2. Throckmorton, pp. 14-16.

3. Throckmorton, p. 16.

4. Throckmorton, 16-18.

5. v. Throckmorton, p. 29 illus.

6. Throckmorton, p. 16; Victoria Jenssen, "Archaeology and Conservation," in The Sea Remembers: Shipwrecks and Archaeology from Homer's Greece to the Rediscovery of the Titanic, ed. Peter Throckmorton (New York: Smithmark Publishers, 1987), pp. 102-104.

7. Jenssen, p. 102.

8. Jenssen, pp. 102-105.

9. Throckmorton, p. 18; Derek J. de Solla Price, Gears from the Greeks : the Antikythera Mechanism: a Calendar Computer from ca. 80 B.C. (New York: Science History Publications, 1975), p. 10.

10. Derek J. de Solla Price, "An Ancient Greek Computer," Scientific American Vol. 200 No. 6 (June, 1959): 60-67, with some detailed reconstructions of the device's original appearance.

11. Price, Gears, p. 10.

12. Price, Gears, pp. 10-13, Throckmorton, pp. 18-20.

13. The Oxford Classical Dictionary, second edition, (OCD2) entry s.v. "Calendar" only begins to describe pre-Julian chronological chaos between the competing regional states.

14. Price, Gears, pp. 8-9.

15. Price, Gears, pp. 56-9; Cic. Nat de. 2.34-35.

16. Dio Chrys. 31.104.

17. D.S. 20.96.3-97.3.

18. App. B.C. 4.66-7, Winter, p. 199-201.

19. Plb. 5.88.5, Str. 14.2.5 (653), Aristid. 25.4.

20. Str. 14.2.5 (653), Plb. 21.7.1-4.

21. Price, Gears, pp. 60-61.

22. Cic. De re pub, 1.14.21.

23. Cic. ad Att. 5.12.1, Brut. 1; Plu. Cic. 36.

24. Philo. Bel. 73. For reconstructions of the device, cf. Vernard Foley and Werner Soedel, "Ancient Catapults," Scientific American 241 (April, 1979): 155-6; J. G. Landels, Engineering in the Ancient World (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), pp. 123-7.

25. V. P. M. Ptolemaic Alexandria, 3 vols. (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1972), 2.431.

26. Homer, Od. 5.233-40, Libanus, Progymnasmata, Sententiae 1.13.

27. Dicaearchus Fr. 33, Strabo Str. 2.1.1 (67), 5.7 (114), 2.5.19 (122-3), 2.5.39 (134).

28. Vitr. 10.46-48.

29. Pappus, Comm. in Alm. 4.11.66 f., ed. Rome, Almagest, 9.2, OCD2 s.v.

30. Str. 16.2.10.

31. Liv. 36.43.8; 37.14.3. App. Syr. 22, Johannes Hendrik Thiel, Studies on the History of Roman Sea-power in Republican Times (Amsterdam: Noord-hollandsche uitgevers mij., 1946), p. 301.

32. App. Mith. 25; FGrH 434 F 22.13-15.

33. V. Joseph Noble and Derek Di Solla Price, "The Water Clock in the Tower of the Winds," American Journal of Archaeology 72 (1968): 744-755.

34. Ov. Fast. 6.263-283.

35. C.A. Kinkaid, Successors of Alexander the Great (Chicago: Ares Publishing Company, 1980) p. 143.

36. Cic. De Nat. Deo. 2.34-5 (87-88), Rackham's translation.