TITLE: The Linguistic Marking of Identity among Young People in Brittany
AUTHOR: Hoare,-Rachel; Coveney,-Aidan
INSTITUTION: Dept French, Trinity Coll, Dublin, Ireland [e-mail: rmhoare@tcd.ie]
SOURCE; Revue-PArole; 2000, 14, 93-125.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: This article reports on research which seeks to establish the extent to which Breton-accented French is replacing Breton as a symbol of in-group loyalty & solidarity for young people in the region. Questionnaires, a matched guise test, interviews, & discussions (between 2 subjects) are the research instruments used to examine the attitudes of young people (aged 8-18) toward Breton, Breton-accented French, & Standard-accented French & the relationship between language & identity. Results show that the perception of Breton identity has a number of different dimensions which can be plotted on a continuum & that Breton-accented French is often a more accessible symbol of regional identity than Breton for young people in Brittany today. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 1 Appendix, 46 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *French- (25750); *Breton- (09600); *Regional-Dialects (72100); *Young-Adults (99730); *Adolescents- (00450); *Language-Usage (44600); *Cultural-Identity (16570); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Social-Functions-of-Language (79925) AN: 200110033
TITLE: Brazilian Attitudes toward English: Dimensions of Status and Solidarity
AUTHOR: El-Dash,-Linda-Gentry; Busnardo,-JoAnne
INSTITUTION: Dept Applied Linguistics-IEL, State U Campinas, Brazil [e-mail: linda@iel.unicamp.br]
SOURCE; International-Journal-of-Applied-Linguistics; 2001, 11, 1, 57-74.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The implications of the prestige & vitality of English as a foreign language in Brazil were investigated using both direct & indirect measures of attitudes & beliefs (a subjective vitality questionnaire & a classic matched guise instrument). Aspects of solidarity & status identified by factor analysis were investigated in a Brazilian adolescent population, & four statistically distinctive profiles were found. Approximately half of the subjects evaluated English-speaking guise s more favorably than those of the native Portuguese in terms of status, which is typical of the adult population, who tend to feel the prestige of English as an international language, but half also valued this guise in terms of solidarity, a totally unexpected result which was attributed to the symbolic use of English within the adolescent peer group. 6 Tables, 20 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *English-as-a-Second-Language (22100); *Brazil- (09450); *English-as-an-International-Language (22200); *Adolescents- (00450); *Language-Attitudes (41800) AN: 200108883
TITLE: Speaking Ebonics in a Professional Context: The Role of Ethos/Source Credibility and Perceived Sociability of the Speaker
AUTHOR: Payne,-Kay; Downing,-Joe; Fleming,-John-Christopher
INSTITUTION: Dept Communication, Western Kentucky U, Bowling Green
SOURCE; Journal-of-Technical-Writing-and-Communication; 2000, 30, 4, 367-383.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Within a theoretical context of speech accommodation theory, this study follows Lambert et al's (1960) " matched guise " technique in an experiment involving 72 African American students at a midsouthern university who listened to & evaluated a tape-recorded excerpt of a speech given by Jesse Jackson at the 1996 Democratic National Convention. The speech was translated into Ebonics & Standard English, after which students answered a questionnaire concerning the ethos/source credibility & perceived sociability of the speaker. The speaker who used Standard English was viewed as more credible (ie, more competent & having a strong character) & sociable than the Ebonics speaker; both of these scores were significant at the p < .05 level. Future research replicating these results is urged across other African American samples. 5 Tables, 61 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Black-English (09150); *Social-Perception (79950); *Standard-Dialects (83800); *Nonstandard-Dialects (58400); *Psychoacoustics- (68900) AN: 200108358
TITLE: Acquisition of Japanese Oral Narrative Style by Native English-Speaking Bilinguals
AUTHOR: Maeno,-Yoshimi
INSTITUTION: Harvard U
SOURCE; Dissertation-Abstracts-International,-A:-The-Humanities-and-Social-Sciences; 2000, 61, 4, Oct, 1330-A-1331-A.
NT: Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA9968311.
DT: dis Dissertation
ABSTRACT: The major purpose of this study is to explore: (1a) What the Japanese adult first language oral narrative style is, (1b) whether native English-speaking bilinguals (NEB) acquired the form characteristic of Japanese narrative style, and (2) how Japanese narratives produced by both native Japanese-speaking bilinguals (NJB) and NEB are perceived by the native Japanese monolinguals (NJM). In order to investigate the above three questions, I analyzed one hundred eighty narratives given by two groups of fifteen bilingual speakers--native Japanese-speaking bilinguals (NJB) and native English-speaking bilinguals (NEB). The prompts used for this study were earliest memories, stories of an injury, and memorable incidents during a trip. These prompts have been used successfully for interviewing adults (McCabe & Peterson, 1991), and children (Peterson & McCabe, 1983). All tapes were first transcribed Into utterances, and then broken into narrative clauses. Each narrative clause was scored as one of the following: orientation, action, evaluation, outcome, and coda. I used a synthesis of Stanza Analysis and High Point Analysis for the analysis of the current study since these methods were appropriate and reliable in reflecting the structure of Japanese narratives in the studies by Minami and McCabe (1991, 1992). A stanza pattern consisting of three-lines and "outcome," which were key elements in a study of Japanese children's narratives (Minami & McCabe, 1991), are explored in this study. Content and role of self are Important components of narrative structure, and content and structure are strongly related to each other. I used the scheme in McCabe (1996), and investigated: (i) whether the narrators told collections of experiences or elaborated on one experience, (ii) whether the subjects had a tendency to talk about their traumatic experiences or stories without any affect, and (iii) what kind of role the narrator played in each story. This current study showed the results similar to Minami's study (1993)--the NJB related collections of experiences In Japanese and the NEB tended to elaborate on one experience. The second part of my study investigates impressions of two groups of Japanese monolingual speakers after listening to the Japanese narratives by comparing them with impressions of two groups of English native monolinguals after listening to the English oral narratives. I used the matched guise technique, in which the listener can concentrate on the structure and content of the story without being biased by tone and voice of each individual (Giles & Coupland, 1991). Two groups of monolingual speakers of each language listened to the six recorded stories and rated them. Acquiring the narrative structure of second language is important in terms of one's comprehensibility in second language in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In order to maximize opportunities for the development of proficiency in narrative style among students, teachers need to become aware of the narrative style of a language. DEM: *Bilingual-Education (08750); *Japanese- (39500); *Second-Language-Learning (75850); *Language-Styles (43930); *Narrative-Structure (56150) AN: 200107629
TITLE: Adapting Data Gathering Methods to Multilingual and Multicultural Settings: An Illustration with the matched guise in Language Attitude Research in Nigeria
AUTHOR: Ioratim-Uba,-G.-A.
INSTITUTION: Dept English, U Jos, Nigeria
SOURCE; ITL,-Review-of-Applied-Linguistics; 2001, 131-132, 35-62.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: African multilingual nations are in dire need of empirical investigations that will expose the real language situations & attitudes & how these can be harnessed for development. This study attempts to show that a rich variety of research methods can serve this purpose. The matched guise is adapted to study language attitudes in Nigeria. The findings show that apart from working in a simple & direct way in Nigeria, the matched guise reveals subconsciously held language attitudes which the questionnaire or interview methods may not have shown. Descriptive statistics & paired t-test results show significant p-values in favor of British Received Pronunciation (as opposed to Popular Nigerian English Pronunciation). It is recommended that new language attitude studies in Nigeria, & Africa as a whole, should enrich their findings through the increased use of the matched guise & other innovative methods. The attitude shown towards Received Pronunciation implies that it will continue to serve as a model for English pronunciation in Nigeria. Popular Nigerian English Pronunciation will remain relevant in non-formal domains of communication. 12 Tables, 43 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Nigeria- (57910); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Data-Collection (17300); *Multilingualism- (55650); *Research-Design (72950) AN: 200106876
TITLE: An Integrative Approach to Language Attitudes and Identity in Brittany
AUTHOR: Hoare,-Rachel
INSTITUTION: Dept French, Trinity Coll, Dublin, Ireland [e-mail: rmhoare@tcd.ie]
SOURCE; Journal-of-Sociolinguistics; 2001, 5, 1, Feb, 73-84.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Explores the attitudes of contemporary students to Breton, an indigenous Celtic language whose use is markedly declining, though it is still taught in public schools. Data were obtained 1994/95 via a questionnaire, interviews (N = 62), rating scales, & a matched guise test from students at nonbilingual schools in Brittany, & used to assess their perceptions of (1) Breton vs French, (2) ethnolinguistic identity, & (3) the future of Breton as a language. Results are compared by age of R, gender, & regional location (Upper vs Lower Brittany), & significant differences found across all variables, but not in all areas examined. Of the Rs, 45% claim to have at least some understanding of Breton, though they are more likely to base their feelings of identity on regional origins than on language spoken; Rs perceive that Breton-accented French indicates Breton identity more than the use of Breton itself. Rs express passive support for the survival of Breton, but are generally no longer learning it at home via the traditional route of intergenerational transmission. Some methodological suggestions are offered for future research on language attitudes. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 2 Appendixes, 16 References. K. Hyatt Stewart DEM: *Breton- (09600); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Cultural-Identity (16570); *Language-Death (42200); *France- (25500); *French- (25750) AN: 200106874
TITLE: The Voices People Read: Orthography and the Representation of Non-Standard Speech
AUTHOR: Jaffe,-Alexandra; Walton,-Shana
INSTITUTION: Dept Anthropology & Sociology, U Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg [e-mail: alexandra.jaffe@usm.edu]
SOURCE; Journal-of-Sociolinguistics; 2000, 4, 4, Nov, 561-587.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Combining features of matched guise tests with sociolinguistic interviewing & oral performance, this study investigates the social meanings carried by nonstandard orthographies. Participant evaluations of the personas represented by nonstandard orthographies showed that people connected orthography to social identities. Specifically, we found that people uncritically & spontaneously read nonstandard orthographies as indices of low socioeconomic status. When we asked participants to read texts out loud, we found marked shifts in their reading performances of texts in standard versus nonstandard orthographies. Through a case study analysis of participants' readings & attitudes, we identify two kinds of stances taken by participants toward stigmatized identities indexed by nonstandard orthographies. Finally, we use these case studies to argue for the necessity of contextually rich qualitative research methods for the study of language attitudes. 4 Tables, 1 Appendix, 24 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Orthography- (61750); *Nonstandard-Dialects (58400); *Sociolinguistics- (80200); *Cultural-Identity (16570); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Socioeconomic-Status (80150); *Interviews- (37950); *Stereotypes- (84050) AN: 200106774
TITLE: Social Dynamics of Language Contact in Palma de Mallorca: Attitude and Phonological Transfer
AUTHOR: Pieras,-Felipe
INSTITUTION: Pennsylvania State U
SOURCE; Dissertation-Abstracts-International,-A:-The-Humanities-and-Social-Sciences; 2000, 61, 2, Aug, 593-A.
NT: Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA9960644.
DT: dis Dissertation
ABSTRACT: This thesis had the purpose of finding scientific evidence to understand the sociolinguistic makeup of the bilingual city of Palma (Spain), where Catalan and Spanish coexist. The idea was realized through an analysis of the consequences, both functional and structural, of the contact between the two languages. The first study aimed to discern the attitudes of a group of secondary school students towards the Catalan language, bilingualism, and towards the speakers of both languages. Variables concerning gender, social class, geographic origin, first language and political orientation were considered, and two scales were used to measure speaker attitudes: the dimensions of power and solidarity. A questionnaire was delivered to a sample of 54 secondary school students, who also participated in a matched guise experiment. Results revealed that Catalan was best valued in situations related to school and the job market whereas its evaluation was less favorable in social interaction contexts. In terms of social mobility, Spanish happened to be the language associated with social advancement and with power. Speakers of Catalan, however, considered their own language to be a closer, more intimate code that characterizes frequent interaction. The second study inquired about the connection between a series of characteristics of one group of adult bilinguals and their linguistic performance. Three phonological features typical of Catalan were selected and analyzed in the speech of the informants: velarization of word final /l/, voicing of word-final prevocalic /s/ and devoicing of word final /d/. It was hypothesized that the transfer of these features from one language to the other would be linked to the speakers' attitudes, identity and socialization patterns. The study was carried out using a judgment sample and the instruments were a questionnaire and a personal interview. The results showed that the status of the three phonological features was different. While velarization of /l/ in Catalan showed the typical pattern of a change in apparent time, devoicing of word final /d/ in Spanish was best explained through the degree of social exposure to speakers of Catalan. DEM: *Language-Contact (42100); *Spanish- (81800); *Catalan- (10850); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Bilingualism- (08850) AN: 200105236
TITLE: Pre-Handover Language Attitudes in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Guangzhou
AUTHOR: Gao,-Yihong; Su,-Xinchun; Zhou,-Lei
INSTITUTION: English Dept, Peking U, Beijing, People's Republic China [e-mail: gaoyihon@public.bta.net.cn]
SOURCE; Journal-of-Asian-Pacific-Communication; 2000, 10, 1, 135-153.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Presents a matched guise test that was conducted on 304 undergraduate college students, ages 18-25, in Hong Kong, Beijing, & Guangzhou, People's Republic of China in May 1997. The stimulus material was presented in four guise s: Cantonese, English, Putonghua, & Putonghua with Cantonese accent. What distinguished Hong Kong subjects' sociolinguistic identity was not Cantonese, English, or Putonghua, as found in previous studies, but Putonghua with Cantonese accent. In light of Marilynn B. Brewer's (1991) optimal distinctiveness theory, this would suggest parallel needs of "being Chinese" & "being Hongkongers." Guangzhou was closer to Beijing, rather than Hong Kong, in language attitudes. The cutting boundary appeared between the mainland & Hong Kong, not between Cantonese-speaking & non-Cantonese-speaking communities. 2 Tables, 5 Figures, 30 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Peoples-Republic-of-China (63350); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *College-Students (13250); *Cultural-Identity (16570); *Hong-Kong (32750); *Cantonese- (10450); *Mandarin- (50900); *English- (21900) AN: 200101893
TITLE: Codeswitching in Tunisia: Attitudinal and Behavioural Dimensions
AUTHOR: Lawson,-Sarah; Sachdev,-Itesh
INSTITUTION: School Languages/Linguistics/Culture, Birkbeck College, U London, England [e-mail: sarah.lawson@app-ling.bbk.ac.uk]
SOURCE; Journal-of-Pragmatics; 2000, 32, 9, Aug, 1343-1361.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Code-switching has been the focus of some sociolinguistic research in Tunisia. However, little of this research has focused on social psychological aspects such as attitudes & self-reports associated with code-switching. In our first study, attitudes about code-switching were gathered from 169 Tunisian university students using a matched guise technique. In the second study, 28 similar students completed language diaries that reported details about their use of different language varieties over several days. In the third study, employing a field experimental approach, the extent of actual code-switching behavior was observed in casual interactions with over 700 individuals in the streets. Results revealed that negative evaluations of code-switching obtained in the first study were not reflected in the behavioral data obtained in the subsequent studies that examined self-reported & actual behavior. Moreover, code-switching was employed largely with "in-group" members (eg, friends, family, & other Tunisians), but less with teachers or members of non-Arab groups. Although the latter findings are discussed in terms of ethnolinguistic identity processes, the overall findings of the three studies demonstrate that code-switching is a distinct linguistic variety, which could serve to bridge the linguistic Arabic-French duality of post-colonial Tunisia. 5 Figures, 79 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Tunisia- (91600); *Code-Switching (12650); *Language-Use (44610); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Arab-Cultural-Groups (03700); *College-Students (13250) DES: Arabic- (03750); French- (25750) AN: 200101314
TITLE: Attitudes toward Intradialect Variation in Hispanic Sociolinguistics; Las actitudes hacia la variacion intradialectal en la sociolinguistica hispanica
AUTHOR: Blas-Arroyo,-Jose-Luis
INSTITUTION: Dept Filologia Inglesa y Romanicas, U Jaume I, Spain
SOURCE; Estudios-Filologicos; 1999, 34, 47-72.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: This paper represents a bibliographical essay on the main research undertaken on linguistic attitudes about Hispanic sociolinguistics. The diversity & dispersion of the sources on a topic so relevant for the study of languages invites a critical synthesis to give an account of the principal efforts accomplished in this area in the last 30 years. This same diversity imposes a restriction on the study based on Spanish internal variation, postponing the analysis of the no less important area of attitudes toward bilingualism. Delimiting the object of study, the author examines various aspects related to linguistic attitudes, from methodology employed (eg, matched guise , questionnaires) to the evaluation of the main correlations observed in the bibliography with such extralinguistic variables as sex, age, & social classes. 25 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (80200); *Spanish- (81800); *Dialects- (18750); *Research-Design (72950); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Bilingualism- (08850) AN: 200011202
TITLE: A Language Attitude Approach to the Perception of Regional Variety
AUTHOR: Preston,-Dennis-R.
INSTITUTION: Michigan State U
PB: Chpt in HANDBOOK OF PERCEPTUAL DIALECTOLOGY, VOL. 1, Preston, Dennis Richard [Ed], Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999, pp 359-373.
DT: bca Book-Chapter-Abstract
ABSTRACT: Arguing that the results of language attitude research using methodologies based on matched guise tests may be skewed by dominant evaluations of stereotyped rather than categorical features, the attitudes toward regional variations of American English among European American college students from southern Michigan (N = 85) were assessed based on a generalized mental map of 12 American English dialect areas elicited from another group of southern Michigan informants (N = 147). In the mental mapping study, the respondents were found to rate their own region as most correct & most pleasant, whereas dialects from the South were deemed least correct & least pleasant. The college-age respondent judges, who rated 12 dialect features divided into "correctness" & "pleasantness" groups, on a 6-point scale, were found to still rate their own dialect area as most correct; however, their pleasantness ratings revealed a preference for Southern dialects over their own. The findings are related to social & age factors, broad social changes that occurred in the 10 years that elapsed between the two studies, & covert prestige attached to the "friendliness" of Southern speech; potential interpretive frameworks (eg, Ryan, Ellen Bouchard, Howard Giles, & R. J. Sebastian, 1982) are presented. 3 Tables, 4 Figures. S. Paul DEM: *Language-Attitudes (41800); *American-English (02100); *Michigan- (53550); *Regional-Dialects (72100); *Stereotypes- (84050); *Standard-Dialects (83800) AN: 200011093
TITLE: The Sociolinguistic Distribution of and Attitudes toward Focuser Like and Quotative Like
AUTHOR: Dailey-O'Cain,-Jennifer
INSTITUTION: U Alberta, Edmonton [e-mail: jenniedo@gpu.srv.ualberta.ca]
SOURCE; Journal-of-Sociolinguistics; 2000, 4, 1, Feb, 60-80.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Draws on 1995 sociolinguistic interview data from 30 speakers, ages 14-69, who had grown up in southeastern Michigan to considers the actual age & gender distribution of like in a corpus of informal US English. Findings of that study are compared with the perceived age & gender distribution as determined by questionnaire & a matched guise study (N = 40 respondents, ages 18-30 & 45-60), & analyzes specific sociolinguistic stereotypes associated with this usage. It is found that younger people use both kinds of like more often than older people do, & men & women use it approximately equally often. The perceived age & gender distribution is quite different, however; young women are perceived as using like most often. Additionally, informants guess the age of like guise s as younger than they do the age of non-like guise s, & rate like guise s more positively in terms of solidarity-based criteria, but less positively in terms of status-based criteria. 3 Tables, 5 Figures, 25 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (80200); *Corpus-Linguistics (15670); *Age-Differences (01150); *Sex-Differences (77850); *Language-Usage (44600); *Social-Functions-of-Language (79925) AN: 200010086
TITLE: The Official National Language and Language Attitudes of Three Ethnic Minority Groups in China
AUTHOR: Zhou,-Minglang
INSTITUTION: Dept East Asian Languages & Literature, U Colorado, Boulder [e-mail: zhoum@colorado.edu]
SOURCE; Language-Problems-and-Language-Planning; 1999, 23, 2, summer, 157-174.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: As the result of language planning, half of the one hundred million Chinese ethnic minority nationality population speak some variety of Putonghua as a first or second language. This study, utilizing an attitude/motivation battery & matched guise procedure, examined Kazak, Uygur, & Yi subjects' ratings of Putonghua & ethnic minority nationality languages & 12 variables in Putonghua learning/using. Analyses of the results by one-way ANOVA & a paired-sample t test show that (1) integrative orientation & impression of Beijing people are the best predictors of ethnic minority nationalities' instrumental orientation, intensity, & desire for learning & using Putonghua; (2) length of Putonghua learning alone determines how easy ethnic minority nationalities feel in Putonghua use; (3) levels of ethnic minority nationalities' contact with the Han majority correlate with their ratings of Putonghua & ethnic minority nationality languages; & (4) a good impression of Beijing people correlates with higher ratings of Putonghua. The findings provide insights into the relationship between language attitudes & ethnic relations for language-policy makers & researchers worldwide. 5 Tables, 1 Appendix, 31 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *National-Languages (56300); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Minority-Groups (54240); *Peoples-Republic-of-China (63350); *Language-Use (44610); *Language-Planning (43400) AN: 200008608
TITLE: Code-Switching: Stigmatized or Valued?; L'Alternance codique: stigmatisee ou valorisee?
