; develop, prepare, educate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>soovyaT keejiibii avare payirci aLiccaanga, adanaale avar periya keTTikaararu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was schooled by the KGB so he's an expert in organizing dirty tricks</font><br> 1) (pazahu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(solli kuTu)</font> 6b intr <br> instruct, educate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe paLLikkuuTattukku viTaama viiTTle vaccudaan paaTam solli kuTuttanga</font><br> <font size=+1>She was schooled at home</font><br> 1) (~no spoken equivalent~) 6b tr<br> 2) (paTippi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scoff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asaTTe paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> regard as unworthy; look down (o's nose) on/at; ignore; sneer at; jeer, flout, gibe<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele illaadavanga enda veeleyeyum asaTTe paNNakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>People who are unemployed cannot afford to scoff at any job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scoff (at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eha(z)ndu peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> mock at or treat with scorn, deride, ridicule, make fun of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku paaTa teriyaaduNNu ehandu peesinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They scoffed at him for his inability to sing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scold</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> rail against; curse; reprimand, dress down, chastise; abuse, inveigh against; revile, vituperate; remonstrate with, chide, upbraid, berate, take to task, (inf.) chew out, read s.o. the Riot Act, giv<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>ava marumahaLe eppavum tiTTikkiTTee iruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was always scolding her daughter-in-law.</font><br> 1) (oTukku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> criticize openly, reprimand<br> <br> <font size=+1>~no spoken equivalent~</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher reprimanded the student and scolded him publicly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(adaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> rebuke, chide<br> <br> <font size=+1>rooTTle veLeyaaTaadeeNNu tan payyane adaTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She scolded her son for playing on the street</font><br> 1) 3 intr<br> 2) </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTTu @(N intr)@)</font> 2b intr <br> scold, revile, chastise; dress down, upbraid<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tappu senjaa enga viiTTule tiTTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If I make a mistake my parents would always scold me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scoop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koori eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> gather in or up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When we saw the fire, we scooped up all the children and ran</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> hollow out by digging<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTTeye tooNTiyeTuttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They scooped out all the seeds</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaari eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take up or dip into with, or as if with, a scoop or the hand<br> , <br> <font size=+1>payyan maNale vaari eTuttu poTTiyle vaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The boy scooped up the sand put it in the box</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kooru)</font> 3 tr <br> take up or dip into a liquid with or as if with a scoop or the hand<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNiye reNTu kayyile kooriyeTuttu mohatte kazuvinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She scooped up some water and washed her face</font><br> 1) (aLLi eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kooru)</font> 3 tr <br> take up or dip into a liquid with, or as if with, a scoop or the hand<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNiye reNTu kayyile kooriyeTuttu mohatte kazuvinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She scooped up some water and washed her face</font><br> 1) (aLLi eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(aLLi eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> gather or collect swiftly; grab up<br> <br> <font size=+1>pande aLLi eTuttuTTu ooTTampiTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He scooped up the ball and took off with it</font><br> 1) (koori eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scoot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nahar)</font> 2 intr <br> change location from one place to another usu. only slightly; scooch over<br> , <br> <font size=+1>niinga konjam nahandukkoonga, naan inda eTatte perukkiTreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Please scoot over a bit and let me sweep the floor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scorch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiyi)</font> 6b tr <br> burn around the edges; burn slightly; become burnt or cause to become burnt on the surface or edges<br> <br> <font size=+1>paale adiha neeram suTaveccadaale tiiynjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk got scorched because I heated it too long</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become scorched or singed, partially char<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>vaNNaan en caTTe maTi senjappa konjam tiinju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>my shirt got scorched while the washerman was ironing it</font><br> 1) (kari) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(posukku)</font> 3 tr <br> shrivel or parch with intense heat<br> !<br> <font size=+1>vaazeyeleye vaaTTacconnaa ade posukkiiTTiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>You were told to parch the banana leaf and you've gone and scorched it instead!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(posungi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> shrivel or parch with intense heat<br> <br> <font size=+1>posungina vaazeyeleye obayoohikka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We can't use the scorched banana leaf</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(veyil koLuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> burn from intense sunlight; be unbearably hot<br> , <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki engeyum poohaveeNTaam; veyil koLutturadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't go anywhere today; the sun is scorching hot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scorched, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> be singed or charred; be burned at the edges; be partially burned<br> <br> <font size=+1>neruppule ennooTe pustahamellaam karuhipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All my books got scorched in the fire.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>score</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 6 intr <br> gain (points) in a course of study; rack up points, grades, marks<br> ?? , ???<br> <font size=+1>kaNakkule toNNuuttombadu sadavihidam eTuttu, ???</font><br> <font size=+1>She scored ninety nine percent in math and ???[came in first?]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> mark the surface of (a roast) with narrow, usu. parallel cuts<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Score the ham and then stud it with cloves</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> evaluate and assign a grade to; grade (papers, exams, etc.)<br> <font size=+1>In India, when you take an exam, someone other than your teacher scores it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuriyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> mark with lines or notches esp. in order to keep a record<br> <font size=+1>They scored the wood before cutting it along that line</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccu viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> cross out; cancel or eliminate by, or as if drawing a line or lines through<br> <br> <font size=+1>varaadavunga peere aTiccu viTa sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked us to score out the names of those who were not present</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(peru)</font> 4 intr <br> achieve, win; get the highest marks<br> <br> <font size=+1>modal madippeN vaangina maaNavi en akkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The student who scored the most points is my sister</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scorn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izivaa naTattu)</font> 3 intr <br> consider or treat as contemptible or unworthy; look down on; reject, spurn, freeze out, pooh-pooh, disdain, turn down<br> <br> <font size=+1>nirubar avare romba izivaa naTattinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The reporters scorned him [after the scandal]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ehazndu peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> express contempt; scoff; speak disparagingly of; disparage<br> <font size=+1>I tried to make a suggestion, but they all scorned it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scotch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nirutti vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put an abrupt end to; thwart, spoil, foil, cross, frustrate, baffle, scrap, ditch<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The project was scotched for lack of funds</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scour</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeccu kazuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> cleanse or polish by scrubbing vigorously<br> <br> <font size=+1>ciiniccaTTiye teeccu kazuva okkaandaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She sat down to scour the wok</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> range about an area, esp. in a search; subject to a thorough search; search, comb, hunt through, rummage through, go through with a fine-tooth comb, root through, rake through, leave no stone unturne<br> <br> <font size=+1>uur puuraavum teeTippaattaaccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>They scoured the entire town looking for the lost child</font><br> 1) (tuzaavi teeTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLakku)</font> 3 tr <br> scrub s.t. in order to clean or polish it; rub, wash, cleanse, wipe; polish, buff (up), shine, burnish; abrade<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattratte nallaa veLakki teeykkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to scrub and scour out the vessel thoroughly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kazuvi suttamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove grease or soil from by means of a scouring powder or pad, or by rubbing<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattratte kazuvi suttamaakku</font><br> <font size=+1>Scour out the pan before using it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scout</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veevu paar)</font> 6 intr <br> watch or explore carefully in order to obtain information, as about a military enemy: reconnoiter<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> 1) (oLavari) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> search through an area to seek out resources etc.; look around for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>verahe teeTi alenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He scouted around for firewood</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scout (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> seek out resources or persons to use for a certain purpose; observe and evaluate (a talented person) for a possible position or role<br> <br> <font size=+1>??pudu mohatte teeTi uuruuraa sutti alenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They went from pillar to post scouting out a new candidate</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scowl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suLi)</font> 6b intr <br> frown, express anger, displeasure or dislike by features, words; glare, grimace, lour, look daggers at, give s.o. a black look; make a face, pull a face, turn the corner's of o's mouth down, pout<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ennooTa varumbaTi naan kuuppiTTadukku ava een ippaTi mohatte suLikkraa?</font><br> <font size=+1>I do not know why she scowled like that when I asked her to come along with me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puruvatte nericcu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> frown at; look disapprovingly at<br> , <br> <font size=+1>en yoosaneye keeTTu avar oNNum sollale, aanaa nereyataTave puruvatte nericci nericci paattaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He didn't say anything about my idea, but he scowled a lot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uruTTippaaru)</font> 6 intr <br> look angrily or menacingly, glower, glare; frown; glare, grimace, lour, look daggers at, give s.o. a black look; make a face, pull a face, turn the corner's of o's mouth down, pout<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>anda poNNu tannooTa kaNNe appiTi uruTTi paakkaraaLee. enna kaaraNam?</font><br> <font size=+1>why is that woman scowling at you like that?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(moham karu)</font> 6 intr <br> express anger by a look; look angrily at s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane paattadum avar moham karuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He scowled when he saw him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(siTumuunjiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> look at s.o. in a threatening or angry manner<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avar eppoodum siTumuunjiyaa irukkradunaale, ade patti gavalepaTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>He always scowls at people, so don't worry about it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(mohatte suLi)</font> 6b intr <br> express displeasure<br> <br> <font size=+1>mohatte suLikkaama badil sollaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Answer him without scowling at him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrabble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuzaavu)</font> 3 tr <br> scratch or grope about frantically with the hands, fingers, or feet to find, collect or hold on to s.t.<br> ?? ( ) <br> <font size=+1>??kaylerundu vizunda moodiratte padaTTattoTu teeTippaattaaru (or) tuzaavinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He scrabbled about, looking for the ring that had slipped through his fingers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> ascend with scrambling disorderly haste<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazettaNNilerundu tappradukkaaha puucciyellaam avasara avasaramaa paare meele eericcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The insects scrabbled their way up the rock to escape from the water</font><br> 1) (tottiyeeru) 3 intr<br> 2) (piTicceeru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scramble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizundaTiccu ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> take off as fast as possible in response to an attack; move quickly but clumsily to avoid danger; compete in an active, hurried, or disorganized way to accomplish s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>puuneye paattadum eliyellaam vizundaTiccu ooTippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mice scrambled to safety as soon as they spotted the cat</font><br> 1) (totti eeru) 3 intr<br> 2) (avasarappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((muTTeye) pori)</font> 6b tr <br> cook eggs by stirring while frying<br> <br> <font size=+1>muTTeye poriccu kuTungaLeen</font><br> <font size=+1>How about scrambling an egg for me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vizundaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> scuffle or struggle for s.t.; fall all over o.s. to accomplish s.t.; fight tooth and nail to achieve s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>prayaaNihaLellaam vizundaTiccu rayille eerinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The passengers scrambled into the train</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(avasarappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> rush to get s.t. done or ready; hustle o's bustle<br> <br> <font size=+1>Treene piTikkaNumNaa avasarappaTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We'll have to scramble if we want to make that train.</font><br> 1) (taarumaaraa seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> (electronics) distort or garble a signal in order to make it unintelligible without a special receiver<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The president uses a phone which automatically scrambles all his conversations</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> abandon or discard as worthless; junk, ditch, deep-six<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They had to scrap the project for lack of funds</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> succeed or manage with difficulty; scrimp and save to get by<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>My parents scraped and saved all their lives</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uraasu)</font> 3 intr <br> injure the surface or by rubbing against s.t. rough or sharp<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I scraped my knee</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruvu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove as by grating<br> <br> <font size=+1>teengaaye tiruvi</font><br> <font size=+1>Scrape out the coconut</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrape (out/off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soraNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> scratch off, scrape out or off; erase; clean, smooth or abrade by rubbing with a sharp or rough instrument<br> <br> <font size=+1>taccan anda marattuuLe soraNTi eTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The carpenter scraped off the sawdust with the help of a knife</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrape off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orasiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> scratch off (skin, etc.), skin s.t.; clean away by scraping, abrading<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ennooTa kaalule paTTa kaayatte nallaa orasiviTTen</font><br> <font size=+1>I scraped off the wound on my leg</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrape out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> take away or remove s.t. from the interior of s.t.; hollow out<br> <br> <font size=+1>puusaNikkaaylerundu vitte eTuttuTTu ade tuNTu tuNTaa veTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Scrape out the seeds from the pumpkin before dicing it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrape together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> collect with effort; gather with difficulty; scrape up<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppaTiyoo uruTTi teraTTi aayiram ruuvaa kuuTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They managed to scrape together a thousand rupees</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> combine, join, merge<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu varushamaa kashTappaTTu inda paNatte seetteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I worked hard for two years and scraped together this amount of money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scratch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiru)</font> 3 tr <br> carve; cut, dig, abrade<br> <br> <font size=+1>nahattaale ava enna kiiriTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She scratched me with her fingernails</font><br> 1) (kiiri viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keLaru)</font> 3 tr <br> dig with quick, light movements, as with the nails<br> <br> <font size=+1>koozi maNNekkeLari puucciye kottiyeTuttu saappiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hen scratched about looking for something to eat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(praaNTu)</font> 3 intr <br> use the nails or claws to dig or scrape at<br> <br> <font size=+1>puune enne praaNTiiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cat scratched me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sori)</font> 2b tr <br> rub or scrape (the skin) to alleviate itching<br> <br> <font size=+1>puNNe soriyaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't scratch the sore</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scratch (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B>?? <br> work hard to make a living; scrimp, scrape (by)<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They just scratch out a living from this unproductive land</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scratch out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooTu kizi)</font> draw a line through; cross out, score out<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> dig out, as with fingers or claws; extract with sharp instruments<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNe piTungi eTuppeenNu meraTTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She threatened to scratch her eyes out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scratch the surface</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> make a faint impression; make a beginning but fail to make much progress; be inadequate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The work that's been done on that has only begun to scratch the surface; there's much more work to be done.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrawl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kirukku)</font> 3 intr <br> write quickly and often illegibly; scribble, scratch<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi kirukkiyezudinaa yaaraaleyum paTikka muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody can read your handwriting when you scrawl</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scream</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattippeesu)</font> 3 intr <br> speak s.t. loudly and boldly<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>een ippaTi kattippeesuree? naan seviTan ille; meduvaa sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you scream at me? I am not a deaf person. You can tell me in a low voice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> screech, cry out; yell; utter cries, howls, screams<br> <br> <font size=+1>uusi pooTTa odane valiyle naan kattineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I screamed in pain as soon as I was given the injection</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(viiriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make a loud piercing sound, squeal, squawk<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande vali taangamuTiyaama viiriTTazudadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child screamed in pain</font><br> 1) (viil viilNu kattu) 3 intr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> 3) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(alaru)</font> 3 intr <br> produce a loud, piercing cry<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTane paattadum alara toTanginaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She started screaming when she saw the burglar</font><br> 1) (kadaru) 3 intr<br> 2) (kattu) 3 intr<br> 3) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> 4) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLLuNNu vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> speak in an angry, hysterical manner; attack with loud cries<br> <br> <font size=+1>nedaanamaa peesaama ellaarTTeyum vaLLuNNudaan vizuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of talking to people, he screams at them</font><br> 1) (kaaccumuucceNNu kattu) 3 intr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>screech</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ahavu)</font> tr <br> call, as a peacock; cry<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava mayil poola ahavinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She screeched like a peacock.</font><br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 3) (sattam pooTu) 5) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiriicciTu)</font> 4 intr <br> scream in a shrill, strident voice<br> <br> <font size=+1>parunde paattadum matta kuruvihaLellaam kiicciTukkatta toTangiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The other birds started screeching when they saw the kite</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>screen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraanju paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> examine carefully in order to determine suitability; triage; vet<br> [??] <br> <font size=+1>[??] nallaa paattu teendeTTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Candidates were screened carefully to eliminate...??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azi pooTTu piriccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> separate by means of a sieve or screen; install screens in window openings<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They screened off the porch</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 2b intr <br> conceal from view; hide behind a screen, curtain, wall etc.; protect, guard or shield<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu marenjirundadunaale yaar kaNNleeyum ahappaTalle</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it was screened from view, nobody saw it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((terayle) kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> show or project on a screen; show or schedule a showing of (a movie)<br> <br> <font size=+1>puduppaTatte naaLekki kaaTTappooraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They're going to screen the new movie tomorrow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>screen (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terepooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> provide with a curtain; cover with a veil; draw the curtain forward<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyille terapooTradukku munnaaTi saamiye paattuTTu vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Come and see the deity in the temple before they screen him off</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>screw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> turn or twist; install<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide tiruhi viTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Screw this in</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten, attach, or tighten by, or as if by means of a screw; bolt down or in<br> <br> <font size=+1>palahaye sovattile maaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Screw the plank to the wall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(irukkku)</font> 3 tr <br> turn or tighten (a screw)<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruhaaNiye irukkiviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Screw the door tight</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>screw up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varavaze)</font> 6b intr <br> summon up, as o's courage; bring together<br> ?? ??<br> <font size=+1>??tayriyatte varavazeccu, [??] kaTTaTattukkuLLe nozenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He screwed up his courage and entered the dark building</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mohatte suLi)</font> 6b intr <br> wrinkle o's face; make an unpleasant face or expression; express disgust or dislike with facial expression<br> <br> <font size=+1>naattam porukkamuTiyaama mohatte suLiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She screwed up her face at the smell</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ?? ?</B> <font size=+1>(tavaru cey?? tappaaka cey?)</font> botch; make a mess of an undertaking; carry out (a task) badly or carelessly; bungle; do badly; mismanage, mishandle, (inf.) mess up, make a hash of, muff, fluff, foul up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??ennaTaaNNaa, romba tappaa senjiTTiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Boy, you really screwed up on this one!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scribble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kirukki taLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> cover with scribbles, doodles, or meaningless notations; doodle<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He spent the entire meeting scribbling</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kirukki ezudu)</font> 3 intr <br> write quickly without regard for legibility or style; jot down<br> <br> <font size=+1>kirukki ezudinaa yaarukkumee puriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you scribble [like that] nobody will be able to understand anything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrimp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> economize radically; be thrifty or parsimonious; skimp, save; be thrifty, be frugal, tighten o's belt, cut back, husband o's resources, draw in o's horns, watch o's pennies<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu maasamaa veele illaadadanaale romba sikkanamaa irukkaveeNTiyadaa irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He had to scrimp and save because he had been laid off for two months</font><br> 1) (kanjanaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrounge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNTippoze)</font> 6 intr <br> live by imposing on another's friendship, generosity, etc.; lead the life of a hanger-on; (inf.) bum off s.o.; forage, cadge<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLooTe peruntanmeyle aNTippozekkaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He scrounges around, living off of her generosity.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> forage about in an effort to acquire s.t. at no cost; obtain by unorthodox means; obtain or gather by foraging or scavenging; make use of things discarded by others; obtain (things) illicitly or by ca<br> <br> <font size=+1>oossiyle keTekkumaaNNu paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to scrounge some stuff without paying for it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrub</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tolakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make brighter by cleaning, rubbing, scouring, or scrubbing<br> !<br> <font size=+1>tareye nallaa tolakku!</font><br> <font size=+1>Scrub the floors well!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> rub or press with friction; abrade, graze, rub against, scrape, scratch, chafe, rub raw, skin, excoriate, rasp, bark<br> <br> <font size=+1>azukku pooramaadiri oTambe nallaa teeyccukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>When bathing, scrub your body well to get the dirt off</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teeyttu kazuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> rub hard in order to clean; remove by hard rubbing<br> <br> <font size=+1>??paattiratte teeccu kazuvinaa daan paLapaLappaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Only if you scrub the vessel well will it get nice and shiny</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrunch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasangu)</font> 3 intr <br> crush or crunch; compress or squeeze into a shapeless mass<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>My hat got all scrunched up from being at the bottom of my bag</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scrutinize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraanju paaru)</font> 6b tr <br> examine closely<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The document will be scrutinized for signs of forgery</font><br> 1) (uttu kavani) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scuff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaale izuttu naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> shuffle, walk without raising the feet; drag (o's feet) when walking; scrape or brush the surface of (a shoe or other object) against s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi kaale izuttu naTandaa seruppu teenjuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Your shoes will wear out fast if you scuff your feet constantly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scuffle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTe iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fight, pick a fight, get into trouble; rough house; struggle, tussle, brawl, fracas, free-for-all, rough and tumble, scrimmage, roughhouse<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>avan oru amaidiyaana kozande ille; ellaarooTeyum saNTe iTuvaan </font><br> <font size=+1>He is not a peaceful child; he scuffles with everyone.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sculpt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sirpaveele seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> carve, usu. in wood or stone; do or create carved objects, statues. or sculptures<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa ooyvu neerattule sirpaveele seyyaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sculpts in his spare time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scurry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> move quickly towards, esp. out of fear or anxiety; rush quickly, usu. with small steps<br> <br> <font size=+1>suNTeli puuneTTeerundu tappradukkaaha tan pondukkuLLe ooTippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mouse scurried to its burrow to escape from the cat</font><br> 1) (kurunaTe ooTTamiTu) 4 intr<br> 2) (avasaramaa ooTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scuttle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLubaTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b tr <br> abandon a plan or a project; eliminate or make impossible s.t. hoped for, planned, or already in existence; sink o's own ship deliberately<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirpaaraama paNa nerukkaTi vandadanaale tiTTatte taLLubaTi senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They had to scuttle the project for lack of funds</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toorampooTTu muuzhaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> make holes in the hull of a boat or ship, esp. to sink it; cause to sink by attacks by torpedoes, mines, etc. esp. during wartime<br> <br> <font size=+1>rebekkaangra kadeyle maaks tan maneviye koNNupooTTu ava oTale paTahule eetti ade naTukkaTalle selutti, adile tooram pooTTu muuzhaTiccuTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>In the novel "Rebecca" Max kills his wife, puts her body on the boat and scuttles the boat with her body in it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>scuttle (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappi ooTu)</font> 3b intr <br> run or move in a hurry, as from danger or trouble; run hurriedly or furtively with short quick steps<br> <br> <font size=+1>parunde paattadum naNTuhaLellaam tappiyooTi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The crabs scuttled away when they saw the hawk</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> fill up a hole; secure , shut , close up; paste<br> <br> <font size=+1>eli uLLe varaamalirukkradukkaaha oTTeyeyellaam simiNTu pooTTu aTeccuTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We sealed up the holes with cement to keep the rats from coming in</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muttire iTu)</font> 4 intr <br> affix a seal so as to prove authenticity, or for protection<br> <br> <font size=+1>??raajaa pattirattule muttire iTukkradu vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>Letters from kings used to be sealed with wax</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten with adhesive, as an envelope; paste, close<br> , ??<br> <font size=+1>kuuTe oTTradukku munnaale, ??</font><br> <font size=+1>Before sealing the envelope, insert the letter</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pori)</font> 6b intr <br> affix a seal to attest to a standard, as of accuracy, legal weight, or quality<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>An official document usually is sealed with some kind of raised emblem, which can't be duplicated</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> close with or as if with a seal; close hermetically<br> <br> <font size=+1>puTTiye kaattuppaTaama muuTiviTaccollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Ask him to seal the bottle so that it's airtight</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> become fixed irrevocably in memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paatta anda bayangramaana kaaTci avan manasule padinjirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The memory of that terrible incident was indelibly seared in his mind</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become scorched<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It got seared by the intense heat of that hot wire</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make withered or dried up: shrivel<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a searing hot day, and all the flowers dried up and shriveled away</font><br> 1) (vaaTTu) 3 tr<br> 2) (karuhippoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> scorch, char, or burn the surface of with or as if with s.t. hot<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Sear the meat first in a pan with no oil</font><br> 1) (eri) 6b tr<br> 2) (tiiy) ?<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>search</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> go on a quest; seek out<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu naaTuhaLe naaTi porappaTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The explorers set out to search for new lands to conquer</font><br> 1) (naaTittiri) 6b intr<br> 2) (teeTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraanju paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> make a complete check of: scrutinize; look high and low; conduct a thorough search<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa pattiratteyum nallaa aaraanju paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I searched through all the documents</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teeTu)</font> 3 tr <br> try very hard to find s.t. or s.o. by looking<br> <br> <font size=+1>talemarevaaha irukkra aasaamiye pooliisaar teeTikkiTTirukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police are searching for the man who disappeared</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tozaavu)</font> 3 intr <br> look for s.t. by rooting around; examine thoroughly in order to find s,t.; look through, hunt through, rummage through, forage through, rifle through, scour, ransack, comb, go through with a fine-toot<br> <br> <font size=+1>payyi muzusum tozaavippaattaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I've searched my bag thoroughly</font><br> 1) (parisoodane seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> examine s.o. for contraband or hidden weapons by groping or patting down<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaLe taTavi paattu, ...?</font><br> <font size=+1>After searching everyone, they let the plane depart</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(soodane pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> conduct a complete investigation<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis kaaranga aayudangaLe teeTi ellaa viiTTeyum soodane pooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police searched all the houses for weapons</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(soodane iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> examine s.o. for hidden weapons, contraband<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLeyellaam soodaneyiTTu uLLe anumadiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were allowed to enter after being searched</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>search for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look through s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??anda vishayatte pattiriheyle paattu, oNNum keTekkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I searched for that item in the newspaper, but couldn't find it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>season</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkuvappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become usable, competent or tempered; be experienced<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He's a seasoned researcher </font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taaLi)</font> 6 intr <br> enhance the flavor of by adding salt, spices, herbs or other flavoring<br> <br> <font size=+1>paruppu vendadum ade taaLikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as they are cooked, season the lentils</font><br> 1) (suveyuuTTu) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(soveyuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> add interest or zest to; pepper with anecdotes. etc. ; salt with<br> <br> <font size=+1>eTeyeTeye vanda haasiyanga avan peecce soveyuuTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>He seasoned his speech with anecdotes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkuvappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> dry until it is usable; cure<br> <br> <font size=+1>uurukaaye veyille kaaya veccu pakkuvappaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The pickles should be seasoned by setting them out in the sun</font><br> 1) (keTaama padappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> remain seated; be in a sitting position<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naarkaaliile amandirundade paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I saw him seated on the chair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> place in or on a seat; set s.o. down in a chair, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??kozandeye inda naakkaaliyle iruttu</font><br> <font size=+1>Seat the child on this chair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(okkaaravayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause or assist to sit down; place in a sitting position<br> <br> <font size=+1>vandavangaLeyellaam paayile okkaaravaccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>All the people who came we seated on mats</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fix firmly in place; arrange a firm foundation for s.t.; locate in a fixed place<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuuNe inda pakkam naaTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Make sure that the pillar is firmly seated here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seated, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(okkaaru)</font> 2 intr <br> sit down<br> <br> <font size=+1>okkaarunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please be seated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>secede</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> withdraw formally from membership in an association, organization, or alliance, esp. a political one; quit; drop out<br> <br> <font size=+1>kacciyilerundu avanga pirinju poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They seceded from the party</font><br> 1) (vilahu) 1 intr<br> 2) (viTTupoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seclude</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mareccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> screen from view, hide; keep (a person) sequestered or shut up in order to prevent access or influence from outside<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The building was secluded from view by the trees growing in front of it</font><br> 1) (oLiccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taniccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set apart or remove from others: isolate, sequester, lock up, keep away from<br> <br> <font size=+1>sela eTangaLle pombiLLehaLe yaarTTeyum pazahaadabaTi taniccu vekkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In many countries women are still secluded from public life</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>secluded, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odungi iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be isolated; withdraw to a place of seclusion; shut o.s. away<br> <br> <font size=+1>??avan yaarkiTTeyum pazaha virumbaama odungi iruntaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He didn't want to be with anybody, and secluded himself</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>second</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadaravu kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> promote or encourage; reinforce; back, endorse, support<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I second you in this project; it's a good idea and should be carried out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aamoodi)</font> 6b tr <br> endorse (a notion or nomination) so that (under Robert's Rules of Order) discussion or a vote can take place<br> <br> <font size=+1>??avane kaTciyle seeekkum eTTatte aamoodiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>??They seconded him to be a member of the party's inner circle(?)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>secrete</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> conceal in a hiding place; hide; put away in a secret location<br> <br> <font size=+1>mareveTattule padukki veccadaa teriyradu</font><br> <font size=+1>They appeared to have secreted something where no one could find it</font><br> 1) (padukku) 3 tr<br> 2) (oLiccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padukkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be concealed in a hiding place; be hidden, stashed away<br> [...]<br> <font size=+1>sereccaaleyile aayudangaLum padukkappaTTirundadaaha tahaval keTeccadum [...]</font><br> <font size=+1>When (the authorities) heard that weapons had also been secreted in the prison.[they launched an official enquiry]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(surakka seyyi)</font> 2b tr <br> produce and separate out (a substance) from cells or bodily fluids<br> <br> <font size=+1>rabbar marattule oru kiiral pooTTu paale sorakka seyvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They make a slit on the bark of rubber trees to get them to secrete the sap</font><br> 1) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>section off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pahudingaLaa piri)</font> 6b tr <br> divide into parts; segment, separate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to section off these parts from the other, older ones</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sectionalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(attiyaayangaLaa piri)</font> 6b tr <br> divide into chapters, sections, sectors; establish subdivisions in<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pustahatte eTTu aattiyaayangaLaa pirikkapooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to sectionalize this book and divide it into eight chapters</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>secure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> gain s.o.'s affection, confidence, trust; lull s.o. into a state of false security; "con" s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe vasappaTutti avaTTeyirunda naheyeyellaam eTuttuTTu pooyTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as he had secured her confidence, he robbed her of her jewelry</font><br> 1) (kaivacam paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make a pledge on (e.g. a loan) by offering collateral; put up a certain amount of money for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??naheye iiTu vaccu paNam vaanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They borrowed money by offering collateral to secure the loan.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(irukka kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make tight or firm; fasten; batten, batten down, fix<br> <br> <font size=+1>marattooTu paTahe irukka kaTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They secured the boat to the tree</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pattirappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> guard from danger, harm, or risk of loss; make safe<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to secure our defenses, because we are vulnerable to acts of terrorism</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> gain possession of: acquire<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Finally we were able to get title to the land and secure it for his use</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sedate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuunga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> administer a sedative in order to make s.o. unconscious; put s.o. out or under<br> <br> <font size=+1>pulikki mayakkamarundu kuTuttu tuungaveccadukkappuramdaan miruha vayttiyar ade aNuhinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The vet approached the tiger only after sedating it with a tranquillizer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(amedippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> administer a sedative to in order to calm s.o. down<br> <br> <font size=+1>mayakka marundu kuTuttu amedippaTuttinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>They had to sedate him in order to get him to calm down</font><br> 1) (saandappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seduce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaarcci seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> entice by attraction; win over to o's side, woo<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinimaakaaranga ellaareyum kavarcci senjuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The cinema people have seduced them all</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> beguile or entice into a desired state; sweet talk s.o.; lead s.o. down the garden path<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peeccekkeeTTu mayangi avanukku paNam kuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was seduced by his talk and gave him the money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi (neri) tavaracceyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> draw (one) away from duty or proper conduct; corrupt<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? paNattaase avane neri tavara senjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was seduced into evil ways by his desire for wealth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kavandu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> win over: attract; entice; attract s.o. to a belief or into a course of action that is inadvisable or foolhardy; lead astray, corrupt<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Shoppers are seduced into buying things that they cannot afford</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(siirazi)</font> 6b tr <br> induce to have sexual intercourse; lead s.o. astray, down the garden path<br> <br> <font size=+1>??vele osanda nahehaLe kuTuttu avaLe vanjiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He seduced her with expensive jewelry</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakku)</font> 3 tr <br> beguile or entice into a desired position or state; delude<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They seduced him away from his family by offers of a good job</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>see</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look at or upon, view, regard, observe<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tenamum reNTu sinimaa paakkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>every day I see a couple of movies</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poola iru)</font> 7 intr <br> understand, comprehend; get or have the impression that (such and such)<br> ... <br> <font size=+1>?? ...poola irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I see that you are running for president</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(karudu)</font> 3 tr <br> regard, judge, esteem; consider in a particular way; predict<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't see him as a brilliant scholar</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(oNattu)</font> 3 tr <br> realize; come to understand; become fully aware or cognizant of; face the fact that; bring s.t. home to s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The accident made me see that I had been careless</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b intr <br> have the power of sight<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaakku kaN teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>My father can't see very well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b intr <br> be visible, discernible; appear; be perceived; be perceptible<br> <br> <font size=+1>duurattule oru kappal terinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>One could see a ship in the distance</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNukku eTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be visible to the eye<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNukku eTTina maTTum kaTal daan irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>There was ocean as far as the eye could see (as far as one could see)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> perceive or observe s.t. with the eye<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vizundade paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I saw him fall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(gavani)</font> 6b tr <br> notice, pay attention to; watch<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vizundade gavanikkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't see him fall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> watch; participate in the spectatorship of; observe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kambakkaTTe paakkappoonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We went to see the fireworks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(oNaru)</font> 1 intr <br> realize, perceive; observe<br> .. <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I saw that he was beginning to tire</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(veLangu)</font> 3 intr <br> understand, comprehend; get the picture<br> <br> <font size=+1>??ippa taan viTukade enakku purinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm just beginning to see the point of the riddle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(paakkappoo)</font> 3b intr <br> visit socially or for consultation; have an official appointment or rendezvous with s.o.; meet or be in the company of<br> <br> <font size=+1>{\d d}aakTare paakka pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going to see the doctor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b intr 3pn+dat <br> have the power of sight<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku nallaa teriyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can see very well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(15) </B> <font size=+1>(aaloosane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> think over, consider, ponder; weigh in the balance<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>??enda paTattukku poohalaamNNu aaloosipoomaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Let's see, what movie shall we go see? Let's think it over.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(16) </B> <font size=+1>(oravaaTu)</font> socialize together often or regularly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We see each other almost every weekend.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(17) </B> <font size=+1>(pooy paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> find out, ascertain; determine, discover; look into<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>sattam ennaNu pooy paakkalaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you (go and) see what the noise is about?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(18) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> foresee; imagine; anticipate, envision, visualize<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ippaTi seyvaanNNu edirpaakkavee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't see him doing such a thing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(19) </B> <font size=+1>(anubavi)</font> know through firsthand experience, undergo; experience<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He has seen it all</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(20) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaNu)</font> 5 tr <br> be characterized by or bring forth<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I'd like to (be able to) see results</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(21) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> believe possible, imagine; predict, foresee<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? avan mandiri padavi vahippaanNNu tooNalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't see him becoming president</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(22) </B> <font size=+1>(karpane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> have a mental image of: visualize, envision; imagine; think back to<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? pattu varushattuku munnaale irundadu poola karpane senju paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to see the town as it used to be 10 years ago</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(23) </B> <font size=+1>(puri)</font> 2b intr <br> understand, comprehend, get<br> <br> <font size=+1>miraTTra toniyle een peesareeNu puriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't see why you should use such a threatening tone of voice</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>see (to it that)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkoo)</font> 1 intr <br> make sure of s.t.; check, insure, ensure, control, ascertain, assure<br> <br> <font size=+1>tinga kezemekkuLLa inda veele muTikkaNumNu paattukkoonga</font><br> <font size=+1>See to it that the work is completed by Monday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>see about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> attend to s.t.; wait for further developments of s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We'll see about that!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>see as</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karudu)</font> ?? <br> consider; hold the opinion that; view as<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Most people see his actions as dangerous</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>see off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> be with s.o. as they begin a jouney; dispatch, send off<br> <br> <font size=+1>vazi anuppuradukkaaha sTeeshanukku pooyirundoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We went to the railroad station to see them off</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> make sure that s.o. leaves the property; escort s.o. to a particular point; usher s.o. out<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>See them off the premises</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>see s.o. through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poodu)</font> help last; extend; last until<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This money should see you through the end of the week</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>see through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terindu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> perceive or understand the real character or nature of s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sonnadellaam poyyNNu terinjukiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I saw through his lies</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>see to (s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> attend to, take care or charge of; take under o's wing<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll see to the visitors when they arrive</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>see to (s.t. that)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavani)</font> 3b tr <br> make certain that (certain actions are carried out, etc.); make sure of s.t.; check, insure, ensure, control, ascertain, assure<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>See to it that he is reimbursed for his work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>see, wait and</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paarkkalaam)</font> 6 trr <br> wait and decide later; see how things turn out; weigh and consider<br> , <br> <font size=+1>poonaalum poohalaam, aanaa paakkalaam.</font><br> <font size=+1>We probably will go, but we'll have to see</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seek</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> aspire, aim for<br> <br> <font size=+1>kashTamaana kaalattule nalla naNbarooTa odaviye naaTadule tappu oNNum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is nothing wrong in seeking the help of a good friend when one is facing real problems in life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> ask for: request; beg humbly; beseech<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? pooppaaNTavare tarisanam seyya veeNTikiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He sought an audience with the pope</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraanju paaru,)</font> 6 intr <br> make a search or investigation; search extensively or desperately<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>they were seeking clues</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu)</font> ask for, request<br> [...]<br> <font size=+1>tanjam teeTi vaara ahadihaLe tanga vekkredukkaaha, [...]</font><br> <font size=+1>In order to house those seeking refuge, tents are being erected</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> try to obtain or reach; attempting to establish<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The army, seeking control of the region, brought in more settlers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> try to find or discover: search for<br> [,,,]<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The senators claimed that they were seeking the truth, not trying to discredit the President</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(moyarcci seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> try: endeavor; make an attempt at; make a stab at<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNmeye kaNTupiTikka moyarci seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Seek to find the truth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) ??</B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi??)</font> ?? <br> go to or toward<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Water seeks it own level</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seem</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> appear to be the case or to be true; come into being or notice; look like<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa naaLekki enne paakka inge varuvaanga appaTiNNu enakku tooNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It seems my mother will be coming here tomorrow to see me</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b intr <br> appear on the surface; have the outward appearance of; look as if<br> <br> <font size=+1>paakka saaduvaa teriyradu</font><br> <font size=+1>He seems (to be) a gentle person</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> appear to exist<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It seems to be the case that life may exist on other planets</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> give the impression of being; appear<br> [..] <br> <font size=+1>?? tooNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He seems to be in a bad mood</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(5) ??</B> <font size=+1>(kaaNappaTu??)</font> appear to be evident; appear to be the case<br> ??`<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It seems that those scientists faked their results</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b intr <br> appear to o's own opinion or intellect; give the impression of<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan sonnade gavaniccadaa teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He doesn't seem to have heard me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seep</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasi)</font> 2b intr <br> pass slowly through small openings or pores; ooze, drip, trickle<br> <br> <font size=+1>marattilirundu soTTu soTTaa paal kasinju vizunduTTirundu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sap seeped through the bark and dripped down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ozuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> leak; enter, leave or become diffused gradually<br> , [...]?<br> <font size=+1>Teenkarlerundu ozuhiTTirunda eNNeye piTiccuTTu, [...]?</font><br> <font size=+1>After collecting the oil that was seeping from the tanker, they set it on fire</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seethe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kondaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> be inwardly agitated; rise up or roil like the sea; be turbulent as if boiling; churn and bubble while or as if while boiling; move in a confused way<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan koovattule kondaLiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was seething with anger</font><br> 1) (puzungu) 3 intr<br> 2) (pohe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kumuru)</font> 3 intr <br> be violently agitated or excited; feel inwardly heated, as with anger<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa koobatte yaarkiTTeyum sollaama, uLLeeyee vaccikkiTTu kumurikkiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was seething with anger, but nobody realized it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>segregate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niikki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set apart or isolate from others or from a central body or group<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLe taniyee piriccu vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were separated off and segregated from [contact with] others.</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> impose the separation of (a race or class) from the rest of a people<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaalattule aadi draaviTa makkaLe odukki vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the old days, "untouchables" were segregated from others.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> become separated from a central body or group<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In the crush of the crowd, they got separated and in fact segregated from the main group</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6b tr <br> snatch away; extort, get s.t. by force, fraud, threats, etc.; grasp or seize suddenly and roughly; take hold of, grip, clasp, clutch; take<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan paNatte pariccu ooTiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief seized the money and ran away.</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuk koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take or grasp by force or stealth<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa selvatteyellaam paricciTTu, avane sereyile aTeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They seized all his wealth and put him in jail</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paadikkappaTu)</font> overwhelm, affect suddenly, as an emotion<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was seized by remorse at the thought of what he had done</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaippattu)</font> 3 tr <br> take possession of, as the army; grab; establish control over<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The army took possession of/seized a portion of what the LTTE Tigers had brought together.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> grab, take hold of suddenly and forcibly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLooTa kayye piTiccu izuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He seized her hand</font><br> 1) (pattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) j </B> <font size=+1>(japti seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take legal possession of property; foreclose<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If you default on your mortgage, the bank may seize your property</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 3 tr <br> take hold of, grab<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTippooy pande eTuttuTTu ooTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He seized the ball and took off with it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> seize, appropriate; assume or take on as a shape, etc.;<br> , <br> <font size=+1>sasikalaa padukkivaccirunda tanga nahenga ellaatteyum vazakku sammandamaa adihaaringa eTuttukiTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>for the purpose of a court case, the officers seized all the gold jewelry concealed by Mrs.Sasikal</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6b tr <br> take from s.o. suddenly and forcibly; grab, snatch<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava kayyilerundu ade pariccuTTu ooTippoonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They seized the ball from her grasp and took off with it</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(koLLeyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> take forcibly as by robbery; steal; take, appropriate, misappropriate, pilfer, purloin, filch, walk off with, embezzle, pocket, abstract, shoplift; (inf.) pinch, swipe, lift, rip off<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? raattri vandu ellaatteyum koLLeyaTiccuTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They came at night, seized everything could lay their hands on and made their escape</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(abahariccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take forcibly by threat or extortion<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Tamil Tigers often seize children and property and use them for their own needs.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(kaidu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> arrest, take into legal custody; apprehend<br> <br> <font size=+1>?pooliiskaaranga avane kaidu senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police seized him as he was trying to escape</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> grasp with the beak or mouth, as birds or fish<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTaarNNu vandu kottikkiTTu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly it seized the stuff (in its mouth) and disappeared</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) </B> <font size=+1>(purinju koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> comprehend, grasp mentally<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>avan senjadellaam innum purinjukkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He has yet to seize the enormity of his actions</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(15) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> take advantage of<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They seized the moment.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(16) </B> <font size=+1>(moTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> take into legal custody, impound<br> <br> <font size=+1>moTakkappaTTu kaaval nelayattile nerutti vekkapaTumNu eccariccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>??.threatened to seize the vehicles and</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(17) </B> <font size=+1>(kavvu)</font> 3 tr <br> grasp with the mouth, as animals<br> <br> <font size=+1>elumbe kavvikkiTTu naayi ooTipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Seizing the bone, the dog ran away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(18) </B> <font size=+1>(parimudal seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> take into legal custody, confiscate<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliisu pattu leccam madippuLLa paambuttoole parimodal senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police seized snake skins worth ten lakhs of rupees</font><br> 1) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seize by the neck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazutte piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> grab s.o. by the neck or collar<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobattule raamu enne kazutte piTiccu veLiye taLLinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In his rage, Ramu grabbed me by the neck and threw me out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>seize on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTittuk koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> grab ahold of s.t.; take a firm hold of; single s.t. or s.o. out for attack; take s.t. s.o. says to to use in attacking them<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan sonnadayee avan piTiccikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He seized on what I said</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>select</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teendeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> elect; choose; co-opt; pick out from among several;<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avanga talevare innum teendeTTukkaliyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Have they still failed to select the speaker of the assembly?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make a choice or selection; pick<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeNTiya pustahangaLe eTuttukka sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He said to select whatever books were needed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vittu viTu)</font> surrender or give up in exchange for a price or reward<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He sold his soul for a mess of pottage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(velekki kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give up or exchange for money or its equivalent<br> <br> <font size=+1>velekki kuTukkra vazakkam innum eerpaTalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The notion of selling things for a price had not yet developed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(villu)</font> 3c tr <br> offer for sale; give or hand over s.t. in exchange for money; put up for sale, put on sale, dispose of, vend, auction off, trade, barter.<br> , d <br> <font size=+1>kaTeye veeroruvarukku vittuTTu, indyaavukku tirumbi vandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Having sold the store to someone, he returned to India</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(virpane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> attract prospective buyers; be attractive or enticing to customers<br> <br> <font size=+1>vikkradukkaaha kaTattiyirukkalaamNu sandeehikkappaTuradu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is suspected that [the items] were smuggled so that they could be sold [on the black market]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sell (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vittuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> get rid of, put (property) on the market, dispose of<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda sottu onakku raasiyaanadaa ille. adanaale nii ade vittuTratu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>That property is not that useful for you, so you'd do well to sell it off</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sell (s.o. on s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNanga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> convince; persuade (a person) to believe, realize, or agree to s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He sold him on the business plan</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sell cheap(ly)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malivaa villu)</font> 5c tr <br> sell at a low price; sell off; dump<br> <br> <font size=+1>vengaayam muuTTe muuTTeyaa teengi keTekkradunaale malivaa vittuTalaamNu nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the inventory of onions keeps accumulating, I am thinking of selling them off cheaply</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sell off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vittuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> get rid of, dispense with (property); dispose of by selling, usu. at a reduced price<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ippa eTattu vele romba adihama eeriTTadanaale unnooTa eTatte nalla velekki vittuTeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>since real estate values are very high right now why don't you sell off your property for a good price?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sell out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(turookam cey)</font> betray; give over to the enemy; inform on/against, be disloyal/unfaithful to, treat treacherously, break faith with, break o's promise to; (inf.) tell on, double-cross, stab in the back, sell down t<br> <br> <font size=+1>namakku durooham seyvaanNNu nenekkavee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>We never dreamed that he'd sell out to the enemy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>send</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> send; dispatch, forward, mail, post, remit; cause to be conveyed to a destination<br> <br> <font size=+1>en uyirnanban saami enakku kaTudaasi anuppiyirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My best friend Swamy has sent me a letter</font><br> 1) (poohaccollu) 3c tr<br> 2) (anuppi kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> allow or enable to go; pack off, send off<br> <br> <font size=+1>liivu keTaccadum enne paaTTiiTTe anuppi veccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They sent me to to my grandmother's as soon as school was out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> direct or propel with force, drive; cause to go or be taken or delivered to a particular destination; arrange for the delivery of, esp. by mail<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He hit the ball so hard he sent it out of the stadium</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(neleyle aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> put or drive into a particular condition or state<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The news sent him into a rage</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pooha sollu)</font> 3b tr <br> cause to depart, dismiss;<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane poohac collu</font><br> <font size=+1>Send him away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> dispatch, as by a communications medium; dispatch, forward, mail, post, remit<br> <br> <font size=+1>varaccolli ezuttu pooTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I sent him a letter asking him to come</font><br> 1) (anuppu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> direct to go on an errand, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNiye kaTekki anuppineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I sent Mani to the store</font><br> 1) (poohaccollu) 3c tr<br> 2) (anuppi kuTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> give off, e.g. heat; emit<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>That chemical compound sends off an odor that is unmistakable</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>send (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> accompany a distance, go along with; give s.o. a send-off; dispatch<br> - <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNattukkup perahu maappuLLe--poNNe romba nallaa poNNu viiTTukku vaziyanuppi vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>After the marriage ceremony, they gave the newly married couple a grand send off to the bride's residence.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>send away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppuccuTu)</font> get rid of s.o.; send s.o. away; trick s.o. into leaving<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane eppaTiyaavadu anuppuccuTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We've got to get rid of him, somehow or other</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>send for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(solli anuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> ask to come, summon<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaarukku solli anuppaNumNu teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know who I should send for</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sense</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNandu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> detect automatically or subliminally<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Animals can supposedly sense earthquakes before they actually occur</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oNaru)</font> 2 intr <br> realize; become aware of through the senses, perceive; pick up on; get that s.t. is the case<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo pinnaale nikkrade oNandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sensed that someone was standing behind him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(purinju koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> grasp, comprehend; perceive, pick up on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooha tayanguraanNu purinjuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I sensed his reluctance to go</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sentence</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vidi)</font> 6b tr <br> decide (judicially) on the punishment to be inflicted on a convicted person; condemn<br> <br> <font size=+1>koorTTe avamadicca kuttattukkaaha avarukku aaru maasa sere taNTane vidikkappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He was sentenced to six months in prison for contempt of court</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>separate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinjiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> break up, disintegrate, as a relationship<br> <br> <font size=+1>ottupoohaadadunaale naanga reNTu peerum pirinjiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>The two of us separated because we couldn't learn how to get along</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinjuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> break up; separate<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda reNTu kozendengaLum poravuleeyee pirinjuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>These two children became separated at birth.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piricceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> remove, sort out, pick out; abstract<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kuuTeyilerundu nalla pazangaLe piricceTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Please separate out all the good fruits and put them in this basket</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> withdraw, secede; leave; become separate; part company, disperse<br> [...] <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of the schism, the conservatives separated from the mainstream and formed their own party</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> ?? <br> set or keep apart, disunite, disaggregate; scatter; sort<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Separate these into two piles</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(vevveeraakku)</font> 3 tr <br> dicriminate or distinguish between: distinguish<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We don't usually separate these groups by language, but in 1961 they did</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(porukki eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> extract from a mixture or combination: isolate<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? aNTiye maTTum porukki eTukka sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>We were told to separate the nuts from the other things on the table</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> part; remove from the presence of the other; keep apart<br> [...] <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried to separate the two of them, because they'd been fighting constantly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>separate (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccu paaru @(r tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> consider apart from the concrete, abstract away from the concrete<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda vishayattule veeNTaadade taniyaa piricci paakkradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is better to separate out those unwanted things from that matter</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sequester</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odungi iru)</font> 7 intr <br> cause to seclude o.s.; live a life of separateness<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She chose to sequester herself in her room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taniyaa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set apart or remove, segregate, lock up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In Muslim societies, women are often sequestered and live separate lives from men</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>serve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> serve (an item of food); place food in front of people<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku laTTu pooTuNNu appaa ammaakiTTe sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>(My) father asked (my) mother to serve me laddoo.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> meet the needs or requirements of: satisfy; be sufficient<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??inimee inda cinna vaNTi namakku tahudiyaa irukkumNNu nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think this smaller car will serve our purposes from now on</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toNTu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> supply goods and services to; meet the needs of<br> j <br> <font size=+1>??janangaLukku iruvadu varushamaa toNTu seyroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We've been serving the public for 20 years</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(uuziyam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be of assistance and promote the interests of; aid<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Both parties seek to serve the nation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(parimaaru)</font> 3 tr <br> prepare and offer food; set food before s.o., wait on<br> <br> <font size=+1>maankari parumaarappaTTadaaNNu keeTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He wanted to know if venison was served (at the meal)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>serve (food)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sooru pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> serve meal; distribute or provide with meal<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezaingaLukku avan eppoodum sooru pooTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He always serves [feeds] the poor people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>serve s.o. right</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~X-~ </B> <font size=+1>(@X-@ukku nallaa veeNum)</font> def. <br> be what s.o. deserves; be fitting, considering previous (usu. unkind or selfish) actions of s.o.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avanukku nallaa veeNum!</font><br> <font size=+1>Serves him right!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>service</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazudu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> carry out repairs after sale (of appliances, machines, etc.); adjust, repair, maintain<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>There's an entire department [just] to service the machinery</font><br> 1) (rippeer paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTe)</font> 6b intr <br> prescribe or establish; fix or arrange in advance; make or establish the standard by which other things are judged<br> <br> <font size=+1>??avaru varalaaru paTeccuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He set a precedent</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(staabi)</font> 6b tr <br> establish as the highest level of performance<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Russia has set a new record for post-perestroika prime ministers.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(astami)</font> 6b intr <br> disappear below the horizon<br> <br> <font size=+1>??suuriyan tekkule astamikkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sun sets in the west</font><br> 1) (mare) </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTiviTu)</font> arouse to hostile action<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Civil war in some cases set brother against brother</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(maadirikaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> establish as a model<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to set a good example</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) ~ - f ~ </B> <font size=+1>(@V-infin@ vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> detail or assign to a particular task<br> <br> <font size=+1>saappiTradukku munnaaleyum avane kaLe piTunga veccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She set him to weed the garden even before he had eaten</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(niccayam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> designate as a time for; fix<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Lets set the date for the wedding</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(suLukkeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> return to a normal and proper state when dislocated or broken, as with a broken bone<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor set the broken bone, but later it had to be redone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put into a secure position: fix; prepare a foundation for s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tuuNe inge naaTTalaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we set the pole here?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put in a designated position, place<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaTihaaratte kazatti meese meele veccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He took off his watch and set it on the table</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 2b tr <br> harden or congeal; become firm; jell<br> <br> <font size=+1>??palahaaratte kuLirpoTTiyle oreyavayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Put the snacks in the icebox to let them set</font><br> 1) (geTTiyaaku) </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungupaTuttu)</font> regulate for proper functioning<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??gaTihaaratte ozungupaTTuttu</font><br> <font size=+1>Set the clock</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(iruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put into a designated state; release<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They set him free after 10 months</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set (fire)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b tr <br> shoot or discharge, as a gun; cause an explosive to go off<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>guNTe veTikkaveccu palapeere koNNadu yaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who set off the explosive and killed so many people?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(patta vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> ignite or cause to catch fire; kindle, as ill will, enmity, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan koobattule viiTTe tiiyaale patta vecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He got angry and set fire to the house.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set (o.s.) up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(solli koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> claim to be; raise or establish in authority; make a claim to authority on some topic<br> <font size=+1>He's set himself up as an expert on the subject and charges high fees</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set (s.o.) back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> cost, esp. when more than was expected<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The repairs on the car set me back $8000</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangu)</font> 3 tr <br> begin or start; get ready to do s.t.; prepare o.s. to undertake a task<br> <br> <font size=+1>??kaLeye piTunga toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He set about weeding the garden</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set apart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put aside for a specific purpose; designate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukkaa reNTaavadu maaTi ruumu odukkapaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>For him a room was set apart on the second floor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set apart/off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make noticeable; provide a showcase for s.t.; frame<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda poTave ava azahe eTuttukkaaTTradu</font><br> <font size=+1>This sari really sets her beauty off</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set aside</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seettu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> lay up; save; pile up, as wealth; congregate, assemble, collect, come/get together, convene, muster, rally, converge;<br> j <br> <font size=+1>piLLengaLooTe edirkaalattukkaaha pettavanga paNam seettu vekkradu sahajam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is common for parents to set aside money for the future of their children</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuvayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set apart; sort out; cf. also classify, class, categorize, catalog, grade, rank, group, divide, arrange, order, put in order, organize, assort, systematize, put aside<br> <br> <font size=+1>azugippoona pazangaLe taniyaa eTuttuvayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Set aside the fruits that have become rotten</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set apart s.t. for a particular purpose; give up s.t. in order to attend to a special purpose; put aside for; devote s.t. to; designate or earmark; reserve, keep in reserve for<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona maasa sambaLatte en tangecci kalyaaNattukaaha odukkivecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I set apart my last month's salary to help pay for my sister's wedding</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(odukku)</font> 3 tr <br> designate, reserve; ignore;<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa tannooTa mahanukku sottule oru pange odukkinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The father set aside a part of his property for his son</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> reserve for a special purpose<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLi pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> retard the progress of, hinder; be a delaying factor; hinder or obstruct<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The death of the vice-president set the plan back for several weeks</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put in writing, record<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I want to set down some principles that I think we need to observe at all times</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karudu)</font> 3 tr <br> regard, consider; treat as<br> <font size=+1>Others said he was incompetent, but I set it down to inexperience</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set fire to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tii koLuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> ignite; cause to burn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tii vekkappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The young disaffected immigrants set fire to cars, banks, and rioted for several weeks in France</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set foot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaale vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> descend, get down; visit, attend<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? anda eTattule innum kaale vekkalle; meelum, ange poohavee poohaveeNTaam</font><br> <font size=+1>I have never set foot in that place, and I don't intend to</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set forth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arimuhappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> present for consideration, propose<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He set forth his proposal to cut expenses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set free</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release; let out<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the Soviet Union collapsed, many political prisoners were set free</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> begin to happen or be apparent<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The infection set in after he stepped on a rusty nail</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b tr <br> explode; blow up<br> <br> <font size=+1>cenneyle neettu reNTu gunTu veTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Two bombs were set off in Chennai yesterday</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poo)</font> 3b intr <br> fare forth, start out<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru niiLamaana payaNattule poohappooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He will be setting out on a long journey.