Bibliography from Language and Society in South Asia


(Shapiro and Schiffman 1981,
MLBD series in linguistics, v.1)


Alam, Q.Z. 1975. "A Lexical Feature of Newspaper English in India." IL 36.29-36.

 

Andrews, Schofield Jr. and Whatmough, Joshua. 1966. "Comparative and Historical Linguistics in America : 1930-1960." In Christine Mohrmann, Alf Sommerfelt and Joshua Whatmough (edd.), Trends in European and American Linguistics : 1930-1960 (Utrecht and Antwerp : Spectrum Publishers), pp. 58-81.

 

Andronov, M. S. 1962. Razgovornyjj Tamil'skij Jazyki ego Dialekty (Colloquial Tamil and its Dialects). Moscow : Izdatel'stvo Vos­tochnoj Literatury.

 

………………… 1963. "Dravidian Languages." AO 31:2.177-97.

 

…………………1964a. "Lexicostatistic Analysis of the Chronology of Disintegration of Proto-Dravidian." Indo-Iranian Journal 7:2/3.170-86.

 

…………………1964b. "On the Typological Similarity of New Indo-Aryan and Dravidian." IL 25.119-26. Reprinted as "Dravidian and Aryan From the Typological Similarity to the Similarity of Forms." In Two Lectures on the Historicity of Language Families, pp. 1-13. Annamalainagar : Annamalai University Department of Linguistics, Publication No. 15 (1968).

 

………………… 1970. Dravidian Languages. Translated by D. M. Segal. Moscow "Nauka" Publishing House. (Original in Russian, 1965).

 

Annamalai, E. Forthcoming. "Convergence of literary and colloquial Tamil." Pakha Samjam (Patiala).

 

Apte, Mahadev L. 1962. "Linguistic Acculturation and its Relations to Urbanization and Socio-Economic Factors." IL 23.5-25. .

 

…………………1970. `..'Some Sociolinguistic Aspects of Interlingual Communica­tion in. India." AL 12:3.63-82.

 

…………………1974a. "Pidginization of a Lingua Franca : A Linguistic Analysis of Hindi-Urdu Spoken in Bombay." In CCSAL, pp. 21-41.

 

…………………1974b. "'Thank You' and South Asian Languages: A Comparative Sociolinguistic Study." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 3.67-89.

 

…………………1976. "Multilingualism in India and Its Socio-political Implications: An Overview." In William M. and Jean F. O'Barr (edd.), Language and Politics (The Hague : Mouton and Co.), pp. 141-64.

 

Austin, J. L. 1961. Philosophical Papers. Edited by J. O. Urmson and G. J. Warnock. London: Oxford University Press.

 

Bailey, Charles-James N. 1972. "The Patterning of Language Variation." In Varieties of Present-Day English. Edited by R. W. Bailey and J. L. Robinson. New York : Macmillan Co.

 

………………… 1973a. Variation and Linguistic Theory. Washington,    D. C. Center for Applied Linguistics.

 

………………… 1973b. "Variation Resulting from Different Rule Orderings in English Phonology." In NWAVE, pp. 211-52.

 

Bally, Charles. 1913. Ferdinand de Saussure et l'etat actuel des etudes linguistiques. Geneva.

 

Bansal, R. K. 1969. The Intelligibility of Indian English. Hyderabad Da'iratu'l-Ma'arif Press.

 

Bartholomae, Christian. 1904. Altiranisches Worterbuch. Strassburg. [Reprint­ed Berlin, 1961]

 

Beames, John. 1872-79. Outlines of Indian Philology and Other Philological Papers. Calcutta : Bholanath Hazra at Rupabani Press [Reprinted in Indian Studies : Past and Present 1:2 (1960), pp. 333-76.]

 

Bean, Susan S. 1974. "Linguistic Variation and the Caste System in South Asia." IL 35:4.277-93.

 

Becker, Henrik. 1948. Der Sprachbund. Leipzig : Humboldt-Bucherei. Bendix, Edward H. 1974. "Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman Contact as Seen Through Nepali and Newari Verb Tenses." CCSAL, pp. 42-59. Benedict, Paul K. 1972. Sino-Tibetan : A Conspectus. London : Cambridge University Press.

