PPennMuseum E16542A (18th year of Ptolemy III, late spring 229 bce), provisionally transcribed and edited by participants in Robert Kraft's papyrology class at the University of Pennsylvania, fall 2006 (Seth Bernard, Christina Gieske, Daniel Harris, Marian Makins, Andrew Mihailoff, Matthew Novenson, Amanda Reiterman, Jessica Sisk, Emlen Smith, Christian Teuchtler, Virginia Wayland). Some additional corrections and suggestions from Willy Clarysse have been incorporated and/or tagged with "[WC]" for further consideration (12oc & 29no 2007; his exact transcript with its ASCII coding is appended below, since it contains some uninterpreted markings [e.g. for accents and for questionable letters]).
Description: 15.2 cm wide, 15 cm high; written against the fibers; top margin intact as well as most of the left margin; right margin broken after line 2, central part of lower margin preserved. Traces of one line of writing on the other side, along the fibers at the level of lines 4-5.
Working Transcription and Translation, including WC suggestions:
01 Β]ασιλεύοντος Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Πτολεμαίου καὶ Ἀρσινόης Θεῶν Ἀδελφῶν, ἔ[τους
02 ὀ]κτω καὶ δεκάτου, ἐφ' ἱερέως Κοκκάλου τοῦ Εὐελθοντος Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ
03 Θεῶν Ἀδελφῶν καὶ Θεῶν Εὐεργετ̣ῶν, κανηφόρου Ἀρσινόης [Φιλαδελφου
04 Σω]τείρας τῆς Παμμένους, μηνὸς Ξα̣νδικοῦ, ἐμ Φεβίχι τοῦ Κωίτου[ ...
05 ... ν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑπογεγραμμένου μηνος λογων ...
... from the month mentioned below ...
06 ... ει του εαυτου κληρου γης αρουρας εξη...
... of that inheritance, six (?) arouras ...
07 ... ας πρ<ο>τερον συνεγραψατο Πετοσιρις φερ[
... formerly Petosiris wrote to ...
08 τ ... της επιγονης (blank) και Σεσθωτη...
09 οτ ... και Παλουτις οντες ...
10 ... πετωι και Πετοσιρι Ωρου και Κ ...
... to Petosiris ...
11 ... φεβιχι θε...
11 . . . . . . . . Febici th'i tou' . . .ª [WC]
... Febixi (?) ...
12 α ... των πυρων αρταβων δυο [
13 το ... το διαγεγραμμενον ...[
... written ...
14 μετοχοι ... δου ε ... και δ ... ουοτ .[
... associates ...
15 εαμ μη προτερον η αφεσις γενηται πυρον κα[θαρον αδολον
15 εαμ μη προτερον η αφεσις γενηται πυρον η α[ [WC]
If not sooner the payment of new crops is to be pure unmingled wheat
16 απο παντων μετρωι χοι δικαίωι μετρήσε[ι δικαια και ανεγκατω
16 απο.ν.ν μετρωι χοιχωι καί ωι μετρήσε[... [WC]
from a correct pouring measure of all measured correctly and confirmed (?)
17 εμ Φεβιχι επι της αλω. Εαμ δε μη αποδωσιν [
in Febixi on the threshing floor. But if they do not pay[ according to the contract (?)
18 αποτισατωσαν Ευκρατης και οι μετοχοι ... [ ... τιμην
Eukrates and his associates must repay/forfeit ... amount
19 της αρταβης εκαστης δραχμας τεσσαρας [ ... και η πραξις
of four artaba per drachma ... and the right of execution
20 εστω Καφωι παρα Βρεμα... βεβαιουτω δε Π..[ (names)
20 εστω κατα το διαγραμμα. Βεβαιουτω δε ... [WC]
shall be according to the contract. But let [name] secure
21 ... τοις μετοχοις την γην ταυτην καιτασπαρ[μεντας ...
21 ... τοις μετοχοις τα ... ην και τας ... [WC]
... for the associates this field sown (?) ...