AUTHOR: Lawson,-Sarah; Sachdev,-Itesh
INSTITUTION: Birkbeck Coll, U London, UK
SOURCE; Peuples-Mediterraneens / Mediterranean-Peoples; 1997, 79, Apr-June, 103-122.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Three studies examine the practice of code-switching & attitudes held by those who code-switch in Tunisia. The first explores the evaluation of the linguistic varieties Tunisian Arabic, literary Arabic, French, & English through a matched guise experiment involving 169 Tunisian students. The second focuses on the utilization of language in various linguistic journals, while the third centers on the extent to which the ethnic origins of the researchers (Tunisian Arab, white European, black African) & the language in which they ask for help from pedestrians (N = 583) influence subject linguistic behavior. It was found from Study 1 that attitudes toward code-switching were mostly negative, while the other experiments demonstrated a frequent use of code-switching, particularly in intragroup interactions. 4 Figures, 63 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Code-Switching (12650); *Tunisia- (91600); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Arabic- (03750); *Language-Use (44610); *Cross-Cultural-Communication (16300) AN: 200007132
TITLE: Evaluation of the French of English-Speaking Montreal Youths by Their French-Speaking Peers; L'Evaluation du francais des jeunes anglo-montrealais par leurs pairs francophones
AUTHOR: Thibault,-Pierrette; Sankoff,-Gillian
INSTITUTION: Dept Athropology, U Montreal, Quebec
SOURCE; Canadian-Modern-Language-Review / Revue-canadienne-des-langues-vivantes; 1999, 56, 2, Dec, 245-281.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The reactions of Francophone Montreal inhabitants (N = 116) to the recorded speech of English speakers using French is investigated. Adapting the classical " matched guise " approach, where judgments are made on the same voices disguise d under different accents, the test was built around stylistic rather than dialectal variation, using reading & conversational segments from the same speakers. Focus is on finding which linguistic traits of speech triggered the judgments of the speakers' competence & to what extent they met the judges' expectations with regard to their job suitability. It appears that nearly all the linguistic variables considered were strongly correlated with judgments of competence in French. As for reading & spoken segments, they were judged similarly, which suggests that articulatory & prosodic features play a prominent role, while French grammatical errors do not appear to do so. 3 Tables, 10 Figures, 4 Appendixes, 33 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Language-Tests (44250); *French-as-a-Second-Language (25800); *Peers- (63170); *Canada- (10250); *Quebec-French (69810) AN: 200006235
TITLE: Language Attitudes toward Varieties of English: An American-Japanese Context
AUTHOR: Cargile,-Aaron-Castelan; Giles,-Howard
INSTITUTION: Dept of Communication Studies, California State U, Long Beach
SOURCE; Journal-of-Applied-Communication-Research; 1998, 26, 3, Aug, 338-356.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A matched guise study was used to explore Americans' attitudes toward speakers with Japanese-accented varieties of American English. Non-Asian American undergraduates (N = 240) listened to a Japanese male talking on two different topics (aggressive vs neutral) using four language varieties (standard, moderate-accented, heavy-accented, & disfluent) & rated the speaker on measures of status, attractiveness, & dynamism. Whereas certain predictions based on the literature were confirmed, some surprising, yet interpretable, patterns emerged. Specifically, it was found that Japanese-accented speakers were evaluated in a manner unlike all other nonstandard accented speakers of American English, except those of British & Malaysian background. It is suggested that perceptions of social group competitiveness may be responsible for this pattern of results which, in turn, is discussed in terms of its applied ramifications. 2 Tables, 3 Figures, 78 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Foreign-Accent (25100); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *American-English (02100); *Asian-Cultural-Groups (04950) AN: 9911242
TITLE: The School Problems of Dialect Speakers in The Netherlands. A New Study and Its Public Resonance; Zu den Schulschwierigkeiten von Dialektsprechern in den Niederlanden. Eine neue Untersuchung und die Resonanz in der Offentlichkeit
AUTHOR: Van-Reydt,-Aime; Ammon,-Ulrich
INSTITUTION: Ravelijn 39, NL-7823 TA Emmen Netherlands
SOURCE; Muttersprache; 1999, 109, 1, Mar, 60-74.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Results from a study (Van Reydt, 1997) in which the influence of dialect interference on late elementary & early secondary school results among students in a northeastern Dutch city (ie, Emmen) where the dialect is relatively omnipresent & far removed from the standard language, are presented. In the study, language attitudes & their influence on grading practices of elementary school teachers, secondary school Dutch teachers, & teacher trainees (N = 15, 11, & 12, respectively, average age 43) were examined, using (1) a matched guise test in which personality characteristics were attributed to speakers of the dialect vs Standard Dutch, (2) a 5-scale survey on language attitudes, (3) a test on dialectal knowledge, (4) a grading test of student essays with & without dialectal interference, & (5) a grading test of sentences with & without dialectal interference. It was found that, although the subjects indicated in (2) that their attitude toward the dialect was primarily positive, results of (1) showed that speakers of the dialect are viewed as inferior to speakers of the standard language; results of the other tests moreover demonstrated that dialectal interference causes lower grades. The overwhelming media publicity surrounding the publication of the study is also addressed. 3 Tables, 2 Figures, 1 Map. S. Paul DEM: *Netherlands- (57150); *Teacher-Attitudes (87840); *Interference-Learning (37150); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Second-Dialect-Learning (75650); *Elementary-School-Students (21520); *Secondary-School-Students (76400) AN: 9911076
TITLE: Attitudes toward the Greek Cypriot Dialect: Sociocultural Implications
AUTHOR: Papapavlou,-Andreas-N.
INSTITUTION: U Cyprus
SOURCE; International-Journal-of-the-Sociology-of-Language; 1998, 134, 15-28.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: In an experiment, employing the matched guise technique, 22 first-year Greek Cypriot students attending the U of Cyprus were selected to evaluate the qualities of several speakers using their native Cypriot dialect on one occasion (one guise ) & Standard Modern Greek on another occasion (the other guise ). Judges' evaluations took the form of filling in a table that included 12 traits such as kindness, intelligence, sincerity, dependability, & sense of humor. Results show that the Standard Modern Greek guise s were rated more favorably than the Cypriot guise s. 3 Tables, 1 Appendix, 32 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Cyprus- (16950); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Dialects- (18750); *Greek- (29600) AN: 9909755
TITLE: Language Attitudes and Social Mobility in Hong Kong; Transliterated title not available
AUTHOR: Long,-Huizhu
SOURCE; Foreign-Language-Teaching-and-Research; 1999, 1(117), Jan, 56-62.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: This paper presents some findings of an empirical study on attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese people toward Cantonese & Mandarin in the 1990s. The findings were based on 5 months' field study in Hong Kong in 1994, using a combination of a matched guise test, a questionnaire, & a semi-structured interview. The results show that the socially more mobile group accorded Cantonese with significantly lower status than the socially less mobile group across the two quantitative measures. 3 Tables, 4 Figures, 20 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Hong-Kong (32750); *Cantonese- (10450); *Mandarin- (50900); *Social-Class (79900) AN: 9909745
TITLE: Attitudes toward English and Its Functions in Finland: A Discourse-Analytic Study
AUTHOR: Hyrkstedt,-Irene; Kalaja,-Paula
INSTITUTION: Dept English U Jyvaskyla, SF-40351 Finland [e-mail: heirhy@tukki.jyu.fi]
SOURCE; World-Englishes; 1998, 17, 3, Nov, 345-357.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: With the second cognitive revolution, a new paradigm is emerging in (social) psychology: positivism is giving way to social constructionism. Consequently, a redefinition of terms & reconsideration of methodology in research on language attitudes is argued for here. More specifically, it is argued that mentalistic definitions of attitudes be replaced with social ones, & experimentation with the matched guise technique with discourse-analytic research. These developments are illustrated with a study concerning the attitudes held by 57 college students toward English in Finland, based on their written responses to a letter-to-the-Editor that basically argued against the use of English in the country. 2 Tables, 38 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Language-Attitudes (41800); *English- (21900); *Finland- (24400); *Discourse-Analysis (19200); *College-Students (13250) AN: 9909274
TITLE: Stereotypes and Language Proficiency: An Empirical Study
AUTHOR: Spencer,-Babra
INSTITUTION: Dept English U South Africa, Pretoria 0001
SOURCE; Tydskrif-vir-Taalonderrig / Journal-for-Language-Teaching; 1997, 31, 1, Apr, 50-67.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: In order to establish the relation between language proficiency & stereotyping of the community that speaks the language in question, a study was conducted among 1st-year Civil Engineering students at U of Pretoria, South Africa (N = 42 male native speakers of Afrikaans & advanced students of English as a second language, aged 18-21). The subjects, divided in three groups according to their English proficiency, were asked to rate 10 personality aspects of two bilingual readers who each read the same text in English & Afrikaans ( matched guise technique) on a 5-point scale. Analysis of the ratings of the most & least proficient subject groups (10 each) showed that the high proficiency group rated the English guise of both speakers more positively than the low proficiency group did, & that they even tended to rate the English guise s more positively than the Afrikaans ones. Implications for English as a second language teachers who want to convey a positive image of speakers of English are described; problems & limitations of the study & its methodology are also identified. 2 Appendixes, 20 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Afrikaans- (00950); *College-Students (13250); *English-as-a-Second-Language (22100); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Social-Perception (79950); *Stereotypes- (84050) AN: 9808463
TITLE: Language Attitudes and Sex-Based Differences in Hong Kong
AUTHOR: Lung,-Rachel
INSTITUTION: Dept Chinese City U Hong Kong, Kowloon
SOURCE; Linguistische-Berichte; 1997, 171, Oct, 396-414.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Attitudes toward Cantonese & Mandarin Chinese were investigated in 1994 in a sample of Hong Kong residents (N = 103) that resembles the contemporary demographic structure of Hong Kong. Three methods were used with each subject (S): (1) a matched guise test in which Cantonese & Mandarin speech samples of a bidialectal male were evaluated on 8 reference points; (2) a questionnaire containing 8 statements about Mandarin & eight statements about Cantonese, to which Ss indicated the extent of their agreement on a 7-point scale; & (3) semi-structured 20-minute interviews in settings familiar to Ss. Factor analysis of (1) discloses two factors identified as solidarity & status with respect to each speech sample; solidarity & status factor loadings are calculated accordingly for each question in (2), & interviews were coded according to solidarity & status. Results indicate a general stable optimism about the importance of Cantonese as an everyday vernacular, whereas prestige is accorded to Mandarin as a vehicle for career advancement & a language of formal domains, including business. Males tend to demonstrate solidarity with Cantonese while ascribing higher status to Mandarin, whereas females show significantly greater solidarity toward Mandarin & are considered more likely to be pioneers in its adoption in the community. 6 Tables, 4 Figures, 26 References. J. Hitchcock DEM: *Chinese- (12100); *Regional-Dialects (72100); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Language-Culture-Relationship (42150); *Sociolinguistics- (80200); *Language-Status (43920); *Social-Factors (79910); *Sex-Differences (77850) AN: 9807234
TITLE: Who Speaks Like That? Accent Recognition and Language Attitudes
AUTHOR: Smit,-Ute
INSTITUTION: Dept English U Vienna, A-1010 Austria [e-mail: ute.smit@univie.ac.at]
SOURCE; South-African-Journal-of-Linguistics; 1996, 14, 3, Aug, 100-107.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: It is argued that in socially & linguistically compartmentalized South Africa, recognition of phonologically determined varieties of a language (ie, accents) may be a variable that should be accounted for when administering matched guise language attitude tests. A study was conducted in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape province, in which the nonnative-English-speaking high school students & native speakers of different varieties of English (total N = 277) were asked to identify three native English accents, ie, Black English, Afrikaans English, & Standard South African English. It was found that although most subjects correctly identified Black English, many nonnative speakers failed to recognize the other two accents; qualities attributed to the speakers of Afrikaans English & Standard South African English were further found to correlate with correct identification. The almost universal recognition of Black English prohibited the establishment of relations between recognition & attitude. It is concluded that accent recognition indeed constitutes a variable to be reckoned with in language attitude research. 1 Table, 3 Appendixes, 17 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *South-Africa (80590); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Language-Diversity (42350); *Foreign-Accent (25100) DES: Speech-Communities (82410); English- (21900); High-School-Students (31700) AN: 9804055
TITLE: Learner Attitudes and L2 Pronunciation in Austria
AUTHOR: Dalton-Puffer,-Christiane; Kaltenboeck,-Gunther; Smit,-Ute
INSTITUTION: Dept English U Vienna, A-1010 Austria
SOURCE; World-Englishes; 1997, 16, 1, Mar, 115-128.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: In the context of pronunciation teaching, the relevance of a standard native accent as teaching model & norm is considered in view of learners' attainment & their wishes & expectations. To test attitudes toward native & nonnative varieties of English in Austria, a language attitude study was undertaken with university students of English (N = 132). In response to the modified matched guise test, the subjects (Ss) evaluated three native accents: Received Pronunciation (RP), near-RP, & General American (GA), & two Austrian nonnative accents of English. The results confirm the low status of nonnative accents among their users & the overall preference for the three native accents. Generally, Ss rated best the accent with which they had become familiar at school &/or during stays in English-speaking countries. Reflecting historical & geopolitical circumstances, most Ss support RP as their favorite model of pronunciation. The importance of personal exposure to English in its native environments is illuminated. Although the evaluations of the students with EFL experience reflect rather rigid stereotypes, those students who have spent some time in English-speaking countries reveal more individualized, situation-linked attitudes. 7 Tables, 5 Figures, 1 Appendix, 28 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Foreign-Accent (25100); *Oral-Language-Instruction (61350); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *English-as-a-Second-Language (22100); *Austria- (06550) AN: 9802318
TITLE: Spanish and Catalan Again, Together and in Contrast. A Study of Linguistic Attitudes; De nuevo el espanol y el catalan, juntos y en contraste. Estudio de actitudes linguisticas
AUTHOR: Blas-Arroyo,-Jose-Luis
INSTITUTION: U Jaume I, Castellon Spain
SOURCE; RLA,-Revista-de-linguistica-teorica-y-aplicada; 1996, 34, 49-62.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A matched guise technique is used to investigate the attitudes of high school students in a university preparatory course in the Valencian region of Spain (N = 25 males & 48 females) toward (1) the standard (northern) variety of Peninsular Spanish, (2) Canarian Spanish, (3) Valencian Catalan, & (4) Barcelonan Catalan. Subjects (Ss), grouped by sociological variables of sex, origin, native language (Catalan or Spanish), & bilingualism, heard samples of (1-4) in a sportscasting context & rated speakers on (A) personal competence & socioeconomic status, (B) personal integrity, & (C) social attractiveness. Results show the expected correlation of (1) with (A) & of (2) with (B) & (C), typical of high & low prestige dialects, respectively, & confirm a hypothesis that rivalry between Catalonia & Valencia results in more positive perceptions of (3) than of (4) in all features. Catalan-speaking Valencians, however, evince a revaluation of attitudes toward (1) & (3) over the past decade, as Spanish is now considered by young Valencians to be the language of prestige. 3 Figures, 18 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Spanish- (81800); *Catalan- (10850); *Regional-Dialects (72100); *Standard-Dialects (83800); *Social-Perception (79950) AN: 9801720
TITLE: Attitudes to Some Varieties of Spoken Swedish; Attityder till nagra varieteter av talad svenska
AUTHOR: Bijvoet,-Ellen
INSTITUTION: Instit nordiska sprak Uppsala U, S-75105 Sweden
SOURCE; Sprak-och-Stil; 1996, 6, 39-50.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Preliminary results are presented from an investigation of attitudes towards different forms of spoken Swedish & Finnish among three test groups: Finns in Sweden (N = 77), divided into a generation that immigrated to Sweden in the 1960s & 1970s & a younger generation born in Sweden; & control groups of Swedes & Finns (N = 73 & 80, respectively).
TITLE: Understanding Language Attitudes: The Investigation of an American-Japanese Context
AUTHOR: Cargile,-Aaron-Castelan
INSTITUTION: U California, Santa Barbara 93106
SOURCE; Dissertation-Abstracts-International,-A:-The-Humanities-and-Social-Sciences; 1997, 57, 9, Mar, 3747-A.
NT: Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA9704182.
DT: dis Dissertation
DEM: *Language-Attitudes (41800); *American-English (02100); *Japanese- (39500); *Anglo-Americans (02940); *Emotions- (21600)
AN: 9712792
TITLE: Language Attitudes in Switzerland: French and German along the Language Border
AUTHOR: Weil,-Sonia; Schneider,-Hansjakob
INSTITUTION: U Bern, CH-3012 Switzerland
PB: Chpt in LANGUAGE CHOICES: CONDI
TIONS, CONSTRAINTS, AND CONSEQUENCES, Putz, Martin [Ed], Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1997, pp 287-304.
DT: bca Book-Chapter-Abstract
ABSTRACT: Results of an empirical study regarding language attitudes along the French-German language border in Switzerland, conducted by the Research Center for Multilingualism at the U of Berne, are discussed. Based on earlier research regarding autostereotypes & findings related to developmental aspects of language attitudes, five hypotheses were formulated: (1) ratings of other languages differ according to nearness to the language border, (2) attitudes of French-speaking Swiss toward the French language are more positive than attitudes of Swiss Germans regarding their own dialect, (3) attitudes of the Swiss French toward the Swiss German dialect are less positive than Swiss German attitudes toward the Swiss German dialect, (4) Swiss French attitudes toward Standard German are less positive than Swiss German attitudes toward Standard German, & (5) Swiss French & Swiss German attitudes toward French are the same. Language attitudes were examined (N = 90 German- & 66 French-speaking adults) following the model originally developed by Kas Deprez & Yves Parsoons (1987). Three language variants were used for the study: French, Bernese dialect (spoken in the canton of Berne), & Standard German (spoken with a Swiss-German accent), with a matched guise technique utilized for evaluative purposes. It was observed that the proximity to the language border resulted in a higher rating of the other language. However, not all other hypotheses were validated; it was found that only the hypotheses relating to the less positive attitudes of the Swiss French toward the Swiss German dialect were confirmed. 5 Tables, 2 Figures, 17 References. R. Meyer DEM: *German- (27700); *French- (25750); *Switzerland- (86450); *Language-Attitudes (41800) AN: 9709777
TITLE: Phonological and Syntactical Cues in Listeners' Stereotyped Perceptions of Foreign-Accented Spanish-Speaking Hispanics
AUTHOR: Pinto,-Marcelo-Franco
INSTITUTION: U Texas Dallas, Richardson 75083-0688
SOURCE; Dissertation-Abstracts-International,-B:-Sciences-and-Engineering; 1996, 56, 12, June, 7098-B.