 

Bernstein, Basil.          1964. "Elaborated and Restricted Codes : Their Social Origins and Some Consequences." In The Ethnography of Commu­nication, pp. 55-69. Edited by John J. Gumperz and Dell Hymes [ = AA 66:6, pt. 2].

 

Berntsen, Maxine. 1975. "The Variant Model of Language : Some Data from a Study of Marathi Speech." IL 36.227-33.

 

Bharati, A. 1963. "Kinship Term Avoidance and Substitution in North Indian Middle Class Milieux." Sociologus New Series 13:2.112-20.

 

Bhattacharya,   S.  1957. Ollari : A               Dravidian               Speech. (Department          of Anthropology, Government of India, Memoir No. 3, 1956). Delhi Manager of Publications.

 

…………………1966. "Some  Munda Etymologies." In Studies in Comparative Austroasiatic Linguistics, pp. 28-40. Edited by Norman Zide. The Hague : Mouton & Co.

 

…………………1970. "Kinship Terms in the Munda Languages." Anthropos 65:3/4.444-65.

 

…………………1972. "Dravidian and Munda (A Good Field for Areal and Typo­logical Studies)." In TSDL, pp. 241-56.

 

…………………1975. "Sino-Tibetan (Boro) Elements in Assamese, Bengali, and Other North-eastern Indian Languages." IL 36.240-46.

 

Bloch, Bernard. 1948. "A Set of Postulates for Phonemic Analysis." Lg. 24.3-46.

 

Bloch, Jules. 1910. "Castes et Dialectes en  Tamoul." Mιmoires de la Sociιtι de Linguistique de Paris 16.1-30.

 

………………… 1914. The Formation of the Marathi Language. Translated by Dr. Dev Raj Chanana. Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass (1970), Citations from 1970 edition.

 

…………………1924. "Sanskrit et Dravidien." Bulletin de la Sociιtι de Linguistique de Paris 25:1.1-21. Reprinted in Pre-Aryan and Pre-Dravidian in India, pp. 35-59. Edited by Sylvain Levi, Jean Przyluski and Jules Bloch. Translated by Prabodh Chandra Bagchi. Calcutta : University of Calcutta, 1929.

 

…………………1934. Indo-Aryan ; From the Vedas to Modern Times. Translated by Alfred Master. Paris : Librairie Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1965, (Original in French).

 

Bloomfield Leonard. 1926. "A Set of Postulates for the Science of Lan­guage." Lg 2.153-64. Reprinted in Readings in Linguistics I. Edited by Martin Joos. Fourth edition. Chicago : University of Chicago Press (1966), pp. 26-31 Citations from Joos, 1966].

 

…………………1933. Language. New York : Holt,           Rinehart           and Winston. Bonfante, G., and Sebeok, Thomas A. 1944. "Linguistics and the Age and Area Hypothesis." AA 46:3.382-86.

 

Bottiglioni, Gino. 1954. "Linguistic Geography : Achievements, Methods, and Orientations." Word 10:2/3.75-87.

 

Brass, Paul R. 1974. Language, Religion and Politics in North India. New York : Cambridge University Press.

 

Bray, Denys De S. 1909. The Brahui Language, Part 1, Introduction and Grammar. Calcutta : Superintendent, Government Printing.

 

Bright, William. 1960a. "Social Dialect and Language History." Current Anthropology 1:5/6.424-25.

 

………………… 1960b. "A Study of Caste and Dialect in Mysore." IL 21. 45-50. Revised and printed as "Linguistic Change in Some Indian Caste Dialects." In LDSA, pp. 19-26.

 

…………………1966a. "Dravidian Metaphony." Lg 42:2.311-22.

 

…………………1966b. "Language, Social Stratification, and Cognitive Orienta­tion." Sociological Inquiry 36:2.313-18.

 

…………………1968. "Social Dialect and Semantic Structure in South Asia." In SCIS nn. 455-60.

 

Bright, William and A. K. Ramanujan.1962. "Sociolinguistic Variation and Language Change." In Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists (1962), pp. 1107-13. Edited by Horace G. Lunt. The Hague : Mouton & Co.