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(porappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> start; leave; begin a journey<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaave paakkradukkaaha eTTu maNikkee porappaTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He set out right at 8:00 in order to go see his father</font><br> 1) (kiLambu) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set roadblock(s)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTukkaTTe pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> obstruct; hinder<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaarum inge vara kuuTaaduNNu arasaangam muTTukaTTe pooTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government set up a road block so that no one could enter here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>set up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaccu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make higher, raise; move up; establish at a higher level<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to set the levees up higher than they were in the past, because they have failed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ame)</font> 6b intr <br> establish, found; start, initiate, institute, form, found, create, inaugurate; build, construct, install<br> <br> <font size=+1>vibattu kuriccu visaaraNe naTatta oru kuzu amekkappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A committee was set up to enquire into the accident</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put together and erect; make operative<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They set up a new printing press to replace the old one</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> create, cause<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He set up such a fuss, just because I was a little late</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>settle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nelekka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1t <br> cause to become established; make secure or fixed<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTaTatte nelekka seyya innum oru varusham aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take a year or more for the building to get settled</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTi puhuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring in or introduce settlers<br> <font size=+1>They brought immigrants from abroad and settled them on the land</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirmaani)</font> 6b intr <br> arrange or fix definitely as desired: put into order; agree; fix (a date, time, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>sevvaakkezame poohalaamNNu tiirmaaniccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We settled that we would go there on Tuesday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyeeru)</font> 3 intr <br> establish a colony or residence; establish or become established in a more or less permanent abode or way of life<br> <br> <font size=+1>keenaTaale kuTiyeera tiirmaaniccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They decided to settle in Canada</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nelenaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put firmly in a desired position or place: establish<br> <br> <font size=+1>laNTanle nelenaaTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They settled in London and made it their head office</font><br> 1) (kuTiyiru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(amar)</font> 1 intr <br> sit; land, alight<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNNaatti puucci sovar meele vandamamandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The butterfly settled on the wall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(amediyaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become calm; simmer down; chill out<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(paTi)</font> 2b intr <br> be deposited, as dust or sediment; sink slowly to the lowest level<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The toxic sediments settled to the bottom of the pool</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakku tiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> settle, as a loan or debt; clear off or up; wipe out<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu vaangna kaTanellaam naaLekki kaNakke tiirttuTuvoom</font><br> <font size=+1>Tomorrow we'll settle all the debts we incurred yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> establish as a resident or residents<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>?griinkaarTe vaanginappa en koTambatte amerikkaale kuTiyeettineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I settled my family in America after I got my green card</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>settle s.o.'s hash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiittu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put an end to; get rid of; finish<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I guess you settled his hash!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sever</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> separate, break (off), call a halt to, terminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaadali ennooTa irunda oravellaam tuNTiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My girlfriend severed all links with me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> divide or separate into parts; chop up; divide by cutting or slicing, especially suddenly and forcibly; cut off, chop off, detach, disconnect, dissever, separate, part; amputate, dock<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNTu tuNTaa veTTipooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He severed it into little pieces</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cut or break forcibly from a whole; chop off<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooba veriyile kayye tuuNTiccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He severed his arm in a fit of rage</font><br> 1) (kaNTi) </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muriccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> break off, as a relationship: dissolve; terminate employment<br> <br> <font size=+1>??naTpu murinjuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The friendship was severed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTikkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> cut or detach forcibly from a whole; remove<br> <br> <font size=+1>vibattule avan kaal tuuNTikkappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His leg was severed in the accident</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teccu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> stitch, as a garment<br> <font size=+1>She sews beautifully and makes all her own clothes</font><br> 1) (eNeccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make, repair, or fasten with needle and thread; join together<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> 1) (eNeccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shackle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vilangu maaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> restrain, confine or hamper, esp. with manacles, handcuffs, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLi tappiyooTaamalirukka avan kaalile velangu maaTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The prisoner was shackled so that he couldn't escape</font><br> 1) (kaTTippooTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (taTangal seyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> restrain o's freedom of expression or movement or action<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If they pass this legislation, they will shackle the freedom of the press!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become obscure or dark<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>?? The painting is in parts very bright, but shades off into dark blues and purples here and there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 6b tr <br> protect or screen from light or heat; hide, cover<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayye nettile veccu kuusum veLiccatte mareccuTTu vaanatte aNNaandu paattaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Shading his eyes from the dazzling sunshine, he looked up at the sky</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(manga seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> obscure or darken<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The designer shaded the edges of the garment with dark blue accents</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shadow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNkaaNi)</font> 6b tr <br> follow after, esp. in secret, tail<br> <br> <font size=+1>sandeehattukkuriya oru nabar vandiruppadaaha teriyavandadum avare kaNkaaNikka tiirmaaniccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When (the police) heard that a person acting in a suspicious manner was in the area, they decided to shadow him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adira seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make or induce tremors; move s.o. or s.t. forcefully or quickly up and down or back and forth. <br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu raattri puuhambam viiTellaatteyum adira senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The earthquake yesterday shook all the houses</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kulukku)</font> 3 tr <br> agitate together in a mass; agitate or move (an object) forcefully or quickly up and down or back and forth; rock, bump, jolt, bounce, roll, sway, swing, oscillate, wobble, rattle, vibrate, jar, jerk<br> <br> <font size=+1>puTTiye kulukkinadukappuram paale kuTi</font><br> <font size=+1>Drink the milk after shaking the bottle well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ulukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to tremble or shake; cf. also rock, bump, jolt, bounce, roll, sway, swing, oscillate, wobble, rattle, vibrate, jar, jerk, joggle, jounce. <br> <br> <font size=+1>raamuve ulukkinaadaan avan ezunduppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu will get up only if you shake him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> brandish or wave<br> <br> <font size=+1>kambe kaaTTi meraTTi paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to threaten me by shaking his stick at me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kulukku)</font> 3 tr <br> agitate, rattle, make anxious<br> <br> <font size=+1>kacci maanaaTTule anda kacciyooTa toNTarunga uNTiyaale kulukkunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The party members drummed up funds for the conference expenses by going around shaking a "hundi"</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(ase)</font> 6b intr <br> nod the head<br> <br> <font size=+1>??naan keeTTadukku badil sollaama sariNNu taleye aseccu tannooTa sammadatte teriviccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of replying to my question, he shook his head to indicate that he was in agreement</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move to and fro with short jerky movements; whip back and forth; tremble or vibrate or cause to do so<br> !<br> <font size=+1>tenne maram kaattile aaTradeppaaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how the coconut tree shakes in the wind!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to move to and fro with short jerky movements; wag, wave<br> <br> <font size=+1>naayi vaale aaTTradeppaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at the dog shake (wag) his tail</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(kulukku)</font> 3 tr <br> shake, as a tree; move s.t. forcefully or quickly up and down or back and forth. <br> <br> <font size=+1>maambazam saappiTaNumNaa maamaratte kulukkinaa poodum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you want mangoes to eat all you have to do is shake the tree</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(naTunga seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to tremble or quiver: vibrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>iTimozakkam avane naTunga senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sound of the thunder made him tremble and shake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> stagger or reel, totter; quiver, tremble<br> d <br> <font size=+1>naTakka muTiyaame taLLaaTi taLLaaTi niNNukkiTTeeyirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was shaking so much he couldn't walk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove or displace by jerky movements; move up and down rapidly<br> ?? ?<br> <font size=+1>??tuusiye taTTi eTu odaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Shake the dust out of the rug</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(ulukku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring to a designated condition by or as if by shaking; disturb<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The war in the Balkans shook the Europeans out of their torpor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> agitate so as to pry loose; vibrate, tremble, quiver, quake, shiver, shudder, judder, jiggle, wobble, rock, sway; convulse<br> <br> <font size=+1>seettle sikkina vaNTiye evvaLavu aaTTiyum ade asekka muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>We tried unsuccessfully to dislodge the car by shaking and shoving it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(15) </B> <font size=+1>(kulukku)</font> 3 tr <br> mix by shaking together<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaneye oru kulukku kulukkiiTTu vaTiyunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Drain (the rice) after shaking the pot once</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(16) </B> <font size=+1>(naTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> tremble or quiver, vibrate, from cold; shiver<br> <br> <font size=+1>iTi vizunda sattatte keeTTadum naTungattoTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He started shaking in fear when he heard the rumbling of the thunder</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(17) </B> <font size=+1>(kadikalangi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> agitate or disturb, disconcert<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTu iTinju poona seediye keeTTu kadikalangi poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was shaken by the news that his house was completely destroyed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shake (hands)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi kulukku)</font> 3 intr <br> clasp hands in greeting or farewell, or as an indication of agreement<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayyi kulukki veTe pettaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They took leave of each other by shaking hands</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shake (s.o.) up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehekka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> shock; bewilder, confuse; disturb; blow s.o.'s mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda aaLu kaTTaTattulerundu kudiccu makkaLe tehekka vaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When that guy jumped out of the building, it really shook people up</font><br> 1) (maatti ame) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shake (s.t.) up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(usuppiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> rouse; cause to be active, interested or excited; pep s.t. up; build a fire under s.o.; (Brit.: ginger up); urge on; make s.o. or s.t. more lively; cause to step up; invigorate<br> , ( )<br> <font size=+1>avar uLLee vandadum nereya vishayangaLe ucuppiviTTu, teeve illaadade tuukki pooTTaan(pazeya verake)</font><br> <font size=+1>When he came in he started to shake things up a lot, and throw out the dead wood</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shake down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kulukku)</font> 3 tr <br> solicit; accost; shake up, make anxious;<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona maasa maanaaTTule uNTiyale kulukki reNTu lacca ruubaaye anda kaccikkaaranga seettaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>members of that political party collected Rs. 200,000 by going around beating the bushes and shaking down the membership</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shake off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odaru)</font> 3 tr <br> get rid of; dispose of<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to shake off the sand from his hands</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shaken, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adircciyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be amazed, disturbed, or alarmed<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii senjirukkra keTTa seyheye paattu naan romba adircci aTenjirukkreen appaTiNNudaan sollaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>All I can say is, I was really very much shaken by the bad deed that you have committed,</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( b)+~ </B> <font size=+1>(@(verb)+@aTTum)</font> n.a. <br> used to express determination or promise, or in questions, for politeness or deference<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? [...] naan sollaTTumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>You shall answer for your misdeeds; shall I explain just how?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~ + f~- </B> <font size=+1>(@V+inf@-laam)</font> used to express a suggestion<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>poolaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we go?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ~ + f~- </B> <font size=+1>(@V+inf@-um)</font> used to express inevitability<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naaLum varum</font><br> <font size=+1>That day shall come</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel shame; feel remorse, regret<br> ? [..]<br> <font size=+1>vekkappaTTu enna prayoojanam? senja tavare oppukkoNTu [..]</font><br> <font size=+1>What's the use of feeling ashamed? The done deed ..</font><br> 1) (tale kuni) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTkappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to feel shame<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan senja tappe tirumba tirumba solli avane vekkapaTuttinaa avan tirunduvaaNNu onakku nenappu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you really think that shaming him by constantly reminding him of his mistake will make him change his ways?</font><br> 1) (tale kuni) 2b intr<br> 2) (tale kuniyec ceyyi) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naaNa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> force or compel by making ashamed<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was shamed into making amends by your kind words</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(avamaanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring dishonor or disgrace on; dishonor, disgrace, attaint<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He brought shame down on me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shame, put to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLuttu viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> fill with shame: disgrace; outdo completely: surpass<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla maarkku vaangi veLuttu viTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He put everyone else to shame by scoring 100 points</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shameless, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuusu)</font> 3 intr <br> be without shame; be unscrupulous<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaay kuusaama eppaTi poy sollraan paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He lies in such a shameless fashion</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shampoo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> wash or clean s.t. without immersing in water etc.; clean in place<br> <br> <font size=+1>kambaLatte kazuvaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should shampoo the rug</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tale kuLi)</font> 6b intr <br> wash the scalp and hair, esp. with special preparations<br> <br> <font size=+1>tale kuLikka pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going to shampoo my hair</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ame)</font> 6b tr <br> plan, devise; embody in a definite form<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He shapes the discussion by well placed-words and suggestions</font><br> </ul> cause to conform to a specific plan or pattern: adapt to fit<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> give a specific form to: create; give form to<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shape up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirundu)</font> 3 intr <br> turn out: develop; improve so as to meet or conform to a standard or goal; get o.s. in order or prepared for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tirundaaTTaa onakku ooTTappandayattule pooTTiyiTamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't shape up, you won't be able to compete in the race</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>share</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pangu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give or grant a part of share of s.t.; divide, impart; partition<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii avanukku idile pangu kuTuttuTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must share a part of this with him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(panguNTu)</font> 3 intr <br> have a part in; be eligible for; get<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakkum sottule panguNTuNNu uyille ezudi irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It is written in the will that I also will share in the property</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pahindu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> take part in, use, or have in common; allow others to have access to s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>koNTu vanda saappaaTTe pahindu siriccu peesinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shared his food gladly with the others</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pangiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> separate and parcel out in shares: apportion<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide ellaarukkum pangiTTu kuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Divide this up and share it with everybody.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pangiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> allot, distribute; use jointly or in common; divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku sariyaa pangupooTa teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>you do not know how to share properly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sharpen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make sharp or acute; polish, grind; put an edge on, edge, whet, hone, strop <br> ; <br> <font size=+1>katti kuurmeyaa ille; ade tiiTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>The knife is not sharp, so we need to sharpen it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuurmeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make sharp; bring to a point<br> <br> <font size=+1>kucci moneye kuurmeyaakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Sharpen the end of this stick</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make sharp or sharper<br> <br> <font size=+1>kattiye tiiTTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We should sharpen the knife</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shatter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> disperse; break into many pieces<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When he dropped the glass, it shattered all over the floor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iTinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> damage severely: disable<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>avan pooTTa kooTTepooTTuyellaam iTinju pooyTTadu??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(norukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to break or burst suddenly into pieces, as with a violent blow<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTiye oru aTi aTiccu ade norukkippooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shattered the glass with a single blow</font><br> 1) (oTe) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(norungu)</font> 3 intr <br> break or burst suddenly into pieces, as with a violent blow<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTi poTi poTiyaa norungippooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The glass shattered into a million tiny pieces</font><br> 1) (oTe) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moTTe aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> remove hair from the scalp<br> , ?<br> <font size=+1>kozandekki oru vayasaaccu, innum adukku moTTeyaTikkalliyee?</font><br> <font size=+1>The child's a year old, but you still haven't had its head shaved?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oraanju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> come close to or graze in passing<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When his car passed mine, it shaved a bit of paint off the fender</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(shavaram paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> remove the beard or other body hair from the face, as with a razor<br> <br> <font size=+1>shavaram paNNa pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going to shave</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(siivu)</font> 3 tr <br> trim or mow closely; remove or peel off thin slices from s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinna sinna tuNTaaha pakkuvamaa siivi eTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Shave small slices from it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sedukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cut or scrape into thin slices; shred<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Sprinkle the cake with shaved chocolate</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattari)</font> 6b tr <br> remove fleece or hair from; fleece<br> <br> <font size=+1>semmariyaaTTooTa roomatte ovvoru varushamum kattarikkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Sheep are sheared once a year</font><br> 1) (eTuttuTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (kampaLi veTTu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(udiru)</font> 6 intr <br> drop off, as a leaf; break to pieces; be separated, as a part from the whole<br> <br> <font size=+1>elevudir kaalattule elenga nereyaa udirkkum</font><br> <font size=+1>Many leaves are shed in the fall.</font><br> 1) (uhu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(udiru)</font> 6 tr <br> cause s.t. to fall, as tears, perspiration<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayadaana kaalattule muTi udirradu sahajam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is common to shed one's hair in old age</font><br> 1) (uhu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(udariiTu)</font> repel without allowing penetration<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This kind of raincoat sheds water efficiently</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(uri)</font> ?? <br> lose a growth or covering by a natural process, moult; cast off<br> <br> <font size=+1>??paambu toole aTikkaTi uriradu</font><br> <font size=+1>Snakes shed their skin on a regular basis</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall off; drop off<br> <br> <font size=+1>marattulerundu elehaLellaam vizuradu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the leaves are shed from the trees</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> drop out; fall out<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??muTiyellaam koTTa toTangi viTTadu ??</font><br> <font size=+1>I've started shedding hair as the result of the medication I'm taking</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> diffuse or give off, as light<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLakkooTa oLi ruumu muzusum paravi irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The lamp light shed its glow throughout the whole room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(kazattu)</font> 3 tr <br> let fall; allow to drop; cast off<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNiye kazattiTTu aattule eranginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shed his clothes and stepped into the river</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 2b intr <br> pour forth<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNulerundu maLamaLaNNu kaNNiir vaTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He shed tears profusely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shed (blood)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rattam sindu)</font> 3 intr <br> stake o's life for s.t. or s.o.; give o's life for s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>rattam sindi indiyaa swatandram vaangiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>India got independence by shedding blood. </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shed (blood, tears)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rattam vaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> (metaph.) bleed for; feel deeply about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avarukkaaha naan ratta kaNNiir vadicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I shed tears of blood for him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shed light on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make clear or evident; explain<br> <br> <font size=+1>??inda sambavam avan naTatteye teLivaakki veLakkiradu</font><br> <font size=+1>This sheds new light on his behavior</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> remove the shell or covering from, as of peas: shuck<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTTeye urikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>we need to shell the peas</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi kuNTerinju taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> fire shells from one or more large guns; bombard<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru vaaramaa enga uure veTiguNTerinju viTaama taakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They've been shelling our town for a week</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shelter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odungu)</font> 3 intr <br> take cover; take or seek shelter<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze naneyaama marattaTiyle odungiyirundoom</font><br> <font size=+1>To escape the rain and keep dry, we decided to take shelter under a tree</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTekkalam kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> provide protection or cover for; shield, cover, screen, safeguard<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamaram kuruvihaLukkellaam aTekkalam kuTuttuTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The mango tree has continued to shelter the birds</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pohaliTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> serve as a refuge; provide protection for, shield, cover, screen, safeguard<br> <br> <font size=+1>anaade kozandehaLukku pohaliTamaaha eyangi varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This institute also serves as a shelter for orphaned children</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shelve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLippooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put aside, postpone; leave for a later date<br> <br> <font size=+1>??paNam illaama kaaraNattaale ade taLLipooTaveeNTiyirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We had to shelve the project for lack of funds</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shield</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mareccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> conceal, hide from view; screen, protect<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLakku aNeyaamalirukka ade kayyaale mareccu vaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shielded the candle flame with his hand</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaappaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> defend or protect with or as if with a shield: guard<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne aTi vizaama kaappaattinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shielded me from the blows</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shift</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> move to another home, place or position;<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan poona maasam eTam maariTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I shifted lodgings last month</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(shifT paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> change gears in a motor vehicle; operate a stick-shift car<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kaarooTTradukku aasedaan, aanaa avanukku shifT paNNa teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>He would like to drive, but doesn't know how to shift gears</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(munnukku taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> push or move an object forward; scootch, budge; move or change or cause to move or change from one position to another.<br> <br> <font size=+1>toreyle irukkra veelekkaaran meejeye munnukkuttaLLunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The department worker shifted the position of the table forward</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naharu)</font> 2 intr <br> move from one place or position to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>naarkaaliyle nahandukkiTTirundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I kept shifting in that uncomfortable chair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> switch, transfer; push off<br> <br> <font size=+1>paziye ava meele somattinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shifted the blame onto her</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(nahattu)</font> 3 tr <br> move from one place or position to another; carry, transfer, transport, convey, lug, haul, fetch, switch, relocate, reposition, rearrange.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naarkaaliye nahattavee muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I just couldn't shift the chair</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> exchange (one thing) for another: switch<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We've shifted over to a new curriculum</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shift for o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLiccu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> contrive, manage; get along; do for o.s.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>naan inge illeNNaa, niinga summaa eppaTiyoo taniyaa samaaLiccukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You'll just have to shift for yourself when I'm not here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shimmer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minuminungu)</font> 3 intr <br> shine with a flickering, tremulous, or faint diffused light; glimmer; twinkle; glint, glisten, sparkle, flash, scintillate, gleam, glow, glitter, wink<br> <br> <font size=+1>teruveLakkellaam taNNiile pradipaliccu minuminungradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The reflections of the street lights shimmer in the water</font><br> 1) (paLapaLa) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shin(ny)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pane eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> climb a tree, esp. palmyra by shinning; cf. also: climb, clamber, scramble, swarm, shoot; mount, ascend, scale<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The toddy tapper shinnies up the tall palm trees using just his hands and feet to propel him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccu eeru)</font> 3 tr <br> climb by gripping and pulling alternately with the hands and legs<br> <br> <font size=+1>koppeppiTiccu maratte eeriiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shinnied up the tree</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miLiru)</font> 2 intr <br> gleam; glitter; be bright; twinkle; glint, glisten, sparkle, flash, scintillate, glow<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattirile naTcattiranga miLirkum</font><br> <font size=+1>In the night, the stars shine</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soTar viisu)</font> 3 intr <br> burn brightly; shine brightly<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelaa paalu poola soTar viisudu </font><br> <font size=+1>The moon shines white as milk.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paLapaLavaakku)</font> make glossy by polishing<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We shined and polished the mirrors once a year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veyil aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> shine, as the sun; emit rays, heat etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuryan oree veyil aTikkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sun shines brightly</font><br> 1) (veyil kaayi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(prahaasi)</font> 6b intr <br> emit light: beam; give out light, sparkle, twinkle <br> <br> <font size=+1>vaanattule naccattranga prahaasikkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The stars shine in the sky</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(prahaasi)</font> 6b intr <br> distinguish o.s. in a field or activity: excel; stand out; be outstanding<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He found a field in which he could really shine</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(paLapaLa)</font> 6 intr <br> reflect light: glint<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaira mooduram iruTTule paLapaLattadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The diamond ring shone in the dark</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> aim or cast the beam or glow of light<br> <br> <font size=+1>??veLakke mukkumuTangaLLe aTiccuppaattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They shone the light in all the corners</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall, as light<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They were afraid that the light would shine on them and reveal their hiding place</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ship</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> transport or cause to be transported; send<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTiye en velaasattukku anuppi vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Ship the boxes to my address</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shirk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappu)</font> 3 intr <br> try to escape, as from doing s.t.; renege on o's duties; try to get away or shrink from; fink out on<br> . <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa poruppuleerundu avan tappiccikkap paakkraan. aanaa naan avane viTamaaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>He's trying to shirk his responsibilities but I wouldn't let him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taviru)</font> 3 tr <br> avoid discharging; avoid duty or work; neglect or evade, as of o's responsibilities or obligations<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? [..] taviraade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't shirk your responsibilities</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shiver</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> shake violently, as in fear, illness, cold, etc.; tremble, convulse<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLirle ellaarum naTungiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We all shivered in the cold</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veruppuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> strike with disgust: offend<br> <br> <font size=+1>aruvaruppaana anda seydi avanukku veruppuuTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Hearing about the scandal shocked him profoundly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(adircci kuTu @(r tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> fill with alarm, fear, or shock<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona varusham kooyamuttuurule naTanda kuNTu veTippu sambavam ellaarukkum adircci kuTuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>the bomb blast that went off in Coimbatore last year shocked everyone</font><br> 1) (adircci aTeya seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(shaakkaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> subject to an electrical shock<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku shaakkaTiccu settu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He died from an electrical shock</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(teheccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become surprised and agitated; be astonished, appalled, horrified, scandalized, outraged, repelled, revolted, disgusted, nauseated, sickened, offended, traumatized, distressed, upset, perturbed, distu<br> <br> <font size=+1>veshayette keeTTu teheccu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was shocked at the news</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tehekka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> strike with great surprise and agitation; appall, horrify, scandalize, outrage, repel, revolt, disgust, nauseate, sicken, offend, traumatize, distress, upset, perturb, disturb, disquiet, unsettle, dis<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayangramaana anda seydi avane tehekka senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The horror of the incident shocked him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shocked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adircciyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> be amazed or alarmed; be shook up<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu naTanda tiivacca sambavam ellaareyum romba adircciyaTeya vaccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>the terrible fire yesterday shocked everyone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shoo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(torattu)</font> 3 tr <br> frighten away (animals, birds etc.) by or as if by crying shoo<br> d <br> <font size=+1>kuruviye tooTTattulerundu torattaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Shoo the birds away from the garden</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shoot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> discharge or let fly (as an arrow, bullet, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>marattu meele ambe viTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Shoot the arrow at the tree</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paTampiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> record on film<br> <br> <font size=+1>enguurle paTampiTikka pooraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They're going to shoot a movie in our town</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLi vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> utter forcefully, quickly, or suddenly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The words just shot out of her mouth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paaya viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> send forth suddenly, intensely, or swiftly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He shot out of the room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ezumbu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to project or protrude: extend<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When they built this overpass, they made this road shoot out at a funny angle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 tr <br> hit, wound or kill, with a missile fired from a weapon; discharge a weapon<br> <br> <font size=+1>sirutteye suTTukkoNNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shot the leopard dead</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shoot up/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLirviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> bud or sprout; spring forth; pop out<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? inda kaalattule ceTiyellaam taLir viTradu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's the time of year when the buds shoot out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTekki poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go shopping; look to buy , be in the market for; examine or buy goods at (a store)<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku kaTekki pooradudaan pozudupookku</font><br> <font size=+1>She likes to go shopping</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shore up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> prop up, as with an inclined timber; provide temporary support; bolster; reinforce temporarily<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We could shore up this project if we found more funding</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>short, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattakoreyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be a shortage of; be on the deficit side, be in the red; be in a drought condition<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maanilattule ippa taNNi pattakoreyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Water is kind of short in this state right now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>short, cut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tora)</font> 7 tr <br> renounce; abandon; abbreviate<br> <br> <font size=+1>talevar tannooTa talameppadaviye neettu torandaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday, the leader cut short his term as chairman</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>short-cut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukku vaziyile poo@(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> go by cross-cut; take a shorter or back route; cut at right angels to s.t.; cut across (empty fields, woods, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kurukku vaziyile poonaa ingeerundu pattu nimishattule en viiTTukku pooyiTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You can reach my house within 10 minutes if you take the shortcut from here</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shorten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukku)</font> 3 tr <br> abridge; make an epitomy of; summarize the main points of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kadeye innum surukki ezudappaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to rewrite this story and shorten it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(surukku)</font> 3 tr <br> abridge, as a book; make dense, compact, or short<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He shortened the time it takes to get government approval.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(korenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become reduced in time, size, or length; become smaller<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>At this time of the year, the days shorten and temperatures dip</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kuruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> become short or shorter<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The festivities have been shortened to just one day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> reduce in length; make shorter<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalccaTTeye tayyakkaaranTTe koNTu pooy niiLatte korekka sollaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I should take these trousers to the tailor to have them shortened</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kurukku)</font> 3 tr <br> reduce in length, amount or extent; reduce in force,efficacy or intensity<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His life was clearly shortened because he smoked so heavily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>should</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ + f~- </B> <font size=+1>(@V+inf@-kuuTum)</font> n/a <br> used to express probability or expectation<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They should arrive here soon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~ + f ~ </B> <font size=+1>(@V+infinitive@ -Num)</font> past tense of shall, used to express duty or obligation<br> <br> <font size=+1>??avanukku parisu kuTuttirukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should have got him a present</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> used to express conditionality or contingency<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If they should fail, then so would I</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shoulder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soma)</font> 7 tr <br> bear the responsibility of; take (s.t.) on; handle, assume<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu baaram ennaale somakkamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't shoulder so much responsibility</font><br> 1) (meerkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooLinaale iTiccu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> apply force to with or as if with the shoulders; push through or against with the shoulders<br> <br> <font size=+1>nerukkattulerundu tappa avan tooLinaale iTiccu taLLikkiTTu vandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>To escape the crowd, he shouldered his way through</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(somandu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> place or carry on the shoulders<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The only way to carry this is by shouldering it</font><br> 1) (taangu) 3 tr<br> 2) (meerkoo @(sh tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shout</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aarbari)</font> 6b intr <br> cry out; whoop; scream, clamour<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavooTa verriya koNTaaTa makkaL teruvule aarbariccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people shouted in the streets with joy to celebrate India's win</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koosham ezuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> yell, scream; utter a loud call or cry, typically as an expression of a strong emotion; cry out, call out, roar, howl, bellow, bawl, call/yell at the top of o's voice, raise o's voice; (inf.) holler<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiri peeccek keeTTu elloorum goosham ezuppi kay taTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They showed their appreciation for the minister's speech by shouting and applauding</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuccal pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> scream, yell<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTane paattadum ellaarum kuuccal pooTTu avane ooTa vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When they saw the thief they all shouted and made him run away</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 t<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> say or utter in a loud voice; scream<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaadyaaru orakka kattinaa taan ellaarukkum keekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>We can hear the teacher only if he shouts</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(sattam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make a loud noise; scream, yell<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa sattam pooTaadeeNNu sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Father asked/told us not to shout</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(toNTe kiziya kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> scream at the top of o's voice<br> <br> <font size=+1>maykkillaadadanaale mandirikki toNTe kiziya katti peesaveeNTiyirundu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the absence of a microphone, the minister had to shout out his speech</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shouting, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattikiTTu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> keep saying s.t. noisily; shout persistently<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>maappiLLe viiTTukkaaranga enna kattikiTTu irukkaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are the bridegroom's relatives shouting?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shove</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukki taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> push; press forward; hold and exert force on s.t. so as to cause it to move in front of one; thrust, propel; send, drive, force, prod, poke, nudge, elbow, shoulder; sweep, bundle, hustle,<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaL veLLam engaLe nerukki taLLiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The flood of people shoved me and crushed me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> prod, or thrust, often rudely or roughly; push s.o. or s.t. often rudely or roughly; thrust, propel, drive, force, ram, knock, elbow, shoulder; jostle, hustle, manhandle.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne piTiccu taLLiiTTu avasara avasaramaa viiTTukkuLLe nozenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shoved me aside and hurried into the house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>show</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 6b tr <br> show; allow or cause to be, visible; exhibit or produce for inspection; represent or depict in art.<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamu taan varenja ooviyatte enkiTTe kaaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu showed me the picture he drew.</font><br> (kaami) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTi kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> demonstrate; teach by showing<br> <br> <font size=+1>uuruhaa eppaTi pooTraduNNu kaaTTi kuTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She showed me how to make pickles</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make visible<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I wonder if the elusive actor is going to show himself?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(suTTi kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> point out: demonstrate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Would you show me how to make this work?</font><br> </ul> manifest: exhibit (show irritation; indicate: register (thermometer shows<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> guide or conduct<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>paLLikkuuTam engeNNu vazi kaaTTamuTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Could you show me how to get to the school building?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tale kaaTTu)</font> ??<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>show off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?</B> <font size=+1>(aaTambaramaa)</font> ?? <br> behave ostentatiously or conspicuously<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was trying to show off and he wrecked the car</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>show up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vandu seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> arrive<br> . <br> <font size=+1>naagaLellaarum avanukku veeNTi saappiTaama kaattirundoom. raattri pattu maNikki daan vandu seendaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>We were all waiting for him, and held off eating; he finally showed up at 10:00 at night!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tale kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> put in an appearance; show o's face; appear in public<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I had no idea whether he would show up or not</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> be clearly visible; expose or reveal the the true nature of;<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The stain shows up in the light</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shower</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLi)</font> 6b intr <br> take a shower bath<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm going to take a shower</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ? </B> <font size=+1>(aLi)</font> 6b tr <br> bestow abundantly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They showered praises on her for her performance</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(peyyi)</font> 2b intr <br> pour down in a shower<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>?? It's pouring rain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shred</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poTi poTiyaa narukku)</font> 3 tr <br> rip or cut into small pieces, esp. longitudinally<br> <br> <font size=+1>muTTekkoose poTippoTiyaa narukki vaaNaliile pooTunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Shred the cabbage and add it to the skillet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naar naaraa piyyi)</font> 6b tr <br> tear or separate, as fibers; break into small pieces<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Shred the fibers from the coconut husk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taar taaraa kizi)</font> 6b tr <br> tear into small pieces; rip to shreds<br> [...]<br> <font size=+1>kaTidatte taartaaraa kiziccu [...]</font><br> <font size=+1>He shredded the letter and threw the pieces into the fire</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shriek</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuccal pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> utter a loud shrill cry. esp. as an expression of terror, pain, or excitement; scream, screech, squeal, yell, howl, shout, cry, call, whoop, wail; (inf.) holler<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambe paattadum kozandahaLellaam kuuccal pooTattoTanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children began to shriek as soon as they saw the snake</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 t<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shrink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surungu)</font> 3 intr <br> get shorter; shrink<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooccadule saTTe surungiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The shirt shrank on washing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(surungu)</font> 3 intr <br> waste away; become smaller<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudusaa vaangina saTTe surungipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The new shirt I bought has shrunk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(surungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be reduced in volume or extent; become curled or shriveled; become condensed or dense<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru taTave tooccadum veeTTi surungiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dhoti shrank after it was washed just once</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(siru)</font> 6 intr <br> become shorter or smaller; contract; shrivel up<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadunaale oTambu siruttuTTee poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>(My) body is shrinking because of old age</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(surungippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become diminished or smaller in size; be shrunk, reduced or small; contract, diminish, lessen, reduce, decrease, dwindle, decline, fall off, drop off<br> <br> <font size=+1>poTave surungippoonaa veere poTave tarroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We will replace this saree with another one if this one shrinks</font><br> 1) (surungiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tovaNTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> become warped, shrunken, stunted, or weak<br> <br> <font size=+1>ceTi taNNi illaame tovaNTuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Without water, the plants get all shrunken and dried up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(surukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to shrink; make s.t. smaller; contract or cause to contract<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNiye surukkaNumNaa ade naneya vekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you want to shrink the garment, you should soak it in water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(korenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become reduced in amount or value: dwindle; get smaller, become/grow smaller, contract, diminish, lessen, reduce, decrease, decline, fall off, drop off<br> ??[...] <br> <font size=+1>??[...] korenju pooyTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Output seems to be shrinking, and so are profits</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be reluctant to do or say s.t.; hold back, hold off<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan meele pazi somatta tayanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shrank back from blaming him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(odungu)</font> 3 intr <br> retreat, pull back in fear, etc.; be reluctant or lack the courage to do s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Now isn't the time to shrink from the task</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shrink (back)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinvaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> pull or draw back: recoil; retreat<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambe paattu bayandu pinvaanginaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They shrank back in fear from the snake</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shrivel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuNNi kuruhi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> lose vitality or intensity; wrinkle and contract, or cause to wrinkle and contract, through loss of moisture; wither into a wrinkled or dried-up state<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He just seemed to shrivel up when he heard that he had been fired</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> shrink and wrinkle, often in drying; wither into a wrinkled or dried-up state<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyille kaanju ceTiyellaam karuhiiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The plants have shrivelled up in the intense heat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shrouded, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mare)</font> 2b intr <br> screen, hide, be covered<br> <br> <font size=+1>male ucci meehattile marenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The mountain tops are shrouded in mist</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shrug</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooLe kulukku)</font> 3 intr <br> raise the shoulders as a gesture esp. of doubt, disdain, resignation, or indifference<br> <br> <font size=+1>keeTTadukku badil sollaama tooLekkulukkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shrugged his shoulders without replying</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shrug off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(acaTTe paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> minimize the importance of; get rid of; act indifferently to s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>asaTTe paNNalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He didn't shrug if ott</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shrunken, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tovaNTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be dried, parched, warped or shrunk in the sun; be slack or stunted<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNi illaame nel payiru ellaam tovaNTu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Without water, rice paddies get all shrunken and dried up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shuck??</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uri)</font> 6b tr? <br> remove the outer covering from sweet corn, peas, etc.; remove the tough outer layer of nuts and other edibles<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When the corn is fresh from the field, shuck it and cook it right away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shudder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(silittu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> tremble, shiver, or shake with fear, excitement, trepidation etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>?oTambe silirttukkoNTaan ??(silirttukkiTTaan?)</font><br> <font size=+1>He shuddered in fear</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> tremble or shiver convulsively, in fear or disgust; tremble, quiver, vibrate, palpitate, quaver, quake, convulse.<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayattaale naTunginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shuddered in fear</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pullari)</font> 6b intr <br> vibrate, quiver, tremble<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade neneccadum oTambu pullariccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Just the thought of it made him shudder</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shuffle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 6b tr <br> mix together in a disordered, haphazard fashion<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Things got shuffled around because of a huge reorganization at work</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaale izu)</font> 6 intr <br> walk clumsily; drag the feet along the ground while walking; move with a scraping, sliding, or dragging motion<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaale izuttu naTandaa paLLikkuuTattukku poorade tavukkalaamNu neneppu avanukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He thought that if he sort of shuffled along, he could get out of going to school</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> move (s.t.) from one place to another, sort through s.t.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>nallaa poraTTippaattaaccu, aanaalum ahappaTalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He shuffled through all the papers, but couldn't find it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shun</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odungi viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> avoid, keep away from deliberately and consistently; ostracize; ignore and marginalize; exclude from polite society, etc.; estrange o.s. from<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaalattule kushTaroohihaLiTTerundu ellaarum odungi viTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Lepers used to be shunned in the old days</font><br> 1) (velahikkoo @sh tr@) 1 tr<br> 2) (anniyamaakkikkoo @sh tr@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> vex, cause to wither or weaken; ignore; give withering looks to; look down on<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappu senjavane janangaLee romba vaaTTunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People shunned and ignored him because he had done something bad</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> ostracize; exclude; excommunicate, shut out; blackball, ignore<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTane uurulerundu taLLiveccaanga.</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief was shunned by the whole village.</font><br> 1) (odukki vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> enclose, confine, close over<br> <br> <font size=+1>avale iruTTu ruumle aTeccu vaccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They shut her up in a dark room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> fasten with a lock, catch or latch<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTi puuTTiyirukkaaNNu paattu sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>See if the box is shut properly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(surukku)</font> 3 tr <br> fold up, close up; furl<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTeye surukki muulele vaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shut the umbrella and placed it in a corner</font><br> 1) (maTakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saattu)</font> 3 tr <br> close over or within a conjoined aperture<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadave saatti taaL pooTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She shut the door and locked it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTu)</font> 3 tr <br> close, cover<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNe muuTiiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He shut his eyes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shut (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 6 tr <br> close up, as a window or door; enclose or tie up animals up in a fold; put s.t. or s.o. in a cage or enclosure<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saantiye viiTTule aTeccuveccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He kept Shanti shut up inside the house.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shut down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> close, as an establishment<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele neruttam kaaraNamaa muuTi keTanda tozilsaale pooliis paadukaappooTa terakkappaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The factory that was shut down because of the strike, was opened with the help of police protection</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niNNu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> stop operating; cease functioning; quit<br> <br> <font size=+1>meshiinu niNNuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The engine shut down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nirutti vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> halt the operation of<br> <br> <font size=+1>karaNT illaadadanaale veeleye nerutta uttaraviTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were ordered to shut down operations because of the power outage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shut off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe)</font> 6b tr <br> turn off, as an electrical connection<br> <br> <font size=+1>karaNTe aNeccuTTaanga poolirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The power seems to be shut off</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn off, shut down<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiizkaNTa eTangaLle minsapLay neruttappaTumNu minvariyam teriviccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>According to the Electricity board, electricity will be shut off in a number of specified locations</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shut out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> prevent or forbid access to; put out of the loop<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was shut out of the negotiations</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shut up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maunamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become quiet or speechless; refrain from saying anything; be silent; be still; bite the tongue<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava enne paattavoTane maunamaayiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She shut up when she saw me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaye muuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> stop speaking; hold o's tongue<br> , <br> <font size=+1>peesinadu poodum, vaaye muuTuNNu sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked (the child) to shut up as he had said enough</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaye aTakku)</font> 3 intr <br> silence a person<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe moreccu paattu vaaye aTakkiiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He shut her up by staring at her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shut, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> close, cover<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNu muuTiyirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes were shut</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shut, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> (of eyes) be closed up with rheum, inflamation, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTe kaNNunga viikkattule muuTikkoNTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes were swelled shut.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shy away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vilahu)</font> draw back, as from fear; avoid<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I shy away from confrontations, prefering back-door negotiations</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>shy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vekkappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be abashed, be shy and coy, be modest<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaalattu kalyaaNa poNNunga avvaLavu vekkappaTradille</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays brides don't act as shy and modest as they used to in the old days</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> be distrustful or wary<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm shy of getting involved in that</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vekkappaTu @(sh intr)@)</font> 3 intr <br> (x+ dat) be ashamed of or feel modest about s.t.; be timid or bashful<br> <br> <font size=+1>tirumaNa poNNu vekkappaTTu tale kuninjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The bride felt shy and lowered her head</font><br> 1) (kuuccappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sic</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((veeTTe naaye) eevu)</font> 3 trr <br> incite (a dog) to attack or pursue<br> <font size=+1>They sicced the dogs on him and wouldn't let up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sick (and tired) of, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saliccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become utterly weary, discouraged, or bored; be fed up or sick to death with s.t.; be overfilled , surfeited , stuffed , glutted , gorged; be unable to tolerate any more <br> <br> <font size=+1>tirumba tirumba adee seydiye patti keeTTu enakku saliccu pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm sick and tired of hearing the same news over and over again</font><br> 1) (aluttuppoo) 3b intr<br> 2) (poodum poodumNu aahu) 3 intr<br> 3) (veruttuppoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sick and tired, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(salippaTe)</font> 3b intr <br> become fed up with s.t.; have had enough of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTule samaiyal maTTum senju salippaTenjiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am just sick and tired of home cooking</font><br> 1) (veru) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sicken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTambe keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make o's body ill; effect o's body with disease<br> <br> <font size=+1>madu kuTikkradu oTambe keTukkumgradule sandeehamille</font><br> <font size=+1>It is a fact that drinking alcohol sickens the body</font><br> 1) (piiTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nooyvaa paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be afflicted with illness; be decreasing in quality; become sickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa ambadu vayasuleyee nooyvaa paTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father began to sicken as early as the age of fifty</font><br> 1) (vyaadippaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veruppuuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> cause to be revolted or disgusted<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I was just sickened by the descriptions of what happened at Abu Graib</font><br> 1) (veruppu koo @(sh intr)@) 1 intro<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>side (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTa seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> be in agreement with, support; align o.s. with a particular side<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I side with the minority party on this position</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>side-step</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahi koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intro <br> dodge an issue or responsibility, evade; avoid<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In his speech, the senator side-stepped the issue of unemployment</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>side-track</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> divert; shunt aside; diverge or cause s.t. to be diverted esp. onto a side track or dead end <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This program got side-tracked after the new government took power</font><br> 1) (mattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sidle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move or cause to move sidewise, esp. furtively or indirectly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When I got there, he sidled up to me and began to whisper about how sorry he was</font><br> 1) (pakkavaaTTamaa nazuvu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sift</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTikaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> strain s.t. in a sieve; pick through s.t. to extract certain pieces; put through a straining device, as a sieve so as to separate the fine from the coarse particles<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You had better sift the rice before you cook it, and remove small stones</font><br> 1) (sali) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaraanju paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> examine closely; strain, screen, filter<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The police had to sift through all the evidence before they could accuse the suspect of the murder</font><br> 1) (piriccu vayyi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> apply by scattering with or as if with a sieve<br> <br> <font size=+1>palahaarattumeele sakkareye poTiccu tuuvunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Sift powdered sugar over the confection</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sigh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perumuuccu eri)</font> 2 intr <br> exhale audibly in a long deep breath, as in weariness or relief<br> <br> <font size=+1>adeppatti keeTTadum perumuuccu erinjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sighed when he heard the news</font><br> 1) (perumuuccu viTTukko) 1 intr<br> 2) (neTumuucceri) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tukkappaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> grieve or mourn<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda sambavatte neneccu neneccu tukkappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sighed thinking again and again about the incident from the past</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sign</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyezuttu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> affix or write o's signature to<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ezuttule nii kayyezuttu pooTalliyee?</font><br> <font size=+1>You haven't signed this letter!</font><br> 1) (kayyezuttu iTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>signal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arihuri kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> indicate as a sign of; send a signal or a message<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga saNTe pooTa varraleNNu avan inda naaTTu poor viirangaLukku duurattuleendu arihuri kaaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He signaled to our troops from a distance that they hadn't come to fight.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNu kaaTTu @(N tr)@)</font> 6b intr <br> gesture, indicate with the eyes; signify<br> " ," <br> <font size=+1>"nii poo"-NNu sneydan kaNNe kaaTTunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend signaled with his eyes that I should go.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saihe kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> make known or communicate by signals<br> , <br> <font size=+1>poolaamNu saihe kaaTTa, naanga reNTu peerum angeerundu keLambinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We both left the place as he signalled to me that we should leave</font><br> 1) (saihe muulam terivi) 6b intr<br> 2) (jaaTeyaale terivi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaikaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> wave<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The policeman signalled us to move with a wave of his hand</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>signify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~X~- </B> <font size=+1>(@X@ ukku arttam)</font> serve as a sign of; be the meaning of<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>idukku enna arttam?</font><br> <font size=+1>What does this signify?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuriccu kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> have meaning or import; be important<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??idu enna kuriccu kaaTTraduNNu enakku innum puriyalle, aanaa mukkyamaandu daanNNu nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know yet what this signifies, but I think it's important</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>silence</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaye aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> make or keep quiet; shut s.o. up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried to silence him by putting him under house arrest</font><br> 1) (amedi aakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> curtail the expression of, suppress<br> <br> <font size=+1>raajaa makkaLe bayamurutti avangaLe peesaama aTakki aaNTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The king silenced people and kept them from speaking by means of fear</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(samaadaanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make calm or quiet; pacify, soothe<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandeye samaadaanappaTuttu muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>It was impossible to silence the child and calm him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>silent, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peesaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> maintain silence<br> ?? . <br> <font size=+1>??amaiti kaakkumaaru uttaraviTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He ordered us to be silent</font><br> 1) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>similar, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ottirukka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be or bring close or similar to; approximate<br> : .<br> <font size=+1>enakku veeNTiyadellaam ivvaLavudaan: nii ippo seyya irukkra reNTu uruvangaLum ottirukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>my only requirement is that the two models that you are going to make should be similar in shape</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>simmer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kodi)</font> 6b intr <br> cook slowly with rage; boil; seethe inwardly with anger; be hot under the collar<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tanakkyu paNam varappooradille appaTiNNu keeTTadum koovattule kodiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>When she heard she wasn't going to come into money after all, she simmered in anger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puzungu)</font> 3 intr <br> cook gently just at or below the boiling point<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>arisi evvaLavu neeram puzungaNum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How long should the rice simmer?</font><br> 1) (kodi) 6b intr<br> 2) (koobattaal pongu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puzungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be filled with barely controlled anger or resentment, seethe<br> <br> <font size=+1>oNNumee sollaama puzungiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of talking about it, he just sat there simmering with rage</font><br> 1) (kodi) 6b intr<br> 2) (koobattaal pongu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>simper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asaTTu sirippu siri)</font> 6b intr <br> smile in a silly or goofy way, or in an affectedly coquettish, coy, or ingratiating manner<br> <br> <font size=+1>keeTTadukku badil sollaama asaTTuccirippu sirikkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Instead of replying to my question, he just stands there, simpering</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>simplify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eLidaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make less complicated<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Can we simplify the recipe?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teLivaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make clear, explain; clarify<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kaNakke teLivaakki sollikkuTungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Could I get you to simplify this math problem?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paavam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> violate a religious or moral law<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people think that abortion is a sin</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sing</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> produce tones with the voice; make melodious sounds; warble<br> <br> <font size=+1>en poNNu nallaa paaTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My daughter sings well</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poottu)</font> 3 tr <br> proclaim or extol s.t. in poetry<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They just sing the praises of the revered saints and the elders</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puhaz)</font> 2 intr <br> praise, extol<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamize patti vistaaramaa pohazndu peesinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sang the praises of Tamil</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> utter a series of sounds or words in musical tones; carol, trill, warble, pipe, quaver, croon, chant, yodel.<br> ? <br> <font size=+1>onakku paaTatteriyumaa? </font><br> <font size=+1>Can you sing?</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> vocalize or perform songs<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru paaTTe paaTuNu sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked me to sing a song</font><br> 1) </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(riingaaram seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> produce or have the effect of melody<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Walt Whitman wrote that "I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear...Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs."</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>singe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) , , , </B> <font size=+1>(tiiy, eri, kari, karuku)</font> 2 intr <br> burn superficially, scorch<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTupputtuNi tiinjupooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The kitchen towel got singed</font><br> 1) 2) 3) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karuhu)</font> burn by the heat of the sun; be turned brown or black at the edges, as paper<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyille karuhi pooyaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It has gotten singed from being in the sun</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>single</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teendeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> choose a few from among many; separate out, set apart, put to one side, pick, choose, select, fix on, decide on<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTattulerundu reNTupeerettaan teendeTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They singled out only two persons from the crowd</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> point out; make a special case of; point the finger at<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??avane kurippiTTu kaaTTunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>He was singled out [??as a troublemaker??]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muuzhaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> immerse; get rid of (as sorrows in drink); overwhelm or overpower<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediriyooTa vimaanam enga kappale muuzhaTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The enemy's plane sank our ship</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(amizndu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> fall to the bottom<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalle taNNiile pooTTaa adu modakkaama amungi poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you throw a stone in the water, it will sink to the bottom instead of floating</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> pass into a worsened physical condition; move toward death; die a slow death<br> <br> <font size=+1>taattaavooTa nele moosamaakkikkiTTu poorade paakka sahikkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I cannot bear to see my grandfather's condition sinking</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muuzkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to fail; cause to go down, fall down<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried to sink my proposal with all kinds of attacks</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(muuzkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to sink; scuttle; make s.t. descend to the bottom of the water<br> <br> <font size=+1>viTudaleppulihaLooTe anju paTahuhaLe lanka kaTalpaTekkaaranga muuzkaTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Sri Lankan navy sank the five boats belonging to the Tamil tigers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(taazndu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become weaker, quieter, or less forceful<br> <font size=+1>??[...] avanooTa koral taazndu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>When he got tired, his voice tended to sink into a whisper</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(kuzinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become hollow<br> <br> <font size=+1>kannamellaam kuzinjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His cheeks were sunken in and hollow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(vizunduTu)</font> 4 intr <br> move to a lower level, esp. slowly or in stages; become submerged, be engulfed, go down, drop, fall, descend (esp. in status or value)<br> . !<br> <font size=+1>oru kaalattule avaru periya paNakkaararu; eppaTi vizunduTTaaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>He used to be a wealthy man, but see how far he has sunk!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sink back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnaale saayi)</font> 2 intr <br> lean back, return back to a former lower state<br> <font size=+1>He was making progress, but now he's sunk back into his former state</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sink in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(purinju koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> make an impression; have a biting or lasting effect; be pungent, sharp; knock o's socks off<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippadaan anda seediye purinjuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Only now [the meaning of] that fact has sunk in</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 2b tr <br> make an impression<br> ??[..] <br> <font size=+1>??[..] innum orekkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He was in shock, the news hasn't sunk in yet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sink in, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nenavule aazu)</font> 2 intr <br> be submerged in thoughts of; be lost in thoughts; mull over resentments etc.<br> ?? ( ) ; ??<br> <font size=+1>??aasiriyar sonnadellaam nenavule aaznduccu (or:) ??aasiriyar aaznda nenevule irundaaru, adanaale naan sonnadellaam keekkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher was sunk in deep thought, so he didn't hear what I said</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sink into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pottuNNu vizu)</font> ??<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urinju)</font> 3 tr <br> suck in (as water); inhale (as air, smoke, etc.); breathe in (as a whiff of perfume); draw up (as through a straw)<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNiye meduvaa urinji kuTi</font><br> <font size=+1>Sip the water slowly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(urinju kuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> drink delicately and in small quantities<br> <br> <font size=+1>oyyaaramaa kaappiye konjam konjamaa urinju kuTiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She sipped her coffee in an elegant way, just little sips at a time</font><br> 1) (nohar) 2 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe kaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> incubate; sit on (eggs) in order to keep them warm and bring them to hatching. <br> <br> <font size=+1>koozi muTTeye aTe kaakkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The hen sits on the eggs</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(porundu)</font> 3 intr <br> suit or fit<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>That didn't sit well with him at all, as his anger showed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> meet in a session; preside officially<br> [...] <br> <font size=+1>[...] naaLekki kuuTradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The grand jury is sitting on the redistricting matter tomorrow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(amar)</font> 2 intr <br> assume a sitting position<br> <br> <font size=+1>naarkaaliyle amandavaaree jannal vaziyaa paattukkiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was sitting in a chair, staring out the window</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ukkaandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be located or situated<br> <br> <font size=+1>marattaTiyle ooNaan ukkaandirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>A chameleon was sitting under the tree</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(amandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> roost<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>[something] was seen [clearly visible] sitting [roosting] in a tree</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sit (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(okkaaru)</font> 2 intr <br> be seated; assume a seated position; sit down, take a seat<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga okkaanduTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We sat ourselves down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sit back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(summaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> do nothing; sit around<br> <br> <font size=+1>odavi seyyaama summaa irundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She sat back, not lifting a finger to help</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sit in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> attend as an observer<br> <br> <font size=+1>I sat in as an observer during the proceedings, but I didn't say anything</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sit on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> suppress; prevent the output or sensing of selected data or signals; conquer, vanquish, put an end to, crush, quell, squash, stamp out, extinguish, put out, crack down on, clamp down<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The police have had the evidence for weeks, but they're just sitting on it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sit out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odungi iru)</font> 7 intr <br> refrain from taking part in s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>As for this dance, I'll just sit this one out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sit through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiyum vare iru)</font> 7 intr <br> stay until the end; persist; hang in there<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I saw through the whole meeting, waiting for an explanation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sit tight</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttiru)</font> be patient and wait for further developments<br> <br> <font size=+1>oNNum seyyaama poruttirukka sonnaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>I was advised to sit tight and not move a muscle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sit up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viziccu kiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> stay up later than the customary bedtime<br> ?? d , <br> <font size=+1>??naan viiTTukku vandappa, ava innum viziccukkiTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>When I got home, she was still sitting up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ushaaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> become suddenly alert; wake up and smell the coffee<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade keeTTadum nimindu ukkaanduTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sat up when he heard that</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanam seluttu)</font> 3 intr <br> pay attention; arouse o.s. from torpor and become aware of things<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly they sat up and took notice of what was going on around them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>situate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> locate, place in a spot<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTaTam vanaandarattu naTuvile irukkuNNu nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I think the building is situated in the middle of a desert</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>size up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> make an estimate, opinion, or judgement of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to size up the situation and decide what to do</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sizzle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sorrNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be very hot; make a hissing sound when frying or roasting<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The pappadams were sizzling on the grill</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ' ' </B> <font size=+1>('us'NNa sattam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make the hissing sound characteristic of frying fat<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I was cooking the potatoes and they were really sizzling</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>skate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarukki veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> travel by means of skates; move on ice by means of skates<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>?? I used to skate when I was a kid, but no longer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sketch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kariyaale ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> draw in a rough or unfinished way, write with charcoal; rough out, outline, pencil (in), represent, delineate, depict<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLLe sovarle kariyaale ezudinaa paLiccuNNu teriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will be clearly visible if you sketch it with charcoal on the white wall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vevari)</font> 6b tr <br> make a brief, incomplete presentation: outline<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>At the meeting, I want you to sketch out your ideas for the project</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vare)</font> 2b tr <br> make a brief, hasty, or undetailed drawing; make a rough outline<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahattule edeyoo varenjuTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was sketching something in his book</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>skew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> twist, misalign, misrepresent; move s.t. in an oblique direction<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried to skew the results in favor of their candidate but we found them out!