22 ...καρπος καθ α μεμισθοκεν εαμ δε μη βεβαιωι[ κατα τα γεγραμμενα
22 ... μαι εκ ... εαν δε μη βεβαιωι [WC]
... crop as it was leased. But if it is not secured as contracted
23 ]σατωσαν Ευκρατης ...ς μετοχοις επιτιμον [ αργυριου δραχ
... Eukrates with the associates a payment of 300 silver drachmas,
23 τοις μετοχοις επιτιμον [ δραχ [WC]
24 μας τριακοσιας εαμ μη τι βασιλικον κωλ[υμα γενηται
if there is no royal restriction
25 το δε πο ...καρπων ... κοντα εξ ...[ ... η δε
...
26 συγγραφη ηδε κυρια εστω ου αν επιφερητ[αι μαρτυρες
26 s≥u≥ggrafh; h{de k≥u≥r≥iv≥a≥ e[≥s≥t≥w≥ ou| a]n ejpifevrhtªai [WC]
But let the contract forthwith be valid whenever it is produced. Witnesses:
27 ... σπερ ... ακιρακα ...
28 ... βοκα ...
29 ... Χαλκιδευ η[
30 (b l a n k) συγγραφοφυλ...
(blank) Keeper of the contract is [name]
Exact provisional transcription from Willy Clarysse as received through email on 26no2007:
1 ªBºasileuªoºnto" Ptolemaivou tou' Ptolemaivou kai; jArsinovh" qew'n ajdelfw'n e[tou"
2 ojktwkaidekavtou ejf j iJerevw" Kokkavlou tou' Eujelqovnto" jAlexavndrou kai;
3 ªqew'nº jAdelfw'n kai; qew'n Eujergetw'n, kanhfovrou jArsinoªvh" Filadevlfouº
4 ªSwteivºra" th'" Pammevnou" mhno;" Xandikou' ejm Febici tou' Kwitou ª
5 . . . . . .n ajpo; tou' uJpogegrammevnou mhno;" lovgwn . . . ª
6 . . . . . ejk tou' eJautou' klhvrou gh'" ajrouvra" eJxh.ª
7 . . . . . a" pr≥ov≥teron sunegravyato Petovsiri" Farª
8 t . . . . . . . . th'" ejpigonh'" kai; Cesqwvth≥ª"
9 ot. . . . . . . . kai; Palouti" o[nte"≥ . .ª
10 . . . . . . petwi kai; Petosivri {Wrou k≥a≥i≥; Kª
11 . . . . . . . . Febici th'i tou' . . .ª
12 aª. . . . .º. .ª. .º tw≥n purw≥n ajrtabw'n duvo ª
13 to. . . . .ª. . .º . to; diagegrammevnon .ª
14 metovcoi . . . . . . .dou e. . . . kai d. . . . . .ª
15 eja;m mh; provteron hJ a[fesi" givnhtai puron h aª
16 ajpop.n..n mevtrwi coikw'i kai; wi metrhseª
17 ejm Febivci ejpi; th'" a{lw. jjEa;n de; mh; ajpodw'sin .ª
18 ajpotisatwsan Eujkravth" kai; oiJ metovcoi . . . . .ª
19 th'" ajrtavbh" eJkavsth" dracma;" tessavra" ª kai; hJ pra'xi"º
20 e[stw kata; to; diavgramma. Bebaiouvtw de; . . . ª
21 toi'" metovcoi" ta; . . . . . hn kai; ta;" . .ª
22 mai ejjk . . jEa;n de; mh; bebaioi' .ª
23 ªtoi'º" metovcoi" ejpivtimon ª drac-º
24 ma;" triakosiva" ejam mhv ti basiliko;n kwvl≥ªuma gevnhtai.º
25 to de po
26 s≥u≥ggrafh; h{de k≥u≥r≥iv≥a≥ e[≥s≥t≥w≥ ou| a]n ejpifevrhtªai
//end//
Notes:
lines 1-4 contain the standard dating formula for documents in the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes (247/6-221 bce), consisting of the following elements: ruler, year, priest of Alexander, kanephoros of Arsinoe, month, location. All or part of the formula is found in 10 inscriptions and over 70 papyri from the Duke Data Bank and other materials found on the Packard Humanities Institute IBYCUS disk #7 (1996) and the PERSEUS site; an exact count is difficult due to duplications in the editions of the Petrie papyri).