NT: Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA9610411.
DT: dis Dissertation
DEM: *Stereotypes- (84050); *Foreign-Accent (25100); *Spanish- (81800); *Anglo-Americans (02940); *English-as-a-Second-Language (22100)
AN: 9612863
TITLE: Afrikaans-The Unwanted Lingua Franca of Namibia
AUTHOR: Fourie,-Kotie
INSTITUTION: Dept Afrikaans U Namibia, Windhoek 9000
PB: Chpt in DISCRIMINA
TION THROUGH LANGUAGE IN AFRICA? PERSPEC
TIVES ON THE NAMIBIAN EXPERIENCE, Putz, Martin [Ed], Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, 1995, pp 315-324.
DT: bca Book-Chapter-Abstract
ABSTRACT: It is contended that the adoption of English as the official language of Namibia has created small groups of English-speaking elites within the country's various language communities, disturbing the balance of power. Despite the official status of English, Afrikaans is held to be the lingua franca of Namibia's rural area. Questionnaires, interviews, & the matched guise technique were used in a 1992 study to determine the linguistic situation of mining populations in rural Namibia, & it was determined that choice of language depended on social & background factors, eg, prejudices & stereotypes. General differences in white & black culture, eg, blacks' orientation toward people & whites' oreintation toward goals, are explained. It is suggested that stereotypical thinking has led to a decline in the use of Afrikaans, with speakers refraining from using the language due to peer pressure. It is held, however, that Afrikaans is not alone in receiving criticism, & examples of typical complaints about other Namibian languages are given. It is concluded that Afrikaans is the only Namibian language currently suitable for multicultural communication. 18 References. D. Weibel DEM: *Namibia- (56130); *English- (21900); *Official-Languages (60500); *Afrikaans- (00950); *Language-Use (44610); *Trade-Languages (90800); *Stereotypes- (84050) DES: Speech-Communities (82410); Blacks- (09160); Whites- (96870) AN: 9612840
TITLE: Subjective Reactions to Two Regional Pronunciations of Great Russian: A matched guise Study
AUTHOR: Andrews,-David-R.
INSTITUTION: Dept Slavic Languages Georgetown U, Washington DC 20057
SOURCE; Canadian-Slavonic-Papers / Revue-Canadienne-des-Slavistes; 1995, 37, 1-2, Mar-June, 89-106.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A matched guise technique was used to investigate attitudes of well-educated permanent residents of Saint Petersburg & Moscow (N = 54) toward speakers of Standard Russian (StR) & two widely recognized variants, the Northern Russian (NR) pronunciation with okan'e (retention of the Common Slavic /o/ : /a/ distinction in unstressed syllables) & Southern Russian (SR) fricatization of StR /g/. Ss heard recordings of the same literary passage in StR, NR, & SR (N = 6, 2, & 1, respectively), believing that each recording was by a different speaker; however, one speaker was recorded in both NR & StR & another was recorded in all three variants. Ss rated "speakers" on a 1-5 scale on 18 personality characteristics. Results show that both nonstandard variants are stigmatized as poorly educated; however, the NR guise s were rated higher than StR guise s in a set of traits characterized as "personal worthiness." 2 Tables, 2 Appendixes, 28 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Russian- (74450); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Dialects- (18750); *Social-Perception (79950) AN: 9612832
TITLE: Language Attitudes and Their Implications for the Teaching of English in the Eastern Cape
AUTHOR: Bosch,-Barbara; De-Klerk,-Vivian
INSTITUTION: Dept Afrikaans Rhodes U, Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
PB: Chpt in FOCUS ON SOUTH AFRICA, De Klerk, Vivian [Ed], Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Co, 1996, pp 231-250.
DT: bca Book-Chapter-Abstract
ABSTRACT: The attitudes of English, Afrikaans, & Xhosa speakers in South Africa's Eastern Cape toward native- & second-language speakers of English, whose accents reflect their English, Afrikaans, or Xhosa mother tongues, are investigated. A matched guise study wherein adult informants (N = 298) responded by questionnaire & interview to readings in English by trilingual speakers provided the data. It was found that feelings about English in the Eastern Cape are strongly positive for integrative as well as instrumental reasons. Implications of the study for language education are discussed. 8 Tables, 2 Figures, 2 Appendixes, 37 References. E. Emery DEM: *South-Africa (80590); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *English-as-a-Second-Language (22100); *Foreign-Accent (25100); *English- (21900); *Afrikaans- (00950); *Bantoid-Languages (07500) DES: Second-Language-Instruction (75700) AN: 9607981
TITLE: Spanish and Catalan Again, Together and in Contrast. A Study in Linguistic Attitudes; De nuevo el espanol y el catalan, juntos y en contraste. Estudio de actitudes linguisticas
AUTHOR: Blas-Arroyo,-Jose-Luis
INSTITUTION: U Jaume I, E-12080 Castello Spain
SOURCE; Sintagma; 1995, 7, 29-41.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Valencia undergraduates (N = 73) listened to four speech samples by speakers of Northern Spanish, Tenerife Spanish, Valencian Catalan, & Barcelona Catalan. Using the matched guise technique, Ss rated speakers for personal competence/socioeconomic status, personal integrity, & social attractiveness. Results contrasting Spanish & Catalan varieties show that Northern Spanish was consistently rated high as a variety associated with personal competence & socioeconomic success, whereas Valencian was preferred for its social attractiveness against Barcelona Catalan & Spanish. Results are analyzed for correlations between attitude & Ss' sociolinguistic characteristics. 3 Figures, 15 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Social-Perception (79950); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Spanish- (81800); *Catalan- (10850) DES: College-Students (13250) AN: 9606840
TITLE: Attitudes towards Received Pronunciation (RP) among Nigerian Undergraduates
AUTHOR: Ioratim-Uba,-G.-A.
INSTITUTION: U Jos, Plateau State Nigeria
SOURCE; ITL,-Review-of-Applied-Linguistics; 1995, 109-110, Nov, 36-74.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Undergraduates from two Nigerian universities (total N = 120, aged 15-30) were examined for their attitudes toward Received Pronunciation (RP) via the questionnaire method, the matched guise method, & personal observations. A multivariate approach was used to determine general attitudes toward RP & attitudes concerning its instrumental value, its influence on integration, & its role in nationalism. It was concluded that whereas the educational usefulness & communicative effectiveness of RP were recognized by Nigerian students, a desire to resemble Caucasians was not a factor in prompting them to use it. RP might in the future be used more in the domain of the classroom & the media than in practical life, which is characterized by the ongoing Nigerization of English. Nonetheless, it is projected that RP will continue to hold a place at the Nigerian technical, social, & political spheres for some time. 5 Tables, 2 Figures, 50 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Pronunciation- (68500); *Foreign-Accent (25100); *English-as-a-Second-Language (22100); *Nigeria- (57910); *African-Cultural-Groups (00850) AN: 9603928
TITLE: Language Attitudes of Teachers: Its Relationship to the Referral of the Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Student to Special Education
AUTHOR: Ruiz-Rodriguez,-Elaine
INSTITUTION: Columbia U Teachers Coll, New York NY 10027
SOURCE; Dissertation-Abstracts-International,-A:-The-Humanities-and-Social-Sciences; 1995, 55, 11, May, 3434-A.
NT: Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA9511068.
DT: dis Dissertation
DEM: *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Teacher-Attitudes (87840); *Special-Education-Handicapped (82100); *Spanish- (81800); *Cultural-Differences (16400)
AN: 9512517
TITLE: Quebecois French and Language Issues in Quebec
AUTHOR: Bourhis,-Richard-Y.; Lepicq,-Dominique
INSTITUTION: U Quebec, Montreal H3C 3P8
PB: Chpt in TRENDS IN ROMANCE LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY-VOLUME 5: BILINGUALISM AND LINGUISTIC CONFLICT IN ROMANCE, Posner, Rebecca, & Green, John N. [Eds], Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, 1993, pp 345-381.
DT: bca Book-Chapter-Abstract
ABSTRACT: Long endangered by the status of English as lingua franca in North America, French in Canada has been characterized by attempts at language planning. Quebecois French is identical to Standard French in written form, but differs orally. The perceived low status experienced by Canadian Francophones relative to English speakers was revealed by matched guise tests; insecurities of Canadian speakers concerning their own style of French in comparison with others were reported. Factors underlying these insecurities are explored. French in Quebec remains threatened by US economic pressures toward bilingualism. It is concluded that sustained language planning efforts will be required to ensure the survival of Quebec Francophones as a collective entity. L. Hunter DEM: *Economic-Factors (20600); *Canadian-French (10350); *Language-Status (43920); *Language-Planning (43400) AN: 9512064
TITLE: Subjective Reactions to Non-Standard Pronunciations in Great Russian and American English: A Comparison of Two matched guise Studies
AUTHOR: Andrews,-David-R.
INSTITUTION: Georgetown U, Washington DC 20057
SOURCE; Language-Quarterly; 1994, 32, 3-4, summer-fall, 149-164.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A similarity between American English in the US & Great Russian in what was the Soviet Union is noted: each language has remained relatively uniform over a large territory & both countries profess not to make upward mobility judgments based on pronunciation. To test whether this latter hypothesis is true, two studies - as identical as possible - were held in the US & Russia with very similar groups (N = 54 Russians native to St. Petersburg, & 54 Americans native to Washington DC). The matched guise technique was used to ensure that Ss would react to speech variety, not voice quality. Sample speeches were chosen from Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace & from the Gettysburg Address, both written at about the same time. A list of 18 attributes is provided for each language. Results indicate many similarities between the Russian & American situations. Discrepancies in reactions are discussed. It is suggested that an impartial examination of sociocultural similarities & differences can now be more readily explored without being overshadowed by ideology. 2 Tables, 17 References. D. Aruffo DEM: *Comparative-Linguistics (13850); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *American-English (02100); *Russian- (74450); *Pronunciation- (68500); *Judgment- (39900) AN: 9508734
TITLE: English in South Africa: The Eastern Cape Perspective
AUTHOR: De-Klerk,-Vivian; Bosch,-Barbara
INSTITUTION: Dept Linguistics & English Language Rhodes U, Grahamstown 6140 South Africa
SOURCE; English-World-Wide; 1993, 14, 2, 209-229.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Like most African countries, South Africa, with its proposed 11 official languages, is faced with a complex linguistic situation as a result of political & historical events. Power is unequally distributed & in the past, race & linguistic affiliation have determined education & employment opportunities. An attitude survey using a matched guise technique was administered to adult speakers of the three main languages of the Eastern Cape: English, Afrikaans, & Xhosa (total N = 298). An attempt was made to investigate the extent to which speakers in the area were using language & accent to make judgments about people, & to examine the stereotypical views regarding these languages & their speakers, with a special focus on English. A detailed analysis of results reveals that discrimination against people may well be linked to the language they use, but that both integrative & instrumental attitudes to English & the English accent in the Eastern Cape are strongly & uniformly positive among informants from all three language groups. Despite this generally favorable integrative attitude toward English among Afrikaans & Xhosa speakers, they also revealed greater (mainly subconscious) loyalty & emotional attachment to their mother-tongue than English speakers did. 11 Tables, 4 Figures, 19 References. AA DEM: *English- (21900); *South-Africa (80590); *Afrikaans- (00950); *Bantoid-Languages (07500); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Language-Diversity (42350) AN: 9409028
TITLE: Language Proficiency and Social Acceptance
AUTHOR: Llurda,-Enric
INSTITUTION: Dept Filologia I U Lleida, E-25080 Spain
SOURCE; Sintagma; 1993, 5, 71-79.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The hypothesis that second-language learners' proficiency in the target language affects their social acceptance by native speakers was tested in a study with Catalan learners of English as a second language grouped into beginner, intermediate, & advanced categories (N = 18 undergraduates) whose reading & monologues in English were listened to by native English speakers (N = 14 undergraduates). The matched guise technique (1960) was used to produce tape recordings, & K. Woolard's questionnaire (1992) was utilized in judging the recordings. Results reveal that proficiency in English as a second language determined the listeners' perception of the speaker, especially in aspects such as education & intelligence. 6 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Native-Nonnative-Speaker-Communication (56420); *Social-Perception (79950); *Second-Language-Learning (75850); *English-as-a-Second-Language (22100); *Intelligence- (36450); *Education- (20900) AN: 9406279
TITLE: Estuary English: Tomorrow's RP?
AUTHOR: Rosewarne,-David
INSTITUTION: Kingsway Coll, London England
SOURCE; English-Today; 1994, 10, 1(37), Jan, 3-8.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Speculations are made over whether or not Estuary English, a newly identified accent variety originating in southeast England, will become the received pronuniciation (RP) of the British people. Geographical, social, & linguistic parameters of Estuary English are outlined & its development, from its identification by Rosewarne in 1984 to the present, is traced. Unique linguistic features include the use of /w/ where RP uses /l/ in final position, the frequent placement of stress on prepositions & auxiliary verbs, & extensive use of American expressions. Possible explanations for the rise in use & popularity are provided. It is suggested that this variety is valued by many Britishers because of its lack of association with any particular socioeconomic class. According to a previous study (year not given) that used the matched guise technique to measure attitudes of nonnative teachers & learners of English from 33 countries, Estuary English does not rate high internationally. Results showed Estuary English rates lower than RP, American English, & Australian English. 5 References. C. Brennan DEM: *Descriptive-Linguistics (18350); *Language-Change (41850); *Social-Factors (79910); *Sociolinguistics- (80200); *Dialectology- (18650); *Dialects- (18750); *Language-Standardization (43900); *British-English (09700) AN: 9405983
TITLE: Applied Linguistics and Social Psychology of Language: An Interdisciplinary Approach; A linguistica aplicada e a psicologia social da linguagem: caminhos inter-disciplinares
AUTHOR: Busnardo,-JoAnne; El-Dash,-Linda-Gentry
INSTITUTION: UNICAMP, CP 6045 13081-970 Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
SOURCE; Trabalhos-em-Linguistica-Aplicada; 1992, 20, July-Dec, 25-36.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Current models of second-language acquisition based on socio-psychological theories are surveyed & the construct of attitude is found to play a prominent role in these frameworks. J. Busnardo's, L. El-Dash's, & M. T. Pacheco's study (1991), conducted within the framework of social psychology of language, of the attitude toward English as a foreign language by Brazilian adolescents (N = 150) is outlined & results obtained by means of a matched guise procedure, questionnaire, & open-ended interview show the importance of research in attitudes toward second-language instruction in Brazil. It is argued that socio-psychological theories have a lot to offer to the development of critical pedagogy of languages. 2 Tables, 21 References. Z. Dubiel DEM: *Second-Language-Instruction (75700); *Brazil- (09450); *Attitudes- (05450); *Social-Factors (79910); *Psycholinguistics- (69200); *Applied-Linguistics (03500) AN: 9400238
TITLE: Hypercorrection in Response to the Apparent Merger of ((open o)) and ((script a)) in Utah English
AUTHOR: Di-Paolo,-Marianna
INSTITUTION: Linguistics Program U Utah, Salt Lake City 84112
SOURCE; Language-and-Communication; 1992, 12, 3-4, July-Oct, 267-292.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Acoustic analysis reveals that Utah English speakers produce small, but consistent differences between (open o) & (script a) in spontaneous speech & in readings with few tokens of these target vowels. In spite of these production differences, speakers believe that they normally merge the vowels. Furthermore, when speakers are made aware of the vowels, their production reflects their beliefs & they merge (open o) & (script a). The results of a matched guise experiment show that listeners (N = 74 undergraduates) rated speakers (N = 4, aged 25-45) more favorably on factors associated with Standard English when they produced more of a merger or when they gave no clue about whether they merged than when the speakers more clearly distinguished the vowels. Thus, the evidence indicates that hypercorrection is involved when Utah English speakers merge (open o) & (script a). 9 Tables, 1 Figure, 33 References. AA DEM: *English- (21900); *Utah- (93200); *Acoustics- (00200); *Spontaneous-Speech (83500); *Social-Perception (79950); *Nonstandard-Dialects (58400) AN: 9304586
TITLE: Language Attitudes and Cognitive Mediation
AUTHOR: Giles,-Howard; Henwood,-Karen; Coupland,-Nikolas; Harriman,-Jim; Coupland,-Justine
INSTITUTION: U California, Santa Barbara 93106
SOURCE; Human-Communication-Research; 1992, 18, 4, June, 500-527.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Using an independent samples factorial design, the roles of accent (standard/nonstandard), speech rate (fast/medium/slow), & age of voice (younger/older sounding) on British listeners' social evaluations of audiotaped voices was investigated using the matched guise technique. In addition, listener judges' (N = 186 undergraduates, mean age 20) level & nature of cognitive response, their interpretations of the targets' utterances, & the recognition value of messages were explored as a function of the three independent variables. Standard speakers were generally upgraded on competence-related traits but downgraded on solidarity traits irrespective of age, with older speakers being perceived as less hesitant but more benevolent than their younger counterparts. An age x accent interaction effect indicated that older-sounding standard speakers were judged the most competent & older-sounding nonstandard speakers the least. Favorable ratings were given to speakers with medium rates; slow-talking, younger-sounding speakers were particularly downgraded. All three independent variables affected ratings of listeners' interpretations of the (same) text, whereas speaker age was the only effect on the recognition of message material two days later. The cognitive response data showed that listener judges were most positive about the source when the target was fast talking & older sounding & were most negative to the fast-talking, younger-sounding, & standard-accented speaker. Findings underscore the need for further study of the important role of cognitive mediation in language attitudes. 1 Table, 83 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Age-Differences (01150); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Cognitive-Processes (12950); *Mediation-Theory (52350); *Speech-Rate (82850); *Pronunciation- (68500); *Judgment- (39900) AN: 9302126
TITLE: The Guarani-Spanish Situation
AUTHOR: Sole,-Yolanda-Russinovich
INSTITUTION: U Texas, Austin 78712
SOURCE; Georgetown-Journal-of-Languages-and-Linguistics; 1991, 2, 3-4, 297-348.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The unique ethnolinguistic situation in Paraguay is explored in surveys of two sample populations (N = 652) representative of younger mid- & upper-strata residents of the capital, Asuncion. Language distribution, attitudes, & functions & attitudes toward speakers of the two national languages, Spanish & Guarani, were investigated in light of census & other statistical data. Loadings are calculated for five factors of language usage & nine factors of communicative function; the former are correlated with social & demographic factors, including parents' & grandparents' birthplaces. Covert attitudes toward Spanish & Guarani speakers are measured through a matched guise test yielding evaluation in three dimensions, humaneness, competence, & social hierarchy. The surprising dominance of Spanish, despite positive attitudes toward the Guarani language, is related to the social & political history of the country. 32 Tables, 4 Figures, 28 References. J. Hitchcock DEM: *Language-Contact (42100); *Ethnolinguistics- (22950); *Paraguay- (62650); *National-Languages (56300); *Spanish- (81800); *Communicative-Function-of-Language (13700); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Social-Factors (79910); *Language-Use (44610) DES: Tupi-Languages (61950) AN: 9209420
TITLE: Characterizing a Minority Language: A Social Psychological Comparison between Dutch, Frisian and the Ljouwert Vernacular
AUTHOR: Jonkman,-Reitze-J.