 

Brown, Roger. 1958. Words and Things. New York : The Free Press. and Gilman, Albert. 1960. "The Pronouns of Power and solidarity." In Style in Language, pp. 253-76. Edited by Thomas A. Sebeok. Cambridge Mass. : M.I.T. Press. Reprinted in RSL, pp. 252-75.

 

Burrow, T. 1955. The Sanskrit Language. London.

 

…………………and Bhattacharya, S. 1953. The Parji Language : A Dravidian Language of Bastar. Hertford : Stephen Austin and Sons, Ltd.

 

…………………1970. The Pengo Language (Grammar, Texts and Vocabulary). Oxford-: Clarendon Press.

 

…………………and Emeneau, M. B. 1961. A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. London : Oxford University Press.

 

…………………1968. A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary : Supplement. London Oxford University Press.

 

Caldwell, Rt. Rev. Robert. 1856. A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian Family of Languages, 3rd ed. Revised and edited by Rev. J. L. Wyatt and T. Ramakrishna Pillai. Reprint ed., Madras : University of Madras, 1961.

 

Campbell, A.D. 1816. A Grammar of the Teloogoo Language. Madras. Third edition Madras, 1849. Note to the introduction by Francis W. Ellis, pp. 1-31.

 

Cardona, George. 1974. "The Indo-Aryan Languages." Encyclopaedia Brittanica. 15th edition. Vol. 9, 439-50.

 

Cedergren, Henrietta J. 1973. "On, the Nature of Variable Constraints." In NWAVE, pp. 13-22.

-and Sankoff, David. 1974. "Variable Rules: Performance as a Statistical Reflection of Competence." Lg. 50.333-55.

 

Chandrasekhar, A. 1970. "Personal Pronouns and Pronominal Forms in Malayalam." A L 12:7.246-55.

 

Chatterji, S. K. 1926. The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language. Part I, Introduction, Phonology. Reprint ed., London,  George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., 1970, pp. 1-178, 189-223. [Citations from 1970 edition].

 

…………………1931. "Calcutta Hindustani : A Study of a Jargon Dialect." IL 1:2-4. Reprinted in Select Papers, pp. 204-56. New Delhi People's Publishing House, 1972.

 

…………………1942. Indo-Aryan and Hindi. Ahmedabad : Gujarat Vernacular Society; reprint eds.,  Calcutta : K. L. Mukhopadhyay, 1960 and 1969.

 

…………………1953. "The Indian Synthesis, and Racial and Cultural Inter­Mixture in India." (Presidential Address) Proceedings and Trans­actions of the All India Oriental Conference, Seventeenth Session, Ahmedabad Section III, pp. 22-60.                                                                                          

 

Chernyshev, V. A. 1971. "Nekotorye cherty Bombeiskogo Govora Khin­dustani, (na materiale sovremennoi prozy khindi)." [Some features of Bombay Hindustani speech (in modern Hindi prose material)]. In Indiiskaia i Iranskaia Filologiia (Voprosy Dialektologii), pp. 121­41. Edited by N. A. Dvoriankov. Moscow : Izdatel'stvo "Nauka."

 

Chickermane, D. V. 1971: Impact of Bilingualism on the Progress of Chil­dren in Primary Schools in Rural Areas. New Delhi : National Council of Educational Research and Training.

 

Chomsky, Noam. 1957. Syntactic Structures. The Hague : Mouton and Co. 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass. : M.I.T. Press. Coates, William Ames. 1961. "The Languages of Ceylon in 1946 and 1953." University of Ceylon Review 19.81-91.

 

Dalgado, Sebastiao Rodolfo. 1900. Dialecto Indo-portugues de Ceylγo. Lisboa : Imprensa National.

 

…………………1906. "Dialecto Indo-Portugues do Norte." Revista Lusitana 9.142-66.

 

…………………1917. "Dialecto Indo-Portugues de Negapatao." Revista Lusitana 20.40-53.

 

Das, Sisir Kumar.      1968.          "Forms of Address and Terms of Reference in Bengali." AL 10:4.19-31.