line 2: few Greek documents are attested explicitly from the 18th year of Ptolemy III -- see P.Koln 8.345 and probably P.Grad.4 [= P.Fuad 1 Univ. App. 1]. the Demotic documents listed by Van der Veken are "P. dem. Berl. ined. 23507; P. dem. Brux. ined. E 8439 (Quaegebeur, Cd E 55, 1980, p. 255-258)." Three other Demotic documents mention "year 18" but list the priests of year 17, and one other has "year 18" with the priests of year 19. See The Eponymous Priests of Ptolemaic Egypt: Chronological Lists of the Priests of Alexandria and Ptolemais With a Study of the Demotic Transcriptions of Their Names (Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava 24, 1983) by Willy Clarysse and Griet Van Der Veken assisted by S. P. Vleeming (Van der Veken is listed as responsible for part one, the chronological lists).
line 2: in 1983, Van der Veken did not know of any Greek documents that contained the name of KOKKALOS and his father, although he lists several unpublished Demotic documents for the 18th year (see the preceding note), with "KKls, var. KKwrs" as the named priest, son of ">w>rtn (Euelthon)." For additional work on these (and other) names, see
http://www.iaw.uni-heidelberg.de/hps/pap/WL/WL.pdf compiled in summer 2006 by Dieter Hagedorn (Wo%rterListen aus den Registern von Publicationen griechischer und lateinischer dokumentarisher Papyri und Ostraka). He lists a KOKALOS for Sammelbuch 21, and a EUELQWN for PKöln 08 (345 =20773r) and PMich 18. PKöln was published in 1997, SB 21 and 23 in 2002, PMich 18 and POxy 63 in 1996, and Tyche 9 (a journal) in 1994. Willy Clarysse adds: "For the name, I can refer you to L.Robert, Noms Indigène, p. 130-135, who says it is typical of the west coast of Asia Minor. With Fraser's lexicon it must be easy to find instances in Greece proper."
lines 3-4: The corrected reading Pammenes (not Epimenes, as we first transcribed) is offered by Willy Clarysse. Van den Veken lists as
Kanhphoros for the 18th year [Demotic] "Str> (Swteira), d[aughter of] >pymns, var. Pmns (Epimenes?)."
Hagedorn lists SWTEIRA for PKöln 08 (also EPIMENHS), POxy 63, SB 23, and Tyche 09, all of which were published since 1994 (see the previous note). Of these, only PKöln 08.345 (=20773r) actually refers to this priestess SWTEIRA. POxy 63.4364 has an Aurelia Soteira from the 3rd or 4th century CE, and SB 23 and Tyche 09 refer to the same papyrus (PTurku 5), a 2nd century CE reference to another SWTEIRA. For more information about the kanephoros, see E.R. Bevan, The House
of Ptolemy (Methuen 1927), chapter 4, section 7, and M. Minas, "Die KANHFOROS: Aspekte des Ptolemaeischen Dynastiekults," in Le Culte du Souverain
dans l’Égypte ptolémaïque au IIIe siècle avant notre ère:
Actes du colloque international, Bruxelles 10 mai 1995, edited by H. Melaerts (Studia Hellenistica 34; Peeters 1998). [Christina Gieske is responsible for this note.]
line 4: several Ptolemaic documents contain the location formula ἐμ Φεβιχι τοῦ , which some editors understandably (but perhaps also unfortunately; see further below) emend to read ΕΝ ...; the sequence of ΝΦ apparently is responsible for this feature. See P.Fuad 1 Univ. App 1.4.8 = P.Grad 4.8 (SB 1.5680) from Herapolis in 229 bce (if the date has been read correctly), P.Hib. 1.106.3 (Hibeh 246/245 bce), P.Hib. 1.110.r.3.36 (Hibeh c. 270 bce), P.Hib. 2.209.5 (Hibeh 263/262 bce), P.Stras. 7.641.4 (Phebichis 266 bce). Hagedorn adds references to BGU 16, BL 11, P.Heid. 08, SB 23, and Tyche 10 under Φεβῖχις, and P.Heid. 09 (with BGU 16 and P.Heid. 08) for Κωίτης.
