LLBA Disc 1973-1998/12 

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TITLE (ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH) (TI)

Lexicalization versus Grammaticalization-Commonalities and Differences; Lexikalisierung versus Grammatikalisierung-Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede

AUTHOR(S) (AU)

Wischer,-Ilse

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF FIRST AUTHOR (IN)

Instit Anglistik & Amerikanistik U Potsdam, D-14415 Federal Republic Germany

JOURNAL NAME (JN)

Papiere-zur-Linguistik;1997, 2(57), 121-134.;

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER (IS)

0343-4133

DOCUMENT TYPE (DT)

aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article

ABSTRACT (AB)

Lexicalization, defined as the transfer of linguistic material to the lexicon, is compared with grammaticalization in the context of claims that the two processes are partly related. Generally considered to be a process of codification of occasionally formed phrases or words, lexicalization begins at the level of discourse & proceeds via metonymy &/or metaphor in the direction of semantic specialization; once an expression becomes part of the lexicon, it cannot undergo further degrees of lexicalization. Grammaticalization is described in three successive phases. In the analytic phase, beginning at the level of interaction between lexicon & discourse, implicit meanings are conventionalized & other semantic components are lost until an expression assumes a syntactic function. The synthetic phase involves the cliticization & affixation of function words, accompanied by phonological reduction that may trigger the incorporating phase of demotivation & eventual formal nullification. Sources of lexicalization are idiomatization, paradigmatization, & the demotivation of the incorporating phase of grammaticalization. 21 References. Adapted from the source document

MAJOR DESCRIPTORS AND DESCRIPTOR CODES (DEM)

*Grammaticalization- (29220); *Semantic-Change (76600); *Neologisms- (56850); *Meaning- (52200); *Diachronic-Linguistics (18500)

ACCESSION NUMBER (AN)

9812734 .

TITLE (ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH) (TI)

Ambiguity in Constructions with se; Ambiguedad en las construcciones con se

AUTHOR(S) (AU)

Omori,-Hiroko

JOURNAL NAME (JN)

Sophia-Linguistica;1997, 41, 115-130.;

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER (IS)

0287-5357

DOCUMENT TYPE (DT)

aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article

ABSTRACT (AB)

From a cognitive perspective, it is argued that the meanings of ambiguous constructions containing the Spanish reflexive pronoun se are interrelated & derive from the basic meaning of the reflexive. Five functions of se are addressed as a type of grammaticalization in the order (1) reflexive, (2) unaccusative, (3) middle voice, (4) passive voice, & (5) impersonal. The divided-person metaphor of George Lakoff (1996) is applied to the subject participant in each construction type to show that (1) relates to (2) by loss of the intentionality aspect of agency without loss of control; in (3), further aspects of agency are lost, but the subject is viewed as an instigator; & in (4) & (5), all properties of agency are lost by the subject participant, although an agent is tacitly presupposed in (4). 14 References. Adapted from the source document

MAJOR DESCRIPTORS AND DESCRIPTOR CODES (DEM)

*Ambiguity- (01950); *Spanish- (81800); *Pronouns- (68400); *Reflexivity- (71980); *Grammaticalization- (29220); *Semantic-Analysis (76570); *Semantic-Roles (76790)

ACCESSION NUMBER (AN)

9812220 .

TITLE (ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH) (TI)

De ahi > diay: A Particle Is Born. Discourse-Triggered Grammaticalization in Spanish

AUTHOR(S) (AU)

Quesada,-J.-Diego

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF FIRST AUTHOR (IN)

Dept Spanish & Portuguese U Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1

JOURNAL NAME (JN)

Zeitschrift-fur-Sprachwissenschaft;1996, 15, 2, 147-177.;

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER (IS)

0721-9067

DOCUMENT TYPE (DT)

aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article

ABSTRACT (AB)