 

Das Gupta, J. 1969. "Official Language Problems and Policies in South Asia." In CTL5, pp. 578-96.

 

…………………1970. Language Conflict and National Development. Berkeley: University of California Press.

 

………………… 1975. "Religion, Language and Social Mobilization." In Can Language be Planned?, pp. 53-64. Edited by Joan Rubin and Bjorn H. Jernudd. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii,

 

…………………and Gumperz, John J. 1968. "Language, Communication and Control in North India." In Language Problems of Developing Nations, pp. 17-26. Edited by Joshua A. Fishman, Charles A. Ferguson, and Jyotirindra Das Gupta. New York : John Wiley and Sons.

 

Davidson, T. T. L.       1969.        "Indian Bilingualism and the Evidence of the Census of 1961." Lingua 22.176-96.

 

Davis, Philip W. 1973. Modern Theories of Language. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall.

 

DeCamp, David. 1961. "Social and Geographical Factors in Jamaican Dialects."  In Proceedings of the Conference on Creole Language Studies (1959), (Creole Language Studies, No. 2), pp. 61-84.              Edited by R. B. LePage. London : MacMillan & Co. Ltd.

…………………1969. "Diasystem vrs. Overall Pattern : The Jamaican Syllabic Nuclei." In Studies in Language, Literature, and Culture of the Middle Ages and Later. Austin : University of Texas at Austin. Edited by E. Bagby Atwood and Archibald A. Hill, pp. 3-12.

 

…………………1971. "Toward a Generative Analysis of a Post-Creole Speech Continuum." In Pidginization and Creolization of Languages (Proceedings of a Conference, Jamaica, 1968), pp. 349-70. Edited by Dell Hymes. London : Cambridge University Press.

 

De Silva, M. W. S. 1974.   "Convergence in Diglossia : The Sinhalese Situation." In CCSAL, pp. 60-91

 

Dharmadasa,                   K. N. O.. 1974. "The     Creolization of an Aboriginal Language : The Case of Vedda in Sri Lanka (Ceylon)." AL 16:2.79-106.

 

Diebold, A. Richard. 1961. "Incipient Bilingualism." Lg 37.97-112.

 

Diffloth, Gerard F. 1968. "The Irula Language, A Close Relative of Tamil." Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, U. C. L. A.

 

Dimock, Edward C. 1957. "Symbolic Forms in Bengali." Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute (Taraporewala Memorial Volume) 18:22-9.

 

…………………1960. "Literary and Colloquial Bengali in Modern Bengali Prose." In LDSA, pp. 43-63.

 

Dinneen, Francis P. 1967. An Introduction to General Linguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

 

Donaldson, Susan K. 1971. "Movement in Restrictive Relative Clauses in Hindi." In Yamuna Kachru (ed.), Papers on Hindi Syntax [=Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, vol. 1, no. 2 (Fall, 1971)], pp. 1-74.

 

Dumont, Louis. 1953. "The Dravidian Kinship Terminology as an Expression of Marriage." Man 53.34-39.

 

Elizarenkova, T. 1972. "Influence of Dravidian Phonological System on Sinhalese." IJDL 1:2. 126-37.

 

Emeneau, Murray B. 1938a. "Echo-Words in Toda." New Indian Anti­quary 1.109-17.        Reprinted in DLEF pp. 37-45.

………………………. 1938b. "Kinship and Marriage Among the Coorgs." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal 4:1.123-47. Reprinted in DLEF, pp. 333-56.

 

……………………….. 1941. "Language and Social Forms :            A Study of Toda Kinship Terms and Dual Descent." In Language, Culture, and Personality Essays in Memory of Edward Sapir, pp.158-79.           Edited by Leslie Spier. Menasha, Wisc. : Sapir Memorial Publishing Fund. Reprinted in DLEF, pp. 233-57.

 

………………………. 1944. Kota Texts. University of California Publications in Linguistics, vol. 2. Berkeley : University of California Press.