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>skid</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarukku)</font> 3 intr <br> slide on slippery ground or ice, esp. sideways or obliquely. <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The car hit an icy patch and skidded into the river</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>skim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNooTTam seluttu)</font> 3 intr <br> glance through superficially or quickly; move quickly over the surface of s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>kaTidatte siikkramaa kaNNooTTam seluttunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He skimmed through the letter hastily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nore eTuttuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> remove floating matter from a liquid<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to skim the milk to remove some solid particles first</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(medandu (modandu) poo)</font> 3b intr <br> glide or pass quickly or lightly over<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We skimmed over the water in his new catamaran</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>skimp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattaakoreyaa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> do hastily or carelessly; expend or use less time, money, or material on s.t. than is necessary in an attempt to economize<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I told him not to skimp on the decorations for the wedding because we wanted everything to look good</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unduly thrifty; do hastily, do carelessly, dash off, cut corners with<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He skimped on his children's education, when he should have been more generous</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>skin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tool uri)</font> 6b tr <br> remove the skin from, peel off<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Skin the tomatoes and then crush them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>skip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukkiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> leave out, jump over, omit or pass over, as a page, a chapter, sports news, advertisements, etc.<br> ( ) , <br> <font size=+1>ava enda pustahatte paTikka eTuttaalum munnureye odukkiTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever book she takes up to read, she always skips the preface</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> pass over, omit or disregard<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You can skip the details--just cut to the chase</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> leave hastily; fly the coop, abscond; run off; beat a hasty retreat; leave under cover of darkness<br> <br> <font size=+1>uure viTTu ooTipoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He skipped town</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> move lightly and quickly; move by springing or hopping first on one foot, then on the other; frolic<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After his leg healed, he was skipping and hopping around like he'd never been injured</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kudiccu vezeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> leap lightly about<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Those dancers were skipping all over the stage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>skip (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTiTu)</font> 4 tr + ~vi88u~ <br> flee; leave, run away from, as a place, a town, a country, etc.; skip town; fly the coop; abscond<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu kaTattalkaarangaLum naaTTe viTTee ooTiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Those two smugglers skipped out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>skirt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti poo)</font> 3b tr <br> move or pass around rather than across or through; go around the edge of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelipooTTirundadanaale vayale sutti poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Because there was a hedge, they had to skirt (around the edge of) the field</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> evade or elude (as a topic of conversation) as by circumlocution; avoid direct mention of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade tavittu vaLenju poonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He skirted around (the topic)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTuttiru)</font> 7 intr <br> lie along from the border of, or surround: round; adjoin<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The river skirts the edge of the town</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slacken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become less vigorous, intense,firm, or severe<br> <br> <font size=+1>piTi taLandu pooha toTanginadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His hold [on things] seemed to be slackening</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> reduce the tension or tautness of; loosen<br> ??[...] <br> <font size=+1>??[...] piTiye taLattiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He slackened his hold on her arm</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meduvaakku)</font> slow down; become less energetic, active, firm,or strict; become less tense or taut: loosen<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After a while he slackened the pace, because we were not keeping up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(asaTTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> become less energetic, active; become indifferent<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His interest in things slackened, and he began to sleep more</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> slow down<br> <br> <font size=+1>veehatte korekka sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked us to slacken our pace</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 2b intr <br> abate; quench; become less severe or troublesome;<br> <br> <font size=+1>daahatte taNikka enakku taNNii veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I want water to slake my thirst</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 6b tr <br> quench or satisfy<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNiye maTa maTaNNu kuTiccu daahatte taNiccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>After he had gulped down the water, he had slaked his thirst</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slam</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moodi are)</font> 3b tr <br> throw s.o. forcefully against s.t.; seize s.o. and bump him against s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTe ediriye piTiccu sovattu meele moodi arenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He grasped his opponent and slammed him against the wall.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paLaarNNu aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> shut forcefully and loudly<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadave paLaarNNu aTeccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He slammed the door loudly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oongi aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hit or strike with great force; pound<br> <br> <font size=+1>meese meele kayye oongi aTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He slammed his hand down on the table</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(toppNNu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put down with force; smash down<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahatte toppNNu meese meele vaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He slammed the book down on the table</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slander</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLangam uNTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> stigmatize; defame; speak falsely about s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattirihe naTihar meele kaLangam uNTaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The magazine slandered the actor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> slander; make malicious statements; caluminate; (inf.) badmouth; defame, blacken the name of, libel, cast aspersions on, malign, vilify, verbally abuse, muckrake about, smear, slur, backbite, dispara<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>enne een ippaTi tuutti vaccirukkee?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why have you slandered me like this?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nindane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> revile; abuse; slander<br> <br> <font size=+1>seydittaaLunga eppoodum arasiyalvaadingaLe nindane seyyum</font><br> <font size=+1>News reports always slander politicians</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veTeppaa sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> cast aspersions on s.o.; bad-mouth<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>on naNbane patti nii een ippaTi viTeppaa sollare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you slandering your friend like this?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(seette vaari ere)</font> 6b intr <br> ?drag s.o.'s name through the dirt; cast asperions on s.o.; spoil s.o.'s good name; destroy s.o.'s reputation<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii een avan meele seette vaari erekkree?</font><br> <font size=+1>?? Why are you dragging [his name} through the dirt like this?</font><br> 1) (avaduuru peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saandiru)</font> 7 intr <br> incline obliquely; lean to one side; slope, tilt, be askew, lean, dip, shelve, list<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Leaning Tower of Pisa slants at a strange angle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiriccu kaaTTu)</font> present so as to conform to a particular bias; turn news, information etc. on a biased plane; skew<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He always slants the news reports in favor of the President</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saaya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> impart an oblique direction to<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>If you slant the shade a little, it will keep the sun out of my eyes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are)</font> 2b tr <br> hit s.o. with the flat of the hand; give a blow, spank<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava taangaada koovattule tan kaNavane oongi arenjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>In uncontrollable anger, she slapped her husband really hard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(are)</font> 2b tr <br> strike with the flat of the hand; give an open-handed blow<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappu senja maaNavane vaattiyaaru oongi kannattule arenjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>the teacher hauled off and slapped the student who misbehaved in school</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paLaarNNu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> put with a slapping sound; strike s.t. with a large flat object<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade paLaarNNu meese meele vaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He slapped [the newspaper] down on the table</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTikkuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> strike s.o. or s.t. with the open hand, esp. in affection; engage in backslapping<br> <br> <font size=+1>muduhile taTTikkuTuttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He slapped him on the back</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiru)</font> 3 tr <br> cut, carve, scratch<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava nahattaala enne kiiriTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She slashed me with her fingernails</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> curtail or reduce drastically, esp. prices<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I wish that instead of raising oil prices constantly, they'd slash them once in a while!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> make a gash or gashes in; cut, stab<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Those hooligans went around slashing tires on cars</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> lash, cut, or stab violently with sweeping strokes<br> <br> <font size=+1>avare arivaaLaale veTTi tappiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They slashed him with machetes and escaped</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTi eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> form by cutting with vicious, sweeping strokes<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They had to slash their way through the jungle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slaughter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ereccikkaa veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> kill animals for food<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Have you ever taken part in slaughtering animals?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> kill in large numbers; kill violently or brutally<br> j <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaalattile miruhangaLe veTTittaLLradu romba sahajamaana sambavam</font><br> <font size=+1>It was normal practice in the old days to slaugher animals just for the sake of killing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTime veele seyyi@(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> perform menial work; toil, drudge, slog, labor, grind, work o's fingers to the bone, work day and night, work like a Trojan. <br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga enna aTime veele seyya porandavangaLaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Are we born to slave and toil?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTaa oze)</font> 6b intr <br> work hard at s.t.<br> j ?<br> <font size=+1>maaTaa ozeccu enna prayoojanam?</font><br> <font size=+1>Whats the use of slaving away all day?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kollu)</font> 3c tr <br> kill violently or deliberately; murder<br> j <br> <font size=+1>raajakumaaran arakkane koNNuTTu vettiharamaa avanooTa naaTTukku tirumbinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The prince, having slain the ogre, returned victoriously to his country</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sleep</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be in the state of sleep or to fall asleep<br> <br> <font size=+1>asandu tuunguraan, paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how deeply he is sleeping</font><br> 1) (orangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNu muuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> fall asleep; close the eyes; be in a condition resembling sleep, as hibernation, dormancy or death<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After tossing and turning for hours, I finally slept</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 6 intr <br> provide with accommodations for sleeping<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTukkradukku eTam tuungaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I need a place to sleep</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTuttiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be in a reclining position; be stretched out, asleep<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru ruumle paTuttirundaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He was sleeping in one of the rooms</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTi eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> cut or remove from a large piece<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru tuNTe veTTi eTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Slice off a chunk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cut thinly or cleanly<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazatte reNTaa veTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sliced the fruit in half</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(narukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cut through or across with or as if with a knife; dice<br> <br> <font size=+1>kattirikkaaye poTippoTiyaa narukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should slice the brinjal into small pieces</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazavazappaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make smooth, glossy or oily<br> <br> <font size=+1>eNNe teeccu muTiye vazavaza paakkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I slicked down my hair with oil</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slide</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> move s.t. along a smooth surface, especially downwards, while maintaining continuous contact with it; make s.t. slip, skid, slither, skate<br> <br> <font size=+1>muuTTengaLe sariya senjaa nahattaradu leesaa aagum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will be easier to move the bags if you slide them along</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sariya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to slope; cause to incline downward<br> <br> <font size=+1>male uccileerundu paarengaLe sariya senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I made the rocks slide down from up on the mountain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sari)</font> 2b intr <br> slope down; fall down (as prices); slither<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNal kiize sarinju vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sand slid down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvi vizu)</font> 3 intr <br> move accidentally out of place, slip and fall<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??kaylerundu nazuvi taNNiile vizundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It slid from his hand and fell into the water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vazukku)</font> 3 intr <br> coast or move out of control on a slippery surface, such as ice or snow<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He felt himself slide down the icy road</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(sarukku)</font> 3 intr <br> move over or down a surface while maintaining smooth, continuous contact<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He likes to slide down the slippery slopes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slight</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avamadi)</font> 6b tr <br> deride; disdain; reproach; (show) disrespect (to/for); scorn, show contempt for, spurn, reject, refuse, rebuff, disregard, sneer at, belittle, undervalue, despise, look down on; (inf.) pooh-pooh,<br> <br> <font size=+1>periyavangaLe avamadikkakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not slight your elders</font><br> 1) (izivaa karudu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mariyaade korevaa naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat with discourteous reserve or inattention; give inadequate attention to<br> ?? ( f )<br> <font size=+1>??tanne mariyaade korevaa naTattunangaNNu koreppaTTaan [appaa?]</font><br> <font size=+1>He felt slighted when he was ignored by his father</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slim down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(melinjupoo)</font> 4 intr <br> grow lean; become worn-out or weak; lose weight or strength; become thinner/slimmer, thin down, reduce<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleej poonadukkappuram avan melinjupooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has slimmed down after going to college.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sling</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> project with a sling; toss, fling, throw, cast, hurl, heave, pitch, lob; (inf.) chuck. <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>?? David was famous for killing the giant Goliath by slinging a stone that hit him in the forehead</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> move in a stealthy, guilty or sneaking manner, as a cat, a skunk, or fox might; come or go unobtrusively or furtively; move or sneak away inconspicuously as if ashamed, embarrassed, timid, or guilty<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The fox came slinking through the bracken, almost unseen</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarukki vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> slide unexpectedly and by accident<br> <br> <font size=+1>oruttaru sarukki vizunduTTaa poodum</font><br> <font size=+1>All it takes is for someone to accidentally fall</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> move suddenly and quietly, glide<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazam kaylerundu nazuvi vizunduTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fruit slipped out of his hand and fell</font><br> 1) (vazukku) 3 intr<br> 2) (padungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nuzeyappaNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to move in a smooth, easy or sliding motion<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He slipped the key under the door</font><br> 1) (padungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(noze)</font> 2b tr <br> place or insert smoothly and quietly<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??kaTidatte poTTiyle nozendu meduvaa pooyTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He slipped the letter into the box and disappeared silently</font><br> 1) (padungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(korenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> decline in physical or mental ability, strength,or keenness<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His strength seems to be slipping away, day by day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> decline, fall off<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The quality of the products is beginning to slip</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvi viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get loose from<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He slipped his bonds and escaped</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(noze)</font> 2b intr <br> enter quietly; sneak in<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaarukkum teriyaama uLLe nozenjuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He slipped in without anybody noticing</font><br> 1) (padungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(seruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> insert<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade paakkattule seruhikkoNTu porappaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>??I inserted it into the [?] and left</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(kayyi tavaru)</font> 3 intr <br> fall from o's grasp<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It slipped from my grasp and fell into the lake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(tappiyTu)</font> 1 intr <br> escape, as from a grip; get away from confinement<br> <br> <font size=+1>piTiylerundu tappiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He managed to slip from our grasp</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(tappittukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get away completely<br> <br> <font size=+1>angeyrundu tappiccukkiTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He slipped away from there and escaped</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slip (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> leave quietly; sneak out<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaarTTeyum sollaama meduvaa nazuvi viTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He slipped out without telling anyone</font><br> 1) (nazuvi viTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slip back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> get worse, return to a bad state<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan nele moosamaayTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His situation has slipped back</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slip off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazattu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove clothing in a hurry; shuck off; undress quickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNiye kazatti aattule kudiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He slipped off his clothes and jumped into the water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruvi eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> remove<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slip on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> put on clothing in a hurry<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??avasara avasaramaa saTTeye maaTTikkiTTuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He slipped on his shirt in two seconds flat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiru)</font> 3 tr <br> make a long narrow incision in; cut lengthwise into strips: split<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor slit open the incision and removed the tumor</font><br> 1) (veTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slither</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuru)</font> 2 intr <br> creep; move slowly; crawl, writhe; slide, slip, glide, wriggle<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambu uundu poora uyirinattooTa oru udaaranam</font><br> <font size=+1>Snakes are examples of living things that move around by slithering</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paambu poola uunu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move sinuously like a snake; move along the ground in the manner of reptiles, insects, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambu poola uunu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He slithered along like a snake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sarukki taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> slip and slide, as on a loose uneven surface<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>There was so much gravel I started to slither and slide</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slog</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTappaTTu oze)</font> 6b intr <br> work diligently for long hours; slave away; toil; do dirty work<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu kashTappaTTu ozeccum kayyle paNam ille</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how much you toil and slog, in the end you're empty-handed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaraTi)</font> 6b tr <br> work hard or struggle hard with (a piece of work or drudgery)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??summaa maaraTiccuTTirukkeen, inda veeleye seyradukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm just slogging along, trying to get through this.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slog along, through</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTaa veruppaa veele seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> perform a distasteful task unwillingly<br> .<br> <font size=+1>veeNTaa veruppaa anda veele seyyaNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>Just slog your way through it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slope</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sarivaakku)</font> 3at <br> cause to be inclined, as a road, a roof, a surface, etc.; bring down<br> <font size=+1>If you slope the roof line more, the rain will run off better</font><br> 1) (sariya seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sarinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> incline upward or downward; assume a sloping angle<br> <font size=+1>The hill slopes down to the sea, so it's quite beautiful</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slouch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 2b intr <br> bend down; decline; slant downward; stand, sit or loll around in a lazy, drooping way<br> !<br> <font size=+1>saayaama nimindu okkaandu paTi!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't slouch! sit up straight when you study!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuni naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk bent down; move in a drooping, ungainly fashion<br> !<br> <font size=+1>kuunaama nimindu naTa!</font><br> <font size=+1>Walk straight instead of slouching!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slouch about/around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(olaattu)</font> 3 intr <br> move slowly or aimlessly; wander about without any purpose<br> . <br> <font size=+1>ennooTe taattaavukku oru veeleyum ille. eppavum ingeeyum angeeyumaa varandaavule olaattikkiTTeeyiruppaar</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather doesn't have a job; he just slouches around on the veranda all day long</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slough</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toole uriccuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> shed or cast off the dead outer skin<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambu toole uriccuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>snakes slough off their old skin</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veehatte kore)</font> 6b intr <br> reduce speed, delay<br> !<br> <font size=+1>veehatte kore!</font><br> <font size=+1>Slow down!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slug</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mushTiyaale oongi aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He slugged the player on the other team in the face and broke his nose</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slump</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> decline suddenly; go down; collapse<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze illaadadanaale teengaa vele tiTiirNNu erangiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The lack of rain has resulted in coconut prices slumping</font><br> 1) (kore) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(potteNNu vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall or sink suddenly; collapse<br> <br> <font size=+1>pottuNNu naarkaaliylerundu vizundTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He slumped from the chair [onto the floor] in a faint</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> pronounce indistinctly; mumble; twist words<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazuppi peesinaa eppaTi puriyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>If you slur your words, how will people understand you?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>slurp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urinju kuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> drink noisily or sloppily; eat or drink with a loud sucking sound<br> <br> <font size=+1>saasarle kaappiye koTTi ereccalaa urinji kuTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He slurped the coffee from the saucer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaye sappu)</font> 3 intr <br> make a sound by pressing together the lips and pulling them apart quickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>palahaaratte paattadum kodi taanga muTiyaama vaaye sappa toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He started smacking his lips in anticipation when he saw all the food</font><br> 1) (kodakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muttam kuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> kiss noisily<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paLaarNNu aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strike noisily, as a sharp blow or slap<br> <br> <font size=+1>kurumbu senjaa paLaarNNu aTippeenNNu meraTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He threatened to smack (the child) if he didn't behave himself</font><br> 1) (surukkuNNu aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> suggest, give an indication of; give a taste of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda ezuttu avan arpakkoNatte taan eTuttu kaaTTradu</font><br> <font size=+1>This letter smacks of meanness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>small, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukkamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be concise or short; be inadequate in size<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan vaangiya karciif ellaam surukkamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>All the handkerchiefs I bought are too small</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smaller, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(korenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become small, less or short; diminish; shrink<br> <br> <font size=+1>oTalpayirci seyradaale toppe korenju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My abdomen has become smaller since I've been exercising</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam nontu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> suffer acutely, as from mental distress, wounded feelings, or remorse<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa tiTTinadanaale manam nondu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's smarting from his father's scolding</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruttu)</font> 3 intr <br> have a sharp pain, as in the eye; sting, itch<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu naaLaa kaNNu uruttiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My eyes have been stinging and smarting for the past couple of days</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaandu)</font> 3 intr <br> feel a sharp, usually stinging pain<br> <br> <font size=+1>pacce moLahu paTTu kay kaandradu</font><br> <font size=+1>My hands are smarting from handling the hot peppers</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smarten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minukki koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> improve in appearance or style; become more neat and attractive; primp, (inf.) gussy o.s. up<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLukku minukkik koLradukkut taan neeram</font><br> <font size=+1>She spends all her time trying to smarten herself up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sedara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> destroy; cause to break into pieces and scatter<br> <br> <font size=+1>adircciyle naan ennooTe kiNNatte tareyle erinju sedare senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>In shock, I dropped my bowl and smashed it to smithereens</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(norungu)</font> 3 intr <br> break to pieces suddenly, noisily, and violently, as by falling; bring or come to sudden or complete destruction, defeat, or disaster; shatter<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiize pooTTadule murukku norungiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The murukku [fried snack] smashed into little pieces when I dropped them</font><br> 1) (oTe) 2b intr<br> 2) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> butt (up/against), crash into<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda reNTu bassum oNNukkoNNu edureduraa muTTi moodikkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>the two buses smashed right into each other, head-on</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nasungi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get crushed, mashed, crunched<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadavle ahappaTTu veral nasungi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I got my finger smashed in the door</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nasukku)</font> 3 tr <br> crush or destroy utterly<br> <br> <font size=+1>kosuve oru aTi aTiccu nasukkiiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He smashed the mosquito with a swing of the flyswatter</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(norukku)</font> 3 tr <br> break s.t. into pieces; shatter, crush, destroy<br> <br> <font size=+1>elumbeyellaam norukkippooTuveenNu meraTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He threatened to smash s.o.'s bones</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(sedaru)</font> 3 intr <br> be broken up and scattered around; be strewn with broken pieces of s.t.; smash to smithereens<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTura rayileerundu kudiccaa tale sedariTum</font><br> <font size=+1>if you jump from a moving train, you'll smash your head to smithereens</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(oTiccu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> strike with a heavy blow; batter, break, destroy, crush; demolish, knock down, pull down, tear down, level, raze, fell, dismantle, wreck, smash, shatter, crash, blow up, blow to bits, explode, annihil<br> j <br> <font size=+1>janakkuuTTam ruumlerunda naarkaaliyeyellaam oTiccuppooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The crowd smashed all the chairs in the room</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> daub, anoint, paint, apply, cover with; besmirch<br> <br> <font size=+1>pongal aNekki maaTungaLukku varNam puusuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>On the Pongal holiday they smear the cows' horns with bright colors</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teeyi)</font> 6b tr <br> apply, anoint, spread<br> <br> <font size=+1>sandaNatte nettiyle teeccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He smeared the sandalwood paste on his forehead</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> spread or daub with a wet, viscous, sticky, greasy or dirty substance<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande saayatte mohattule puusiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child smeared the paint all over his face</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(mozuhu)</font> 3 tr <br> spread or cover a surface with a paste<br> <br> <font size=+1>tareye saaNiyaale mozuhuradu vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's customary [in villages] to smear cowdung on the floor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(peere keTu)</font> 6 intr <br> attempt to destroy the reputation of; vilify, usu. with lies, rumors, innuendo, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>edittu nikkravanga peere keTuttaa teerdalle jeyikkamuTiyumNu sele arasiyal vaadi namburaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some politicians think that they can win the election by smearing their opponents</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be soiled, covered with s.t.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>tuNiyellaam maNNu paTTirukkee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Your clothes are smeared with mud!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavu)</font> 3 tr <br> apply, anoint; spread or rub on ointments, salves etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaayam paTTadanaale ammaa ennooTe kaalle marundu taTavunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Because the wound was painful, my mother smeared ointment on my leg</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smeared, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meyappiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be splotched with ink, as of writing, etc.; be greasy, streaked, smudged, marked, soiled, dirty; (inf.) be splotched,<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda azahaana paTattu meele sela pookkiri pasanga meyappiyirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>That beautiful picture got ink smeared all over it by some rowdy boys</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moharu)</font> 2 tr <br> perceive the scent of by means of the olfactory nerves; sniff s.t.; inhale the vapors of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puuve mohandu paaruNNu sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked me to smell the flower</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oNaru)</font> sense the presence of by or as if by the olfactory nerves; detect; perceive<br> <br> <font size=+1>miruhangaLukku bayatte oNaruhira turaaNi uNTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Animals are thought to be able to smell fear</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mooppam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> use the sense of smell; perceive the scent of s.t.; sniff out<br> <br> <font size=+1>naay mooppam piTiccu tan saappaaTTe kaNTupiTiccuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog smelled his way to his food</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maNa)</font> 7 intr <br> have a pleasant smell; exude an agreeable fragrance<br> <br> <font size=+1>piccippuu nallaa maNakkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The jasmine smells nice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(maNattu kiTTiru)</font> 3 intr <br> emit a pleasant odor;<br> <br> <font size=+1>suruTTu viiccam ange maNattuTTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The place smelled of tobacco</font><br> 1) (vaasane ezuppu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(naaru)</font> 3 intr <br> have an unpleasant odor; stink, reek<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puu naarudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This flower smells awful</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(naattam aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> emit an unpleasant odor, reek, stink<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the homes were flooded for days, they smelled just terrible</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smile</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muruvali)</font> 6b intr <br> laugh quietly, without showing the teeth; form a smile; chuckle, snicker<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane paattadum, ava muruvaLiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as she saw him, she smiled.</font><br> 1) (punnakai puri) 2b intr<br> 2) (eLanjcirippu siri) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B>6b intr <br> communicate or indicate by means of a smile<br> <br> <font size=+1>~no spoken equivalend~</font><br> <font size=+1>He smiled his thanks</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smirk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iLi)</font> 6b intr <br> smile in a self-conscious way; smile in a knowing or simpering way, or in a gloating manner<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??edukaaha nii iLikkree?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you smirking about?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poke)</font> 6b intr <br> emit smoke or a smoke-like substance<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiye nallaa muuTTaaTTaa adu pohenjuTTee irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't light the fire properly it will continue to smoke</font><br> 1) (pokaippi) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pohe ezuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> emit too much smoke<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The old coal burning locomotives smoked like a chimney</font><br> 1) (pokaippi) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sigareTTu kuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> smoke a cigarette; use or consume tobacco, esp. habitually<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sigareTTu kuTikkra pazakkatte viTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has quit smoking</font><br> 1) (pohe piTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smoke (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pohe pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> fumigate, e.g. a house; discover the whereabouts of s.o. and induce them to surrender<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The rebels were holed up in the barn, but the police smoked them out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smolder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erinju kiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> burn with little smoke and low flame; burn at a low heat without detection<br> <br> <font size=+1>raattiri muzusum kuure erinjuTTirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fire in the roof smoldered all night</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puzungu)</font> 3 intr <br> exist in a suppressed state, as emotions; burn at a low heat without detection<br> <br> <font size=+1>oNNum sollamuTiyaame puzungiiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was smoldering with anger because he wasn't allowed to say anything</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kumuru)</font> 3 intr <br> manifest repressed anger, hatred, or other strong emotions<br> <br> <font size=+1>kumurikkoNTuvanda koobatte aTakkiiTTu nedaanamaa peesattoTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He began to speak calmly, suppressing his smoldering rage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smooth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samamaTTamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make level<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The construction crews smoothed the surface so the houses could be rebuilt</font><br> 1) (paLapaLappaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(samaadaanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make calm, soothe, mollify; restore peace and harmony<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was good at smoothing ruffled feathers when other people got into fights</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) d </B> <font size=+1>(oppandam paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> rid of obstructions, hindrances, or difficulties; remove barriers; make a level playing field<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to smooth away some of the difficulties people have getting a good education</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> spread evenly<br> <br> <font size=+1>azahaa maave toosekkal meele parappinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She smoothed the batter on the griddle with a flourish</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smother</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> overdo; kill with kindness; suffocate; extinguish<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You mustn't smother the children with kindness when what they need is tough love</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muuccu teNara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> suffocate; impede breathing so as to cause death<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kadeyle oru pollaadavan tan maneviye muuccu teNaraveccu koNNuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>In this story a horrible man smothered his wife, causing her death</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe)</font> 6b tr <br> deprive (a fire) of the oxygen necessary for combustion; extinguish or put out; quench<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Before you leave the camp ground, be sure to smother all fires</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> conceal, suppress; keep under cover; crush, quell, squash, stamp out, extinguish, put out, crack down on, clamp down on<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I had to smother the urge to giggle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((meele) parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> cover a foodstuff thickly with another foodstuff<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He likes his idlis smothered with sambar</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smudge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make dirty; smear with dust or ink<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The chimneys of kerosene lamps get all smudged with smoke and have to be cleaned often</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> smear, be messed up, blurred<br> <br> <font size=+1>azudu azudu kaNmashiyellaam kalenju pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her eye makeup got smudged as a result of crying</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mangi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be blurred, be unclear<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't read this letter, the words appear smudged</font><br> 1) (puucu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> smear, make unclear or blurry; make dirty<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>smuggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTattippoo)</font> 3b tr <br> transport illegally, abduct; kidnap, carry off;<br> <br> <font size=+1>tamiznaaTTulerundu tiruTTuttanamaa arisi keeraLaavukku kaTattikiTTu poohappaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Rice is being smuggled out of Tamilnadu into Kerala</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring in or take out illicitly or secretly<br> j <br> <font size=+1>candanakkaTTeye jiiple kaTatti vandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They used to smuggle sandalwood logs in their jeep</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLLaccarakkeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> import or export without paying lawful customs charges or duties<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paNamellaam kaLLaccarakkeetti sambaadiccadudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He made his money through smuggling</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(palahaaram saappiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> eat a light meal; eat between meals<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We won't have time for a complete meal before the movie; let's just snack beforehand</font><br> 1) (kaappi saappiTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get caught or hooked, as a dress on a twig, etc.<br> <font size=+1>My sleeve snagged on the doorknob, and it almost got torn off</font><br> 1) (ahappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> become caught or trapped; get hooked on s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vale paareye maaTTiiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The net got snagged in the rocks</font><br> 1) (ahappaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uusiyle nuul nozeradu poola poo)</font> 2 intr <br> make o's way into or through a crowd; thread s.t. or o's way into and through a tight space; slither<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu periya kuuTTattuleyum uusiyile nuul nozeyradu poola nozenci oru vaziyaa munnukku pooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He slithered and snaked his way through the crowd until he reached the front</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTi)</font> 6b tr <br> break by cutting; snip<br> <br> <font size=+1>tandi kambunga poyalle tuNTikka paTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The telegram wires got snapped in the storm.</font><br> 1) (neri) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 2 intr <br> break off, sever; become detached<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyalle marattooTa oru keLe murinjuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the storm a branch of the tree snapped off.</font><br> 1) (oTi) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aru)</font> 6 tr <br> break a string or thread by snapping; cut, as a cake, etc.; saw, as wood, etc.; break the neck<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava tannooTa maaleye aruttuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She broke off her necklace [by snapping the string]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 2 intr <br> break suddenly with a brisk, sharp, cracking sound<br> <br> <font size=+1>kucci murinju pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The twig snapped</font><br> 1) (oTi) </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(muri)</font> 6b tr <br> break suddenly; detach by breaking<br> <br> <font size=+1>kucciye marattilerundu muriccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He snapped the twig from the tree</font><br> 1) (oTi) </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(arundu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> give way abruptly under pressure or tension<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When she learned of her child's death, she just snapped</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(aru)</font> 2 intr <br> break cleanly or suddenly, as a rope<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(noTi)</font> 6b intr <br> make a noise with the fingers by pressing one against another; snap o's fingers<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to get the waiter's attention by snapping his fingers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLLuNNu vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> speak sharply and abruptly; speak curtly or impatiently, without prior consideration of the effect<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When she gets overworked she has a tendency to snap at people</font><br> 1) / (veTukkeNNu peesu/keeLu) 3intr/5 intr<br> 2) (veTuveTuppaa peesu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snap (fingers)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soTakku)</font> 3 intr <br> make a snapping noise with a finger; summon s.o. by snapping the fingers<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNNeyaar kaiye soTakkinaa veeleyaaLunga avar munnaale nippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>If the landlord snaps a finger, his servants immediately appear before him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snap at s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> shout angrily, answer sharply or angrily; scream with rage; bite s.o.'s head off<br> . <br> <font size=+1>appaa neettu romba koovamaa kattinaaru. eenNNu teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>My father shouted at me very angrily yesterday; I don't know why</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNi veccu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> trap with a snare<br> <br> <font size=+1>moyale kaNNi veccu piTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He snared the rabbit</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> get trapped, caught; get snagged<br> <br> <font size=+1>moyal poriyle maaTTiiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rabbit got snared in the trap</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTa vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> entrap the unwary; catch and hold; ensnare<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>A war not of our own making has snared us, and we can't seem to escape it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snarl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiru)</font> 3 intr <br> growl viciously while baring the teeth; say s.t. in an angry, bad-tempered voice<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaLLu naay siiri vandadep paattatum ooTTam piTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He took to his heels when he saw the stray dog coming towards him, snarling</font><br> 1) (urumu) 3 intr<br> 2) (urumu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siiri vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> speak harshly, angrily or threateningly<br> <br> <font size=+1>nidaanamaa badil solaama siiri vizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He snarled at me instead of replying calmly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sikki koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> become confused, impeded, or tangled<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTTam marakkoppiyle sikkiiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The kite got snarled in the branches</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ?</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> become entangled, impeded, or held up, as a plan, a scheme, a strategy<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His plan to end the war quickly got snarled on the refugee issue</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snatch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLavu, kavvu)</font> 3 tr <br> seize or grab with the mouth etc.; hold or pick up s.t. with mouth, teeth, or beak;<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>naayi elumbe veere oru naayiyooTa vaayleendu kavvikiTTu ooTipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog snatched the bone from the other dog and ran off with it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavvu)</font> 6 tr <br> seize with mouth, teeth or beak; pounce upon; grab quickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>naayi elumbe veere oru naayiyooTa vaayleendu kavvikiTTu ooTipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>the dog snatched the bone from the mouth of the other dog and ran away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kay pattu)</font> 3 tr <br> take eagerly, avail o.s. of s.t.; snap up; grab at<br> <br> <font size=+1>sandarppatte kayppatti avarTTe kaTan keeTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He snatched at the opportunity and asked him for a loan</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pari)</font> 6b tr <br> seize illicitly; grab, steal<br> <br> <font size=+1>pombiLLeeTTirundu sangili paricca aasaamihaLe pooliiskaaranga kaydu senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police arrested the men who had been snatching necklaces from women</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTippari)</font> 6b tr <br> seize from s.o.'s grasp; take possession of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pande taTTippariccuTTu ooTTam piTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He snatched the ball and ran off</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kavvu)</font> 3 tr <br> grasp suddenly and eagerly (of animals); grasp or seize with the teeth<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>naayi elumbe kavvi ooTi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog snatched the bone and ran away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> grasp hastily or suddenly<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayyilerundu pazatte piTungiiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>He snatched the fruit from my hand as I was about to eat it</font><br> 1) (paRi) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snatch (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kottu)</font> 3 tr <br> grasp suddenly and eagerly (of birds)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The bird snatched the seed from the ground and flew off with it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snatch back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kay pattu)</font> 3 tr <br> seize, grab, catch hold of, bag, take back<br> . . . <br> <font size=+1>poona teertalle ezanda eTatte inda teertalle ti.mu.ka. kaippattiTicci</font><br> <font size=+1>This time the DMK party snatched back the seat that it had lost in the last election</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sneak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ b~</B> <font size=+1>(kaNNle paTaama @Vb@)</font> move quietly and stealthily, without attracting attention; creep, slink, steal, slip, slide, sidle, edge, move furtively, tiptoe, pussyfoot, pad, prowl<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaar kaNNleyum paTaama uLLe nozenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Unnoticed, he sneaked into the room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~ b~</B> <font size=+1>(tiruTTuttanamaa @Vb@)</font> move, give, take or put in a quiet, stealthy way<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The M.P's managed to sneak some language into the law that exempted them from certain consequences</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruTu)</font> 3 tr <br> pilfer, steal in small quantities or repetitively; (inf.) pinch, snitch<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They've been sneaking office supplies out of the building and taking them home</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sneak a look/peek</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruTTanamaa paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> take a quick or unauthorized look at s.t.; get a preview of s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Before the new models came out I was able to sneak a peek at one</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sneer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avamadi)</font> 6b intr <br> express contempt; curl o's lip, smirk, snicker, snigger; disparage, look down on, smile contemptuously<br> ?? ...<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to propose a solution, but he just sneered at it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTam taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> discredit; scoff at, discount; dismiss with disdain, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan sonna aaloosanaye maTTamtaTTi peesinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They sneered at all the suggestions I made</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sneer (at)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTe)</font> 6b intr <br> become antagonistic, opposed to; turn up the nose at s.t.; look disparagingly at<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onnooTa muukkukku pakkattule een veTeccirukkudu?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's bothering you and making you sneer at things like that?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sneeze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tummu)</font> 3 intr <br> expel air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic, involuntary action, resulting from irritation of the mucous membranes<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru maasamaa tummiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I've been sneezing constantly for a month now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snicker</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kokkari)</font> 6b intr <br> utter a stifled, smothered, or half-suppressed laugh; snigger, sneer, smirk, titter, giggle, chortle<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When he attempted his imitations of rap, the audience just snickered</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sniff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mohandu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> smell; draw in air through the nose so as to perceive odors<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>As you go through life, pause to sniff the flowers</font><br> 1) (mooppam piTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> express disdain through an audible intake of breath; reject or dismiss s.t. out of hand, without words; turn up the nose at, sneer at<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When I offered them a place to stay, they just sniffed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sniff out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> suspect or detect as if by smelling or by noticing signs; track down; suss out<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayangaravaadiha oLiccirunda eTatte pooliisu kaNTupiTiccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police were able to sniff out the terrorists' hiding place</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sniffle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muukkuri)</font> 2b intr <br> breathe audibly through the congested nose; draw in air repeatedly and noisily; snort<br> <br> <font size=+1>muukkuriyradu mariyaade keTTa kaariyam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's bad manners to sniffle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(visumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> whimper lightly with spasmodic sniffling, snivel<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande poole visumbi visumbi azudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been sniffling like a child</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snigger</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uLLukkuL siri)</font> 6b intr <br> laugh in a suppressed way; snicker; giggle<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peeccekkeeTTu uLLukkuLLe siriccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They couldn't help sniggering when they heard him ramble on and on</font><br> 1) (~no spoken form~) 6b intr<br> 2) (parihaasi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattari)</font> 6b tr <br> cut, clip or separate in a short, quick stroke with scissors or shears; cut or slice into small pieces<br> <br> <font size=+1>peepparlerunda veLambaratte kattariccu eTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I snipped the advertisement out of the newspaper</font><br> 1) (veTTi eTu) 6 tr<br> 2) (tuNTutuNTaa veTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> pinch with fingers; pluck, nip; pinch back<br> <br> <font size=+1>moTTe kiLLiyeTuttuTTaa nereya puu puukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you snip off the bud, the plant will produce plenty of flowers</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snipe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suTu)</font> 4 intr <br> shoot at individuals from a concealed place<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>There are people sniping from tall buildings now in the war zone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> make malicious, underhand remarks or attacks<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He's been sniping at her for months now, every time she opens her mouth</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snitch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooz sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> carry tales; repeat rumors, falsehoods; reveal secrets<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I had hoped that nobody had heard about it, but then somebody snitched to the newspapers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> to tell on s.o; corner a person; get s.o. caught; rat on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTe tangeye aasiriyarooTe maaTTiviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He snitched on his sister to the teacher.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snivel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siNungu)</font> 3 intr <br> complain or whine tearfully; sniffle, snuffle, whimper, whine, weep, cry; Scottish greet; (inf.) blubber; (Brit. inf.) grizzle<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He dismissed his opponent as a 'sniveling little rat'</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muukku vazi)</font> 2b intr <br> run at the nose<br> <br> <font size=+1>on muukku vaziyirade paakka sahikkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't stand the sight of your constant snivelling</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snoop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taleyiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> pry into the business of others; spy on others; stick o's nose into things; poke around<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarukku kaariyattileeyum taleyiTradu avanukku pazakkamaa pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He has gotten into the habit of snooping into everybody's affairs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snooze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTi tuukkam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> take a light nap; cat nap; sleep lightly, drowze, doze<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTTittuukkam pooTraan poolirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He's not sleeping, but he does seem to be snoozing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snore</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koraTTe viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> breathe through the nose and mouth noisily while sleeping<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan koraTTeviTradu viiTu muzusum keekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>His snoring can be heard all over the house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(serumu)</font> 3 intr <br> breathe noisily and forcefully through the nostrils, as horses, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When a horse snorts it sometimes scares you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(siirikkoTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> make an abrupt noise expressing scorn, ridicule, contempt or disapproval; sneer at; look down on, disparage; bad-mouth<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Anything I propose, he just snorts and sneers at</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pani peyyi)</font> 2b intr <br> fall as snow<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda varusham pani peyyavee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>It didn't snow at all this winter</font><br> 1) (uRepani vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snub</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teriyaada maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> pretend not to know s.o.; refuse to acknowledge, ignore s.o.; slight by ignoring or behaving coldly toward; ignore or spurn disdainfully; rebuff or humiliate with sharp words or a marked lack of cord<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne paattu oNNum teriyaadamaadiri irundaanee</font><br> <font size=+1>He just snubbed me as if he had no idea who I was!</font><br> 1) (avamadi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>del: snub</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avamadi)</font> 6b tr <br> slight by ignoring or behaving coldly toward; ignore or spurn disdainfully; rebuff or humiliate with sharp words or a marked lack of cordiality; dismiss, turn down, or frustrate the expectations of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When he put out his hand she just snubbed him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snuff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uri)</font> 2b tr <br> inhale through the nose; ingest by sniffing; snort, sniff<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Snuffing inhalants and snorting drugs has become a serious problem among disaffected teenagers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muukkuppoTi pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> inhale snuff<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Snuffing snuff is now almost unheard of, but chewing tobacco is still considered macho</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snuff (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNeccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> extinguish, as a candle or lamp<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Before retiring, you need to snuff all the candles</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snuff (out), be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> come to a sudden end<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His life was snuffed out before he had a chance to accomplish much</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snuffle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuNuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> breathe noisily, as through a blocked nose; sniffle, snort<br> <br> <font size=+1>muukkaTeccu avasteppaTTu naaL puuraavum kuNuhikkiTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's been sniffling and snuffling all day because of nasal congestion</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snug, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakkamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be tight; fit snugly or tightly; be minimally sufficient in terms of space<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaiyure kaikki aTakkamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This glove fits my hand very snugly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snuggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> lie or press close together for warmth or affection<br> <br> <font size=+1>puunekkuTTiha oNNukkoNNu oTTikkiTTu paTuttirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The kittens snuggled together in a heap</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>snuggle (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oNTu)</font> 3 intr <br> draw close as for comfort<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande ammaaTTe oNTikkoNTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child snuggled up against its mother</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>so-so, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sumaaraa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be moderate; be fair-to-middling; be average in amount, intensity, quality, or degree; be neither good nor bad<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda poNNu sumaaraa irundaa avvaLavu azahaa ille</font><br> <font size=+1>That girl was not beautiful, just so-so.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuravayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> immerse in (water, etc.); get fully soaked; steep; drench<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTeye ellaam taNNiile uuravayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Soak all the shirts in water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uuravayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> immerse in liquid; let soak s.t. (in water, in a solution, etc.)<br> <font size=+1>He soaked the shirt in water, but the bloodstain wouldn't come out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muzuka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> immerse in liquid; make completely wet; drench<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaale muzuha veccukkonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Be sure to soak your feet completely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(sodasodattiru)</font> 7 intr <br> penetrate or permeate deeply; be drenched<br> <br> <font size=+1>tare sodasodattirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ground was thoroughly soaked</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(uura vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> immerse in liquid for a time so as to alter the consistency; make or become thoroughly wet through saturation with or in liquid.<br> <br> <font size=+1>arisiye uura vekka marakkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't forget to soak the rice before cooking</font><br> 1) (uuru) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soak (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uri)</font> 2b tr <br> absorb liquid through pores or interstices<br> <br> <font size=+1>varaNTu keTanda nelam maze taNNiyeyellaam urinjuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The parched earth soaked up all the rain water</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soaked, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be thoroughly soaked or steeped; be dripping wet<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTale uuriTiccu inimee ade naama samekkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>The beans have gotten thoroughly soaked, now we can cook them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soaked, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nane)</font> 2b intr <br> become thoroughly wet; be or become drenched<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTeyillaama mazeyle ahappaTTu nallaa nanenjuTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We got thoroughly soaked because we were caught in the rain without umbrellas</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sooppu teeyy)</font> 6b intr/4 intr <br> clean or treat with soap<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayye nallaa sooppu teeccu kazuvu</font><br> <font size=+1>Soap your hands thoroughly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pongi ezumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> rise suddenly above the normal or accustomed level<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The price of gas has soared in recent months</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eeru)</font> 3 intr <br> rise or climb swiftly and powerfully<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze illaadadanaale vele eerikkoNTu pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Prices continued to soar because of the drought</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(osandu para)</font> 7 intr <br> rise, fly or glide high and with little apparent effort<br> <br> <font size=+1>parundu ereye kavviTTu vaanattule osandu parandu pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The kite seized its prey and soared into the sky</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sob</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vimmu)</font> 3 intr <br> weep aloud; weep or cry noisily, making loud, convulsive gasps<br> <br> <font size=+1>mohatte muuTi vimma toTanginaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She covered her face and started sobbing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(visumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> weep with convulsive gasping; cry, shed tears, snivel, whimper; howl, bawl<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande poole visumbi visumbi azuda paakka sahikkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't bear the sight of her sobbing like a child</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sober (up), be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veri teLi)</font> 2b intr <br> be or become self-controlled, reasonable, level-headed, or rational; be free of the effects of alcohol, drugs etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veri teLinjadum viiTTukku porappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He started for home as soon as he had sobered up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>socialize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?? </B> <font size=+1>(pazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> ??participate in social activities; get along with or be friendly with various people<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??veelekkappram oravaaTe enakku neeramille</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't have the time to socialize after work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soft, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(menmeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be exquisite; be fine of delicate; be fragile<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaancipuram paTTungradunaale ivvaLavu menmeyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it is Kanchipuram silk, it is very fine and soft</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soft-soap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mohandudi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1tr <br> compliment insincerely; praise excessively; try to please by speech; flatter; butter s.o. up<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>avan enakku ais veccan (sooppu pooTTan)</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to soft-soap me, but I don't take to flattery</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soften</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become compassionate; c.f. relent<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After a while he softened his tone, and I realized I had gotten through to him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koze)</font> 6b tr <br> make mushy; mash<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When you make cakes, the recipe sometimes tells you to soften the butter first</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kani)</font> 7 intr <br> become soft, as fruit; become ripe<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazam kaniyattoTanginadum ade oru taTTiyle eTuttu vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Set the fruit out on a plate as soon as they begin to get ripe and soften</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(miruduvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make soft or softer<br> <br> <font size=+1>paruppe raattiri puuraavum uuraveccu miruduvaakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>The beans/pulses can be softened by soaking them overnight</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soften (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(masakku)</font> 3 intr <br> mollify; deceive with flattery; undermine the resistance of s.o.: alleviate, ease, relieve, soothe, take the edge off, assuage, cushion, moderate, mitigate, palliate, diminish, blunt, deaden. <br> <br> <font size=+1>avane masakki pattu ruuvaa kaTan vaanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He softened him up so that he could borrow ten rupees</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eNanga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> weaken the strength or resistance of by preliminary harassment; alleviate, ease, relieve, soothe, take the edge off, assuage, cushion, moderate, mitigate, palliate, diminish, blunt, deaden. <br> <br> <font size=+1>bayamurutti eNanga veccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They softened people up by scaring them first</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soggy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(namuttuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be saturated beyond the ability to hold moisture; lose texture, shape or form because of over-saturation; lose crispness, as biscuits, cookies, papadams, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>palahaaram namuttuppoohaama irukkaNumnaa ade jaaTiyile aTeccu vekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't want the snacks to get soggy they should be kept in a (covered) jar</font><br> 1) (namuttuTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seerukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make dirty, sully<br> !<br> <font size=+1>maNNule veleyaaNTu satteye seeraakkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't soil your shirt by playing in the mud!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peere keTu)</font> 6 intr <br> tarnish (e.g. o's reputation) by deeds or words<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan meele viiNpazi somatti avan peere keTukkappaattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They tried to soil his reputation by falsely accusing him of s.t.</font><br> 1) (azukkaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soiled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become dirty, stained or tarnished<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His reputation has become soiled through underhanded dealings</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>solicit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTikke teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> campaign for/drum up customers, business etc<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tenamum aaru maNi aanaa, foonle vyaabaaringa vaaTikke teraTTa aarambicciTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Every night, at six o' clock telemarketers call me trying to solicit my business</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTi keeLu)</font> 5 intr <br> try to obtain by entreaty or persuasion; ask for, beg, entreat, beseech<br> <br> <font size=+1>teerdalukku munnaale viiTu viiTaa eeri erangi tangaLe teendeTukka veeNTikkuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>(Politicians) go from door to door soliciting for votes before the elections</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>solidify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> be congealed; be solidified; crystallize; harden<br> <br> <font size=+1>paahu iruhinadukkappuram inippe seyyalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can make the dessert once the sugar syrup solidifies</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 2b intr <br> turn solid; harden; freeze<br> <br> <font size=+1>teengi irunda mazettaNNi panikkaTTiyaa orenju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain water has now solidified into ice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(palappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make united; strengthen<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to solidify our position by meeting the needs of the people</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>solve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> find a solution to<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadeyle vara marmattukku oru muTivu kaNTupiTikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You are supposed to solve the mystery in the story</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTe ezudu)</font> 3 intr <br> work out a correct solution to a problem, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNakkukku veTe ezudu</font><br> <font size=+1>You must solve this math problem</font><br> 1) (praccane tiiru) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>somersault</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTikkaraNam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> perform an acrobatic stunt in which the body rolls in a complete circle, head over heels<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan cinna vayasilee kuTTikkaraNam pooTa pazahiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He learned to do somersaults when he was still quite young</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>soothe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTikkuTuttu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> flatter, soften or butter s.o. up, fluff s.o. up; mollify<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda koovamaana arasane mandiri taTTi kuTuttu peesi tan vazikki maattinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The minister soothed the angry king and brought him around to his point of view.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taNi)</font> 6b tr <br> alleviate, mitigate, allay, quench, cure, pacify, mollify, calm down<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu ennooTa appaavooTa koovatte taNikkradukku romba paaTupaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried my best to soothe my father's anger yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aattu)</font> 3 tr <br> ease the pain of<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayttiyar puNNle oru taylatte taTavi valiye aatta paattaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor tried to soothe the pain by rubbing some ointment into the wound</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(samaadaanappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring comfort, composure or relief; comfort<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>azura kozandeye samaadaanappaTutta enna seyyalaam?</font><br> <font size=+1>What shall we do to soothe the crying child?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sore (be/come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puNNaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become wounded or infected, as of the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade sorinjuTTee irundaa puNNaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you keep scratching that, it will get sore.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sorry, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> regret, be sad, remorseful<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappu paNNiTTu ippa varuttappaTradule enna balan irukkum appaTingradu enakku teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know what good it dord to be sorry after the fact</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sorry, be/feel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varuttappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be anxious, upset, regretful<br> <br> <font size=+1>ungaLepatti tavaraa peesunadukkaaha ippa avaru romba varuttappaTraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He feels terribly very sorry about having spoken ill of you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sorry, feel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toyarppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be distressed, be perplexed, confused, at wits end<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga senju vanda veevaaram noTinju poonadaale ippa enna seyyaraduNNu teriyaama romba toyara paTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>With the heavy business losses they've incurred, they're at wits end and feeling sorry for themselves</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sort</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vahe vaheyaa piri)</font> 6b tr <br> arrange according to class, kind, or size: classify<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazatte vahevaheyaa piriccu veccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He sorted the fruit according to type</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> set apart from others; classify according to type<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazutta pazatte inda taTTiyle eTuttu vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Sort out the ripe fruit and put them on this platter</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(ozungu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> arrange, put in order; straighten out, clean up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??ippa asingamaa irukku; naaLekki adellaam ozungu paTutturoom</font><br> <font size=+1>It's a mess right now, but we'll sort things out in the morning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sort (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaloosi)</font> 6b intr <br> clarify by going over mentally; think s.t. through<br> <br> <font size=+1>adeppatti aaloosikka neeram keTekkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I haven't had the time to sort out that problem</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oli ezuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> produce or emit a sound; make a noise<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When the brakes begin to go bad, they begin to sound funny</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aazam paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> measure the depth of water, esp. by a weighted line; fathom<br> <br> <font size=+1>maalumi oru karuviye taNNiyle erakki aazam paappaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The pilot lowers a measuring device into the water to sound the depth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> announce or signal by a sound<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They sound an alarm when there's a fire or something</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> present a particular impression; give the impression or appearance of<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu nalla aaloosaneNNu tooNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That sounds like a good idea</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5 intr <br> produce a particular sound<br> <br> <font size=+1>sattaamaa keeTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That sounded loud</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sound s.o. out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karutte ari)</font> 2b intr <br> attempt to learn the attitudes or opinions of; enquire informally or in a roundabout manner<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to sound everybody out to see if the proposal will work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sour</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veruppuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make disagreeable or disenchanted<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??avaru sonnade keeTTappuram, enne veruppuuTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>After he gave his reaction, it soured me on the whole idea</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puLikkavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make sour<br> <br> <font size=+1>doose saapiTaNumNNaa, maave puLikka vekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you want to eat doosas first you have to sour the dough</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puLiccuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become sour; become sourdough<br> <br> <font size=+1>doose maavu puliccaaccaaNNu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>See if the batter has gotten sour enough</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veruppu koo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> become disagreeable or disenchanted<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We all soured on the idea after we spent the night in the rain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sour, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLi)</font> 6b intr <br> be fermented;<br> <br> <font size=+1>tayir romba puLikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The yogurt is very sour</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sour, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLiccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become sour; go bad; become putrid, rancid<br> <br> <font size=+1>doose maavu puLiccu pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The batter for dosa has become too sour to use</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sour, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(puLiccuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> (of milk, juices etc.) go bad, go off; become spoiled or stale<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya paalu puLiccippoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>The previous day's milk had gone sour</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vadanti parappu)</font> 3 intr <br> propagate, disseminate, esp. discord<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The insurgents are doing nothing but sow discord and hatred</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payiriTu)</font> 4 tr <br> scatter seed over the ground for growing<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>As ye sow, so shall ye reap</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>space</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ b~</B> <font size=+1>(pirittu @Vb@)</font> separate or keep apart<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattaTi viidam piriccu naTTaale ceTihaLukku vaLara eTam keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you space the plants ten feet apart they will have enough room to grow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTeveLi viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> organize or arrange with spaces between<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattaTi eTeveLi viTTu naTacconnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He wanted (me) to space (the plants) ten feet apart</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>span</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> extend across, connect; cross, traverse, sweep<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The bridge spans three rivers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tazuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> encompass; extend across<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadeyile vara sambavanga nuuru varushatte tazuvuradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The events in the novel span a hundred years</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spank</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(are)</font> 2b intr <br> hit on the buttocks with a flat object or with the open hand as a punishment<br> <br> <font size=+1>??kozandehaLe aTiccudaan tiruttamuTiyumNu sela pettooru [peLrooru?] innum nenekkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some parents still think that children can be corrected only by spanking</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi vaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be subjected to a spanking; get spanked<br> <br> <font size=+1>graamangaLle paaTam paTikkaaTTaa aTi vaanguvaayNNu vaattiyaar meraTTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In village schools, teachers threaten to spank students for not studying their lessons</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tarkkam paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> bandy words about in argument: dispute; argue tentatively or in a preliminary way<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I've sparred with him verbally many times, but we're still friends</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttuccaNTe pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> box, esp. for practice<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu peerum kuttuccaNTe pooTTuTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were just sparring</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spare</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkanam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 2b intr <br> use with restraint<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Spare the rod and spoil the child, they used to say</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manniccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> treat leniently or with mercy; save or relieve from an experience or action<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNTane kuTukkaama avane manniccuTTaar anda niidipadi</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge spared him from punishment</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tavittiru)</font> 7 intr <br> save or relieve from undergoing or doing s.t.<br> , d <br> <font size=+1>engiTTe solliyirundaa, kaTekki poora tolleylerundu tavittirundirukkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>If you had said something, I could have spared you the trouble of going to the store</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ~ b~ </B> <font size=+1>(@Vb@ aama viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> refrain from harming or destroying<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaye aTikka porappaTTavan eppaTiyoo manamerangi ade aTikkaama viTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was about to beat the dog, but changed his mind and decided to spare it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kaivasam iru)</font> 7 intr <br> give or grant out of o's personal resources; afford<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>pattu ruuvaa kayvasam irundaa kuTungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Could you spare ten rupees?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spark</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTi viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put in motion: activate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The invention of the internet has sparked a revolution in communication</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> rouse to action<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Lenin's speeches to the mobs in Russia sparked them to revolt against the Tsars</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pori teri)</font> 6b intr <br> emit sparks<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When the train goes around that curve, the wheels spark</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sparkle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(prahaasi)</font> 6b intr <br> glitter, be dazzling, shine brightly<br> <br> <font size=+1>un vairattooTu iruTTule prahaasikkudee</font><br> <font size=+1>Your diamond earring sparkles in the dark</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(polivu peru)</font> id intr <br> be bright, grow brighter<br> <br> <font size=+1>nahenga polivu perukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The jewels are sparkling.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(minukku)</font> 3 tr <br> shine; make a display of; polish<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTu muzusum azahaa minuttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The entire house sparkled beautifully.