Grammaticalization from discourse to morphosyntax is exemplified by a study of the process whereby Spanish de ahi 'from there' becomes a Costa Rican Colloquial Spanish particle diay (& phonetic variants) having a discourse-pragmatic function of subjective evaluation. The original ablative meaning of the deictic adverbial phrase is shown to shift successively through increasingly abstract functions, providing evidence for the function contiguity hypothesis of Bernd Heine et al (1991). The time-is-space metaphor was followed by a causal reinterpretation of the ablative function, splitting the phrase into different functions in declarative & interrogative contexts. In the former, an evolution of clausal functions from causality to result to proof preceded a shift to extraclausal functions of speaker-based assessment, first as a phatic marker, then as an inference marker, & finally as one of asserting or concurring in an opinion. In interrogative contexts, the phatic stage has led to a function of marking insecurity regarding an opinion. 37 References. J. Hitchcock

MAJOR DESCRIPTORS AND DESCRIPTOR CODES (DEM)

*Spanish- (81800); *Grammaticalization- (29220); *Function-Words (26400); *Deixis- (17750); *Semantic-Change (76600); *Language-Usage (44600); *Regional-Dialects (72100)

ACCESSION NUMBER (AN)

9812115 .

TITLE (ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH) (TI)

How Productive Are Metaphors? A Close Look at the Participation of a Few Verbs in the STATES ARE LOCATIONS Metaphor (and Others)

AUTHOR(S) (AU)

Taub,-Sarah

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF FIRST AUTHOR (IN)

U California, Berkeley 94720

PUBLISHER INFORMATION OF ORIGINAL DOCUMENT (PB)

Chpt in CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE, DISCOURSE AND LANGUAGE, Goldberg, Adele E. [Ed], Stanford, CA: Center Study Language & Information, 1996, pp 449-462.

DOCUMENT TYPE (DT)

bca Book-Chapter-Abstract

ABSTRACT (AB)

Numerous metaphorical correspondences can be established from the lexical semantics of verbs, yielding several additions to the "states are locations" metaphor. Besides broad, productive metaphorical mappings, metaphor-related constructions indicate a cline in productivity from totally productive to completely frozen patterns for which a successful metaphor theory should be able to account. Mechanisms for this purpose may parallel those of construction grammar, their explanation, metaphor genesis theories, construction development history, & processes of grammaticalization. 2 Tables, 13 References. L. R. Hunter (Copyright 1997, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)

MAJOR DESCRIPTORS AND DESCRIPTOR CODES (DEM)

*Metaphors- (53250); *Semantics- (76850); *Verbs- (93900); *Lexical-Semantics (46770)

ACCESSION NUMBER (AN)

9708937 .

TITLE (ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH) (TI)

Metaphor, Metaphorical Extension, and Grammaticalization: A Study of Mandarin Chinese

AUTHOR(S) (AU)

Huang,-Chu-Ren; Chang,-Shen-Ming

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF FIRST AUTHOR (IN)

Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529 Taiwan

PUBLISHER INFORMATION OF ORIGINAL DOCUMENT (PB)

Chpt in CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE, DISCOURSE AND LANGUAGE, Goldberg, Adele E. [Ed], Stanford, CA: Center Study Language & Information, 1996, pp 201-216.

DOCUMENT TYPE (DT)

bca Book-Chapter-Abstract

ABSTRACT (AB)

A unified account of the various Mandarin V-qilai constructions based on metaphorical extensions is presented. The inchoative -qilai is demonstrated to be a metaphorical extension of the directional -qilai, derived from the metaphor "to start is to move up." The completive -qilai is termed one instance of the inchoative -qilai, occurring when the predicate involves a conflated complex event structure. The conditional -qilai is considered a metonymic expression of the inchoative -qilai. The continued interaction of the metaphoric extension of "to start is to move up" with other metaphors is observed. Interaction between metaphors & the selection of the inchoative aspect of -qilai calls into question the assumption of a monotonic mapping from the conceptual structure to the lexicon to syntax. Conceptual structure is suggested to be accessible to all lexical & grammatical operations through the lexicon via metonymic & metaphorical extension. The operation of metaphor-based conceptual operations across grammatical modules is supported. 21 References. L. R. Hunter (Copyright 1997, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)

MAJOR DESCRIPTORS AND DESCRIPTOR CODES (DEM)

*Verbs- (93900); *Semantics- (76850); *Metaphors- (53250); *Mandarin- (50900)

ACCESSION NUMBER (AN)

9708691 .