 

………………………. 1948a. "More on the Dravidian Etymologies in `Taboos on Animal Names'." Lg 24.180-81. Reprinted in DLEF, p. 210

 

……………………….. 1948b. "Taboos on Animal Names." Lg 24.56-63. Reprinted in DLEF, pp. 201-09.

 

…………………1949. "Language and Non-linguistic Patterns." Presidential address, read at the 24th annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Philadelphia, 28 December. Reprinted in DLEF pp. 211-23.

 

…………. 1953. "Dravidian Kinship Terms." Lg 29.339-53. Reprinted in DLEF, pp. 123-38.

 

…………..1954. "Linguistic Pre-History of India." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 98: 4.282-92.

 

…………..1955. .Kolami : A Dravidian Language. University of California Publications in           Linguistics, vol. 12. Berkeley : University of California Press. Reprinted., Annamalainagar : Annamalai University Department of Linguistics Publication No. 2, 1961.

 

…………..1956. "India as a Linguistic Area." Lg. 32:1.3-16.            Reprinted in Language in Culture and Society, 642-53. Dell Hymes. New York : Harper and Row, 1964. Also in DLEF, pp. 172-86.

 

……………1962a. "Bilingualism and Structural Borrowing." PAPS 106:5. 430-42.

 

…………… 1962b. Brahui and Dravidian Comparative Grammar. University of California Publications in Linguistics, vol. 27. Berkeley University of California Press.

 

……………..1965. India and Historical Grammar. Annamalai University Publications in Linguistics, 5. Annamalainagar.

 

……………. 1967. "The South Dravidian Languages." Journal of the Ameri­can Oriental Society 87:4.365-413. Summarized in Proceedings of the First International Conference Seminar on Tamil Studies (1966), vol. 2, pp. 563-71. Kuala Lumpur : International Association of Tamil Research, 1969.

 

…………….. 1969. "Onomatopoetics in the Indian Linguistic Area." Lg 45:2, pt. 1.274-99.

 

…………………1971, "Dravidian and Indo-Aryan: The Indian Linguistic Area." Symposium on Dravidian Civilization (1968). Edited by Andrea Sjoberg. Austin : Center for Asian Studies of the University of Texas at Austin, Asian Series No. 1.

 

………………… 1974a. "The Indian Linguistic Area Revisited." CCSAL, pp. 92-134.

 

…………………1974b. "Ritual Structure and Language Structure of the Todas." Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 64:6.

 

Ferguson, Charles A. 1959. "Diglossia." Word 15:2.325-40. Reprinted in Language in Culture and Society, pp. 429-37. Edited by Dell Hymes. New York : Harper and Row, 1964. Also in Language Structure and Language Use : Essays by Charles A. Ferguson, pp. 1-26. Selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil. Stanford Stanford University Press, 1971.

 

…………….and Gumperz, John J., eds. 1960. Linguistic Diversity in South Asia : Studies in Regional, Social and Functional Variation. IJAL 26:3 pt. 2.

 

Fishman, Joshua A. 1967. "Bilingualism with and without Diglossia; Diglossia with and without Bilingualism." Journal of Social Issues 23:2.29-37. Revised and printed as "Societal Bilingualism Stable and Transitional." In Sociolinguistics : A Brief Introduction, pp. 73-89. By Joshua A Fishman. Rowley, Mass. : Newbury House Publishers, 1970. Revised and Printed in Language in sociocultural Change : Essays by Joshua A. Fishman, pp. 135-52. Selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil. Stanford : Stanford University Press, 1972.

 

……………… 1972. Language in Socio-Cultural Change. Selected and intro­duced by Anwar S. Dil. Stanford : Stanford University Press.

 

Fonseca, Fernando V. Peixoto Da. 1959. Nocoes de Historia da Lingua Portuguesa.  Lisbon: Livraria Classica Editora.

 

Forbes, C. J. F. S. 1878. "On Tibeto-Burman Languages."The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 10.210-27.

 

Frake, Charles O. 1962. "The Ethnographic Study of Cognitive Systems." In Anthropology and Human Behavior, pp. 72-85. Edited by Thomas Gladwin and William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D. C. Anthropological Society of Washington. Reprinted in RSL, pp. 434-46. Also in CA, pp. 28-41.