INSTITUTION: Fryske Akademy, Doelestr 8 NL-8911 DX Ljouwert Netherlands
PB: Chpt in FOURTH INTERNA
TIONAL CONFERENCE ON MINORITY LANGUAGES, VOLUME II: WESTERN AND EASTERN EUROPEAN PAPERS, Gorter, Durk, Hoekstra, Jarich F., Jansma, Lammert G., & Ytsma, Jehannes [Eds], Clevedon, Avon, England: Multilingual Matters Ltd, 1990, pp 11-20.
DT: bca Book-Chapter-Abstract
ABSTRACT: In the first half of the sixteenth century, Dutch became the sole language used for official affairs in Fryslan; during the same period it also became the language of the upper class. By the end of the century, a mixture of Dutch & Frisian came to be spoken by the classes below the upper class. This Stedfrysk is considered a Dutch dialect, having mainly Frisian syntax, morphology, & phonology but a largely Dutch lexicon. After WWII, Frisian was revived as a high status variety. A study of attitudes toward the vernacular of the Frisian capital Ljouwert is reported: first-year teaching college students (N = 88) participated in a matched guise study. Frisian was evaluated higher than Dutch on so-called solidarity traits, eg, "tolerant" & "cordial," whereas no significant differences were found on status traits, eg, "intelligent" & "ambitious." It is concluded that Frisian as a minority language is socially categorized largely in terms of solidarity, the Ljouwert vernacular, like Dutch, primarily in terms of status & is considered of low status. 5 Tables, 9 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Dutch- (20100); *Frisian- (26300); *Social-Class (79900); *Minority-Languages (54250); *Language-Attitudes (41800) AN: 9207084
TITLE: A Taste of Kiwi: Attitudes to Accent, Speaker Gender, and Perceived Ethnicity across the Tasman
AUTHOR: Bayard,-Donn
INSTITUTION: Dept Anthropology U Otago, Dunedin New Zealand
SOURCE; Australian-Journal-of-Linguistics; 1991, 11, 1, June, 1-38.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: An examination of the attitudes of four groups of New Zealanders (N = 216 female & male high school students, university students, & older males) to eight phonetically analyzed voices: five "broad," "general," & "cultivated" New Zealanders (three female, two male); male general Australian; female RP; & male Canadian. Although generally following Gilesian methodology, the matched guise technique could not be employed, & obvious problems are present arising from the confounding of accent, speaker gender, & to some extent speaker age. Despite this, some significant conclusions were reached: (1) As has been found elsewhere, New Zealanders ranked the RP accent above their own in power/status variables but relatively low in solidarity; however, they also ranked the North American voice higher than their own accents in both power & solidarity variables. (2) The Canadian voice was predictably adjudged American, but a surprising number of Ss assumed the Australian voice was New Zealand, supporting linguists' claims that the two accents are very similar despite the folklinguistic beliefs to the contrary. (3) Both female & male judges consistently downgraded female speakers in almost all of the 12 personality traits used, even though the RP voice was female. (4) The ethnicity of one speaker was incorrectly perceived as Maori or Pacific Islander (presumably due to a "broad" accent & hesitant speech style); she was consistently ranked the lowest in almost all traits by all four groups. (5) Manova analyses of factor scores revealed that high school students rank male speakers higher than female, & "native" general & broad New Zealand accents above foreign & cultivated New Zealand voices. The university student judges significantly reversed this pattern, possibly indicating a move away from "accent loyalty" with increased age. The conclusions tentatively suggest that although phonetic accent, paralinguistic features, perceived ethnicity, & speaker gender all play important parts in listener evaluation, speaker gender is perhaps the most important of these. 10 Tables, 7 Figures, 47 References. AA DEM: *Sex-Differences (77850); *Canada- (10250); *New-Zealand (57650); *Australia- (06350); *British-English (09700); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *Speech-Perception (82700) AN: 9207043
TITLE: Yankee Doodle Comes to Town?
AUTHOR: Van-Der-Haagen,-Monique
INSTITUTION: Instit Engels-Amerikaans Katholieke U Nijmegen, NL-6525 HT Netherlands
SOURCE; Levende-Talen; 1991, 466, Dec, 528-529.
NT: Article appears in Dutch.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Pronunciation teaching in English as a second language instruction in Dutch schools is discussed, with special attention to the relationship between received pronunciation (RP) & general American (GA) pronunciation. It is noted that whereas RP prevails in schools as the norm, students are subjected to significant influence of GA through the mass media. An empirical study addressed three questions: (1) How significant is the GA influence on Dutch students & can it be quantified & specified across school type & region? (2) Are there specific characteristics of GA that are preferred by Dutch learners of English? (3) What are the students' attitudes toward RP & GA? English pronunciation of Dutch secondary school students from Amsterdam, Groningen, Nijmegen, & Venlo (N = 187), who were asked to read a list of 30 words, was read to students in RP & GA pronunciation & they were asked to indicate their preference for both listening to & using a given pronunciation type. A matched guise technique was used to investigate (3) as UK & US speakers (N = 4 each) read the same texts & students were asked to evaluate the productions on a 167-point scale. It is concluded that whereas RP maintains its prestige in school, students' attitudes are more positive toward GA in outside-school situations. 4 References. Z. Dubiel DEM: *English-as-a-Second-Language (22100); *Pronunciation- (68500); *Registers-Sociolinguistics (72250); *Secondary-Education (76300); *Language-Attitudes (41800); *European-Cultural-Groups (23350) AN: 9202649
TITLE: Triangulation and Trilingualism
AUTHOR: Jonkman,-Reitze-J.
INSTITUTION: Fryske Akademy, NL-8911 DX Leeuwarden/Ljouwert Netherlands
SOURCE; Journal-of-Multilingual-and-Multicultural-Development; 1991, 12, 1-2, 73-83.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: In a study of the urban vernacular "Leewarders" & two other languages spoken in Leeuwarden - Dutch & Frisian, well-educated elderly respondents (N = 30) were interviewed, a random sample of the city registration (N = 500) answered a survey, & another sample (N = 333) was submitted to a variant of the matched guise experiment & participant observation. The superiority of this triangulation method is thereby illustrated & the social position of the vernacular is discussed. 7 Tables, 5 References. Adapted from the source document DEM: *Dutch- (20100); *Frisian- (26300); *Netherlands- (57150); *Multilingualism- (55650); *Regional-Dialects (72100) AN: 9200772
TITLE: The Relation between Puerto Rican University Students' Attitudes toward Americans and the Students' Achievement in English as a Second Language
AUTHOR: Van-Trieste,-Robert-F.
INSTITUTION: English Dept U Interamericana Puerto Rico, San Juan
SOURCE; Homines; 1989-1990, 13-14, 2-1, Aug-Aug, 94-112.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The relationship between Puerto Rican university students' achievement in English as a second language (ESL) & their attitude toward Americans was the object of a study that used a matched guise technique in which students enrolled in ESL courses (N = 75 males & 151 females) evaluated personality traits of speakers they heard reading the same text in English or Spanish. Unknown to Ss, all speakers (N = 2 males & 2 females) were bilinguals with native-like guise s in both languages; Ss heard each guise . The influence of speakers' sex, Ss' sex, & the intersection of speakers' & Ss' sex was also investigated, as were background variables: education of the head of the household, achievement in Spanish, time spent living in the US, family income, type of university attended, & type of high school previously attended. A comparision group of students enrolled in non-ESL English courses (N = 31) was also studied. Some results were surprising: (1) English guise s received consistently higher ratings than Spanish guise s. (2) Highest ratings were given by female Ss to male speakers, lowest by male Ss to male speakers. There was no significant difference in ratings given to female speakers by male vs female Ss. (3) Ss' attitudes toward Americans (generally favorable) did not predict ESL achievement. Even the non-ESL comparison group differed from the study group in all background variables except attitude toward Americans. (4) The only significant predictors of ESL achievement found here were three background variables: the head of the household's education, Ss' Spanish achievement, & time spent living in the US. 4 Tables, 26 References. J. Hitchcock DEM: *Spanish- (so5); *Second-Language-Learning (se3); *English- (en2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Bilingualism- (bi1); *Sociolinguistics- (so2) AN: 9108213
TITLE: Attitudes towards Euskera: Using the matched guise -Technique among School Children in the Basque Country
AUTHOR: Echano-Basaldua,-Ana-Maria-de
INSTITUTION: U Edinburgh, EH8 9YL Scotland
SOURCE; Dissertation-Abstracts-International,-A:-The-Humanities-and-Social-Sciences; 1990, 51, 6, Dec, 2003-A-2004-A.
NT: Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI, in association with The British Library. Order No. BRD-90325.
DT: dis Dissertation
DEM: *Attitudes- (at3); *Basque- (ba2a); *Sociolinguistics- (so2)
AN: 9107047
TITLE: French, Wolof, and Diola in Senegal: Which Social Identities?; Francais, wolof et diola au Senegal-Quelles identites sociales?
AUTHOR: Moreau,-M.-L.
INSTITUTION: U Mons, B-7000 Belgium
SOURCE; Revue-de-Phonetique-Appliquee; 1990, 94, 41-62.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Social identities of Senegalese are established through their linguistic preferences for French or for the native languages of Wolof & Diola. Students (N = 63, aged 18) were presented with 15 scales & asked to rate affective values associated with certain keywords in reaction to listening to prerecorded texts in the three languages by native speakers of Diola, using the matched guise technique. It was hypothesized that attitudes toward Diola derive from traditional values, French from organizational, cultural, & prestigious values, & Wolof from modernist values. Ss favored expression in Diola, were biased against Wolof, & were indifferent to the use of French. Graphic presentation of the scales, or even a tendency to generalize responses, may have figured into Ss' assessments. The differences in the scales do not reflect results of other studies, suggesting that speakers who express themselves in a given nonnative language gain respect only when evidencing near-native-language competence. Political, power-laden tensions between the Diola & Wolof communities may influence results. A delay in instituting Wolof-speaking instruction in the schools is suggested. 1 Table, 1 Graph, 27 References. J. Sadler DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *French- (fr2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Rating-Scale (ra2); *Congo-Kordofanian-Languages (co12) AN: 9104353
TITLE: Changing Language Policies and Attitudes in Autonomous Catalonia
AUTHOR: Woolard,-Kathryn-A.; Gahng,-Tae-Joong
INSTITUTION: Dept Sociology U California San Diego, La Jolla 92093
SOURCE; Language-in-Society; 1990, 19, 3, Sept, 311-330.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The social significance of language planning is examined. A matched guise technique was used in 1980 & 1987 to evaluate the attitudinal consequences of language policy changes in Catalonia. The same stimulus tape, consisting of young females (N = 4) reading a text about one minute long on an academic topic, once in Catalan & once in Castilian Spanish, was used in both studies. Respondent samples in the two studies were matched as closely as possible on social dimensions. Ss in the first study were students from four secondary schools & one teacher-training school (total N = 240). In 1987, respondents were from the secondary schools. Ss (total N = 276) were not told they would hear the same person more than once. Ss were asked to evaluate each speaker on 14 personal traits, each on a six-point scale. Ss also completed questionnaires about their own backgrounds. Results of statistical analyses suggest that the new language policies have been accompanied by maintenance & possible enhancement of the high status of Catalan. Formal public use of this minority language appears to have had a positive effect on the status of the language, but to have loosened the bond between the Catalan language & Catalan ethnolinguistic identity. Possible sources of these changes are sought in the nature of the language policies themselves. 12 Tables, 1 Figure, 34 References. B. Annesser Murray DEM: *Language-Planning (la4a); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Language-Policy (la5); *Spanish- (so5); *Romance-Languages (ro1); *Ethnolinguistics- (et2) AN: 9101914
TITLE: Language Attitudes in Frisian Elementary School; Taalattitudes op de basisschool in Friesland
AUTHOR: Ytsma,-J.
INSTITUTION: Fryske Akademy, Doelestr 8 NL-8911 DX Leeuwarden Netherlands
SOURCE; Gramma; 1990, 14, 2, June, 169-182.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Following a survey of major studies on children's language attitudes, students of four Frisian elementary schools (N = 156) were used in a study in which their language attitude toward Frisian & Dutch was assessed by means of the Likert scale & the matched guise technique. Linguistic background (Frisian, Dutch, & bilingual Frisian-Dutch), age (five vs eight), & sex were investigated as factors affecting negative/positive language attitude. Factor analyses were conducted & scores for solidarity & status factors for both languages were tabulated. Language background is found to be the most significant variable affecting language attitude. 9 Tables, 29 References. Z. Dubiel DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Germanic-Languages (ge5); *Elementary-School (el1); *Age-Differences-in-Language (ag1); *Sexual-Differences (se15) AN: 9101899
TITLE: Appalachian English Stereotypes: Language Attitudes in Kentucky
AUTHOR: Luhman,-Reid
INSTITUTION: Dept Sociology Eastern Kentucky U, Richmond 40475
SOURCE; Language-in-Society; 1990, 19, 3, Sept, 331-348.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Appalachian English is associated with residents of the Appalachian mountain range, particularly in WVa & eastern Ky. It differs from Standard American English in grammar, phonology, lexicon, & intonation. A matched guise technique was used to evaluate attitudes toward Standard American English & the Kentucky subdialect of Appalachian English. Four bidialectal speakers created taped readings, with each speaker making one recording in each dialect. The content of the speech sample was designed to emphasize the solidarity dimension, telling a story of college dorm roommate incompatibility. Ss completed a questionnaire about themselves & their background & then listened to each of the eight recordings, in each case rating the speaker with reference to a set of bipolar adjectives such as wealthy-poor, educated-uneducated, & sympathetic-unsympathetic. Ss were also asked to indicate the degree to which each speaker sounded like themselves & members of their families (N = 171 university students, all natives of Kentucky). Results were submitted to factor analysis. Findings indicate that speakers of Appalachian English, which many of the respondents were, partially accept low status ratings of the dialect, but reject other negative stereotypes relating to social attractiveness & integrity. Findings also support the notion of "covert prestige," a concept that seeks to explain the tendency of male members of a community to prefer the low status variety of the language. 3 Tables, 3 Figures, 29 References. B. Annesser Murray DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *English- (en2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Language-and-Culture (la2) AN: 9101870
TITLE: Subjective Reactions of Rural University Students toward Different Varieties of Arabic
AUTHOR: Hussein,-Riyad-F.; El-Ali,-Nasser
INSTITUTION: Dept Education Yarmouk U, Irbid Jordan
SOURCE; Al-cArabiyya; 1989, 22, 1-2, 37-54.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The social status of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is examined in relation to the colloquial Arabic varieties spoken in Jordan - namely, Bedouin, Fallahi, & Madani. matched guise & semantic differential techniques were both used. A speaker able to produce all four varieties accurately recorded a short passage in each variety. Arabic-speaking students in a rural setting (N = 303) listened to each tape & were required first to attempt to identify the profession of each speaker, & then to respond to 10 semantic differential scales rating personality & other characteristics of the speaker. Twenty Ss identified Bedouin as the language spoken in their home, whereas 221 selected Fallahi, 62 selected Madani, & none selected MSA. Ss also responded to questionnaires providing information about sex, education, & socioeconomic background. Results rated the colloquial varieties such that Bedouin was the most prestigious & Madani the least prestigious; all ranked lower than MSA, in contrast with the findings of some earlier studies. 6 Tables, 15 References. B. Annesser Murray DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Afro-Asiatic-Languages (af2); *Dialectology- (di3); *Attitudes- (at3) AN: 9101860
TITLE: THE SOCIOLINGUIS
TICS OF THE DEAF COMMUNITY
AUTHOR: Lucas,-Ceil-[Ed]
INSTITUTION: Dept Linguistics & Interpreting Gallaudet Coll, Washington DC 20002
PB: xiv+307pp, CI, San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Inc.
