The Tamil Verb Phrase

• The Verb Stem
• Imperatives and Infinitives
  • The Imperative.
  • Negative Imperative.
  • Imperative plus Ψ een `why'.
• Forms of address
  • Use of singular polite.
  • Plural (honorific) Polite Ëõ´(ª) (u)nga(l)
    • Polite (honorific) plural.
  • Honorific Ëõ´(ª) (u)nga(l)
    • Other uses.
  • Singular Non-Polite.
    • Singular informal non-polite.
  • Hortative ÁÔ£ laam `let's (verb)', `shall we (verb)?'
    • Hortative.
  • Other address forms.
    • (Ç)¹Ô and (Ç)Ý (non-polite).
    • (Ç)¹Ô with female child.
    • Use of (Ç)¹Ô and (Ç)Ý with non-kin.
    • Ç)¤½Ô `father, older man' appaa and (Ç)£¾Ô ammaa `mother, older woman' (polite).
    • Imperative honorifics.
    • (Ç)²¿Ô and (Ç)£¾Ô (polite).
    • (Ç)²¿Ô (masculine) and (Ç)£¾Ô (feminine).
    • ÇýºÔ«¶Õ, annaacci, ÇýºÔ annaa; Ç¡´Ô akkaa; »£½Õ tampi.
• Finite Verbs
  • `Strong verbs' characterized by tense markers ¡Þ±/¢¢/¤¤.
  • `Weak' verbs, with tense markers ˱/ɨ/ Â
  • Graul's Class II: Weak present/future, ÿ¢ past.
  • Verbs with weak present and future but past with doubled retroflex consonant
  • Verbs of the problematical class V.
    • The Verb: Person-Number-Gender Agreement.
    • ÂÔ vaa `come'.
    • Ø½Ô poo `go'.
• Transitivity and Verb Classes.
  • Classification of the Tamil Verb.
    • Graul's Verb classes.
  • Transitivity.
    • Dative Subjects
• Examples of Paradigms of various typical verbs.
  • Examples of Strong Verbs (Graul's class VII)
    • ½Ôç `see': Inf.: ½Ô¡´ AVP ½Ô¢â `having seen'
    • Éç `be located': Inf.: Éç¡´ AVP: Éçÿâ `having been'
    • ¶Ô¤½Õà saappidu `eat' Inf.: ¶Ô¤½Õ¹ saappida AVP: ¶Ô¤½Õ¥à saappittu `having eaten'
    • ÂÔõÞ `buy' Infinitive: ÂÔõ´ AVP: ÂÔõ´Õ vaangi `having bought'
    • Âÿ»Õà vandidu `definitely come' Inf.: Âÿ»Õ¹ AVP:Âÿ»Õ¥à vandittu `having definitely come'
    • ½Ü padi `study' Inf.: ½Ü¡´ padikka, AVP: ½Ü«ß padiccu `having studied'
    • Neuters
    • Neuter Past.
    • Use of «¶Õ cci with Class III verbs.
  • Neuter Future.
    • The Infinitive
    • Of strong verbs.
    • Other verbs.
    • Exceptions.
• Transitivity, causation and verb classes
  • Phonological correlates of transitive/intransitive distinction.
  • Strong/weak versus transitive/intransitive.
    • Exceptions.
  • Other patterns distinguishing transitive/intransitive.
    • Stems with NC versus CC.
    • Pairs with doubled stem-final consonant in the causative.
    • Pairs with an added suffix, usually ÂÕ or ¤½Õ.
    • Derived causatives.
• Modal auxiliaries
  • Homonymy with lexical verbs.
  • Use of aspect marker ÈÞ aahu with modal ᣠdum
  • Verbal Aspect Markers
• Verbal Aspect
  • Aspect and commentary
  • Where do aspectual verbs come from?
    • Syntax of aspectual verbs
• Aspect and Markedness.
• Primarily aspectual verbs.
  • Inventory of Aspect Markers.
    • Morphophonemics of aspectual verbs
  • Primarily Aspectual Verbs
    • ÂÕà (v)idu `completive'.
    • vayyi `future utility'.
    • More about ÙÂ¿Õ vayyi `future utility.'
    • Éç iru
    • ÈÞ aahu `expected result; finality'.
    • ÈÞ aahu `expected result.'
    • ؽÔà poodu `malicious intent.'
    • ÂÔ vaa `iterative; connected continuity'.
    • Ø½Ô poo `change of state'.
  • Primarily attitudinal aspectual verbs.
    • »ªë tallu `distributive', `riddance', `exdeixis'
    • ×»Ô×Á tole impatience, disgust.
  • The aspectual verb Ø´Ô koo.
    • Aspectual distinctions
    • Self-affective or self-benefactive action.
    • Simultaneity.
    • Durative or Continuative Action.
    • Inchoative and Punctual notions.
  • ؽÔà poodu `malicious intent'.
  • Lexical problems.
  • Pragmatic Considerations.
  • Grammaticalization
• Negatives
• Defective verb forms
  • Dative-Statives.
  • Syntax of Dative-Stative Verbs.
  • Modality and Dative-State verbs.
  • Complex Morphology and Dative-Statives:
• Verbalizers and Compound Verbs
  • Transitive Absolutes
  • Common Verbalizers
  • ½ýá pannu `make, do'.
  • ÇÜ adi `pejorative action.'
  • Íà edu `inchoative'.
  • ½à padu `experience emotions' and `passive'
    • ½à padu `experience emotions'
  • ½à padu with other verbs: `passive'
  • ½ÕÜ pidi `increase, augment'.
  • ׶ԧè sollu as a performative verb.