TITLE (ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH) (TI)

Modern Greek as: A Case Study in Grammaticalization and Grammatical Polysemy

AUTHOR(S) (AU)

Nikiforidou,-Kiki

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF FIRST AUTHOR (IN)

Dept English Studies U Athens, Zografou GR-15784 Greece [e-mail: vnikifor@atlas.uoa.gr]

JOURNAL NAME (JN)

Studies-in-Language;1996, 20, 3, 599-632.;

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER (IS)

0378-4177

DOCUMENT TYPE (DT)

aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article

ABSTRACT (AB)

Insight into the process of grammaticalization is provided by an analysis of Modern Greek as, a preverbal particle expressing a highly polysemous category that includes meanings of suggestion, wish, irrealis, conditionality, permission, & concession. First attested as a permissive particle in the 6th century AD, as is derived from the second person singular imperative afes 'allow'; the postclassical source construction for modern preverbal as is found in the Koine New Testament, where afes is followed immediately by a paratactic subjunctive. Loss of the phonological distinction between subjunctive & indicative led to a reanalysis of the imperative as a subjunctive-marking particle, exemplifying the typical interaction of phonological, syntactic, & semantic parameters in grammaticalization. Modern conditional & concessive uses of as illustrate complex paths of development involving metaphor & metonymy & arising from the combination of an already polysemous particle with a full range of tenses. 1 Diagram, 53 References. Adapted from the source document. (Copyright 1997, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)

MAJOR DESCRIPTORS AND DESCRIPTOR CODES (DEM)

*Greek- (29600); *Polysemy- (66560); *Function-Words (26400); *Semantic-Change (76600); *Grammatical-Change (28950)

ACCESSION NUMBER (AN)

9706061 .

TITLE (ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH) (TI)

Grounding, Cognition and Metaphor in the Grammar of Middle Egyptian: The Role of Human Experience in Grammar as an Alternative to the Standard Theory Notion of Paradigmatic Substitution

AUTHOR(S) (AU)

Collier,-Mark

JOURNAL NAME (JN)

Lingua-Aegyptia;1994, 4, 57-87.;

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER (IS)

0942-5659

DOCUMENT TYPE (DT)

aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article

ABSTRACT (AB)

The traditional standard theory of Middle Egyptian (ME) is argued to have a central flaw in that it rests on a reductionist substitution of nonverb categories for verb forms that are only grammatically similar, not the same. An alternative cognitive theory based on features of human experience is proposed & applied to a description of the sentence system of ME. An analysis of aspectual hr in the subject-first (or "pseudo-verbal") construction attributes the similarity of aspectual & prepositional hr with following infinitive to a process of grammaticalization. Cognitive event & location models are used to align four sentence types in a "constellation of similarity": (1) verbal sdm(=f)/sdm.n(=f), (2) subject + stative, (3) subject + preposition + infinitive, & (4) subject + prepositional phrase. It is claimed that (1-4) form the core of the ME sentence system based on a principle of grounding & a categorization of the auxiliarites iw & 'h'.n as grounding expressions. J. Hitchcock (Copyright 1996, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)

MAJOR DESCRIPTORS AND DESCRIPTOR CODES (DEM)

*Egyptian-Coptic (21250); *Sentence-Structure (77400); *Grammatical-Analysis (28700); *Semantic-Analysis (76570)

ACCESSION NUMBER (AN)

9612592 .

TITLE (ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH) (TI)

The Grammaticalization of the Perfect in Old English: An Account Based on Pragmatics and Metaphor

AUTHOR(S) (AU)

Carey,-Kathleen

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF FIRST AUTHOR (IN)

U California San Diego, La Jolla 92093

PUBLISHER INFORMATION OF ORIGINAL DOCUMENT (PB)

Chpt in PERSPECTIVES ON GRAMMATICALIZATION, Pagliuca, William [Ed], Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994, pp 103-117.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER (IS)

0304-0763

DOCUMENT TYPE (DT)

bca Book-Chapter-Abstract

ABSTRACT (AB)

An investigation is made of the grammaticalization of the English possessive-stative verb have as a marker of the present perfect tense. It is argued that some Old English have + participle constructions are perfect-like but that, unlike their Middle & Modern English counterparts, they refer to a current state rather than a past action. It is suggested that the first uses with perfect-like meaning could have occurred as conversational implicatures in isolated instances. The question of what part of the meaning of have is preserved in the semantic shift from adjectival to perfect meaning is considered. 2 Tables, 15 References. B. Annesser Murray (Copyright 1995, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)

DESCRIPTORS AND DESCRIPTOR CODES (DES)

Grammatical-Change (28950); Old-English (60800); Tense- (88500); Verbs- (93900)

ACCESSION NUMBER (AN)

9503272 .