DT: bka Book-Abstract
ABSTRACT: This vol contains an Introduction, IV PARTS, & 13 Chpts & looks at the deaf community as a unique situation bringing new theoretical perspectives to the study of sociolinguistics. (1) Ceil Lucas - Introduction - outlines a selection of empirical studies that illustrate the sociolinguistic issues central to the deaf community, reflecting aspects of sociolinguistic reality. PART I - VARIA
TION AND LANGUAGE CONTACT - contains (2) Ceil Lucas & Clayton Valli - Language Contact in the American Deaf Community - details a study examining a description of contact signing resulting from naturalistic interaction, which aims to demonstrate the sensitivity of deaf individuals to the interview situation, illustrating the dramatic effect of formality & interviewer characteristics on language production. Sociolinguistic & linguistic features of contact signing are addressed; (3) Robert E. Johnson & Carol Erting - Ethnicity and Socialization in a Classroom for Deaf Children - deals with language socialization in elementary school classrooms, examining the role of peers in language socialization in bilingual & bidialectal situations; (4) Jeffrey Davis - Distinguishing Language Contact Phenomena in ASL Interpretation - examines the process of sign language interpreting, highlighting the differences in interpreting for deaf bilinguals as opposed to spoken language interpreting situations. The interpreter's perception of the listener's linguistic competence is examined in depth; & (5) Anthony J. Aramburo - Sociolinguistic Aspects of the Black Deaf Community - demonstrates the differences between black & white signing with data from a naturalistic setting by a black interviewer, who understands the different perspective provided by black signs. Interesting findings regarding sociolinguistic identity of individual members of minority groups are presented. PART II - LANGUAGE POLICY - contains (6) Claire L. Ramsey - Language Planning in Deaf Education - addresses the emergence of signing Exact English, focusing on the philosophy & political context within which language policy decisions are made in deaf education; (7) Elizabeth A. Winston - Transliteration: What's the Message? - describes the process of transliteration in deaf education, a specific form of sign language interpreting, focusing on transliteration in educational settings. Issues concerning the relationship between a policy & its implementation are discussed. A study hypothesizing that transliterators produce signed target language messages that contain a mixture of English & American Sign Language (ASL) features is presented & five strategies are analyzed; & (8) Susan A. Mather - Visually Oriented Teaching Strategies with Deaf Preschool Children - uses the story "Three Little Kittens" to illustrate how a native signer teaches in a preschool with five deaf children with minimal communicative competence, highlighting the possible consequences of choosing one medium of instruction over another. PART III - LANGUAGE AT
TITUDES - contains (9) Barbara Kannapell - An Examination of Deaf College Students' Attitudes toward ASL and English - examines the role of language planning & language policy in the formation of sociolinguistic identities. The need for educational institutions of the deaf to have a sociolinguistic profile is explained, & the goals of an educational program of deaf students are outlined. A study illustrates that language choice reflects identity choice in deaf people. The bilingual deaf students' ambivalence toward ASL & English is documented & analyzed; & (10) Julie Ward Trotter - An Examination of Language Attitudes of Teachers of the Deaf - examines language attitudes of prospective teachers of the deaf through use of a modified matched guise method. The experiment attempts to determine the covert & overt language attitudes of Ss about ASL & Signed English, addressing also comprehension & language identification of signed sections. PART IV - DISCOURSE ANALYSIS - contains (11) Cynthia B. Roy - Features of Discourse in an American Sign Language Lecture - details the structure of a lecture & specifically the use of particular discourse markers & of constructed dialogue; (12) June Zimmer - Toward a Description of Register Variation in American Sign Language - focuses on various features of register variation in ASL, using videotaped data of a native ASL user. Models of register variation are outlined & an attempt made to produce a systematic study of situational variation in ASL is described; & (13) Elizabeth Nowell - Conversational Features and Gender in ASL - makes a comparison between male & female conversational styles, illustrating that the frame of the situation appears to be of more importance than the style differences between genders in accounting for language use. Bibliog DEM: *Nonverbal-Communication (no4a); *Nonverbal-Languages (no5); *Bilingualism- (bi1); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Hearing-Disorders (he3a); *Special-Education-Handicapped (so7); *Discourse-Analysis (di6) AN: 9009455
TITLE: The Change of Language Attitudes toward Standard Japanese in the Kansai Dialect; Title in Japanese
AUTHOR: Nagata,-Takashi
INSTITUTION: U Estadual Londrina, 86051 Brazil
SOURCE; Sophia-Linguistica; 1989, 27, 237-246.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Kansai dialect speakers' attitudes toward Standard Japanese vs Kansai dialect were investigated using a matched guise method (N unspecified) in which the same speaker uttered sentences in both varieties & listeners' evaluations of the speaker's personality were interpreted in terms of positive/negative attitude toward the language variety. The variables of sex & situation (formal vs informal) were considered, & it was found that older listeners preferred Standard Japanese in formal situations & Kansai dialect in informal situations, whereas younger listeners were positive toward Standard Japanese in both situational contexts. Standard Japanese was viewed as more appropriate for female speakers in both formal & informal situations. 5 Figures, 10 References. Modified HA DEM: *Dialectology- (di3); *Attitudes- (at3); *Japanese- (ja2); *Personality-and-Personality-Investigation (pe7); *Standard-Dialect (st1); *Age-Differences-in-Language (ag1); *Sociolinguistics- (so2) AN: 9009159
TITLE: Attitudes towards the Berlin Dialect. On the Relative Significance of Informants' Sex and Region of Origin amongst a Group of West Berlin Pupils
AUTHOR: Johnson,-Sally
INSTITUTION: 71A Monton Green, Eccles Manchester M3O 9LN England
SOURCE; Grazer-Linguistische-Studien; 1989, 32, fall, 21-37.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The effects of a listener's sex & origin on attitude toward a dialect were investigated by applying the matched guise technique, in which West Berlin tenth graders (N = 33 males, 33 females) of various origin judged tape-recorded voices reading a text passage in Standard German & dialects of Berlin & other areas on an eight-point scale of personality traits: (1) honest, (2) intelligent, (3) masculine, (4) well-mannered, (5) friendly, (6) feminine, (7) helpful, & (8) good achiever in school. Overall preference for High German speakers was found on all personality traits with the most significant preference attested in trait (8). No significant sex differences were found in attitudes toward Standard/dialect, which, however, were influenced by the listener's region of origin. A possible explanation for the lack of sex-related difference is sought in the judges' ages. 4 Tables, 17 References. Z. Dubiel DEM: *Personality-and-Personality-Investigation (pe7); *Dialectology- (di3); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Sexual-Differences (se15); *Standard-Dialect (st1); *Nonstandard-Dialect (no4); *German- (ge4); *Rating-Scale (ra2) AN: 9006764
TITLE: Attitudes and Use of Dialect as a Second Language; Attitudes en het gebruik van dialect als tweede taal
AUTHOR: Vousten,-Rob; Bongaerts,-Theo; Knops,-Uus
INSTITUTION: Nijmeegse Centrale Dialect- Naamkunde Katholieke U Nijmegen, NL-6500 HD Netherlands
SOURCE; Gramma; 1989, 13, 2, Apr, 129-151.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A study conducted within a four-year project Dialect als tweede taal (Dialect as a Second Language) launched in 1987 at the Center for Dialectology & Onomastics of the Catholic U of Nijmegen. The Attitude & Motivation Test Battery, a reduced version of B. Spolsky's identity scale (see LLBA IV/2, p. 660), & a matched guise technique were administered to speakers of the North Limburg dialect & Standard Dutch speakers (N = 40 & 111, respectively, aged 13-15) to determine their attitude toward dialect/standard, dialect use motivation/fear, & the function of dialect as a solidarity/integration instrument. The major significant difference between dialectal & Standard Dutch speakers was found in the motivation to speak dialect, & dialect speakers gave more favorable evaluations to dialect than did Standard Dutch speakers. 5 Tables, 23 References. Z. Dubiel DEM: *Dialectology- (di3); *Second-Language-Learning (se3); *Attitudes- (at3); *Germanic-Languages (ge5); *Standard-Dialect (st1) AN: 9001805
TITLE: Ethnolinguistic Betrayal and Speaker Evaluations among Italian Australians
AUTHOR: Hogg,-Michael-A.; D'Agata,-Paul; Abrams,-Dominic
INSTITUTION: Dept Psychology U Melbourne, Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
SOURCE; Genetic,-Social,-and-General-Psychology-Monographs; 1989, 115, 2, May, 153-181.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: From Howard Giles's & Jane L. Byrne's intergroup model of second-language acquisition (see LLBA 17/2, 8301976), it is hypothesized that, under conditions of high subjective ethnolinguistic vitality, ingroup members speaking the outgroup language would be treated as ethnolinguistic traitors & consequently would be downgraded on evaluative dimensions, particularly those reflecting solidarity. The general hypothesis was tested in a matched guise study in which middle-aged Italian Australians (N = 40) rated Italian, Sicilian, & Italian-accented Australian-English guise s on status & solidarity dimensions in formal & informal contexts. The pattern of results supported the hypothesis. There was an unexpected negative relationship, however, between subjective ethnolinguistic vitality & evaluations of the Sicilian dialect speaker, which was explicable in terms of an analysis of the specific ethnolinguistic context. 3 Tables, 2 Figures, 78 References. Modified HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *English- (en2); *Ethnolinguistics- (et2); *Italian- (it1); *Language-and-Culture (la2) AN: 8908369
TITLE: Change and Stability in Intergroup Perceptions
AUTHOR: Genesee,-Fred; Holobow,-Naomi-E.
INSTITUTION: Dept Psychology McGill U, Montreal Quebec H3A 1B1
SOURCE; Journal-of-Language-and-Social-Psychology; 1989, 8, 1, 17-38.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Whether language-based stereotypes of English & French Canadians have changed or remained stable following a period of considerable sociopolitical change in Quebec is examined. Using the matched guise technique, groups of English & French-Canadian Ss (total N = 111) rated three trilingual males speaking in Canadian Engish, Quebec French, & European French guise s on scales related to status (eg, educated, ambitious) & solidarity (eg, likeable, warm) characteristics. The results were compared to those originally found by J. E. Lambert et al ("Evaluational Reactions to Spoken Language," Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1960, 60, 44-51). It was found that, relative to 1960, the present Ss expressed more ingroup solidarity but that both groups continued to downgrade speakers of Quebec French on status traits. The status results for the French Canadian respondents could not be accounted for by actual socioeconomic advantages associated with English. Nor were they specific to comparisons between Quebec French & Canadian English as similar effects were found for comparisons with European French. The status results are interpreted in terms of a generalized psychological stereotype of French Canadians that is relatively immune to objective evidence. These results suggest that it is easier to change perceptions of ingroup solidarity than perceptions of intergroup status & that the former can be achieved through actions with high symbolic value, such as language legislation. 6 Tables, 29 References. Modified HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Perception- (pe3); *English- (en2); *French- (fr2) AN: 8908363
TITLE: Social Networks and the Maintenance of Native Language; Les Reseaux sociaux et le maintien de la langue ancestrale
AUTHOR: Hamers,-Josiane-F.
INSTITUTION: Centre international recherche bilinguisme U Laval, Quebec G1K 7P4
SOURCE; Revue-quebecoise-de-linguistique-theorique-et-appliquee; 1989, 8, 2, Apr, 103-114.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: An examination of bilingualism among young residents of Quebec who are first generation Greek & Arab immigrants explored the impact of immediate social surroundings & languages used in varying contexts, as well as parental attitudes toward ethnic & official languages, on the development of bilingualism in nonfrancophones (N = 720 12-year-olds & their parents). In addition to a questionnaire involving basic information about place of birth, professional position, etc, Ss were given a questionnaire about language use & attitudes, a matched guise task involving opinions about speakers of different languages, & several additional questionnaires relating to ethnolinguistic vitality, cultural identity, language attitudes, & measures of linguistic competence in French, English, & their native language. Preliminary analyses indicate significant relationships between demographic factors, cultural habits & beliefs, beliefs & perceptions of the parents, & development of language skills in the child. The relations between parents & the native language were found to be different in the Arab & Greek communities. 13 References. HA Tr & Modified by B. Annesser Murray DEM: *Language-Policy (la5); *Bilingualism- (bi1); *Language-and-Culture (la2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Afro-Asiatic-Languages (af2); *Greek,-Ancient-&-Modern (gr6) AN: 8907409
TITLE: Language and Intergroup Perception in Spain
AUTHOR: Ros,-Maria; Cano,-J.-Ignacio; Huici,-Carmen
INSTITUTION: U Complutense Madrid, E-28040 Spain
SOURCE; Journal-of-Language-and-Social-Psychology; 1987, 6, 3-4, 243-259.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: With the background of the multilingual situation in Spain, which has undergone a very rapid change in the past decade, a study is reported that focuses on the intergroup perception of social groups who share Castilian (Spanish) with their own ethnic langs, Catalan, Basque, Galician, or Valencian. A sample of 165 U students answered several questions related to lang competence, attitudes, SS, & ingroup social identity. Using the matched guise technique, they also evaluated speakers representative of the five linguistic communities. Results show that the content of social categories (stereotypes) & lang attitudes vary according to ingroup social identity & subjective vitality of their langs. 3 Tables, 24 References. HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Perception- (pe3); *Plurilingualism- (pl1); *Romance-Languages (ro1) AN: 8809075
TITLE: Attitudes of Teachers and Parents toward French and Creole in Haiti
AUTHOR: Jean-Charles,-Herve-Louis
INSTITUTION: Stanford U, CA 94305
SOURCE; Dissertation-Abstracts-International,-A:-The-Humanities-and-Social-Sciences; 1988, 48, 9, Mar, 2234-A.
NT: Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA8723027.
DT: dis Dissertation
DEM: *Attitudes- (at3); *Code-Switching (cm3); *French- (fr2); *Creoles- (cr3); *Language-Policy (la5); *Language-and-Culture (la2)
AN: 8809043
TITLE: Language Attitudes, Frames of Reference, and Social Identity: A Scottish Dimension
AUTHOR: Abrams,-Dominic; Hogg,-Michael-A.
INSTITUTION: Dept Psychology U Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland
SOURCE; Journal-of-Language-and-Social-Psychology; 1987, 6, 3-4, 201-213.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: It was predicted from social identity & self-categorization theories that ingroup speakers should attract more positive evaluations than outgroup speakers, especially when both are of equal status. However, the ingroup may be redefined by changes in the levels of categorization salient to the perceiver. In Scotland, both intra- & international levels are relevant at various times. Using the matched guise technique in three conditions, each possible pairing of Mc versions of Dundee, Glasgow (both Scottish), & Received Pronunciation (RP) Eng accents were presented to teenagers from Dundee. On ratings of speaker status, likely employment, & solidarity, there was a clear pattern of ingroup favoritism. As predicted, the ingroup accents were evaluated positively & outgroup negatively. Thus, Glasgow accents were evaluated negatively when contrasted with Dundee accents, but positively when contrasted with RP. Moreover, levels of ingroup favoritism correlated positively with measures of identification with Scotland. The data suggest lang attitudes are susceptible to considerable variation, depending on the level of self-categorization salient to the perceiver. Implications for issues of ethnolinguistic vitality & for the similarity attraction hypothesis are discussed. 3 Tables, 34 References. HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Ethnolinguistics- (et2); *Socioeconomic-Status (so1) AN: 8808989
TITLE: Social Psychological and Linguistic Impediments to the Acquisition of a Second Nigerian Language among Yoruba and Ibo
AUTHOR: Mgbo-Elue,-C.-N.
INSTITUTION: U Lagos, Nigeria
SOURCE; Journal-of-Language-and-Social-Psychology; 1987, 6, 3-4, 309-317.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Two studies examine the lang attitudes & stereotypes of the Yorubas & Ibos in Nigeria. Study 1 used an interview technique to assess lang attitudes directly, & the manner of choice of Ss (N = 288) is described. No differences were found between Yorubas & Ibos in 15 areas, but significant differences were found in six others. Results are discussed in detail, in connection with other studies, & with the importance of the attitudes in lang planning. Study 2 (N = 8) employed the matched guise technique to test lang attitudes indirectly, whether or not there is a relationship between the ethnic group of the listener & the ethnic lang used by the speaker & stereotypes of the speaker. Results indicate significantly biased & stereotyped impressions about speakers of the other group's lang. Discrepancy between attitude & behavior is noted, which limits the extent to which generalizations can be made from the findings of the research. 18 References. D. Eiler DEM: *Second-Language-Learning (se3); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Psycholinguistics- (ps3); *Congo-Kordofanian-Languages (co12); *Attitudes- (at3); *Language-Planning (la4a) AN: 8807544
TITLE: CODE-MIXING AND CODE CHOICE. A HONG KONG CASE STUDY
AUTHOR: Gibbons,-John
INSTITUTION: Dept Linguistics U Sydney, Australia
PB: ix+173pp, CI, Clevedon, Avon, England: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
DT: bka Book-Abstract
ABSTRACT: This vol, containing a Preface & 7 Chpts, attempts to develop a coherent model of code choice based on a study of the sociolinguistic behavior of a specific bilingual community of Hong Kong. Various sociolinguistic models & methods are applied to the data & evaluated. (1) The Language Situation in Hong Kong - provides an overview of the ethnic composition of Hong Kong & the langs that are spoken there. The roles of spoken Cantonese, written Chinese, & Eng in various domains of Hong Kong life are described. Lang attitudes & the factors influencing them are discussed. (2) The Sociology of Language Approach - uses a lang diary to gain information about code choice in relation to contextual factors. U students (N = 27) reported on verbal exchanges in which they were involved. The results of a statistical analysis of the data obtained were evaluated. It is suggested that this research supports a weak macro-sociolinguistic model, ie, one that holds that contextual factors influence lang behavior but do not determine it. (3) A Description of Salient Linguistic Characteristics of "MIX" - characterizes the linguistic variety consisting of mixed Cantonese & Eng (termed MIX) & attempts to determine the extent to which MIX constitutes a true code choice. The segmental & suprasegmental phonology, the syntax, & the lexicon of MIX are examined. Variation in the composition of MIX is analyzed in an effort to reveal the role of such sociolinguistic factors as S sex & education. (4) An Ethnographic Approach - applies the methods of ethnographic studies to an analysis of rhetorical code-switching & code-mixing. It is concluded that although the direct recording of behavior provides the best source of primary data, the failure of the ethnographic approach to generate quantifiable empirical data leads to problems at the level of analysis. (5) A Secular Linguistic Approach - considers the merits of a Labovian analysis of a corpus of recorded bilingual conversations. Linguistic variation is studied in terms of its relation to such factors as speaker sex & schooling, conversational topic, & the influence of the group of speakers. The sociolinguistic variables are found to be informative but insufficient to explain the full range of variation. (6) A Social-Psychological matched guise Approach - studies attitudes to Cantonese, Eng, & MIX using a matched guise experiment in which Ss (N = 66) listened to tape recordings of different langs & scored the guise voices according to a rating scale. Empirical support is gained for the hypothesis that the student speech community holds an overt attitude of hostility toward MIX, although it is covertly afforded status. (7) Speculative Conclusions - comments on the advantages of a multidimensional study of the lang behavior of a single group & discusses the picture of Hong Kong bilingualism that emerges from the results of the various analyses. A dynamic model of code choice is sketched. According to this model, social relations are continually negotiated & participant identities are revealed by code choices. Bibliog DEM: *Code-Switching (cm3); *Bilingualism- (bi1); *Chinese- (ch2); *English- (en2); *Undergraduate-School (un2); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Ethnographic-Linguistics (et1); *Attitudes- (at3); *Labov,-William (kv1) DES: Statistical-Analysis-for-pre-1988-entries,-see-Experimental-Data-Handling (st2a) AN: 8805537
TITLE: The Evaluation of Pronunciation Errors in English; Beurteilung von Aussprachefehlern im Englischen
AUTHOR: Dretzke,-Burkhard
INSTITUTION: Freie U Berlin, D-1000 33 Federal Republic Germany
SOURCE; Neueren-Sprachen; 1987, 86, 6, Dec, 507-517.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The evaluation of Eng as a second lang (ESL) errors made by German learners is discussed & the criteria for a pedagogically relevant evaluation are considered. It is noted that pronunciation deviations can be assessed from the viewpoint of the system (functional-linguistic), norm (sociolinguistic), & communicative effectiveness (pragmalinguistic). It is argued that mispronunciation can only be assessed objectively by subjecting the errors to a test of linguistic acceptability by native speakers. A corpus of 24 errors most often made by German learners of Eng was presented by means of the matched guise technique to UK high school students (Rs = 225, mean age 17) who graded the deviations for pleasantness, intelligibility, & social prestige. Results are tabulated in numerical values & used to develop a tripartite schema of mispronunciation acceptability in terms of obstruction of communication in the target lang. 2 Tables, 20 References. Z. Dubiel DEM: *Second-Language-Learning (se3); *Error-Analysis (er1); *English- (en2); *Pronunciation-Accuracy (pr9); *Communicative-Function-of-Language (co5); *Pragmatics- (pq1); *Rating-Scale (ra2) AN: 8804963
TITLE: Listeners' Evaluations of Voice Quality in Australian English Speakers
AUTHOR: Pittam,-Jeffery
INSTITUTION: Dept Drama Brisbane Coll Advanced Education, Kelvin Grove Queensland 4059 Australia
SOURCE; Language-and-Speech; 1987, 30, 2, Apr-June, 99-113.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Voice qualities function communicatively in various ways within social interactions. This study uses a matched guise technique, in which Australian speakers (N = 6 Ms, 6 Fs) producing examples of breathy, creaky, nasal, tense, & whispery voices were evaluated by Australian & US listeners (N = 1 each) on the dimensions of status & solidarity. The major results indicated that high status was accorded to M tense voice, & high solidarity to F breathy voice. Both these results are in accordance with earlier studies. Nasal voice was evaluated low in status but somewhat higher on solidarity. Nasal voice has been associated with the nonstandard "Broad Australian" speech variety. The last result, therefore, may indicate a type of accent loyalty, or be an example of the covert prestige accorded nonstandard accents generally. No nationality of subject differences were found. 5 Tables, 1 Figure, 48 References. HA DEM: *Phonetics- (ph9); *English- (en2); *Sexual-Differences (se15); *Speech-Perception (sp6); *Sociolinguistics- (so2) AN: 8804466
TITLE: Language Attitudes in Guangzhou, China
AUTHOR: Kalmar,-Ivan; Zhong-Yong; Ziao-Hong
INSTITUTION: Dept Anthropology U Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1
SOURCE; Language-in-Society; 1987, 16, 4, Dec, 499-508.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Cantonese & non-Cantonese students of the Guangzhou (Canton) Foreign Language Instit took part in a matched guise experiment, expressing judgments about two samples of speech produced by the same person but presented as coming from two different speakers. In one sample the person spoke good Putonghua (Mandarin), in the other a Putonghua heavily influenced by Cantonese. All judges tended to agree that what they thought was the better Putonghua speaker would have a better chance for social advancement. However, Cantonese judges also showed some positive evaluation of a "heavy Cantonese accent" in the sphere of personal empathy. Such empathy was stronger among M than among F Cantonese. Similar attitudes regarding a "high" (Putonghua) & a "low" (Cantonese) variant in a multilingual society are typical for most Western societies that sociolinguists have studied. They now seem to be equally typical for an Oriental, socialist society like that of China. 4 Tables, 4 References. HA DEM: *Chinese- (ch2); *Dialectology- (di3); *Attitudes- (at3); *Sociolinguistics- (so2) AN: 8804208
TITLE: The Evaluation of the Stuttering and the Non Stuttering Individual: The Effects of Leading Questions
AUTHOR: Seggie,-Ian; Wilkinson,-Jenny
INSTITUTION: U Newcastle, New South Wales 2308 Australia
SOURCE; Working-Papers-in-Language-and-Linguistics; 1986, 19, July, 38-54.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Many previous studies have indicated that evaluations of stutterers are based on negative stereotypes. A study is reported that compared evaluations of stutterers & nonstutterers produced under a matched guise technique. Undergraduates (N = 100) served as Ss in a 5 X 2 factorial design. Factors were type of question (evaluation of personality traits of speakers involved neutral or leading questions) & type of voice (stuttering or nonstuttering) in a task involving rating of specific personality traits of speakers on audiotapes. Results are consistent with previous findings in that stutterers were perceived as less intelligent, less confident, less reliable, less ambitious, & less attractive than nonstutterers. Implications in terms of clinical approaches to the problem are discussed. 2 Tables, 21 References. B. Annesser Murray DEM: *Language-Pathology (la4); *Articulation-Disorders (ar4); *Stuttering- (st9); *Perception- (pe3); *Attitudes- (at3) AN: 8802161
TITLE: Evaluations of Employment Suitability Based on Accent Alone: An Australian Case Study
AUTHOR: Seggie,-Ian; Smith,-Nancy; Hodgins,-Patricia
INSTITUTION: U Newcastle, New South Wales 2308 Australia
SOURCE; Language-Sciences; 1986, 8, 2, Oct, 129-140.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Two experiments are reported in which 2 groups of Ss, small businessmen (N = 40) & suburban shoppers (N = 30 Fs, aged 25-40), evaluated various Australian voices on their suitability for training programs for high & low status occupations. The voices were produced by the matched guise technique. Experiment 1 asked businessmen to evaluate Asian-, German-, & two (Standard & Broad) Anglo-Australian voices. Experiment 2 asked the shoppers to evaluate Asian- & two Anglo-Australian accents. The ratings of the Anglo- & German-Australian voices supported previous research. The Standard Anglo-Australian accent was rated more suitable for the high status program; the Broad Anglo-Australian accent was rated more suitable for the low status program. The rated suitability of the German accent fell between the two Anglo accents. The ratings of the Standard Anglo voice for the low status position changed from the first to the second experiment. The employers did not differentiate between the two Anglo voices, whereas the shoppers did, regarding the high status accent as being unsuitable for the low status training program. Employers & shoppers differed in their evaluation of the Asian voice. Employers ranked it equal in suitability with the high status Anglo voice. Shoppers rated the Asian voice on a par with the low status Anglo voice. The results are discussed in terms of possible differences in the cognitive schemata of the two groups of Ss. 4 Tables, 11 References. HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Applied-Linguistics (ap2); *Speech-Perception (sp6); *Pronunciation-Accuracy (pr9) AN: 8703672
TITLE: Social Attitudes among Spanish-English Speakers toward Code-Switching
AUTHOR: Anderson,-Richard-Henry
INSTITUTION: U Washington, Seattle 98195
SOURCE; Dissertation-Abstracts-International,-A:-The-Humanities-and-Social-Sciences; 1986, 47, 4, Oct, 1304-A.