Names in the body of the text:
The use of Μ (not Ν) before Π and Μ (lines 4 and 17) is not uncommon in Ptolemaic documents:
Note the orthography of αποτισατωσαν/αποτεισατωσαν in line 18 (editors change both ways!)
Translation:
In the reign of Ptolemy, son of Ptolemy and Arsinoe the Gods Adelphi,
the 18th year [230/229 bce],
when Kokkalos son of Euelthon was priest of Alexander and of the Gods Adelphi and the Gods Euergetae,
the Kanephoros of Arsinoe Philadelphos being Soteira the daughter of Pammenes,
the month Xandikos,
in Phebichis of the Koitos district ...
Similar texts (see especially the P.Hibeh 1 Ptolemaic contracts)
P.Hib 1.84a (301/300 bce; advance sale of wheat in the Koite toporchy -- many provisions of the document follow the formulae of loans)
... E. has sold to T. 30 artabae of wheat and E. has received the price from T. concurrently with this contract.
E. shall deliver the corn to T. out of the coming new crops from the threshing-floor in the month P. free from all adulteration by royal χοι measure at the village of P., and if he falis to deliver it E. shall forfeit to T. as the value of each artaba four drachmae, and T shall have the right of execution upon the property of E., and may enforce it in any manner he chooses. This contract shall be valid whenever produced by T. or any other person on T.'s behalf, executing it as aforesaid. Witnesses: ... Keeper of the contract is [N].
P.Mich apis 1251 (Contract of loan, 248 bce)
...acknowledges that he has received
from Zenon, the Caunian, son of Agreiophon, of the entourage of Apollonios the dioiketes,
twenty (?) silver drachmas . . .
for which he will pay in Pharbaithos of the same nome
forty artabas of . . . in the receiving . . . in the month of Pauni
in the 37th year.If he does not repay it in the time agreed upon
he shall forfeit to Zenon for the value of each artaba two drachmas;
and the right of execution shall rest with Zenon and the person bearing the note in behalf of Zenon. [Witnesses].
P.Hib 1.90 (222/221 bce; Lease)
... a penalty of 500 drachmae of silver, if there be no obstacle on the part of the state.
... guarantee the crops and what he has leased ....
(also refers to the mysterious χοι measure)
P.Tebt 31.815.fr2,r,2.25 (228-221 bce)
P.Tebt 0815 fr 4 (223/222 bce; abstracts of contracts) -- cf lines 1-29
Krates son of N.N., Macedonian of the epigone
has lent to Themistos son of Olymp[--]
20 drachmas of bronze at par, visible,
the rent being included for twelve months
from the 10th of Hyperberetaios.
And if he does not pay back within the period mentioned as is written above.
(the sentence was not finished)
Charge 1 drachma, 4 obols.
Keeper of the contract, Trochinides.
And[--], Thracian of the first men of Menelaos
from the Hermopolite nome and the fourth hipparchy,
has lent to Eutychis daughter of Tarrhios,
with her legal guardian Syros son of Zenodotos, xx of the epigone,
48 drachmas of bronze at par, legal, visible,
for 12 months from the aforementioned month,
the rent being at two drachmas per mina each month.
Security for the payment of the 48 drachmas is Syros, her guardian aforementioned.
Charge 1 dr.
Keeper of the contract is Antiphanes 100-arouras-holder.
Additional Bibliography:
Joseph G. Manning, Land and Power in Ptolemaic Egypt: The Structure of Land Tenure.
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003) ISBN: 0521819245
Chapter One available online: Download 240k PDF.
//end (14de2006); +12oc2007//