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(minuminu)</font> 6 intr <br> emit or reflect flashes of light<br> <br> <font size=+1>kammallerunda vayrakkallu minuminuttadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The diamonds in her earrings sparkled</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(poripara)</font> 7 intr <br> flash with wit; be bright, interesting, witty<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The conversation sparkled when he was around</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(pongi vazi)</font> 2b intr <br> release gas bubbles, fizz, effervesce<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Champagne sparkles because of the bubbles that catch the light</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spatter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 6b intr <br> scatter in small splashes, as oil, water, blood, etc.; sputter, splutter; spot, splash or soil with small bits of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kodikkra eNNeyle pooTTadum kaTuhellaam veTiccu terikkattoTangiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The oil started spattering as soon as the mustard seeds were thrown in</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odaru)</font> 3 tr <br> scatter (a liquid) in drops or small splashes<br> <br> <font size=+1>mashiye enveeTTiile odariccu anda pollaada kozande</font><br> <font size=+1>That naughty child spattered ink all over my veeshti.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spawn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaraNamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> give rise to, engender<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The death of the leader while in prison spawned many conspiracy theories</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTTe iTu)</font> 4 intr <br> deposit eggs; produce spawn<br> <br> <font size=+1>tavaLe nuuttukkaNakkule muTTepooTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Frogs spawn hundreds of eggs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>speak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peecce kuTu @(r tr)@)</font> 3 intr <br> deliver a lecture; give a formal talk<br> <br> <font size=+1>senneyle irukkra maruttuva mayyam avarukku serappu azeppu kuTuttadanaale aruve sihicce patti ange peecce kuTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He went to the medical institute in Madras, at their special invitation, to speak about surgery</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> utter words, talk<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava peesavee maaTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's a quiet one, she doesn't speak much</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaye tera)</font> 7 intr <br> express o.s. in words; open the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaye terakkaama avar sonnadeyellaam keeTTuTTirundaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She was taking in everything he said without speaking a word</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttu terivi)</font> 6b intr <br> express o.s.; make o.s. understood<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He speaks well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(peeccu vaartte iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be on good terms; be on speaking terms<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLeTeyle peeccu vaartte irundadu poola teriyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>It's not obvious that they're on speaking terms</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(oreyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> converse<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>speak indirectly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttivaLeccuppeesu)</font> 3 tr <br> paraphrase, beat around the bush, temporize; equivocate<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda peeccaaLaru romba suttivaLacci peesraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That lecturer constantly beats around the bush and never speaks directly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>speak plainly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> tell off, tell the (unvarnished) truth; tell it like it is; scold<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaru enkiTTe uNme maTTumee peesuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He always speaks plainly with me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>speak up/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pori)</font> 2b intr <br> speak out clearly, fluently; say out or state clearly<br> b <br> <font size=+1>un tambi enna keeTTaalum poriyuraan </font><br> <font size=+1>whenever your younger brother is asked anything, he speaks up clearly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> impale with a stick or pointed object; stab, poke<br> <br> <font size=+1>induurkkaaranga miinpiTikkaNumNaa valeye ubayoohikkaama oru kuuramaana kambekkoNTu kuttippiTippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People in this village catch fish by spearing them with a stick sharpened at one end rather than with nets</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kutti eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> retrieve with or as if with a spear or pointed object<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru kambe eTuttu vizundu keTanda pazangaLeyellaam kutti eTuttuTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He used a stick to spear the fruit that had fallen from the tree</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>specialize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTi)</font> 6b intr <br> train or employ o.s. in a special study or activity; be a specialist or expert in s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sarittiram paTikkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He specializes in history</font><br> 1) (speshalais paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>specify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tani taniyaa vevari)</font> 6b tr <br> treat separately and in detail; state a fact or requirement clearly and precisely; state, name, identify, define, describe, set out, frame, itemize, detail, list, spell out, enumerate, particularize,<br> <font size=+1>Please specify each case individually, rather than lumping them all together</font><br> 1) (ovvoNNaa kurippiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> state explicitly; go into detail about s.t.; identify clearly and definitely; name, define, describe, set out, frame, itemize, detail, list, spell out, enumerate, particularize, cite, instance; sti<br> <br> <font size=+1>vari vasuul patti eduvumee kurippiTalle</font><br> <font size=+1>He didn't specify anything about the taxes or the arrears</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>speculate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sindi)</font> 6b intr <br> meditate on a given subject: reflect; think abstractly about<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It's too early to speculate on the outcome of the election</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNinju modaliTu)</font> 4 intr <br> engage in the buying or selling of a commodity with an element of risk or the chance of profit<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He has been speculating in the gold market for some time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(peesikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> talk about the probability of an event<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avar padaviyilerundu raajinaamaa seyvaaraa illeyaaNNu peesikkoNTaanaga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have been speculating about whether or not he would submit his resignation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>speechless, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uumeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> lack the power of speech; keep silent<br> !<br> <font size=+1>uumeyaa irukkaama yaaraadu tappu senjaa taTTi keeLu!</font><br> <font size=+1>If somebody does something wrong, don't just stand there speechless, scold them!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>speed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veehamaa poo)</font> 3 tr <br> drive fast; exceed the speed limit<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaare veehamaa seluttinaa vebattule ahappaTa neeriTum</font><br> <font size=+1>You'll get into an accident if you speed</font><br> 1) (veehamaa eyangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(turitappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hasten, send with haste; dispatch; rush things along<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeramaaraduNNu avane turidappaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to speed things along by telling him that they were getting late</font><br> 1) (turidappaTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veehamaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> exceed the speed limit<br> <br> <font size=+1>veehamaa poona miniveen paalattulerundu vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The speeding minivan careened off the bridge</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>speed (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeham piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> increase the speed or rate of: accelerate; pick up speed; resume a former rate<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi tirumbavum veeham piTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The car picked up speed again</font><br> 1) (veehatte adihappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(verevupaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> accelerate, increase the speed of; urge on (a horse, mount)<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasuttoreyile iNNekki veelengaLe romba veravu paTuttaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the Government departments nowadays all official tasks are being speeded up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>speed up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avasarappaTuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> cause to hasten; cause to move or act fast, as people; accelerate<br> <font size=+1>Let's speed up the pace of this project, and get it out of the way</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuttukkuuTTi ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> write in order the correct letters of a word;<br> <br> <font size=+1>aangila vaarttehaLe pezeyillaama ezuttukkuuTTi ezudaradu romba seramamaana vesheyam</font><br> <font size=+1>Its very difficult to spell English words correctly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuttukkuuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> form a word or word correctly by means of letters<br> <br> <font size=+1>payyanukku innum ezuttukkuuTTi ezuda teriyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>They boy still cannot spell</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(poola iru)</font> 7 intr <br> mean, signify<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? inda muTivu kashTamaa irukkum poola irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This decision spells trouble, I think</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spell out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> make perfectly clear<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>kuTiccuTTu vaNTiye ooTTinaa enna naTakkumNu sollaNumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do I have to spell out the consequences of driving under the influence?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(selavu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> spend; expend; lay out, pay out, disburse, lavish, squander, waste, fritter away, dissipate; (inf.) fork out , shell out , dish out.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>pattaayiram ruubaaye oree naaLule eppaTi selavu senje?</font><br> <font size=+1>How did you spend 10000 rupees in a single day?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> waste, as money<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He spends money like water</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pozudu pookku)</font> 3 intr <br> pass, as time; devote a significant amount of time to or for s.t. or s.o.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? ovvoru naaLum naan en ammaakiTTe konjan pozudu pookkureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I spend some time with my mother every day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kazi)</font> 6b tr <br> pass (time) in a specified manner or place; use up<br> <br> <font size=+1>liive atte viiTle kaziccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We spent our vacation at our aunt's house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(silavazi)</font> 6b tr <br> use up: expend, disburse, give out<br> <br> <font size=+1>sambaLatteyellaam selavaziccadanaale sinimaakku pooha muTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't go to the movie because I've spent all my salary</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(selavu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> pay out (money); have expenses, expenditures<br> f f , d d w x ' ?<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> deprive of force or strength: wear out<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When the tsunami had finally spent itself, there was incredible destruction everywhere</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piiriTTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> speak forcefully, uncontrollably; come out in a stream: shoot out<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vaaylerundu keTTa vaartte piiriTTu vandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Nothing but obscenities spewed out of his mouth</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaandi eTu)</font> 6 intr <br> cast out through the mouth, vomit<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He spewed vomit on all the people sitting behind him in the bus</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) / </B> <font size=+1>(kaaram seeru)</font> 6 intr <br> season with spices<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The foot was nicely seasoned</font><br> 1) (oreppu seeru) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viruviruppuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> add zest or flavor to<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They spiced it up with some songs and dances</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spicy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neTiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> be sharp, be pungent (smell), be acrid<br> <br> <font size=+1>unga viiTTu saappaaTu tuurattule varumpoodee muukkule appaTiyee neTiyeettudu</font><br> <font size=+1>the food that you cook in your house smells very spicy; you can smell it a mile away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spike</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 6 tr <br> put an end to: block (esp. in ball games)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to put it over the net but the other guy spiked it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 intr <br> lace, e.g. a drink, with an alcoholic or narcotic substance<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He didn't know the drinks were spiked, and got very sick</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soTTaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> let fall in drops; allow to drip or leak<br> <br> <font size=+1>paale soTTaviTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't spill the milk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mayyi sindu)</font> 3 intr <br> spill ink<br> <br> <font size=+1>tareyile may sindaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't spill ink on the floor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sindu)</font> 3 tr <br> spill; shed; scatter; distribute; cause or allow a substance to fall out of a container<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiize sindaama paale koNTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Bring the milk without spilling it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> inadvertently cause liquids to leave a container; cause loose contents to overflow<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>veNNiire meele koTTikkaade, kavanamaa veele seyyi!</font><br> <font size=+1>Do the work carefully and don't spill hot water on yourself</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(solliTu)</font> 4 tr <br> divulge; disclose; reveal (a secret, etc.); tell, communicate, pass on, publish, broadcast, proclaim; expose, uncover, make public, give away, let slip; (inf.) spill the beans about, let on about,<br> <br> <font size=+1>tan kuuTa veele seyravanga kiTTa naTandadeyellaam solliTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She spilled the story to her colleagues</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> pour out or spread beyond limits; be distributed or dispersed without limit<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaL teruvule engeyum paraviyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People have spilled out all over the street.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> pour in large quantities, such as sand or grain; flow, overflow, brim over, run over, slop over, well over; gush out<br> <br> <font size=+1>pattaayam oTenju adilerunda nellellaam koTTiiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The grain bin broke open and all the paddy spilled out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spill (out/over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> be full to the brim; brim over; flow over the edge of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paatturattule venniir taLumbiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the pan, the hot water spilled over.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spill (the beans)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLari koTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> let out a secret; let the cat out of the bag; (neg.) be sealed, as the lips<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii enna keeTTaalum en tambi oLari koTTa maaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever you try to get out of him, my younger brother won't spill the beans</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spill over/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi)</font> 2b intr <br> trickle; shed drops; overflow or flow down<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTuppe anekka marandadaale paal pongi vazinjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I forgot to turn off the stove, the milk boiled over and spilled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sozalu)</font> 1 intr <br> turn; move, revolve in cycles; revolve, go around in circles<br> <br> <font size=+1>pandu sozandu vandadaale sariyaa aTikkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't hit the ball properly since it was spinning</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suruLa seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to curve or coil<br> <br> <font size=+1>pande suruLa senjaa ade piTikkradu kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is tough to catch the ball if you put a spin on it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu)</font> 3 tr <br> rotate rapidly, c.f. whirl<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know how to spin a top?</font><br> 1) (sozattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu)</font> 3 intr <br> be or have the sensation of turning fast in circles: reel; twirl; rotate<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku tale suttradu</font><br> <font size=+1>My head's spinning</font><br> 1) (sozattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vale kaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> form a web by extruding secretions, as a spider<br> <br> <font size=+1>selandi vale kaTTrade paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at how the spider spins its web</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tiri)</font> 6b intr <br> draw out and twist fibers into thread<br> ?? ...<br> <font size=+1>??paruttilerundu nuul tirikka ...</font><br> <font size=+1>It takes skill and patience to spin thread from cotton</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spiral</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ ~</B> <font size=+1>(sozaNTu @Vb@)</font> take a spiral form or course<br> <br> <font size=+1>sigaraTTlerundu pohe suruL suruLaa sozandu ezumbiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Smoke spiralled upwards from the cigarette</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eerikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> rise with steady acceleration; coil, wind, twist, swirl, wreathe<br> <br> <font size=+1>vele eeriTTee poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Inflation is spiraling out of control</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall with steady acceleration<br> <br> <font size=+1>vimaanam vaTTamiTTu vandu vizundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The stricken plane spiralled downwards</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ~ ~</B> <font size=+1>(paTippaTiyaa @Vb@)</font> take a turn for the worse; decline rapidly<br> <br> <font size=+1>sotteyellaam paTippaTiyaa aziya toTangiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His fortunes started spiralling downwards</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spirit away/off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTatti kiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> carry off mysteriously or secretly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The body of the former dictator was spirited away during the night</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiru)</font> 3 intr <br> show animosity, as a cat; hiss<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda puune pakkattule poonaa adu siirattoTangiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>That cat starts spitting if anyone goes near it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~ ~</B> <font size=+1>(tuuNNu @Vb@)</font> express contempt by or as if by spitting; eject saliva from the mouth as a sign of hatred or contempt<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He spat out the words</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eccil teri)</font> 6b intr <br> sputter<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was unable to speak, but just sputtered and spat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> eject saliva from the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>singappuurle rooTTile tuppinaa pooliiskaaranga onne piTiccuTTu poovaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>You'll get arrested if you spit on the street in Singapore</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>splash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 6b intr <br> burst; smash into pieces; spray<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalu pongi aTuppulendu veLile tericcudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The milk boiled and splashed over.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 6b intr <br> scatter (a liquid) about, spill<br> <br> <font size=+1>kodikkra taNNi kayle tericcudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The boiling water splashed on my hand</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tavaNTi aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> fall into or move through a liquid with motions that cause the liquid to scatter<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??kozandenga tavaNTiyaTiccu veLeyaaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Children like to splash in the rain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vazindooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move or flow audibly, esp. of liquids; gurgle, burble<br> <br> <font size=+1>saakkaTe vaLiyaa maLettaNNi vazinjooTra sattam keeTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sound of rain water splashing down the gutter could be heard</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaari ere)</font> 6b tr <br> throw up wetness or liquids; wet or soil s.t. by splashing<br> <br> <font size=+1>bassoNNu avan meele seette vaariyereccuTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bus splashed him with mud</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>splatter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sedaraTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause s.t. to splash out in many directions; soil with splashes of liquid; splash with a liquid, typically a thick or viscous one<br> <br> <font size=+1>veehamaa poona bassu seette sedaraTiccuTTu poonadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The speeding bus splattered mud all over the place</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>splay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sappaNiccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be spread (eg the limbs) out or apart, esp in a clumsy way; be flattened or misshapen<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaal sappaNiccuppoonadanaale puunekki sariyaa naTakka muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of its splayed legs, the cat couldn't walk properly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neLi)</font> 2b intr <br> spread outward in a haphazard manner; lose shape; stick out in all directions<br> .?? <br> <font size=+1>?? neLiyattoTanginadum ade viisiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>When the bristles are splayed, it's time to discard the toothbrush</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>splice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(murukki eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> join by intertwining strands, as a rope; repair broken rope<br> , <br> <font size=+1>reNTu keebiLhaLeyum murukki eNeccaa, nallaa irukkum...</font><br> <font size=+1>If you splice together the two ends of the cables, it'll be fine</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toTu)</font> 6 tr <br> join tape, etc.; join or insert (a gene or gene fragment). <br> ?? xxx <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Splice together the broken ends of the tape</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>splinter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(simbu simbaa oTenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> split into sharp slender pieces; break into pieces or fragments, break into smithereens, shatter, shiver, fracture, split, disintegrate, crumble<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The glass splintered into a thousand pieces when he dropped it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>split</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poLa)</font> 7 tr <br> cut (wood); chop; divide<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooTaaliyaale verahuveTTravan marakkeLengaLe poLandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The woodcutter split the tree branches with his axe</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b tr <br> break, burst or rip apart with force, esp. from internal pressure<br> <br> <font size=+1>kollaa aNTiye suTra veeLe veTikkra sattam keeTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The sound of cashews splitting open when roasted could be heard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> separate persons or groups; divide the cost of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinna sinna kuuTTamaa aaLuhaLe piriccu ukkaara veccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They split them into smaller groups</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pahindu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> divide and share<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>~no spoken equivalend~</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we split the dessert ?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(pangiTTukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> divide or share s.t. with others<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaLavu koLLeyle keTekkra paNatte avanga pangiTTukkoLLuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They would split the money they obtained from the burglaries among themselves</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> part company due to discord or disagreement; form a splinter group; splinter off<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTciylerundu pirinju poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They split from the Party (and went their own way)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(poLa, peLa)</font> 7 intr <br> divide cleanly and sharply, esp. into lengthwise sections or into two parts of approximately the same size<br> <br> <font size=+1>iTi vizundu maram reNTaa peLanduTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tree split in two when the lightning struck it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(porappaTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> part company, leave, depart<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTikka toTanginadum naanga angerundu porappaTTu poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We decided to split when they started drinking</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>splurge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(daaraaLamaa selavazi)</font> 6b tr <br> indulge in an extravagant luxury or expense; go all out with expenditures<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava paNatteyellaam daaraaLamaa selavazikkradanaale enakku avakuuTa kaTekkuppooradu piTikkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't like to go shopping with my friend because she tends to splurge</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaari ere)</font> 6b tr <br> spend extravagantly or wastefully; fling<br> <br> <font size=+1>kavaleppaTaama paNatte vaari erekkraan paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at him splurge without worrying about the consequences</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>splutter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paraparappooTu peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> speak incoherently, as when confused or angry<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When he gets angry, he just starts to splutter</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veTi)</font> 6b intr <br> make a spitting, popping sound<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTuhu veTiccadum vengaayatte seekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Add the onion when the mustard seeds have stopped spluttering</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spoil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become corrupt, tainted or rotten; become dishonest or depraved; turn bad<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyilnaale uuruhaa keTTu pooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The pickles spoiled because of the heat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTuttuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> do (a piece of work) badly; spoil; mess up, screw up; botch, bungle<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ellaam nallaa pooyTTirukkaramboodu nii vandu ellaatteyum keTuttuviTTiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>Just when everything was going smoothly, you had to come in and spoil everything!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be ruined, spoiled through overindulgence<br> <br> <font size=+1>payyane taNTikkaaTTaa avan keTTuppoovaan</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't punish the boy he'll turn into a spoiled brat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> overindulge or overpraise; treat like a king; impair the value or quality of: damage<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandekki sellam kuTuttu keTuttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They spoiled their child by indulging his every whim</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(azuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> become unfit for consumption; rot, decay<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The food has gotten totally spoiled</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(mustippaayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be eager for; be looking forward to s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTipooTa mustippaayirukkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>Watch out, he's spoiling for a fight.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 6b tr <br> disturb, disrupt<br> !<br> <font size=+1>tan paaTTukku veLeyaaTikkiTTirunda kozandeye kaleccuTTiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>The child was playing very nicely and now you've gone and spoiled things!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sponge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(otti eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> moisten, wipe, or clean with or as if with a sponge<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you sponge that off</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sponsor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(spaansar paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> pay for a television or radio program, usually in exchange for advertising time<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Public television is sponsored by large corporations</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B>2b intr <br> serve as a sponsor for<br> ... <br> <font size=+1>~no spoken equivalent~</font><br> <font size=+1>He sponsored her for the award</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spooked, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meraNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become startled or frightened, esp. of animals; become fearful<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambe paattadum maaTuhaLellaam meraNTupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The animals got spooked by the snake</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sport</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pahaTTaahu)</font> display or show off<br> <font size=+1>He was sporting a new hat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNule paTu)</font> make out; discern, perceive<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Its difficult to spot that tiny stain</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(gavani)</font> see, discern, notice, perceive, take note of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They failed to spot the signs of trouble</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paattuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> catch sight of; discover or detect by chance<br> <br> <font size=+1>pullule padungiyirunda puuneye kuruvi paattuTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bird spotted the cat hiding in the grass</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spout</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> cause to flow or spurt out; spurt, gush, spew, erupt, shoot, squirt, spray; disgorge, discharge, emit, belch forth<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The oil spouted out of the pipeline after it was ruptured</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piiriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> discharge a liquid continuously or in spurts<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The volcano began to spout lava without much warning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spout (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piittu (piiccu?))</font> 3 intr <br> speak volubly and tediously or pompously; talk too much; mouth off, blabber, shoot o's mouth off<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>eppa paattaalum avan piiccukkiTTirukkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's always spouting off about something</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sprain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(terambu)</font> 3 intr, 3pn + ntr <br> wrench or lacerate the ligaments of a joint<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalu terambiTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I sprained my ankle</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sprained, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suLukkuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be put out of joint or position; be twisted<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The fall resulted in a twisted and sprained shoulder</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sprawl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alangoolamaa kiTa)</font> 7 intr <br> lie or sit with the body or limbs spread out awkwardly<br> <br> <font size=+1>naarkaalule nimindu okkaaraama alangoolamaa keTakkraan, paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at him sprawled out on the chair instead of sitting properly!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paravi keTa)</font> 3 intr <br> spread out in a straggling or disordered fashion<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Houses were sprawled all over the hillside</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLikka sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> dispense a liquid in a mass or jet of droplets<br> <br> <font size=+1>puucci marundu teLikkacconnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ordered that pesticide be sprayed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spread</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parava seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to expand; distribute, disseminate, propagate, broadcast, diffuse<br> <br> <font size=+1>islaame parava seyyaradudaan avangaLooTa oree kurikkooL</font><br> <font size=+1>Their only aim is to spread Islam</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> expand, as power, influence; extend; distribute widely<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezengaLle kiruttuvatte parappa avanga muyarccikkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are trying to spread Christianity among the poor.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> transmit or disseminate, as ideas, religion, disease, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>deesadroohinga moosamaana vadandiye ellaam parappuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Homegrown terrorists are spreading vicious rumours.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paTaru)</font> 2 intr <br> extend itself, as a creeper; branch out, as a tree; cover<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTi evvaLavu azahaa paTandu vaLandurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The creeper has grown and spread very beautifully</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(keLappu)</font> 3 tr <br> disseminate, as a rumor; send out in various directions<br> <br> <font size=+1>teerdalukku nikkappooraanNu oru poraLi keLappiiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone spread the rumor that he was considering standing for election</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 6b tr <br> open to a fuller extent or width: stretch<br> <br> <font size=+1>kambaLatte viriccu adu meele okkaandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He spread the blanket (on the floor) and sat on it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> move farther apart; separate; make spaces between things<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade izuttu pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Spread it out more</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> move out in various directions; extend itself; open out so as to extend its surface area, width, or length<br> <br> <font size=+1>tii pakkatulerunda viiTuhaLukku paraviccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fire spread to the adjacent houses</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> extend<br> ... <br> <font size=+1>...tekkeleyum paravi taleyeTukkat toTanginadu</font><br> <font size=+1>??Having spread even into the south, it began to take the head?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 intr <br> disperse, as heat, odor; waft<br> <br> <font size=+1>malliheppuu maNam viiTu muzusum viisikkiTTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The smell from the jasmine flowers spread all over the house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(terinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become widely known: disseminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu naaLukkuLLe ellaarukkum anda veshayam terinju pooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The news spread all over town in a matter of days</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> be extended or enlarged; move outward<br> <br> <font size=+1>?kare peruha toTangiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The stain began to spread</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(taTavu)</font> 3 tr <br> apply; cover with a layer<br> <br> <font size=+1>cappaaTTiyile neyye taTavi</font><br> <font size=+1>Spread the oil on the chappati</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spread (as fire)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattikkoo@(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> take fire; be kindled; become a conflagration; spread like wildfire<br> <br> <font size=+1>tii pattikiTTadum ellaarum padariTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone panicked when the fire spread.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spread around</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> disseminate (things, knowledge, etc.); send, drive, or distribute in different directions or over a wide area; make known <br> <br> <font size=+1>inda seydiye uurellaam parappaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't spread this news all around town</font><br> 1) (kale) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spread out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parandu keTa)</font> 2 intr <br> be laid out or visible; be displayed to the eye or the mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaN terihira maTTum samuttram parandu keTandade paattu aaccariyappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was surprised to see the vast expanse of the ocean spread out before him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spring</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ ~</B> <font size=+1>(tiTiirNNu @Vb@)</font> shift position suddenly; jump from one position to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadavu paTaarNu muuTiiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The door sprang shut</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paayi)</font> 2b intr <br> move forward in a single quick motion; jump<br> <br> <font size=+1>puli podarlerundu paanju oru piTiyile maane viiztticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tiger sprang from the thicket and brought down the deer with one blow</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLi ezumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> move upward in a single quick motion<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadavu terakkra sattatte keeTTu tuLLiyezumbinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he heard the door open, he sprang to his feet</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTumNNu eyangu)</font> 3 intr <br> start operating suddenly<br> <br> <font size=+1>yandiram tiTumNNu eyenga toTangiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The engine sprang to life</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(uuru)</font> 3 intr <br> arise from a source: develop<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uuttulerundu taNNi uurikkiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The water springs from this source</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> emerge or appear suddenly<br> <br> <font size=+1>puli podarlerundu tiTiirNNu tooNuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tiger sprang suddenly from the bushes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spring (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> surprise, introduce without warning; cause to leap, dart, or emerge suddenly<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I'd rather not spring my plan on them without any warning</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spring up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> appear, arise; rise up; take shape<br> <br> <font size=+1>paalevanattule taahamaa naTanduTTirunda avan munnaale oru soolevanam tooNiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>(The mirage of ) an oasis sprang up suddenly before the thirsty man traveling in the desert.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sprinkle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teLi)</font> 6b tr <br> splash; distribute; trickle; cause to fall in fine drops<br> <br> <font size=+1>saapiTTa eTattule taNNi teLiccu suttam seyyaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to sprinkle some water around, and clean the place where we ate</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> release or scatter in small particles<br> <br> <font size=+1>keekku meele cakkare tuuvinaa azahaa [kaaNappaTum? tooNum?]</font><br> <font size=+1>If you sprinkle sugar on the cake, it'll look nice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuttu)</font> 3 intr, 3pn + ntr <br> fall or rain in small or infrequent drops<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze tuuttradu poolirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>It seems to be sprinkling</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(teLi)</font> 6b tr <br> scatter drops on<br> j <br> <font size=+1>konjam taNNi teLiccu nallaa vadakkavum</font><br> <font size=+1>Sprinkle some water and sautee (the contents of the skillet)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sprout</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLeviTu)</font> 4 intr <br> put forth branches, shoots; branch out<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu ceTi oru varushattule periya keLaviTTirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The new plant sprouted big shoots in just one year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLir)</font> 6 intr <br> put forth buds and shoots<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaTTule maranga puuvooTa tuLirndadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The forest trees sprouted with flowers</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLir viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> give off shoots or buds<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ?? </B> <font size=+1>(taze)</font> ?? <br> grow or develop quickly<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??maze vizundadum kaLeyellaam maLamaLaNNu vaLara toTangum</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the rainfall begins, the weeds start to sprout like mad</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(veLe)</font> cause to grow<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He has sprouted a beard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(moLe)</font> 6b tr <br> come out, spring up, turn up, appear<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga tooTTattule puucceTi ippa moLeviTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>A flowering plant has suddenly sprouted in our garden</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(moLe)</font> 6b intr <br> begin to grow, germinate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>vittellaam moLekkradukku evvaLavu naaLaahum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How long will it take for these seeds to sprout?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spur</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> urge on by the use of spurs<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He spurred the horse to make it go faster</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 intr <br> incite, prompt; instigate; goad, prick, prod<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNa nerukkaTi avane anda seyalukku tuuNTinadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The prospect of financial ruin spurred him to action</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spurn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maru)</font> 6 intr <br> refuse or reject disdainfully: scorn; reject, rebuff, turn down, treat with contempt, disdain, look down o's nose at, despise; snub, slight, jilt, dismiss, brush off, turn o's back on; give s.o. the<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to make contact, but she spurned his efforts at reconciliation</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spurt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piiriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> gush forth<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozaaylerundu taNNi piiriTTu paanjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Water spurted out of the faucet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sputter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappamaa peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak hastily or confusedly; babble, stammer<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade keeTTadum enna sollaNumNNu teriyaama pidatta toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When he heard that, he didn't know what to say so he just began to sputter</font><br> 1) (eccil terikka viTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>spy</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLaavu paaru)</font> 6 intr <br> keep under surveillance with hostile intent; observe secretly and closely; investigate (s.o.)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The government spies on us more these days than they did before 9/11</font><br> 1) (kaNkaaNi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paattuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> catch sight of, see<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTesile avane paattuTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>At last we spied him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squabble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(caccaravu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> engage in a trivial quarrel; quibble, niggle, pettifog, bicker, brabble<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaL puuraavum caccaravu pooTTuTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have been squabbling all day</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squander</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTabaTi selavuseyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> spend freely or extravagantly; dish out, expend, disburse; waste, fritter away; lavish; (inf.) fork out, lay out, shell out, cough up, blow, splurge<br> !<br> <font size=+1>paNatte kaNTabaTi selavuseyyaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't squander your money on extravagances!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(selavazi)</font> 6b tr <br> spend extravagantly or wastefully: dissipate<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>paNatteyellaam taNNi maadiri selavazicca eppaTi pezekkamuTiyum? </font><br> <font size=+1>How can you survive if you squander all your money?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>square</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakku tiiru)</font> 6 intr <br> bring into balance; settle; bring into conformity or agreement<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNakku tiikkalaamNu paattaa avan neeramillengraan</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried to square accounts with him, but he says he's too busy</font><br> 1) (eseya seyyi @(nb tr)@) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koze)</font> 6b tr <br> crush with the palm or sole; mash; make mushy<br> <br> <font size=+1>marunde pazattule veccu kozeccu saappiTacconnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He suggested that you take the medicine by squashing a banana and mixing it into the medicine</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nasukku)</font> 3 tr <br> squeeze or flatten into a pulp; crush<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade kayyile veccu nasukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Squash it in the palm of your hand</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> suppress, quash;<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avar raajinaamaa seyyappooraaruNNu yaaraavadu sonnaa anda vadandiye oTanee nirutti viTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to squash any rumors about his resignation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaye aTakku)</font> 3 intr <br> silence as with harsh words<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii vahuppile peesinaa vaattiyaar on vaaye aTakkiTuvaar</font><br> <font size=+1>If you open your mouth in his class, he'll squash you like a fly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(nacungu)</font> 3 intr <br> become flattened or crushed<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalaTiyile paTTu nasungippooccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It got squashed underfoot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kundi iru)</font> 7 intr <br> sit on o's heels; hunker down<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naarkaaliile irukkra pazakkamille, kundradukku eTamirundaa poodumNaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He said that he wasn't used to sitting in chairs, but would be content if he had a place to squat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padungu)</font> 3 intr <br> crouch close to the ground; scrunch, scrunch up,<br> <br> <font size=+1>paayaradukku tayaaraa puli tareye oTTi padungiyirundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tiger was squatting, ready to pounce</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nelatte aakkrami)</font> 6b tr <br> settle on unoccupied land, or in an unoccupied building, without legal claim; occupy (a dwelling) illegally<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They occupied the building last year and have been squatting there ever since</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ottukkuTiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> occupy a given piece of public land so as to acquire title to it<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda eTattule ottukkuTiyirundaa tanga kayvasamaahiTumNu neneccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They thought that if they squattted on that land long enough, they'd be allowed to claim it as theirs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squawk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiriicciTu)</font> 4 intr <br> utter a harsh scream: screech<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaakkaa kiricciTTu vandu marakkoppile ukkaandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Squawking loudly, the crows settled on the branch of the tree</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squeak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiccukkoralle peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> utter in a squeaky voice; make squeaks; utter or make a brief thin, shrill cry or sound (e.g. as birds)<br> <br> <font size=+1>toNTe aTeccuTTadanaale kiiccukoralledaan peesa muTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Because of his sore throat, he could only squeak</font><br> 1) (kiiccoli ezuppu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiccukiiccuNNu oli)</font> 6b intr <br> make a squeaking sound, as of shoes<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLapaLatta tareyile seruppu kiiccukiiccuNNu oliccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I could hear s.o.'s shoes squeaking on the polished floor</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squeal</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viilviiluNNu kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> utter or produce a loud, shrill cry or sound (of animals)<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNNiye piTikkappoonaa adu viilviilNu katti ooTTam piTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The pig ran off squealing when I tried to catch it</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squeeze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pizi)</font> 2b tr <br> exert pressure on from opposite or all sides, esp. in order to extract moisture or reduce size; compress, press, crush, squash, pinch, nip, grasp, grip, clutch, flatten; press out juice<br> <br> <font size=+1>takkaaLiye pizinju juus seyyappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to squeeze the tomato and make tomato juice.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nasukku)</font> 3 tr <br> bruise, injure, squash, crush; squelch, mash, compress, constrict<br> <br> <font size=+1>elumiccambazatte nasukki adooTa rasatte eTukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should squeeze the lemon and extract its juice</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pidukku)</font> 3 tr <br> exert pressure on; compress, constrict,<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazatte pidukki paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He squeezed the fruit (to see if it was ripe)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(neri)</font> 6b intr <br> exert pressure so as to strangle; compress, constrict<br> <br> <font size=+1>kazutte piTiccu nerikka toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He put his hands around s.o.'s neck and began to squeeze hard</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(noze)</font> 2b intr <br> obtain room or passage for by pressure: cram<br> <br> <font size=+1>ruumukkuLLe nozeye paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to squeeze into the room</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(pidukku)</font> 3 tr <br> extract from by applying pressure<br> ?? ...<br> <font size=+1>??parpaseye pidukkiyeTuttu...</font><br> <font size=+1>He squeezed the toothpaste onto the brush...</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(azuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> press hard on or together: compress; apply pressure<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayye piTiccu azuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He squeezed my arm</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(pizinjeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> extract a liquid from by applying pressure<br> <br> <font size=+1>elumiccam pazattulerundu saare pizinju ade kuTiyunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Squeeze the juice from the lemon and drink it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squelch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaTeccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> put down or silence, as with a harsh remark; squash, crush, quell, quench, suppress, put an end to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan moreccu paattu ellaarum vaayaTeccu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>His stern look squelched all protests</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saLakku peLakkuNNu naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> make or move with a splashing, squashing, squishing, or sucking sound<br> <br> <font size=+1>seettu vaziyaa saLakku peLakkuNNu naTandu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They made their way, squelching and squishing through the mud</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaTekka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put down or silence, as with a harsh remark; suppress, shut down<br> <br> <font size=+1>moreccup paattu ellaareyum vaayaTekka senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He squelched everyone's objections with his stern look</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> crush by or as if by trampling: squash, suppress, put down<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasaangam edir kacciye peesa viTaama aTakkiviTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government squashed the opposition by not allowing it to express its views</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkavaaTTule paaru)</font> 6 intr <br> look to the side; partly close 's eyes, as when hit by direct blinding light<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I was squinting because of the strong light, and didn't see the bus coming</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(serakkaNiccu paaru)</font> 6 intr <br> suffer from strabismus; have an abnormal alignment of one or both eyes; (inf.) look cockeyed<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He squints as a result of an accident when he was younger</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(oorakkaNNaale paaru)</font> 6 intr <br> look with partly closed eyes<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The light was too bright, so I squinted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squirm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neLi)</font> 6b intr <br> twist about in a wriggling, snakelike motion: writhe; wrestle, wriggle, worm, squirm, twist; fidget<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna sollaNumNu teriyaama neLinjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He squirmed in embarrassment, not knowing what to say</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neLi)</font> 2b intr <br> feel or show humiliation or embarrassment; attempt to avoid or shirk by evasive movements<br> <br> <font size=+1>badil solla teriyaama neLinjuTTirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He continued to squirm, not knowing what to say</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>squirt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piiccu)</font> 3 tr <br> eject in a swift, thin stream<br> <br> <font size=+1>pookkirittanamaa ava meele taNNiye piiccinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He squirted water on her</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stab</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> pierce or wound with or as with a pointed object<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaroo avane kuttippooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone stabbed him </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stabilize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nelekka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> maintain the stability of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The government in Iraq needs to be stabilized before anything else</font><br> 1) (urudippaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> load with stacks of material; pile things up; put one thing on top of another<br> <br> <font size=+1>ezudradukku konjanguuTa eTam viTaama meese meele pustahangaLe kuviccu vaccirukkraayee</font><br> <font size=+1>You've stacked up so many books on the table that there's no room left even to write there</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> pile or arrange in a stack<br> <br> <font size=+1>poTavehaLe siiraa aTukki veccurikkraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She stacked up the saris in an attractive pile</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTaham pooTTukkaaTTu)</font> 4 intr <br> exhibit, present or perform on as if on a stage<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This play has been staged before, but with different actors</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stage-manage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> supervise, (e.g., a political campaign) from behind the scenes<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays political campaigns are all stage-managed, with little spontaneity left</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stagger</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> walk unsteadily, or in a clumsy or hesitant manner; be unsteady or confused;<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTiboodeyle naTakka muTiyaama avan taTumaarinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was drunk and was staggering unsteadily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> walk unsteadily: totter; reel, keel, lurch, swag, careen, flounder<br> <br> <font size=+1>adircci taangamuTiyaama ruumukkuLLe taLLaaTi vandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He staggered into the room in a state of shock</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(manam taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> lose strength or confidence; be overwhelmed with s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She was staggered with bills after she tried to rebuild her house following the earthquake</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stagnate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teengi nillu)</font> 5 intr <br> be or become motionless or stagnant, without moving or flowing<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazettaNNi oru vaaramaa teengi nikkradu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain water has been stagnating for about a week now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teengu)</font> 3 intr <br> accumulate, as water; be idle; exist in a changeless situation<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiirNNu maze penju pala eTangaLle taNNi teengiyirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>As a result of the unexpected downpour, rainwater has stagnated in several places</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mandamaa iru)</font> 6b intr <br> fail to progress or develop; be lifeless, be without development or change<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After his initial successes, his career has now stagnated</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nane)</font> 6b tr <br> wet or drench; soak<br> <font size=+1>The cloth got stained with blood and it couldn't be removed</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karepaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> imbrue as o.s., o's hand, etc. esp. with blood<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan (tannooTa) kaiye rattattle karepaTukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He stained his hands with blood.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kare paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> spill with ink; mess up<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda payyan eppoovum tuNingaLe kare paTuttuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That boy always manages to stain his clothes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saayam puusu)</font> 3 intr <br> color with dye or chemical substances<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>People knew how to stain glass a beautiful blue in the middle ages</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> taint: corrupt<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>That one false move stained and tarnished his reputation forever</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kare paTu)</font> 6 intr <br> discolor: soil<br> <br> <font size=+1>kareppaTTa eTangaLle sooppetteeccu nallaa alasi viTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Rub the stained spots with soap and rinse thoroughly</font><br> 1) (kare paTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tariyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> indicate boundaries with or as if with stakes<br> <br> <font size=+1>During the gold rush, the gold miners would stake a claim and then dig</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccu niruttu)</font> attach or support with a stake, tie to a stake<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to stake the tomato plants so that they remain upright</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNinju erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> gamble or risk: hazard; venture, adventure<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I will stake my good reputation for this</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stake-out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muttuhe iTu)</font> 4 tr <br> establish a watch on a particular location in an attempt to trap criminals, drug dealers, smugglers, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis kaaranga viiTTe ??</font><br> <font size=+1>The police decided to stake the place out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stalk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padungi toTandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> pursue prey by tracking<br> d <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stall</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niNNu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> interrupt the motion or progress of; come to a halt<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeccuvaartte tiTiirNNu niNNu pooyiTucci</font><br> <font size=+1>The talks suddenly stalled</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTi koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> stick fast in mud or snow<br> <br> <font size=+1>?? ... maaTTikiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The wheels of the car got stuck and stalled in the mud</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stammer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tikku)</font> 3 intr <br> falter, stutter; speak haltingly or with interruption<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinnavayasulerundee saamikku peeccu tikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>From childhood on, Sami has stammered and stuttered.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tikkippeecu)</font> 3 intr <br> make involuntary pauses or repeat syllables while speaking; stutter, babble<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanaale tikkittikkittaan peesa muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>He can't talk, only stammer</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> say with a stammer; bumble, mumble, stutter, falter<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna sollaNumNu teriyaama taTumaarinaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He stammered, not knowing what to say</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stamp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(midi)</font> 6b intr <br> bring down forcibly, bring the foot down on forcibly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When she doesn't get her way, she stamps her foot</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muttire aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> imprint or impress with a mark, design, or seal<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>These documents are stamped with the seal of the government</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(padinjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> impress forcibly or permanently; mark or produce an imprint in or on s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>What happened is stamped indelibly on my memory</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 6b tr <br> imprint, impress a seal or stamp<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTida ore meele unga vilaasam irukkra muttareye padinga</font><br> <font size=+1>please stamp your return address on the envelope</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stampede</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukki taLLi ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of animals) move in a headlong rush; act, usually en masse, hurriedly or on an impulse<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambe paattadum pasukkaLellaam meraNTu nerukkittaLLi ooTattoTanginadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cows started stampeding when they saw the snake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukki taLLi ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of animals) move in a headlong rush; act, usually en masse, hurriedly or on an impulse<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambe paattadum pasukkaLellaam meraNTu nerukkittaLLi ooTattoTanginadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cows started stampeding when they saw the snake</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stand in for s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(badilaa veele paaru)</font> 6 tr, tr <br> substitute for s.o.; take s.o.'s place; cover for s.o.;<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>?inda taTave avanukkaa badilaa veele paattaan, aTutta taTave avan unakkaa badilaa veele paappaan.</font><br> <font size=+1>If you would stand in for him this time, he'll cover you the next time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stand up to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edir)</font> 6 tr <br> oppose; contest; dispute<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNNeyaare eduttu yaarum niNNadille</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody has stood up to the landlord</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stay</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tangiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> reside (as a permanent resident); live somewhere temporarily<br> <br> <font size=+1>vizuppurattule en frenTu viiTTule tangiyirundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I stayed in my friend's place in Villupuram</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stay away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> keep away from; avoid; abstain from<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veLeyaaTTulerundu velahikiTTaa unakkudaa nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It would be good for you if you'd stay away from this sport</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stay away (from)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poohaame iru)</font> 7 intr <br> avoid going or attending; keep away from s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>adukku poohaame irunduTaadee</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't stay away from that (it).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>steadfast, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(diTamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be long-lasting (as cloth and other materials); be fast (of color)<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTTaTam periya poyal aTiccaalum tiTamaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This building will be steadfast, even in a big storm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stem from</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezu)</font> 2 intr <br> issue from; originate; arise or result from<br> ( ) ( )<br> <font size=+1>avanooTa bayattulerundu avan tayakkam varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His hesitation stems from his fear.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>step aside</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooram poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move aside; go to one side so as to make way, etc.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>Step aside, please, and let the stretcher bearers proceed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stick out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viriya seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to swell out or expand (as o's nostrils); distend, extend<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanaale tannooTa kaade viriya seyyamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>He can do this trick--he can make his ears stick out!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> prolong or protract; stretch out, put out, extend<br> <br> <font size=+1>verale niiTTu moodiratte maaTTiviTreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Stick out your finger, and I'll put the ring on it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stir up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keLaru)</font> 3 tr <br> uproot, uncover; poke; dig up; disinter<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>paze vishayangaLe ippo een keLarure?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you stirring up old issues now?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keLaru)</font> 3 tr <br> rouse or incite, as anger, resentment, etc.; whip up, encourage, fan the flames of, stoke up, fuel, kindle, ignite, inflame, stimulate, instigate, provoke, excite, awaken, inspire, trigger, spark of<br> !<br> <font size=+1>en koobatte keLaraade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't get my anger stirred up!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nelakkari uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> feed coal into a furnace or burner<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>neruppule nelakkari uuTTu; nallaa eriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Stoke the fire; it will burn well.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stoop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 6b tr <br> bend, as o's body; bow, as o's head in greeting; lower, as o's body or head, as in prayer; incline<br> <font size=+1>When you enter a temple, you should stoop and bow slightly in front of the deity</font><br> 1) (kuni) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put an end to; cease (to take or use); discontinue; halt<br> !<br> <font size=+1>katti peesurude niruttu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Stop shouting!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niNNupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> come to a stop; cease; be discontinued<br> <br> <font size=+1>nariya neeram kaziccu maze niNNupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain has stopped, after a long time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5c intr <br> stop; come to a stop; halt; draw up<br> <br> <font size=+1>bassu niNNadukkappuram ellaarum erangunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Okay, everybody get off the bus as soon as it stops</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>store up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seehariccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> collect and put away; gather and lay away for future use; hoard up<br> <font size=+1>We need to store up our stocks in case demand increases</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>straighten out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiiru)</font> 6 tr <br> solve, as a problem, an issue, etc.; resolve, as disagreements, etc.; fix s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en(nooTa) kashTangaLe ava tiittaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She straightened out my problem</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>strengthen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(valuvaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make strong or energetic; revitalize, energize<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiye valuvaakka denamum oTalpayirci senjukiTTirukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am exercising daily to strengthen my hand.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stretch out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 6b tr <br> extend as hands or legs; straighten or spread out (the body or a limb) at full length: <br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandu naTandu valiccadaala kaale viriccu okkaandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since my legs were hurting after walking for long, I sat down and stretched out my legs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stride</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTTi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk fast; walk with long steps; hurry; move rapidly; move purposefully or energetically<br> <font size=+1>When he strides the paths of power, I can't keep up with him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>string together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTuttuvayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> tie or fasten lightly; string together, as garlands, flowers, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tirumbivara varekkum inda puuve toTuttukiTTiru</font><br> <font size=+1>String together these flowers till I return.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>struggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooraaTu)</font> 3 intr, tr <br> fight; contest; argue; put o.s. on the line<br> <br> <font size=+1>namma sodandarattukkaaha nereya peer pooraaTiyirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people have struggled to get our freedom</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stuff</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> force or drive in; force s.t. upon<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava vaayla saappaaTTe tiNikkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't stuff her mouth with food</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTukku)</font> 3 intr <br> knock, bump or hit o.s. against; trip<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In the dark, I stumbled against a rock in the path</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stunned, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maleccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be bewildered or impressed with size, brilliance, unusualness, splendour<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTikkaveeNTiya pustahangaLooTa eNNikkeye paattu maleccu pooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was stunned by the number of books I needed to read</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>stymied, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tehe)</font> 6b intr <br> be puzzled, perplexed or confounded; be nonplussed<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avangalooTa padil enne tehekka veccidu, aanaa kaTesiyile adu enakku purinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was stymied by the response they gave, but finally I understood</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>subdue</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> repress; overpower; curb; force<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLe romba palaatkaaram senji aTakka muTinjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>They were able to subdue them only by using extreme force</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>subjugate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiizppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring under the control of; subdue; get a handle on; control; bring into subjection; vanquish, dominate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kiizppaTuttappaTTa makkaLukku odavuradudaan en oree nookkam</font><br> <font size=+1>Helping subjugated and downtrodden people is my only aim</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>suck up (to)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaalekkuze)</font> 2b tr <br> (of dogs) wag the tail; feign a liking for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru veele vaanga yaar yaarkiTTeyellaamoo vaalekkozekka veeNTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I am forced to suck up to all kinds of different people just to get a job.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>suck up to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaal piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> follow around seeking favor, be an apple polisher, a brown-noser; be obsequious, a yes-man<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelan eppavum modalaaLi vaal piTiciTTee irukkaanee</font><br> <font size=+1>Velan is always sucking up to the boss, seeking favors</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>suffer damage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 4 intr <br> (of a person's name, reputation, image, etc.) be spoiled, damaged or hurt<br> <font size=+1>Their reputation has suffered some damage by awarding of the Olympic games to another city</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>suit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eetta maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be suitable or fitting<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda veele onakku eetta maadiri irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This job suits you.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3b intr 3pn <br> be proper (to); be agreeable; be non-allergenic<br> , <br> <font size=+1>Tii enakku aahum, aanaa kaappi enakku aahaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tea suits me, but I'm allergic to coffee--it doesn't agree with me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sulk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTukaTuNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> scowl; look angry, displeased, frown, etc.<br> . <br> <font size=+1>niinga eppaavum kaTukaTuNNu irukkaadiinga. unga moham paakka sahikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't sulk like that; it makes you look ugly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>summarize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make a summary; abbreviate; explicate the main points of<br> , ?<br> <font size=+1>muzu kadeyeyum keekkradukku enakku neeram ille; adanaale surukki sollungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't have time to listen to all the details, so why not just summarize the main points?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>summon</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppiTTukkoNTu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> fetch s.o., get or bring s.o., as a doctor, a visitor, a taxi, etc.; call for<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku teekci kuuppiTTuTTu vara yaaraavadu veeNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>I need someone to summon a taxi for me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>suppress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTukku)</font> 3 tr <br> keep or put down, as opposition, revolt, criticism, etc.; discourage<br> <br> <font size=+1>???</font><br> <font size=+1>Our boss (leader) suppresses even positive criticism.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>surpass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minjappaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> strive to excell; try to go beyond<br> <br> <font size=+1>niiccalpooTTile indiya ciinaave minjappaattudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Indian athletes tried to surpass the Chinese athletes in the swimming competition</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>surround</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttivaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> enclose; encircle, encompass<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliis kuttavaaLiye suttivaleccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police surrounded the criminal.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suttivaLe)</font> 6b tr <br> surround; encircle; enclose, box in, pin down<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTana naanga suttivaLecci piTiccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We surrounded the thief and caught him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sutti koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> encircle, as a person, a guru, a thief, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan tappiccu ooTa muyarci senjaan, aanaa kavalaalarkaL avane sutti koNTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief tried to get away but was surrounded by the police</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>surrounded</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuz)</font> 2 tr <br> environ; encircle<br> <br> <font size=+1>muraLiye graama makkaL suuzndaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The villagers surrounded Murali.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>swarm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((oreeyaTiyaa) kuuTTam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> invade; crowd together too much; come or flock in large numbers so to overwhelm s.o. or s.t.; overcrowd<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is everybody swarming all over my house and causing problems?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>swarm in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moccukkiTTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> flock, crowd, throng, stream, surge; come in large numbers<br> <br> <font size=+1>teene veLiyee vecca oTane ii ellaam moccikiTTu vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Once the honey was put outside, the flies swarmed all over it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>sweet, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(titti)</font> 6b intr <br> be fragrant or delightful, as memories, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaNattooTa nenevellaam en manasule iNNekkiyum tittikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The memories of that moment are still sweet in my mind</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>swindle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaatti pariccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> maneuver, trick s.o. out of (property, money, etc.); deceive, delude, mislead, take in, hoodwink, fool, outwit, dupe, hoax, gull, cozen, defraud; (inf.) con, pull a fast one on, put one over on, shaf<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga avane eematti avan sotte pariccikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They swindled him out of his property.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>swollen, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viingi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become swollen (as hands, cheeks, lips, etc.); swell up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kosu kaTiccadunaale en kaNNu viingipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My eyes became swollen because of mosquito bites</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viingi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become puffed up or distended, as a boil, an injured part of the body, the abdomen with wind, etc.<br> <font size=+1>His abdomen is swollen because fluid is filling the cavity</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>syn: grateful</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nanri oTevaraa iru)</font> 7i <br> be thankful; be filled with gratitude<br> <font size=+1>moved to syn of previous</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taboo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTe seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> exclude from use, approach or mention; ban, forbid, outlaw<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLi eTangaLLe pohepiTikkrade arasu taTe senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government tabooed smoking in public places.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~(+ g.)~</B> <font size=+1>(peesu @(+neg.)@)</font> 3 intr <br> exclude from mention; forbid the discussion or mention of<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga uurle ade patti yaarum peesa maaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>That topic is tabooed in our village</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seettuTu)</font> add as an extra item; append<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda keeLviyeyum vinaattaaLle seettuTareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will tack this question on to the exam [at the end]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten or attach with or as if with a tack<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Go around the neighborhood and tack these notices onto every tree and post</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tackle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooraaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> come to grips with (an opponent or problem) in order to surmount or overcome<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan korangooTa pooraaTi inda pazatte koNTuvandirukken</font><br> <font size=+1>I tackled the monkey and confiscated this fruit</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccu niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> seize and bring down a person<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTina tiruTane avan piTiccu niruttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tackled the thief who was running away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiTTu)</font> label, identify, or recognize with or as if with a tag<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Nowadays they tag wild animals and track them and their movements</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> attach a ticket or label to, label; ticket<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His luggage was tagged with his name and put in storage</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tag along</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> follow along, accompany<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enge poonaalum avan naay kuuTa poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>His dog tags along wherever he goes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tailor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(amenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> make, alter, or adapt for a given end; customize, make to fit special needs or desires<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan vaangiyirukkra viiTu vasadiyaana eTattule amenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>??The house I bought was tailored/customized into a very comfortable place</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(teyyi)</font> 6b tr <br> produce a garment; have clothing custom-made by a tailor<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda saTTeye tekka oru vaaramaavadu aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take at least a week to get this shirt tailored</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?</B> <font size=+1>(siirkeTu)</font> defile, sully, corrupt; be unfit to eat or drink<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The fish from that river nowadays tend to be tainted with mercury</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peer keTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> cast aspersions on the reputation of; place under suspicion or cast doubt upon; tarnish<br> <br> <font size=+1>uuzal vazakkule sikkiya arasiyalvaadi peer keTTu pooyiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The politician embroiled in the corruption scandal got [his reputation] tainted</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become discolored or unsafe; be contaminated, tarnished<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Russians are claiming that Georgian and Moldovan wine is tainted</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> convey s.o. to a place; carry or transport a helpless or unconscious person<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaayamaTenjavangaLe aaspattirikki koNTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They took the injured persons to the hospital</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pick up<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNi meeselerundu pustahatte eTuttaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Mani took the book from the table</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> select, choose; help o.s. to<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar tooTTattlerundu veeNTiya kaaye eTuttukka sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He said that I could take whatever (vegetables) I wanted from his garden</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> accept; receive<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNi avanTTerundu pustahatte vaanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Mani took the book from him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(saappiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> ingest; receive food or drink into the body; swallow<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar enne saappaaTTooTa maattereye saappiTa sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor told me to take these pills along with my meals</font><br> 1) (vizungu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> grasp with the hands, grip<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande en kayye piTiccu veLeyaaTalaamaaNNu keeTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child took me by the hand and asked me to play with him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> carry, take along (to a location) and leave there<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTiye tabaalaappiisukku eTuttukiTTu poo</font><br> <font size=+1>Take these boxes to the post office</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(parimudal seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> seize authoritatively, confiscate; take possession of<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliiskaaranga tiruTanTTerundu veTiguNTe parimudal senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police took the bombs from the thief's possession</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTikiTTu poo)</font> 3 tr <br> accompany, go along with a (willing and able) person<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamaa avane TaakTarTTe kuuTTikiTTu poonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My uncle took him to the doctor.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>((muuccu) vaangu)</font> 3 intr <br> receive air into the body; breathe in, inhale<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan muuccu vaanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He took a deep breath</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> capture physically, seize, catch, grab<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliisu bayangaravaadihaLeyellaam piTiccuTTu poonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists were taken by the police</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(paTam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> capture, as o's likeness; photograph<br> <br> <font size=+1>naadan enga kuTumbatte paTam piTiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Nathan took a picture of our family.</font><br> 1) (fooTToo eTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(kazi)</font> 6b tr <br> subtract<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>pattulerundu anje kaziccaa evvaLavu minjum?</font><br> <font size=+1>What's left if you take five from ten?</font><br> 1) (eTu) 6 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(14) ~( . )~</B> <font size=+1>(aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> be consumed, as time; be used up, expended<br> <br> <font size=+1>madurekki pooycceera pattu maNi neeram aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take us ten hours to get to Madurai</font><br> 1) (piTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(15) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> convey to another place, deliver, transport<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda bassu ongaLe madurekki koNTu poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>This bus will take you to Madurai</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(16) ~ ~- </B> <font size=+1>(@np-@le poo)</font> 3b intr <br> travel by means of<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>madurekku\i rayille poolaamaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Shall we take the train to Madurai?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(17) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept and place under o's care or keeping; take on<br> <br> <font size=+1>en modalaaLi kuTutta poruppe naan eettukiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I took the responsibility that my boss gave me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(18) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo)</font> 1 tr <br> bring, accept or receive into a particular relation, association, or connection; allow in<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga angattule pudu uruppinare ellaam eettukiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We took some new members into our club</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(19) </B> <font size=+1>(seeru)</font> 6 tr <br> convey, transport, deliver; get s.t. somewhere<br> <br> <font size=+1>nelle kaLanjiyattule seekkradu maNiyooTe poruppu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is Mani's responsibility to take the paddy to the barn</font><br> 1) (koNTu poo) 3b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take (a) turn(s)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maarimaari paNNu @(N tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> perform by turns or alternatively; switch or change off; take shifts<br> <br> <font size=+1>adu romba kashTamaana veele, adanaale niinga reNTu peerum ade maari maari paNNunga</font><br> <font size=+1>It is indeed a difficult job, so the two of you can take turns doing it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take (it) out on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> vent o's anger on s.o. unconnected with the cause of the anger; deflect s.t. onto s.o. else<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaakiTTe irunda koobatte naan en tangekiTTe kaaTTineen</font><br> <font size=+1>The anger I felt for my father I took out on my sister instead</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take advantage of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> impose upon another to his or her detriment, exploit, use<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They took advantage of her trusting nature</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> use to o's advantage, derive profit from, make good use of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTara taNNiye payanpaTutti minsaaratte uruvaakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We can take advantage of running water to generate electricity.