NT: Available from UMI, Ann Arbor. Order No. DA8613132.
DT: dis Dissertation
DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Attitudes- (at3); *English- (en2); *Spanish- (so5); *Bilingualism- (bi1)
AN: 8703619
TITLE: The Correlation between Puerto Rican University Students' Attitudes toward Speakers of American English and the Students' Achievement in English as a Second Language
AUTHOR: Van-Trieste,-Robert-Francis
INSTITUTION: New York U, NY 10003
SOURCE; Dissertation-Abstracts-International,-A:-The-Humanities-and-Social-Sciences; 1986, 46, 8, Feb, 2218-A.
NT: Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA 8521998.
DT: dis Dissertation
DEM: *Second-Language-Learning (se3); *Attitudes- (at3); *English- (en2); *Spanish- (so5)
AN: 8606083
TITLE: Some Results of a Sociolinguistic Inquiry in Bearn; Quelques resultats d'une enquete sociolinguistique en Bearn
AUTHOR: Wuest,-Jakob
INSTITUTION: U Zurich, CH-8006 Switzerland
SOURCE; Bulletin-de-la-Section-de-Linguistique-de-la-Faculte-des-Lettres-de-Lausanne; 1984, 6, 323-333.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Summarized are some results of a sociolinguistic inquiry made in Oleron-Ste-Marie (Pyrenees-Atlantique, France) & in the Aspe Valley in July 1983. Complete results of the study were published under the title Drin de tot, Travaux de sociolinguistique et de dialectologie bearnaises (["Drin de tot": Works on Sociolinguistics and the Bearn Dialect], Berne: Lang, 1985). A general characterization of the linguistic situation in Bearn, which is shown to be a case of microdiaglossia, is given. Presented are results of an inquiry, made according to the matched guise method, which establishes that the middle-aged generation holds a particularly negative attitude toward the Bearnese dialect. 15 References. Modified AA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Dialectology- (di3); *Attitudes- (at3); *French- (fr2) AN: 8601553
TITLE: A Formal Measure of Language Attitudes in Barcelona: A Note from Work in Progress
AUTHOR: Woolard,-Kathryn-A.
INSTITUTION: U Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
SOURCE; International-Journal-of-the-Sociology-of-Language; 1984, 47, 63-71.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A matched guise lang-attitudes test was administered to a sample of 240 students in 5 schools in Barcelona, Spain, as part of a larger study of bilingualism & ethnic identity. Rs were asked to give a personal evaluation of the speaker after hearing a content-neutral passage read to them in Castilian & Catalan; 5 persons spoke, all bilingual, but varying in their accents from obviously Castilian to obviously Catalan. Preliminary results suggest that in each language group, Rs rated native speakers of their lang significantly less favorably in their second-lang guise . It was also apparent that the SS of the average Catalan speaker balanced out the effect of institutional language repression & diglossia; Catalan has not suffered a loss of respect in the eyes of either natives or immigrants. 1 Table, 1 Reference. Modified HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Spanish- (so5); *Testing- (te7); *Rating-Scale (ra2); *Diglossia- (di4aa); *Standard-Dialect (st1); *Nonstandard-Dialect (no4) AN: 8505660
TITLE: The Social Profile of a Syntactic-Semantic Variable: Three Verb Forms in Old Castile
AUTHOR: Silva-Corvalan,-Carmen
INSTITUTION: U Southern California, Los Angeles 90089
SOURCE; Hispania; 1984, 67, 4, Dec, 594-601.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The variable use of the conditional & imperfect indicative forms is examined in contexts where standard varieties of Spanish use the imperfect subjunctive. The correlations between these linguistic variants & certain social factors are examined qualitatively & quantitatively for all speakers (N = 14 Fs, 12 Ms in Covarrubias, Burgos, Spain). Data include recorded conversations & answers to an acceptability test & to a matched guise test designed to elicit subjective attitudes toward the lang variable. Results indicate that the local language variant is not stigmatized, that the youth have stronger feelings of identification with their community - an attitude that may have developed as a consequence of the recent sociopolitical changes in Spain & of the opening of the town to tourism. Increasing solidarity & community consciousness among the young generations is manifested in their linguistic norms & in their negative judgment, at the personal level, of those who do not share the local norm. 3 Tables, 26 References. AA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Diachronic-Linguistics (di1); *Spanish- (so5); *Syntax- (sy3); *Age-Differences-in-Language (ag1) AN: 8505643
TITLE: Speech Attitudes to Speakers of Language Varieties in a Bilingual Situation
AUTHOR: Ros-i-Garcia,-Maria
INSTITUTION: U Complutense, Madrid 3 Spain
SOURCE; International-Journal-of-the-Sociology-of-Language; 1984, 47, 73-90.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The sociolinguistic situation in Valencia, Spain, is that of a diglossic relationship between Castilian & the local variant of Catalan (Valencian). The matched guise technique was used to examine the social attitudes that speakers of several speech varieties elicit from a group of judges. It was hypothesized that: (1) Castilian would be most highly valued in terms of personal competence & SES; (2) nonstandard varieties of Valencian & Castilian would be most highly valued in terms of interpersonal attraction & in informal contexts; & (3) standard Valencian would be most highly valued in terms of regional ideology. The jury consisted of a sample of 311 high school students. The first hypothesis was partly confirmed in the sense that both standard Castilian & Valencian were preferred to their nonstandard counterparts. The second hypothesis was confirmed; speakers of nonstandard varieties of both languages were considered more pleasant & cheerful than speakers of the standard varieties. The third hypothesis was confirmed, as Valencian speakers were given higher regionalist ratings. In sum, Valencian appears to have integrative & Castilian instrumental value. 10 Tables, 26 References. Modified HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Spanish- (so5); *Attitudes- (at3); *Bilingualism- (bi1); *Dialectology- (di3); *Standard-Dialect (st1); *Nonstandard-Dialect (no4) AN: 8505634
TITLE: Evaluative Reactions to Panjabi/English Code-Switching
AUTHOR: Chana,-Urmi; Romaine,-Suzanne
INSTITUTION: U Birmingham, B15 2TT England
SOURCE; Journal-of-Multilingual-and-Multicultural-Development; 1984, 5, 6, 447-473.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Results of a pilot study designed to elicit experimentally evaluative reactions to Panjabi/Eng code-switching are reported. The experimental procedure was adapted from the " matched guise " technique. One speaker read 8 samples of speech that were presented to Ss of predominantly Indian origin (N = 4 Ms, 6 Fs, aged 18-27) in questionnaire form to evaluate characteristics of speech & person. Results agree with those of similar experiments done on evaluative reactions to speech in that the same speaker is evaluated in different ways depending on how he speaks. The different types of code-switched discourse were found to be related to external dimensions (eg, perceived fluency in English & Panjabi, intelligibility, & expressivity). 1 Table, 8 Figures, 24 References. Modified HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Indic-Languages (in1); *English- (en2); *Borrowing- (bo2) AN: 8505564
TITLE: Some Experimental Findings about the Question of Politeness and Women's Speech (Research Note)
AUTHOR: Baroni,-Maria-Rosa; D'Urso,-Valentina
INSTITUTION: Instit Psychology U Padova, I-35100 Italy
SOURCE; Language-in-Society; 1984, 13, 1, Mar, 67-72.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Politeness in men's & women's speech is investigated for intonative & linguistic aspects. The experimental research is conducted using Lambert's matched guise technique. The two variables "politeness" & "sex of speaker" interact in an oral request communication: in one case politeness being expressed by means of intonation (longer duration, ascending contours, lower intensity), in the other case by inserting politeness formulas. Each P+ (polite) version is compared with a P- (impolite) version (N = 24 M & 24 F undergraduates). Each S listened to one recording, & were then asked to complete a written questionnaire concerning personal traits & traits relating to SE status of the speaker. Statistical analysis was carried out on judgments with the 2 criteria. Different personality & status profiles are elicited by each version, depending on P factor & irrespectively of sex. However, the main effect upon speaker's profile is due to the intonative variable. These results support the hypothesis that politeness in speech is not a sex marker (women being more polite, according to R. Lakoff's theory ["Language and Women's Place," Language and Society, 1973, 2, 45-80]), but a status or rather a situational marker describing the relation between speaker & listener. 12 References. Modified AA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Sexual-Differences (se15); *Interpersonal-Behavior (in15) AN: 8505552
TITLE: Situational Constraints on the Evaluative Significance of Speech Accommodation: Some Australian Data
AUTHOR: Ball,-Peter; Giles,-Howard; Byrne,-Jane-L.; Berechree,-Philip
INSTITUTION: U Tasmania, Hobart 7001 Australia
SOURCE; International-Journal-of-the-Sociology-of-Language; 1984, 46, 115-129.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Speech accommodation theory deals with speech style shifts relative to interlocutor speech. Most research has been conducted in circumstances devoid of clear linguistic norms. Results are reported here of a job interview situation, in which a candidate (C) would be expected to be normatively constrained to adopt a refined speech style. Participating in the experiment were 160 Coll students aged 16 to 18. Listeners (N = 160 Coll students) heard recordings of a MC before, during & after a supposed interview, & made 44 rating scale judgments on the C & the interviewer (I). Using matched guise technique, I's accent was manipulated to be broad (B) or refined (R) Australian. Cs' accents within & outside the interview were similarly manipulated creating a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design, in which the C was variously heard to maintain a B or R accent, converge (upwards or downwards), or diverge with respect to a B- or R-accented I. Listeners' ratings were treated to principal factor analysis; factor scores thus derived were subjected to analysis of variance. Listeners' impressions were most responsive to the accent the C adopted within the interview. Both convergent & divergent upward (situation-normative) speech shifts elicited work-relevant favorable judgments, while downward (counter-normative) shifts generated strongly unfavorable impressions. There was also some evidence that B-R-B shifts appeared ingratiating. It was concluded that speech accommodation is less powerful when strong situational norms operate, & that theoretical propositions about listeners' judgments need revision to take account of this. 2 Tables, 32 References. Modified AA DEM: *Interpersonal-Behavior (in15); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Experimental-Data-Handling (ex2); *Stress- (st6) AN: 8505550
TITLE: Attitudes towards Languages and Code-Mixing in Hong Kong
AUTHOR: Gibbons,-John-P.
INSTITUTION: U Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
SOURCE; Journal-of-Multilingual-and-Multicultural-Development; 1983, 4, 2-3, 129-147.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Previous research has shown that among Eng-Cantonese bilingual students at the U of Hong Kong a mixture of Cantonese & English (MIX) is very common yet apparently disliked by its users. To examine this seeming conflict between attitudes & behavior, a matched guise experiment was conducted (N = 99). Results indicated hostility towards MIX but produced evidence that it is a useful, culturally neutral choice falling between English & Cantonese & that it may have covert status in this community. 7 Figures, 25 References. HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Bilingualism- (bi1); *Child-Language (ch1); *English- (en2); *Attitudes- (at3) AN: 8501666
TITLE: The Meaning of an Intonation in Australian English
AUTHOR: Guy,-Gregory-R.; Vonwiller,-Julia
INSTITUTION: U Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
SOURCE; Australian-Journal-of-Linguistics; 1984, 4, 1, June, 1-17.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Examined is the use of high rising terminal contour (HRT) in declarative clauses in the speech of Australian-Eng speakers. Popular explanations of this "Australian questioning intonation" (AQI) are that it expresses uncertainty or an attitude of deference or self-effacement. It is argued that a third meaning is the most probable - elicitation of listener feedback - HRT provides the listener an opportunity to intervene if there is good reason. A subjective reaction test was conducted using a matched guise technique to elicit reactions to HRT. A tape was constructed on which 5 speakers read a passage, with 3 of the speakers appearing twice on the tape. Australian-Eng-speaking Ss were asked to evaluate each passage in 3 ways: rating the speaker on a 7-point job suitability scale; estimating the speaker's age; & providing judgments on 5 semantic differential scales referring to the speaker. The first group of Ss consisted of adults evenly stratified by sex & age (N = 30) while the second consisted of U undergraduates (N = 67). Results indicated that all 3 meanings of HRT are perceived, to different extents, by listeners. The question of speaker intention is addressed & it is found that evidence indicates that when the speaker is using AQI, he is seeking verification of listener comprehension. This apparent mismatch between speaker intention & listener perception is explained by showing that the interpretations of deference & uncertainty are simply more subtle, stereotyped social evaluations of the primary intention. 3 Tables, 1 Appendix, 8 References. B. Annesser Murray DEM: *English- (en2); *Dialectology- (di3); *Phonology- (ph13); *Suprasegmental-Analysis (su2); *Intonation- (in17) AN: 8500642
TITLE: The Effects of Language of Testing on Bilingual Pre-Adolescents' Attitudes towards Welsh and Varieties of English
AUTHOR: Price,-Susan; Fluck,-Michael; Giles,-Howard
INSTITUTION: AGB Research Centre Audits Great Britain Ltd, West Gate Ealing Middlesex England
SOURCE; Journal-of-Multilingual-and-Multicultural-Development; 1983, 4, 2-3, 149-161.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Using the matched guise technique, a study was designed (1) to determine how West Welsh preadolescents (N = 64) would react to Welsh speakers reading a passage of prose in 1 or other of 3 language varieties (Received Pronunciation English [EE] vs Welsh-accented English [EW], vs Welsh [WW]), & (2) to examine what effect language of testing (Eng vs Welsh) might have on children's social evaluations of speech styles. Results showed that EW was judged less good & more snobbish than WW, while the former was rated as less strong than EE; no differences accrued between EE & WW. Two interaction effects emerged showing that differences arose in the way Ss evaluated EW depending on the language of testing. He was rated as more selfish than either EE or WW when the language of instruction & the scales were in Welsh & less intelligent than both of them when the testing situation was in Eng. Results are discussed in relation to previous matched guise research in Wales & their methodological implications more generally underscored. 43 References. HA DEM: *Dialectology- (di3); *Celtic-Languages (ce1); *Entailment- (en3); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Bilingualism- (bi1) AN: 8500570
TITLE: Social Context and Language Attitudes: The Role of Formality-Informality of the Setting
AUTHOR: Creber,-Clare; Giles,-Howard
INSTITUTION: U Bristol, BS8 1TH England
SOURCE; Language-Sciences; 1983, 5, 2, Oct, 155-161.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Using the " matched guise " technique, it was predicted that a Received Pronunication (RP) speaker would be evaluated higher on status traits by young English adolescents (N = 36, aged 12-14 years) than a Welsh-accented speaker, whereas the reverse would be true on solidarity traits. It was further predicted that the evaluative pattern would be accentuated for the RP speaker in a formal (school) context, & for the Welsh speaker in an informal (youth club) setting. Results showed that the RP speaker was upgraded on some status traits relative to the Welsh speaker & this was significantly enhanced in the formal situation. 23 References. HA DEM: *Attitudes- (at3); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *English- (en2); *Adolescent-Language (ad2) AN: 8405242
TITLE: Stereotypes of Anglo-Saxon and Non-Anglo-Saxon Accents: Some Exploratory Australian Studies with the matched guise Technique
AUTHOR: Ball,-Peter
INSTITUTION: U Tasmania, Hobart 7001 Australia
SOURCE; Language-Sciences; 1983, 5, 2, Oct, 163-183.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Four experiments using W. Lambert's matched guise technique (MGT) for obtaining sociolinguistic attitudes (see LLBA II/1, p. 103) are reported. In Australian listeners (N = 33, 99, 90, & 15), the following stereotypes were perceived: English Received Pronunciation elicited stereotypes of competence & unsociability; Liverpool, incompetence & warmth; Glasgow Scots, a relatively neutral quality; East Coast American, uncertain competence, low attractiveness, confidence, & high unsociability; Australian, good-naturedness, laziness, & ineffective character; French & German, attractiveness & (for German) competence; & Italian, incompetence, lack of confidence, somewhat low attractiveness, & high sociability. Results are considered consistent with the roles of German & Italian immigrants & a relative lack of French-speaking immigrants. Ethnic labels elicited stereotypes different from those obtained by the MGT, & it suggested that sociolinguistic stereotypes be distinguished from those obtained outside a contextual domain of life. 7 Tables, 1 Appendix, 35 References. Modified HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Attitudes- (at3); *English- (en2); *German- (ge4); *Italian- (it1); *French- (fr2) AN: 8405234
TITLE: Language Attitudes of Pedagogy Students; Taalattitudes van P.A.-studenten
AUTHOR: Munstermann,-Henk
SOURCE; Mededelingen-van-de-Nijmeegse-Centrale-voor-Dialect--en-Naamkunde; 1981-1982, 18, 75-107.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Undergraduates (N = 377) were selected from 7 pedagogy Us in different parts of the Netherlands & their attitudes toward regional & Ur dialects were measured on the matched guise -technique of W. Lambert et al (1960) & O. Taylor's Language Attitude Scale (see LLBA X/1, 7600540). Ss' gender, age, dialectal background, political preference, SES, & place of origin were used as variables, & ratings for different-situation dialect use are analyzed for each category. 8 Tables, 22 References. Z. Dubiel DEM: *Dialectology- (di3); *Attitudes- (at3); *Undergraduate-School (un2); *Rating-Scale (ra2); *Sociolinguistics- (so2) AN: 8405050
TITLE: French Attitudes toward Typical Speech Errors of American Speakers of French
AUTHOR: Ensz,-Kathleen-Y.
