Complex Syntax and miscellaneous topics

• Syntactic Modality: Probability, Possibility and Chance
  • Syntactic possibility
  • 60 or more certainty.
  • Negative Probability.
• Reduplication
  • Reduplication, positive-negative.: Vb pos.AVP + vb neg. AVP
  • `Echo-word' reduplication.
  • Emphatic reduplication of infinitive and finite verb.
  • Distributive Reduplication.
  • Reduplicated onomatopoeic expressions.
• The quotative verb ýá -nnu in complex sentences.
  • ýá -nnu : relative clause/embedded sentence marker.
  • ýá nnu in intent constructions
    • Intent
    • Semantic range
    • Tense.
    • Variants
    • Intent constructions with nouns
    • Verbal Noun + adverbial -aa(y) + Éç/×¼×Æ/׶ԧè iru/nene/sollu
    • Noun + dative + È ýá aa-nnu: intended for'.
  • Quotative ýá -nnu Embedded.
    • Obstinate Negative Embedded.
• Factive Constructions
  • Factive Relative Clauses
    • X ¨ÞÅÂç ngravaru: (someone) called `X'
• Onomatopoeic expressions with ýá nnu
• ؽÔÁ poola and ¾Ô»ÕÀÕ maadiri
  • Sentence + ؽÔÁ Éç¡Þ poola irukku.
  • ؽÔÁ poola contracted: Counterfactual
    • Contracted ¤Á pla in other expressions.
  • ¾Ô»ÕÀÕ maatiri ½Ü padi.
• Cleft sentences
• Clitics Ñ, Î, È, Ë£, Ψ oo, ee, aa, um, een
  • Doubt markers Ñ oo and Ψ -een
    • clitic -oo plus varia
    • The ultra polite/deferential doubt marker Ψ -een.
    • `Whether-or-not' in interrogative constructions.
  • Wh-interrogative + Vb + Ñ oo, a-word Vb.
  • Ë£ ... Ë£ -um ... -um, È ... È -aa ... -aa : Conjunctions
    • Ë£ ... um ... um: X `and' Y
    • È ... È aa ... aa: disjunction.
    • ÈÂâ ... ÈÂÔâ aavadu ... aavadu `either, or'
    • aavadu in isolation.
  • `Emphatic' Î, »Ô¨, »ÔØÆ, ¾¥à£ -ee, taan, taanee, mattum
    • Presupposed Knowledge
• The verb ½Ôç paaru in various permutations.
  • ½Ôç paaru meaning `try verb-ing', `try to verb'
    • Verb-INFINITIVE + paaru
    • Verb + AVP + ½Ôç paaru.
    • Lexical combinations.
    • Postpositions plus ½Ôç paaru
  • ½Ô¢â paattu meaning (direct the attention) `at, towards'
  • ½Ô¢â paattu + VERB
    • ½Ô¢â paattu with Time Expressions
    • The concessive of ½Ôç paaru with interrogative ͤ½ eppa.
• References Cited.