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take after</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ -~ </B> <font size=+1>(@N-@e poola iru)</font> 7 intr <br> resemble in character, appearance, temperament<br> <br> <font size=+1>en mahan avan taattaave poolavee irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My son takes after his grandfather</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take aim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri paaru)</font> 6 intr <br> aim, point at<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar enne puliye kuri paattu suTa sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked me to take aim at the tiger and shoot.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take along (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuTTu poo @(N intr)@)</font> 5 intr <br> convey; transport; take or carry with or away; move or transport from one place to another; have on o.'s person wherever one goes. conduct; transmit, carry<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii naaLekki naama poohare tirumaNattukku edeyellaam kaiyooTa eTuttuTTu poohare?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you taking along with you to the wedding ceremony tomorrow?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take apart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piricceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> disassemble or divide into parts<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan gaTihaaratte piriccuTTu enna seyraduNNu teriyaama tiNTaaTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He took the clock apart, but didn't know what to do with it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> carry away, remove; take out, move out, get rid of<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar veeNTaada pustahangaLeyellaam eTuttuTTu poohacconnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked me to take away the books he didn't want</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azeccukkiTTu poo)</font> 3 tr <br> take or remove s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan yaarkiTTeyum sollaama kozandeye azeccukkiTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He took the child away without informing anybody.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi vaangu)</font> accept the return of s.t. given to s.o.; request s.t. to be returned<br> <br> <font size=+1>vitta poruLe ellaam anda kaTekkaarar tiruppi vaangamaaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Once he has sold something, that shopkeeper doesn't take stuff back</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaapas vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> retract s.t. stated or written; eat o's words<br> <br> <font size=+1>vakkiil tannooTa vaadatte vaapas vaanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The lawyer took back his argument.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept s.o.; allow s.o. to return<br> <br> <font size=+1>lankelerundu tirumbinadukkappuram raamar siiteye eettukka maruttaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Rama refused to take Sita back after returning from Lanka.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take by surprise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~( g.)~</B> <font size=+1>(edirpaar @(neg.)@)</font> 6 intr <br> encounter or catch in a particular situation<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze peyyumNu naan edirpaakkalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The unexpected rain took me by surprise</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take care</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be careful, mindful; be cautious, watch out<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maadiri neerattule niinga gavanamaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must take care in such times.</font><br> 1) (azeccuTTu poo) 3b tr<br> 2)j (jaakkredeyaa iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take care of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paattukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> assume responsibility for the maintenance, support or treatment of; watch over, provide for<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaana kaalattule tannooTa ammaave avan paattukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He took care of his mother when she was aged.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take charge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> assume command or control; take over<br> <br> <font size=+1>muzu poruppeyum avaree eettukkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He took charge of everything.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take charge (of)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruppu eettukkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> assume responsibility for; assume office or authority<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu arasu adihaari iNNekki poruppu eettukovaaruNNu edirpaakkuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>It is expected that the new government official will take charge today</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> put down in writing, transcribe, write down<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiri sonnade pattirihekaaranga ezudikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The press took down what the Minister said.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(erakku)</font> 3 intr <br> bring from a higher to a lower position<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTilerundu kaTTile kiize erakkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to take down the cot from the upper floor.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccu eTu)</font> dismantle, take apart, knock down<br> <br> <font size=+1>pandale naanga piriccu eTuttoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We took down the tent</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(maTTam taazttu)</font> 6b tr <br> lower the self-esteem of; put s.o. in their place; knock or take the wind out of s.o.'s sails<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne maTTam taaztti peesinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He took me down a peg</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take effect</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veelee seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> have the intended effect, as a drug<br> <br> <font size=+1>mayakka marundu veele seyya aaramicciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The narcotic started taking effect</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(amalukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> become operative, as under regulation or law; come into effect<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudu reel kaaTTam varra iruvadaam teedilerundu amalukku varum</font><br> <font size=+1>The new railway fares will take effect on the twentieth of the month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take for</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nene)</font> 3 intr <br> consider or suppose to be, regard as<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne muTTaaLNNu neneccu eemaatta paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He took me for a fool and tried to take advantage of me</font><br> 1) (nene) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> consider mistakenly<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeccu muuccu illaadadunaale avar settu pooyiTTaarNu neneccukkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>since he wasn't moving a muscle, I took him for dead</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take for granted</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> think of as true, real or forthcoming; consider as normal<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It used to be taken for granted that the conservatives wanted to cut government spending</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(madippu ??)</font> underestimate the value of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher took for granted that he was stupid, but he turned out to be really smart</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take for o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> accept, take (and keep) for o's use; accept; adopt a policy<br> <br> <font size=+1>sabarikkaaha naan konjam suNTale eTuttukkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I took some sundal for Sabari.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take heart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manase tiTappaTuttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be confident or courageous<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan vishayatte solradukku munnaaTi nii manase tiTappaTuttikko</font><br> <font size=+1>Take heart before I break the news to you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take hold</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 3 intr <br> become established, spread<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oTambu muzukka toolvyaadi paraviccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The skin disease took hold all over his body.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pattikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> seize, as by grasping; grab<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiirNu giita en kaiye pattikiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Suddenly, Geetha took hold of my hand.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(purinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> understand; grasp, comprehend; come to grips with; get a grip on<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaLe ennaale purinjikavee muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I am not able to take in what she was saying</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> include or comprise; allow to enter or join<br> <br> <font size=+1>unne inda veLeyaaTTule seettukkamaaTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We will not take you on in this game.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puhu)</font> 2 intr <br> fill with water, as a boat; leak<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTahule niir puhundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The boat took in water.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> look at thoroughly, view<br> <br> <font size=+1>uurle irukkra kaTTaTatteyellaam paakka neeram poodale</font><br> <font size=+1>We didn't have the time to take in the sights of the city</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> admit, receive as a guest or employee<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNNeyaar enne veeleyaaLaa eettukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The landlord took me in as a servant.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take into account</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakkule veccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> make allowances for; consider, take into consideration; reckon with<br> <br> <font size=+1>leTTar pooy seera reNTu naaLaahumNu kaNakkule veccukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>You should take into account the fact that it will take two days for the letter to reach you.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take leave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTe peru)</font> 4 intr <br> depart, go away; bid s.o. farewell<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>As I was taking leave, I reiterated my thanks</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> run away; cut and run; escape; cut out<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNatte tiruTiTTu anda tozilaaLi engeyoo ooTiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That employee embezzled the money and took off for parts unknown</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(para)</font> 7 intr <br> become airborne<br> <br> <font size=+1>pleen parakka aarambiccadum naanga viiTTukku keLembinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We started for home as soon as the plane took off.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(koNTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> carry off or away<br> <br> <font size=+1>miccamirunda saappaaTTe avan viiTTukku koNTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He took the remaining food home.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kazattu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove, as clothing; disrobe, undress<br> <br> <font size=+1>seruppe veLLe kazattiTTu uLLe vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Take off your shoes outside and come in.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(liivu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> take time off from work;<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelelerundu liivu pooTTu biiccukku pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I took some time off from work and went to the beach</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> deduct, as a discount; remove<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar billulerundu pattu ruubaaye eTuttu viTradaa sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He said that he would take ten rupees off the bill</font><br> 1) (kazi) 6b tr<br> 2) (kore) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> leave in a hurry; run away; cut and run; escape; cut out<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliiskaarane paattadum tiruTan ooTTam piTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When the burglar saw the police, he took off [like a bat out of hell]</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release, as the brake<br> <br> <font size=+1>piTiye eTuttu viTTadum vaNTi nahandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The vehicle moved as soon as I took off the brake.</font><br> 1) (kazi) 6b tr<br> 2) (kore) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> undertake or begin to handle; assume s.t. as part of a larger task; add s.t. to o's other responsibilities<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda veeleye kabaali eettukiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Kabali took on that job.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take on?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> acquire (e.g. an appearance) as or as if o's own, adopt; assume<br> <br> <font size=+1>??[Is this really not used in ST?]</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he turned gray at an early age, he took on the look of an older person</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ? </B> <font size=+1>(?eTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> assume the control or management of, take charge of; wrest control from s.o. else against their wishes; take (power or control) after considerable effort or resistance; force or wrench away from a per<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The government took over the management of the private schools</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take place</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> happen, as an incident; occur<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNam avan viiTTuledaan naTakkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The wedding will take place in his house</font><br> 1) 2 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take root</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padi)</font> 2b intr <br> become fixed or established, become rooted<br> <br> <font size=+1>abdul kalaamooTa peeccu en manasule padinju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Abdul Kalaam's speech took root in my mind.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?? ?</B> <font size=+1>(??pazakkam aahu)</font> get into a habit or steady practice<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It seems that he has taken to drinking</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> become fond of or attached to; grow to like s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Mani seems to have taken to the cat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> develop an interest in or begin a practice; assume. as a habit or hobby<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I've taken up drawing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> begin discussion of, at a meeting<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We'll take this issue up at the next regular meeting</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eendu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise or lift; pick up, heft<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaneye eendi cinna poNNu taNNii eTukka poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The girl took up the pot and went to fetch water.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(toTangu)</font> begin again, resume; pick up at a point previously left<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ezundavoTane marubaTiyum paTikka toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Once he woke up, he took up studying [where he had left off]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>take up?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu viTu (eTuttuTu?))</font> 4 tr <br> use up, consume or occupy<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The extra duties took up most of my time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taken aback, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaccariyamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be surprised, astonished; be unable to comprehend; be rendered speechless; (inf.) be blown away<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga onga tambiyooTa kalyaaNattukku varaadadu enakku romba aaccariyamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I was simply taken aback to hear that you did not attend your younger brother's wedding ceremony</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taken in, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be deceived or swindled; be conned, have the wool pulled over o's eyes<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava peecce keeTTu naan eemaandu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was taken in by her [sweet] talk.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taken, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavar)</font> 2 intr <br> be affected favorably, be charmed, beguiled, fascinated, bewitched, entranced, enchanted, attracted<br> <br> <font size=+1>puuneyooTa veLeyaaTTu enne kavandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was taken by the antics of the kitten.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>talk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeccu naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> negotiate; carry on negotiations with; confer with others in order to reach a compromise or agreement<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu tiiviravaada ameppooTu ellaam peeccu naTatticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Government talked with the terrorist groups.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(araTTeyaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> gossip; circulate rumors, spread stories, tell tales; blab, tattle<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNikki araTTeyaTikkradu romba piTicca vishayam</font><br> <font size=+1>Mani loves to talk a lot of idle chatter</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> chatter, babble; tell tales; (inf.) blab, chew the fat<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava eppavum vaayaaTikkiTTiruppaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She's always talking about something or other</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(peesikkoo @(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> speak of or discuss<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga neettu paatta paTatte patti peesiiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were talking about the movie they saw yesterday</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> articulate, utter, vocalize<br> <br> <font size=+1>en marumahan peesa aarambicciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My nephew is just beginning to talk</font><br> 1) (peeccu vaa) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>talk (s.o.) into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNanga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> persuade, win over, prevail upon, talk into (doing s.t.), bring around, induce, convince, influence, sway, prompt, coerce, inveigle, cajole, wheedle; (inf.) soft-soap, sweet-talk<br> <br> <font size=+1>azahaa peesi avan tan appaave kalyaaNattukku eNanga veccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He sweet-talked his father into letting him get married,</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>talk (s.o.) out of</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> dissuade<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists were going to detonate a bomb, but negotiators talked them out of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>talk (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaloosane keeLu)</font> 5 tr? <br> consult, discuss or confer with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaavooTa oTalnele patti TaakTarkiTTe aaloosane keeTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I talked with the doctor about my father's illness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>talk back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maari peecu)</font> 3 intr <br> make an impertinent reply; speak rudely, impolitely, or insolently<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I let him know that he was not to talk back to me like that, and to just keep his mouth shut</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>talk loudly</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> call out or speak loudly; bellow, shout; make a loud sound; yell; croak;<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaspattriyle katti peesa kuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should not talk loudly in hospitals</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>talk to s.o. (frankly)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollivayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> scold or reproach mildly, chide, give s.o. a piece of o's mind; give s.o. a piece of advice<br> . . <br> <font size=+1>unnooTa freNTu konjam adihamaa peesuraan adu avanukku nalladille. adanaale avankiTTe sollivayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Your friend sometimes talks loosely about me but it's not good for him to do that. Please give him a bit of a talking to</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tall, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neTuha vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> grow straight; grow very elongated<br> <font size=+1>He grew so tall, he is in demand to play basketball</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tally</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to correspond or agree; accord, concur, coincide, conform, correspond, match, fit, harmonize<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I did the math again, but the numbers still don't tally</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tally (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNakkiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> count or reckon; figure out, calculate; do the math<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruppadikki pooyiTTuvara evvaLavu paNamaahumNu kaNakkupooTTu sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tally up how much it will cost to go to Tirupati and back.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tally, keep (a)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> record by making a mark<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to keep a tally of how much you've spent per semester</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tame</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakku)</font> 3 tr <br> domesticate, make tractable; reclaim by human management from a naturally wild condition to a tractable or domesticated state<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>manushan modalle pazakkiya velangu edu?</font><br> <font size=+1>Which was the first animal that man tamed?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> control; make docile or tractable; make easy to deal with; tone down, soften<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane anbunaaledaan vasappaTutta muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>He can only be tamed through love.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> subdue or curb<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaaLeye yaaraaleyum aTakkamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody was able to tame that bull.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tamp (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> pack down tightly by a succession of blows or taps; pound on, push down on<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNiye ellaam azuttiveccaadaan peTTiye muuTamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You can close the suitcase only if you tamp (down) the clothes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tamper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> interfere in a harmful way; meddle or interfere with; monkey around with, mess about with, tinker with, fiddle with, alter/change/adjust illegally; (inf.) fool around with, poke o's nose into<br> <br> <font size=+1>reeTiyoove keTukkaama yuus paNNu</font><br> <font size=+1>Do not tamper with the radio</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> meddle foolishly or rashly; interfere, monkey around; bring about an improper situation or condition by clandestine means<br> !<br> <font size=+1>periyavare ippaTi kozappiTTiyee!</font><br> <font size=+1>You have tampered with things and managed to totally confuse the old man!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tan</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karuhi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become brown or tawny from exposure to the sun<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyille ava moham karuhi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her face tanned in the hot sun.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(karuttu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get or turn brown by exposure to the sun<br> <br> <font size=+1>sankar veyyille alenji tirinji karuttu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sankar roamed around in the heat and got tanned.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toolpadaniTu)</font> 4 intr <br> convert hide into leather; process skins to make leather<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They used to tan hides there, but the smell was terrible in the summer</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikku)</font> 3 intr <br> mix together or intertwine in a confused mass, snarl<br> <br> <font size=+1>eNNe taTavaaTTi en muTi sikkikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>My hair will get tangled if I don't oil it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sikka vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> involve in awkward or hampering complications, entangle<br> <br> <font size=+1>seetu avaLe oru praccaneyle sikka vecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sethu managed to get her all tangled up and involved in her problem.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> trap or ensnare; catch; twist together into a confused mass<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda valeyle oru miinkuuTa maaTTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Not a single fish will get tangled in this net.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tangled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTikkoo@(sh intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> be caught up, be trapped by<br> <br> <font size=+1>eli eliporile maaTTikiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rat got tangled in the rat trap.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tantalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aase kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> excite by exposing to s.t. desirable, while keeping it out of reach, torment, torture, bait; tempt, entice, lure, allure, beguile; excite, fascinate, titillate, intrigue<br> <br> <font size=+1>pandu vaangittareeNNu aase kaaTTi avan kozandeye kaTattinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tantalized the child, saying that he would buy it a ball and then kidnapped it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> strike gently with a blow or a series of blows<br> <br> <font size=+1>muduhe taTTi avane kuuppuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tap him on the back and call him.</font><br> 1) (toTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tape</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ( ) </B> <font size=+1>(@(vaaraale)@ kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten, strengthen or wrap with tape<br> ?? d x ' w !<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists taped his wrists together and then taped his mouth shut</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> join together with tape<br> <br> <font size=+1>koondaale inda peeppare eNe</font><br> <font size=+1>Tape these sheets of paper together.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tape (-record)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padivu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> record on magnetic tape<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan peesinade pooliis padivu senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police taped what I said.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuurahu)</font> 4 intr <br> become sloped or beveled; come together in a point<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda mezuhuvatti meele moneyle kuuraayirukku </font><br> <font size=+1>This candle is tapered at the tip.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuraakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make thinner or narrower toward one end<br> <br> <font size=+1>sirpi seleyooTa kaiyameppe oru monele kuuraakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The sculptor tapered the shape of the statue's arm at the end.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taper (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kammu)</font> 3 intr <br> become diminished, smaller, narrower<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaL puuraa peesi peesi avan koral kammipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>He spent the whole day talking, and gradually his voice tapered off.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taper off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuruhi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> diminish or become smaller gradually<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga duuram poohappooha male kuruhi poonamaadiri terinjidu</font><br> <font size=+1>It appeared as if the mountain tapered off as we went farther and farther away.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tar</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taar pooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> cover or coat with tar<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalameccar inda uurukku varadaale tervukkellaam taar pooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the Chief Minister is visiting this town, they tarred all the roads.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>target</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> aim at or for; have as o's goal or target<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They are always targetting an audience aged between 25 and 50</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make a target of; aim at<br> <br> <font size=+1>baalu kuri vecci suTTaa niccayamaa tappaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>If Balu targets something and shoots, he never misses.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tarnish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mangi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> dull the lustre of, discolor, esp. by exposure to dirt or air; rust, oxidize, corrode, stain, dull, blacken<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazetaNNii paTTadule sovarooTa neram mangi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The wall got tarnished because of the rainwater falling on it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTu)</font> 6 tr <br> spoil or detract from, taint; disparage, (inf.) diss, bad-mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>silabeer enakku irukkara nalla peere keTukka paakkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people are trying to tarnish me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taste</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saappiTTu paaru)</font> 6b intr <br> ascertain flavors in the mouth; judge s.t. by tasting<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jaangiriye saapiTTu paattu nallaa irukkaaNNu sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Taste the jaggiri and let me know whether it's okay</font><br> 1) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(rusi paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> ascertain the flavor of by taking in the mouth<br> <br> <font size=+1>uppu sariyaa irukkaaNNu rusi paattu solleen</font><br> <font size=+1>Could you taste this dish to see if it needs more salt?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(anubavi)</font> 6b tr <br> experience, esp, for the first time<br> <br> <font size=+1>toolviye anubaviccaadaan veTriyooTe mahime onakku puriyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You will understand the greatness of victory only if you have tasted defeat.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taste and see</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ b/ f+~ </B> <font size=+1>(@vb/inf+@ paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> try s.t.; test s.t. to determine its suitability<br> <br> <font size=+1>paakka kasappaa irundaalum kashaayatte kuTiccu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Even if it looks bitter, taste the potion and see how it is.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tasty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(rusiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be delicious; be sweet<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>saappaaTu rusiyaa irukkaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Is the food tasty?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tatter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kandalaayiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be(come) ragged; be in shreds or tatters, be threadbare<br> <br> <font size=+1>en saTTeyellaam ippaTi kandalaayirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>All my shirts are tattered like this.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tattoo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pacce kuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> mark the skin with a tattoo<br> <br> <font size=+1>giri tannooTa kaadaliyooTa peere tannooTa kaile pacce kuttikiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Giri tattooed his girlfriend's name on his arm.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>taunt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiNTal paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> deride or reproach contemptuously, mock; jeer, gibe, sneer, insult, barb, catcall; tease, provoke, goad, deride; (inf.) bad-mouth, dig, put-down<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalejule matta pasanga eppavum enne kiNTal seyyaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The other students in college are always taunting me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tax</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(baLu somattu)</font> 3 tr <br> make difficult or excessive demands on; burden<br> <br> <font size=+1>enmeele veele baLu somatti somatti enakku vaazkkeyee veruttupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>He taxed me with so many demands that my life became miserable.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vari madippiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> assess or levy a tax on<br> <br> <font size=+1>adihaaringa veLinaaTTu tangattukku pudusaa vari madippiTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The officials will again tax imported gold.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>teach</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(??karpi)</font> 6b tr <br> teach; communicate; cause s.o. to learn or understand s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??ennooTe vaadyaar paaTangaLe romba teLivaa karpippaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My instructor teaches the lessons very clearly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sollikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> impart knowledge or skill, instruct<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru taTave sollikkuTuttaa poodum soomu oTanee purinjikuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>All you have to do with Somu is teach him once, and he gets it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(upadeesi)</font> 6b tr <br> advocate or preach<br> <br> <font size=+1>saamiyaar upadeesiccade naan kaNTukkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I ignored what the sage taught (me).</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> provide knowledge of, instruct in<br> <br> <font size=+1>?Not used in sp?</font><br> <font size=+1>It is not that easy to teach.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(oNattu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to learn by example or experience<br> <br> <font size=+1>sattiyattooTa valimeye gaandi olahukku oNattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Gandhi taught the world the strength of truth.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>team (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTaseeru)</font> 2 intr <br> join together; get together with s.o. to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelu kuuTaseendu naan vangiye koLLeyaTicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I teamed (up) with Velu and robbed the bank.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kizi)</font> 6b tr <br> rip, shred; pull apart or to pieces with some force<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadir kaTudaasiye reNTaa kiziccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Kadir tore the letter in half</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> separate forcefully, wrench, snatch, grab<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan iTliye en kayyleerundu piTunginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tore the idli from my hand</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piyyi)</font> 6b tr <br> pull apart or into pieces, rend<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman koobattule en saTTeye piccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman tore my shirt in anger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(toLe)</font> 6b tr <br> make an opening by ripping; break open, rip open; gash<br> <br> <font size=+1>veTiguNTu sovare toLeccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bomb tore [a hole in] the wall.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kizinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be ripped, torn, shredded<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTe kizinju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My shirt has gotten torn</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiru)</font> 3 tr <br> lacerate, e.g. the skin; perforate; cut (open), gash, slash, tear, rip, rend, shred, score, scratch, scrape, graze; wound, injure, hurt<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I caught my finger on a splinter, and it tore my skin</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tear (down/along)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tale terikka ooTu)</font> 3 intr <br> rush headlong; move quickly without regard for limits; dash, run or travel somewhere in a great hurry; race, run, sprint, bolt, dart, gallop, career, charge, shoot, hurtle, fly, speed, zoom, scurr<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan teru vaziyaa tale terikka ooTrade paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I saw him tearing down the street</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tear (o.s) away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) - </B> <font size=+1>(@X@lerundu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> leave or remove o.s. unwillingly or reluctantly; force o.s. to leave or quit s.t.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I was enjoying the conversation so much I had to tear myself away to go and get my son</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tear down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi)</font> 6b tr <br> demolish; pull or knock down; completely destroy or break; bring down, destroy, flatten, raze (to the ground), level, bulldoze, topple; blow up; dismantle, disassemble; implode <br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaTTaTatte iTiccuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They tore down the old building</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piriccu eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take apart, dissassemble<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We had to tear down the engine of the car and completely rebuild it from scratch</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> denigrate or vilify; scorn, bad-mouth; look down on; reject, spurn, freeze out, pooh-pooh, disdain, turn down, disparage, ridicule<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Why do you always have to tear down what other people are promoting?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tear into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taakku)</font> 3 tr <br> attack with great violence or vigor<br> <br> <font size=+1>karaTi tiTiirNu enne takkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The bear suddenly tore into me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tear up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sora)</font> 7 intr <br> fill with tears<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaNle kaNNiir sorandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>His eyes teared up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kizicceri)</font> 2b intr <br> destroy, shred, rip to shreds or tatters<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaadalikiTTerundu vanda kaTudaasiye kiziccerinjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tore up the letter sent by my lover.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kasi)</font> 2b intr <br> ooze, exude or let fall drops of liquid; become weepy<br> <br> <font size=+1>seydiye keeTTavoTane ava kaNNule niir kasinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>She began to tear up on hearing the news.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tease</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naiyaaNTi seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> mock; satirize; ridicule; mimic. taunt<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>anda cinna kozandeye een ippaTi naiyaaNTi seyyare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you teasing that little kid like that?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keeli paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> make fun of playfully; toy with<br> <br> <font size=+1>konjam keeli senjaale ava oTanee azuduTuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She starts crying even if you tease her just a bit.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aase kaaTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> tantalize, toy with s.o., play with<br> <br> <font size=+1>nambiyaar enne aase kaaTTi moosam senjuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>It was not nice of Nambiyaar to tease me like that</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tondaravu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> annoy or vex<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTikkumboodu enne tondaravu seyyaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't tease me while I am studying.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>teem</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nerenjiru)</font> be full of, swarm, be bursting with<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda koLattule miinellaam nerenjirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This pond is teeming with fish.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>teeter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTu)</font> walk or move unsteadily, totter, stagger, shuffle<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadunaale en appaa naTakkumboodu taLLaaTaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father kind of teeters as he walks because of his age.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>telecast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLiparappu)</font> 3 intr <br> broadcast by television; televise<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurle tamiz paTanga ellaam nyaayittu kezeme aNNeki oLiparappuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Tamil movies will be telecast on Sundays in this city.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>telegraph</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tandi aTi)</font> 6b intr <br> send or convey a message by telegraph; send a wire<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en appaakku tandiyaTikka sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked me to telegraph my father</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(arivi)</font> 6b tr <br> make known, as an intended action, in a subtle way, in advance, or unwittingly<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLekki guNTu vekkradaa tiiviravaadinga ariviccirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorists have telegraphed the message that they will bomb tomorrow.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>telephone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(foonle peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> communicate by telephone; call s.o. on the telephone; phone s.o.; give s.o. a ring; ring s.o. up<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan aTutta vaaram avankiTTe foonle peesuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will telephone him next week.</font><br> 1) (fooNle peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>televise</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oLiparappu)</font> 3 tr <br> telecast, transmit<br> j <br> <font size=+1>iNNekki tyaagaraajar utsavatte Tiiviile neeraTiyaa oLiparappinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They televised the Thyagarajar festival live.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> give a detailed account of, narrate<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna naTanduduNNu naan solliTreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will tell (you) what happened.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vevari)</font> 6b tr <br> communicate by speech or writing, express in words; recount<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paTattooTa kadeye avvaLavu arumeyaa vevarikkraanee</font><br> <font size=+1>He is telling the story of the movie so well!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(terivi)</font> 6b tr <br> make known to, inform<br> <br> <font size=+1>talevar varamaaTTaarNu toNTarungakiTTe teriviccuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tell the (party) members that the leader will not be coming.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tell (fortunes)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuri sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> foretell, soothsay<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tirucci poona poodu oru koratti enakku kuri sonnaa</font><br> <font size=+1>When I went to Trichy, a gypsy woman told my fortune</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tell on (s.o.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaTTikkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give s.o. away; reveal the identity of; blow the whistle (on); reveal treacherously; betray; tattle, spill the beans<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappu senjavangaLe naan kaaTTi kuTuppeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to tell on the people who made the mistake</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>temper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pakkuvappaTuttu)</font> modify by the addition of an agent or quality, moderate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>need better examples here</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padamaakku)</font> bring to a specified physical condition, as consistency, texture or hardness by or if by blending, admixing or kneading<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> harden, strengthen or toughen metal by application of heat or alternate heating and cooling<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In metallurgy, metals are tempered by heating and then cooling it very rapidly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tempt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soodi)</font> 6b tr <br> entice s.o. to commit an unwise or immoral act, esp. by a promise or reward<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNatte kaamiccu avan enne soodikkraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is tempting me by flashing money around</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aase kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> incline or dispose s.o. strongly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I am tempted to accept his offer and go abroad for my education</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kavar)</font> 2 tr <br> be inviting or attractive to<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa azahaale sundari avane kavandaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sundari tempted him with her beauty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> be likely; have a tendency or disposition to do or be s.t.; be inclined<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Things tend to work themselves out in the end, but it may take time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> be disposed or inclined; have a strong habit of doing s.t. a certain way<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>She always tends to put all her eggs in one basket, instead of weighing alternatives</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> extend or move in a certain direction<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The road tends toward the northeast, so you have to correct for that</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> serve, take care of; watch over<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He tended sheep and goats for a living</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tender</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samarppi)</font> offer formally; turn in, give over, hand over, deliver<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamu tannooTa koorikkeye modalvarkiTTe samarppiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramu submitted his request to the Chief Minister.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tense</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(irukku)</font> make or become tightly stretched, strained<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan bayattule tan kayye irukkikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tensed his hands in fear.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>terminate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> occur or form at the end of, conclude<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This rail line terminates here, so you have to take a bus to go further</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> bring to an end or halt; stop, interrupt, cease<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaTTaTatte kaTTrade oTanee niruttunga</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to terminate construction on this building immediately</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> come to an end, conclude, end<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jeyakaantanooTa toTarkade poona vaaram muTinjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Jayakanthan's serial story terminated last week with a whimper instead of a bang</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veelelerundu niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> discontinue the employment of; fire s.o. from a job<br> <br> <font size=+1>sadaasivane modalaaLi veelelerundu niikkiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The boss terminated Sadasivan's employment.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>terms, come to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> reach an agreement; conclude a negotiation<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to come to terms with the labor unions, and end the strike</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>terrible, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayangramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be scary; cause fear; be fearsome; be terrible, as of appearance, weather, illness, etc.; be extreme in size, intensity, quality, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>saLi bayangramaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I have a terrible cold.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuruuramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be cruel or savage; be violently fierce<br> <br> <font size=+1>kole naTanda eTam paakka kuruuramaa irundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The place where the murder took place looked just terrible</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>terrify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(dihiluuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> frighten; cause consternation or fear; scare; startle, alarm, terrify, petrify, unnerve, intimidate, terrorize, cow; strike or inspire terror in(to), put the fear of God into, chill s.o. to the bone/<br> <br> <font size=+1>iyakkunarooTa aTutta paTam oru dihiluuTTum paTamaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The director's next movie will be a terrifying one</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> intimidate; make fearful; scare s.o.; petrify<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I was terrified that I would fail the exam and not be able to go on</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kalavarappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> fill with terror, alarm, fear; frighten greatly, scare s.o. to death<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNNeyaarooTa aaLunga uure kalavarappaTuttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The chieftain's men terrified the village.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>terrorize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meraTTi paNiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> fill or overwhelm with fear, terrify; frighten greatly<br> <br> <font size=+1>koLLekaaranga enne mereTTi paNiya veccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The robbers terrorized me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> coerce by intimidation, violence, threats, or fear; make s.o. an offer they cannot refuse<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They terrorized him so thoroughly that he willingly handed over large sums of money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>test</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padam paaru)</font> test consistency, esp. in cooking<br> <br> <font size=+1>keesariye padam paattappuram aTuppulerundu erakku</font><br> <font size=+1>Test the kesari and [if it's done] then take it off the stove.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(parisoodane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> subject to a test, examine<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar en kaNNe parisoodane senjaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor tested my eyes.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> be rated as a result of a test; have a certain outcome as a result of a test<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He tested positive for the virus</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>testify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTci kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> make a declaration of truth or fact under oath; serve as witness or give evidence<br> <br> <font size=+1>koleye paattavanga yaarume saaTci kuTukka marukkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Noone who saw the murder is willing to testify.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTci sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> bear witness; serve as witness or give verbal testimony<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>unnaale dairiyamaa niidimanrattukku vandu saaTci solla muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you come to the court and testify without fear?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tether</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kambivaTattinaale kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten with a chain, rope, or fastener<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda maaTTe een veeliyle kambivaTattunaale kaTTiyirukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why have you tethered this cow to the fence with a cable cord?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTippooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> restrict with or as if with a tether; tie up<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa kaNNukkuTTiye kaTTippooTacconnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father asked me to tether the calf.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thank</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nanTri sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> show or express appreciation or gratitude, esp. verbally<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaaraavadu namakku odavinaa oTanee nanTri sollaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If someone helps us, we should thank them immediately.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thatch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeyi)</font> 2b tr <br> cover the roof of a house with straw thatching<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavule kiraamattu viiTTule ippavum kuure veeyiraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In Indian villages people still thatch the roof with straw</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuure pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cover with or as if with thatch<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTisekki kuure pooTakuuTa avakiTTe paNam ille</font><br> <font size=+1>She doesn't even have money to thatch the roof of the hut.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thaw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> melt, change from frozen to liquid state<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyille paNikaTTiyellaam uruhiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The snowflakes thawed in the heat.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(moham malar)</font> become less reserved, relax; warm up emotionally or politically; lose stiffness, numbness or impermeability by being warmed<br> <br> <font size=+1>bommeye paattavoTane kozandeyooTa moham malandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The baby's face thawed on seeing the doll.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>theorize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(n/a)</font> 1 tr <br> speculate; provide a theory of or about<br> <br> <font size=+1>n/a</font><br> <font size=+1>Galileo theorized the motion of the stars.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thicken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 2b intr <br> curdle; clot; jell; freeze; firm (become)<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>tayiru nallaa orenjiTuccaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Has the yogurt thickened up okay?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make firm, strong or solid; cause to be thick or thicker; make turgid<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozambe geTTiyaakkinadukkappram aTuppulerundu eTuttu kiize vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Once the sambar gets thick, remove it from the stove and put it down below</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTikka kaaccu)</font> 3 tr <br> make thick or thicker; remove liquid to increase the density of a semi-liquid substance<br> <br> <font size=+1>vellappaahu nallaa varaNumNaa ade taTikka kaaccaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>For the jaggery syrup to turn out well, we need to thicken it by boiling it and boiling it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTiyaahu)</font> become thickened; get thicker, denser; freeze<br> <br> <font size=+1>frijjile veccadule taNNii kaTTiyaayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The water thickened and froze after it was kept in the refrigerator.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ore)</font> 2b intr <br> congeal; become thicker, denser, harder<br> <br> <font size=+1>paale romba kaacinadunaale paal orenjipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since we had boiled the milk a lot, it thickened.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizu)</font> fall out, as hair<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku muTi viza aarambicciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My hair has started thinning and falling out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thin (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koonjeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> weed out, as extra plants; reduce thickness or proximity of plants etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>azuhipoona ceTiye koonjeTuttaa nalla ceTiyellaam sezippaa vaLarum</font><br> <font size=+1>If we thin out the weak plants, the strong ones will grow better.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTa(r)tti kore)</font> 2b intr <br> become thin or thinner; reduce in volume, as hair; become sparse, few and far between<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadunaale en muTi aTatti korenjipooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>As I have become older, my hair has thinned out a lot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thin(ner), get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niirttuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become watery<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNi paTTadule eleyellaam niirttuppooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The leaves got thinner because of the water.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thin, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meli)</font> 2b intr <br> be or become emaciated; lose weight<br> <br> <font size=+1>sudaakar inda oru varushattule romba melinjiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sudhakar has become very thin in just this one year.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be compressed; be narrow, gaunt, angular; be thin as a rail<br> <br> <font size=+1>panjattule aTipaTTavan maadiri oTungipooyiTTaaye</font><br> <font size=+1>You have thinned down like a man in a desert</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eLecciTu)</font> 6b intr <br> become weak in strength or less in stature; become gaunt, haggard, or lank<br> <br> <font size=+1>sariyaa saapTaadadunaale nii eLecciTTa</font><br> <font size=+1>You have grown thin from lack of proper nutrition</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thin, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(melinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> slim down; lose weight, become emaciated<br> <br> <font size=+1>sariyaana saappaaTu illaadadunaale ava melinji poonaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She grew thin from lack of proper food.</font><br> 1) (eLeccu poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>think</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nene)</font> consider or regard; estimate; have a particular opinion, belief, or idea about s.o. or s.t.; believe, suppose, expect, imagine, surmise, conjecture, guess, fancy<br> <br> <font size=+1>aayvu adihaaringa anda nelattukku romba madippu irukkradaa neneccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The inspectors thought that the land was very valuable.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nene)</font> 6b tr <br> have care or consideration; consider the feelings and needs of others; have or formulate in the mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar eppavum tannooTa mahane pattiyee neneccuTTirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He is always thinking of his son.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aaloosi)</font> decide by thinking; conclude, determine, reason ; (inf.) reckon, figure<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba naaLaa veele maattade patti aalosicci(ki)TTu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have thought about getting a new job for quite some time now.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccuppaaru)</font> reason about or reflect on: ponder<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avaLe kalyaaNam senjiTTaa ennellaam praccane varumNu neneccuppaaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Think of all the problems that would arise if you marry her!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) ~ b+~ </B> <font size=+1>(@vb+@laamNNu iru)</font> 7 intr <br> weigh or consider the idea; have an idea or intent to do s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>miin piTikkalaamNu irukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are thinking of going fishing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(sindi)</font> 6b intr <br> exercise the power of reason; cogitate<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppavum sindiccu seyalpaTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must always think and then act.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> remember; recall, call to mind; bring up a memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakkaaha avan senja odaviye ellaam neneccu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Think of all the help he has rendered you.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> judge or regard; be of the opinion or conviction that;<br> <br> <font size=+1>keekamaaTTaarNu paTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't think he will listen to me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(gavanam seluttu)</font> 3 intr <br> concentrate o's thoughts on; be fixed on a particular idea or goal<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paNam sambaadikkraduledaan gavanam seluttuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He thinks only of making money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaaru)</font> 6 intr <br> imagine, expect; consider; have s.t. occur to one<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu peer varuvaangaNNu naan edirpaakkavee ille</font><br> <font size=+1>I never thought so many people would come</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(nenevukku vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> recall a thought or image; remember, recall, call up; come to mind<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peer ippa nenevukku varalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I can't think of his name right now</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaaru)</font> 6 intr <br> hope or expect; look forward to a particular result<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNam keTekkumNu edirpaatteen aanaa keTekkale</font><br> <font size=+1>I thought I would get some money but I didn't.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(13) </B> <font size=+1>(aaloosi)</font> decide by thinking; conclude, determine, reason ; (inf.) reckon, figure<br> <br> <font size=+1>romba naaLaa veele maattade patti aalosicci(ki)TTu irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I have thought about getting a new job for quite some time now.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>think s.t. over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neneccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> consider; give a matter some thought; cf. also weigh up, give thought to, examine, study, mull over, ponder, contemplate, deliberate over, cogitate about, chew over, meditate over, ruminate over, turn<br> .<br> <font size=+1>ide patti konjam neneccukkoonga</font><br> <font size=+1>Think it over; give it some thought.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>think (back)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nene)</font> 6b tr <br> have or formulate in the mind; have a persistent memory<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda sambavatte neneccu paakkumboodu bayamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>When I think back on that incident, I get scared.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>think (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(yoosane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> consider, deliberate; reflect, ponder; give a matter some thought<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla yoosane senju muTiveTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Think it over and then decide</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>think (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> devise or evolve, invent (thought up a way to beat the system<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He thought up a way to beat the system and make a lot of money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>think about s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~(1 )~</B> <font size=+1>(neneccikkoo @(1 tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> have thoughts about s.t.; reflect upon s.t.; remember fondly or with care; keep s.o. in o's thoughts<br> <br> <font size=+1>uurukku poonadukkappuram enne patti neneccikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Think about me after you've gone away.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>think highly of o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(perisaa nenaccukkoo@(sh tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> be conceited; fancy o.s.; have delusions of grandeur<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppavum tanne patti perisaa neneccikkuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tends to think very highly of himself.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>think over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karudu)</font> 3 tr <br> check s.t. out; think things over and then proceed; deliberate<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi seyradu balan tarumaaNNu yoosiccappuram ade aarambi</font><br> <font size=+1>Please think it over as to whether it would be useful to do this and then proceed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thirst (for/after)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> have a strong desire for, yearn for, long for<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasepaTTadellaam namakku keTekkradille</font><br> <font size=+1>We don't get everything we thirst for.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thirsty, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(daahamaa iru)</font> 7 intr + dat. <br> feel a strong desire to drink; be very parched or dehydrated<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku oree daahamaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>I am very thirsty.</font><br> 1) (taaham eTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thrash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vLaasu)</font> 3 tr <br> beat; flog; drub<br> <br> <font size=+1>anga kuuTiyirundavanga avane vLaasinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people gathered there thrashed him</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> hit, beat, punish severely<br> ( ) <br> <font size=+1>avan tappaana badil sonnaan-ngradukkaaha vaaddyaar avane aTiccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>The headmaster (used to) thrash him when he gave a wrong answer.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat with or as if with a whip or stick, flog; strike, batter, thump, hammer, pound, rain blows on; assault, attack; cudgel, club; (inf.) wallop, belt, bash, whack, thwack, clout, clobber, slug, tan (<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naaye eppaTi aTikkaraan paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>See how he is thrashing the dog!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tookkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> defeat utterly, vanquish; give s.o. a thrashing<br> <br> <font size=+1>aanand kaarpoove sulabamaa tookkaTiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Anand thrashed Kasparov decisively</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thrash about</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poraLu)</font> toss and turn, as in sleep<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tuungaame paTukkeyle poraNTukiTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is thrashing about in his bed instead of sleeping.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thrash out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peesi muTi)</font> 6b tr <br> discuss fully; decide on; hammer out an agreement, contract, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasum tozilaaLar sangamum maruttuva paTi patti peesi muTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Government and the labor union thrashed out an agreement about health care benefits.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thread</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTattule nahandu poo@(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> thread o.s. through a crowd; move through a crowd by inserting o.s. like a knife<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTattule nahandu pooha neeramaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will take time to thread our way through this crowd</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nuul kooru)</font> 6 tr <br> pass one end of a thread through the eye of a needle<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNaaTi pooTTadaan ennaale uusile nuul kookka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I can thread a needle only if I wear my glasses.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> pass s.t. through in the manner of a thread; weave s.t. in and out to get through s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nuule inda eTeveLi vaziyaa seluttamuTimaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you thread the twine through this gap?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thread (o's way)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaziyaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> make o's way cautiously through; weave o's way through a thick crowd etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kuuTTam vaziyaa eppaTiyoo pooyTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He somehow threaded his way through the crowd and got away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>threaten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sakki kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bully, force o's way into s.t.; make a show of strength or power to impress or intimidate<br> !<br> <font size=+1>anda sinnavan kattiye veccu enneyee sakki kaaTTinaan!</font><br> <font size=+1>That kid even threatened me with a knife!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> express a threat against; state o's intention to take hostile action against s.o. in retribution for s.t. done or not done; menace, intimidate, browbeat, bully, pressure<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan avankiTTe kattiye kaaTTi meraTTi paNatte pariccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief threatened him with a knife and robbed him of his money</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> warn s.o. with unpleasant or undesirable consequences<br> <br> <font size=+1>niidipadi avangaLe niidimanTrattulerundu niikkradaa bayamuruttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The judge threatened to expel them from the room.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ~ b~ </B> <font size=+1>(@vb@ poola iru)</font> 7 intr <br> give signs or warning of, portend<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze peyyum poolirukkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Its threatening to rain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>threatened, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meraNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> feel threatened; fear that s.t. bad will happen to o.s.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kattiye paattadum meraNTu pooy paNatteyellaam kuTuttuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He felt threatened when he saw the knife, and gave up his money</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thresh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooraTi)</font> 6b intr <br> beat out and separate the grains from the stalks; beat the stems and husks of grains<br> <br> <font size=+1>aruvaTe kaalattule maaTukaTTi pooraTippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>During harvest time, oxen are used to help thresh the grain.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thrifty (be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkanamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> practice thrift, economize; be parsimonious<br> <br> <font size=+1>sikkanamaa irundadaaladaan ennaale viiTu kaTTa muTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to build a house only because I was thrifty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thrill</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pullari)</font> 6b intr <br> excite greatly; stimulate, arouse, stir, electrify, move, give joy/pleasure to; (inf.) give a buzz/charge/kick to<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaa poorle jeyicca seydiye keTTavoTane engaLukku pullariccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We were thrilled to hear news of India's victory in the war.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mahizcci aTe)</font> 2b tr <br> give great pleasure to, delight; excite, stimulate, arouse, stir, electrify, move, give joy/pleasure to; (inf.) give a buzz/charge/kick to; turn s.o. on<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande porandadule enga kuTumbattule ellaarum mahizcci aTenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone in our family was thrilled on the birth of the child.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTikka seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> be moved emotionally, be trembling or vibrating with emotion<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalle aTipaTTadu enne tuTikkasenjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I was thrilled with ??? in the leg?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thrive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLar)</font> 2 intr <br> prosper: make steady progress; do well, blossom, boom<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona irubadu varushattule indiyaa veehamaa vaLandurukku</font><br> <font size=+1>India has thrived in the last twenty years.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sezi)</font> 2 intr <br> grow vigorously: flourish, blossom<br> <br> <font size=+1>maze penjadum ceTiyellaam sezippaa vaLarattoTangiiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The plants started thriving as soon as it rained</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throb</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vali)</font> 6b intr +3pn+dat. <br> pound, ache; be splitting<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku tale valikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My head is throbbing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eyangu)</font> 3 intr <br> beat, pound, vibrate, pulsate, or sound with a steady, pronounced rhythm<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>en edayam eyangara sattam onakku keekkudaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you hear my heart throbbing?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> beat rapidly or violently; pound<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayattule en nenju paTapaTaNNu tuTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My heart throbbed in fear.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throng</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraNTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> swarm in; flock in in large numbers; crowd in, stream, surge<br> <br> <font size=+1>ilavasa poruTkaLe aLLa makkaL teraNTu vandaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People thronged the place in order to take the free stuff</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nere)</font> 6b tr <br> fill up; crowd; as in a place; come in large numbers<br> <font size=+1>The crowds thronged the public squares just before midnight</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(teraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> gather, press into or move in a throng; flock, troop, swarm<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda maanaaTTule makkaL lakshakaNakkule teraNTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People came thronging by the thousands for that conference.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nerukku)</font> 3 intr <br> press in on, crush, congregate in large numbers, assemble, crowd (in)<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahaamaham koLattule kuLikka makkaL ellaarum engaLe nerukkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People thronged the Mahamagam lake to take a ritual bath.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> crowd into, fill<br> <br> <font size=+1>eeraaLamaana makkaL saamiye darisikki kooyille kuuTiyirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>A large number of devotees had thronged the temple to worship the deity.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throttle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koralvaLiye neri)</font> 6b intr <br> choke or strangle; prevent from breathing by constricting or obstructing the throat or depriving of air; kill by choking<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuTravaaLi goopiyooTa koralvaLiye nerikki koNNirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The culprit has strangled Gopi to death.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 tr <br> hurl, as a series of questions; project, toss; barrage<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTe viisiTTu tiiviravaadi ooTiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The terrorist ran away after throwing the bomb.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fling; hurl; drop; plop; pitch; propel with some force through the air or in a particular direction; toss, pitch, cast, lob, launch, catapult, project, propel ; bowl ; (inf.) chuck, heave, sling, b<br> !<br> <font size=+1>pande engiTTe tuukki pooTu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Throw the ball in my direction!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eri)</font> 2b tr <br> hurl, cast, project, propel<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan naaymeele kalle erinjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He threw a stone at the dog.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 tr <br> hurl with great force, as in anger<br> j <br> <font size=+1>mamtaa baanarji koobattule sabaanaayahar meele peeppar kaTTe viisinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Mamta Banerjee threw a bundle of papers at the Speaker in anger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throw (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki eri)</font> 2b tr <br> hurl to the floor or ground; cast down, fling, chuck<br> <br> <font size=+1>viveek koobattule pustahatte tuukki erinjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Vivek threw the book away in anger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throw (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put (clothes) on hastily; toss on<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTeye maaTTiTTu siikkaram keLambu</font><br> <font size=+1>Throw on your shirt and get ready quickly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throw away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 tr <br> get rid of as useless, discard, dump, trash<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu samecca saappaaTTe kuppeyle viisiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I threw yesterday's food away, in the garbage.</font><br> 1) (tuukkiyeri) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> waste or use foolishly; dispose of, get rid of; trash<br> <br> <font size=+1>saappaaTTe enda kaaraNattunaaleyum viiNaakkakkuuTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>You should never throw away food for any reason</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throw out (an idea)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> propose, suggest, make a suggestion or proposal, put an idea on the table, toss out a suggestion<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody was proposing anything serious, so I threw out an idea</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throw out/away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erinjiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cast out; get rid of, trash, dispose of<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTule irunda pazeye tuNiyeyellaam naan neettu erinjuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I threw away all the old clothes in the house yesterday.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throw s.o. off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappiyuuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> perplex or mislead; confuse, confound<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tappaana vaziye kaaTTi enne oreeyaTiyaa kozappiyuuTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He gave me some misinformation and it completely threw me off.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throw up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaandi eTu)</font> 6 tr, intr <br> vomit, fetch up; toss o's cookies; lose o's lunch; puke<br> <br> <font size=+1>male eerumboodu en tambi vaandu eTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My brother threw up when we were climbing the mountain.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>throw up (a smokescreen)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNule maNNe tuuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> deceive; cheat; pull the wool over s.o.'s eyes<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan kaavalrhaLooTa kaNNule maNNe tuuviTTu tappiccuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief threw up a smokescreen in the police officers' eyes and escaped.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thrown out, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be rejected; be voted out of office; be bounced, demoted, sacked; be shown the door<br> <br> <font size=+1>graama taleyvan graamattu peeraale taLLupaTappaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The village leader got thrown out by the citizens in the elections.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thrown, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nelekole)</font> 2b intr <br> be upset, lose balance, be thrown for a loop<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalvi mandiri tanakku eerpaTTa toolviyaale appaTiyee nelekolenjipooyTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The education minister has been thrown off balance by his recent electoral defeat.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thrust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLu)</font> shove s.t. into s.t., push suddenly or violently in the specified direction; force, plunge, stick, drive, propel, ram, poke<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan savitaave saakkaTele taLLiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He thrust Savitha into the ditch.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> push or drive quickly or forcibly<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar payyanooTa kaiyule uusiye seluttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor thrust the needle into the boy's arm.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stab or pierce, as with a dagger<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeran tannooTa taattaave kattiyaale kuttiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The grandson thrust a knife into his grandfather's chest.</font><br> 1) (kuttuTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b tr <br> force s.t. upon s.o.; make unwelcome advances towards s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku anda veele seyya viruppamee ille aanaa ade en meele tiNicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't want the job but it was thrust upon me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thump</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> beat or strike heavily; make a heavy, dull, loud noise; strike, smack, cuff, punch; beat, thrash, batter, belabor, pound, pummel, box s.o.'s ears; (inf.) whack, wallop, bash, biff, bop, lam, clout, cl<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I heard him thumping around upstairs late last night again.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thunder</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iTi mozangu)</font> 3 intr <br> produce thunder; make a noise like thunder; move heavily and noisily<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamar ville oTeccavoTane iTi mozangiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It thundered when Lord Rama broke the bow.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mozangu)</font> 3 intr <br> produce sounds like thunder; speak loudly and emphatically<br> j <br> <font size=+1>inda teerdalle niccayamaa naanga jeyiccee tiiruvoomNu enga kaTci talaivar iTimozakkamaa mozanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our party leader thundered that we would definitely win this election.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> express violently, commandingly or angrily, roar<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa en tambikiTTe koobattule kattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father thundered in anger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>thwart</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muriyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> defeat, beat, vanquish, overcome; conquer, win a victory over, get the better of, rout, trounce, thrash, overcome, overpower, overthrow, overwhelm, crush, quash, quell, subjugate, subdue, repulse<br> !<br> <font size=+1>avan tiTTangaLe naan muriyaTippeen!</font><br> <font size=+1>I will thwart his plans!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 4 tr <br> prevent from taking place, frustrate, undermine, counteract<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadingaLooTa kaTattal moyarciye pooliis taTuttuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police thwarted the attempts of the terrorists to hijack (the plane).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(TikTikkuNNu aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> emit recurring sharp, clicking sounds, as a clock; make a regular ticking noise<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTihaaram TikTikkuNNu aTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The clock ticked.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ticket</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> provide with a ticket; complete the routing of a ticket<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You have been ticketed to fly there by way of Japan, not by way of Europe</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> tr <br> issue s.o. with a ticket indicating a violation of some rule or regulation<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The police ticketed him for speeding in a residential neighborhood</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tickle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kiccukiccu muuTTu)</font> 2b tr <br> touch lightly so as to cause laughter or twitching movements<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vayasule en aNNan eppavum enne kiccukiccu muuTTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>My brother always used to tickle me when I was young.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mahizcci uuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tease or excite pleasurably, titillate; provide pleasure, satisfaction, delight, or amusement; delight, amuse; fill with mirth or pleasure<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I was tickled pink to hear from you after such a long silence!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tide over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odavu)</font> 3 tr <br> support through a difficult period; give s.o. a temporary hand; help s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku paNanerukkaTi irundappa rameeshdaan enakku odavinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramesh gave me a loan to tide me over when I had financial problems.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tidy (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make things clean or tidy; clean s.t. up; make order<br> <br> <font size=+1>sameccadukkappuram samayalareye suttappaTuttu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tidy up the kitchen after you're finished cooking.</font><br> 1) (ozungupaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tie</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTattunaale kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten, esp. with rope, cord; secure<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTe saikkaLe vaTattunaale kaTTiyirundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He had tied his bike with a cable cord.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varinju kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> bind or fasten tightly<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayatte nallaa varinju kaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tie the rope tightly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten by drawing together the parts or sides and knotting with strings or laces<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTattalkaaranga kayattaale enne izuttu kaTTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The kidnappers tied me up with rope.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6b tr <br> bring together closely, unite<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaale nallaa eNeccu kaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tie his legs together.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make a knot or bow by tying<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu taTave muTiccu pooTTadaale avvaLavu sulabamaa pirinjiTaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It (the rope) won't come unfastened so easily--I've tied it twice.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tie (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fasten, bind or secure with or as if with a cord, rope, or strap<br> <br> <font size=+1>yasooda krishNare kayattaale kaTTippooTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Yashoda tied up Krishna with a rope.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tie up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTippooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> restrict or bind s.o. or s.t.; restrain s.o. by tying<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanooTa ediringa avane piTiccu kaTTippooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>His enemies caught him and tied him up.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tied up, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be or keep occupied or inaccessible; be busy, be at work<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa veleyaa irukkaaru--enna vishayamNu enkiTTe sollunga</font><br> <font size=+1>My father is tied up; can you let me know what the matter is?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tie up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nirutti vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> impede the progress of; snarl<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu naTanda vibattu are maNi neerattukku meele pookkuvaratte niruttivecciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The accident yesterday tied up traffic for more than half an hour.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poNe, peNe)</font> 6b tr <br> yoke together; join together, as rafters, scaffolding; clasp hands; secure<br> <br> <font size=+1>saayangaalam neeram vandaporahu graamangaLle maaTuhaLe poNeppaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the village in the evening when the cows come home they tie them up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tighten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> make or become taut or tight; stretch<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaiye izuttu kaTTaleNNaa avan tappicciTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He will escape if you don't tighten the ropes that are holding him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(irukku)</font> 3 tr <br> make or become tighter, more compact, or more secure; tighten, make fast, fasten<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTTepeTTiye irukki kaTTunga, illaaTTi teranduTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Tighten the ropes of the box so that it doesn't open up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make strict, make less lenient or more difficult; complexify<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeraasiriyar kaalejooTa vidiyeyellaam kashTamaakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The professor has tightened the college rules.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(iruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> become tight<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobattule avan moham iruhiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His face tightened in anger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>till</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uzu)</font> 1 tr <br> prepare land for cultivation by plowing, harrowing and fertilizing<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa naaLmuzukka vayale uzuduvaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father has been tilling the land the whole day.