INSTITUTION: U Northern Colorado, Greeley 80639
SOURCE; Modern-Language-Journal; 1982, 66, 2, summer, 133-139.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Examined was the relative acceptability to native French speakers of different speech errors typically produced by Americans: errors in grammar, pronunciation, or vocabulary.
TITLE: White Listeners' Responses to "Sounding Black" and "Sounding White": The Effects of Message Content on Judgment about Language
AUTHOR: Johnson,-Fern-L.; Buttny,-Richard
INSTITUTION: U Massachusetts, Amherst 01003
SOURCE; Communication-Monographs; 1982, 49, 1, Mar, 33-49.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Examined were white Coll students' (N = 93) perceptions of experiential & narrative content vs abstract & intellectual content using the matched guise technique. Three hypotheses & one research question were tested: (1) sounding black predisposes white listeners (WLs) to respond more negatively to a speaker than sounding white, regardless of content; (2) sounding black elicits more negative responses from WLs when message content is abstract than when it is experiential; (3) sounding black predisposes WLs to describe the speaker in stereotypical terms; & (4) do WLs focus their perceptions differently depending on whether a speaker "sounds black" or "sounds white" & whether the message content is abstract or experiential? Ss completed free descriptions & the Speech Dialect Attitudinal Scale - results did not support hypothesis 1, partially supported hypotheses 2 & 3, & suggested that both stereotypical & egocentric filters shape listener responses. Limitations, future research, & bidialectalism are discussed. 4 Tables, 41 References. Modified HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Black-English (bl1); *Speech-Perception (sp6); *Undergraduate-School (un2) AN: 8403324
TITLE: LANGUAGE AT
TITUDES AMONG ARABIC-FRENCH BILINGUALS IN MOROCCO
AUTHOR: Bentahila,-Abdelali
INSTITUTION: U Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez Morocco
PB: x+182pp, AI&SI, Clevedon Avon, England: Multilingual Matters, Ltd.
DT: bka Book-Abstract
ABSTRACT: This fourth vol in the Multilingual Matters series contains 7 Chpts & provides an objective look at the Arabic-French bilingual community in Morocco, while adding subjective insights from personal experience as a member of this community. (1) The Language Situation in Morocco - describes the situation before & after the French Protectorate. Complicating factors introduced by the use of Berber & two distinct varieties of Arabic are outlined. (2) Approaches to the Study of Bilingualism - examines linguistic, psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic, & interdisciplinary approaches to bilingualism. Previous studies of Arabic-French bilingualism in North Africa are reviewed. (3) Languages, Attitudes and Views of the World - examines language attitudes through a survey questionnaire administered to adult bilinguals, & a test involving the use of epithets to describe Classical Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, & French. Attitudes toward French/Arabic code-switching are also explored via questionnaire & found to be generally negative. The nature of bilinguals' world view is investigated using a sentence completion test. (4) An Examination of Language Choice - examines lang choice in different situations & attempts to identify factors determining the choice, again with the use of questionnaire data. Factors identified include setting, interlocutor, topic of discussion, communicative purpose or mood, & type of task. (5) Reactions to the Use of Arabic, French and Code-Switching - examines attitudes toward the bilingual, relative to the language he is speaking. Judgments about speaker characteristics in three matched guise technique experiments are reported. Speaker language is found to strongly affect listener perception of speaker's character, status, & education level. (6) Problems of Language Planning - examines prospects for the future of the Moroccan language situation including several Arabization projects. The nature of the Arabic lang, & reasons why it poses an obstacle to Arabization are discussed. Findings from a questionnaire covering attitudes about present & future language situations are reported. (7) Conclusion - reviews the contrasts revealed in previous chapters. Overall tendencies in relationships between French & Arabic are described, & specific roles filled by each language defined. 79 Tables. Bibliog. DEM: *Bilingualism- (bi1); *French- (fr2); *Afro-Asiatic-Languages (af2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Language-Planning (la4a) AN: 8402277
TITLE: Black and White Adolescent and Preadolescent Attitudes toward Black English
AUTHOR: Linn,-Michael-D.; Piche,-Gene
INSTITUTION: U Minnesota, Duluth 55812
SOURCE; Research-in-the-Teaching-of-English; 1982, 16, 1, Feb, 53-69.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Described are the attitudes of black & white, M & F, Mc & Lc adolescents (N = 27) & preadolescents (N = 16) in response to tape-recorded samples of Standard English (SE) & Black English (BE). Using the matched guise technique, the BE version approximated the % of actual vs potential occurrence, as found in W. Wolfram's Detroit study (A Sociolinguistic Description of Detroit Negro Speech, Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1969): nonoccurrence of the copula, nonoccurrence of the third person singular Z, nonoccurrence of the plural Z, nonoccurrence of the possessive Z, & the occurrence of multiple negation. There was one occurrence of invariant be in the BE sample. Results indicate that BE is no longer considered the "shuffling speech of slavery" by either white or black grade school or high school students. Complicated aspects of social change over the past two decades have created a greater feeling of pride among the blacks & some changes in regard for blacks by whites. Children appear to reach the zenith of ethnic identity about the beginning of puberty. 6 Tables, 13 References. Modified HA DEM: *Black-English (bl1); *Attitudes- (at3); *Adolescent-Language (ad2); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Semantic-Differential (se7) AN: 8401830
TITLE: Stylistic Variation and Evaluative Reactions to Speech: Problems in the Investigation of Linguistic Attitudes in Scotland
AUTHOR: Romaine,-Suzanne
INSTITUTION: U Birmingham, B15 2TT England
SOURCE; Language-and-Speech; 1980, 23, 3, July-Sept, 213-232.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Described are some difficulties involved in conducting lang evaluation tests in Edinburgh, Scotland, & some results of a pilot study. Speech samples, obtained from 6 speakers, each reading a text & speaking casually, were presented to 10 Ss using Lambert's matched guise technique. Ss were asked to evaluate speakers in terms of paired characteristics on a semantic differential scale. As in other evaluation experiments, responses to linguistic behavior appeared to be mediated through the reaction to social groups. In this case, two evaluation dimensions were highly salient: perceived identity of the speaker & how the speaker's speech style was evaluated in two contexts. 4 Tables, 4 Figures, Appendix. HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Attitudes- (at3); *Stylistics- (st11) AN: 8304974
TITLE: Socioeconomic Rivalry and National Competence in Ivory Coast
AUTHOR: Partmann,-Gayle-H.
INSTITUTION: Oakland U, Rochester MI 48063
SOURCE; Journal-of-Social-Psychology; 1979, 107, 2, Apr, 149-160.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: French is the national language of the Ivory Coast, although it is a multilingual nation. Since French remains essential for economic advancement, Ivorians have been expected in the past to be sensitive to variations in French competence as a sociolinguistic marker. Using a modified matched guise technique, 3 groups of adult Ms were tested (N = 30). Ss had no formal education, had completed primary school, or had completed tenth grade. Ss heard tapes of 12 speakers & rated them according to job status, education, personality, intelligence, & ethnic group membership. Ss also responded to an attitude survey about language use in the country. Comparison of actual speaker identity & R assessments implied that achievement judgments were made first, with ethnic labels assigned later on the basis of existing ethnic stereotypes. Results indicated the emergence of positive but not negative norms, in contrast to findings in previous studies in the US & Canada. Economic factors may play an important part in overcoming negative ethnic stereotypes. Modified HA DEM: *French- (fr2); *Sociolinguistics- (so2) AN: 8303271
TITLE: Accent and Lexical Diversity as Determinants of Impression Formation and Perceived Employment Suitability
AUTHOR: Giles,-Howard; Wilson,-Pamela; Conway,-Anthony
INSTITUTION: U Bristol, BS8 1TH England
SOURCE; Language-Sciences; 1981, 3, 1(53), Apr, 91-103.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: An attempt to determine whether individuals' speech styles would affect their perceived suitability for various jobs. Four versions of a stimulus tape were recorded of a candidate in a supposed job interview. Using the matched guise technique in a 2 X 2 factorial design, a bidialectal speaker taped essentially the same passage in a (standard) Received Pronunciation (RP) & (nonstandard) Welsh accent, while showing either high or low lexical diversity. Four groups of undergraduates (total = 60) each heard only 1 tape, rated the personality of their speaker, & made assessements of his suitability for each of four jobs. Personality ratings of accented speakers confirmed previous work whereas, quite unexpectedly, low rather than high diversity speakers were perceived as more agreeable & goodnatured. The three lowest status jobs were seen as significantly more suitable for nonstandard- than standard-accented speakers & those using low rather than high diversity. In a follow-up study, where judgments related to higher status jobs, RP speakers were rated as more suitable than their nonstandard-accented counterparts. The pragmatic significance of these findings are highlighted & discussed in the context of related North American data. HA DEM: *Interpersonal-Behavior (in15); *Register- (re8); *Judgment-Tasks (jd1); *Perception- (pe3); *Discourse-Analysis (di6); *Dialectology- (di3) AN: 8303201
TITLE: Language Use in a Bilingual West Indian Community: Analysis of Behavior and Attitudes
AUTHOR: Lieberman,-Dena
INSTITUTION: U Missouri, Columbia 65201
SOURCE; Ethos; 1978, 6, 4, winter, 221-241.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The island of Saint Lucia is bilingual, with English & French Creole the principal langs. Only some data gathered in the study, using the matched guise technique, are reported here. Little overall correspondence is found between the phenomenal order of language behavior & the ideational order of language attitudes on the island. Each appears to relate to a different aspect of lang. The importance of examining the specific nature of the relationship between the two in situations of rapid change, eg, the situation examined here, is noted. 6 Tables. B. Annesser DEM: *Bilingualism- (bi1); *English- (en2); *French- (fr2); *Attitudes- (at3) AN: 8202435
TITLE: Perceived Masculinity, Androgyny and Accented Speech
AUTHOR: Giles,-Howard; Marsh,-Patricia
INSTITUTION: U Bristol, BS8 1TH England
SOURCE; Language-Sciences; 1979, 1, 2(50), Sept, 301-315.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A recent empirical study in GB showed that standard accented (Received Pronunciation [RP]) F speakers were evaluated on tapes as more masculine in their attributed sex traits (positive & negative), yet rated higher on the dimension of femininity relative to their nonstandard accented (Lancashire) counterparts. In an experiment to replicate these findings, listener judges (25 Bristol U students of each sex) were asked to infer personality characteristics from 2 M & 2 F Mc bidialectical (RP & South Wales) stimulus voices, using only speech cues. The stimuli tape was played to groups of between 5 & 12 Ss each; listeners evaluated speakers by rating scales based on competence, social attractiveness, & stereotypical favorable & unfavorable M & F traits. Using the matched guise technique, it was found that RP speakers, irrespective of sex, were rated as more competent, liberated, & masculine in their sex traits than South Welsh speakers by English listeners of both sexes. This casts doubt on the notion that nonprestige is associated with masculinity. Data are interpreted as suggesting that the F RP accent may be a voice of perceived androgyny. 2 Tables. HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Pronunciation-Accuracy (pr9); *Sexual-Differences (se15); *Personality-and-Personality-Investigation (pe7); *Perception- (pe3); *English- (en2); *Rating-Scale (ra2) AN: 8106010
TITLE: Developmental Communicative Competence and Attitudes in Education
AUTHOR: Van-de-Craen,-Pete
INSTITUTION: Vrije U Bruxelles, B-1050 Belgium
SOURCE; Bulletin-CILA; 1980, 31, 34-48.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The notion of communicative competence is considered from a lang educational perspective in the diglossic area of Flanders, Belgium. It is argued that the term communicative competence can best be understood as communicative performance, ie, as an interaction process between speech diversities governed by attitudinal & situational constraints. The empirical project conducted in a primary school consisted of an attitude measurement technique ( matched guise ) & a vocabulary test used to examine the pupils' readiness to switch to dialect in a particular situation. Results indicate that (1) there is a clear connection between the range of attitudes & linguistic output, & (2) this connection varies according to age. This reinforces the more general hypotheses that (A) the sociolinguistic awareness of children starts earlier than was previously thought, & (B) sociolinguistic insights into language strategies seem to benefit more from small- than from large-scale research. 1 Table, 1 Diagram. Modified AA DEM: *Competence-and-Performance (co7); *Bilingualism- (bi1); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Germanic-Languages (ge5); *Age-Differences-in-Language (ag1) AN: 8103686
TITLE: Language Attitudes and the Achievement of Bilingual Pupils in English Language Arts
AUTHOR: Ramirez,-Arnulfo-G.; Arce-Torres,-Edgardo; Politzer,-Robert-L.
INSTITUTION: Stanford U, CA 94305
SOURCE; Bilingual-Review / revista-bilingue; 1978, 5, 3, Sept-Dec, 190-206.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A matched guise technique that required Ss (279 bilingual Sp/Eng fourth & fifth graders & their 18 teachers) to register reaction to the taped voices of the same individuals using different speech varieties, or guise s, was used to measure both pupils' & teachers' attitudes toward various speech varieties. Varieties used were standard Eng, two types of hispanicized Eng, a mixture of English & Spanish (code switching), & standard Sp (for pupils only). Ss judged the guise s on appropriateness for school, correctness, & the speaker's likelihood to achieve in school. Participating pupils' achievement in English language arts was measured by a relative gain score in reading, grades in reading & English assigned by individual teachers, & pupil performance on oral Sp/Eng proficiency tests. It was found that: (1) In general teachers & pupils agreed in rating standard English higher than other speech varieties; one exception was a group of teachers involved in a year-long special project who ranked the achievement potential of code-switchers as equivalent to that of speakers of standard Eng. (2) Attitudes were not changed in the desired direction by teachers' workshops dealing with sociolinguistic concepts of speech variation. (3) Pupil evaluation of standard English over other varieties was positively related to the pupils' achievement on some measures. (4) Teachers' attitudes toward code-switching appeared to have a negative relation to their pupils' relative gains in reading as measured by objective tests, & to the Eng grades assigned by the teachers. 5 Tables. Modified HA DEM: *Bilingualism- (bi1); *Emotion- (em2); *Spanish- (so5) AN: 8100380
TITLE: Students' Reactions to Irish Regional Accents
AUTHOR: Edwards,-J.-R.
INSTITUTION: Saint Francis Xavier U, Antigonish Nova Scotia
SOURCE; Language-and-Speech; 1977, 20, 3, July-Sept, 280-286.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A matched guise technique was used to investigate reactions of Dublin secondary school students to accents. A professional actor read a brief passage using five regional Irish accents: Galway, Cork, Cavan, Dublin, & Donegal. Ss (N = 178) from different social strata consistently rated the Donegal guise most favorably on traits reflecting "competence." The Dublin speaker was perceived least favorably on these traits, & the Cork, Cavan, & Galway guise s were in the middle ranks. Evaluations were more varied on other dimensions, although the Dublin speaker was, with the Galway guise , rated most favorably in terms of "social attractiveness." Implications of these findings are discussed regarding regional stereotypes in general, & specifically the study of teacher-pupil dynamics. 1 Table. Modified HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Pronunciation-Accuracy (pr9); *Dialectology- (di3); *Interpersonal-Behavior (in15) AN: 7904136
TITLE: Indonesian Learners' Attitudes Towards Speakers of English
AUTHOR: Gould,-Philip
INSTITUTION: IKIP, Yogyakarta Indonesia
SOURCE; RELC-Journal; 1977, 8, 2, Dec, 69-84.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Portions of a project to test attitudes of Indonesian students toward English & English speakers are reported. Testing was conducted using a " matched guise " technique, in which bilingual speakers recorded passages in both Indonesian & Eng. Ss rated each speaker on several personality characteristics. Four speakers were used in the recording phase, & three S groups rated the recordings. Group A were junior high school students (N = 26), Group B high school students (N = 31), & Group C students in a teacher-training program (N = 35). A six-point rating scale with no neutral position was used. The hypothesis that evaluation of English speakers would become more positive with age was not entirely supported, since a decline was found in the middle group. No r was found between attitude scores & sex. In general, the attitude toward English speakers was found to be much more favorable than had been expected. There was a considerable stereotype difference between groups, probably reflecting a late term period of strong ethnocentrism. Attitude research can make many contributions to language teaching program development in Indonesia. 5 Tables. B. Annesser DEM: *Attention- (at1); *Second-Language-Learning (se3); *English- (en2); *Personality-and-Personality-Investigation (pe7); *Rating-Scale (ra2); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Applied-Linguistics (ap2) AN: 7900381
TITLE: Measuring Language Biases in Belgium
AUTHOR: Vermeire,-A.-R.
INSTITUTION: 33 Melkvoestr, 3500 Hasselt Belgium
AS: Fifth International Congress of Applied Linguistics (AILA). 1978.
DT: asp Association-Paper
ABSTRACT: In 1963 a parliamentary decree detached the canton of Comines in Belgium from Flanders, the Dutch-speaking community, & added it to Wallonia, the Fr-speaking community. The administration, education, & religion of that canton adopted French as the only official lang; their attitude was rather hostile towards the Flemings & their lang. A diglossic situation was the outcome of this policy: Flemish Dutch became the low status language & French the cultural language par excellence. It was hypothesized that Comines schoolchildren who have had French as their first lang would have a stereotyped negative affective attitude towards the Flemings' lang. In a study to confirm or reject this hypothesis, W. E. Lambert's ' matched guise ' technique was used. There were two variables--lang (Fr vs. Dutch) & content (pro-Fr argument vs pro-Dutch argument). Four different bilingual persons were asked to read two texts each, one in Dutch & one in Fr. In testing the language variable, a text neutral with regard to Belgium's linguistic problem was chosen. To examine feelings towards linguistic problems in Belgium, a French text favoring a monolingual French situation & a French text biased in favor of the Flemish lang were chosen. The readings were recorded & mixed; they were then administered to 60 pupils (average age 17.5), who were told the test was a sociopsychological experiment on whether it is possible to evaluate a speaker's personality characteristics by listening to his voice. Rating scales for judging the voices' personalities were constructed according to the semantic differential. Results indicated French was judged more favorably for all voices; the content variable showed less differentiation. Results obtained by the matched guise technique were compared with results from a questionnaire added to the test. According to the questionnaire, young people from Mc & Uc origin only speak French at home & French is their favorite lang, whereas pupils with a Wc background often speak (Flemish) Dutch at home, though they see themselves as being more fluent in Fr. These results confirm the success of the French speaking community's policy in Comines. DEM: *Germanic-Languages (ge5); *Binaural-Stimulation (bi2); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Attention- (at1); *Semantic-Differential (se7); *French- (fr2) AN: 78S00407
TITLE: Franco-Ontarian Students' Perceptions of Stylistic Appropriateness in French A
AUTHOR: Schneiderman,-E.; Walker,-D.C.
INSTITUTION: U Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5
AS: Fifth International Congress of Applied Linguistics (AILA). 1978.