 

Freed, Stanley A. 1963. "Fictive Kinship in a North Indian Village." Ethnology 2:1.86-103.

 

Friedrich, Paul W. 1961. "Review of Linguistic Diversity in South Asia." Lg 37:1.163-68.

 

…………………1962. "Language and Politics of India." Daedalus 91:3.563-69. Reprinted in University of Chicago Committee of South Asian Studies No. 24, 1962.

 

Fuehrer-Haimendorf, Ch. 1939. The Naked Nagas. London.

 

Gair, James W. 1968. "Sinhalese Diglossia:" AL 10:8.1-15.

 

…………………1976. "The Verb in Sinhala, With Some Preliminary Remarks on

Dravidianization." IJDL 5:2.259-73.

 

Geiger, Wilhelm and Kuhn, Ernst (eds.). 1901. Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie. (2 vols.) Strassburg : Verlag Karl J. Trόbner.

 

Ghosh, M. and Sinha, P. 1975. "Bilingualism and the Bengali of Bhagalpur." IL 35.256-67.

 

Gleason, H. A., Jr. 1961. An Introduction to Descriptive Linguistics, revised edition. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

 

Godel, R. 1966. "F. de Saussure's Theory of Language." In Current Trends in Linguistics, Vol. 3. Edited by Thomas A. Sebeok. The Hague Mouton and Co., pp. 479-93.

 

Gough, Kathleen E. 1956. "Brahman Kinship in a Tamil Village."     AA 58:5.826-53.

 

Greenberg, Joseph H. 1956.            "The Measurement of Linguistic Diversity." Lg 32:1.109-15. Reprinted in Language, Culture, and Communi­cation : Essays by Joseph H. Greenberg, pp. 68-77. Selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil. Stanford : Stanford University Press, 1971.

 

…………………1966. "Some Universals of Grammar with Particular Reference to the Order of Meaningful Elements." In Universals of Language, pp. 73-113. Edited by Joseph H. Greenberg. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press.

 

Grierson, George Abraham. 1903-28. Linguistic Survey of India.11 vols. Reprinted., Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass, 1967.

 

………………… 1906. The Pisaca Languages of North-Western India. London

Royal Asiatic Society (Monograph No. 8).       Reprinted., New Delhi. Munshiram Manoharlal Oriental Publishers, 1969.

 

…………………1933. On the Modern Indo-Aryan Vernaculars. Bombay. Gumperz, John J. 1958. "Dialect Differences and Social Stratification in a North Indian Village." AA 60:4.668-82. Reprinted in LSG, pp. 25-47.

 

………………… 1961. "Speech Variation and the Study of Indian Civilization." AA 63:5 pt: 1.976-88.

 

………………… 1964a. "Hindi-Punjabi Code Switching in Delhi." In Proceed­ings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists, pp. 1115-24. Edited by H. Lunt. The Hague : Mouton and Co. Reprinted in LSG, pp. 205-19.

 

………………… 1964b. "Linguistic and Social Interaction in Two Communities." In The Ethnography of Communication, pp. 137-53. Edited by John J. Gumperz and Dell Hymes. AA 66:6 pt. 2. Reprinted in LSG, 151-76.

 

…………………1967. "Language and Communication." In Social Goals and Indicators for American Society, vol. 11, pp. 219-31. Edited by Bertram M. Gross. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 373.

 

………………… 1968. "Some Desiderata in South Asian Areal Linguistics." SIL, pp. 118-23.

 

…………………1969a. "How Can We Describe and Measure the Behavior of Bilingual Groups ?" In Description and Measurement of Bilin­gualism : An International Seminar (1967), pp. 242-49. Edited by L. G. Kelly. Toronto : University of Toronto Press. 1969b.       "Sociolinguistics in South Asia." In CTL5, pp. 597-606.

 

…………………and Naim, C. M. 1969.  "Formal and Informal Standards in the Hindi Regional Language Area." In LSG, pp.48-76.