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tilt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayi)</font> 6b tr <br> bend a thing, tip at an angle; assume or cause to assume a sloping position; heel over. incline or lean or cause to lean toward one side<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooppeye saayccaa koLTrink kiizee koTTiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>The drink will spill if you tilt the cup</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saanju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> slope, incline; lean to one side<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi iTiccadule inda maram saanju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>This tree has kind of tilted since the vehicle hit it.</font><br> 1) (sarinjju poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saaccu piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to slope, as by raising one end, incline; turn to one side<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattaratte saaccu piTiccaa paal kiize koTTiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you tilt the vessel, then the milk will fall on the floor.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tilted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~x~ </B> <font size=+1>(@x@ pakkam saanjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be partial or lean to one side<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaTTaTam oru pakkamaa saanjiyirundudu </font><br> <font size=+1>That building was tilted to one side.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>time</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neeratte kuri)</font> 6b intr <br> set the time for; record the time expended for s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar kozande poranda neeratte kuriccikiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor timed the birth of the child.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiyam puusu)</font> 3 intr <br> line or reline (esp. brass cooking utensils) with tin<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda saTTikki iiyam puusaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to tin that pot.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tinged, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tazuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> be affected slightly as with a contrasting quality; have a faint color of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava sandooshamaa irundaalum ava mohattule eedoo oru sooham tazuviyirundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Though she was happy, her happiness was tinged with a bit of sorrow.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tingle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(silir)</font> 6 intr <br> have a prickling, stinging sensation, as from cold, a sharp slap or excitement<br> <br> <font size=+1>en payyanooTa peecce keeTTappo oTambellaam silittudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My body tingled when I heard my son's speech.</font><br> 1) (pullari) 2) (uruttu) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tinker</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nooNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> play around with or toy with machine parts experimentally; work in an amateurish or desultory way; meddle, tamper with, fiddle around with, interfere with, mess around with<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda bommeye veccu veLayaaTu ade appaTiyum ippaTiyum tiruhi nooNTikiTee irukkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Play nicely with that toy, don't keep taking it apart and tinkering with it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tinkle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kilukilu)</font> 6 intr <br> make or cause to make a succession of short light ringing sounds; make light metallic sounds, as those of a small bell; clink<br> <br> <font size=+1>selviyooTa golusu gilugiluttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Selvi's anklets tinkled.</font><br> 1) (oli) 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tint</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saayam puusu)</font> 3 tr <br> color or dye; immerse in dye in order to change the color<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda seelaikkellaam saayam puusa evvaLavu paNamaahum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How much will it cost to dye these sarees?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bakshiish kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give a gratuity to<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda ooTTalle veele seyyara aaLukku naan bakshiish kuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tipped the person who works in this hotel.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tip (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahaval kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> provide advance or inside information to<br> <br> <font size=+1>ovvoru vaaTTiyum namma tiTTatte patti yaaroo tiruTTugumbalukku tahaval kuTuttuTaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone is tipping off the robbers about our plan everytime.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tip (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaviz)</font> 6 tr <br> knock over or upset, topple, turn upside down; invert<br> <br> <font size=+1>puune taNNii toTTiye kavuttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cat tipped over the pail of water.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tipple</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> drink, esp. habitually<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan taan sambaadikkra paNattule paadiye kuTiccu selavaziccuTaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He spends half of what he earns just tippling.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tiptoe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padungi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> move stealthily, walk on tiptoes; pussyfoot (around)<br> <br> <font size=+1>een tiruTan maadiri padungi naTakkare</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you tiptoeing around like a thief?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaakkradeyaa naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk quietly and carefully with o's heels raised and o's weight on the balls of the feet<br> j <br> <font size=+1>inda rooTTule paLLamellaam nereya irukkradunaale jaakkradeyaa naTa</font><br> <font size=+1>Since there are lot of potholes on this road, tiptoe around them.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(salippuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> exhaust the interest or patience of, bore<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava peeccu enakku salippuuTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her talk tired me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow weary, fatigued, exhausted<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandu naTandu avan kaalellaam taLandu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His legs tired after walking for so long.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLara vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> make weary, fatigue; exhaust<br> <br> <font size=+1>en freNTse nereya duuram naTakkaveccu avangaLe taLara vecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tired my friends my making them walk a lot.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(saliccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow bored or impatient, lose interest; (inf.) be fed up with<br> <br> <font size=+1>denamum kaaleyle doose saappiTTu saliccu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I am tired of eating dosai every morning.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tired out, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oonju poo)</font> 3 intr <br> be fatigued or exhausted; be wiped out<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalelerundu raattiri varekkum viTaama veele senju naan oonju pooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was tired out from working from morning till night without stopping.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tired, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asandupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become weary, dejected or disheartened; be fatigued, exhausted<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalelerundu veele senju asandupooyiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm tired from working from morning til night</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLecciTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be or become tired or exhausted; be worn out<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele senju naan kaLecciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am tired of working</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLeccu poo)</font> 3b intr 3pn + dat (u <br> become worn out or wearied; become exhausted, fatigued<br> <br> <font size=+1>onakku saktiyee ille oTanee kaLeccu poore</font><br> <font size=+1>You have no strength, you get tired quickly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tithe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattule oru pangu seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> contribute or pay a tenth part of o's annual income<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan varushaavarusham en sambaaddiyattule pattule oru pange mudiyoor illattukkellaam seluttivareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tithe a tenth of my annual income every year to old age homes.</font><br> 1) (kaaNikke kuTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toast</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaazttu)</font> 3b tr <br> drink to the health or honor of<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNa vizaale ellaarum maNamakkaLe vaazttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>At the wedding, everyone toasted the newlyweds</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> brown lightly; singe<br> <br> <font size=+1>roTTiye doose taTTule pooTTu vaaTTi kuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Toast the roti in the dosai pan for me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tatti tatti naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk with short, unsteady steps<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kozande ippodaan tatti tatti naTakka aaramiccirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That child has just started toddling.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toe the line?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B>3 intr <br> obey rules conscientiously, conform<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Around here, you better learn to toe the line, or else!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oze)</font> 6b intr <br> labor untiringly and continously; work like a dog; slave away<br> <br> <font size=+1>en maamaa denamum vayalle kaTumeyaa ozekkraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My uncle toils hard everyday in the fields.</font><br> 1) (veele seyyi) 2b intr<br> 2) (kaTumeyaa oze) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tolerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poru)</font> 6 tr <br> put up with, endure, allow the existence or occurrence of<br> <br> <font size=+1>en maamiyaar enna sonnaalum naan poruttukkuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will tolerate anything that my mother-in-law says.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(anumadi)</font> 6b tr <br> permit; condone; accept, swallow, countenance<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleejle taNNi aTikkrade inimee anumadikkamaaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The university will no longer tolerate drinking alcohol on campus.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eTamkuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> recognize and respect; allow, permit the existence of<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naaTTule matta madangaLukku eTam kuTukkamaaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In that country, they don't tolerate other religions.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toll (see ring)</b></font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tone (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neratte maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> soften or change the color of<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda ooviyattule paiyanooTa saTTeyooTa neratte maattinaa innum nallaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>In this painting, if you tone down the color of the boy's shirt, it would be even better.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tone down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b intr <br> moderate, decrease, lower<br> <br> <font size=+1>eNNe paNTatte saappiTrade nii koreccikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should tone down the intake of oily foods.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saandappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make less vivid, harsh or violent<br> <br> <font size=+1>unga peeccu romba kaTumeyaa irukkradunaale ade konjam saandappaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Your speech is very inflammatory, so you need to tone it down a bit</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tongue-tied, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaTeccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become speechless, as from shyness, embarrassment, or astonishment<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda sinimaa naTihayooTa azahe paattu naan vaayaTeccu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was tongue-tied in the presence of that actress' beauty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uudu)</font> 3 tr <br> sound a horn or whistle in short blasts<br> <br> <font size=+1>visile uudinavoTane rayil porappaTTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>When the whistle was tooted, the train started.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>top</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minju)</font> 3 tr <br> surpass or exceed; excel, be better than, get the better of; overshadow<br> <br> <font size=+1>teremayaa peesaradule un mahan unneyee minjiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>When it comes to non-stop talking, our son tops you</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(modalmeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be at the head of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tannooTa vahuppule ellaa paaTattuleyum eppavum modalaavee irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He topped the class in all subjects every year.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>topple</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> remove; knock over; destabilize; cause to fall from power; overturn<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga sarvaadihaaryooTe aaTciye oree vaarattule kavuttuTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We toppled the dictator's regime in a week.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> push over, overturn<br> <br> <font size=+1>ramaNaa anda poNNe male uccilerundu kiize taLLiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ramana toppled that girl from the mountain top.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taTukki vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> totter and fall; fall over, tip over, keel over, overturn, capsize; fall head over heels<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan ooTiTrundapoodu taTukki vizunduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I toppled when I was running.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>torch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(posukku)</font> 3 tr <br> set fire to; burn, scorch; destroy fortune, etc., by wasting it away; destroy by fire; put the torch to<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaval adihaaringa kaTattal poruTkaLe ericcu posukkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police officals torched the smuggled items</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tii koLuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> set fire to; ignite; destroy by fire<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda uurkaaranga enga kuTiseye ellaam tii koLutti ericcuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Those villagers torched all our huts.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>torment</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tunpuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to undergo extreme physical pain or mental anguish<br> <br> <font size=+1>visaaraNeyle avan tannooTa maneviye tunpurutti vandadaa teriyavandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Investigations revealed that he was tormenting his wife.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manam nondu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> upset or agitate greatly; be distressed<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku engeyum veele keTakkaadunaale manam nondu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was tormented because I couldn't get a job anywhere.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vadeccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> undergo extreme physical pain or mental anguish<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan erappeyee neneccu unne niiyee vadeccukkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't torment yourself by thinking about his death.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>torture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sittravade seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> subject to cruel and inhuman physical pain, usu. to extract information<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTattalkaaranga enne romba cittravade senjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The kidnappers tortured me a lot.</font><br> 1) (koTume paTuttu) 3 tr<br> 2) (veedaneppaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toss</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> throw dust in the air<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ippuTi een viiTu muzukka tuusu tuuttare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you throwing dust around the house like this?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukkituukki pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> throw or heave continuously about<br> <br> <font size=+1>sunaamile kaTalle aleyellaam ooTatte tuukkituukki pooTTade naangka paattoom</font><br> <font size=+1>During the tsunami, we saw the boats being tossed wildly about by the waves</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kalakku)</font> 3 tr <br> disturb or agitate; mix<br> <br> <font size=+1>saadattule elumicceye pizinju manjaLaare vare kalakkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I squeezed lemon over the rice and tossed it till it turned all yellow.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(suNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> flip a coin so as to decide a matter<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaase suNTipooTTadule tale vizundadaale naanga modalle veLeyaaTTe aarambiccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>When we tossed the coin, we got heads and so, we got to start the game.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki pooTu)</font> throw lightly with or as if with the hands<br> <br> <font size=+1>kirikeT pande raamukiTTe tuukki pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Toss the cricket ball to Ramu.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toss (and turn)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruLu)</font> 1 intr <br> move o.s. about vigorously and from side to side<br> <br> <font size=+1>neettu raattiri tuukkamee illaame uruNTu uruNTu paTuttuTTrundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was tossing and turning in my sleep all night long last night.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toss (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> throw out; dispose of; get rid of; dump<br> <br> <font size=+1>poora pookkule paiyile irunda kuppeye kuppetoTTile pooTTuTTu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>The trash I had in the bag I tossed in the trash can on my way out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>total</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuLaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> smash to smithereens; destroy, demolish.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vibattule vaNTi edurule vanda iNNoru vaNTiye tuuLaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In the accident, one vehicle hit the other one head-on and totalled it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> determine the sum or total of; add up<br> <br> <font size=+1>eTTeyum eTTeyum kuuTTinaa padinaaru varum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you total eight and eight, you get sixteen.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(mottamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> come to or equal a total of, add up to, amount to<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga vaangina saamaanukkellaam mottam nuuru ruubaa aaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The things you bought (come to a ) total (of) 100 rupees.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naasamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> demolish a vehicle completely, esp. in an accident<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en vaNTiye laari meele moodi ade oreeTiyaa naasamaakkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I crashed the car into a truck and totalled it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(mottam aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> equal a total of, add up (to), amount (to)<br> <br> <font size=+1>niinga vaangiya saamaangaLukku mottam nuuru ruubaay aaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the things you bought total 100 rupees.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>totter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> walk unsteadily<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaakku vayasaanadunaale naTakkumboodu romba taTumaaruraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Since my father got old, he totters when he walks.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> sway as if about to fall; stagger around<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan taNNi aTicciTTu rooTle aaTikiTTee naTanduTTrukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is drunk and tottering in the road.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> walk unsteadily as a small child; walk with small, irregular steps<br> <br> <font size=+1>en taattaakku vayasaanadunaale taLLaaTuraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Since my grandfather has become old, he kind of totters</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>touch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTu)</font> 4 tr <br> contact, feel<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tuNi toTaradukku miruduvaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>This cloth feels soft when you touch it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaipaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> lay hands on in violence; molest<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava meele en kaipaTTadum ava vekkattule talekuninjaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She lowered her head in shame when I touched her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(toTu)</font> 4 tr <br> move the feelings of, touch; bring s.t. into contact with s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>lakshmi ezudina naaval ennooTa manase romba toTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The novel that Lakshmi wrote touched me very much.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(taTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tap or nudge lightly; physical make contact; brush against<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tiTiirNu en tooLle taTTinadaale bayanduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got frightened when he suddenly touched my shoulder.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(toTa vayyi)</font> bring one thing into contact with s.t. else; bring two things together<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne tiikkucciye toTa veccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He made me touch the matchstick.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> disturb by handling; mess up; defile<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tange varenja koolatte yaaroo kalecciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone touched the kolam that my sister made.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>touch (on)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTTiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> adjoin, border; be adjacent or contiguous to<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaashmiirooTa sila pahudi paakistaan elleye oTTiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Some parts of Kashmir touch the borders of Pakistan.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>touch down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erangu)</font> 3 intr <br> land or make contact with a landing surface<br> <br> <font size=+1>pleen eranginavoTane naan onakku foon paNreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will call you over the phone as soon as the flight touches down.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>touch off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pattavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to explode, fire; ignite; spark<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaikkool poorle tiikkucciye pooTTu ade pattavecciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I dropped the match on the pile of straw and touched off a fire.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTivuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> initiate, trigger; ignite<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTihayooTa tamiz pombaLengaLe pattina peeccu periya praccaneye tuuNTivuTTuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The actress' comments on Tamil women touched off a huge controversy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>touch on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTum paTaama peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> touch in passing; touch upon a subject while discussing s.t. else; mention briefly<br> , <br> <font size=+1>ava veeleye patti peesum poodu, tannooTe kaNavane patti paTTum paTaame peesinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>While talking about her job, she touched upon the subject of her husband in passing.</font><br> 1) (meerpoorkaa kurippiTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> pertain to, concern; mention<br> <br> <font size=+1>meeyar naharattule naTakkra kuttangaLapatti kurippiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Mayor touched on the issue of crime in the city.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>touch up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaNe paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> improve by making minor changes or additions<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTikkaTi mohatte oppaNe paNNaaTTaa sila naTihayooTa moham azahaa irukkaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>There are some actresses, who, if their faces are not touched up frequently, don't look good.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toughen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTumeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make stricter or more rigid; tighten, strengthen, fortify, reinforce, harden, temper; (inf.) beef up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalluuri ezuttutiruTTu cambandamaana vidiye ellaam kaTumeyaakiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The university has toughened its policy on plagiarism.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toughen (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make or become tough<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan denamum oTalpayirci senju oTambe tiTappaTuttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I exercised constantly and eventually toughened my body.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tour</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttuppayaNam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> go on a tour, explore; travel around, esp. for recreational or touristic purposes<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa ammaa aTikkaTi suttuppayaNam seyvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My parents [go on] tour a lot.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tousle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalecciviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> rumple, as hair; mess up; make or become unruly or disheveled<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en talemuTiye kalecciviTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tousled my hair.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tout</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaraaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> publicize as being of great worth; mention favorably; attempt to sell s.t., typically by pestering people in an aggressive or bold manner or by direct or persistent approach<br> <br> <font size=+1>en maamaa romba paaraaTTinadaale naan anda ooTTalukku pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>My uncle touted that hotel as being very good and so I went there.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttukkiTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> draw or pull along behind by a chain or line; drag<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan laariyooTa vaNTiye meduvaa izuttukiTTu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He towed the car slowly along behind the truck</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>towel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tovaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> wipe or rub dry with a towel<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLiccavoTane tuNTaale taleye tovaTTikoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Towel your hair [dry] when you finish bathing.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tower over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oyaramaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> rise to a conspicuous height, loom higher than s.t. or s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNa poNNu maappiLLeyeviTa oyaramaa irukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>The bride towered over the groom.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>toy with</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLeyaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> amuse o.s. idly, trifle; play with s.o. or s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande bommeyooTa romba neeram veLayaaTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child toyed with the doll for a long time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trace</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meele ezudu)</font> 3 intr <br> write or form letters with special concentration or care<br> <br> <font size=+1>ezuttu meeleeye ezudiyezudi nallaa ezuda pazahikkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>You can learn writing well by tracing [over] the letters.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vare)</font> 2b tr <br> make a design or series of markings; sketch (out)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTaTatte paattu paattu adooTa amaippe varenjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I looked at the building and traced its shape.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> copy by following lines seen through a sheet of transparent paper<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda paTatte paTiyeTukkradu romba kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is very difficult to trace this picture.</font><br> 1) (Trees paNNu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>track</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> pursue successfully; trace; follow up on; chase down<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTTu naTandu oru maasam aayum pooliisaale tiruTane kaNTupiTikka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>The police were not successful in tracking the thief, even a month after the theft.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(padiya vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> deposit as footprints; make tracks<br> <br> <font size=+1>sahudile naTandu viiTTukuLLe nozenju viiTu muzukka azukke padiyavecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was walking in the mud and tracked mud in the house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uttuppaaru @(r tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> observe s.t. carefully; look into and discover<br> <br> <font size=+1>niruvanattooTa vaLarcciye uttuppaattadule adooTa veTrikki enna kaaraNamNu teriyavandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>After tracking the company's growth, we were able to determine the reason for its success.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vyaabaaram seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> engage in buying and selling for profit, e.g. on the stock market<br> <br> <font size=+1>vyaabaaram seyyaNumNaa mudaliiTu seyya paNam veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you want to trade [on the stock market], you need money to invest.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~X~ ~ ~ </B> <font size=+1>(@X@kuTuttu @Y@vaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> make an exchange of one thing for another; barter; give and take<br> <br> <font size=+1>en pakkattu viiTTukkaararkiTTe arisiye kuTuttu paruppu vaangineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I traded rice for lentils with my neighbor.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>traffic</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maremohamaa villu)</font> 5 tr <br> trade or barter, esp. illegal or improper goods<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan maremohamaa poodeporuLe vittukiTTu irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was trafficking in drugs.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttukiTTu vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> permit to drag or stream behind, as along the ground<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan ruumle nozeyumboodu tannooTa tuNTe tareyle izuttukiTTee vandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He entered the room, trailing his towel on the floor.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pintangu)</font> follow slowly, lag behind<br> <br> <font size=+1>male eerumboodu naan meduvaa poonadaale naan en kuuTTaaLingaLaviTa romba pintangiyirundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I trailed behind my friends while climbing the mountain since I was going slow.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTar)</font> 2 intr <br> extend, grow or droop over a surface<br> , <br> <font size=+1>inda ceTi tuun meele eppaTi paTandurukku, paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>How this plant has trailed over the pillar!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pintoTar)</font> 2 intr <br> drift in a tenuous stream behind s.o. or s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When he entered a room, Winston Churchill would be typically trailing cigar smoke behind him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trail (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(korenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become gradually fainter, decrease, lessen, decline, reduce, subside, die down, abate, dwindle, fade, slacken off, moderate, let up, ebb, wane, recede, die away/out, peter out<br> <br> <font size=+1>neeram aaha aaha kaakkaayooTa sattam korenju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cawing of the crows trailed off as time passed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>train</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakku)</font> 3 tr <br> put through exercises, forms of practice; train<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaye pazakkradu avvaLo kashTamille</font><br> <font size=+1>It is not difficult to train a dog.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payirci kuTu)</font> 6 tr + dat <br> give exercise to; cause to go through exercises or practice<br> <br> <font size=+1>en aNNan enakku viTaama payirci kuTuttadudaan en verrikku kaaraNam</font><br> <font size=+1>I succeeded only because my brother trained me incessantly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakku)</font> 3 tr <br> coach; give practice in; teach (a person or animal) a skill or type of behavior through regular practice and instruction<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereye neeram kaLekkaame ooTradukku payirciyaaLar engaLe pazakkinaaruu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our coach trained us to run for long hours without getting tired</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(payirci kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> make proficient with special instruction and practice<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavu payirci kuTuttaalum vikramaale nallaa veLeyaaTamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how much I train Vikram, he ends up not being able to play very well.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B>4 intr <br> receive training or schooling<br> <br> <font size=+1>He went abroad to be trained to manufacture explosives</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paTara seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause a plant to take a desired course or shape, as by tying, pruning, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ceTiye kayittaale kaTTi sovar meele paTara senjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I trained the plant to spread along the wall by tying it up with a rope.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(pazakku)</font> 3 tr <br> coach in or accustom to a mode of behavior or performance<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vahe naaye ellaam pazakkradu sulabam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is easy to train this breed of dogs.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>train o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahu)</font> 3 intr <br> accustom to a mode of behavior or performance; teach or discipline o.s. to do s.t.; get used to s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLinaaTTule irundadaale maamisam saapTa pazahikkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since I was living abroad, I trained myself to eat meat.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>train?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payil)</font> prepare physically, as with a regimen<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tramp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaalazutti naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk with a heavy, firm step; trudge; stomp, clump around<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan meelmaaTile kaalazutti naTakkradaale sattam varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>We hear noises because he's tramping around upstairs</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go on foot, hike, tromp; walk heavily<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan denamum veeleki pattu mail naTandu pooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tramp up 10 miles everyday on my way to work.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tramp (up and down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ale)</font> 2b intr <br> wander about aimlesslessly; clump around<br> <br> <font size=+1>tabaal peTTiye teeTi naan inniki oru maNi neeram alenjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tramped up and down for an hour looking for a postbox.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trample</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTume paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> treat ruthlessly or harshly; tread on and crush; tread under foot; treat with contempt; tread heavily or contemptuously on<br> <br> <font size=+1>sadaam huseen makkaLe romba koTume paTuttunaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Saddam Husein trampled on [the rights of] a lot of people</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(midi)</font> 6b tr <br> beat down with the feet so as to bruise, crush or destroy; tread under foot; tread on, walk over, stamp on, stomp on, squash, crush, flatten<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTu meeykkappoona vevesaayiye yaane midiccu konnuppooTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>An elephant trampled a farmer to death who had gone to graze his cow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trample on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urime pari)</font> 6b tr <br> abrogate; violate; tread heavily or contemptuously on; treat harshly<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu vivasaayingaLooTa urimeye ellaam pariccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Government is trampling on the rights of farmers.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transcend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(miirippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> surpass, go beyond, exceed; rise above or across<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii elleye miirippoonaa naan niccayam taTuttu niruttuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you transcend the limits, I will definitely stop you.</font><br> 1) (taaNTi poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transcend?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTiccel)</font> pass beyond (a human limit) (feelings that transcended understanding<br> <br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transcribe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(?peyartt ezudu)</font> 3 tr <br> write or type a copy of, write out fully, as from an electronic recording medium<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>There are lots of old recordings of Tamil dialects; we need to transcribe and preserve them</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transfer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattiyuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> exchange or hand over title to (property); put s.t. in another's name<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa sottule oru paadiye ennooTa peeran peerukku poona maasam maattiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I transferred one half of my property to my grandson last month</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> legally register title (of property), esp. under s.o. else's name<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNappar tannooTa peerule irunda sottu ellaatteyum tannooTa peeran peerukku maattiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Mr.Kannappar transferred title of all the property in his name to that of his grandson</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> convey or make over the possession or legal title to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar viiTTe ava peerukku maattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He transfered the deed to the house to her name</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> move o.s. from one location, job, or academic institution to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>inga irunda kaTe kooyambeeTukku eTam maariTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The shop that was here has been transferred to Koyambedu.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> carry, remove, or shift from one person, position, place to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>tareyle keTakkra saamaaneyellaam alamaarile eTuttu vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Transfer all the things lying on the floor to the shelf.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(maattiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> assign or move to a new or different place<br> <br> <font size=+1>en aafiisle enne veeluurukku maattiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They have transferred me to our office in Vellore</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transform</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urumaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change the form, nature, function, or condition of; alter, convert, metamorphose, transfigure, transmute; revolutionize, overhaul; remodel, reshape, remould, redo, reconstruct, rebuild, reorganize, r<br> <br> <font size=+1>arangattooTa vaTive muzusaa urumaattappooroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We are going to completely transform the shape of the auditorium</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maatti ame)</font> 6b tr <br> alter markedly the appearance or form of; transmute<br> <br> <font size=+1>en viiTTe vaastupaTi maatti amekkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to transform my house the way Vasthu did.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(meyyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make actual, real, bring about, happen; make a silk purse out of a sow's ear<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyye meyyaakkradule periya aaLu avaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Him, he's very good at transforming a lie into something that sounds truthful</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transgress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(attu miiru)</font> 3 intr <br> act in violation of; fall back; misbehave, behave badly, break the law, err, fall from grace, stray from the straight and narrow, sin, do wrong, go astray<br> j <br> <font size=+1>nii kuTiccuTTu attu miirinaa odecciTuveen jaakkrade</font><br> <font size=+1>Be careful! If your drinking leads you to stray from the straight and narrow and transgress, I will beat you up!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> go beyond or over (in limit or boundary); overstep, exceed, infringe, breach, break, contravene, violate, defy, disobey. <br> <font size=+1>If you transgress the laws of the land, the punishment is harsh!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>translate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mozipeyar)</font> 6 tr <br> render; construe; interpret; express the sense of (words or text) in another language<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahaabaaradam pala mozihaLLe mozipeyarkka paTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The Mahabharata has been translated into many languages</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change from one form or style into another, convert; make s.t. be realized in another form<br> j <br> <font size=+1>en kanaveyellaam nejamaa maattappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to translate all my dreams into reality.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transmit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oliparappu)</font> 3 tr <br> send, as by wire or radio, broadcast, distribute<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTu nihazcciye inniki reeTiyoovule oliparappinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The music programme was transmitted by radio today.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transpire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> happen, occur; come to be known; prove to be the case that; turn out, leak out; become known, emerge, come to light, be revealed, turn out, come out, be discovered<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna naTanduduNNu engaLukku teLivaa sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tell us clearly what transpired.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transplant</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> uproot and replant, as a tree; move an organ from one donor to another<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We' re going to transplant all the flowers in front of the house to the back</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transport</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eettikkiTTu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> convey from one place to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>laari saamaneyellaam madurelerundu veeluurukku eettikiTTu vandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The truck was transporting things from Madurai to Vellore.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>transpose</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maatti ame)</font> 6b tr <br> reverse the order or place of, interchange<br> <font size=+1>As he was typing the sentence, he transposed two letters, and completely changed the meaning of it!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> place in a confining or embarrassing position; snare, ensnare, enmesh, entrap, catch, corner<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelu enne vaaddiyaarkiTTe maaTTiviTTuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Velu trapped me in front of the teacher.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(valele piTi)</font> 6b tr <br> catch in or as if in a trap, entrap<br> <br> <font size=+1>miineyellaam inda valele piTikkradu kashTam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is tough to trap fish with this net.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trapped, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikku)</font> 3 intr <br> become snared, enmeshed, caught; be cornered<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga viricca valele puli sikkiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tiger has got trapped in our net.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTe)</font> 6b tr <br> destroy (literally or figuratively), ruin or frustrate; smash<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTanga avan kaTeye aTiccu oTeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The gangsters trashed his shop</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naasamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> vandalize, smash<br> <br> <font size=+1>aarppaaTTakkaaranga kaTeyeyellaam naasamaakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The protestors trashed all the shops.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> criticize harshly, deprecate, subject to malicious gossip or criticism; scorn; hold in contempt, look down on, disdain, disparage, slight, deride, mock, scoff at, sneer at<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In his review of my work, he thoroughly trashed it, saying it was "useless."</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viisi eri)</font> 3 tr <br> throw away, discard; get rid of, dispose of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After the hurricane, we had to trash all sort of things that were ruined</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>travel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(prayaaNam poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go on a trip or journey<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan aTikkaTi singappuurukku prayaaNam pooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He travels to Singapore often.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payaNam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> move from one place to another, journey<br> <br> <font size=+1>TikkeT illaama bassule payaNam senjavangaLe pooliis piTiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The police caught the people travelling on the bus without tickets.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(pooykkiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> pass over or through<br> <br> <font size=+1>bassu male pakkam pooykiTTirundappa kiize uruNTu vizundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>As the bus was travelling in the mountains, it [accidentally] rolled over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>traverse</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTa)</font> 7 tr <br> extend across, cross<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTale kaTandaadaan indiyaalerundu singaLattukku poohamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to traverse the sea in order to reach Srilanka.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taaNTu)</font> 3 intr <br> pass across, over or through; jump over<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda koLatte taaNTa eppaTiyum reNTu maNi neeram aahum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will definitely take two hours to traverse this lake.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tread</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(midi)</font> 6b tr <br> press beneath the foot, trample; put down harshly or cruelly, crush<br> <br> <font size=+1>madattule yaane yaaneppaahane midiccu koNNuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>In a frenzy, the elephant tread on the elephant keeper and trampled him to death</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk over, on or along<br> <br> <font size=+1>cappal illaame naTandaa inda eTattule muL kuttiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you tread here without slippers, you will get pricked by thorns.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>treasure</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oyarvaa madi)</font> 6b tr <br> value highly; place great value on, prize, set great store by, think highly of, hold dear<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan anda naTiharooTa teremeye romba oyarvaa madikkareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I treasure that actor's skills a lot.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>treat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sihicce seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> give medical aid to; render assistance to<br> <br> <font size=+1>sariyaana neerattule sihicce senjadaale vaasu uyirpozeccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Vasu survived since he was treated in time.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> consider or regard in a certain way; behave towards, act towards, use; deal with, handle; have to do with or behave in a specified manner toward<br> <br> <font size=+1>en maamaa enne tannooTa sonda mahanmaadiri naTattinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My uncle treated me like his own son.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> deal with in speech or writing; handle, discuss, focus on; represent or deal with in a specified style or manner, as in art or literature<br> <br> <font size=+1>indiyaavooTa madappraccaneye patti anda pustahattule kurippiTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>In that book, he treats India's religious problems in detail</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ? <br> entertain at o's expense<br> ?/<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When I was in his hometown, he treated me to an elaborate dinner at an expensive restaurant</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trek</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> make a slow arduous journey, usu. involving carrying heavy loads, movement over difficult terrain, etc., on foot<br> <br> <font size=+1>maTraaslerundu sengaLpaTTukku naanga meduvaa naTandu poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We trekked slowly from Chennai to Chengalpattu.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tremble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anji naTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> shake with fear; be greatly afraid of; be extremely nervous or reluctant to do s.t.; be full of dread<br> <br> <font size=+1>singatte paattu naan anji naTungineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I started trembling with fear when I saw the lion</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(odaral eTu)</font> 6 intr + dat <br> shake with fear<br> <br> <font size=+1>puliyooTa urumal keeTTadum enakku odaral eTuttudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I trembled in my boots when I heard the tiger's growl.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be frightened, be timid; shake with fear<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayattule ava naTungaraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She is trembling in fear.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> shake with pain, fear, etc.; shake involuntarily, typically as a result of anxiety, excitement, or frailty; be in a state of extreme apprehension<br> <br> <font size=+1>uusi pooTTavoTane kozande valiyle tuTicciTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child trembled with pain when the injection was given.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(bayappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> feel or express fear or anxiety; shake, shake like a leaf, quiver, twitch; quaver, waver, shiver<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vayasule iruTTule naTakka baalu romba bayappaTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Balu used to tremble to walk in the night when he was young.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(naTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> shake involuntarily as from fear, cold or illness, quiver, shiver<br> <br> <font size=+1>uuTTiyule kuLir adihamaa irundadaale en kaikaalellaam naTungiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it was very cold in Ooty, my hands and legs just trembled.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trespass</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aakkrami)</font> 6b tr <br> encroach; invade the property rights of another without his or her consent and with the actual or implied commission of violence; enter onto another's land illegally<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vaangiya nelette sila guNTanga aakramicciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some gangsters trespassed on the land he had bought.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(elle miiru)</font> 3 intr <br> infringe upon the privacy or attention of another; invade the s.o.'s privacy<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan siitaakiTTe elle miiri peesaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>The way he spoke to Sita was a kind of trespassing [on her privacy]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trick</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tandram paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> delude; mislead, deceive, fool, take in, trick, dupe, hoodwink, gull, lead on; (inf.) con, pull the wool over s.o.'s eyes, lead up/down the garden path, take for a ride;<br> j j <br> <font size=+1>neermeyaa jeyikkradu kashTam tandiram paNNidaan jeyikkamuTiyumNu avan sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He said that it is tough to win in a straight-forward manner, so we have to win by tricking people.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fool, deceive; jilt; betray; pull the wool over the eyes of s.o.; take s.o. for a ride<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne yaarveeNumNaalum sulabamaa eemaattivuTa muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>Anybody who wants to has no trouble at all tricking me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get or become cheated, deceived, hoodwinked, led down the garden path, get taken for a ride<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan peeccekeeTTu naan nallaa eemaandu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got tricked because I listened to everything he said.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> cheat or deceive<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaLe eemaattiyee avan periye paNakkaaran aayiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He became a rich man by tricking the people.</font><br> 1) (vanjji) 2) (suuzcci seyyi) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trick s.o. (out of s.t.)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eemaatti pariccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> swindle; trick s.o. out of (property, money, etc.); use deception to deprive of money or possessions; defraud, cheat, dupe, deceive, fool, hoax, hoodwink, bamboozle; (inf.) fleece, do, con, sting, di<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe eemaatti paNatte pariccikkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tricked her out of (her) money.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trickle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> drip; dribble down; fall in drops (as water or any liquid)<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNi koTattulerundu taNNi soTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Water is trickling out of the watering can</font><br> 1) (vaTi) 2b intr<br> 2) (kasi) 2b intr<br> 3) (vazi) 2b intr<br> 4) (ozuhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaTi)</font> 2b intr 3 pn <br> droop, fall down; flow down, ebb; drip down<br> <br> <font size=+1>raadaa kaNNule niir vaTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tears trickled from Radha's eyes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(soTTa viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to trickle, drip<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNiye ellaam nallaa piziyaama ippaTi taNNiye soTTa viTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>If you don't wring the clothes out thoroughly, they'll drip and trickle water all over the place</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trickle (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ b f ~</B> <font size=+1>(konjam konjamaa @verb of motion@)</font> move or advance very slowly, bit by bit, or in small increments<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??modalmodalaa yaarukkum ade patti oNNum teriyalle, aanaa konjam konjamaa seydiyellaam vaTinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>At first nobody know about it, but then the news began to trickle out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trickle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> fall or flow in drops or droplets or in a thin stream<br> <br> <font size=+1>balatta maze penjadaale en viiTTu kuureylerundu taNNii soTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it had rained heavily, water was trickling down from the roof of my house</font><br> 1) (vaTi) 2b intr<br> 2) (kasi) 2b intr<br> 3) (vazi) 2b intr<br> 4) (ozuhu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trickle down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become known; be disclosed, as a rumor, secret; filter down through various layers<br> <font size=+1>The secret gradually trickled down and became known to everybody</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trifle (with)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> play or toy with s.t.; deal with s.t. as if it were of little importance or value; amuse o.s., toy, play around with, flirt with, dally with, sport with.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He trifled with her affections but had no intention of marrying her</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(acaTTai seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> deal with s.t. as if it were of little importance or value; tinker with, fiddle with, play around with; act, perform or speak with little seriousness or purpose<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You shouldn't trifle with this situation; it could blow up in your face</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trigger</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> initiate, set off; set in motion, spark off, activate, give rise to, generate, start, cause, bring about, prompt, provoke<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The earthquake of 1906 triggered landslides, buildings collapsed, and fires burned out of control</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trim</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(cinnadaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make small or short; truncate; cut down; make small(er)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kattirikkoole veccu peeppare cinnadaakkunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Trim the paper with a scissors.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> remove excess by cutting; reduce the size, amount, or number of.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda maasattooTa selaveyellaam korekkaleNNaa nammaale aTutta maasam veLiyuur poohamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>We cannot go out of town next month if we don't trim our expenses this month.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(alangari)</font> 6b tr <br> ornament, decorate (esp. a christmas tree)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalyaaNa viiTTe alangarikka pattaayiram ruubaa selavaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It cost 10,000 rupees to trim the marriage house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kattari)</font> 6b tr <br> make neat by clipping or pruning; make s.t. neat or of the required size or form by cutting away irregular or unwanted parts<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar veeliyle irukkra seTiye ellaam neerttiyaa kattariccu viTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He trimmed the plants that were (growing) in the fence.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaarivizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall down because of clumsiness, haste, weakness, etc.; stumble, slip, lose o's balance<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan taTumaarivizundada paattu ellaarum siriccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone laughed at him when he tripped and fell.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTukku)</font> 3 intr <br> stumble; strike s.t. with the foot so as to lose o's balance, and fall<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan marattooTa veer taTukki kuppura vizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tripped over the tree root and fell down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuLLu)</font> 3 intr <br> move nimbly with light, rapid steps, skip<br> !<br> <font size=+1>maan eppaTi sandooshattule tuLLudu paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>See how joyfully the deer is tripping and prancing!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trip (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viza seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cause to fall; cause to fall upon or in a certain direction<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en naTeye taTumaari enne vizasenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tripped me and made me fall down.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>triple</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mummaTangaakku)</font> 3 intr <br> make s.t. three times greater or larger in number or amount<br> !<br> <font size=+1>oree varushattule niinga kuTutta paNatte naan mummaTangaakki kaaTTureen!</font><br> <font size=+1>I will triple the money you gave to me in just one year, and show you [who's boss]!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>triumph</b></font><br> be jubilant over a victory, exult<br> </ul> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(jeyi @(rb tr)@)</font> 4 tr <br> be victorious, win; be jubilant over a victory, exult<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTumeyaa ozeccaadaan unnaale pooTTiyle jeyikkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You can triumph in the competition only if you work hard.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>troop</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gumbalaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> assemble or move in crowds; flock, stream, swarm, surge, crowd, throng, mill<br> <br> <font size=+1>ippaTi ellaarum gumbalaa poonaa uur pooyseera neeramaayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If all of us troop together, it will take us time to reach our town.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>troop (off/out/along)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTu)</font> 3 intr <br> advance or go as a throng; flock, stream, swarm, surge, crowd, throng, mill<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>niingaLellaarum kuuTi enge pooriinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Where are all of you guys trooping off to?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooTTam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> move rapidly in the manner of a horse; hurry; move quickly and methodically<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooliise paattavoTane tiruTan ooTTam pooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief trotted off when he saw the policeman.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kocca naTe pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> move or go with the gait of a four-footed animal, between a walk and a run<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When that horse gets really trotting, nobody can beat it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trouble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tondaravu kuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> afflict with discomfort or pain; put out, inconvenience, disoblige, discommode, incommode, bother<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru maasamaa en muTTu enakku tondaravu kuTuttukiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>My knee has been troubling me for a month now.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tondaravu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> inconvenience, bother, irk, vex; perturb, unhinge, annoy, distract, disorder<br> <br> <font size=+1>saanti avane viTaame tondaravu senjukiTTirukkaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Santhi is constantly troubling me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trouble, make</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ?? </B> <font size=+1>(??tandram paNNu)</font> 3 tr <br> stir up, agitate; perturb, unhinge, disquiet, distract, disorder<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He's always trying to make trouble somehow, and he'll take advantage of the strike to do so</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>troubled, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam kalangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be disturbed by; be made uneasy or caused to be worried or alarmed<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaavooTa vibatte patti keeTTavoTane en manam kalangiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>When I heard about my father's accident, I was troubled.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(toyarappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be distressed, afflicted<br> <br> <font size=+1>kennaTi settapoodu amerikkaa naaTee romba toyarappaTTadu appaTiNNu solradu marukka muTiyaada uNme</font><br> <font size=+1>It was a fact that the whole of America was deeply troubled when Kennedy was shot and killed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trounce</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toorkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> defeat decisively; beat, beat out, crush, trounce, vanquish<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kirikeT pandayattule indiyaa niccayamaa ilangeye tookkaTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>India will definitely trounce Srilanka in this (cricket) match.</font><br> 1) (viizttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trudge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> walk in a heavy-footed, laborious way, plod; walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud or over difficult terrain<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Carrying the heavy suitcase, he trudged all the way to the station</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trump up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNpazi somattu)</font> 3 intr <br> devise fraudulently; invent a bogus, spurious, specious, false, or fabricated case; invent, manufacture, contrive, or fake charges or claims<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan meele viiNpazi somatti avane jeyilukku anuppinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They trumped up charges against him and sent him to prison</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trumpet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piLiru)</font> 3 intr <br> make loud noises, as elephants<br> <br> <font size=+1>vali taangamuTiyaame yaane piLiriccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The elephant trumpeted because it was unable to withstand the pain.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viLambaram seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> sound or proclaim loudly; make known to all and sundry; boast<br> <br> <font size=+1>tirunelveeliyooTa siranda alvaa kaTeNNu anda kaTe viLambaram senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>That shop trumpeted that they were the best halwa shop in Tirunelveli.</font><br> 1) (orakkak kattu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>truncate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNTiccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> shorten by or as if by cutting off<br> <br> <font size=+1>karumbooTa oru ooratte konjam tuNTiccu viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I truncated a bit of the sugarcane at one end.</font><br> 1) (kurukku) 3 tr<br> 2) (veTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trundle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> push or propel on wheels or rollers; roll or move heavily or noisily<br> <br> <font size=+1>en poTTiye vimaana neleyattule uruTTikiTTu pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I trundled my suitcase along in the airport.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruLu)</font> 3b intr <br> move along, as if by rolling<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaNTi uruLu uruLuNNu uruLudu aanaa naharra maadiri teriyale</font><br> <font size=+1>This car is barely trundling along, but in a reluctant way.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>truss (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(irukka kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> tie up or bind tightly or together in bundles; bundle up<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa aTTepeTTiyeyum irukka kaTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Truss (up) all the cardboard boxes.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trust</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambu)</font> 3 tr <br> rely on; have faith in; put/place o's trust in, have confidence in, be convinced by, pin o's hopes on.<br> <br> <font size=+1>seeran enne innum muzumeyaa nambale</font><br> <font size=+1>Cheran does not yet trust me completely</font><br> 1) (nene) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nambikke vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> depend, rely on; put/place o's trust in, have faith/confidence in, be convinced by, pin o's hopes on<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman lalitaameele nambikke veccu moosam pooyiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman trusted Lalitha and then was betrayed.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nambu)</font> 3 intr <br> be confident, hope<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan varuvaaNNu naanga ellaarum nambaroom</font><br> <font size=+1>We all trust that he will come.</font><br> 1) (nene) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>trust (in)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nambiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> rely upon; believe in; have confidence in<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda sinne kozandenga enne nambiyirukkaanga. naan avangaLe kaiviTamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>These small children trust me; I can't let them down.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>try</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ b+~ </B> <font size=+1>(@vb+@ paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> attempt an action to see whether the action has an effect; test in order to determine strength, effect, worth, or desirability; try doing s.t. (to see whether it succeeds); give s.t. a try<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avare kuuppiTTu paarungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why don't you try calling him (and see if it has any effect)?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(soodi)</font> 6b tr <br> subject to great strain or hardship, tax<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan seyyaradellaam en porumeye soodikkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Everything he does tries my patience.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(moyarci sey)</font> make an effort to do or accomplish, attempt; endeavor, exert o.s., strive, do o's best, do o's utmost, move heaven and earth; undertake, aim, take it on o.s.; (inf.) have a go, give it o's best sho<br> <br> <font size=+1>moyarci senjaa unnaale edeyum saadikka muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>You can achieve anything if you try.</font><br> 1) (prayaasanappaTu) 4tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niidimanra visaaraNekki uTpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put an accused on trial<br> <br> <font size=+1>sadaam huseene niidimanra visaaraNekki uTpaTuttiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Saddam Hussein was tried in a court of justice</font><br> 1) (niidi visaari) 6b tr<br> 2) (niidi visaari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(siramappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make a strenuous effort<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar tan koobatte kaTTuppaTutta romba siramappaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried very hard to control his anger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>try on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTu paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> wear a garment to test the fit<br> . <br> <font size=+1>inda saTTe nallaa irukkaaNNu pooTTu paaru. nallaa irukkaaNNu naan solreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Try on this shirt and I'll tell you if it looks good.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>try one's best</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moyarcci senju paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> do o's utmost in order to obtain a result; give s.t. o's all; go for broke<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa tangeccikki naan oru viiTu vaanga moyarcci senju paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried my best to obtain a house for my little sister</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>try s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> attempt to do s.t.; give s.t. a try; taste and see<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kashaayatte eppaTiyaadu kuTikkappaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Try somehow to drink this potion.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>try s.t. on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTuppaar)</font> 6 tr <br> put (a shirt, etc.) on to make it fit or check its fit<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ava vaangikuTutta saTTeye pooTTuppaattiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Did you try on the shirt she gave you?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tuck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> draw in, contract; pull together, constrain<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaale moTakki okkaandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Tucking in his legs, he sat down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTiccu tayyi)</font> 3 tr <br> make one or more folds in cloth, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tooLpaTTeyle tuNiye konjam maTiccu taiyunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Please tuck the cloth a bit on the shoulders.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(soruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> gather and push in one end so as to secure tightly; put away into a secure or tight place<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava peenaave tannooTa saTTepaiyile soruhikiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He tucked away the pen in his shirt pocket.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiNi)</font> 6b intr <br> store, stuff s.t. into s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa saamaaneyum oree muuTTeyile tiNikkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't tuck all the items in a single bag.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(odungi iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be located in a snug spot or an out-of-the way or inaccessible place<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vaangiyirukkra viiTu kaaTTuppakkam odungi irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The house he has bought is tucked away in a forest.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tuck (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(odukki vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> store in a safe spot, save, put away, lay aside, salt away<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tange kalyaaNattukku naan oru laksham ruubaaye odukki vecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tucked away one lakh rupees for my sister's marriage.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tug</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 6 tr <br> move by pulling or straining, drag<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayatte balamaa izuttaa maNi aTikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>The bell will sound if you tug the rope hard.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccu izu)</font> 6 tr <br> pull hard and strain at vigorously<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavoo piTiccu izuttum vaNTi naharale</font><br> <font size=+1>The vehicle did not move even though we tugged and pulled on it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tumble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTikkaraNam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> perform acrobatic feats such as somersaults<br> !<br> <font size=+1>anda korangu eppaTi kuTTikkaraNam pooTudu paaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>See how the monkey is tumbling around!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuppura vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> fall or roll, end over end<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande naarkaalilerundu kuppura vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The child tumbled out of the chair.</font><br> 1) (tavari vizu) 2 intr<br> 2) (tale kuppura vizu) 2 intr<br> 3) (marinjju vizu) 2 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uruNTu vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> spill or roll out in confusion or disorder; fall, bouncing<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaile irunda paattaram kiize uruNTu vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The vessel in my hand tumbled down.</font><br> 1) (sedarippoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(talekuppura vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> pitch headlong, fall<br> <br> <font size=+1>saiman seettule vazukki talekuppura vizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Simon slipped in the slush and tumbled down headfirst</font><br> 1) (eTaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tune</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaddiyatte miiTTippaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> adjust a musical instrument, a machine, so as to bring into harmony<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda baagavadarukku vaaddiyatte miiTTippaakkavee nereye neeram aahudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It takes a long time for that musician just to tune the instrument.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(srudi kuuTTu)</font> 3 intr <br> put into proper musical pitch<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda viiNaikku srudi kuuTTi kuTukkamuTimaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you tune this veena for me?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tunnel (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sorangam tooNTu)</font> 3 intr <br> make a tunnel through or under<br> <br> <font size=+1>sila kaidinga jeyillerundu tappi ooTa sorangam tooNTa paattaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Some prisoners, in order to escape, tried to tunnel out of the jail</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> invert, turn over, as leaves of a book<br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahattooTa pakkatte tiruppumboodu peeppar kasangaame paattukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Be careful not to crumple the paper while turning the pages of the book</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(desemaattu)</font> 3 tr <br> swerve; deviate from; deflect; turn the direction of; head; make a detour<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>vaNTiye desemaatti veere vazile poohalaame?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why can't we turn the car in another direction and go another way?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(maaru)</font> change<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobattule avan moham sevappaa maariccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His face turned red in anger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> direct<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTippule nii innum adiham gavanam seluttanum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should turn your attention more to studies.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(eTam maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change the position of by rotating frequently; rotate<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyil paTaama irukka ceTiye eTam maatti vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Turn the plants so that don't get much sun on them</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(sozaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to move around a central point or axis, rotate, twist<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda rauTi kaiyule eppavum oru sangiliye sozaTTikiTTee iruppaan</font><br> <font size=+1>That rowdy is always twisting and turning a chain in his hands.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> focus; change the direction of o's gaze<br> <br> <font size=+1>baalaa vaanatte nookki paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Bala turned his gaze to the sky.</font><br> 1) (gavanam seluttu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> go around in a circle; move around a central point or axis, rotate, revolve, circle, roll, spin, wheel, whirl, twirl, gyrate, swivel, pivot<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTiyooTa cakkaram romba veehamaa tirumbudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The wheels of the vehicle are turning rapidly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn against</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viroodiccukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> oppose; resist, or be hostile to, set o.s. against; argue against; be against, object to, be hostile to, be in opposition to, disagree with, dislike, disapprove of; resist, take a stand against, put u<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna naTandaalum sari nii un appaa ammaave viroodiccikkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Whatever happens, don't turn against your parents.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahu)</font> 3 intr <br> deviate; turn from a true course; deflect; diverge, digress, drift, stray, veer, swerve; get sidetracked, branch off; differ, vary, run counter to, contrast with <br> <br> <font size=+1>tappaana paadeylerundu velahi nalla paadeyle pooha moyarci seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Turn away from the path of evil and try to follow the path of good</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooha sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> send away, dismiss; rebuff, reject<br> <br> <font size=+1>peesaama avane anuppiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They turned him away without speaking to him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn back</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop s.t. from going forward; arrest the progress of; move in a reverse direction; turn around and go back<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaiccarooTa vaNTiye graamattu makkaL taTuttu niruttinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The villagers turned back the minister's vehicle.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fold back; retract<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan viriccu veccirunda poTaveye ava marubaTiyum maTiccuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She turned back the folds of the saree that I had pulled forward</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppi velakku)</font> 3 tr <br> halt the advance of; stop (an enemy) in its tracks and repulse; rout<br> ~ -~ <br> <font size=+1>frenccukkaaranga muslimooTa paTengaLe puaTTiyeyle @zNn-@varushattule tiruppi velakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The French turned back the advances of the invading Muslim forces at Poitiers in the year 732</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niraahari)</font> 6b tr <br> reject or refuse, as of a person, advice or a suggestion<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalvar enga viNNappatte niraahariccuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Chief Minister has turned down our plea.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maTiccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> fold or be capable of folding down<br> <br> <font size=+1>saTTeyooTa kaalere ozungaa maTiccu viTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Turn down the collar of your shirt properly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn down/off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn down, decrease, stop, check, put an end to<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>ennanga, anda reeTiyoo appaTi kattudu. ade konjam niruttungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>Hey, that radio is making a lot of noise, how about you turn it down a bit?</font><br> 1) (kore) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> bend inward<br> <font size=+1>The clown was wearing funny shoes that had pointy toes that turned in</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuunga poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go to bed; retire; call it a day<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa denamum onbodu maNikkellaam tuunga pooyiTuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father turns in at 9 o' clock every night.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> change into a different state; transform<br> <br> <font size=+1>arakkan appaavi manushane paNNiyaaha maattippooTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The ogre turned the poor man into a pig</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> change into another state<br> <br> <font size=+1>teengiyirunda mazettaNNi panikkaTTiyaaha maarippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rain water turned into ice</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> stop the operation, activity or flow of; shut s.t. down<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan meshiine nirutta sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked (s.o.) to turn off the engine</font><br> 1) (muuTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veruppuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> affect with dislike, displeasure, or revulsion<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda paTattule vara sila kaaTci enakku veruppuuTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Some scenes in that movie turned me off.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn off/out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe)</font> 6 tr <br> put out, as a fire, a light, a candle, life, etc.; extinguish<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuungappoohumboodu veLakke aNeccuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Turn off the lamp before going to sleep.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> switch on; put in motion; start up; put on, activate a switch, an appliance, a machine<br> <br> <font size=+1>maNidaan mooTTare pooTradu vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>Its Mani who usually tirms on the machinery</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tora)</font> 7 tr <br> open; switch on or open<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozaaye nallaa toranduviTTum taNNii varale</font><br> <font size=+1>I turned on the water but it didn't come out of the tap</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(muTukku viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cause to begin the operation, activity or flow of<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Other tactics haven't worked, so let's turn on the charm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyeettu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove from a building; evict; throw s.o. out into the street<br> <br> <font size=+1>saantan tannooTa mahaLe viiTTulerundee veLiyeettiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Santhan turned his daughter out of the house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTam kuuTu)</font> assemble, as for a public event or entertainment<br> <br> <font size=+1>amaiccar peesarade keekka enga uurle oreeTiyaa kuuTTam kuuTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The entire village turned out to hear the minister talk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(neeriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> happen; develop<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereye varusham kaziccu en kaadaliye sandikka neeriTTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>It turned out that I was able to meet my girlfriend again many years later</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aNe)</font> 6b tr <br> extinguish<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga eTTu maNikkellaam veLakke aNeccuTuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They turn out their lights around eight o'clock</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oppuvi)</font> 6b tr <br> make over (title to); entrust (property, means) to a person; give custody of, hand over, commit, assign, consign, deliver. <br> , <br> <font size=+1>en paNatte unkiTTe oppuvikkreen, paddiramaa paattukkoo</font><br> <font size=+1>I am turning over my money to you; take good care of it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oppaTe)</font> 6b tr <br> transfer to another<br> <br> <font size=+1>en taattaa tan uyile vakkiilkiTTe oppaTeccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather turned over his will to the lawyer.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kavu)</font> 2 intr <br> overturn, flip over<br> <br> <font size=+1>moodina veehattile vaNTi kavundu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The car turned over as a result of the impact of the collision</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn to</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> begin work on; direct o's attention to s.to<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Let us now turn to the task at hand, and get started</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLu)</font> 5 intr <br> refer to, as for information or support; request; address o's request for help to<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I turned to my father for help</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naaTu)</font> 3 tr <br> seek, aspire, aim; focus on<br> <br> <font size=+1>amerikkaavooTa poruLaadaara odaviye pala naaTuhaLum romba naaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Many countries turn to America for their financial needs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn towards</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppu)</font> 3 tr <br> change the direction of s.t.; turn aside; deflect, divert<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaare viiTTuppakkamaa tiruppu</font><br> <font size=+1>Turn the car towards our house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTiirNNu tooNu)</font> 3c intr <br> arrive unannounced; appear suddenly; burst in upon the scene, show up, pop up<br> <br> <font size=+1>enge taattaa tiTiirunu ennooTe paTiyle tooNinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Our grampa turned up all of a sudden on our doorstep.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) , </B> <font size=+1>(naTa, neeriTu)</font> 4 intr <br> happen unexpectedly<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda viiTTule oru asambaavidam naTanduTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Something totally unexpected turned up in that house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu?)</font> 3 intr <br> be found<br> <br> <font size=+1>The missing diamond turned up like a miracle from nowhere.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vandu seeru)</font> 2 intr <br> make an appearance, arrive<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga viiTTukku eTTu maNikki vandu seendaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They turned up at home at 8 o' clock.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn upside down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(talekiizaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> invert; cause s.t. to be upside down; turn s.t. to the contrary or the opposite, as in nature, effect, order, relationship, etc.; turn things on their head<br> ( )<br> <font size=+1>inda sarvaadihaari ellaatteyum talekiizaakkiTaar (talekiizaa maattiTTaar)</font><br> <font size=+1>This dictator has turned everything upside down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavuz)</font> 2 tr <br> flip over; invert, go belly up<br> j <br> <font size=+1>meejeye iTiccadule paattaram kavundu kiize vizundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The vessel turned upside down and fell down when I hit the table.</font><br> 1) (talekiizaahu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>turn?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> change the direction of (turn the car to the left<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tussle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTe pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> struggle, scuffle<br> <br> <font size=+1>kooyille kozandenga saNTe pooTTuTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The children were tussling inside the temple.</font><br> 1) (gusti pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tutor</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sollikkuTu)</font> 6 intr <br> instruct privately<br> <br> <font size=+1>tani moreyle paaTam sollikuTukkradukkaaha oru vaaddiyaare en appaa niyamiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father appointed a teacher to tutor me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tweak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> twist; wrench; wring; turn; adjust a computer program slightly; fine tune a program or utility<br> <br> <font size=+1>saaviye balamaa tiruhinadule adu neLinjiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The key bent when I tweaked it too hard.