TITLE (ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH) (TI)

Traffic between the Pragmatic and Structural Levels

AUTHOR(S) (AU)

Conradie,-C.-J.

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF FIRST AUTHOR (IN)

Rand Afrikaans U, Johannesburg 2000 South Africa

PUBLISHER INFORMATION OF ORIGINAL DOCUMENT (PB)

Chpt in HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS 1991: PAPERS FROM THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS, AMSTERDAM, 12-16 AUGUST 1991, Van Marle, Jaap [Ed], Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993, pp 71-85.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER (IS)

0304-0763

DOCUMENT TYPE (DT)

bca Book-Chapter-Abstract

ABSTRACT (AB)

The lexification & grammaticalization of performative speech acts, illustrated by data from Afrikaans, Middle Dutch, French, English, & Tswana, is found to be the most frequently attested of three diachronic relationships between the grammatical & illocutionary levels. Types of downgrading of illocutions include proper names & labeled phrases, compounds, the incorporation of illocutions into morphological processes, & syntactic reductions, fusion, & mutations. Personification, metaphor, & promotion of underlying meaning to lexical status are exemplified; the lexification process is compared to that of idiom formation. The upgrading of subordinate clauses to illocutions is found in Dutch & French, & a tendency to restructure subordinate clause order based on independent interrogative structure is reported from Afrikaans. 34 References. J. Hitchcock (Copyright 1994, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)

DESCRIPTORS AND DESCRIPTOR CODES (DES)

Language-Change (41850); Germanic-Languages (27800); Bantoid-Languages (07500); Phraseologisms- (65450); Lexicon- (47150); Word-Formation (97400)

ACCESSION NUMBER (AN)

9403177 .

TITLE (ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH) (TI)

Chagga 'Come' and 'Go': Metaphor and the Development of Tense-Aspect

AUTHOR(S) (AU)

Emanatian,-Michele

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATION OF FIRST AUTHOR (IN)

Linguistics Program Macalester Coll, Saint Paul MN 55105

JOURNAL NAME (JN)

Studies-in-Language;1992, 16, 1, 1-33.;

DOCUMENT TYPE (DT)

aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article

ABSTRACT (AB)

The Chagga development of tense-aspect markers from motion verbs is investigated as a case study of grammaticalization in progress. Nonmotion uses of 'come' & 'go' with "infinitival" complements are examined. Either verb can be used to imply the future occurrence of an event or situation. Chagga 'come' & 'go' are found to have developed prospective aspect meanings: one of their uses is to mark the present relevance for the speaker of a future event or situation. Metaphorical analysis is applied to reveal the workings of semantic-functional change. Metaphors of motion, path, & goal, along with the shifting perspective that is characteristic of deictic elements such as 'go' & 'come', enable the meaning shifts that constitute one component of this change toward grammatical morphemes. It is shown that a single conceptualization of temporal relations, the "moving ego model," is adequate to account for these extended meanings of 'come' & 'go'. It is claimed that it is the metaphorical readings of these verbs, the shift in view-point involved in the use of 'come', & processes of distributional generalization & phonological attrition that make these lexical items good candidates for grammaticalization as prospective aspect markers in Chagga. The undesirability of forcing the Chagga data into neat categories of either motion verb or prospective aspectual underscores the need in linguistic theory for a more fluid conception of grammatical constructions. 4 Figures, 64 References. AA (Copyright 1993, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)

DESCRIPTORS AND DESCRIPTOR CODES (DES)

Bantoid-Languages (07500); Metaphors- (53250); Tense- (88500); Aspect- (05100); Verbs- (93900); Semantic-Change (76600); Linguistic-Theories (47700)

ACCESSION NUMBER (AN)

9301053 .

LLBA Disc 1973-1998/12