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Next: Complex Syntax and

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• Complex Syntax and miscellaneous topics
  • Syntactic Modality: Probability, Possibility and Chance
    • Syntactic possibility
    • 60 or more certainty.
    • Negative Probability.
  • Reduplication
    • Reduplication, positive-negative.: Vb pos.AVP + vb neg. AVP
    • `Echo-word' reduplication.
    • Emphatic reduplication of infinitive and finite verb.
    • Distributive Reduplication.
    • Reduplicated onomatopoeic expressions.
  • The quotative verb ýá -nnu in complex sentences.
    • ýá -nnu : relative clause/embedded sentence marker.
    • ýá nnu in intent constructions
      • Intent
      • Semantic range
      • Tense.
      • Variants
      • Intent constructions with nouns
      • Verbal Noun + adverbial -aa(y) + Éç/×¼×Æ/׶ԧè iru/nene/sollu
      • Noun + dative + È ýá aa-nnu: intended for'.
    • Quotative ýá -nnu Embedded.
      • Obstinate Negative Embedded.
  • Factive Constructions
    • Factive Relative Clauses
      • X ¨ÞÅÂç ngravaru: (someone) called `X'
  • Onomatopoeic expressions with ýá nnu
  • ؽÔÁ poola and ¾Ô»ÕÀÕ maadiri
    • Sentence + ؽÔÁ Éç¡Þ poola irukku.
    • ؽÔÁ poola contracted: Counterfactual
      • Contracted ¤Á pla in other expressions.
    • ¾Ô»ÕÀÕ maatiri ½Ü padi.
  • Cleft sentences
  • Clitics Ñ, Î, È, Ë£, Ψ oo, ee, aa, um, een
    • Doubt markers Ñ oo and Ψ -een
      • clitic -oo plus varia
      • The ultra polite/deferential doubt marker Ψ -een.
      • `Whether-or-not' in interrogative constructions.
    • Wh-interrogative + Vb + Ñ oo, a-word Vb.
    • Ë£ ... Ë£ -um ... -um, È ... È -aa ... -aa : Conjunctions
      • Ë£ ... um ... um: X `and' Y
      • È ... È aa ... aa: disjunction.
      • ÈÂâ ... ÈÂÔâ aavadu ... aavadu `either, or'
      • aavadu in isolation.
    • `Emphatic' Î, »Ô¨, »ÔØÆ, ¾¥à£ -ee, taan, taanee, mattum
      • Presupposed Knowledge
  • The verb ½Ôç paaru in various permutations.
    • ½Ôç paaru meaning `try verb-ing', `try to verb'
      • Verb-INFINITIVE + paaru
      • Verb + AVP + ½Ôç paaru.
      • Lexical combinations.
      • Postpositions plus ½Ôç paaru
    • ½Ô¢â paattu meaning (direct the attention) `at, towards'
    • ½Ô¢â paattu + VERB
      • ½Ô¢â paattu with Time Expressions
      • The concessive of ½Ôç paaru with interrogative ͤ½ eppa.
  • References Cited.
• References
• About this document ...

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Haorld_F.Schiffman