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> pinch, pluck or twist sharply<br> <br> <font size=+1>paLLikkuuTattule seeTTe senjaa aasiriyar kaade tiruhi kaNTippaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher tweaks our ears and punishes us when we misbehave in school</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tweeze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungi eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> handle or extract with tweezers<br> <br> <font size=+1>sovarlerundu aaNiye iTukkiyaale piTungi eTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I tweezed the nail out from the wall.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>twiddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruhi sozaTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> turn over or around idly or lightly, fiddle with, twist; twirl or rotate without purpose<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The radio signal was so weak you had to twiddle the dial constantly to be able to hear the program</font><br> 1) (sozaTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>twine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> encircle or coil about<br> <br> <font size=+1>malepaambu maanooTa oTambu meele suttikiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The python twined itself around the deer's body.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>twinkle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(minnu)</font> 2? intr <br> shine with slight, intermittent gleams, glimmer; sparkle, shimmer; glint, flare, dance, gutter; blink, wink, flash, scintillate <br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vayasule raattirile naTcattaram ellaam minnrade naan paattu rasippeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I used to enjoy gazing at the stars twinkling at night when I was young.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(prahaasi)</font> 6b tr <br> be bright or sparkling<br> ?/<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> 1) (oLi viisu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>twirl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(murukku)</font> 3 tr <br> twirl (a lock of hair, mustache); twist, tweak<br> <br> <font size=+1>miiseye murukki tannooTa viiratte avan kaamiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He showed his nonchalance by twirling his mustache</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sozaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> rotate briskly; turn and spin<br> <br> <font size=+1>ravi tannooTa veralle peenaave sozaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ravi twirled the pen between his fingers.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>twist</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn, wring, skew<br> <br> <font size=+1>tappu senjaa kaade tiruhuveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will twist your ears if you make a mistake</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(murukku)</font> 3 tr <br> turn s.t.; bend a part of the body out of line; wrench<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaasu veeluvooTa kaiye murukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Vasu twisted Velu's arm</font><br> 1) (neLT) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(paTar)</font> 2 intr <br> go in a winding course; entwine, coil, turn, wind, weave, wrap<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda eTattulerundu nadi paTara aarambikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>From the spot onward, the river begins to twist and turn and weave its way to the sea</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tiri)</font> 6b tr <br> twirl, as yarn; form into a bent, curled, or distorted shape; turn or bend around or into a different direction. force or be forced out of the natural position by twisting<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNiye tiriyardudaan ennooTa dena veele</font><br> <font size=+1>Twisting [cloth? fibers? cotton?] into yarn is what I do all day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> transform; vary; distort; change<br> j <br> <font size=+1>taan sonnade pattirikkainga tiriccu ezudiTTaangaNNu perapalanga solradu sahajam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is common for celebrities to say that the media twist what they actually say, and quote them out of context.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(murukku)</font> 3 tr <br> contort; force out of the usual form or shape; cf. also wrench/bend out of shape, warp, deform, misshape.<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobattule cinna payyan kayye naan murukkiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>In anger, I twisted the boy's arm</font><br> 1) (neLT) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(neLi)</font> 6b tr <br> cause to bend; writhe, squirm; distort the shape of the body<br> , !<br> <font size=+1>summaa neLiyaade oru eTattule nillu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't twist and squirm; just stay in one place!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruhi eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> pull, break, or snap by turning<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaNiye sovarlerundu tiruhi veLLe eTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I twisted the nail and removed it from the wall.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(9) </B> <font size=+1>(terambu)</font> 3 intr <br> wrench or sprain a joint or limb<br> <br> <font size=+1>??kaal terambiTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I twisted my ankle</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(10) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruku)</font> 3 tr <br> entwine (two or more threads) in order to make a single strand; form in this manner<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>In that village, I learned how to twist fibers of coir and make a length of rope</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(11) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn or open by turning<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattarattooTa muuTiye tiruhinaa sulabamaa terakkalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>You can easily open the jar if you twist the lid.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(12) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLe)</font> impart a coiling or spiral shape to; coil<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kambiye yaar veeNTumNaalum vaLecciTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Anyone can twist this wire.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>twisted be/come</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tirukku)</font> 3 intr <br> be or become twisted<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The rope got all twisted out of shape</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>twisted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moham kooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> make a wry face; distort or twist the features; grimace<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobam vandaalum moham kooNaama peesaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You shouldn't speak with your face all twisted out of shape even if you are angry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>twitch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> flicker, blink, wink; draw, pull, or move suddenly or sharply, jerk<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiTiirNu avan kaNNu tuTikka aaramiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His eye started twitching suddenly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTituTiccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move jerkily or spasmodically<br> <br> <font size=+1>veral nasunginapoodu kalaa valile tuTituTiccu pooyiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Kala twitched in pain when her finger got crushed.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>twitter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padaru)</font> 4 intr <br> tremble with nervous agitation or excitement; talk in a light, high-pitched voice; talk rapidly and at length in a trivial way<br> <br> <font size=+1>seydiye keeTTavoTane en ammaa padariTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother began twitterimg as soon as she heard the news.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiiccukiiccuNNu sattam pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> utter a succession of light chirping or tremulous sounds, chirrup<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalele kuruviyellaam kiiccukiiccuNNu sattam pooTrade naanga keeTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>We heard the sparrows twittering in the morning.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>type</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(TaippaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> write with a typewriter<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>onakku TaippaTikkatteriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Do you know how to type?</font><br> 1) (taTTaccaTi) 6b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>tyrannize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTumeppaTuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> treat tyrannically, oppress; rule, control, or behave oppressively or cruelly towards; dominate, dictate to, browbeat, intimidate, bully, lord it over; persecute, victimize, torment; oppress, rule wit<br> <br> <font size=+1>en maamiyaar enne denamum koTumeppaTuttaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother-in-law is tyrannizing me daily.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakki aaLu)</font> 1 intr <br> exercise absolute power, esp. arbitrarily<br> j <br> <font size=+1>hiTler oru kaalattule jermani naaTTeyee aTakki aaNTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Hitler tyrannized Germany at one point of time.</font><br> 1) (koTungoolaaTci seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unbend</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become less strict, relent<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I tried and tried, but I couldn't get her to unbend</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unbiased, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTuneleyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be fair; be level, be even handed, without prejudice; be disinterested<br> <br> <font size=+1>niidibadingravaru eppavum naTuneleyaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>A judge should always be unbiased</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unburden</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(someyerakku)</font> 3 tr <br> get rid of a burden; relieve o.s. of s.t.; get rid of burdens; lay down a burden;<br> <br> <font size=+1>en modalaaLi en poruppe koreccu someyerakkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My boss unburdened me of some of my responsibilities.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(manam viTTu peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> relieve (o's mind) of fears and concerns<br> <br> <font size=+1>aadi tannooTa praccaneye ellaam patti enkiTTe manam viTTu peesinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Adi unburdened himself to me about all of his problems</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unchain</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avizttu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release from or as if from a bond or chain, set free, untie<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan viiTTukku vandadum naaye avuzttu viTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He unchained the dog as soon as he came home</font><br> 1) (kaTTaru) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unclasp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazaTTu, kazattu)</font> 3 tr <br> unfasten<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan moodaratte kazaTTi engeyoo vecciTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I unclasped the ring and put it in a safe place</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>uncloak (see expose, reveal)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> expose, reveal; show s.t. or s.o. to the light of day<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to uncloak him and expose his nefarious deeds to the whole world</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>uncoil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niiTTikoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> unwind or untwist from a coiled position<br> <br> <font size=+1>suruNTu keTanda paambu oTambe niiTTiiTTu kotta vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The snake uncoiled itself and got ready to strike</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piritteTu)</font> 6 tr <br> unwind or untwist, e.g. a rope; straighten out<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda tiriye piritteTukkradu sulabam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is easy to uncoil this thread.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unconscious, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayangi vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> lose sensory awareness temporarily; faint, pass out<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan seediye keeTTadum mayangi vizundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He fell down unconscious when he heard the news</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>uncork</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> remove the cork from, open<br> <br> <font size=+1>puTTilerundu kaarkke eTuttu viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I uncorked the bottle.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>uncover</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> remove the cover from; take the cover off of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>buTTilerundu muuTiye eTuttuviTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I uncovered the cap of the bottle.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> disclose, lay bare<br> <br> <font size=+1>modalvare kolla naTanda sadiye pooliis veLippaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police uncovered a conspiracy to kill the Chief Minister.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undaunted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayappaTaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unafraid, be courageous, be bold, intrepid, fearless<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda suuzneleyilum bayappaTaama irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should be undaunted in any situation.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undercut</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazutte aru)</font> 6 tr <br> cut off at the neck; decapitate; (fig:) undercut, incapacitate, handicap; hobble, cut off at the knees; rain on s.o.'s parade<br> !<br> <font size=+1>en kazutte arukkuree!</font><br> <font size=+1>You're undercutting my efforts! You're cutting me off at the knees</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nele kole)</font> 2b tr <br> diminish or destroy the province or effectiveness of, undermine; nip in the bud<br> <br> <font size=+1>seydiye keeTTavoTane raajaa nele kolenjupoonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as he heard of the deed, the king undercut the whole thing</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b tr <br> sell at lower prices or work for lower wages than<br> <font size=+1>The man in the next shop always tries to undercut my prices and put me out of business</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>underestimate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(romba koreccu madippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> undervalue; make too low an estimate of the quantity, degree, or worth of; underrate, do an injustice to, be wrong about, sell short, play down, understate; minimize, de-emphasize, underemphasize,<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar inda naheye ellaam romba koreccu madippiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He underestimated the value of these jewels.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undergo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(anubavi)</font> 6b tr <br> experience, be subjected to<br> <br> <font size=+1>kalaa kaaleejle nereye kashTangaLe anubaviccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Kala underwent a lot of difficulties in college.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kashTappaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> suffer, endure, be subjected to<br> <br> <font size=+1>muraLi kashTappaTTu vaazkkeyle munneerinavan</font><br> <font size=+1>Murali is somebody who had to undergo a lot of difficulties [but finally] had some success in life.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undergo?</b></font><br> be subjected to<br> <font size=+1>He had to undergo several surgeries to set his foot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>underground, go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(talemarevaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> hide away; go to ground or into hiding; abscond; disappear from the radar screen<br> <br> <font size=+1>viirappan maadeesvaran male vaTTaarattule tale maravaayiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The notorious Veerappan went underground in the forest of the Mahadeswaran Hills</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>underlie</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTippaTeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be at the basis of<br> <br> <font size=+1>vanmuredaan avanga koLhekki aTippaTeyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Violence underlies their principles.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>underline</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTikkooTu vare)</font> 2b intr <br> draw a line under a word or words, esp. so as to emphasize<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The Minister of Education underlined the extreme importance of literacy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azutti sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> emphasize, stress<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar mukkiyamaana vishayatte ellaam azutti sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher underlined the important points.</font><br> 1) (varpuruttu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undermine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(balaviinappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> weaken, injure, or impair, often by degrees<br> <br> <font size=+1>nooy cidambarattooTa oTambe balaviinappaTuttiruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Disease undermined Chidambaram's health.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> weaken by wearing away the supporting base<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadatte azikkrade inda arasooTa mukkiya kurikkooL</font><br> <font size=+1>Undermining terrorism is the main objective of this Government.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>underpin</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadaaram)</font> 3 tr <br> support an argument with evidence, examples<br> !<br> <font size=+1>onooTa vaakkukku aadaaram oNNum illeyee</font><br> <font size=+1>Your statement needs to be underpinned with evidential support </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>understand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keeLvi paTu)</font> 4 intr <br> learn indirectly or at secondhand, gather, be aware that; surmise, assume<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga reNTupeer eTeyilum peeccu vaartte illeNNu keeLvippaTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I understand that they are not talking to each other</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLangu)</font> 3 intr <br> comprehend the meaning of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan aangilattile peesinadanaale enakku oNNumee veLangalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't understand anything, since he spoke in English</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(puri)</font> 2b intr <br> grasp what is intended or expressed by another<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga keeLviyellaam puriyaama kozambinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were confused as they couldn't understand the questions (on the test)</font><br> 1) (vizangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(purinjukoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> know thoroughly through close contact with or long experience of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avankuuTa pattu varusham pazahiyum avane purinjikamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I'm incapable of understanding him, even after knowing him for 10 years.</font><br> 1) (vizangu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(piTipaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> perceive and comprehend the nature and significance of; get; dawn on s.o. that s.t. is the case; figure out<br> <br> <font size=+1>yoosikka yoosikkadaan naTandadellaam piTipaTTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I finally understood what had happened</font><br> 1) (puri) 2b intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>understood, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> accept as an agreed fact<br> <font size=+1>It is understood that the fee will be waived for students on scholarship</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undertake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meerkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> assume (office, duty); follow; follow up/through on; take up or upon o.s., decide or agree to do<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan poona varusham reNTu periya aaraaycci tiTTangaLe eTuttukiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I undertook two major research projects last year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eettukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> pledge or commit o.s. to, contract<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar visaaraNeye naTattara poruppe eettukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He undertook the responsibility of conducting the inquiry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazaTTu, kazattu)</font> 3 tr <br> unfasten, remove, take off<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan saTTeyooTa paTTane kazaTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He undid the button(s) (on his shirt)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 7 tr <br> open or unwrap<br> <br> <font size=+1>poTTalatte pirikkakkuuTaaduNNu appaa sonnaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Father asked us not to undo the package</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aviz)</font> 6 tr <br> untie, dissassemble, or loosen<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaTTe avuzttu poTTalatte terandu paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He undid the string on the package, opened it and looked inside</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undone be/come</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avuzndu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> untie, loosen<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTu avuzndu pooccu poola irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The knot seems to have come undone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undone, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosam poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be subject to ruin or destruction<br> <br> <font size=+1>ayyoo naan moosampooneeneeNNu raajakumaari alarinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Alas, I'm undone, cried the princess</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undress</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazattu, kazaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> remove the clothing or covering of; take off clothes<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNiye kazatta toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He started to undress</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>undulate?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(alepoola eyangu)</font> 3 intr <br> move in waves or with a wavelike or sinous motion, ripple; have or cause to have a wavy motion or look<br> <font size=+1>The singer's voice undulated up and down</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unearth</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNTupiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> find; come upon; discover, turn up<br> <br> <font size=+1>tolenjupoona kaTudaasiye ellaam ava kaNTupiTiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She unearthed all the missing letters.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNTiyeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> bring up out of the earth, dig up; discover by investigation, searching, or rummaging<br> <br> <font size=+1>pazeya kaalattu selehaLe keNattleerundu tooNTiyeTuttaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They unearthed several ancient statues from the bottom of the well</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 6b tr <br> bring to public notice, uncover, discover, bring to light<br> <br> <font size=+1>veTriyooTa teremeye baalaa olahattukku veLippaTuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Bala unearthed Vetri's talent and showed it to the world.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unencumbered, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ooyvaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be free from encumbrances, engagements, or obligations; be not busy; have no obligations<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan veele illaama viiTTule ooyvaa irukkeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am unencumbered and just hanging out at home</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unfasten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazaNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become loosened or separated; become unclasped or disconnected<br> <br> <font size=+1>maale kazaNTu poonade naan oNaralle</font><br> <font size=+1>I didn't realize that the necklace had become unfastened</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kazaTTu, kazattu)</font> 3 tr <br> separate the connected parts of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava maaleye kazaTTi meeje meele veccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She unfastened her necklace and placed it on the table</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unfold</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> open and spread out, extend; flatten out<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar leTTare piriccu paTikka aaramiccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He unfolded the letter and began to read it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 6b tr <br> extend, open out; unroll<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTukkeye viriccu paTuttukoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Unfold the mattress and sleep (on it)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tera)</font> 7 tr <br> spread out, open out; unfurl<br> <br> <font size=+1>eenoo koTeye terakka muTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>I couldn't unfold the umbrella for some reason.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be revealed gradually or to the view or understanding<br> <br> <font size=+1>marmam konjam konjamaa veLippaTattoTangiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mystery began to unfold</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unfurl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(parakka viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> open out, as a flag; display<br> <br> <font size=+1>sudandira denattaNNikki deesiya koTiye parakka viTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The national flag was unfurled on Independence Day.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unhappy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(adruptiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be dissatisfied, be restless or uneasy, be discontented, distressed, dissatisfied; be moaning and groaning<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvvaLoo paNam keTeccaalum enakku adruptiyaa irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how much money I get, I'm unhappy</font><br> 1) (siNungu) 3 int<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(orumepaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make into a unit, consolidate; make or become united or uniform<br> <br> <font size=+1>baaradiyaar tan kavidenaale tamizangaLe orumepaTuttinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Bharatiyaar unified the Tamils with his poems.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>uninhabitable, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vasikka tahudiyillaamaliru)</font> 7 intr <br> be unfit to live in<br> <font size=+1>The area hit by the tsunami made it uninhabitable</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unite</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teraTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to coalesce in one mass or group; unify; clump or lump s.t. together<br> <br> <font size=+1>makkaLe teraTTinaadaane kuuTTatte naTattamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>We can hold the meeting only if we get the people to unite</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(seettu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> join in marriage<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaadal seyyaravangaLe seettu vekkradudaan avar veele</font><br> <font size=+1>His job is to unite people who are in love.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(eNe)</font> 6 tr <br> combine, merge into one, bring together, join (together), fuse, amalgamate, coalesce, blend, mix, bind, consolidate<br> <br> <font size=+1>tanicci irunda anda reNTu kaccingaLeyum onnaa eNeccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>the two political parties that were functioning independently finally merged</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eNeccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> join or bring together; unify; knit together<br> ??[...] [...] <br> <font size=+1>onga naavalle irukkra reNTu tiriyeyum eppaTiyoo oree oru tiriyle eNeccu vekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You need to try to unite the two strands of your novel into one thread</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(ottuze)</font> 6b intr <br> join or act together in a common purpose or endeavor<br> <br> <font size=+1>naama ellaarum oNNuseendu ottuzekkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>All of us need to be more united.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unite?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peNe)</font> 6b tr <br> bring together so as to form a whole<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The problem with multilingual countries is to find something that unites the people symbolically that they can rally around</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>united, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNenjiru)</font> 7 intr <br> be joined or attached as friends, as man and wife<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaNNanum kamalaavum vaazkkeyile ippadaan eNenjirukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Kannan and Kamalaa are from this day forward united as husband and wife.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unleash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(avizttu vuTu)</font> 4 trt <br> untie, loosen; let loose or let go<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaye konja neeram avizttu viTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I unleashed the dog for a little while</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(avittuviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> release or let loose from or as from a leash; untie; let go<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda naaye avizttuviTTaa yaareyaadu kaTiccuTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you unleash this dog, it will bite someone.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unload</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to come down or lower (as an aircraft); reduce (as prices or value of s.t.); let s.o. get off; land or cause to land (as an aircraft); drop down<br> <br> <font size=+1>sarakke paTahulerundu erakkunga</font><br> <font size=+1>Unload the cargo from the boat</font><br> 1) (kareyle erakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sarakke erakku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove goods or cargo from a vehicle; unburden, empty, unpack<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTahulerundu veehamaa sarakke erakku</font><br> <font size=+1>Unload the cargo from the boat quickly</font><br> 1) (erakke) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> give vent to, pour forth; give expression to, express, air, utter, voice, verbalize, let out, release, pour out, emit, discharge, come out with; dump on, let fly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When he gets angry, he unloads on the nearest subordinate</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vittu taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> dispose of, esp by by selling in great quantities; dump<br> <br> <font size=+1>adihamaa irunda poruLe ellaam korenje velele vittu taLLineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I unloaded the excess commodities I had, at a reduced price</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(manam viTTu peesu)</font> 3 intr <br> relieve of s.t. oppressive, unburden; get rid of<br> <br> <font size=+1>manam viTTu peesinaa un paaram koreyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you unload your worries, you will feel lighter.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unlock</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tera)</font> 7 tr <br> undo a lock; unbolt, unlatch, unbar, unfasten, open<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kadave terandu uLLe poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He unlocked the door and went inside</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLippaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> provide a key to; decipher<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Champollion was unable to unlock the mystery of hieroglyphics using the Rosetta Stone</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unmask</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeshatte pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> disclose the true character of, expose, reveal, unveil; debunk<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Just before he died, he was unmasked as a secret agent of the British Government</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unnerve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nele kolenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> deprive of courage, vigor, composure, strength or resolution<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttiruTTule vayale kaTandu poohaNumNu keeTTu avan nele kolenju poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thought of walking across the field in the middle of the night unnerved him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unpack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> divide, split, dismantle, take apart<br> <br> <font size=+1>poona vaaram vanda pustaha kaTTe ennaale iNNekkidaan pirikka muTinjadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Today I was finally able to unpack the package of books that I got last week,</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> remove the contents of; unload<br> <br> <font size=+1>peTTile irukkra naheye ellaam veLLe eTuttu vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Unpack the bag and take out the jewels.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piri)</font> 6b tr <br> dismantle, unwrap, take out<br> <br> <font size=+1>tabaalle vanda pustaha paarsale neettu maaleyle enga veelekkaaran piriccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Yesterday evening, the servant unpacked the book parcel that came by post</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unproductive, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadaayamillaama iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be without gains; be devoid of gains; be without profit or outcome<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan aadaayamillaama irukra tozille iiTupaTTu nereya paNatte ezandaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was involved in a business that was totally unproductive, and he lost a lot of money</font><br> 1) (laabamillaama iru) 7 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unravel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pirinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> come apart, get frayed, be worn through, become undone; get untangled, be disentangled, be separated out, unwind, get untwisted. <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The stitches began to unravel, and the garment came apart</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pudir veLangu)</font> 3 intr <br> become separate so that the elements of s.t. are clarified<br> <br> <font size=+1>pudir veLanga toTanginadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The mystery began to unravel</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unroll</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 6b tr <br> unwind and open out s.t.; spread s.t. out that has been rolled up<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaye virikka sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked (s.o.) to unroll the mat</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unsanitary, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azukkaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> become dirty, soiled or unclean, as clothes, the body, water, etc.; be impure<br> <font size=+1>The clothing is so dirty it's unsanitary, and should be destroyed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unscrew</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tera)</font> 7 intr <br> loosen, remove, open or detach by rotating<br> <br> <font size=+1>muuTiye terakka muTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>I cannot unscrew the lid</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unseat</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padavilerundu niikku)</font> 3 intr <br> remove or dislodge from a position or office; (equestr.) dislodge, throw, dismount, upset, unhorse<br> <br> <font size=+1>ozungaa veele seyyaada mandiriye ellaam modalvar padavilerundu niikkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Chief Minister unseated all the ministers who weren't doing their jobs</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unsettle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> make uneasy, disturb; cause to feel anxious or uneasy; discompose, unnerve, upset, disquiet, perturb, discomfit, disconcert, alarm, dismay, trouble, bother, agitate, fluster, ruffle, shake (up), thro<br> <br> <font size=+1>anaavasiyamaa peesi enne kozappaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't unsettle me by saying unnecessary things.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozambu)</font> become uneasy, disturbed; be discomposed, unnerved, upset, disturbed, disquieted, perturbed, discomfitted, disconcerted, alarmed, dismayed, troubled, bothered, agitated, flustered, ruffled, shaken (up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadir sulabamaa kozambi pooyiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Kathir gets unsettled easily</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>untangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sikkeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> remove knots or tangles; untangle; clear the matted hair by combing<br> <br> <font size=+1>ammaa en taleye vaari sikku eTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother combed my hair and untangled the knots.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>untie</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muTicceTu)</font> 6 tr <br> remove knots; untangle, disentangle<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda kayattooTe muTicce konjam eTukka muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Could you untie the knot in this rope please?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(avizttu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> free from s.t. that binds or restrains<br> <br> <font size=+1>maaTTe avizttu viTTaa adu meeya poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you untie the cow, it will go out grazing.</font><br> 1) 2) 3) </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aviz)</font> 6 tr <br> loosen or undo a knot or s.t. knotted<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar marattule eeri anda kodiye avuzkka sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He asked (s.o.) to climb the tree and untie the flag</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unwell, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(oTambu sariyaa ille)</font> neg only; 3 pn <br> be ill, sick, be not well; be afflicted with a medical condition; be diseased<br> <br> <font size=+1>konja naaLaa en appaavooTa oTambu sariyaa ille</font><br> <font size=+1>My father's has been unwell for the past few days</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>unwrap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLiyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> remove the coverings from, disclose to view<br> <font size=+1>When the package arrived, we unwrapped it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tera)</font> 7 tr <br> remove the wrappings from, open<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar poTTalatte terandu paattaaru </font><br> <font size=+1>He unwrapped the package</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>uphold</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aadari)</font> 6b tr <br> support; sustain; hold up; adhere to<br> <font size=+1>I continue to uphold these principles as sacred</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTepiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> defend or affirm in the face of a challenge<br> <br> <font size=+1>en taattaa darmatte kaTepiTiccu naTappavar</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather upholds dharma at all times.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>uplift</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuukki niruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> raise to a higher social, moral, or intellectual level<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaar munnaaTiyum duriyoodanan karNane tuukki niruttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Duriyodhana uplifted Karna in front of everyone.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>uproot</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> pull up by the roots; dig out<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaTi poona ceTiyeyellaam piTungi eTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Uproot the plants that have dried up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oziccu kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> destroy or remove completely, eradicate, eliminate<br> <br> <font size=+1>varumeye oziccu kaTTa arasaangam muTivu senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government decided to try to uproot poverty</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> be forced to leave an accustomed or native habitat; move s.o. from their home or a familiar location:<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people were uprooted by the tsunami and have still been unable to return to their homes</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>uprooted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veerooTu vizu)</font> 2 intr <br> be no longer connected to the soil by roots; be pulled up, rooted out, deracinated, grubbed out/up<br> <br> <font size=+1>maram veerooTe vizundu keTandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tree was uprooted by the intensity of the storm</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>upset</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> distress mentally or emotionally; make uneasy, disturb; cause to feel anxious; discompose, unnerve, disquiet, perturb, discomfit, disconcert, alarm, dismay, trouble, bother, agitate, fluster, ruffle,<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan enne nallaa kozappiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He upset me badly.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 6b tr <br> disturb the normal functioning, order, or course of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en tiTTatte kalecciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He upset my plan.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tookkaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> defeat unexpectedly<br> j <br> <font size=+1>jappaan indiyaave haakkiyle tookkaTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Japan upset India in hockey.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(talekiizaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> turn the tables on; disrupt; distress, trouble, confound, wreck, thwart, disturb, discompose, unsettle, fluster, throw off<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan en tiTTatte talekiizaakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He upset my plan.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>upset, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(keTTuTu)</font> 4 intr <br> suffer from a disorder (in the body or mind); be uncomfortable<br> <br> <font size=+1>aLavukku miiri saappiTTadaale en vayiru keTTuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I ate too much so my stomach is upset</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kalangu)</font> 3 intr <br> be disturbed, be shaken up, become anxious, uneasy, be disturbed; be discomposed, unnerved, upset, disquieted, perturbed, discomfitted, disconcerted, alarmed, dismayed, troubled, bothered, agitated<br> <br> <font size=+1>avangaLooTa viiTTule naTanda toyara sambavatte nenecci avanga romba kalangiyirukkraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They are quite upset by the sorrowful turn of events in their house last month</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>upset, be/become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nelekole)</font> 2b intr <br> be upset, lose balance; be distressed<br> <br> <font size=+1>edurpaaraama naTanduTTa toyarumaana seydiye keeTTadum appaTiyee nelekolenjiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as he heard the unexpected news he got very upset right then and there</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>upset, be/come</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manam kozambi poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become distressed mentally or emotionally<br> <br> <font size=+1>saanta romba manam kozambi pooyirukka</font><br> <font size=+1>Santha is very upset.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>upset, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padepade)</font> 6 intr <br> be deeply distressed, anxious, afraid<br> j <br> <font size=+1>ange naTanda koleye paattadum jananga padepadekka ooTunaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When they witnessed the murder, the people who were there got very upset and started running away</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>urge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uukkuvi)</font> 6 tr <br> drive or urge; encourage<br> <br> <font size=+1>meelpaTippu paTikka en ammaa enne uukkiviccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>My mother urged me to go for higher studies.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> urge, egg on; encourage, drive forcibly; impel; hasten, push, propel, force, hasten, hurry, speed up<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyar enne paaTattule ozekke tuuNTinaange</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher urged me to work hard at my lessons.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(undu)</font> ?3 tr <br> drive forward or onward forcefully, impel<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??kudirengaLe kaaTTukkuLLe undinaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>They urged the horses towards the forest</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(varpuruttu)</font> 3 intr <br> advocate or press urgently or persistently; encourage<br> <br> <font size=+1>evvaLavoo varpuruttiyum kLiNTan uNmeye solla maruttuTTaar</font><br> <font size=+1>Clinton refused to tell the truth in spite of being urged to do so</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTu)</font> 3 tr <br> persuade, force, or otherwise move to a course of action<br> j <br> <font size=+1>kliNTan meele vazakku toTara yaaroo paulaa jooNse tuuNTiyirukkaNumNNu sollikkiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Rumor has it that Paula Jones must have been urged to file a lawsuit against Clinton</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>urge on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uukkamuuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> stimulate, excite, inspire; give s.o. a boost<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeraasiriyarooTa peeccu enakku uukkamuuTTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The professor's talk urged me on.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>urinate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(??ciruniir kazi)</font> 6b intr <br> discharge urine; piss, pee<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>naan oNNukku poohaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>I have to take a pee</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>use</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> use, make use of, put forth, as strength, influence, etc.<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avan buddisaalittanatte payanpaTuttidaan naanga pooTTile jeyiccoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We won in the competition using his intelligence.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put to use, make use of, apply<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru naaTTule keTekkra muula poruLungaLe nalla paTi payanpaTutta veeNum</font><br> <font size=+1>it is always better to make use of the raw materials that are available locally in a country</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> conduct o.s. toward, treat; make use of, take (unfair) advantage of s.t.; exploit for o's own advantage or gain<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>As you go through life, take care not to use people for your own purposes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> take or partake of regularly as alcohol or drugs<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku taNNi pooTra pazakkam irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He uses alcohol habitually.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> put to some purpose, avail o.s. of; take advantage of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTecca vaayppe payanpaTuttikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must use the opportunity that has opened up,</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> bring or put into service or action, employ; put to use<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda vaNTiye poona pattu varushamaa payanpaTuttiTrukkoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We have been using this vehicle for the past 10 years.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>use up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiindu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> consume completely, exhaust, deplete, drain<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>neettekku vaangina sakkareyellaam tiindupoocca? </font><br> <font size=+1>Did we use up all the sugar that we bought yesterday?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiittuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> consume completely, exhaust<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga piTiccu veccirunda taNNiyeyellaam kuTiccu tiittuTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They used up all the water that we had stored up</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>used to (be/get)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahku)</font> 3 intr <br> practice, be used to; be in a relationship of; get into the habit of; fall into a pattern of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa tambi anda poNNooTa romba saadaaraNa moreyiletaan oru sahoodarane poola pazahuraan</font><br> <font size=+1>My younger brother has gotten used to a kind of relationship with that woman that is primarily like that of a brother</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>used to, be/get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazahippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become used to, settle in with, accustom s.o. to<br> <br> <font size=+1>tenamum raattiriyile pattu maNikkellaam tuungi pazahippoocci</font><br> <font size=+1>People have gotten used to going to bed every day at ten o'clock</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>used to, get</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payil?? not used in exe)</font> 1 intr <br> learn, get used to; accustom o.s. to s.t.; get in the habit of<br> <br> <font size=+1>??eLam vayasule paTikkaradu nalladu</font><br> <font size=+1>It's good to get used to learning while still young</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>useful, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payanaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> be able to produce a result; be beneficial<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda kaNTupiTippu ellaarukkum romba payanaLikkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This discovery will be very useful to everyone</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be helpful, be advantageous, convenient; come in handy<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaa poona varusham vaanguna anda karuviyellaam ippa enakku romba payanpaTudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Those instruments that were purchased by my father last year are now quite useful to me.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>usher</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuTTikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> escort; accompany s.o.; go along with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>vandavangaLe avunga siiTTukku kuuTTikkiTTu poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We ushered the guests to their seats</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azecciTTu vaa)</font> 2c tr <br> lead or conduct, cause to enter, go along with s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>virundaaLingaLe viiTTuku uLLe azecciTTu vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Usher the guests into the house.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>usher in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varaveettu)</font> ?? <br> serve to introduce or inaugurate; welcome<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga pudu varushatte koTTumeeLattooTe varaveettaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They ushered in the New Year with music and festivities</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>usurp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaippattu)</font> 3 tr <br> seize and hold, as the power, position or rights of another by force and without right or authority<br> j <br> <font size=+1>eLavarasan raajyatte kaippattuvadukkaaha sadi tiTTam pooTTuTTiruppadu arasanukku teriya vandadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The king came to hear that the prince was plotting to usurp the throne</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aakrami)</font> 6b tr <br> take over or occupy physically as territory or possessions; seize or assume s.o.'s position or authority by force<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaNTiya raajaanga inda naharatte aakramiccaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Pandya kings usurped the power in this city.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>utilize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(payan paTuttukkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> use well; take advantage of a situation (not nec. financially)<br> <br> <font size=+1>on neeratte nii nallaa payanpaTuttiTTaa on veeleye nii neerattukku seyya muTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you utilize your time well, you can get your work done on time.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(payanpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> use; put to use; deploy, exploit<br> <br> <font size=+1>keTecca parisu paNatte nallaa payanpaTuttu</font><br> <font size=+1>Utilize the money you got wisely</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>utter</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayviTTu sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> express audibly; say out loud; bring out words<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna naTanduduNNu ennaale oru vaartte kuuTa vaayviTTu sollamuTuyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>I am unable to utter a syllable about what happened</font><br> 1) (peesu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> utter by means of speech, pronounce<br> <br> <font size=+1>avaraale teLivaa oNNum sollamuTiyale</font><br> <font size=+1>He could not utter anything clearly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vacate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaali seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> cease to occupy or hold, give up; leave, quit, depart from, evacuate, abandon, desert. <br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTukkaarar viiTTe kaali seyya sonnaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The house owner asked me to vacate the house.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niikku)</font> 3 tr <br> empty of occupants or incumbents; kick out, throw out, evict, evacuate<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiTTule kuTiyirundavangaLe paNNeyaaru valukaTTaayamaa niikkinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The landlord vacated all the residents of the house by force.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vaccinate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uusi pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> innoculate with a vaccine, give a vaccination, administer a shot; give injection(s)<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar kozandekki uusi pooTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor vaccinated the child.</font><br> 1) (amme kuttu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vacillate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uusalaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> sway from side to side, oscillate, teeter on the brink of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan uyir uusalaaTradunaale avan enda neeramum eranduTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he is vacillating near death, he could die at any time.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ~ b-~ </B> <font size=+1>(@vb-@vadaa veeNTaamaa)</font> n/a <br> swing indecisively between a course of action or opinions; fluctuate in opinion or resolution; dither, be indecisive, be undecided, waver, hesitate, be of two minds, blow hot and cold, keep changing<br> <br> <font size=+1>poovadaa veeNTaamaaNNu yoosane vandudu</font><br> <font size=+1>He vacillated between going and staying</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> hesitate, waver; dither, be indecisive, be undecided, be of two minds, blow hot and cold, keep changing o's mind; (inf.) dilly-dally, shilly-shally, hem and haw<br> <br> <font size=+1>tannooTa ammaave viTTuTTu veLinaaTu poradaaNNu avan tayangraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was vacillating about whether to go abroad, and having to leave his mother behind.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vague, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> equivocate; be unclear, not express o.s. clearly; be uncertain, indefinite, ill-defined, or imprecise; (inf.) waffle<br> <br> <font size=+1>keeTTadukku sariyaaha badil sollaama mazuppi viTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was vague in his reply</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vain, in (go/be)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be of no avail, not yielding the desired outcome, be fruitless, useless<br> <br> <font size=+1>en moyarciyellaam viiNaa pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All my efforts went in vain.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>validate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sellattakkadaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> declare or make legally valid; make valid; ratify, confirm<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasu reNTu ruubaa naaNayatte sellattakkadaakkiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The government validated the (use of the) two rupee coin.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>value</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(madippiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> evaluate; put a price on s.t.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ede veccu tangatte madippiTuviinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>How do you value the gold?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(madi)</font> 6b tr <br> determine or estimate the worth or value of, appraise; regard highly, esteem, cherish; evaluate, assess, appraise; set a price on, price<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan en paaTTiyooTa peecce madikkareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I value my grandmother's words.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vandalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seedappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> damage, spoil, harm; cause damage to; destroy or damage willfully or maliciously (esp. property); wreck<br> <br> <font size=+1>enakku veeNTaadavanga yaaroo en vaNTiye seedappaTuttiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone who has something against me has vandalized my car</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNumNee azi)</font> 6b tr <br> destroy or deface property willfully or maliciously; mess up<br> <br> <font size=+1>siitaa giitaavooTa koolatte veeNumNee aziccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sita vandalized Gita's koolam on purpose.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vanish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(marenji poo)</font> 3b intr <br> disappear, esp. quickly or in an unexplained way<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyil aTiccavoTane vaanavillu marenju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The rainbow vanished when the sunlight came.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> pass out of existence, disappear, cease to exist; be wiped out<br> <br> <font size=+1>guNTu veTiccadule anda naharamee azinjupooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>As a result of the bomb explosion, that city simply vanished</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vanquish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(muriyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> defeat in battle, overwhelm, conquer or overcome; beat, trounce, overpower, overthrow, subdue, subjugate, quell, quash, crush, bring s.o. to their knees; (inf.) lick, trump, whomp,<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiiviravaadingaLooTa moyarciye ellaam pooliis muriyaTiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The police vanquished the terrorists' attempts.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aTakku)</font> 3 tr <br> overcome or subdue, as an emotion, suppress, quell<br> <br> <font size=+1>teraNTu vanda oNarcciye aTakkikkiTTu peesa toTanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He managed to vanquish his rising emotions and started speaking</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vaporize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaviyaa maaru)</font> 3 tr <br> convert or be converted into vapor<br> <br> <font size=+1>mandiravaadi mandiram sonnavoTane buudam aaviyaa mariccu</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the sorcerer said his chants, the ghost vaporized.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>varnish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(meruhu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> cover with varnish; glaze; give a smooth and glossy finish to; lacquer, shellac, enamel, veneer<br> <br> <font size=+1>kadavukku ellaam meruhu kuTuttaa paakka nallaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>It will look nice if we varnish the doors.</font><br> 1) (paLapaLappaakku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(minukku)</font> 3 tr <br> give a deceptively attractive appearance to; put a nice face on s.t.; gussy up; smarten up, dress up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to varnish his words by praising everybody fulsomely, but it didn't work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vary</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vittyaasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make successive or alternate changes in qualities or attributes; make s.t. extremely variable or changeable<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He tried to vary the offerings on the menu, with fish alternating with meats of various sorts</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(maattu)</font> 3 tr <br> express in a different manner; make different; modify, diversify<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaar tannooTa viLakkatte maattinadum enakku purinjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I understood (the concept) when the teacher varied his explanation.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(vityaasappaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> be different, deviate; be variable, changeable<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The weather tends to vary a lot at this time of year--sometimes warm, sometimes cold</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vault</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taavu)</font> 3 intr <br> jump or leap, esp. by using the hands or a pole<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan sovatte taavi kudiccu ooTiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief vaulted over the wall and ran away.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oyaru)</font> 2 intr <br> ascend or move upward rapidly; do s.t. as if by leaping suddenly or vigorously<br> <br> <font size=+1>baalaa anjee varushattule tan niruvanattule periya padavikki oyanduTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Bala vaulted to a top position in his firm in just five years.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>veer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(dese maaru)</font> 3 intr <br> turn aside from a course, direction, or purpose, swerve<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan tiTiirNu vaNTiye dese maatti ooTTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He suddenly veered the vehicle in a different direction.</font><br> 1) (pookke maattu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suttippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> swerve; turn around<br> <br> <font size=+1>aalamaratte suttippoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Veer around the banyan tree.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vegetate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(soombeeriyaa kaalam taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> lead a dull, passive, or merely physical existence; live or spend a period of time in a dull, inactive, unchallenging way; do nothing, idle, be inactive, laze around, lounge around, loaf around, langu<br> !<br> <font size=+1>baalu veele seyyaama soombeeriyaa kaalam taLLuraane!</font><br> <font size=+1>Balu is not working but just vegetating!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>veil</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mareccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> cover, conceal, or mask with or as if with a veil; allude to s.t. indirectly<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He made thinly veiled threats about attacking another country</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mukkaaTTu pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> cover, esp. the head and face, with a veil<br> <br> <font size=+1>araabiya naTule ellaam muslim poNNunga mukkaaTu pooTradu vazakkam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is customary for Muslim women to veil their faces in Arabic countries.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>venerate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mariyaade seluttu)</font> 3 tr <br> regard with respect, reverence or deference<br> <br> <font size=+1>periyavangaLukku mariyaade seluttradu namma kalaaccaarattooTa oru amsam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is an aspect of our culture to venerate elders.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kumbuTu @(sh tr)@, vaNangu)</font> 3 tr <br> worship, pay o's respects to, greet or pay homage formally<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tiruppadi vengadaacalapadiye reNTu taTave kumbuTureen</font><br> <font size=+1>I venerate Lord Venkadachalapadi of Tiruppati twice a day</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vent</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> give forceful expression or utterance to, express; unleash (esp. strong emotions)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He vented all his anger on his poor unsuspecting neighbor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poohaviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> discharge through a vent; allow to escape through a vent<br> j <br> <font size=+1>poheye jannal vaziyaa poohaviTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Vent the smoke through the window.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ventilate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattooTTa viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> let fresh air into so as to replace stale air<br> j <br> <font size=+1>??ellaa jannalum terandu kaarrooTTa vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>The room should be ventilated to remove the smell of cigarette smoke</font><br> 1) (suttakkaattu poha senju suttappaTuttu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>venture</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNi)</font> 2t&i <br> hazard; take a chance; presume; act boldly; dare<br> <font size=+1>Would you venture that today, given what we know now?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> brave the dangers of; undertake s.t. adventurous, dangerous, or scarey<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan paTeviirangradunaale poorukku tuNinju poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ventured into the war bravely since he was a soldier.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tuNinju peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> express at the risk of denial, criticism, or censure, dare; be so bold as, presume<br> <br> <font size=+1>malar yaarukkum bayappaTaama tuNinju peesuvaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Malar fears nobody and thus ventures his opinions freely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(dairiyamaa iiTupaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> expose to danger or risk<br> <br> <font size=+1>kashTamaana kaariyattileyum avan dairiyamaa iiTupaTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He ventures into difficult tasks with courage.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>verbalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peeccu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> express in words; say what one means<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He's very good at verbalizing his wants and desires</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayaale sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> give voice to, articulate, state clearly<br> <br> <font size=+1>nenakkrade teLivaa vaayaale sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Try to verbalize clearly what you are thinking.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>verge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aNuhu)</font> 3 intr <br> approach the limit or verge; be near to<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>His adventures in the Middle East verge on madness, if you ask me</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>verify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariNNu niruubiccu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> determine or test the truth or accuracy of, as by comparision, investigation, or reference<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda vakkiilaaleyum ide sariNNu niruubiccu kaaTTamuTiyaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>No lawyer can verify that this is true.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(niruubi)</font> 6b tr <br> prove the truth of by presenting evidence or testimony, substantiate (two associates verified my story<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>saaTci illeNNaa eppaTi avandaan kuTravaaLiNNu niruubippe?</font><br> <font size=+1>Without any witnesses, how can you prove that he's the culprit?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>veto</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niraahari)</font> 6b tr <br> kill a legislative bill by exercising the power of veto; stop s.t. with the power of the veto<br> <br> <font size=+1>sabaanaayahar mamtaavooTa koorikkeye niraahariccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Speaker vetoed Mamta's request.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vex</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tondaravu seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> annoy; trouble; irritate<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii anda vishayattule taleyiTTu tondaravu senjiTTe</font><br> <font size=+1>You have managed to vex the situation with your intervention!</font><br> 1) (naccari) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kozappu)</font> 3 tr <br> baffle, puzzle; annoy, irritate, anger, exasperate, irk, gall, pique, put out, antagonize, get on s.o.'s nerves, ruffle s.o.'s feathers, make s.o.'s hackles rise; rub s.o. the wrong way; (inf.) agg<br> <br> <font size=+1>aasiriyarooTa keeLvi enne romba kozappiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The teacher's question vexed me a lot.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(alaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> irritate or annoy, bother<br> <br> <font size=+1>enne viTaama alaTTikkaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't vex me constantly!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(avasteppaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> bring physical discomfort to; make uncomfortable or unhappy<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNakkashTattaale avar romba avaseppaTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He was vexed a lot by financial problems</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vibrate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kulungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be shattered, be agitated, shaken up; be shook up<br> b <br> <font size=+1>naama poora rooTu sariyilaadadanaale naama poora bassu romba kulungudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Since the road we're traveling on is not in good condition the bus is vibrating a lot</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>victimize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosam seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> subject to fraud or swindle; cheat, bamboozle, deceive, trick, defraud, dupe, hoodwink, double-cross, gull; exploit, take advantage of; (inf.) con, finagle, bilk; rip off, fleece, take for a ride<br> <br> <font size=+1>goopi nereye appaavihaLe moosam senjuTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Gopi has victimized many innocents.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vie</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTTipooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> offer in competition, match; compete<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTupeerum oruttarukku oruttar kaTumeyaa pooTTipooTTukiTTu viLeyaaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Both of them are strongly vying against the other.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>view</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paarveyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> examine, inspect, take in; have a look at<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyalnaale eerpaTTa seedatte mudalvar paarveyiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The Chief Minister viewed the damage caused by the storm.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nene @(rb tr)@)</font> 3 tr <br> study or survey mentally, consider, estimate, esteem<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane romba buddisaaliNNu en appaa nenekkaraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father views him as very intelligent.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>view, come into</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tooNu)</font> 3 intr <br> appear, materialize; catch sight of; emerge, come forth, arrive, turn/show/crop up, materialize, surface, loom, pop up <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We waited for half an hour until the funeral procession finally came into view</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vigilant, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizippaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be mindful, cautious, careful, on the lookout; be perspicacious, observant<br> . <br> <font size=+1>uuTuruval kaaranga pala eTangaLLeyum sutturaanga. adanaale kaavalkaaranga romba vizippaa irukkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>Criminal elements are at large in different parts of the region, so the police have to be very vigilant</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vilify</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izivu paTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> defile; defame; lower in character or quality; make lower or worse;<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuttavaaLiye makkaL izivu paTutti peesinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people vilified the culprit</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(avaduuraa peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> defame, denigrate; libel, slander, malign, cast aspersions on, smear, traduce, give s.o. a bad name, run down, speak ill of, vilify, besmirch, stigmatize, disparage, discredit, decry; (inf.) do a hat<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelu goomadiye patti avaduuraa peesinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Velu vilified Gomathi.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vindicate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nirabaraadiNNu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> clear of accusation, blame, suspicion, or doubt with corroboration or proof; exonerate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan vakkiil avane nirabaraadiNNu kaaTTinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>His lawyer vindicated his innocence.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nyaayamNu kaaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> justify<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii senjadu nyaayamNu unnaale kaaTTamuTimaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you vindicate your actions?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>violate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kale)</font> 6b tr <br> disturb rudely or improperly, interrupt <br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Reporters and papparazzi managed to violate our privacy while we were on our honeymoon</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pangappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> do harm to, desecrate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>They violated and desecrated the sanctity of the holy sites</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(saTTatte miiru)</font> 3 intr <br> break (a law) intentionally or unintentionally, disregard<br> <br> <font size=+1>yaar saTTatte miirinaalum avangaLukku taNTane kuTukkappaTum</font><br> <font size=+1>Punishment will be meted out to anyone who violates the law.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(karpazi)</font> 6b tr <br> rape; injure the person or property of<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru pooliis adihaari inda appaavi poNNe karpaziccuTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>A police official violated this innocent woman.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>visible, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teri)</font> 2b intr 3 pn <br> be able to be seen; be perceptible; be in view; be discerned or discernible; appear at a distance, come into view<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTTaTam innum teriyudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The building is still visible</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>visit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vanduTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> get to a place, arrive<br> <br> <font size=+1>oru taTave enga uurukku vanduTTu poongaLeen appaTiNNu ennooTa naNbar aTikkaTi azeccikiTTirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My friend keeps on inviting me over and over to come to visit his place at least once</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> converse or chat; gossip, have a chat or visit<br> <br> <font size=+1>pakkattu viiTTu maamiyooTa peesikkiTTirundeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I was visiting with my neighbor</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(tangu)</font> 3 intr <br> stay with as a guest; spend the night; remain overnight at a place<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuryaa enga viiTTuledaan tanginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Surya visited and stayed at our place.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(paakka poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go to see a person, call on s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTTiye paakka poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We visited grandmother</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa)</font> 2c intr <br> come to see a person, call on; drop by<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pakkam varum poodu enga viiTTukku vaangaLeen</font><br> <font size=+1>If you are in this area, do visit us</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(paakkappoo)</font> 3b tr <br> go or come to see a place as on a tour<br> <br> <font size=+1>aaspattirile irunda en paaTTiye naan paakkappooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I visited my grandmother who was in the hospital.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>visualize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(karpane seyyi @(nb tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> conceptualize; form a mental picture of; conjure up, envisage, picture in the mind's eye, envision, imagine, conceive<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNakkaaranaa irundaa vaazkke eppaTi irukkumNu karpane senjipaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Visualize how life would be if you became rich.</font><br> 1) (manakkaNNu munnaale tooNuvi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vitiate</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siirkole)</font> 2b tr <br> spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of; render useless or defective; corrupt morally, debase, corrupt, contaminate<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The policy was vitiated by a provision that rendered the whole program ineffective</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vocalize</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koral kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> use the voice; make sounds or noises with the vocal apparatus<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Some people think that because animals can vocalize to some extent, that they actually have something comparable to human language!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuralezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> produce with the voice; make sounds with the voice<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>vaaye nahattaamalee avar eppaTi koralezupparaaru?</font><br> <font size=+1>How is he able to vocalize without moving his mouth?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vociferous, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erenju kattu)</font> 3 tr <br> be loud and vehement; beconspicuously and offensively loud; be given to vehement outcry; be blatant, demanding, clamorous, or strident<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>een ippaTi erenju kattaree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you being so vociferous?</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>voice</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) , </B> <font size=+1>(terivi, veLiyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> give voice to, utter; express, make known<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan eppavum tan karutte teriviccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He always voiced his opinions (in no uncertain terms)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>void</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(gaali seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> cancel, as a check or monetary transaction; remove (the contents of)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He voided the check that he had just written and tore it up</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kazi)</font> 6b intr <br> evacuate body wastes, esp. the bladder<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Go into the next room and voice your bladder into this container.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>voluble, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maLamaLaNNu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak in a steady flow; flow readily as of words in speaking; be never at a loss for words<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaaleejukku pooha aaramiccadulerundu ava maLamaLaNNu peesaraa</font><br> <font size=+1>She has become very voluble since she started going to college.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>volunteer</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toNTu seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> give or offer to give on o's own initiative; render service to others without payment<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezengaLukku toNTu seyyradu kaTavuLukku toNTu seyyradukku samam</font><br> <font size=+1>Volunteering in service to the poor is equivalent to serving God.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(meerkoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> enter into or offer to enter into a venture of o's own free will<br> <br> <font size=+1>??evvaLavu kaTinamaana veeleyaa irundaalum avan ade meerkkiTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>No matter how difficult or strenous the work, he volunteers [willingly]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vomit</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaandi eTu)</font> 6 intr, tr <br> throw up; eject matter from the stomach through the mouth; emit in an uncontrolled stream or flow; spew, fetch up; heave, retch, reach, gag; get sick ; (inf.) throw up, chuck up, upchuck,puke, barf,<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>kozande een ippaTi vaandi eTukkaraan? avane maruttuvaruTTa oTanee koNTupoo</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is the child vomiting like this? Take him to the doctor immediately.</font><br> 1) (kakku) 3 intr<br> 2) (vaayaale eTu) 6 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vote</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vooTTu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> indicate o's preference by vote<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>elekshanle yaarukku vooTTu pooTTiinga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who did you vote for in the election?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakkaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> cast a vote in an election<br> <br> <font size=+1>??kaaleyle toTangina maze toTandu penjadunaale, [...??] vakkaaLaarnga vaakkaLikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it continued to rain all day, most of the registered voters didn't vote (in the election)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>voted out, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazivaa poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be thrown out of office; be voted down; be rejected; be dumped, trounced, sent home<br> ; <br> <font size=+1>inda pradama mandiriye ottarukkum piTikkale; avar inda teerdalle kazivaa poovaarNNu naan nenekkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>Nobody likes the current prime minister. I strongly believe he'll be voted out in the elections.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vouch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTci sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> substantiate by providing evidence, verify; assert or confirm the truth or accuracy of; confirm the identity or good character of s.o.; speak up for s.o.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>unnaale bayappaTaame koorTule saaTci solla muTiyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Can you vouch (for this) in court without fear?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vouch (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uttaravaadam seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> give personal assurance, guarantee<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava poy sollamaaTTaaNNu uttaravaadam senjadaale ava sonnadeyellaam nambineen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he vouched for her honesty, I believed everything she said</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>vow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neeru)</font> 2 tr <br> express a promise or pledge, take an oath; pledge to s.t. for a deity in exchange for a boon<br> <br> <font size=+1>veele keTeccadum tiruppadikki pooy saami tarisanam seyveeNNu neendaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He vowed that if he found work, he'd go to Tirupadi and do penance to the God</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaakku kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> assert or declare formally; make a solemn promise to do s.t.; give o's word<br> <br> <font size=+1>unne kalyaaNam senjikareeNNu muurti kalaakku vaakku kuTuttaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Murthi vowed to Kala that he would marry her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sapadam seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 intr <br> make a pledge or threat to undertake<br> <br> <font size=+1>edirihaLeyellaam aziccukkaTTuveeNNu arasan sabadam senjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The king vowed destruction to his enemies</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aaNeyiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> promise or pledge solemnly<br> <br> <font size=+1>varumeye ozikkareeNNu anda arasiyalvaadi aaNeyiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>That politician vowed to eliminate poverty.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wad up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 6b tr <br> crush or crumple together in a shapeless lump; pack, bundle, stuff, or compact s.t., usu. carelessly<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ellaa tuNiyeyum oree peTTiyle anda maadiri aTekkaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't wad all the clothes together in one suitcase like that!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>waddle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(asenjaaTi naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> walk clumsily; walk like a duck; totter, dotter<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaattu maadiri asenjaaTi naTandu poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He waddled like a duck</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wade</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taNNiyle naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> move, walk in or through water<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>?? aattukku vandappa, kaTakkradukkaaha taNNiyle naTakkaveeNTiyirundadu [hs</font><br> <font size=+1>When we got to the river, we had to wade across</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> make o's way with difficulty<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda nadiye kaTandu poonaa veera oru graamam varum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you wade through this river, you will reach another village.</font><br> 1) (taaNTu) </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>waffle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> be evasive or vague; hesitate, waver; pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan sariyaa badil sollaame mazuppiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He waffled without answering properly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>waft</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(medandu (modandu) poo)</font> 3b intr <br> drift gently and smoothly; pass easily or gently through the air or in the water; move with a gliding motion<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTahu koLattule meduvaa medandu poohudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The boat is wafting slowly along in the pond.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(mella viisu)</font> 3 intr <br> drift, as a smell; sweep smoothly and lightly along<br> <br> <font size=+1>puuvooTa manam mella viisudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The fragrance of flowers is wafting [towards us]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> move, esp. a body part, from side to side<br> !<br> <font size=+1>ede keeTTaalum peesaama taleye maTTum aaTTaade!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't keep wagging your head for everything I ask!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> be constantly active; move rapidly to and fro.<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The rumor that she was going to marry again set everybody's tongues wagging</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wage</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiTupaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> engage in, as a war, campaign, or battle<br> <br> <font size=+1>reNTu naaTum pattu varushamaa poorle iiTupaTTuTrukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The two countries have been waging a war for ten years now</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wager</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pandayam piTi)</font> 6b intr <br> bet<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vishayattukkukkuuTa avan pandayam piTippaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He wagers money even for small things.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wail</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(polambu)</font> 3 intr <br> cry out; sob; utter repeatedly; try to speak while sobbing; howl, ululate, roar, yawl, yaup; protest or grieve audibly<br> . ?<br> <font size=+1>ava eppoodum ellaatte pattiyum polambraa. avaLaale een tiruptiyaa irukka muTiyale?</font><br> <font size=+1>She wails constantly about everything. Why is she so unhappy?</font><br> 1) 2) </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(oolam iTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make a high-pitched, prolonged sound suggestive of a cry<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayil oolam pooTTukiTTee veehamaa pooyiTTrundudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The train wailed and then zoomed on ahead</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wait</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(edirpaar)</font> 6 tr <br> expect; be expectant or attendant for s.o. to do s.t.; stay in one place and anticipate or expect s.t.; look forward to the probable occurrence of s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>sundariyooTa varuheye ava aNNan edirpaattuTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sundari's brother is waiting for her to arrive.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(nillu)</font> 5 intr <br> stay in one spot, as if expectant<br> <br> <font size=+1>avane viiTTu munnaale niNNuTTirundade paatteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I saw him waiting in front of the house</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wait (for)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaattiru)</font> 7 intr <br> remain or be in readiness or expectation; bide (o's time); await<br> <br> <font size=+1>sariyaa are maNi neeram taan kaattiruppeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I'll wait exactly half an hour for you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wait in ambush</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(padungiyiru)</font> 7 intr <br> lie in wait, lurk; hide out; wait in hiding to attack<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiraTannga pakkattu maleyle padungi irukkaanga appaTingradule enda vidamaana sandeehamum ille</font><br> <font size=+1>There is not the slightest doubt that the thieves are waiting in ambush in the hills nearby</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>waive</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> set aside, dispense with; do without or cease to hold or adhere to; lose or lose the right to by some error, offense, or crime; relinquish, forgo, foreswear, dispense with; forfeit; give up or relinqu<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I wanted them to waive the requirement that I take the exam, but they wouldn't</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wake</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> rouse from sleep; awaken; wake up; arouse<br> <br> <font size=+1>raamuve adikaale ezuppradu muTiyaada kaariyam</font><br> <font size=+1>It is impossible to wake Ramu early in the morning.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wake (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> arouse, awaken from sleep, get s.o. moving<br> ? ?<br> <font size=+1>tambi een ippiTi aLavukku adihamaa tuunguraa; avane ezuppiviTungaLeen?</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't know why the boy is sleeping so much. Why don't you wake him up?