DT: asp Association-Paper
ABSTRACT: The observation that Franco-Ontarian coll students do not make appropriate stylistic shifts in spoken French led to the question of whether they are aware of & capable of differentiating between different stylistic levels in Fr. The instrument used is based on the matched guise technique. The texts consist of several topics appropriate to different stylistic levels. Three rough stylistic divisions based on linguistic & sociolinguistic criteria have been made: 'high', 'medium', & 'low'. The persons chosen to perform the passages are native French speakers capable of the required stylistic shifts. Ss (first year U of Ottawa students) will be asked to listen to the short recorded passages & their reactions will be assessed by a series of semantic differential scales. It is hypothesized that the students will not react in a consistently negative manner to anomalous usage. In responding to the matched guise test they will probably exhibit the same stylistic preferences shown by the semantic differential scales used to measure their attitudes to speakers of different styles of Fr. Appropriateness of topic will have no significant effect on their responses. If the hypothesis is correct, much work must be done in Fr-lang instruction in Ontario to prevent loss of stylistic flexibility. DEM: *Stylistics- (st11); *French- (fr2); *Semantic-Differential (se7); *Attention- (at1) AN: 78S00336
TITLE: Language Attitude Studies: Potential Uses in New Zealand
AUTHOR: Holmes,-Janet
INSTITUTION: Victoria U Wellington, Private Bag New Zealand
SOURCE; Kivung; 1973, 6, 3, Dec, 131-146.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: An attempt is made at clarifying the complex linguistic-educational situation in New Zealand by examining several sociolinguistic techniques designed to elicit attitudes toward speech codes. Whereas questionnaires supply the most commonly used method, it is seen that they usually supply information about what people think they do or ought to do. A questionnaire avoiding this can be constructed, however, by eliciting willingness responses to do a proposed action. This technique can be used to determine the attitudes of Maoris & Pakehas toward a revival of Maori. A social-psychological attitude study can determine such factors as whether a listener identifies a speaker's social status by speech alone & what varieties of speech constitute a given dialect. In this approach, lang is seen as part of a complex producing a stereotyped attitude toward that lang's speakers. The matched guise technique can be used in eliciting such attitudes. Questionnaires can be used with varying amounts of focus on the S's own speech, even to eliciting judgments of job potential for taped utterances in different dialects. The language of "main stream culture" is usually taught in order to increase the minority child's educational & social chances of success. Bidialectalism, on the other hand, should not be taught since it is rarely seen in a culture. Furthermore, since nonstandard dialect speakers in most cases prefer their own dialect, it is sufficient to teach them the standard dialect, so that they may use it successfully when necessary in formal situations. T. Lamb DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Language-and-Culture (la2); *Attention- (at1); *Socioeconomic-Status (so1); *Nonstandard-Dialect (no4); *Standard-Dialect (st1); *Dialectology- (di3) AN: 7804376
TITLE: Methodological Issues in Dialect Perception: Some Social Psychological Perspectives
AUTHOR: Giles,-Howard-&-Bourhis,-Richard-Y.
INSTITUTION: U Bristol, BS8 1TH England
SOURCE; Anthropological-Linguistics; 1976, 18, 7, 294-304.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The use of the ' matched guise ' technique to study dialectology is discussed. Shortcomings of the method are pointed out, & revisions proposed to make the paradigm more useful. The basic procedure involves a judge listening to a single speaker reading the same piece of prose with various dialect modifications (having been told that there are in fact several different speakers), & then rating the speakers on various scales. A number of studies which have refined & modified this technique are outlined, though their results are not discussed. Variations include the use of recorded voices played over a loudspeaker in a theater, requesting patrons to complete a rating questionnaire. The only results discussed here are general indications that different dialect guise s had a large effect on the cooperativeness of the audience in filling out the questionnaire. Previous uses of the technique are found to be 'attitude or behavior static', & more dynamic experimental situations are suggested. One modification incorporated the possibility of dialect switching between bilingual English & French Canadians. Other modified approaches currently being tested are outlined. matched guise studies can be useful if they adopt a 'behavior dynamic' approach. Psychologists & linguists must work together in this area. 1 Table. B. Annesser DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Dialectology- (di3); *Attention- (at1); *Research-Design-and-Instrumentation (re11) AN: 7802674
TITLE: The Language of Cooperation in Wales: A Field Study
AUTHOR: Bourhis,-Richard-Y.; Giles,-Howard
INSTITUTION: U Bristol, 8-10 Berkeley Sq BS8 1HH England
SOURCE; Language-Sciences; 1976, 42, Oct, 13-16.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Whether listeners' behavior could be influenced by a speaker's style of speech was studied. A tape recorded plea was played over a theater loudspeaker to two types of audience (Welsh bilinguals & English monolingual Welshmen), cooperation in completing an audience survey questionnaire was requested. The tape recorded plea was voiced in various speech styles by the same bilingual speaker (the matched guise Technique). It was found that Welsh bilinguals completed more questionnaires when the plea was voiced in Welsh than when it was voiced in the English prestige speech style (RP), while the monolingual-Eng Welshmen completed as many questionnaires when the plea was voiced in a mildly accented Welsh accent in English as in the prestige RP. The results were interpreted in terms of norms governing the use of prestige speech styles in formal settings & in terms of how language can serve as a symbol of group loyalty & solidarity. Studies using the matched guise Technique should be carried out in a range of more dynamic & naturalistic settings. A need for more socially relevant research in this area was also proposed. AA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Bilingualism- (bi1) AN: 7801130
TITLE: Communication Length as a Behavioral Index of Accent Prejudice
AUTHOR: Giles,-Howard; Baker,-Susan; Fielding,-Guy
INSTITUTION: U Coll, PO Box 78 Cardiff CF1 1XL Wales England
SOURCE; International-Journal-of-the-Sociology-of-Language; 1975, 6, 73-81.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A matched guise procedure was employed in a face-to-face situation to determine whether Ss would behave differently to standard & nonstandard British accented speakers. The behavioral index adopted was that of communication length. It was found that the standard British speaker was rated more intelligent than the same speaker using the nonstandard guise . Further, Ss tended to write significantly more about the standard speaker than the nonstandard speaker. Innovative features of the research methodology were also discussed in the light of previous research. J. Schwarz DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Foreign-Accent (fo1); *English- (en2); *Standard-Dialect (st1); *Nonstandard-Dialect (no4); *Research-Design-and-Instrumentation (re11); *Behavioristic-Linguistic-Theory (be2) AN: 7705159
TITLE: Subjective Reactions to Various Speech Styles in Egypt
AUTHOR: El-Dash,-Linda; Tucker,-G.-Richard
INSTITUTION: McGill U, Montreal Quebec H3C 3G1
SOURCE; International-Journal-of-the-Sociology-of-Language; 1975, 6, 33-54.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A study was designed to investigate the views held by Egyptians of various ages & educational backgrounds toward several of the speech varieties used in the Egyptian context (Classical Arabic, Colloquial Arabic, Egyptian English, British English, & American English), & to ascertain the perceived suitability of these codes for diverse purposes within Egyptian society. A matched guise technique was used, with taped recordings of short segments of spontaneously elicited speech from informants using language varieties frequently encountered in Cairo. The 4 groups of Ss (10 males & 10 females each) were: a grade school group, a high school group, a national university group, & an American university group. The grade school children generally tended to rate all speakers higher than any other group of judges, although this difference was not significant in the case of home, school, & work. Among all Ss, Classical Arabic was generally more preferable than colloquial Arabic except at home; the 2 were about equally acceptable at work. There was a tendency to judge English speakers more favorably than Colloquial Arabic speakers. J. Schwarz DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Afro-Asiatic-Languages (af2); *English- (en2); *Standard-Dialect (st1); *Nonstandard-Dialect (no4) AN: 7705155
TITLE: Social Consequences of Accommodating One's Style of Speech: A Cross-National Investigation
AUTHOR: Bourhis,-Richard-Y.; Giles,-Howard; Lambert,-Wallace-E.
INSTITUTION: U Coll, PO Box 78 Cardiff CF1 1XL Wales England & McGill U, Montreal Quebec H3C 3G1
SOURCE; International-Journal-of-the-Sociology-of-Language; 1975, 6, 55-71.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A study was designed to investigate the social consequences of a speaker accommodating or failing to accommodate speech style to interlocutor. The Ss in Study 1 were 211 12th grade students attending a Montreal French language secondary school; the Ss for Study 2 were 72 students attending a South Welsh modern secondary school. A matched guise technique was used in each study. It was found that people are relatively successful in perceiving accent shifts & are particularly accurate in noticing upward convergence in Quebec French. The downward divergent shift was not perceived with a high degree of accuracy. These findings are discussed in terms of cross-national differences between the Quebec & the British settings. J. Schwarz DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Foreign-Accent (fo1); *Pronunciation-Accuracy (pr9) AN: 7705147
TITLE: Language Use and Social Change. Problems of Multilingualism with Special Reference to Eastern Africa
AUTHOR: Rubin,-Joan
INSTITUTION: Anthropology Tulane U, New Orleans Louisiana 70118
DA: Whiteley,-W.-H.-[Ed]
SOURCE; Language-in-Society; 1973, 2, 2, Oct, 301-303.
PB: London: Oxford U Press.
DT: abr Abstract-of-Book-Review
ABSTRACT: This volume is the result of the International African Seminar chaired in 1968 by W. H. Whiteley, who edited the collection & wrote the introduction. The volume contains 23 papers. Among them are Fishman's typology of language policies & their relation to sociocultural integration; Gumperz' & Hernandez' discussion of code switching; Lambert's report on matched guise tests; Robinson's discussion of the Basil Bernstein neo-Whorfian hypothesis; & Fishman's & Cooper's discussion of the utility of tentative bilingual measures. The 2nd half of the collection is empirical; work in 8 countries is reported. There are articles on language treatment in Ethiopia, language attitudes in Ghana, language rivalries in Muslim communities, & language choice in Uganda. Tanzania's national policy towards Swahili is well-described by Abdulaziz. For the future, more details are needed on the sociocultural basis for sociolinguistic variation & on the sociocultural-economic background to language policy & implementation. D. Burkenroad DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Afro-Asiatic-Languages (af2); *Plurilingualism- (pl1); *Linguistic-Relativity (li2); *Bilingualism- (bi1) AN: 7604323
TITLE: Subjective Reactions to Various Speech Styles in Egypt
AUTHOR: El-Dash,-Linda; Tucker,-Richard
INSTITUTION: American U, Cairo Egypt
SOURCE; Linguistics; 1975, 166, Dec 15, 33-54.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The Arabic spoken in Egypt can be placed on a continuum ranging from Classical Arabic to the colloquial language. Furthermore, most school children study English. A matched guise test was felt to be the best means of determining subjective reactions to varying speech styles & languages. 4 groups of males & females (N=10 each) were selected from a grade school, a high school, a national university, & American U in Cairo. The Ss judged 5 language varieties (Classical Arabic, colloquial Arabic, Egyptian English, British English, & American English) on the basis of the personality traits of intelligence, likeability, religiousness, & leadership; they were then asked to state the nationality of the speaker. Classical Arabic was given the highest overall ratings in all personality categories. Colloquial Arabic, on the other hand, got low ratings on all but 1 of the personality traits--that having to do with religion. Differences among the various groups, the feeling of the Ss on the question of which language variety is appropriate for which situation, & questions of nationality judgements are also discussed. P. Tiersma DEM: *Speech-Perception (sp6); *Afro-Asiatic-Languages (af2); *Language-and-Culture (la2); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *English- (en2) AN: 7603255
TITLE: Acoustic Determinants of Perceptions of Personality from Speech
AUTHOR: Brown,-Bruce-L.; Strong,-William-J.; Rencher,-Alvin-C.
INSTITUTION: Brigham Young U, Provo UT 84601
SOURCE; Linguistics; 1975, 166, Dec 15, 11-32.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A number of articles dealing with how & to what extent people make personality judgements on the basis of acoustic information are reviewed. Those of Lambert & his associates are especially important. He is known for his utilization of matched guise techniques for the study of language prejudice in Quebec. Other articles are also mentioned, most notably, "Perceptions of Personality from Speech: Effects of Manipulations of Acoustic Parameters" (Brown, Strong, & Rencher Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1973, Jul). Possibilities for productive future research are discussed. P. Tiersma DEM: *Speech-Perception (sp6); *Interpersonal-Behavior (in15); *Personality-and-Personality-Investigation (pe7) AN: 7603254
TITLE: Language Attitudes in St. Lucia
AUTHOR: Lieberman,-Dena
INSTITUTION: U Missouri, Columbia 65201
SOURCE; Journal-of-Cross-Cultural-Psychology; 1975, 6, 4, Dec, 471-481.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The matched guise technique was applied to a sample of bilingual St. Lucians. The method requires that respondents evaluate the personality traits of speakers whose tape-recorded voices are played to them. Results indicate that St. Lucian bilinguals have different evaluative reactions to their 2 languages--English & a French-based Creole. St. Lucians are found to have a positive attitude toward this French-based Creole, which is their native language. These findings contradict the view commonly expressed by St. Lucians on language usage questionnaires that English is the preferred language & that Creole is not equally valued. Modified HA DEM: *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *Attention- (at1); *Bilingualism- (bi1); *Interpersonal-Behavior (in15); *English- (en2); *French- (fr2); *Creoles- (cr3) AN: 7603065
TITLE: Communication Length as a Behavioral Index of Accent Prejudice
AUTHOR: Giles,-Howard; Baker,-Susan; Fielding,-Guy
INSTITUTION: U College, Cardiff South Wales
SOURCE; Linguistics; 1975, 166, Dec 15, 73-81.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: In recent years matched guise experiments to test reactions to specific speech styles have proliferated. The problem is that matched guise tests have almost without exception been conducted using taped passages, thus not giving any indication if they simply reflect attitudes or if they also reflect behavior. It was thus decided to run this type of test with a face-to-face encounter to determine if Ss would behave differently towards speakers of different styles of British English. 2 groups (N=28) of high school students were asked to write a short passage on what they thought psychology was about. 1 interviewer (the 1 who had given the instructions) left the room, & the other then asked students to evaluate &, later, to fill out a questionnaire on the 1st interviewer to determine if he should be given a job. Of the traits on the questionnaire, only intelligence produced significant results: the students gave a much lower rating to the Birmingham accent than to Received Pronunciation. This lower rating was reflected in their behavior; they wrote much less for & about the interviewer when he had given the instructions in the lower status Birmingham accent. P. Tiersma DEM: *Interpersonal-Behavior (in15); *Attention- (at1); *English- (en2); *Foreign-Accent (fo1); *Pronunciation-Accuracy (pr9) AN: 7602987
TITLE: Evaluation reactions of college students to dialect differences in the English of Mexican-Americans
AUTHOR: Arthur,-Bradford; Farrar,-Dorothee; Bradford,-George
INSTITUTION: U California Los Angeles 90024
SOURCE; Language-and-Speech; 1974, 17, 3, Jul-Sep, 255-270.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The English of Los Angeles Mexican-Americans ranges from the local standard to Chicano English, a non-standard ethnic dialect. Speech approaching Chicano English was negatively stereotyped by Anglo-American university students on scales related to success, ability, and social awareness. Forty-eight UCLA students rated four pairs of matched guise voices on 15 semantic differential scales. Dialect differences consistently affected their rating. But raters also attended to non-dialect voice differences, especially for more Standard English voices. In rating Standard English, students used a different, more complex procedure for judging personality. HA DEM: *Nonstandard-Dialect (no4); *Mexican-American (me8); *Attention- (at1); *Spanish- (so5); *Sociolinguistics- (so2); *English- (en2); *Semantic-Differential (se7) AN: 7503877
TITLE: A psycholinguistic study of the relationships between children's ethnic-linguistic attitudes and the effectiveness of methods used in second-language reading instruction
AUTHOR: Tang,-Benita-T.
INSTITUTION: Education Catholic U Ponce PR 00731
SOURCE; TESOL-Quarterly; 1974, 8, 3, Sep, 233-251.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A report of a psycholinguistic study investigating the relationships between Chinese children's attitudes toward their native dialect (Cantonese) as well as the second language (English) and the effectivenss of certain methods used in the teaching of second language reading. The two methods compared in the experiment were the translation method and the non-translation method. The main hypothesis confirmed in the present study is that the translation method is the superior method for children who have a very positive attitude toward their native language and culture while the non-translation method ("English only") is superior for those who do not hold their native language in very high esteem. Eight special ESL (English as a second language) classes at three elementary schools in Chinatown, San Francisco were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups. Attitudes toward the two languages (inclusive of the cultures and speakers) were measured with a matched guise test. On the basis of the lessons taught in the 20 40-min sessions, a science reading comprehension test was constructed. The same test was used for both pre-testing and post-testing purposes, and the gain-scores served as the dependent variable. HA DEM: *Psycholinguistics- (ps3); *Reading-Instruction (re4); *TESOL- (te6); *Chinese- (ch2); *Translation-and-Interpretation (tr5); *Attention- (at1); *FLES- (fl1) AN: 7405186
TITLE: Language as a determinant of Welsh identity
AUTHOR: Bourhis,-Richard-Y.; Giles,-Howard; Tajfel,-Henri
INSTITUTION: U Coll Cardiff Wales United Kingdom
SOURCE; European-Journal-of-Social-Psychology; 1973, 3 (4), 447-460.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: A report of a study, using the "matched guise " technique, designed to determine how different groups of Welshmen perceive members of their own national group who use various linguistic codes. Three matched groups of adult Welsh Ss participated: bilinguals, those who were learning Welsh, and those who could neither speak Welsh nor were learning it. These Ss were asked to evaluate on 22 scales the personalities of various Welsh speakers they heard reading a passage of prose on tape. Essentially, the stimulus tape consisted of two male bilinguals reading the passage once each in Welsh, in English with a Welsh accent, and in English with a Received Pronunciation (RP) accent. It was found, despite the fact that the groups differed in their language skills and self-perceived Welshness, that Ss as a whole upgraded the bilingual speakers on most traits. The RP speakers were evaluated most favorably on only one trait--self-confidence. It is suggested that language, to a large extent, serves as a symbol of Welsh identity; the results are discussed in relation to how other ethnic groups appear to view their own linguistic codes. HA DEM: *Language-and-Culture (la2); *Bilingualism- (bi1); *Register- (re8); *Interpersonal-Behavior (in15) AN: 7404160
TITLE: Communicative effectiveness as a function of accented speech
AUTHOR: Giles,-Howard
INSTITUTION: Social Psychology U College Cardiff South Wales
SOURCE; Speech-Monographs; 1973, 40 (4), 330-331.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: Five groups of accented 17 year olds from Britain were matched on sex, regional membership, and attitude toward capital punishment for murder. These groups were presented with the same persuasive message against capital punishment. Four of the groups heard the message on tape in a different accent produced by a speaker adopting the matched guise technique; the fifth group was given a typescript of the message. The results indicate that the greater the accent prestige of the communicator's voice, the greater the perceived quality of the argument. Only the nonstandard regional accented messages, however, changed listeners' attitudes significantly in the predicted direction. HA DEM: *Persuasion- (pe8); *Attention- (at1); *Credibility- (cr2) AN: 7402699
TITLE: Black high school students' reactions to black speakers of Standard and Black English
AUTHOR: Hensley,-Anne
INSTITUTION: U. California, Los Angeles
SOURCE; Language-Learning; 1972, 22 (2), 253-259.
DT: aja Abstract-of-Journal-Article
ABSTRACT: The " matched guise " technique was used to measure reactions of 120 black high school students towards taped voices of black persons when they speak Standard English (SE) and when they speak Black English (NNE). Subjects, speakers of NNE, listened to taped voices of bidialectal speakers, the two dialects of each speaker maximally separated on the tapes. Voices were rated on a semantic differential scale for 14 traits obtained from equivalent Ss. Subjects revealed an overwhelming preference for the SE guise . Interactions of dialect with speaker sex and student sex are discussed. Three explanations considered are: (1) influence of school test context; (2) adequacy of traits; and (3) that Ss may, indeed, accept values of the dominant culture regarding language standardization. DEM: *Nonstandard-Dialect (no4); *American-Negro (am4); *Semantic-Differential (se7) AN: 7302496