 

…………………and Wilson, R. 1971. "Convergence and Creolization : A Case From the Indo-Aryan/Dravidian Border in India." In Pidginization and Creolization of Languages, pp. 151-67. Edited by Dell H. Hymes. London : Cambridge University Press. Reprinted in LSG, pp. 251-73.

 

Halverson, John. 1966. "Prolegomena to the Study of Ceylon English." University of Ceylon Review 24:1 and 2.61-75.

 

Haugen, Einar. 1953. The.Norwegian Language in America : A Study in Bilingual Behavior. 2 vols. Philadelphia : University of Pennsyl­vania Press.

 

………………… 1956. Bilingualism in the Americas : A Bibliography and Research Guide.   University of Alabama : American Dialect Society, Publication No. 26.

 

………………… 1966a. "Dialect, Language, Nation." AA 68:4.922-35. Re­printed in The Ecology of Language : Essays by Einar Haugen, pp. 237-53.      Selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil, Stanford Stanford University Press, 1972.

 

…………………1966b. "Semicommunication : the Language Gap in Scandinavia." Sociolinguistic Inquiry 36.280-97. Reprinted in The Ecology of Langu­age : Essays by Einar Haugen, pp. 215-36. Selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil. Stanford : Stanford University Press, 1972.

 

Hesseling, Dirk C. 1899. Het Afrikaans; Bijdrage tot de Geschiedenis der Nederlandse taal in Zuid-Afrika. Leiden : E. J. Brill.

 

Hodson, T. C. 1936. "Bilingualism in India." Transactions of the Philological Society of London, pp. 85-91. London : David Nutt (A. G. Berry).

 

Hoernle, G. 1880. A Comparative Grammar of the Gaudian Languages, London. Hoffmann, Karl. 1952. "Wiederholende Onomatopoetika im Altindischen." Indogermanische Forschungen 60.254-64.

 

Holmer, Nils M. 1963.            "The Morphological Structure of Austro-Asiatic Languages."            In Linguistic Comparison in South East Asia and the Pacific, pp. 17-23.  Edited by H. L. Shorto.           London : School of Oriental and African Studies.

 

Hutton, J. H. 1921. The Angami Nagas. London.

Hymes, Dell H. 1962. "The Ethnography of Speaking."            In Anthropology and Human Behavior, pp. 13-53. Edited by Thomas Gladwin and William C. Sturtevant. Washington; D. C.: Anthropological Society of Washington. Reprinted in RSL, pp. 99-138. Also in Language, Culture and Society, pp. 189-223. Edited by Ben G. Blount. Cambridge, Mass. : Winthrop Publishers, Inc., 1974. ed.

 

…………………1971. Pidginization and Creolization of Languages (Proceedings of a Conference, Jamaica, 1968). London : Cambridge University Press.

Isačenko, A. V. 1964.                                               "On the Conative Function of Language."          Re­printed in A Prague School Reader in Linguistics, Joseph Vachek, ed. Bloomington : Indiana University Press.

 

Islam, Rafique. 1975.  "Language Planning in Bangladesh." IL 36.186-90. Jaberg, Karl. 1936.         Aspects gιographiques du langage.            Paris : Librairie E. Droz.

 

Jackson, A.V.W. 1909. An Avesta Grammar in Comparison with Sanskrit. Reprinted 1968.

 

Jakobson, Roman. 1931. "άber die phonologischen Sprachbunde." Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague 4.234-40. Reprinted in Selected Writings, Vol. I, Phonological Studies, pp. 137-43. The Hague : Mouton and Co. (1962).

 

………………… 1932."Zur Struktur des russischen Verbums." Reprinted in Selected Writings, Vol. II, pp. 3-15. The Hague: Mouton and Co. (1962).

 

………………… 1949.         "The Phonemic and Grammatical Aspects in their Inter­relationships." Reprinted in Selected Writings, Vol. II pp. 103-14. The Hague; Mouton and Co.     (1962).

…………………Fant, C. Gunnar M., and Halle, Morris. 1951. Preliminaries to Speech Analysis. Cambridge; Mass. : M. 1. T. Press.

 

Jain, Dhanesh Kumar, 1969. "Verbalization of Respect in Hindi."     AL 11:3.79-97,

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