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>walk</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi anuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> accompany or escort s.o. a distance<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaasal varekkum avankuuTappooy vazi anuppineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I walked him to the door</font><br> 1) (kuuTappoo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(naTakka poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go on foot for exercise or pleasure; go for or take a walk<br> <br> <font size=+1>saappiTTadum naTakka poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as we had eaten, we walked for a while</font><br> 1) (vakking poo) 3b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> use o's feet to advance; advance by steps; put one foot in front of the other<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande ippattaan naTakka toTangiyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The child is just beginning to walk</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> go or travel on foot<br> , <br> <font size=+1>kaare eTukkaveeNTaam, kaTekki naTandee poolaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Lets walk to the store, rather than take the car</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wall up/off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sovar ezuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> enclose with a wall; close off or obstruct with a wall<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to wall off this exit, and open another doorway over there</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wallow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> indulge o.s. excessively, revel; devote o.s. entirely to s.t.; indulge in to an immoderate degree, usu. with pleasure<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't just lie there, wallowing in your misery; get up and get to work!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poraLu)</font> 1 intr <br> roll the body about in; delight greatly in<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNNikki seettule poraLradu romba ishTamaana kaariyam</font><br> <font size=+1>Pigs love to wallow in the mud</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wander</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttikkiTTu tiri)</font> 6b tr <br> move about aimlessly, roam; swan, stray, tramp, ramble, rove, range, drift, vagabond<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>paTikkaama naaL puuraavum uursuttinaa eppaTi paasaaha muTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How will you pass the exam if you wander around all day instead of studying?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(alenju tiri)</font> 2b intr <br> move about aimlessly or without any destination or clear goals; drift<br> <br> <font size=+1>puduu uurngradunaale velaasatte kaNTupiTikka alenju tirinjeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wandered around, trying to find the address since I was new to the city/</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaal poona pookkule naTa)</font> 7 intr <br> move around aimlessly without goals<br> <br> <font size=+1>edeyoo nenaccabaTi kaal poona pookkule naTanduTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wandered around aimlessly thinking about various things, and killing time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wane</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 2b intr <br> decrease gradually in size; let up, diminish, cool off or down (of heat)<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyil korenjavoTane veLiyee veLeyaaTa poolaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Once the heat wanes, we can go out and play.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(samaaLi)</font> 6b tr <br> win or obtain by argument or contrivance; achieve s.t. by means of trickery or devious methods; finagle<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaariyatte saamarttiyamaa samaaLiciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He managed to wangle the deal by some kind of fast footwork</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>want</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNum)</font> def. + dat. <br> need or require<br> <br> <font size=+1>unakku innum porume veeNumNu enakku tooNudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I feel that you need more patience.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> desire greatly<br> <br> <font size=+1>sinimaa paakkaNumNu aaseppaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He wanted to see a movie</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(virumbu)</font> 3 tr <br> desire, feel a need for; set o's heart on<br> <br> <font size=+1>kavitaa virumbrade ellaam naan vaangikkuTuppeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I will buy everything that Kavitha wants.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>want to (vb)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ~ b + - +~ </B> <font size=+1>(@vb + laamNNu + @ iru)</font> 7 intr <br> desire, would like; have an intention of doing s.t.; feel like<br> <br> <font size=+1>appram male pakkam poohalaamNNu irukkreen</font><br> <font size=+1>After that, I want to (would like to, feel like) go to the mountains</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>ward off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn aside, parry; fend off, turn back<br> <br> <font size=+1>ediriyooTa aTiye ellaam naan taTuttuTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I managed to ward off the blows from my enemy.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>warm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suuTaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> raise the temperature slightly; heat up<br> <br> <font size=+1>paale suuTaakki kozandekku kuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Warm some milk and give it to the child</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuLir kaayi)</font> 2b intr <br> raise the temperature of<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuLir kaayradukkaaha tiiye muuTTinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We lit a fire to warm ourselves</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>warn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eccari)</font> 6b tr <br> make aware of potential or possible danger, potential harm, or risk; admonish or counsel in terms of s.o.'s behavior<br> <br> <font size=+1>neerattukku varaleNNaa veele pooyiTumNu en modalaaLi eccariccaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My boss warned me that I would lose my job if I don't come (to work) on time.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>warn off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(bayamuruttu)</font> 3 tr <br> give a forewarning of possible risk or danger<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda kaaTTule peey ellaam irukkuNNu soomu enne bayamuruttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Somu warned me off, saying that there are ghosts in that jungle.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>warp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neLinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> bend, turn or twist out of shape, as under pressure or from heat; make false by mutilation or addition, as of a message or story; falsify, distort, garble<br> <br> <font size=+1>perambu naarkaali mazeyle nanenju neLinju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cane chair has become warped from getting wet in the rain</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wary, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizippaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be watchful; be careful; be attentive; keep o's eyes open<br> <font size=+1>We warned them to be wary of any incursions over the border at night</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eccarikkeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be watchful, mindful, careful; be aware (of)<br> [,,,]<br> <font size=+1>saaleyile naTakkum poodu romba eccarikkeyaa irukkaNum [...]</font><br> <font size=+1>when you are walking on the street you need to be very wary of pickpockets</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kazuvu)</font> 3 tr <br> clean with water<br> <br> <font size=+1>kayye kazuviiTTu saappiTa vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Wash your hands and come to eat</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tove)</font> 6b tr <br> wash, as clothes, laundry; launder<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda poTaveye ellaam toveccu olarttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to wash these clothes and then get them dried</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>waste</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viisu)</font> 3 tr <br> fritter away extravagantly; cast down; throw away in contempt; spend thoughtlessly; consume, squander, blow it all<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>on paNatte een ippaTi viisare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you wasting your money like this?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> lay waste, devastate, desolate, ravage, scourge<br> <br> <font size=+1>eezenga eppovum saappaaTTe paazakkaamaaTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Poor people never waste food</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(neeram pookku)</font> 3 tr <br> waste, as time<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppaTi neeram pookkraan paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look at him, wasting his time</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> use, consume or expend thoughtlessly; fritter away<br> !<br> <font size=+1>neeratte viiNaakkaame paaTatte paTi!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't waste time; study the lesson!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(selavazi)</font> 6b tr <br> waste, as money<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa paNatteyum selavazikkaame konjam miccam piTi</font><br> <font size=+1>Save some money instead of wasting all of it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>waste (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teeyi)</font> 2b intr <br> wane, grow small; decrease; diminish , dwindle, weaken<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandu naTandu en kaal teenjiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Little by little my leg wasted away</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> pine, languish, or suffer, as in isolation, poverty, etc.; droop, fade, or wither, as flowers, plants, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>pala peer paTTiniyaale vaaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Many people waste away because of malnutrition.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>waste (time)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neeram kaTattu)</font> 3 tr <br> fritter away time, while away time; be slow or careless at work<br> ; !<br> <font size=+1>summaa okkaanduTTu neeram kaTattaade; on veeleye seyyi!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't sit there wasting your time; do your work!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>waste away</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(melinju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> grow gradually weaker, thinner, or more feeble<br> <br> <font size=+1>saappaaTu sariyaa saapTaadadunaale seehar melinju poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sekar wasted away since he didn't eat food properly.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wasted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paazaaha poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be, go for nothing; be be fruitless; be a waste of time and/or money; be frittered or dithered away<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan oru muTivu seyyaama sutti vazeccadaale kuuTTam kuuTiyadu paazaahap poonadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole meeting was just wasted, because he beat around the bush and wouldn't make a decision</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>watch</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaniccukko @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> heed, observe, be attentive<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaarum kavaniccukiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody was watching, staring and gawking.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeTikke paaru)</font> 6 intr <br> look on, act as a spectator; gawk, stare; take in<br> <br> <font size=+1>rooTle naTanda saNTeye ellaarum veeTikke paattukkiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone watched the fight happening on the street.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(samayam paaru)</font> 6 intr <br> look and wait expectantly<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambu samayam paattu kiiriye siiNTiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The snake watched and then attacked the mongoose.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>watch (over)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaaval kaa)</font> 6 tr <br> keep a watchful eye on, guard<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga naay viiTTe kaaval kaattudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Our dog watched over our house.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>watch o.s.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naTandukoo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> behave, conduct o.s., manage; pay attention to o's behavior; keep an eye on<br> . .<br> <font size=+1>inda aafiisu romba poruppaana eTam. adanaale paattu naTandukoo</font><br> <font size=+1>This office is a very responsible one, so try to watch yourself and how you act</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>watch out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) j </B> <font size=+1>(jaakkradeyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be careful or on the alert; be watchful, mindful; keep o's eyes open<br> j <br> <font size=+1>raattriyle tiruTar bayam irukkradunaale jaakkradeyaa iru</font><br> <font size=+1>Watch out, since there's a danger of thieves at night.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>water</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> pour; pour from one container into another; let flow, splash, spill<br> <br> <font size=+1>ceTingaLukku denam marakkaama taNNii uuttu</font><br> <font size=+1>Water the plants daily without fail</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> trickle, flow or cause to flow in drops or a small stream; dribble, ooze, leak, seep, spill; pour<br> <br> <font size=+1>ceTi nallaa vaLara denamum taNNi uuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>For the plant to grow and flourish, you have to water it daily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(sora)</font> 7 intr <br> produce or discharge fluid, as from the eyes; drip, ooze fluid<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaNNulerundu kaNNiir sorakka aaramiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My eyes started watering.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(niirpaaccu)</font> 3 intr <br> irrigate; supply water to (land or crops) by means of channels<br> <br> <font size=+1>tennandooppukku niirppaacca pooyirukkraar poolirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He must have gone to irrigate the coconut plantation</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(taNNi uuttu)</font> 3 intr <br> make wet by pouring water<br> <br> <font size=+1>seTikki taNNi uuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You should water the plants</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> move s.o. back and forth, or up and down in the air<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaiye aaTTi basse niruttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I waved my hand and stopped the bus.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiyase)</font> 6b intr <br> make a signal with the hand, or other object in the hand<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaiyaseccu viTe peTraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He waved goodbye</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suruTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> arrange hair in curls or waves; give a permanent<br> <br> <font size=+1>azahu nelayam pooy ava tannooTa muTiye suruTTikkiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She got her hair waved at the beauty parlor.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(ase)</font> 2b intr <br> move back and forth, flutter<br> <br> <font size=+1>koTi kaattule aseyudu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look, the flag is waving in the wind.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(aaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> shake, rock, swing, move, agitate; make a signal<br> . <br> <font size=+1>adoo unga naNbaru ange pooykiTTirukkaaru. kaiye aaTTunga; terinjikkuvaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Hey look--there's your friend over there; wave at him and he'll realize it's you</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>waver</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> hesitate or falter in action, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>tayangaama inda veelele eranginaa verri niccayam</font><br> <font size=+1>Victory is guaranteed if you start doing this work without wavering.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tayangu)</font> 3 intr <br> show indecision or irresolution, vacillate, hesitate, hem and haw, shilly-shally<br> <br> <font size=+1>enda muTivu eTukkradunaalum naan romba tayanguveen</font><br> <font size=+1>I waver a lot before taking any decision.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(uusalaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> falter or yield; shake with a quivering motion; be or become unsteady; begin to give way or lose ground; weaken<br> <br> <font size=+1>puliye paattadum en dairiyam uusalaaTa aaramiccudu</font><br> <font size=+1>My courage started to waver when I saw the tiger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(nele taLambu)</font> 3 intr <br> swing or move back and forth, sway; be indecisive, be unable to make up o's mind; shilly-shally<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ava een ippaTi nele taTumaari nikkuraa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is she wavering like this?</font><br> 1) (nele taTumaaru) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wax</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(peruhu)</font> 3 intr <br> grow, increase gradually in size, quantity, strength or intensity; show a progressively light surface, as the moon<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda arasarooTa aadikkam peruhikiTTe irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>That king's influence is waxing day by day.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weak, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mandamaahu)</font> 3b intr 3pn + dat <br> (of hearing) fail, grow faint, feeble, or dull<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan(ukku) kaadu mandamaahudu</font><br> <font size=+1>His hearing is weak</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weaken</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(balaviinappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> make or become weaker in power, resolve, or physical strength; enfeeble, debilitate, incapacitate, sap o's strength, enervate, tire, exhaust, wear out<br> <br> <font size=+1>balatta maze inda kaTTaTatte balaviinappaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>Heavy rains weakened this building.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taLaru)</font> 2 intr <br> let go, relax; become feeble, debilitated, incapacitated, enervated, tired, exhausted, worn out<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava piTi taLarrade oNandeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I could feel her hold weakening</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLarttu)</font> 3 tr <br> loosen, relax, make less firm; let go of<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe piTiye taLatta sonnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>he told her to weaken her hold</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(varavara eLeccu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become weak or weaker; lose strength, become incapacitated, debilitated<br> <br> <font size=+1>eenoo kadir varavara eLeccu pooykiTTee irukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>For some reason, Kadir is weakening more and more everyday.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wealthy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sezi)</font> 6b intr <br> be plentiful, abundant or rich<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaTu sezippaa irundaadaan viiTu sezippaa irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>When the nation is wealthy, the homes will be wealthy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wean</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> withhold mother's milk from and substitute other nourishment<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Babies need to be weaned from mother's milk at some point</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wean (off)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruppu)</font> 3 intr <br> cause to gradually give up an interest or habit<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to wean ourselves off our dependence on foreign oil</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wear</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put on clothes that are flat and must be tied, such as a saree, a dhoti, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>en appaa en veeTTiye kaTTiviTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father showed me how to wear [i.e. tie] the dhoti properly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTikkoo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> put (a sari or a dhoti) upon o.s.<br> !<br> <font size=+1>poTave kaTTikiTTaa nii innum azahaa teriyare!</font><br> <font size=+1>You are looking very beautiful when you wear a saree!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(iru)</font> 7 intr <br> bear, carry or maintain in a particular manner<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I used to wear my hair shorter, but now I like it long</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> put on or have on;<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyile aTikkradunaale toppiye pooTTukiTTu vaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Wear a cap when you come, because it's hot.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(maaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> have or carry habitually on o's person<br> <br> <font size=+1>saraLaa kaadule pudu tooTe maaTTikiTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Sarala wore the new earrings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(teenju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> damage, diminish, erode or use up by long or hard use, as constant exposure or rubbing; wear out<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandu naTandu seruppu teenju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The slipper has gotten worn out from continuous use</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(naTamaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> affect or display; show<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan mohattule eppoodum punsirippu naTamaaTum</font><br> <font size=+1>He always wears a smile on his face</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wear (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(teyyi)</font> 6b tr <br> rub off; wear away, be abraded; be worn to shreds, a frazzle; fall apart from wear<br> <br> <font size=+1>ennooTa seruppu naTandu naTandu romba teenji poocci</font><br> <font size=+1>my chappels wore out very fast from heavy use</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wear away?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kare)</font> 2b intr <br> become frayed or worn; be damaged<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The fabric of the tire wore away and the car went out of control</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wear down?</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> break down the resistance of by relentless pressure; fray, frazzle, wear out, grind down<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He just wears me down with his constant nagging</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wear off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> ?? <br> diminish gradually and vanish<br> ??`<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The novelty of the situation gradually wore off, and people lost interest</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wear out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> use up, consume; make or become unusable through heavy use<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>After a week, they had worn out their welcome, and we had to ask them to leave</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weary</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be tired or fatigued; tire easily<br> <br> <font size=+1>vayasaanadunaale en maama siikkramee taLandu pooraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Since my uncle has gotten old, he gets weary very quickly</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(aluttuppoo)</font> 3b intr <br> be exhausted of tolerance or patience<br> <br> <font size=+1>paTiccu paTiccu enakku aluttuppooyiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>I am weary of studying.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weather</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taangu)</font> 3 tr <br> resist or withstand the effects of storms or adverse conditions; get through<br> <font size=+1>The house weathered the storm, and we were safe</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weave</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eze)</font> 6b tr <br> plait, braid; twist together<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava eleye azagaa ezeccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She weaved the leaves together beautifully</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neyyi)</font> 2b tr <br> make cloth by interlacing threads on a loom<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNi neyyaradudaan enga parambare tozil</font><br> <font size=+1>Weaving cloth is my family business</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(nesavu veele paNNu)</font> 3 intr <br> create a piece of cloth by interlacing strands of fabric, such as wool or cotton<br> <br> <font size=+1>nesavu veele paNNaradule enakku nalla varumaanam varudu</font><br> <font size=+1>I am getting a good income by weaving.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(pinnu)</font> 3 tr <br> interweave or combine elements into a whole<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>inda azahaana paiye yaar pinninaanga?</font><br> <font size=+1>Who wove this beautiful bag?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> move or progress by winding in and out or shuttling from side to side<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When the traffic is heavy, the police have to weave in and out through traffic to get to the scene of the crime</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weave (together)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNecciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> interject or work in an element of s.t.; combine, bring together<br> <br> <font size=+1>priyaa tannooTa veeleyle veehattooTa viveehatteyum eNeccuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Priya wove speed and charm together in her work</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wedge</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ahappaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> become lodged or stuck like a wedge; get caught<br> <br> <font size=+1>en kaiveral kadavooTa oorattule ahappaTTuTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My finger got wedged in the corner of the door.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weed</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaLe piTungu)</font> 3 intr <br> remove weeds from<br> <br> <font size=+1>paattiylerundu kaLe piTunga vacceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I put him to weeding that plot of land</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weed out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTuttu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> remove or get rid of as unsuitable or unwanted; sort out and dispose of<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeNTaada saTTengaLe eTuttu vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Weed out the shirts you don't want</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weep</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNiir sindu)</font> 3 tr <br> express emotion by shedding tears<br> <br> <font size=+1>veelu enda neerattileyum kaNNiir sindinadu keTayaadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Velu has never wept for anything.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azu)</font> 1 intr <br> cry; moan; bewail; shed tears; mourn, grieve, or lament for; shed tears as a sign of emotion<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaandi eranda seydi keeTTu jananga ellaarum azudaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When people heard of Gandhi's death they all wept.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kulungu)</font> 3 intr <br> be shattered, be shaking with grief, be tearful<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanukku naTanduLLa varuttatte taangamuTiyaama romba kulungi azuraan, paavam</font><br> <font size=+1>It's just awful to hear him weeping uncontrollably, unable to bear the sorrowful things that happened to him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weigh</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(niru)</font> ?? <br> ??ascertain the weight of<br> <br> <font size=+1>ide niruttu evvaLavuNNu sollunga</font><br> <font size=+1>how much do you think this weighs?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(eTe koo @sh intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> have or be of a specific weight<br> <br> <font size=+1>idu pattu kiloo eTe koNTadu</font><br> <font size=+1>It weighs ten kilos</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kana)</font> 7 tr <br> be heavy<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda peTTi kanakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>This suitcase weighs a lot.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(eTe pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> balance in o's mind, evaluate<br> <br> <font size=+1>arasiyalle poonaa tanakku enna laabam nashTamNu avan manasule eTe pooTTuTTirukkaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is weighing the pros and cons of jumping into politics.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weigh (against/upon)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(mukkiyamaa iru?)</font> ?? <br> have significance or importance, count<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The judgement of the court weighed heavily against them, and they never recovered from it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weigh heavily on s.o.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mandamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make s.o. feel heavy or dull esp. after eating too much oily food<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda hooTTalle saappiTTa saappaaTu enne koncam mandamaakkiTTu</font><br> <font size=+1>The food I ate in this hotel weighed heavy in my stomach</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weigh on</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(ganamaa iru?)</font> ?? <br> be a burden on, oppress<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??en manasule romba ganamaa irundadu; adanaale tuungamuTiyalle</font><br> <font size=+1>The matter weighed heavily on my mind, and I couldn't sleep</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weight down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??`)</font> ?? <br> load down, burden<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was weighted down by grief and sadness</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weighted, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> be prejudiced toward; be slanted toward add heaviness or weight to; burden<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>It was clear that they had weighted the exam in favor of people who spoke English well</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>welcome</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(varaveeru)</font> 3 tr <br> accept or receive gladly; embrace with open arms<br> <br> <font size=+1>pradamare varaveekka modalamaiccar aerpoorT pooyirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister has gone to the airport to welcome the Prime Minister.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(obasari)</font> 6 tr <br> greet, receive or entertain hospitably or cordially<br> <br> <font size=+1>vandavangaLe manam torandu obasarikkaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>One must welcome one's guests sincerely</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(varaveettu koo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> receive or accept gladly or with equanimity<br> <br> <font size=+1>mohatte suLikkaama ellaatteyum varaveettukkiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He welcomed everything that came his way without complaint</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>weld</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eseccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> bring into close association, unite; bring together, meld, forge<br> <br> <font size=+1>??talaivan eru aTanga maanilangaLe veTriharamaaha eseccu vaccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>the leader succeeded in welding a set of unruly states into one country</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pattavayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> join metals by applying heat; fuse together by welding<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanga oTenju kaTTule pattavekka eTuttu poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>we took the broken bed frame to be welded</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>well (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tadumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> rise to the surface, ready to flow, as tears<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kaNNule niir tadumbiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Tears welled up in his eyes</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pongi ezu)</font> 2 intr <br> rise or surge, as anger or joy, from an inner source, pour forth<br> <br> <font size=+1>sivakumaar koobattule pongi ezundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>SIvakumar welled up in anger.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to become wet or moist; soak; drench<br> <br> <font size=+1>panje iiramaakki aTipaTTa eTattule taTavu</font><br> <font size=+1>Wet the cotton and apply it on the wound.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wet s.t.</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(iiramaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> wet s.t. with water, liquid; dip or dangle in water<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeshTiye iiramaakkaama aruviye taaNTi pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I crossed the river without getting my dhoti wet</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wet, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nane)</font> 2b intr <br> become moist as the result of rain or other precipitation<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan mazeyle nallaa nanenjiTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I got very wet in the rain.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whack</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paLaarNu are)</font> 2b intr <br> strike with a sharp, resounding blow; give s.o. a whack; wallop<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava veelekkaarane paLaarNu arenjuTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She whacked the servant.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wheedle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eNanga vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile, cajole; palaver, blarney, coax, sweet-talk, inveigle<br> <br> <font size=+1>aase vaartte solli rahuve paNam kuTukka eNanga vecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wheedled some money out of Ragu</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wheel</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(uruTTi poo @(Nb intr)@)</font> 1 intr <br> push a bicycle from the side; go along rolling a wheel, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paiyan saikkiLe uruTTiTTu pooraan</font><br> <font size=+1>The boy is wheeling his bicycle.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(uruTTikkiTTu poo)</font> 3b tr <br> roll, move or transport on a wheel or wheels<br> <br> <font size=+1>payyan vaNTiye uruTTikkiTTee poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The boy wheeled the cart along.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wheeze</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(erenju muuccu viTu)</font> 4 tr <br> breathe with difficulty, producing a hoarse whistling or hissing sound<br> <br> <font size=+1>ooTi vandadaale ramaa erenju muuccu viTTaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Since Ramaa had been running, she was wheezing.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whelp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTTi pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> give birth to, as of animals<br> <br> <font size=+1>enga viiTTu naay eTTu kuTTi pooTTrukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Our dog has whelped eight puppies.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whet</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuraakku)</font> 3 tr <br> sharpen by rubbing, as on a whetstone ; make sharper or acute<br> <br> <font size=+1>ubayoohippadukku munnaale kattiye kuuraakkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I whetted the knife before using it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>while (away)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neeram pookku)</font> 3 intr <br> spend time idly or pleasantly; spend or pass, as with boredom or in a pleasant manner; of time<br> <br> <font size=+1>siiTTu veLeyaaTi avanga neeram pookkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They whiled away the time playing cards.</font><br> 1) (pozudu pookku) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whimper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(visumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> cry or sob with soft intermittent sounds<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozande visumbi visumbi azurade keeTTeen</font><br> <font size=+1>I could hear the kid whimpering and whining</font><br> 1) (monahu) 3 intr<br> 2) (vimmiyazu) 1 intr<br> 3) (siNungu) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whine</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siNungu)</font> 6b intr <br> declare or complain loudly, stridently; protest, grumble, bleat, carp, cavil, grouse, make a fuss; object to, speak out against, oppose, criticize, moan and groan, whinge<br> <br> <font size=+1>oNNumee sariyilleNNu anda cinna payyan siNungikiTTe irundaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The little child was whining about how nothing was right.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muukkaale azu)</font> 1 intr <br> utter a long high-pitched sound, as in pain, fear, supplication, or complaint<br> <br> <font size=+1>saappaaTu rusiyaa illeNNu baalu muukkaale azudaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Balu was whinging and whining that the food was not very tasty</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(polambu)</font> 3 intr <br> protest or complain in a childish, annoying fashion<br> <br> <font size=+1>kamalaa tannooTa kashTatteyellaam solli polambinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>Kamala whined about all her problems.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(riingaaram seyyi @nb intr@)</font> 1 intr <br> produce a sustained noise at relatively high pitch; buzz<br> <br> <font size=+1>tozircaalelerundu vanda sattam en kaadule riingaaram senjudu</font><br> <font size=+1>The noise from the factory whined in my ears.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(norukku)</font> 3 tr <br> beat or thrash soundly<br> , ( )<br> <font size=+1>avan kuTicciTTu vandaa kaiyile keTekkrade eTuttukkiTTu avaLe norukkuvaan (norukkiTuvaan)</font><br> <font size=+1>If he comes back drunk, he'll pick up anything within reach and whip her.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(savukkaale aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> strike or punish with repeated lashing; flog<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>avan een maaTTe savukkaale aTikkaraan?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is he whipping the cow?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whip up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuuNTiTu)</font> 4 tr <br> rouse, as resentment, anger, etc.; instigate, as a crime, etc.; stir up, roil up, as trouble, etc.<br> , <br> <font size=+1>vaanga, naama namma maaNavangaLe kiLercci paNNa tuuNTiTalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Come on, let's get our students whipped up and get them agitating!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kiNTi vuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> arouse, excite, stir up, turn on, charge, stimulate<br> <br> <font size=+1>??hiTlar eppavum kuuTTatte kiNTi viTTaar poola irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>Hitler always seemed to be able to whip up crowds of people [into a frenzy]</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whirl</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sozaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> turn quickly around; rotate or spin rapidly<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan koobattule taTTe sozaTTi viisineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I whirled and threw the plate in anger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(sozaLu)</font> 1 intr <br> rotate or spin rapidly<br> <br> <font size=+1>buumi eppavum sozaNTukiTTee irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The earth is always whirling around.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whisper</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kusukusu)</font> 6 intr <br> speak softly, without full voice; speak under o's breath<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna koralle kusukusuttukkiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They were whispering.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaadule peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> speak quietly or privately, as when imparting gossip, slander, or intrigue; speak softly without vibration of the vocal cords<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>ava un kaadule enna peesinaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>What did she whisper in your ear?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whistle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(siiTTiyaTi)</font> 6b intr <br> make high-pitched noises; make a whining, ringing, or whistling sound<br> <br> <font size=+1>rauTinga bassule eppoodum poNNungaLe siiTTiyaTippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Rowdy boys are always whistling at women in buses.</font><br> 1) (siizheyaTi) 6b tr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whiten</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLu)</font> 6 tr <br> make white; bleach, cleanse<br> <br> <font size=+1>ivvaLavu azukkaana saTTeyeyum ennaale veLukkamuTiyum</font><br> <font size=+1>I can take that dirty shirt and whiten it again</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whitewash</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLeyaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make white; cover s.t. up; spin<br> <br> <font size=+1>karuppu kudireye veLLeyaakka eerpaaTu naTakkudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Efforts are being made to make the black horse white</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suNNaambu aTi)</font> 6b tr <br> apply whitewash, paint, or stain to a wall<br> <br> <font size=+1>pongalukku munnaale viiTTukku suNNaambu aTippaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>People whitewash their houses before Pongal.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veLLeyaTi)</font> 6b tr <br> paint or coat with or as if with whitewash<br> <br> <font size=+1>nereye varusham aanadunaale viiTTe veLLeyaTicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>Since it's been a long time, I whitewashed the house.</font><br> 1) (suNNambu aTi) 6b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(puusi mazuppu)</font> 3 tr <br> conceal or gloss over; cover up a misdemeanor, fault, or error; exonerate by means of a perfunctory investigation or through biased presentation of data; sleek over, hush up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>There had been some sort of scandal, but the White House tried to whitewash the whole thing</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>whittle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sedukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cut small bits or pare shavings from; fashion or shape in this way<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaLimaNNaale vinaayahar uruvatte sedukkineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I whittled the image of Lord Vinayaka using clay.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> shave off, eliminate or reduce gradually by or as if by trimming with a knife; reduce, cut back (financially, etc.)<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>There used to be a budget for this, but it has gotten whittled down to almost nothing by cuts</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wick (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(urinjeTu)</font> 6 tr <br> soak or draw up s.t. in the manner of a wick; absorb, suck up<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The fluid is put in this storage tank, and then the system wicks it up to be burned</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wide, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paTaru)</font> 2 intr <br> be spread out or broad; widen; be widely separated, be extensive<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda uurle vayalellaam romba paTandu irukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The fields in this town are so wide</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>widen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ahalam aakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make broader or wider<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeleyaaLarunga teruve ahalam aakkinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The laborers widened the street.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ahalam aahu)</font> 3 intr <br> become broader, more extensive; expand<br> <br> <font size=+1>mazekaalattukku appuram nadi ahalamaaccu</font><br> <font size=+1>After the rains, the river widened</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(parappu)</font> 3 tr <br> make or become wide or wider; spread out, extend out, open out, fan out<br> <br> <font size=+1>tuNiye parappi veccaa siikkram kaayum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you spread the clothes, they will dry faster.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(viri)</font> 6b tr <br> open (the eyes); gawk; stare at unblinkingly<br> <br> <font size=+1>puune kaNNe viriccu enne paattuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cat widened its eyes and stared at me</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(visaalamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make wider, as a road<br> <br> <font size=+1>rooTe ellaam visaalamaakka arasu tiTTamiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The government has planned to widen the roads.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>widespread, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravi iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be distributed widely; be found in many places; be common, current<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This condition is widespread in that part of the world</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wield</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(??eyattu)</font> 3 tr <br> hold and use, as weapon or tool; have and be able to use, as power or influence; brandish, flourish, wave, swing, shake, put to use, employ, handle, ply, manipulate<br> ?? , <br> <font size=+1>??kattiye eyatti, enkiTTe vandu taakkinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Wielding a knife, he came at me in a rush</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wiggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neLi)</font> 2b intr <br> move or cause to move with short irregular twisting motions from side to side; pass through a small space by wiggling; jiggle, wriggle, twitch, shimmy, joggle, wag, wobble, shake, twist, squirm, writh<br> j <br> <font size=+1>paambu neLinju jannal vaziyaa veLLe pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The snake wiggled out through the window.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>will</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiirmaani)</font> 6b tr <br> resolve with a forceful will, determine<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppaTiyum veLinaaTu pooyiTaNumNu maadavan tiirmaanicciTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Madhavan has willed that somehow or other he will go abroad.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi vayyi)</font> 6b intr <br> bequeath; leave (property) to a person or other beneficiary by a will; hand down or pass on; make over, entrust, grant, transfer; donate, give; endow with, bestow on, confer on; (legal) devise, conv<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar tan sotteyellaam kooyilukku ezudiveccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>He willed his property to the temple</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wilt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLandu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> become less active or energetic, weaken, fade, droop<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan veyyille veLeyaaTi taLandu poonaan poolirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>He seems to have wilted from playing in the sun</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> become limp or flaccid; droop, fade, slump<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda puu oru vaaram vare vaaTaama irukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This flower will last up to a week without wilting</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>win</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vettiyaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> achieve victory over others<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalppandu pooTTiile veTriyaTenjaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They won the football championship</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(vetti koo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> achieve success in an effort or venture; be victorious; attain, earn, gain, receive, obtain, acquire, procure, get, secure, collect, come away with, bring home victory<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pandiyattule naama veTrikkaNum.</font><br> <font size=+1>We must win the race.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(aTe)</font> 2b intr <br> achieve by effort, earn; acquire or secure as a result of a fight, contest, bet, litigation, or some other effort<br> <br> <font size=+1>sodandram aTenja poodu ellaarum koNTaaTinaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When (they) won independence, everyone celebrated.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>win over</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(izu)</font> 7 tr <br> draw to o.s., entice; draw as water from well; pull, drag; attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage; tempt, lure, attract, appeal to; invite, persuade, convince, beguile, coax, woo; seduce,<br> <br> <font size=+1>kandappane vaikoo tannooTa pakkam izuttukiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Vaiko was able to win Kantappan over to his side in politics</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(izuttu koo @(sh tr)@)</font> 1 tr <br> persuade s.o. by coaxing, wheedling, etc.; (inf.) flip<br> , <br> <font size=+1>avan mudalle tayanginaan, aanaa tiiraama varpurutti naanga avane enga pakkam izuttukkiTToom</font><br> <font size=+1>At first he was reluctant, but then with constant pressure we won him over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wince</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> start or shrink involuntarily, as in pain or distress, flinch, grimace, pull a face, blench, start<br> <br> <font size=+1>muL kuttinavoTane avan tuTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He winced when the thorn pierced (his leg).</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wind</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu)</font> 3 tr <br> go or turn s.t. in a circular, spiral, curved, or crooked course; wrap or turn s.t. around an object or center once or repeatedly;<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda gaTiyaaratte suttaaTTaalum ooTum</font><br> <font size=+1>This watch will run even if you don't wind it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wink</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(simiTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> close and open the eyelid of one eye deliberately, as to convey a message, signal, or suggestion; give s.o. a wink; move the eyelids quickly; blink; wink at with significance; twinkle, as stars; flut<br> j <br> <font size=+1>avan taan sollradu nejamille appaTiNNu kaNNe simiTTi avakkiTTe jaaTe kaamiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>By winking at her, he indicated to her that what he was saying was not true</font><br> 1) (kaN simiTTu) 3 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wink at</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paakkaada maadiri iru)</font> 7 intr <br> pretend not to see, ignore; pretend not to notice s.t. bad or illegal; turn a blind eye (to s.t.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>adihaaringa uuzale paakkaada maadiri irukkaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The authorities just wink at corruption</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>winnow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poTe)</font> 6b tr <br> blow air through (grain) in order to remove the chaff; sift grain by tossing in a winnowing fan<br> <br> <font size=+1>arisiye morattaale poTecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I winnowed the rice with a winnowing fan</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(poTe)</font> 6b tr <br> separate the chaff from grain by means of air or wind<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>arisiye eppaTi poTekkraNum?</font><br> <font size=+1>How do we go about winnowing the rice?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wipe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(toTe)</font> 6b tr <br> subject s.t. to light rubbing or friction; rub, swab; mop up<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaappi koTTina eTatte tuNiyaale toTecceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wiped the place where the coffee had spilled.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wipe (up)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazi)</font> 6b tr <br> clean up, absorb, mop up<br> <br> <font size=+1>sindiya paalle ava vaziccu eTuttaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She wiped up the spilt milk.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wipe out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(naasappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> lay waste; destroy, devastate<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTalkoL kuTiseyellaam naasappaTutticcu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tsunami just wiped out all the huts</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kolecciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> undo; damage; blot out; efface; demolish, knock down, pull down, tear down, level, raze, fell, dismantle, wreck, smash, shatter, crash, blow up, blow to bits, explode, annihilate, destroy<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava mananimmadiye yaaroo kolecciTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Somebody completely wiped out her peace of mind</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(azi)</font> 6b tr <br> annihilate, destroy, defeat decisively; eradicate, exterminate; kill, put to death, take/end the life of, dispatch; slaughter, butcher, massacre, eliminate, annihilate; murder, assassinate, execut<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda marundaale ellaa puucciyeyum azicceen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wiped out all the insects using this repellant.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wiped out, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(azinjupoo)</font> 3b intr <br> vanish away; become extinct; be effaced<br> <br> <font size=+1>anda uurle irunda jananga pooliyoo nooyaale azinjupoonaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The people in that town were wiped out by polio</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wire</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tandi anuppu)</font> 3 intr <br> send by telegraph; send a wire or telegram<br> <br> <font size=+1>uurukku pooyseendavoTane enakku tandi anuppu</font><br> <font size=+1>Wire me as soon as you reach home.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wise up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> make or become aware or sophisticated; make or acquire experience, knowledge, or good judgement<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>You'd better wise up, because if you don't, you'll lose out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wish</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaa(z)ttu)</font> 3 tr <br> greet; send greetings or good wishes; give or send congratulations; felicitate<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan porandanaaL aNNekki avane naanga vaazttinoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We wished him a happy birthday.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTu)</font> feel or express a strong desire or hope for s.t. that is not easily attainable; want s.t. that cannot or probably will not happen; have or express a desire or aspiration for s.t.; desire, want, hope f<br> <br> <font size=+1>oNakku enna veeNumoo enkiTTe keeLu</font><br> <font size=+1>Ask me whatever you wish to.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(virumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> want; desire, hope for, covet, dream of, long for, yearn for, crave, hunger for, lust after; aspire to, set o's heart on, seek, fancy, hanker after; (inf.) have a yen for, itch for<br> <br> <font size=+1>muraLi periyavanaahi vinjnjaani aaha virumburaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Murali wishes to become a scientist when he grows up.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(aaseppaTu)</font> 4 tr <br> long for; have or express a desire or aspiration for<br> <br> <font size=+1>ava aaseppaTTadu ellaam avaLukku keTeccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>She got all that she wished for.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>withdraw</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take or pull out (as a book from a bag, a sword from its sheath); take out, deduct (money from a bank account or some such source)<br> <br> <font size=+1>beenklerundu paNam eTukkappooreen</font><br> <font size=+1>I am going to withdraw money from the bank</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saTakkuNNu uruvu)</font> 3 tr <br> take s.t. from a holster or sheath, such as a hand gun, knife etc.; take out, pull out<br> <br> <font size=+1>sattam vittiyaasamaa keeTTavoTane kaavalaaLi tuppaakkiye iTuppuleerundu saTakkuNNu uruvunaan</font><br> <font size=+1>As soon as the watchman heard an unusual sound, he withdrew his gun from his belt</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(velahu)</font> 3 intr <br> move or draw back from, retire; drop out; pull or take aside or back<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar pooTTilerundu velahiiTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He withdrew from the competition</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(odungu)</font> 3 intr <br> remove o.s. from (an) activity or a social or emotional involvement; drop out<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan taanaavee pooTTilerundu odungikiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He voluntarily withdrew from the competition.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaappasaahu)</font> 3 tr <br> move back from occupied territory; retreat<br> <br> <font size=+1>The state decided to ask the aggressors to withdraw from its territory</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(kaiviTu)</font> 4 tr <br> recall, retract; drop, cancel<br> <br> <font size=+1>tozilaaLinga mariyale kaiviTTu paNikki tirumbuvaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The workers will withdraw the strike and return to work.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(tirumba peru)</font> 4 tr <br> take back; renege on; cancel<br> <br> <font size=+1>The authorities might withdraw their permission</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(eTu)</font> 6 tr <br> take out, esp. funds from a bank<br> <br> <font size=+1>raaman vangilerundu paNatte eTukka poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Raman withdrew money from his bank account.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wither</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vembu)</font> 3 intr <br> fade by heat; dry up and fade<br> <br> <font size=+1>suuTTule naan vembi pooneen</font><br> <font size=+1>I just withered in the heat.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(varaNTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> dry up, be parched<br> <br> <font size=+1>daahattule en naakku varaNTu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>My tongue was just withered from thirst.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(suumbu)</font> become dry and shrivelled; droop, dry out, dry up; wilt, go limp, fade, perish<br> <br> <font size=+1>veyyille olandu kaaykariyellaam suumbippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The vegetables withered in the heat.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(vadangu)</font> 3b intr <br> dry up; droop, dry out, wilt, go limp, fade, perish<br> <br> <font size=+1>ellaa puuvum vaaTippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>All the flowers have withered.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(paTTu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> die from lack of moisture<br> <br> <font size=+1>ceTi taNNi illaama paTTu poohum</font><br> <font size=+1>the plant will wither if it doesn't get water</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>withhold</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTuppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> keep in check, restrain, resist<br> <br> <font size=+1>un koobatte nii kaTTuppaTuttaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>You must withhold your anger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTukkaama veccukkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> refrain from giving, granting, or allowing<br> <br> <font size=+1>laTTuve ellaam avan yaarukkum kuTukkaama veccukiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He withheld laddus from everybody</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(piTiccu vayyi)</font> 6b tr <br> deduct from an employee's salary for tax purposes, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaTan vaangina paNatte modalaaLi en sambaLattulerundu piTiccu veccaar</font><br> <font size=+1>My boss withheld the money I borrowed from my salary.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>withstand</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ediru)</font> ?? <br> resist or endure successfully; stand up under difficult circumstances<br> <br> <font size=+1>??inda pudu poruL aNu veTippeyum edirkkaNum </font><br> <font size=+1>This new substance is supposed to withstand a nuclear explosion. </font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>witness</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(saaTci sollu)</font> 3c intr <br> testify; bear witness against; give evidence as a witness in a law court; state under oath in a court of law; swear<br> <br> <font size=+1>kolekaaranukku ediraa saaTci solla ellaarum bayappaTaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everyone is afraid of witnessing against the murderer.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kaNNaale paaru)</font> 6 tr <br> be present at or have personal knowledge of s.t.; see s.t. with o's own eyes<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nii vibatte kaNNaale paattiyaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Did you witness the accident?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wobble</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> stand or walk unsteadily, stagger<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalu taTumaariccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His legs wobbled</font><br> 1) (tuTu) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(taTumaaru)</font> 3 intr <br> tremble or quiver as the voice; shake<br> <br> <font size=+1>bayattule avan koral taTumaariccu</font><br> <font size=+1>His voice trembled and wobbled in fear.</font><br> 1) (tuTu) 6b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(taLLaaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> move erratically from side to side; move without stability<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan kuTibuudeyle taLLaaTaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He is intoxicated and wobbling all over</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wolf (down)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tinnu)</font> | <br> (of animals) take, as food; (of humans) eat, or feed like an animal; consume; gobble, slurp, scarf up<br> <br> <font size=+1>pasile irundadaale avan naan pooTTadeyellaam oNNuviTaama tinnaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Since he was hungry, he wolfed down everything I gave him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wolf down</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vizungu)</font> 3 tr <br> eat voraciously; gulp down, gobble<br> , j ?<br> <font size=+1>oru muzungule vizungi saappiTTaa eppaTi jiiraNikka muTiyum?</font><br> <font size=+1>If you wolf down your food like that, you won't be able to digest it properly</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>woo</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeNTikkeeLu)</font> 5b tr <br> attempt to attract; court; entreat, solicit or importune; pursue, chase after<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>Every university tries to woo Nobel Prize winners</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>woozy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mayakkamaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be sleepy, groggy, not fully awake<br> <font size=+1>I just got up so I'm still a little woozy</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>work</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veeleseyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> attend, as a servant, maid, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan anda paLLikkuuTattule veelekkaaranaa veele seyyaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He works as a servant in that school</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veele seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> perform a function or act, operate; do s.t. as designed; go, run<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaNTi veele seyya aarambiccadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The vehicle started (up and began) to work</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(veele seyyi)</font> 2c intr <br> be employed; perform a job<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar anda aafiisle meelaaLaraa veele seyyraaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He is working as a supervisor in that office.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>work (s.t.) out</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(sariyaahu)</font> 3c intr <br> be set right; become right; get straightened out; be worked out; be realigned or corrected<br> <br> <font size=+1>kaalappookkule ellaam sariyaayiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>With time, everything will work itself out</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>work together</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) d </B> <font size=+1>(seendu veeleppaaru)</font> 6 tr <br> work, be together for some cause or effort; cooperate; join forces; make a concerted effort<br> <br> <font size=+1>naanum baaluvum oree eTattule seendu veeleppaakkuroom</font><br> <font size=+1>Balu and I work together at the same place</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>worm</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> make o's way with the sinuous crawling motion of a worm; wiggle, squirm; thread o's way<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan kuuTTattule nazuvippoonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief wormed his way through the crowd.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>worm (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaayekkeLaru)</font> 3 tr <br> elicit by artful or devious means; pry s.t. out of s.o.<br> <br> <font size=+1>nalla vaartte peesi ava avan vaayekkeLarinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She wormed the secret out of him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>worn out, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(taLarndu poo)</font> 3b intr <br> be tired, exhausted, finished off<br> <br> <font size=+1>naTandu naTandu taLandu poonoom</font><br> <font size=+1>We were worn out after so much walking</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>worn, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(mazungippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> become dull, blunt (as instrument, senses, etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>kallunga alengaLaale mazungi pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The stones were worn down by the waves</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>worried, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kalavaramaTe)</font> 2b intr <br> grow terrified, be frightened, be alarmed; be uneasy<br> <br> <font size=+1>appaavooTa oTalnelame moocamaayiTTu varradaale viiTTule ellaarum kalavaramaTanju irukkaraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Everybody at home is very worried about the worsening health condition of my father</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaleppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be aggrieved; feel l troubled over actual or potential difficulties; give way to anxiety or unease; allow o's mind to dwell on difficulty or troubles; fret, be concerned, be anxious, agonize, brood,<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeNTaada vishayattukkellaam kavaleppaTaade</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't be worried about trivial things.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>worry</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaleppaTu)</font> 4 intr <br> be anxious; be concerned; fret, agonize, brood, panic, lose sleep, get worked up; (inf.) get stressed, get in a flap, get in a state, stew, torment o.s. <br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna vishayangaLukku kuuTa en taattaa kavalepaTTukkiTTee iruppaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My grandfather keeps worrying even about trivial things</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tolleppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> annoy, vex, bother, cause concern<br> <br> <font size=+1>vaaddiyaare pasanga romba tolleppaTutturaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The students are worrying the teacher a lot.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kavaleppaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to feel anxious, distressed or troubled; trouble or distress s.o.<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>vayasaana kaalattule een un appaa ammaave kavaleppaTuttaree?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why are you worrying your aged parents?</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>worsen</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(moosamaahu)</font> 3 intr <br> deteriorate, as o's condition; get worse, go downhill<br> <br> <font size=+1>naaLukku naaL avan neleme moosamaayiTTrukku</font><br> <font size=+1>His condition is worsening every day.</font><br> 1) (balaviinamaakku) 3 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>worship</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vazippaTu @sh tr@)</font> 3 tr <br> praise, cherish, applaud; treat as divine; pay homage or reverence to a deity<br> <br> <font size=+1>saivarunga sivaperumaane vazippaTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The Saivites worship Lord Siva</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kumbuTu @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> adore, pay homage to<br> <br> <font size=+1>naan tenamum kaalayleyum maalaileyum kaTavuLe kumbuTareen</font><br> <font size=+1>I worship the Lord Almighty daily, mornings as well as evenings</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kumbuTu @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> pray, pay homage to<br> <br> <font size=+1>islaam makkaL tenamum aaru taTave kaTavuLe kumbuTuraanga</font><br> <font size=+1>Adherents of Islam worship God six times a day</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(darisi)</font> 6b tr <br> participate in religious rites<br> <br> <font size=+1>??revane tarisiccuTTu varalaam</font><br> <font size=+1>We shall go and worship the deity</font><br> 1)( ) ((saami) tarisanam seyyi) 2b intr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(vaNangu)</font> 3 tr <br> perform an act of worship; propitiate<br> <br> <font size=+1>saamiye vaNangiTTu vaNTiyle eeru</font><br> <font size=+1>After worshipping God, get back into the car</font><br> 1) (kumbiTu) 4 tr<br> 2) (tozu) 1 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>worthless, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(arpamaahu)</font> 3b intr <br> grow despicable or contemptible; be without value, be meaningless<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNakkaaran aanadukkappuram pattu ruubaallaam avanukku arpamayiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Once he became rich, 10 rupees became worthless to him</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>worthy, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tahudiyaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> be deserving of; be qualified for; cf. also be virtuous, righteous, good, moral, ethical, upright, upstanding, high-minded, principled, exemplary; law-abiding, irreproachable, blameless, guiltless, un<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii tahudiyaa irundaa unakkee inda veele keTekkum</font><br> <font size=+1>You will get the job if you are worthy of it</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wound</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> injure; cause a wound or cut<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorle ediringa namma mannare kaayappaTuttiTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>The enemies wounded our king in the war</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(puNpaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> hurt, as o's feelings; insult<br> <br> <font size=+1>gaNeesan aarttiyooTa manase puNpaTuttinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ganesan wounded Aarti's feelings.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrangle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(katti saNTe pooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> argue or quarrel noisily<br> , <br> <font size=+1>naan ullee poonappa avanga katti saNTe pooTTukkiTTirundaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>When I went in, they were wrangling (about s.t.)</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(saNTepiTi)</font> 6b intr <br> struggle, argue; pick a quarrel, nit-pick<br> <br> <font size=+1>eppa paattaalum avan yaarkiTTeyaavadu saNTepiTikkaraan</font><br> <font size=+1>He's always wrangling with somebody.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(poottikkoo @sh tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> cover o.s., surround o.s. with a covering or wrap<br> <br> <font size=+1>kambaLatte eTuttu poottikkiTTu, veLiyee poonaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Wrapping himself in a blanket, he went out</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(suttu)</font> 3 tr <br> clasp, fold, or coil about s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambu kaTicce eTatte tuNiyaale suttineen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wrapped the place where the snake bit with a cloth.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> arrange or fold about in order to cover or protect s.t.<br> <br> <font size=+1>avar veeTTiye kaTTikiTTu porappaTTu poonaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>He wrapped the dhoti around his waist and started out.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrap up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surukki sollu)</font> 3c tr <br> summarize, bring to a close; finish off; come to the/a point<br> <br> <font size=+1>enkiTTe nereye neeramillengradunaale sollavandade surukki sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>I don't have much time, so wrap up what you have to say.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(muTiccuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> work out and complete the details of; finish off<br> <br> <font size=+1>veeleye muTiccavoTane paTam paakka poolaam</font><br> <font size=+1>Once I wrap up my work, we can go for a movie.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wreak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pazivaangu)</font> 3 tr <br> inflict, as punishment or vengence upon another<br> <br> <font size=+1>manooharan tanne eemaattinavangaLe pazivaangaama viTamaaTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Manoharan will definitely wreak vengeance on those who duped him.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wreathe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paravu)</font> 6b tr <br> surround with, encircle with, enclose with<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan mohattule sandoosham paraviccu</font><br> <font size=+1>Her face was wreathed in smiles</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wreck</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(seedappaTuttu)</font> 3 tr <br> destroy accidentally as by collision; total<br> <br> <font size=+1>ravi vaNTiye marattule moodi seedappaTuttiTTaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Ravi crashed the car against a tree and wrecked it.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(iTiccuppooTu)</font> 4 tr <br> tear down or dismantle; destroy, remove<br> <br> <font size=+1>avanga anda sovare iTiccuppooTTaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>They wrecked the wall.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(naasamaakku)</font> 3 tr <br> bring to a state of ruin; destroy, make a mess of<br> <br> <font size=+1>poyal enga naharatteyee naasamaakkiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cyclone wrecked our city.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrench</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> twist or turn suddenly and forcibly; yank, pull<br> <br> <font size=+1>koobattule avan appa avan kaade tiruhinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>His father wrenched his ear in anger.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(terambu)</font> 3 tr <br> twist and sprain or dislocate through sudden or violent motion<br> ?? <br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>I wrenched my finger while trying to undo this package</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(izutteTu)</font> 6 tr <br> force free by pulling at, yank, pull; tug, jerk, jolt<br> <br> <font size=+1>sovarlerunda aaNiye izutteTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I wrenched the nail out of the wall.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrest</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(piTungu)</font> 3 tr <br> seize, struggle to obtain; take by force, twist and pull away from<br> <br> <font size=+1>tiruTan avakiTTerundu paiye piTungiTTu ooTinaan</font><br> <font size=+1>The thief wrested the bag from her and ran.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrestle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(malluppiTi)</font> 6b tr <br> contend by grappling and attempting to throw o's opponent to the ground<br> <br> <font size=+1>hari mallupiTikkradule romba teremesaali</font><br> <font size=+1>Hari is very skilled in wrestling.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(pooraaTu)</font> 3 intr <br> contend, struggle; strive in an effort to master; grapple with s.t. in order to find a solution (to a problem etc.)<br> <br> <font size=+1>peNhaLooTa munneettattukkaaha ava vaaznaaL muzukka pooraaTinaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She wrestled all her life in order to empower women.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wriggle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(nazuvu)</font> 3 intr <br> insinuate or extricate o.s. by sly or subtle means; wiggle<br> <br> <font size=+1>pandu raahul kaiylerundu nazuviccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The ball wriggled out of Rahul's hands.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(neLi)</font> turn or twist the body with sinuous writhing motions, squirm, wiggle, writhe<br> <br> <font size=+1>puzu eppaTi neTinju poohudu paaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Look how the worm is wriggling.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wring</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pese)</font> 2b tr <br> move e.g. the hands back and forth aimlessly, confusedly; rub the hands together in confusion<br> <br> <font size=+1>enna sollaNumNu teriyaama kayye pesenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He was wringing his hands, not knowing what to say</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tiruhu)</font> 3 tr <br> twist, as the neck<br> <br> <font size=+1>seetu avane kazutte tiruhi kolesenjaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sethu killed him by wringing his neck.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(murukku)</font> 3 tr <br> clasp and twist or squeeze as in distress or pain<br> !<br> <font size=+1>kaiye murukkaade, valikkudu!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't wring my hands, it hurts!</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wring (out)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pizi)</font> 2b tr <br> extract liquid by twisting or compressing; put through a wringer<br> <br> <font size=+1>taNNi pooravarekkum tuNiye nallaa pizi</font><br> <font size=+1>Wring the clothes out well till the water is removed.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kasakku)</font> 3 tr <br> crumple; wrinkle; cause to be twisted, bent, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>toocca tuNingaLe kasakki pizinju olattu</font><br> <font size=+1>Wring out the washed clothes and put them out to dry</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrinkle</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(maTangu)</font> 3 intr <br> contract into folds; crease, pucker, gather, furrow, line, corrugate, crinkle, crumple, rumple. <br> <br> <font size=+1>pustahatte kiize pooTTadule adooTa aTTe maTangiTuccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cover of the book got wrinkled when it fell down</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(surukku)</font> 3 tr <br> cause to pucker; crease, gather, furrow, line, corrugate, crinkle, crumple, rumple. <br> <br> <font size=+1>maTiccu vecca saTTeye surukkaama eTuttuvayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Handle the folded shirt (carefully) without wrinkling it</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(surukku)</font> 3 tr <br> draw up, pucker; furrow<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan puruvatte surukki enne paattaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He wrinkled his eyebrows and looked at me.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(kasakku)</font> 3 tr <br> make wrinkles in; make wrinkled, crumpled<br> <br> <font size=+1>peeppare kasakkaama ezudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Write on the paper without wrinkling it.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrinkled, become</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kasangiTu)</font> 4 intr <br> get scrunched, bent out of shape, as cloth, feelings, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda saTTeye anda sinna poTTiyle vaccaa kasangiTum</font><br> <font size=+1>If you put this shirt in that little box, it'll get all wrinkled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrinkled, grow</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(surungu)</font> 3 intr <br> (of skin, flesh, etc.) grow wrinkled or shrivelled<br> <br> <font size=+1>paaTTiyooTa tool surungi pooyirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>Grandmas skin has grown wrinkled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>write</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudu)</font> 3 intr <br> form letters; make orthographic marks on paper etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>kozandekki ezuda teriyumaa?</font><br> <font size=+1>Does the child know how to write?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(ezuttu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> send a letter<br> <br> <font size=+1>pooyseendadum ezuttu pooTu</font><br> <font size=+1>Write to me as soon as you reach your house</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kurippezudu)</font> 3 intr <br> record; write up; make a note or record of<br> <br> <font size=+1>mahaatma gaandiyooTa vaazkkeye patti kurippezudu</font><br> <font size=+1>Write about the life of Mahatma Gandhi.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>write off</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi taLLu)</font> 3 tr <br> consider s.o. or s.t. as a loss or failure; cancel from business accounts as a loss<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>[??] adukkappram avane ezudi taLnoom</font><br> <font size=+1>After that caper, we just wrote him off as a loser</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>write up</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(ezudi vayyi)</font> write a report or description of, as for publication<br> <br> <font size=+1>un eNNatteyellaam inda pustahattule ezudi vayyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Write up your thoughts in this book.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>writhe</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(neLinjukiTTiru)</font> 7 intr <br> squirm, wriggle, move or twist around restlessly<br> <br> <font size=+1>paambu marattule neLinjukiTTirukku</font><br> <font size=+1>The snake is writhing in the tree.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b tr <br> squirm, twist<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTipaTTadule ava vali taangaame tuTiccaa</font><br> <font size=+1>She writhed in pain when she got hurt.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(neLi)</font> 2b intr <br> move with a twisting or contorted motion; squirm, wiggle, wriggle<br> <br> <font size=+1>neLiyaama! oree eTattule okkaaru!</font><br> <font size=+1>Don't writhe and squirm (like that): just stay put!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(tuTi)</font> 6b intr <br> twist or squirm, as in pain, struggle, or embarrassment<br> <br> <font size=+1>aTipaTTavoTane sankar valiyle tuTiccaan</font><br> <font size=+1>Sankar writhed in pain when he got hurt.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrong</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiingu seyyi @nb tr@)</font> 1 tr <br> treat unjustly, injuriously or dishonorably<br> <br> <font size=+1>mattavangaLukku tiingu seyya nenekkradu kuuTa tappu</font><br> <font size=+1>It is a bad idea even to think of wronging others.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> deprive of rights or due privileges; discredit unjustly, malign;<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He seems to feel he has been wronged somehow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrong, be</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tappu)</font> 3 intr <br> be in error; be erroneous; constitute a mistake<br> <br> <font size=+1>ade ubayoohikkradule tappille</font><br> <font size=+1>It isn't wrong to make use of that.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>wrong, go</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tavari poo)</font> 3b intr <br> slip out of hand; become ineffective, wrong or useless; fail; be frustrated<br> <br> <font size=+1>veLeyaaTTu arangam kaTradukku pooTTa tiTTam eppaTiyoo tavari pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The whole plan to build a stadium went wrong somehow</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>xray</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eksree eTu)</font> 6 intr <br> photograph, examine, or treat with x-rays<br> <br> <font size=+1>TaakTar enne eksree eTukka solliyirukkaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The doctor has asked me to get an x-ray.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>yak</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(araTTeyaTi)</font> 3 intr <br> chatter pleasantly and pointlessly; jabber, prattle, babble, twitter, prate, gabble, rattle on/away, blather; (inf.) yap, yabber, natter, blab, blabber; twaddle, clack<br> <br> <font size=+1>frenTskuuTa seendaalee avan araTTeyaTikka aaramicciTuvaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He starts yakking whenever he gets together with his friends.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>yank</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(veTukkuNNu izuttuTu)</font> 4 tr <br> pull or extract suddenly; jerk down on or away; tug, wrench; snatch, seize<br> <br> <font size=+1>rayil sangiliye veTukkuNu izuttu viTTadule rayil ninnuruccu</font><br> <font size=+1>We yanked on the cord and the train halted.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>yap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(vaLLuNNu kattu)</font> 3 tr <br> bark sharply and shrilly, yelp<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>edukkeTuttaalum avan maamaa vaLLuNu kattaraare?</font><br> <font size=+1>Why is his uncle yapping for everything like that!</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(viiNpeeccu peesu)</font> 3 tr <br> talk noisily and foolishly; babble, blather<br> <br> <font size=+1>viiNpeeccu peesaama uruppaTiyaa edaavadu seyyi</font><br> <font size=+1>Do something constructive instead of just yapping all the time</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>yawn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTaavi viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> open the mouth wide; as from sleepiness, fatigue, etc.<br> <br> <font size=+1>singam koTTaavi viTrappa adukkiTTeerundu naama ooTiTaNum</font><br> <font size=+1>When the lion yawns, you want to get away from him.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(koTTaavi viTu)</font> 4 intr <br> open the mouth wide involuntarily from drowsiness, fatigue or boredom<br> <br> <font size=+1>uNmeyaavee aarvam irundaa nii paTikkumboodu koTTaavi viTamaaTTe</font><br> <font size=+1>If you are really interested in what you are studying, you won't be yawning (like that)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>yearn</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(eengu)</font> 3 intr <br> have a strong desire or longing; long for, want s.t. very badly<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan avaLe paakka eenginaan</font><br> <font size=+1>He yearned to see her.</font><br> 1) (aaseppaTu) 4 intr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>yell</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuccal pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> make a din; shout; make a clamor; speak loudly or emit loud noises<br> <br> <font size=+1>eduvaa irundaalum kuuccal pooTaama amediyaa sollu</font><br> <font size=+1>Say whatever you want to in a quiet tone without yelling</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kuuppaaTu pooTu)</font> 4 intr <br> cry out loudly, shout<br> <br> <font size=+1>kuuTTattulerundu oru nabar kuuppaaTu pooTTaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>Someone from the crowd yelled</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>yellow, be(come)</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(manjaL kuLi)</font> 6b intr <br> make or become yellow, as with age<br> <br> <font size=+1>manjaL kuLiccu pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>It yellowed (with age)</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>yelp</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kore)</font> 6b intr <br> utter a short, sharp bark or cry, usu. of pain<br> <br> <font size=+1>naay raattirimuzukka koreccidu</font><br> <font size=+1>The dog yelped all night.</font><br> 1) (kole) 6b intr<br> 2) (sattam pooTu) 2b tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(kattu)</font> 3 intr <br> cry out sharply, as in pain or surprise<br> <br> <font size=+1>nii edukkaaha kattukkiTTirukke?</font><br> <font size=+1>What are you yelping about?</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>yield</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTukkuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> give way, defer to<br> <br> <font size=+1>cinna payyangradunaale viTTukkuTutteen</font><br> <font size=+1>I yielded to him because he was just a little guy</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(veLe)</font> 2b intr <br> give forth by a natural process, esp. by cultivation<br> ?<br> <font size=+1>nella veLeyardukku ettane naaLaahum</font><br> <font size=+1>How long does it take for rice to yield a crop?</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(3) </B> <font size=+1>(kaayi)</font> 6b intr <br> produce, as fruit or other plant<br> <br> <font size=+1>maamaram inda varusham innum kaaykkale</font><br> <font size=+1>The mango trees haven't yielded any fruit this year</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(4) </B> <font size=+1>(payanaLi)</font> 6b intr <br> produce, as results; come up with; result in<br> <br> <font size=+1>seeharukku marundu kuTuttum payanaLikkale</font><br> <font size=+1>We gave medicines to Sekar but it did not yield any results.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(5) </B> <font size=+1>(kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> furnish or give in return, produce<br> <br> <font size=+1>inda pasu oru naaLekki naalu liiTTar paal kuTukkum</font><br> <font size=+1>This cow will yield 4 quarts of milk daily</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(6) </B> <font size=+1>(viTTu kuTu)</font> 6 tr <br> surrender, relinquish; give in, give up; concede<br> <br> <font size=+1>avan cinnavandaane viTTukkuTu</font><br> <font size=+1>He is younger, yield to him!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(7) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> give in, concede<br> <br> <font size=+1>en tiTTattukku en appaavum eNanginaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>My father also yielded to my plan.</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(8) </B> <font size=+1>(eNangu)</font> 3 intr <br> consent, submit, yield, comply<br> <br> <font size=+1>paNiyaaLarooTa koorikkengaLukku kaTesiyaa arasu eNangunadu paaraaTTappaTa veeNTiyadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The Government's yielding in the end to the officials' demands has to be welcomed</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>yoke</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(noham puuTTu)</font> 3 tr <br> harness one animal to another, or to a vehicle, plow etc. with a yoke; harness an animal to a yoke<br> .<br> <font size=+1>intiya kiramatile noham puTTina eerukaL ippoovum vivasaayaitile payanpaduturaanga</font><br> <font size=+1>In the Indian countryside, oxen yoked together are still used for farming.</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>zap</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> move swiftly, zoom; zip<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>When the lightning struck, it just zapped down in a second</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) </B> <font size=+1>(azicciTu)</font> 4 tr <br> destroy or kill as if with a burst of gunfire, flame or electric current<br> <font size=+1>The mosquito got zapped when it flew to close to the flame</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>zero in</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> aim at or head for intently, close in, focus in or on; concentrate on<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We've finally zeroed in on the reason the disease spreads so quickly--it's carried by birds!</font><br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> aim or concentrate firepower on an exact target location<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>We need to zero in on the targets we've identified in the Ferghana valley, and ignore the others</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>zig-zag</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(kooNalmaaNalaa iru)</font> 7 intr <br> move in an erratic manner; form a zig-zag or back-and-forth pattern<br> <br> <font size=+1>paade paLLattaakkule kooNalmaaNalaa irundadu</font><br> <font size=+1>The path zig-zagged across the valley</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>zing</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> make a brief high-pitched sound; move swiftly with or as if with a zinging sound<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>The bullet zinged past my ear, just missing me!</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <ul><B>(2) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> proceed in a lively, energetic manner<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>He was really zinging along after he heard the good news</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>zip</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(paanju poo)</font> 3b intr <br> move with a sharp hissing sound; move or act with a speed that suggests such a sound; act or proceed swiftly and energetically<br> <br> <font size=+1>sirutte maan pinnaale paanju pooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The cheetah zipped behind the deer.</font><br> 1) (sattam pooTu) 4 tr<br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>zone</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) ??</B> <font size=+1>(??)</font> ?? <br> divide into zones<br> ??<br> <font size=+1>??</font><br> <font size=+1>This part of the city is zoned for residences, not businesses</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>zoom</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(tiTiirNu ezumbu)</font> 3 intr <br> rise rapidly; move quickly<br> <br> <font size=+1>sunaami kaTal ale tiTiirNu ezumbiccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The tsunami waves suddenly zoomed across the beach</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>swerve</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(velahippoo)</font> 3b intr <br> deviate; turn away or aside<br> <br> <font size=+1>poorkappal tiTiirNu enga kappallerundu velahippooccu</font><br> <font size=+1>The battleship suddenly swerved away from our ship</font><br> </ul> <br> <font size=+2><b>exalt</b></font><br> <ul><B>(1) </B> <font size=+1>(pohazu)</font> 2 tr <br> praise highly; extol; exaggerate the qualities of<br> <br> <font size=+1>meeTele modalamaiccar seehare puhazndu peesinaaru</font><br> <font size=+1>The chief minister exalted Sekar unduly from the stage.</font><br> </ul> </body></html>